1
蘇保衡
Su Baoheng
2
蘇保衡，字宗尹，雲中天成人。 父京，遼進士，為西京留守。 宗翰兵至西京，京出降。 久之，京病篤，以保衡屬宗翰。 京死，宗翰薦之於朝。 賜進士出身，補太子洗馬，調解州軍事判官。 左監軍撒離喝駐軍陝西，辟幕府，參議軍事，累官同知興中尹。 天德間，繕治中都，張浩舉保衡分督工役。 改大興少尹，督諸陵工役。 再遷工部尚書。 海陵治兵伐宋，與徐文等造舟於通州，海陵獵近郊，因至通州視工作。 兵興，保衡為浙東道水軍都統制，率舟師泛海，徑趨臨安。 宋兵來襲，敗於海中，副統制鄭家死之。
Su Baoheng, whose style name was Zongyin, came from Zhongtian in the Yun region. His father Su Jing had passed the Liao civil examination and held the post of garrison commander of the Western Capital. When Wanyan Zonghan's army reached the Western Capital, Jing surrendered. In time Jing fell gravely ill and entrusted Baoheng to Zonghan's care. After Jing died, Zonghan recommended him at court. He was granted jinshi standing, appointed attendant to the crown prince, and transferred to serve as military administrator of Jie Prefecture. When the Left Overseer Saliahe garrisoned Shaanxi, he recruited Baoheng to his staff as a military adviser; Baoheng rose through successive posts to acting prefect of Xingzhong. During the Tiande period, while the Central Capital was being rebuilt, Zhang Hao recommended Baoheng to help supervise the work crews. He was made vice prefect of Daxing and put in charge of construction at the imperial tombs. He was promoted again to Minister of Works. As Emperor Hailing mustered forces to invade the Song, he and Xu Wen and others built warships at Tongzhou; on a hunt in the nearby suburbs he went on to Tongzhou to inspect the shipyards. When hostilities began, Baoheng was made overall commander of the Zhedong naval forces and led the fleet by sea straight for Lin'an. Song forces attacked; the fleet was defeated at sea, and the deputy commander Zheng Jia was killed.
3
大定二年，召赴中都。 是時，山東盜賊嘯聚，契丹攻掠臨潢等州郡，百姓困弊。 詔保衡安撫山東，前太子少保高思廉安撫臨潢，發倉粟以賑之，無衣者賜以幣帛，或官粟有闕，則收糴以給之，無妻室者具姓名以聞。 還除刑部尚書。 與工部尚書宗永、兵部侍郎完顏余裏也，往河南、山東、陝西宣問屯田軍人，有曾破大敵及攻城野戰立功者，具姓名以聞。 或以寡敵眾，或與敵相當能先登敗敵者，正軍及擐甲阿裏喜補官一階，猛安謀克以功狀上尚書省，曾隨海陵軍至淮上破敵者亦准上遷賞。
In the second year of the Dading era he was summoned to the Central Capital. At that time bandits were gathering across Shandong, Khitan forces were raiding Linhuang and neighboring prefectures, and the common people were in dire straits. Baoheng was ordered to pacify Shandong and the former Junior Tutor of the Crown Prince Gao Silian was sent to pacify Linhuang. They opened granaries for relief, gave cloth to the destitute, and where official stores ran short bought grain on the market to make up the deficit; men without wives or families were to be listed by name and reported to the throne. On his return he was appointed Minister of Punishments. Together with Minister of Works Zong Yong and Vice Minister of War Wanyan Yuliye, he toured Henan, Shandong, and Shaanxi to review garrison troops and military colonists; anyone who had defeated a major enemy force or distinguished himself in assaults or field battles was to be named and reported. Men who had fought few against many, or matched the enemy and been first over the wall to rout them, were to advance one rank in the regular army or among armored Alixi auxiliaries; meng'an and mouke commanders were to file merit reports with the Ministry, and those who had followed Hailing's army to the Huai and defeated the enemy were likewise eligible for promotion and reward.
4
僕散忠義伐宋，保衡行戶部於關中，兼糾察，許以便宜，黜守令不法者十餘人。 邠守傅慎微忤用事者，被讒構下獄且死，保衡力救之得免。 入為太常卿，遷禮部尚書。 三年，拜參知政事。 宋人請和，詔保衡往南京，與僕散忠義斟酌事宜，行之。 入奏，進右丞。 四年，宋人請和，師還，保衡朝京師。 初，宮女稱心縱火十六位，延燒諸殿，上以方用兵，國用不足，不復營繕。 及宋和，詔保衡監護役事，遣少府監張仲愈取南京宮殿圖本。 上聞之，謂保衡曰：「追仲愈還。 民間將謂朕效正隆華侈也。」
When Pusann Zhongyi campaigned against the Song, Baoheng served as acting Minister of Revenue in Guanzhong with additional powers of inspection and discretionary authority; he removed more than ten unlawful prefects and magistrates. The prefect of Bin, Fu Shenwei, had offended the men in power; slanderers framed him and he was thrown into prison facing execution, but Baoheng fought to save him and he was spared. He was recalled to court as Director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple and then promoted to Minister of Rites. In the third year he was appointed vice grand councilor. When the Song sued for peace, Baoheng was ordered to Nanjing to work out the terms with Pusann Zhongyi and put them into effect. He returned to report to the throne and was promoted to right vice councilor. In the fourth year, after the Song made peace and the army withdrew, Baoheng came to court at the capital. Earlier the palace woman Chengxin had set fire to the Sixteen Offices and the flames had spread through the halls; with war underway and the treasury strained, the emperor had not rebuilt them. After peace with the Song, Baoheng was ordered to supervise reconstruction and Zhang Zhongyu of the Palace Workshops was sent to obtain plans of the Nanjing palaces. When the emperor heard of this he told Baoheng, "Recall Zhongyu. The people will say I am copying the lavish excess of the Zhenglong reign."
5
六年冬，有疾，求致仕，不許。 遣敬嗣暉傳詔曰：「卿以忠直擢居執政，齒發未衰，遽以小疾求退。 善加攝養，以俟疾間視事。」 未幾，薨，年五十五。 世宗將放鷹近郊，聞之乃還，為輟朝，賻贈，命有司致祭。
In the winter of the sixth year he fell ill and asked to retire, but the request was denied. Jing Sihui was sent with an edict: "You were promoted to the council for your loyalty and integrity; your hair is scarcely gray—why seek retirement over a minor ailment? Take good care of yourself and wait until you recover before returning to office." Before long he died, at the age of fifty-five. Emperor Shizong had been about to go hawking in the suburbs; on hearing the news he turned back, suspended court, granted funeral gifts, and ordered the proper offices to conduct the rites.
6
翟永固
Di Yonggu
7
翟永固，字仲堅，中都良鄉人。 太祖與宋約攻遼，事成以燕歸宋。 宋人以經義兼策取士，永固中第一，授開德府儀曹參軍。 金破宋，永固北歸。 中天會六年詞賦科，授懷安丞，遷望雲令，補樞密院令史，辟左副元帥宗翰府掾。 永固家貧，求外補，宗翰愛其能，不許，以錢三千貫周之，薦於朝，攝左司郎中。 除定武軍節度副使，曆同知清州防禦使，入為工部員外郎。 以母憂去官，起複禮部郎中，遷翰林直學士。
Di Yonggu, whose style name was Zhongjian, was from Liangxiang in the Central Capital district. Taizu had agreed with the Song to attack the Liao jointly; when the campaign succeeded, the Yan region was to be returned to the Song. Under the Song examination combining classical learning with policy essays, Yonggu took first place and was appointed an aide in the ceremonial office of Kaide Prefecture. When the Jin overran the Song territories, Yonggu returned north. In the sixth year of the Tianhui era he passed the rhapsody-and-fu examination at Zhongdu, served as assistant magistrate of Huai'an and then magistrate of Wangyun, became a clerk in the Bureau of Military Affairs, and was recruited to Zonghan's staff as Left Vice Marshal. Yonggu was poor and sought a provincial post, but Zonghan, who valued his talent, refused; he gave him three thousand strings of cash, recommended him at court, and had him serve as acting director of the Left Department. He was made deputy military commissioner of the Dingwu army, served as acting prefect of Qing Prefecture, and was recalled to the capital as vice director of the Ministry of Works. He left office to mourn his mother, was recalled as a director in the Ministry of Rites, and was promoted to Hanlin academician.
8
海陵篡立，宋國賀正旦使至廣寧，海陵使使以廢立事諭宋使，遣還之。 以侍衛親軍都指揮使完顏思恭為報諭宋使，永固為副，且令永固伺察宋人動靜。 使還，改禮部侍郎。 久之，分護燕京宮室役事，永固請寫《無逸圖》於殿壁，不納。 俄遷太常卿，考試貞元二年進士，出《尊祖配天賦》題，海陵以為猜度己意，召永固問曰：「賦題不稱朕意。 我祖在位時祭天拜乎？」 對曰：「拜。」 海陵曰：「豈有生則致拜，死而同體配食者乎？」 對曰：「古有之，載在典禮。」 海陵曰：「若桀、紂曾行，亦欲我行之乎？」 於是永固、張景仁皆杖二十。 而進士張汝霖賦第八韻有曰：「方今將行郊祀。」 海陵詰之曰：「汝安知我郊祀乎？」 亦杖之三十。 頃之，永固遷禮部尚書，賜笏頭球文金帶。 改永定軍節度使。 正隆二年，例降二品以上官爵，永固階光祿大夫不降，以寵異之。 遷翰林學士承旨，與直學士韓汝嘉俱召至內殿，問以將親伐宋事，永固對曰：「宋人事本朝無釁隙，伐之無名。 縱使可伐，亦無煩親征，遣將帥可也。」 由是大忤海陵意，永固即請致仕。 正隆四年正月丁巳，海陵朝永壽宮，四品以上官賜宴，永固至殿門外，海陵即以致仕宣命授之，永固歸臥於家。 大定二年，起拜尚書左丞，請依舊制廉察官吏，革正隆守令之汙，從之。 明年，表乞致仕，詔不許。 罷為真定尹，賜通犀帶。 尚書省奏，永固自執政為真定尹，其傘蓋當用何制度，上曰：「用執政制度。」 遂著為令。 五年，懇乞致仕，許之。 六年，薨。
After Hailing seized the throne, the Song New Year's envoy reached Guangning; Hailing sent a messenger to inform him of the deposition and enthronement and sent him home. Wanyan Sigong, commander-in-chief of the imperial guard, was sent to reply to the Song envoy with Yonggu as his deputy, and Yonggu was also instructed to watch Song movements. On his return he was made vice minister of rites. Later he helped supervise construction of the Yanjing palaces and asked to have the "Against Dissipation" scene painted on the hall walls, but the request was rejected. Soon he was made director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple; when he set the jinshi examination topic for the second year of Zhenyuan as "Honoring the Ancestor and Matching Heaven," Hailing thought it alluded to his own plans and summoned Yonggu: "The topic does not please me. When my ancestor was on the throne, did he perform obeisance in sacrifices to Heaven?" Yonggu answered, "He did." Hailing said, "Can one bow to a living man and then share the sacrificial offering with his corpse?" Yonggu replied, "The ancients did so; it is recorded in the ritual codes." Hailing said, "If Jie and Zhou did it, do you want me to follow them as well?" Yonggu and Zhang Jingren were each flogged twenty strokes. The candidate Zhang Rulin wrote in the eighth rhyme of his fu, "At present suburban sacrifice is about to be performed." Hailing demanded, "How do you know I plan a suburban sacrifice?" He too was flogged thirty strokes. Before long Yonggu was made minister of rites and granted a gold belt with ball-pattern plaque at the tablet head. He was transferred to military commissioner of the Yongding army. In the second year of Zhenglong, officials of the second rank and above had their titles reduced by regulation; Yonggu's rank as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness was left unchanged as a mark of special favor. He was made expositor of the Hanlin Academy; he and Hanlin academician Han Rujia were summoned to the inner hall and questioned about a personal campaign against the Song. Yonggu replied, "The Song have served our dynasty without provocation; an attack would have no just cause. Even if they could be attacked, there is no need for Your Majesty to go in person; send generals instead." This greatly offended Hailing, and Yonggu immediately asked to retire. On the dingsi day of the first month of the fourth year of Zhenglong, Hailing held court at Yongshou Palace and feasted officials of the fourth rank and above; Yonggu came only to the outer gate, where Hailing handed him the retirement edict on the spot, and Yonggu went home to live in seclusion. In the second year of Dading he was recalled as left vice director of the Imperial Secretariat and asked to resume the old system of inspecting officials and cleaning up the corruption of Zhenglong-era prefects and magistrates; the emperor agreed. The following year he memorialized asking to retire, but the edict refused. He was relieved of the council and made prefect of Zhending, with a rhinoceros-horn belt as a gift. The Imperial Secretariat asked what parasol and canopy regulations Yonggu should use now that he had moved from the council to the prefecture of Zhending. The emperor said, "Use the council regulations." This was then codified as a permanent rule. In the fifth year he earnestly petitioned to retire and was allowed to do so. In the sixth year he died.
9
魏子平
Wei Ziping
10
久之，拜參知政事。 上問子平曰：「古者稅什一而民足，今百一而民不足，何也？」 子平對曰：「什一取其公田之入，今無公田而稅其私田，為法不同。 古有一易再易之田，中田一年荒而不種，下田二年荒而不種。 今乃一切與上田均稅之，此民所以困也。」 上又問曰：「戍卒逋亡物故，今按物力高者補之，可乎？」 對曰：「富家子弟騃懦不可用，守戍歲時求索無厭，家產隨壞。 若按物力多寡賦之，募材勇騎射之士，不足則調兵家子弟補之，庶幾官收實用，人無失職之患。」 上從之。
In time he was appointed vice grand councilor. The emperor asked Ziping, "In antiquity a one-tenth levy left the people well provided; today a one-hundredth levy leaves them wanting—why is that?" Ziping replied, "The ancient tenth took only from public-field revenue; today there are no public fields, yet private fields are taxed—the systems differ. In antiquity fields were classified for one or two years' fallow; middle-grade land left uncultivated for a year and lower-grade land for two years were not taxed. Now every plot is taxed at the same rate as the best land—that is why the people are in distress." The emperor also asked, "When garrison soldiers desert or die, is it acceptable to replace them from the wealthiest households by assessed property?" He answered, "Sons of rich families are dull and timid and useless in service; on garrison duty they make endless seasonal demands until the family estate is ruined. If the levy were scaled to property and used to recruit able archers and horsemen, with military families called up only when numbers fell short, the state would gain useful soldiers and families would not be ruined by misassigned duty." The emperor accepted his advice.
11
海州捕賊八十餘人，賊首海州人，其兄今為宋之軍官。 上聞之，謂宰相曰：「宋之和好，恐不能久，其宿、泗間漢軍，以女直軍代之。」 子平曰：「誓書稱沿邊州城，除自來合設置射糧軍數並巡尉外，更不得屯軍守戍。」 上曰：「此更代之，非增戍也。」
Haizhou captured more than eighty bandits; their leader was a local man whose elder brother now serves as a Song army officer. On hearing this the emperor told his chief ministers, "Peace with the Song may not last; replace the Han troops between Su and Si with Jurchen forces." Ziping said, "The treaty states that along the border prefectures and cities, apart from the established grain-guard archers and patrol officers, no additional garrison troops may be stationed." The emperor said, "This is a replacement, not an increase in garrison strength."
12
上曰：「前日令內任官六品以上，外任五品以上，並舉所知。 未聞有舉之者，豈無其才，蓋知而不舉也。」 子平曰：「請令當舉之官，每任須舉一人。」 澤州刺史劉德裕、祁州刺史斜哥、滄州同知訛裏也、易州同知訛裏剌、楚丘縣令劉春哥以贓汙抵罪，上欲詔示中外，丞相守道以為不可，上以問子平曰：「卿意何如？」 子平曰：「臣聞懲一戒百，陛下固宜行之。」 上曰：「然。」 遂降詔焉。
The emperor said, "The other day I ordered capital officials of the sixth rank and above and provincial officials of the fifth rank and above each to recommend men they knew. I have heard of no recommendations. Is there no talent, or do they know capable men and simply fail to recommend them?" Ziping said, "Require every official who must recommend talent to nominate at least one person per term of office." The prefect of Ze Liu Deyu, the prefect of Qi Xiege, the acting prefect of Cangzhou Eliye, the acting prefect of Yizhou Elila, and the magistrate of Chuqiu Liu Chunge were convicted of corruption. The emperor wished to publish their crimes at home and abroad, but Chief Councilor Shoudao objected. The emperor asked Ziping, "What do you think?" Ziping said, "I have heard that punishing one man warns a hundred—Your Majesty should certainly do this." The emperor said, "It shall be so." An edict was duly promulgated.
13
宋人于襄陽漢江上造舟為浮梁三，南京統軍司聞而奏之，上問宰臣曰：「卿等度之，以為何如？」 子平曰：「臣聞襄陽薪芻，皆於江北取之，殆為此也。」 上曰：「朕與卿等治天下，當治其未然。 及其有事，然後治之，則亦晚矣。」 河南統軍使宗敘求入見奏邊事，上使修起居注粘割斡特剌就問狀。 宗敘言：「得邊報及宋來歸者言，宋國調兵募民，運糧餉，完城郭，造戰船浮橋，兵馬移屯江北。 自和議後即罷制置司，今複置矣。 商、虢、海州皆有奸人出沒，此不可不備。 嘗報樞密院，彼視以為文移，故欲入見言之。」 斡特剌召凡言邊事者詰問，皆無實狀，行至境上，問知襄陽浮橋乃樵采之路，如子平策。 還奏。 詔凡妄說邊關兵事者徒二年，告人得實，賞錢五百貫。
The Song built boats on the Han River at Xiangyang and laid three pontoon bridges; the Nanjing command reported it, and the emperor asked his ministers, "What do you make of this?" Ziping said, "I have heard that Xiangyang draws all its firewood and fodder from the north bank of the river—this is probably why." The emperor said, "You and I govern the realm; we should act before trouble appears. If we wait until trouble has already come, it will be too late." The Henan commander Zong Xu asked for an audience to report border affairs, and the emperor sent diarist Jiageduo Wotela to investigate on the spot. Zong Xu reported, "Border reports and defectors from the Song say that the Song are mobilizing troops and conscripts, shipping grain, repairing walls and cities, building warships and pontoon bridges, and moving forces to camps north of the river. Since the peace treaty the Pacification Commission had been abolished; now it had been restored. Traitors were active in Shang, Guo, and Haizhou—this had to be guarded against. He had reported to the Bureau of Military Affairs, but they treated it as routine paperwork, so he wanted an audience to speak directly." Wotela summoned everyone who had reported border troubles and questioned them; none had substance. At the frontier he learned that the Xiangyang pontoon bridges were only firewood-gathering routes, exactly as Ziping had guessed. He returned and reported. An edict sentenced anyone who falsely reported border military affairs to two years' penal service and offered five hundred strings of cash to informers whose reports proved true.
14
上問宰臣曰：「祭宗廟用牛。 牛盡力稼穡有功於人，殺之何如？」 子平對曰：「惟天地宗廟用之，所以異大祀之禮也。」
The emperor asked his ministers, "Sacrifices to the ancestral temple use oxen. Oxen exhaust themselves in the fields and do great service to mankind—what of killing them?" Ziping replied, "They are used only for Heaven, Earth, and the ancestral temple, which distinguishes these rites from ordinary great sacrifices."
15
十一年，罷為南京留守，未幾致仕。 十五年，起為平陽尹，複致仕。 二十六年，薨於家。
In the eleventh year he was relieved and made Nanjing garrison commander; he retired soon after. In the fifteenth year he was recalled as prefect of Pingyang and retired again. In the twenty-sixth year he died at home.
16
孟浩，字浩然，濼州人。 遼末年登進士第。 天會三年，為樞密院令史，除平州觀察判官。 天眷初，選入元帥府備任使，承制除歸德少尹，充行台吏、禮部郎中，入為戶部員外郎、郎中。 韓企先為相，拔擢一時賢能，皆置機要，浩與田瑴皆在尚書省，瑴為吏部侍郎，浩為左司員外郎。 既典選，善銓量人物，分別賢否，所引用皆君子。 而蔡松年、曹望之、許霖皆小人，求與瑴相結，瑴薄其為人拒之。 松年，蔡靖子。 靖將兵不能守燕山，終敗宋國，瑴頗以此譏斥松年，松年初事宗弼於行台省，以微巧得宗弼意，宗弼當國，引為刑部員外郎。 望之為尚書省都事，霖為省令史。 皆怨瑴等，時時毀短之于宗弼，凡與瑴善者皆指以為朋黨。 韓企先疾病，宗弼往問之，是日，瑴在企先所，聞宗弼至，知其惡己，乃自屏以避。 宗弼曰：「丞相年老且疾病，誰可繼丞相者？」 企先舉瑴，而宗弼先入松年譖言，謂企先曰：「此輩可誅。」 瑴聞流汗浹背。 企先薨，瑴出為橫海軍節度使。 選人龔夷鑒除名，值赦，赴吏部銓，得預覃恩。 瑴已除橫海，部吏以夷鑒白瑴，瑴乃倒用月日署之。 許霖在省典覃恩，行台省工部員外郎張子周素與瑴有怨，以事至京師，微知夷鑒覃恩事，嗾許霖發之，樉以專擅朝政。 詔獄鞫之，擬瑴與奚毅、邢具瞻、王植、高鳳庭、王效、趙益興、龔夷鑒死，其妻子及所往來孟浩等三十四人皆徙海上，仍不以赦原。 天下冤之。 世宗在熙宗時，知田瑴黨事皆松年等構成之。 而浩等三十二人遇天德赦令還鄉里，多物故，惟浩與瑴兄谷、王補、馮煦、王中安在。 大定二年，召見，複官爵。 浩為侍御史，谷為大理丞，補為工部員外郎，煦為兵部主事，中安知火山軍事，而浩尋複為右司員外郎。
Meng Hao, whose style name was Haoran, came from Liaozhou. Near the end of the Liao dynasty he passed the jinshi examination. In the third year of Tianhui he served as a clerk in the Bureau of Military Affairs and was appointed observation administrator of Ping Prefecture. At the start of the Tianjuan era he was selected for the Marshal's Office, appointed vice prefect of Guide, served on the Eastern Secretariat staff and as a director in the Ministry of Rites, and was recalled to the capital as vice director and then director in the Ministry of Revenue. When Han Qixian was chief minister he promoted the able men of the day to key posts; Hao and Tian Yue both served in the Imperial Secretariat, Yue as vice minister of personnel and Hao as vice director of the Left Department. In charge of appointments, he was skilled at judging character and distinguishing the worthy from the unworthy; every man he advanced was a gentleman. Cai Songnian, Cao Wangzhi, and Xu Lin were petty men who sought an alliance with Yue, but Yue despised them and refused. Songnian was the son of Cai Jing. Jing had led troops but failed to hold the Yanshan line and ultimately ruined the Song; Yue often taunted Songnian with this. Songnian had first served Zongbi on the Eastern Secretariat staff and won his favor through petty cleverness; when Zongbi held power he was made vice director of the Ministry of Punishments. Wangzhi was chief clerk of the Imperial Secretariat and Lin a secretariat clerk. They resented Yue and his circle and constantly slandered them to Zongbi; anyone friendly with Yue was denounced as part of a faction. When Han Qixian fell ill, Zongbi went to visit him. Yue happened to be there that day; hearing Zongbi arrive and knowing his enmity, Yue withdrew to avoid him. Zongbi asked, "The chief minister is old and ill—who can succeed him?" Qixian recommended Yue, but Zongbi had already been primed by Songnian's slanders and told him, "These men deserve death." Yue, overhearing, broke out in a cold sweat. After Qixian died, Yue was posted as military commissioner of the Henghai army. The candidate Gong Yijian had been struck from the rolls; when an amnesty was declared he went to the Ministry for selection and was allowed to share in the general grace. Yue had already been appointed to Henghai; a staff clerk reported Yijian's case to him, and Yue signed the order with the month and day reversed. Xu Lin oversaw the general grace in the Secretariat; Zhang Zizhou of the Eastern Secretariat Works office, who bore a grudge against Yue, came to the capital on business, learned of the Yijian affair, and urged Xu Lin to expose it, accusing Yue of usurping court authority. An imperial prison inquiry was ordered; death was proposed for Yue, Xi Yi, Xing Juzhan, Wang Zhi, Gao Fengting, Wang Xiao, Zhao Yixing, and Gong Yijian; their families and thirty-four associates including Meng Hao were exiled to the coast, with no amnesty allowed. The empire regarded the case as a gross injustice. Even under Emperor Xizong, Emperor Shizong had known the Tian Yue faction case was fabricated by Songnian and his allies. Hao and thirty-one others returned home under the Tiande amnesty; many had died en route, and only Hao, Yue's elder brother Gu, Wang Bu, Feng Xu, and Wang Zhong'an survived. In the second year of Dading they were summoned to court and their offices and titles were restored. Hao was made attendant censor, Gu a judge of the Court of Judicial Review, Bu vice director of works, Xu a secretary in the Ministry of War, and Zhong'an military administrator of Huoshan; Hao was soon restored as vice director of the Right Department.
17
浩篤實，遇事輒言，無所隱。 上嘉其忠，每對大臣稱之。 有疾，求外補，除祁州刺史，致仕，歸。 七年，起為禦史中丞，而浩已年老，世宗以不次用之，再閱月，拜參知政事。 故事，無自中丞拜執政者，浩辭曰：「不次之恩，非臣所敢當。」 上曰：「卿自刺史致仕，除中丞，國家用人，豈拘階次？ 卿公正忠勤，雖年高猶可宣力數年，朕思之久矣。」 浩頓首謝。
Hao was forthright and honest; whenever an issue arose he spoke his mind without concealment. The emperor prized his loyalty and often praised him to the chief ministers. When he fell ill he sought a provincial post, was made prefect of Qi, retired, and went home. In the seventh year he was recalled as censor-in-chief; though Hao was already old, Emperor Shizong promoted him out of rank, and within two months he was made vice grand councilor. By precedent no censor-in-chief had ever been made a councilor; Hao declined, saying, "Such extraordinary favor is more than I dare accept." The emperor said, "You retired as a prefect and were made censor-in-chief—when the state employs men, must it be bound by rank? You are upright, loyal, and diligent; though you are old you can still serve for years—I have had this in mind for a long time." Hao kowtowed in thanks.
18
世宗敕有司東宮涼樓增建殿位，浩諫曰：「皇太子義兼臣子，若所居與至尊宮室相侔，恐制度未宜，固宜示以儉德。」 上曰：「善。」 遂罷其役，因謂太子曰：「朕思漢文純儉，心常慕之，汝亦可以為則也。」 未幾，皇太子生日，上宴群臣於東宮，以大玉杓、黃金五百兩賜丞相志甯，顧謂群臣曰：「卿等能立功，朕亦褒賞如此。」 又曰：「參政孟浩公正敢言，自中丞為執政。 卿等能如是，朕亦不次用之。」 世宗嘗曰：「女直本尚純樸，今之風俗，日薄一日，朕甚憫焉。」 浩對曰：「臣四十年前在會寧，當時風俗與今日不同，誠如聖訓。」 上曰：「卿舊人，固知之。」 上謂宰臣曰：「宋前廢帝呼其叔湘東王為'豬王'，食之以牢，納之泥中，以為戲笑。 書于史策，所以勸善而懲惡也。 海陵以近習掌記注，記注不明，當時行事，實錄不載，眾人共知之者求訪書之。」 浩對曰：「良史直筆，君舉必書。 帝王不自觀史，記注之臣乃得盡其直筆。」 浩複奏曰：「曆古以來，不明賞罰而能治者，未之聞也。 國家賞善罰惡，蓋亦多矣，而天下莫能知。 乞自今凡賞功罰罪，皆具事狀頒告之，使君子知勸以遷善，小人知懼以自警。」 從之。 進尚書右丞，兼太子少傅。 罷為真定尹，上曰：「卿年雖老，精神不衰，善治軍民，毋遽言退。」 以通犀帶賜之。 十三年，薨。
Emperor Shizong ordered additional halls built at the crown prince's summer pavilion; Hao remonstrated, "The crown prince is subject as well as heir; if his residence rivals the emperor's palaces, the regulations are wrong—he should be shown the virtue of frugality." The emperor said, "Well said." The work was halted, and he told the crown prince, "I often think of Emperor Wen of Han's pure frugality and admire it—you too should take him as your model." Soon afterward, at the crown prince's birthday feast in the Eastern Palace, he gave Chief Councilor Zhining a great jade ladle and five hundred taels of gold and told the assembled ministers, "If you achieve merit, I will reward you just as generously." He added, "Vice Councilor Meng Hao is upright and outspoken—I promoted him from censor-in-chief to the council. If any of you can do the same, I will promote you out of rank as well." Emperor Shizong once said, "The Jurchen once prized simplicity, but customs grow more corrupt by the day, and I deeply regret it." Hao replied, "Forty years ago I was at Huining; customs then were not what they are today—exactly as Your Majesty says." The emperor said, "You are an old hand—you know it well." The emperor told his ministers, "The deposed Song emperor called his uncle the Prince of Xiangdong the 'Pig King,' fed him from a sty, pushed him into the mud, and laughed at him. Such deeds are written in the histories to encourage good and warn against evil. Hailing had his intimates keep the court diary, and the entries were unclear; events of his reign were omitted from the Veritable Records—what everyone knew should be sought out and recorded." Hao replied, "A good historian writes without fear—the ruler's every act is recorded. Only when emperors do not read the history themselves can the diarists write with full honesty." Hao further memorialized, "From antiquity until now I have never heard of a ruler who could govern without clear rewards and punishments. The state rewards the good and punishes the wicked in many cases, yet the empire does not hear of them. I ask that henceforth every reward and punishment be announced with a full statement of the facts, so that gentlemen are encouraged toward virtue and petty men are warned to restrain themselves." The emperor agreed. He was promoted to right vice director of the Imperial Secretariat and concurrently junior tutor to the crown prince. He was relieved and made prefect of Zhending; the emperor said, "Though you are old, your spirit is undiminished—govern the troops and people well and do not be quick to speak of retirement." He was given a rhinoceros-horn belt. In the thirteenth year he died.
19
附田瑴
Appended: Tian Yue
20
田瑴自大理丞累官同知中京留守，終於利涉軍節度使。
Tian Yue rose from judge of the Court of Judicial Review through successive posts to acting garrison commander of the Central Capital and ended as military commissioner of the Lishe army.
21
二十九年，章宗詔尚書省曰：「故吏部侍郎田瑴等皆中正之士，小人以朋黨陷之，由是得罪。 世宗用孟浩為右丞，當時在者俱已用之，亡者未加追複，其議以聞。」 張汝霖奏曰：「瑴專權樹黨，先朝已正罪名，莫不稱當。 今追贈官爵，恐無懲勸。」 汝霖先朝大臣，嘗與顧命，上初即位，不肯輒逆其意，謂之曰：「卿既以為不可，姑置之。」 蓋張浩與蔡松年友善，故汝霖猶擠之也。 汝霖死後，章宗複詔尚書省曰：「蓋自田瑴黨事之後，有官者以為戒，惟務苟且，習以成風。 先帝知瑴等無罪，錄用生存之人，有擢至宰執者，其次有為節度、防禦、刺史者。 其死者猶未追複，子孫猶在編戶，朕甚憫焉。 惟旌賢顯善，無間存沒，宜推先帝所以褒錄忠直之意，並加恩恤，以勵風俗。 據田瑴一起人除已敘用外，但未經任用身死，並與復舊官爵。 其子孫當時已有官職，以父祖坐党因而削除者，亦與追複。 應合追複爵位人等子孫不及廕敘者，亦皆量與恩例。」
In the twenty-ninth year Emperor Zhangzong ordered the Imperial Secretariat, "The late Vice Minister of Personnel Tian Yue and others were upright men whom petty men destroyed as a faction, and so they were punished. Emperor Shizong had employed Meng Hao as right vice director; those who survived were all re-employed, but the dead had not been posthumously restored—report your deliberations." Zhang Rulin memorialized, "Yue monopolized power and built a faction; the previous court already fixed their guilt, and everyone agreed it was just. To posthumously restore their titles now would destroy any deterrent effect." Rulin was a former minister who had shared the deathbed charge; the new emperor would not lightly oppose him and said, "Since you object, leave the matter for now." Zhang Hao had been friendly with Cai Songnian, which is why Rulin still opposed the restoration. After Rulin died, Zhangzong again ordered the Imperial Secretariat, "Since the Tian Yue faction affair, officials have taken warning and pursued only expediency until it became custom. The late emperor knew Yue and the others were innocent; he employed the survivors, some to the council, others as military commissioners, defense commissioners, or prefects. The dead have not been posthumously restored and their descendants remain on the common registers—I deeply pity them. In honoring the worthy, living or dead, we should carry forward the late emperor's intent to reward the loyal and upright, grant them favor, and thereby improve public morals. Apart from members of the Tian Yue group already re-employed, all who died before receiving appointment shall have their former offices and titles restored. Descendants who had held office but were removed because their fathers or grandfathers were punished in the faction case shall also be restored. Where descendants of those entitled to restoration did not receive inherited privilege, they shall all be granted favor as appropriate."
22
梁肅，字孟容，奉聖州人。 自幼勤學，夏夜讀書，往往達旦，母葛氏常滅燭止之。 天眷二年，擢進士第，調平遙縣主簿，遷望都、絳縣令。 以廉，入為尚書省令史。 除定海軍節度副使，改中都警巡使，遷山東西路轉運副使。 營治汴宮，肅分護役事。 攝大名少尹。 正隆末，境內盜起，驅百姓平人陷賊中不能自辨者數千人，皆系大名獄。 肅到官，考驗得其情讞，出者十八九。 大定二年，宛平趙植上書曰：「頃者，正隆任用閹寺，少府少監兼上林署令胡守忠因緣巧幸，規取民利。 前薊州刺史完顏守道、前中都警巡使梁肅，勤恪清廉，願加進擢。」 於是守忠落少監，守道自濱州刺史召為諫議大夫，肅中都轉運副使改大興少尹。
Liang Su, whose style name was Mourong, came from Fengsheng Prefecture. From childhood he studied hard; on summer nights he often read until dawn, and his mother Lady Ge would snuff the lamp to make him stop. In the second year of Tianjuan he passed the jinshi examination, served as registrar of Pingyao County, and was transferred to magistrate of Wangdu and Jiang counties. His integrity won him a post as clerk in the Imperial Secretariat. He was made deputy military commissioner of the Dinghai army, then Central Capital patrol commissioner, and then deputy transport commissioner of the Shandong West Circuit. When the Bian palaces were being rebuilt, Su helped supervise the work. He served as acting vice prefect of Daming. At the end of the Zhenglong era bandits rose within the borders; thousands of common people driven into their ranks and unable to prove their innocence were held in the Daming jail. When Su took office he reviewed the cases and secured the true verdicts; eight or nine out of ten were released. In the second year of Dading Zhao Zhi of Wanping memorialized, "Under Zhenglong eunuchs were employed; Hu Shouzhong, vice supervisor of the Palace Workshops and director of the Imperial Park, used his position to squeeze profit from the people. The former prefect of Ji Wanyan Shoudao and the former Central Capital patrol commissioner Liang Su are diligent and incorrupt—I ask that they be promoted." Shouzhong was demoted from vice supervisor; Shoudao was recalled from prefect of Bin to Remonstrating Grand Master; and Su was transferred from deputy transport commissioner of the Central Capital to vice prefect of Daxing.
23
肅上疏言：「方今用度不足，非但邊兵耗費而已。 吏部以常調除漕司僚佐，皆年老資高者為之，類不稱職。 臣謂凡軍功、進士諸科、門廕人，知錢谷利害，能使國用饒足而不傷民者，許上書自言。 就擇其可用，授以職事。 每五年委吏部通校有無水旱屯兵，視其增耗而黜陟之。 自漢武帝用桑弘羊始立榷酤法，民間粟麥歲為酒所耗者十常二三。 宜禁天下酒麴，自京師及州郡官務，仍舊不得酤販出城。 其縣鎮鄉村，權行停止。」 不報。
Su memorialized, "Expenditures are insufficient today, and not only because of border armies. The Ministry of Personnel fills transport-office posts by routine transfer with the oldest and most senior men, who are mostly unfit for the work. I propose that men of military merit, jinshi of various examinations, and yin privilege who understand fiscal affairs and can enrich the treasury without harming the people be allowed to submit memorials on their own behalf. Choose the able among them and assign them duties. Every five years the Ministry should review drought, flood, and garrison costs and promote or demote officials according to results. Ever since Emperor Wu of Han employed Sang Hongyang and established the wine monopoly, two or three tenths of the people's yearly grain and wheat have been consumed in brewing. He proposed banning brewer's grain empire-wide; at the capital and at prefectural government monopolies, wine should as before be barred from sale outside the walls. In counties, market towns, and villages, the monopoly should be suspended for the time being." The memorial received no response.
24
三年，坐捕蝗不如期，貶川州刺史，削官一階，解職。 上禦便殿，召左諫議大夫奚籲、翰林待制劉仲誨，秘書少監移剌子敬，訪問古今事。 少間，籲從容請曰：「梁肅材可惜，解職太重。」 上曰：「卿言是也。」 乃除河北東路轉運副使。 是時，窩斡亂後，兵食不足，詔肅措置沿邊兵食。 移牒肇州、北京、廣甯鹽場，許民以米易鹽，兵民皆得其利。 四年，通檢東平、大名兩路戶籍物力，稱其平允。 他使者所至皆以苛刻增益為功，百姓訴苦之。 朝廷敕諸路以東平、大名通檢為准，於是始定。
In the third year he was demoted to prefect of Chuanzhou and stripped of one rank for failing to complete locust control on schedule, and removed from office. The emperor held audience in the side hall and summoned Left Remonstrating Grand Master Xi Yu, Hanlin awaiting-edict Liu Zhonghui, and Vice Director of the Secretariat Yila Zijing to discuss affairs past and present. After a while Xi Yu said calmly, "Liang Su's talent is too good to waste—the dismissal was too harsh." The emperor said, "You are right." Su was then appointed deputy transport commissioner of the Hebei East Circuit. After the Wohe rebellion military supplies ran short, and the court ordered Su to organize provisions along the frontier. He notified the salt offices at Zhao, Beijing, and Guangning to let people trade grain for salt, to the benefit of troops and civilians alike. In the fourth year he inspected household registers and property assessments in the Dongping and Daming circuits and was praised for fairness. Other inspectors everywhere inflated assessments harshly to claim credit, and the people protested bitterly. The court ordered all circuits to follow the Dongping and Daming model, and the standard was fixed.
25
七年，父憂去官。 起複都水監。 河決李固，詔肅視之，還奏：「決河水六分，舊河水四分。 今障塞決河，複故道為一，再決而南則南京憂，再決而北則山東、河北皆可憂。 不若止于李固南築堤，使兩河分流，以殺水勢便。」 上從之。
In the seventh year he left office to observe mourning for his father. He was recalled from mourning to serve as Director of the Directorate of Waterways. When the Yellow River broke at Liguo, the emperor sent Su to inspect it; on his return he reported, "Six-tenths of the flow now runs through the breach and four-tenths through the old channel. If we dam the breach and force the river back into a single channel, another break to the south would endanger Nanjing, and another to the north would threaten Shandong and Hebei alike. It would be better to build a dike south of Liguo and let the two channels carry the flow separately, easing the force of the water." The emperor accepted his advice.
26
改大理卿。 尚輦局本把石抹阿裏哥與釘鉸匠陳外兒共盜宮中造車銀釘葉，肅以阿裏哥監臨，當首坐。 他寺官以陳外兒為首，抵死。 上曰：「罪疑惟輕，各免死，徒五年，除名。」 于時，東京久不治，上自擇肅為同知東京留守事。 遷中都都轉運使，轉吏部尚書。 上疏論台諫，其大旨謂：「台官自大夫至監察，諫官自大夫至拾遺，陛下宜親擇，不可委之宰相，恐樹私恩，塞言路也。」 上嘉納之。 複請奴婢不得服羅，上曰：「近已禁奴婢服明金矣，可漸行之。」 肅舉同安主簿高旭，除平陽酒使，肅奏曰：「明君用人，必器使之。 旭儒士，優於治民，若使坐列肆，榷酒酤，非所能也。 臣愚以為諸道鹽鐵使依舊文武參注，其酒稅使副以右選三差俱最者為之。」 上曰：「善。」 改刑部尚書。
He was transferred to Minister of Justice. Shimao Alige, head corporal of the Palace Chariot Bureau, and nail-smith Chen Wai'er had together stolen silver fittings for palace carts; Su ruled that Alige, as supervisor, bore principal guilt. Officials at other bureaus made Chen Wai'er the principal offender and sought the death penalty. The emperor said, "In doubtful cases favor the lighter penalty—spare them death, sentence each to five years' penal servitude, and strike their names from the rolls." Eastern Capital had long been poorly governed; the emperor personally chose Su as associate regent there. He was promoted to chief transport commissioner of the Central Capital, then appointed Minister of Personnel. Su memorialized on the Censorate and remonstrance offices, arguing that the emperor should personally select censors and remonstrators at every rank rather than leave the choice to the chief councillor, lest private favors block the path of frank counsel." The emperor commended the advice and adopted it. He again asked that servants be forbidden to wear gauze silk; the emperor said, "We have already forbidden servants to wear bright gold—this can be phased in gradually." Su had recommended Tong'an registrar Gao Xu, who was appointed wine commissioner of Pingyang; Su objected, "A wise ruler assigns each man to a role that fits his abilities. Gao Xu is a scholar better suited to governing people than to sitting in a shop running the wine monopoly—he is not fit for that work. I suggest that circuit salt and iron commissioners continue to be drawn from both civil and military ranks, while wine-tax deputies should be chosen from those who rank highest in three successive evaluations of the right-hand selection process." The emperor said, "Good." He was transferred to Minister of Punishments.
27
宋主屢請免立受國書之儀，世宗不從。 及大興尹璋為十四年正旦使，宋主使人就館奪其書，而重賂之。 璋還，杖一百五十，除名。 以肅為宋國詳問使，其書略曰：「盟書所載，止於帝加皇字，免奉表稱臣稱名再拜，量減歲幣，便用舊儀，親接國書。 茲禮一定，於今十年。 今知歲元國信使到彼，不依禮例引見，輒令迫取于館，侄國禮體當如是耶？ 往問其詳，宜以誠報。」 肅至宋，宋主一一如約，立接國書。 肅還，附書謝，其略曰：「侄宋皇帝謹再拜，致書于叔大金應天興祚欽文廣武仁德聖孝皇帝闕下。 惟十載遵盟之久，無一毫成約之違，獨顧禮文，宜存折衷。 矧辱函封之貺，尚循躬受之儀，既俯迫於輿情，嘗屢伸於誠請，因歲元之來使，遂商榷以從權。 敢勞將命之還，先布鄙悰之懇，自余專使肅控請祈。」 肅還至泗州，先遣都管趙王府長史駝滿蒲馬入奏。 世宗大喜，欲以肅為執政，左丞相良弼曰：「梁肅可相，但使宋還即為之，宋人自此輕我矣。」 上乃止。
The Song emperor repeatedly asked to be excused from standing to receive the Jin state letter in person; Emperor Shizong refused. When Vice Prefect Zhang of Daxing went as New Year's envoy in the fourteenth year, the Song emperor had men seize the state letter at his lodge while showering him with heavy bribes. On his return Zhang was beaten one hundred fifty strokes and dismissed from office. Su was appointed envoy to inquire of the Song; his letter in essence read, "The treaty provides only that the Song emperor's title include the character for emperor, that he be spared memorial submission with 'your subject,' his personal name, and double obeisance, that tribute be reduced, that former ceremony be used, and that he receive our state letter in person. That ceremony has been settled for ten years now. Yet when this year's New Year credence envoy arrived, you did not receive him by ritual precedent but had the letter seized at his lodge—should a nephew state treat its uncle's envoy so? Go and inquire into the matter; answer honestly." In Song the emperor complied in full and stood to receive the state letter. On his return a thank-you letter was attached, reading in part, "Nephew, the Song emperor, bows again and again and addresses this letter to uncle, the Great Jin emperor—Heaven's Mandate, Fortune Raised, Culture Exalted, Arms Magnified, Benevolent in Virtue, Sacred in Filial Piety—below your exalted throne. For ten years we have kept the alliance without the slightest breach of our agreements; on ritual forms alone, allowance should be made. Honored by your sealed dispatch, we nevertheless tried to follow the ceremony of receiving it in person; bowing to public sentiment and our repeated sincere requests, we discussed the matter with your New Year's envoy and agreed on an expedient compromise. I take the liberty of conveying through the envoy you sent this humble plea in advance; a special envoy will follow to present our remaining requests." Su reached Sizhou on his return and first sent Chief Controller and Zhao Prince chief steward Tuoman Puma to report to court. Emperor Shizong was delighted and wished to make Su chief councillor; Left Chief Councillor Liangbi said, "Liang Su is fit to serve as prime minister, but if you appoint him the moment he returns from Song, the Song will henceforth despise us." The emperor dropped the idea.
28
久之，為濟南尹，上疏曰：「刑罰世輕世重，自漢文除肉刑，罪至徒者帶鐐居役，歲滿釋之，家無兼丁者，加杖准徒。 今取遼季之法，徒一年者杖一百，是一罪二刑也，刑罰之重，於斯為甚。 今太平日久，當用中典，有司猶用重法，臣實痛之。 自今徒罪之人，止居作，更不決杖，」不報。
After some time he became intendant of Jinan and memorialized, "Punishments have varied in severity from age to age; since Emperor Wen of Han abolished mutilation, those sentenced to penal servitude wore shackles and labored until the term ended, with beating added in place of servitude for households without a spare adult male. We now follow late Liao law, under which one year of servitude carries one hundred strokes of the rod—one crime, two punishments—and never was the penalty heavier. After so long a peace we should apply the middle standard of punishment, yet the offices still apply harsh law, which grieves me greatly. From now on let those guilty of servitude crimes labor only and no longer be beaten with the rod." The memorial received no response.
29
未幾，致仕，起複彰德軍節度使，召拜參知政事。 上謂侍臣曰：「梁肅以治入異等，遂至大任，廉吏亦可以勸矣。」 肅奏：「漢之羽林，皆通《孝經》。 今之親軍，即漢之羽林也。 臣乞每百戶賜《孝經》一部，使之教讀，庶知臣子之道，其出職也，可知政事。」 上曰：「善，人之行，莫大於孝，亦由教而後能。」 詔與護衛俱賜焉。 複上奏曰：「方今斗米三百，人已困餓，以錢難得故也。 計天下歲入二千萬貫以上，一歲之用餘千萬。 院務坊場及百姓合納錢者，通減數百萬。 院務坊場可折納穀帛，折支官兵俸給，使錢布散民間，稍稍易得。」 上曰：「懸欠院務，許折納，可也。」
Before long he retired, then was recalled from mourning as military commissioner of the Zhangde army and summoned to serve as vice grand councilor. The emperor told his attendants, "Liang Su's excellence in governance earned him extraordinary promotion to high office—honest officials can take heart from his example." Su said, "The Han Huben Guard all studied the Classic of Filial Piety. Our Imperial Guard today are the Han Huben Guard in function. I ask that each company of a hundred households be given a copy of the Classic of Filial Piety and taught to read it, so they may learn the duties of a subject; when they leave service they will better understand governance." The emperor said, "Good—no conduct surpasses filial piety, and only through teaching can men achieve it." An edict ordered that the Guards receive copies as well. He memorialized again, "A dou of rice now costs three hundred cash and the people are starving because money is so scarce. The empire takes in more than twenty million strings a year, yet after a year's spending more than ten million remain in the treasury. Reduce by several million the cash owed by monopoly bureaus, workshops, and common taxpayers alike. Let bureaus and workshops pay in grain and cloth, use it to pay troop and official salaries, and spread coin among the people so cash becomes easier to obtain." The emperor said, "For bureaus with outstanding debts, substitute payment may be allowed."
30
肅上疏論生財舒用八事。 一曰罷隨司通事； 二曰罷酒稅司杓欄人； 三曰天水郡王本族已無在者，其餘皆遠族，可罷養濟； 四曰裁減隨司契丹吏員； 五曰罷榷醋，以利與民； 六曰量減鹽價，使私鹽不行，民不犯法； 七曰隨路酒稅許折納諸物； 八曰今歲大稔，乞廣糴粟麥，使錢貨流出。 上曰：「趙氏養濟一事，乃國家美政，不可罷。 其七事，宰相詳議以聞。」 上又曰：「朕在位二十餘年，鑒海陵之失，屢有改作，亦不免有繆戾者，卿等悉心奏之。」 肅論「正員官被差，權攝官有公罪，及正員還任，皆准去官勿論，往往其人苟且，不事其事。 乞于縣令中留十人備差，無差正員官。」 上曰：「自今權攝有公罪，正員雖還而本職未替者，勿以去官論之。」 肅曰：「誠如聖旨。」 肅與宰相奏事，既罷，肅跪而言曰：「四時畋獵，雖古禮，聖人亦以為戒。 陛下春秋高，屬時嚴寒，馳聘于山林之間。 法宮燕處，亦足怡神，願為宗社自重，天下之福也。」 上曰：「朕諸子方壯，使之習武，故時一往爾。」
Su memorialized on eight measures to increase revenue and ease fiscal pressure. First, abolish the circuit liaison clerks; Second, abolish the wine-tax bureau ladle-gate men; Third, the Tian Shui Prince's main line is extinct and the survivors are distant kin—their maintenance stipends may be abolished; Fourth, cut the Khitan clerks attached to circuit offices; Fifth, abolish the vinegar monopoly for the people's benefit; Sixth, lower salt prices moderately so private salt cannot compete and the people need not violate the law; Seventh, allow wine taxes on each circuit to be paid in kind; Eighth, with this year's abundant harvest, buy grain and wheat widely so money circulates into the countryside. The emperor said, "Support for the Zhao clan is a fine state policy and must not be abolished. The other seven proposals the chief councillors should review in detail and report." The emperor added, "I have reigned more than twenty years, taking Hailing's failures as my lesson and reforming again and again, yet I am not free of mistakes—report to me with full candor." Su argued that when a regular official is on detached duty and an acting substitute commits a public offense, the case is dismissed once the regular official returns, so men often grow careless and neglect their work. He asked that ten county magistrates be kept in reserve for temporary assignments rather than sending regular incumbents." The emperor said, "From now on, if an acting official commits a public offense, do not dismiss the case as 'left office' even when the regular official has returned but not yet been replaced." Su said, "Indeed, as Your Majesty commands." After Su and the chief councillors had finished their business, Su knelt and said, "Seasonal hunting was ancient ritual, yet even the sages warned against it. Your Majesty is advanced in years, and the season is bitterly cold—yet you gallop through the mountain forests. Resting peacefully in the inner palace would suffice to refresh your spirits; for the sake of the realm, guard your health—that would bless the empire." The emperor said, "My sons are just coming of age; I take them out now and then to train in arms—that is all."
31
同知震武軍節度使鄧秉鈞陳言四事，其一言外多闕官，及循資擬注不得人，上以問宰相張汝弼，曰：「循資格行已久，仍舊便。」 肅曰：「不然。 如亡遼固不足道，其用人之法有仕及四十年無敗事，即與節度使，豈必循資哉。」 上曰：「仕四十年已衰老。 察其政績，善者升之，後政再察之，善又升之，如此可以得人，亦無曠事。」 肅曰：「誠如聖訓。」 肅論盜賊不息，請無禁兵器。 上曰：「所在有兵器，其利害如何？」 肅曰：「他路則已，中都一路上農夫聽置之，似乎無害。」 上曰：「朕將思之。」
Deng Bingjun, associate military commissioner of the Zhenwu army, presented four proposals; the first noted many vacant posts abroad and that appointments by seniority alone fail to secure capable men. The emperor asked Chief Councillor Zhang Rubi, who said, "Seniority has long governed appointments; let it continue as before." Su said, "That is not so. The fallen Liao is hardly worth citing, but its method was to grant a military commission to any man who served forty years without a blemish—need promotion follow seniority alone?" The emperor said, "A man who has served forty years is already old. Review his record of governance and promote the able; review his next term and promote again if he excels—thus you will find good men without leaving posts empty." Su said, "Indeed, as Your Majesty teaches." Su argued that banditry never ends and asked that the ban on weapons be lifted. The emperor asked, "Weapons are kept everywhere—what is the benefit and harm of that?" Su said, "Other circuits are another matter, but on the Central Capital route letting farmers keep weapons seems harmless." The emperor said, "I will consider it."
32
凡使宋者，宋人致禮物，大使金二百兩，銀二千兩，副使半之，幣帛雜物稱是。 及推排物力，肅自以身為執政，昔嘗使宋，所得禮物多，當為庶民率先，乃自增物力六十餘貫，論者多之。
Whenever an envoy went to Song, the Song presented gifts: two hundred taels of gold and two thousand taels of silver to the chief envoy, half as much to the deputy, with silks and other goods in proportion. When property assessments were revised, Su, now chief councillor and formerly envoy to Song, had received lavish gifts; to set an example for the people he added more than sixty strings to his own assessment, and many praised him for it.
33
二十三年，肅請老，上謂宰臣曰：「梁肅知無不言，正人也。 卿等知而不言，朕實鄙之。 雖然，肅老矣，宜從其請。」 遂再致仕。 詔以其子汝翼為閣門祗候。 二十八年，薨。 諡正憲。
In the twenty-third year Su asked to retire; the emperor told the chief ministers, "Liang Su speaks his mind on everything—he is an upright man. You who know yet keep silent—I truly despise that. Even so, Su is old; we should grant his request." He retired from office again. An edict appointed his son Ruyi to the post of Gate Attendant. In the twenty-eighth year of Dading he died. He was given the posthumous title Zhengxian ("Upright and Lawful").
34
移剌慥
Yila Zhao
35
移剌慥，本名移敵列，契丹虞呂部人。 通契丹、漢字，尚書省辟契丹令史，攝知除，擢右司都事。 正隆南伐，兼領契丹、漢字兩司都事。 大定二年，除真定少尹，入為侍御史。 母憂去官。 起複右司員外郎，累官陳州防禦使。 左丞相紇石烈良弼致仕，上問：「誰可代卿者？」 對曰：「陳州防禦使移剌慥，清幹忠正，臣不及也。」 遂召為太府監。 改刑部侍郎。
Yila Zhao, whose original name was Yidilie, was a Khitan of the Yulü tribe. Proficient in both Khitan and Chinese writing, he was recruited by the Ministry of Personnel as a Khitan clerk, served in an acting capacity overseeing appointments, and was promoted to Director of the Right Department. During Hailing's southern campaign he concurrently headed both the Khitan-script and Chinese-script bureaus. In the second year of Dading he was appointed Vice Prefect of Zhending and then entered the capital as Attendant Censor. He left office to observe mourning for his mother. Recalled from mourning as Vice Director of the Right Department, he rose through successive posts to Defender of Chen Prefecture. When Left Chief Councillor Heshilie Liangbi retired, the emperor asked, "Who can replace you? Liangbi answered, "Yila Zhao, Defender of Chen—scrupulous, capable, and loyal. I am not his equal. Zhao was therefore summoned and appointed Director of the Imperial Storehouse. He was transferred to Vice Minister of Punishments.
36
十九年，以按出虎等八猛安，自河南徙置大名、東平之境。 還為大理卿，被詔典領更定制條。 初，皇統間，參酌隋、唐、遼、宋律令，以為皇統制條。 海陵虐法，率意更改，或同罪異罰，或輕重不倫，或共條重出，或虛文贅意，吏不知適從，夤緣舞法。 慥取皇統舊制及海陵續降，通類校定，通其窒礙，略其繁碎。 有例該而條不載者，用例補之。 特闕者用律增之。 凡制律不該及疑不能參決者，取旨畫定。 凡特旨處分，及權宜條例內有可常行者，收為永格。 其餘未可削去者，別為一部。 大凡一千一百九十條，為十二卷。 書奏，詔頒行之，賜銀幣有差。 頃之，摘徙山東猛安八謀克于河北東路，置之酬斡、青狗兒兩猛安舊居之地，詔無牛耕者買牛給之。 攝御史大夫。 數月，改禦史中丞，兼同修國史，遷刑部尚書，改吏部尚書。 尋改大興尹。 駕幸上京，顯宗守國，使人諭之曰：「自大駕東巡，京尹所治甚善。 我將有春水之行，當益勤乃事。」 還以所獲鵝鴨賜之。 有疾在告，遣官醫診視。 複為刑部尚書。 上還自上京，以為西京留守，改臨洮尹，卒。
In the nineteenth year, eight meng'an units, including Anchuhu's, were relocated from Henan to the borderlands of Daming and Dongping. He returned to serve as Grand Judge and was ordered to direct the revision of the statutes. Initially, during the Huangtong era, statutes were drawn up by consulting the legal codes of Sui, Tang, Liao, and Song—the Huangtong codes. Hailing had twisted the law at whim—sometimes identical crimes drew different penalties, sometimes punishments were grossly disproportionate, sometimes duplicate articles appeared, sometimes verbiage obscured the point—so clerks no longer knew which rule applied, and patronage networks flourished around the statutes. Zhao took the old Huangtong codes together with Hailing's later supplements, classified and collated them, cleared obstructive passages, and pared away redundancy. Where precedent covered a matter but no statute recorded it, he supplied the gap with precedent. Where a matter was wholly unprovided for, he added provisions from the code. Whatever the statutes and laws did not reach, and whatever doubts could not be settled by consultation, were submitted for imperial decision and marked accordingly. Special imperial orders and expedient regulations that could be applied permanently were collected as enduring precedents. Provisions that could not yet be removed were set apart in a separate section. In all there were 1,190 articles in twelve volumes. When the compilation was submitted, an edict ordered its promulgation, and graded rewards of silver were bestowed. Shortly thereafter eight Shandong meng'an and mouke were selected and relocated to Hebei East Circuit, settled on the former lands of the Chouwo and Qinggou'er meng'an; an edict ordered that households without oxen for plowing were to be supplied with oxen. He served as Acting Censor-in-Chief. After several months he was made Vice Censor-in-Chief and concurrently reviser of the national history, then promoted to Minister of Punishments and transferred to Minister of Personnel. He was soon appointed Prefect of Daxing. When the emperor toured the Supreme Capital, Emperor Xianzong remained to guard the realm; a messenger told him, "Since the imperial procession toured east, your governance of the capital has been excellent. I am about to make a spring hunt on the waters; you should be all the more diligent in your duties." On his return he bestowed on Zhao the geese and ducks taken on the hunt. When he fell ill and took leave, court physicians were sent to examine him. He was again appointed Minister of Punishments. When the emperor returned from the Supreme Capital, Zhao was appointed Western Capital Military Governor, then transferred to Prefect of Linzhou, where he died.
37
移剌子敬
Yila Zijing
38
移剌子敬，字同文，本名屋骨朵魯，遼五院人。 曾祖霸哥，同平章事。 父拔魯，準備任使官。 都統杲克中京，遼主西走，留拔魯督輜重，已而輜重被掠，拔魯乃自髡，逃于山林。 子敬讀書好學，皇統間，特進移剌固修《遼史》，辟為掾屬。 《遼史》成，除同知遼州事。 舊本愩自有占地，歲入數百貫，州官歲取其課，地主以為例，未嘗請辯。 子敬曰：「已有公田，何為更取民田。」 竟不取。 秩滿，郡人請留於行台省，不許。 天德三年，入為翰林修撰，遷禮部郎中。
Yila Zijing, style Tongwen, whose original name was Uguduru, was a native of Liao's Five Circuits. His great-grandfather Bage had served as Associate Grand Councillor. His father Balu was a Prepared Envoy Officer. When Commander-in-Chief Gao captured the Central Capital and the Liao ruler fled west, Balu was left to oversee the baggage train; the train was soon plundered, whereupon Balu shaved his own head and fled into the mountains. Zijing loved reading and study; during Huangtong, when Privy Councillor Yila Gu revised the History of Liao, Zijing was enrolled on his staff as a clerk. When the History of Liao was completed, he was appointed Vice Prefect of Liaozhou. The old temple estates had long held their own land, yielding several hundred strings a year; prefectural officials collected its tax annually, and the landholders had taken this as precedent without ever petitioning to dispute it. Zijing said, "There is already public land—why take the people's land as well?" In the end he did not take it. When his term ended the people of the prefecture asked that he be retained at the Branch Secretariat, but the request was denied. In the third year of Tiande he entered the capital as Hanlin reviser and was promoted to Director of the Ministry of Rites.
39
正隆元年，諸將巡邊，詔子敬監戰，軍帥以戰獲分將士，亦以遺子敬，子敬不受。 及還，入見，海陵謂之曰：「汝家貧而不苟得，不受俘獲，朕甚嘉之。」 凡同行官僚所取者，皆沒入於官。 其後詔子敬宴賜諸部，諭之曰：「凡受進，例遣宰臣，以汝前能稱職，故特命汝。」 使還，遷翰林待制。 大定二年，以待制同修國史。 是時，窩斡餘黨散居諸猛安謀克中，詔子敬往撫之，仍宣諭猛安謀克，及州縣漢人，無以前時用兵相殺傷，挾怨輒害契丹人。 使還，改秘書少監，兼修起居注，修史如故。 詔曰：「以汝博通古今，故以命汝。」 常召入講論古今及時政利害，或至夜半。 子敬有良馬，平章政事完顏元宜索之，子敬以元宜為相也，不與。 至是，元宜乞致仕，罷為東京，子敬乃以此馬贐行，識者韙之。
In the first year of Zhenglong, when the generals toured the frontier, an edict ordered Zijing to supervise the campaign; commanders divided battle spoils among the troops and also offered a share to Zijing, but he refused. On his return, when he was received in audience, Hailing told him, "Your family is poor yet you do not grasp at gain; you refused captives and spoils—I greatly commend this." Whatever his fellow officials on the mission had taken was confiscated to the state. Later an edict ordered Zijing to feast the various tribes and distribute imperial gifts, telling him, "Whenever tribute is received, a chief minister is usually sent; because you previously performed well, you are specially appointed." On his return from the mission he was promoted to Hanlin awaiting-edict. In the second year of Dading he served as awaiting-edict while concurrently revising the national history. At that time remnants of the Wohe rebellion were scattered among the various meng'an and mouke; an edict ordered Zijing to go pacify them and to proclaim to meng'an, mouke, and Han officials of prefectures and counties that they must not, because of past warfare, kill or wound one another or, nursing old grievances, harm Khitan people. On his return he was made Vice Director of the Secretariat, concurrently reviser of the diary of attendance, while continuing his work on the national history as before. An edict said, "Because you are broadly versed in past and present, you are therefore appointed." He was often summoned to discuss past and present and the benefits and harms of current policy, sometimes until midnight. Zijing owned a fine horse; Associate Grand Councillor Wanyan Yuanyi demanded it, but Zijing, because Yuanyi was chief minister, refused. When Yuanyi requested retirement and was sent to the Eastern Capital, Zijing then presented the horse as a parting gift; observers approved.
40
是時，僕散忠義伐宋，宋請和，而書式、疆界未定。 子敬與秘書少監石抹頤、修起居注張汝弼侍便殿，上曰：「宋主求成，反覆無信，喜為誇大。」 子敬對曰：「宋人自來浮辭相欺，來書言海陵敗于採石，大軍北歸，按兵不襲，俾全師而還。 海陵未嘗敗於採石，其譎詐多此類也。 回書宜言往者大軍若令渡江，宋國境土，必為我有。」 上曰：「彼以詭詐，我以誠實，但當以理折之。」 遷右諫議大夫，起居注如故。
At that time Pusann Zhongyi was campaigning against Song; Song sought peace, but the form of diplomatic documents and the boundaries were not yet settled. Zijing, with Vice Director of the Secretariat Shimo Yi and diary reviser Zhang Rubi, attended in the side hall; the emperor said, "The Song ruler seeks peace yet is faithless and changeable, and loves grandiloquence." Zijing replied, "The Song have always deceived with empty words; their letter says Hailing was defeated at Caishi, the great army returned north, held its troops and did not strike, allowing the whole force to return intact. Hailing was never defeated at Caishi; their deceit is mostly of this sort. The reply should say that if in the past the great army had been ordered to cross the Yangzi, Song territory would certainly have been ours." The emperor said, "They use deceit; we use honesty—we need only refute them by reason." He was promoted to Right Remonstrating Grand Master, while retaining his post as diary reviser.
41
上幸西京，州縣官入見，猛安謀克不得隨班。 子敬奏軍民一體，合令猛安謀克隨班入見，上嘉納之，於是責讓宣徽院。 及端午朝會，詔依子敬奏行之。 子敬言山后禁獵地太廣，有妨百姓耕墾，上用其言，遂以四外獵地與民。 遷秘書監，諫議、起居如故。
When the emperor visited the Western Capital, prefectural and county officials were received in audience, but meng'an and mouke commanders could not join the ranks. Zijing memorialized that army and people are one body and that meng'an and mouke ought to join the ranks in audience; the emperor commended and accepted it, and thereupon reprimanded the Palace Secretariat. At the Dragon Boat Festival court assembly an edict ordered that Zijing's memorial be carried out. Zijing said the forbidden hunting grounds north of the mountains were too broad and hindered the people's farming; the emperor accepted his advice and gave the outer four hunting grounds to the people. He was promoted to Director of the Secretariat, while retaining his posts as remonstrator and diary reviser.
42
子敬舉同知宣徽院事移剌神獨斡、兵部侍郎移剌按答，太子少詹事烏古論三合自代，上不許。 子敬與同簽宣徽院事移剌神獨斡侍，上曰：「亡遼不忘舊俗，朕以為是。 海陵習學漢人風俗，是忘本也。 若依國家舊風，四境可以無虞，此長久之計也。」 世宗將如涼陘，子敬與右補闕粘割斡特剌、左拾遺楊伯仁奏曰：「車駕至曷裏滸，西北招討司囿於行宮之內地矣。 乞遷之於界上，以遮罩環衛。」 上曰：「善。」 詔尚書省曰：「招討斜裏虎可徙界上，治蕃部事。 都監撒八仍于燕子城治猛安謀克事。」
Zijing recommended Vice Director of the Palace Secretariat Yila Shenduwo, Vice Minister of War Yila Anda, and Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince Wugulun Sanhe to succeed him; the emperor did not permit it. Zijing attended with Associate Director of the Palace Secretariat Yila Shenduwo; the emperor said, "The fallen Liao did not forget old customs—I approve of that. Hailing studied Han customs—that was forgetting one's roots. If one follows the state's old ways, the four borders can be secure; this is a plan for long endurance." When Emperor Shizong was about to go to Liangyin, Zijing with Right Supplementation Censor Nianzha Wetela and Left Reminder Yang Boren memorialized, "When the imperial carriage reaches Heli Marsh, the Northwestern Pacification Commission will lie within the inner grounds of the traveling palace. We beg that it be moved to the border to screen and guard the encirclement." The emperor said, "Good." An edict to the Ministry of Personnel said, "Pacification Commissioner Xielihu may be moved to the border to govern tribal affairs. Supervisor Saba is still to govern meng'an and mouke affairs at Swallow City."
43
上與侍臣論古之人君賢否，子敬奏曰：「陛下凡與宰臣謀議，不可不令史官知之。」 上曰：「卿言是也。」 轉簽書樞密院事，同修國史，出為河中尹，請老。 河中地熱，上恐子敬不耐暑，改興中尹。 子敬女自懿州來興中省謁，遇盜途中，剽掠其行李且盡，既而還之，謝曰：「我輩初不知為府尹家也，尹有德于民，尚忍侵犯邪。」 徙咸平、廣甯尹。 二十一年，致仕，卒於家，年七十一。 子敬嘗使宋，及受諸部進貢，所受禮物，皆散之親舊。 及卒，家無餘財，其子質宅以營葬事。
When the emperor discussed with attending ministers whether ancient rulers were worthy or not, Zijing memorialized, "Whenever Your Majesty deliberates with chief ministers, the historiographers must not be kept ignorant." The emperor said, "Your words are correct." He was transferred to Deputy Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and continued revising the national history, then went out as Prefect of Hezhong and requested retirement. Hezhong was hot in climate; fearing Zijing could not endure the heat, the emperor transferred him to Prefect of Xingzhong. Zijing's daughter came from Yizhou to Xingzhong to visit her family and met bandits on the road, who plundered her baggage almost entirely; afterward they returned it, apologizing, "We did not know at first that this was the prefect's household; the prefect has virtue toward the people—how could we bear to violate him?" He was transferred to Prefect of Xianping and Guangning. In the twenty-first year he retired from office and died at home, aged seventy-one. Zijing had once been envoy to Song, and when he received tribute from the various tribes the gifts he received were all distributed to kin and friends. When he died the family had no surplus wealth; his son pawned the house to arrange the funeral.
44
贊曰：金制，尚書令、左右丞相、平章政事，是謂宰相； 左右丞、參知政事，是謂執政。 大抵因唐官而稍異焉，因革不同，無足疑者。 《書》曰：「元首明哉，股肱良哉，庶事康哉。」 又曰：「元首叢脞哉，股肱惰哉，萬事隳哉。」 宰相、執政，豈異道邪？ 蘇保衡、翟永固、魏子平、孟浩、梁肅皆當時之賢執政也。 移剌慥、子敬有其才，適其時，而位不及者，亦命也夫。
Commentary: Under Jin institutions, the Ministerial Director, the Left and Right Chief Councillors, and the Associate Grand Councillors are called chief ministers; the Left and Right Vice Councillors and the Participation Councillors are called participating ministers. Broadly they followed Tang offices with slight differences; that institutions evolved differently is nothing to doubt. The Book of Documents says, "The sovereign is discerning! The assistants are good! All affairs are well governed!" It also says, "The sovereign is muddled! The assistants are lazy! All affairs are ruined!" Are chief ministers and participating ministers on a different path? Su Baoheng, Di Yonggu, Wei Ziping, Meng Hao, and Liang Su were all worthy participating ministers of their time. Yila Zhao and Yila Zijing had the talent and met the time, yet did not reach such rank—this too was fate.