Volume 100 Biographies 38: Meng Zhu, Zong Duanxiu, Wan Yanlushan, Lu Duo, Wan Yanbojia, Pai Huyunshou, Zhang Wei, Gao Hong, Li Fuheng

孟鑄，大定末，補尚書省令史。明昌元年，御史台奏薦戶部員外郎李獻可、完顏掃合、太府丞徒單繹、宮籍監丞張庸、右警巡使袞、禮部主事蒲察振壽、戶部主事郭蛻、應奉翰林文字移刺益、中都鹽鐵判官趙皓、尚書省令史劉昂及鑄十一人皆剛正可用。詔除獻可右司諫，掃合磁州刺史，繹秘書丞，庸中都右警巡使，袞彰國軍節度副使，振壽治書侍御史，蛻同知定武軍節度使事，益翰林修撰，皓都水丞，昂戶部主事，鑄刑部主事。累遷中都路按察副使、南京副留守、河平軍節度使。

Meng Zhu entered service late in the Dading reign as a clerk in the Secretariat. In Mingchang 1 (1190), the Censorate recommended eleven men as upright and capable: Li Xiank, vice director of the Ministry of Revenue; Wanyan Saohe; Tushi Dan Yi, vice director of the Grand Treasury; Zhang Yong, supervisor of the palace registry; Gun, right patrol commissioner; Pucha Zhenshou and Guo Tui, clerks of the Ministries of Rites and Revenue; Yila Yi, Hanlin attendant; Zhao Hao, salt and iron commissioner of the central capital; Liu Ang, a Secretariat clerk; and Meng Zhu himself. The throne then appointed them: Xiank as right remonstrator of the Secretariat; Saohe prefect of Cizhou; Yi as director of the Secretariat archive; Yong as right patrol commissioner of the capital; Gun as deputy military commissioner of the Zhangguo army; Zhenshou as supervising secretary; Tui as associate commissioner of the Dingwu army; Yi as Hanlin reviser; Hao as director of waterways; Ang as a revenue clerk; and Zhu as a clerk in the Ministry of Punishments. He rose through the posts of surveillance vice commissioner on the Central Capital circuit, deputy military commissioner at Nanjing, and military commissioner of the Heping army.

泰和四年，入為御史中丞，召見於香閣。上謂鑄曰：「朕自知卿，非因人薦舉也。御史責任甚重，往者台官乃推求細故，彈劾小官，至於巨室重事，則畏徇不言。其勤乃職，無廢朕命。」是歲，自春至夏，諸郡少雨。鑄奏：「今歲愆陽，已近五月，比至得雨，恐失播種之期，可依種麻菜法，擇地形稍下處撥畦種穀，穿土作井，隨宜灌溉。」上從其言，區種法自此始。

In Taihe 4 (1204) he was recalled to serve as censor-in-chief and received in audience at the Fragrant Pavilion. The emperor told him, "I chose you myself—I did not rely on anyone else's recommendation. The censorate carries grave responsibility. Former bureau officials hunted out trifles and impeached petty officers, yet when powerful families and serious matters were involved they shrank back and said nothing. Apply yourself to your office and do not fail my charge." That year rain was scarce across the commanderies from spring into summer. Zhu submitted: "The drought this year has already lasted into late spring. If we wait for rain we may miss the planting season. We could adopt the method used for hemp and vegetable plots—select lower ground, lay out beds for grain, sink wells, and irrigate where needed." The emperor accepted his advice, and compartment planting was introduced from that time.

無何，奏彈知大興府事紇石烈執中過惡，其文略曰：「京師百郡之首，四方取則。知府執中貪殘專恣，不奉法令，自奉聖州罪解以後，怙罪不悛，蒙朝廷恩貸，轉生跋扈。雄州詐奪人馬，平州冒支己俸，無故破魏廷碩家，發其塚墓。拜表以調鷹不赴，祈雨聚妓戲嬉，毆詈同僚，擅令住職，失師帥之體。乞行黜退，以厭人望。」上以執中東宮舊人，頗右之，謂鑄曰：「執中粗人，似有跋扈者。」鑄曰：「明天子在上，豈容有跋扈之臣？」上悟，詔尚書省問之。

Soon afterward he impeached He Shilie Zhizhong, administrator of Daxing prefecture. His memorial in essence read: "The capital stands at the head of the empire's commanderies; all regions look to it as their standard. Prefect Zhizhong is rapacious, brutal, and arbitrary, heedless of law. Since his sentence was remitted at Fengshengzhou he has clung to his offenses without reform; pardoned by the court, he has become only more domineering. At Xiongzhou he seized people's horses by fraud; at Pingzhou he drew salary to which he was not entitled; without cause he ruined Wei Tingshuo's family and desecrated his grave. He excused himself from court on the pretext of training hawks; at a rain ceremony he gathered entertainers for revelry; he assaulted and abused colleagues and on his own authority ordered them to suspend their duties—conduct unworthy of a metropolitan governor. I ask that he be dismissed to satisfy the people's expectations." Zhizhong had been a companion in the heir apparent's household, and the emperor leaned in his favor. He told Zhu, "Zhizhong is a coarse fellow—there may be something overbearing in him." Zhu replied, "With a sage emperor on the throne, how could an overbearing minister be tolerated?" The emperor took his point and ordered the Secretariat to investigate.

泰和五年，唐、鄧、河南屢有警，議者謂宋且敗盟。六年正月，宋賀正旦使陳克俊等朝辭，上使鑄就館諭克俊以國家涵容之意，果不詳此旨，恐兵未可息也。使以上言達宋主。章宗本無意用兵，故再三諭之。

In Taihe 5 (1205) there were repeated alarms along the Tang, Deng, and Henan frontiers, and court opinion held that Song was preparing to break the treaty. In the first month of Taihe 6, when the Song New Year's envoys led by Chen Kejun were taking leave, the emperor sent Zhu to their lodge to convey the court's wish for forbearance—if Song failed to grasp that message, he warned, the fighting might not end. The envoy relayed the message to the Song emperor. Zhangzong had never wished for war and so repeated the admonition again and again.

鑄論提刑司改按察司，差官複察，權削望輕。下尚書省議。參知政事賈鉉奏：「乞差監察時，即別遣官偕往，更不復察，諸疑獄並令按察司從正與決，庶幾可慰人望。」從之。

Zhu argued that renaming the punishment investigation office as the surveillance office and sending separate officers to re-review cases had weakened its standing. The proposal was referred to the Secretariat for discussion. Vice director Jia Xian proposed: "When surveillance officers are sent out, another official should accompany them, but there should be no second review; doubtful cases should be decided on the spot by the surveillance office—that should restore public confidence." The court approved his proposal.

永豐庫官不守宿，因而被盜，上召登聞鼓院官欲有所問，皆不在。上諭鑄曰：「此輩慢法如此，御史台所職何事也！」複諭御史大夫宗肅及鑄曰：「朕聞唐宰相宿省中，卿等所知也。台官、六部官、其餘司局亦嘗宿直。今尚書省左右司官宿直，餘亦當准此。」八年，除絳陽軍節度使。至甯元年，複為御史中丞。

Treasury officers at Yongfeng failed to keep night watch, and the depot was robbed. When the emperor summoned officials of the petition drum court to question them, none were on duty. The emperor told Zhu, "They treat the law with such contempt—what is the censorate for?" He also told censor-in-chief Zong Su and Zhu, "I have heard that Tang chancellors slept overnight in the Secretariat—you know that tradition. Censorate officers, Six Ministries staff, and other agencies once kept night watches as well. The left and right offices of the Secretariat now keep night duty; the rest of you should follow the same rule." In the eighth year of his service he was made military commissioner of the Jiangyang army. In Zhining 1 (1213) he was again appointed censor-in-chief.

紇石烈執中作亂，召鑄及右諫議大夫張行信俱至大興府，問曰：「汝輩向來彈我者耶？」鑄等各以正言答之。執中乃遣還家，曰：「且須後命。」既而執中死，鑄亦尋卒。

When He Shilie Zhizhong rose in rebellion, he summoned Zhu and right remonstrator Zhang Xingxin to Daxing and asked, "Were you the ones who impeached me before?" Zhu and the others answered him forthrightly. Zhizhong sent them home, saying, "Await further orders." Zhizhong was killed soon afterward, and Zhu died not long after.

宗端修

Zong Duanxiu

宗端修，字平叔，汝州人。章宗避睿宗諱上一字，凡太祖諸子皆加「山」為「崇」，改「宗」氏為「姬」氏。端修好學，喜名節，中大定二十二年進士第。明昌間，補尚書省令史。承安元年，監察御史孫椿年、武簡職事不修舉，詔以端修及範鐸代之。是時元妃李氏兄弟干預朝政，端修上書乞遠小人。上遣李喜兒傳詔部端修：「小人為誰，其以姓名對。」端修對曰：「小人者，李仁惠兄弟。」仁惠，喜兒賜名也。喜兒不敢隱，具奏之。上雖責喜兒兄弟，而不能去也。四年，複上書言事，宰相惡之，坐以不經台官直進奏帖，准上書不以實，削一官，期年後敘。章宗知端修不為眾所容，釋之，改大理司直。泰和四年，遷大理丞，召見於香閣。上謂端修曰：「汝前為御史，以幹能見用。汝言多細碎，不究其實，嘗令問汝，亦不汝罪。及為大理司直，乃能稱職，用是擢汝為丞，盡乃心力，惟法是守，勿問上位宰執所見何如，汝其志之！」知大同府紇石烈執中陳言，下大理寺議。端修謂執中言事涉私治罪。詔以端修別出情見不當，與司直溫敦按帶各削一官解職。久之，為節度副使，卒官。

Zong Duanxiu, whose style was Pingshu, came from Ruzhou. To avoid the taboo on Emperor Ruizong's personal name, Zhangzong ordered the character shan changed to chong in the names of all Taizu's sons and the clan name Zong changed to Ji. Duanxiu was studious and cared deeply for honor; he passed the jinshi examination in Dading 22 (1182). During the Mingchang era he became a clerk in the Secretariat. In Cheng'an 1 (1196), surveillance censors Sun Chunnian and Wu Jian were found negligent in office, and Duanxiu and Fan Duo were ordered to replace them. At that time the brothers of Consort Yuan, Lady Li, were meddling in government, and Duanxiu memorialized asking that petty men be kept at a distance. The emperor sent Li Xi'er to question him: "Who are these petty men? Give their names." Duanxiu answered, "The petty men are the brothers Li Renhui." Renhui was the name the throne had bestowed on Xi'er. Xi'er did not dare conceal the charge and reported it in full to the emperor. The emperor rebuked Xi'er and his brothers but could not dismiss them. Four years later he memorialized again on state affairs. The chancellors took offense and punished him for bypassing the censorate with a direct memorial, invoking the statute against unsubstantiated petitions—he was demoted one rank, with reinstatement after a year. Zhangzong knew Duanxiu was unpopular at court and pardoned him, appointing him a director in the Court of Judicial Review. In Taihe 4 he was promoted to vice director of the Court of Judicial Review and received in audience at the Fragrant Pavilion. The emperor told him, "When you served as a censor I valued your ability. Your charges were often petty and not grounded in fact. I had you questioned once but did not punish you. As a judicial director you proved yourself fit for office, and so I promote you to vice director. Give your full effort, uphold the law alone, and pay no heed to what the chancellors above may think—remember that!" He Shilie Zhizhong, administrator of Datong, submitted a petition, and the case was referred to the Court of Judicial Review. Duanxiu ruled that Zhizhong's petition involved private interests and warranted punishment. An edict found Duanxiu's separate opinion improper; he and director Wendantuo Andai were each demoted one rank and dismissed. After some time he was made a deputy military commissioner and died in that post.

端修終以直道不振于時，自守愈篤。妻死不復更娶，獨居二十年，士論高之。汝州司候遊彥哲將之官，問為政。端修曰：「為政不難，治氣養心而已。」彥哲不達，端修曰：「心正則不私，氣平則不暴。為政之術，盡於此矣。」

Because integrity found little reward in his day, Duanxiu held all the more firmly to his principles. After his wife's death he never remarried and lived alone for twenty years, winning high praise among scholars. You Yanjie, a judicial assistant of Ruzhou, was about to take up his post and asked Duanxiu how to govern. Duanxiu said, "Governing is not difficult—it is simply regulating your breath and cultivating your mind." Yanjie did not understand, so Duanxiu explained: "When the mind is upright you will not be partial; when your temper is calm you will not be harsh. The whole art of governing lies in that alone."

完顏閭山

Wanyan Lushan

路鐸，字宣叔，伯達子也。明昌三年，為左三部司正。上書言事，召見便殿，遷右拾遣。明年，盧溝河決，鐸請自玄同口以下、丁村以上無修舊堤，縱使分流，以殺減水勢。詔工部尚書胥持國與鐸同檢視。章宗將幸景明宮，是歲民饑，不可行。御史中丞董師中上書諫，鐸與左補闕許安仁繼之，賜對禦閣。詔尚書省曰：「朕不禁暑熱，欲往山后。今台諫言民間多闕食，朕初不盡知，既已知之，其忍自奉以重困民哉。」乃罷行。

Lu Duo, styled Xuanshu, was the son of Lu Boda. In Mingchang 3 (1192) he served as director of the left three departments. He memorialized on state affairs, was received in the side hall, and was promoted to right supplementation censor. The following year the Lugou River broke its banks. Duo proposed leaving the old dikes unrepaired from Xuankou downstream to Dingcun upstream, allowing the flood to spread and thereby lessen its force. The emperor ordered minister of works Xu Chiguo and Duo to inspect the works together. Zhangzong planned to visit Jingming Palace, but famine that year made the journey impossible. Censor-in-chief Dong Shizhong remonstrated by memorial; Duo and left supplementation censor Xu Anren joined him, and all three were granted audience in the imperial pavilion. An edict to the Secretariat read: "I do not shrink from the summer heat and wished to go to the northern hills. The censors now report widespread hunger among the people. I did not fully understand this before, but now that I do, how could I indulge myself and add to their hardship?" The journey was canceled.

尚書左丞完顏守貞每論政事，守正不移，與同列不合，罷知東平府事，台諫因而擠之。鐸上書論守貞賢，可複用，其言太切，召對於崇政殿。既而章宗以鐸書語大臣，於是尚書左丞烏林答願、參知政事夾穀衡、胥持國奏路鐸以梁冀比右丞相，所言狂妄，不稱諫職。右丞相，夾谷清臣也。上曰：「周昌以傑、紂比漢高祖，高祖不以為忤。路鐸以梁冀比丞相耳。」頃之，守貞入為平章政事。五年，複與禮部尚書張暐、御史中丞董師中、右諫議大夫賈守謙、翰林修撰完顏撒刺諫幸景明宮，語多激切，章宗不能堪，遣近侍局直長李仁願召凡諫北幸者詣尚書省，詔曰：「卿等諫北幸甚善，但其間頗失君臣之體耳。」

Left vice director Wanyan Shouzhen was steadfast in debate and clashed with his colleagues; he was dismissed to govern Dongping, and the censorate used the occasion to force him out. Duo memorialized that Shouzhen was worthy of recall; his language was so blunt that he was summoned to Chongzheng Hall. Zhangzong then showed Duo's memorial to the senior ministers. Left vice director Wulindada Yuan, vice director Jiagu Heng, and Xu Chiguo reported that Duo had likened the right chancellor to the Han tyrant Liang Ji—language so reckless it was unworthy of a remonstrator. The right chancellor was Jiagu Qingchen. The emperor said, "Zhou Chang compared Jie and Zhou to Emperor Gaozu of Han, and Gaozu took no offense. Lu Duo only compared Liang Ji to a chancellor." Soon afterward Shouzhen was recalled as grand councilor. In the fifth year he again joined minister of rites Zhang Wei, censor-in-chief Dong Shizhong, right remonstrator Jia Shouqian, and Hanlin reviser Wanyan Saci in opposing the visit to Jingming Palace. Their language was so sharp that Zhangzong could not bear it. He sent Li Renyuan of the inner service bureau to summon all who had remonstrated to the Secretariat with this message: "Your advice against the northern journey was excellent, but you rather overstepped the bounds between ruler and minister."

是歲，郝忠愈獄起，事密，諫官不能察其詳，議者頗謂事涉鎬王永中，思有以寬解上意。右諫議大夫賈守謙上封事，鐸繼之，尤切直。上優容之，謂鐸曰：「汝言諸王皆有覬心，遊其門者不無橫議，是何言也。但朕不罪諫官耳。」頃之，尚書省奏擬鐸同知河北西路轉運使事，詔再任右拾遺，謂宰相曰：「鐸敢言，但識短耳。朕嘗詰責而氣不沮。」鐸因召對，論宰相權太重。上曰：「凡事由朕，宰相安得權重。」既而複奏曰：「乞陛下勿泄此言，泄則臣齏粉矣。」上曰：「宰相安能齏粉人！」至是，章宗並以此言告宰相，雖留再任，宰相愈銜之。改右補闕。

That year the Hao Zhongyu case broke—a secret affair whose details the remonstrators could not learn. Many believed it implicated Prince Yong of Hao and sought some way to soften the emperor's resolve. Right remonstrator Jia Shouqian submitted a sealed memorial, and Duo followed with an even blunter one. The emperor was indulgent and said to Duo, "You say every prince harbors ambition and that visitors to their households spread reckless talk—what sort of language is that? Still, I do not punish remonstrators." Soon the Secretariat proposed appointing Duo associate transport commissioner of the Hebei West circuit, but an edict kept him as right supplementation censor. The emperor told the chancellors, "Duo is bold in speech, but his judgment is shallow. I have rebuked him, yet his spirit never flags." At a later audience Duo argued that the chancellors held too much power. The emperor said, "All affairs rest with me—how could the chancellors be overpowerful?" Duo then added, "I beg Your Majesty not to repeat what I have said—if you do, I shall be destroyed." The emperor replied, "Chancellors cannot destroy a man!" Yet Zhangzong repeated Duo's warning to the chancellors anyway. Though Duo was kept in office, they resented him all the more. He was transferred to right supplementation censor.

自完顏守貞再入相，以政事為己任，胥持國方幸，尤忌守貞，並忌鐸輩。鐸輩雖嘗為守貞論辨而不相附。鐸論邊防，守貞以為掇拾唐人餘論，皆不行。及守貞持鎬王永中事久不決，鐸等亦上言切諫，並指以為黨。上乃出守貞知濟南府，凡曾薦守貞者皆黜降，謂宰臣曰：「董師中謂台省無守貞不可治，路鐸、李敬義皆稱舉之者。然三人者後俱可用，今姑出之。」上複曰：「路鐸敢言，甚有時名，一旦外補，人將謂朕不能容直臣。可選敢言及才識處鐸右者。」參知政事馬琪奏曰：「鐸雖知無不言，然亦多不當理。」上曰：「諫官非但取敢言，亦須間有出朕意表者，乃有裨益耳。」於是，吏部尚書董師中出為陝西路轉運使，鐸為南京留守判官。戶部郎中李敬義方使高麗還，即出為安化軍節度副使。詔曰：「卿等昨來交薦守貞公正可用，今坐所舉失實耳。」

After Wanyan Shouzhen returned to the chancellery and took charge of policy, Xu Chiguo—then in favor at court—resented him especially and bore equal ill will toward Duo and his colleagues. Though Duo and his fellows had once spoken up for Shouzhen, they did not align themselves with him. When Duo proposed border reforms, Shouzhen dismissed them as recycled Tang platitudes, and none were adopted. As Shouzhen prolonged the case of Prince Yong of Hao, Duo and others remonstrated sharply as well, and all were denounced as a clique. The emperor dismissed Shouzhen to govern Jinan and demoted everyone who had recommended him. He told the chancellors, "Dong Shizhong said the censorate could not function without Shouzhen; Lu Duo and Li Jingyi were among his champions. All three may yet prove useful; for now I am merely sending them out." He added, "Lu Duo is outspoken and widely admired. If I send him to the provinces, people will say I cannot tolerate honest ministers. Find someone as bold and more capable than Duo." Vice director Ma Qi said, "Duo speaks without restraint, but much of what he says is unreasonable." The emperor replied, "Remonstrators must do more than speak boldly—they must sometimes surprise me, or they are of no use." Dong Shizhong was sent out as transport commissioner of the Shaanxi circuit, and Duo became administrative aide to the Nanjing military commissioner. Li Jingyi of the revenue bureau, just returned from an embassy to Goryeo, was immediately made deputy military commissioner of the Anhua army. An edict read: "You jointly recommended Shouzhen as upright and capable; you are punished only because that recommendation proved false."

承安二年，召為翰林修撰，同看讀陳言文字。上召禮部尚書張暐、大理卿麻安上及鐸，問趙晏所言十事，因問董師中、張萬公優劣。鐸奏：「師中附胥持國以進，趙樞、張複亨、張嘉貞皆出持國門下，嘉貞複趨走襄之門。持國不可複用，若再相，必亂綱紀。」上曰：「朕豈複相此人，但遷官二階使致仕，何為不可？」持國党聞之，怒愈甚。改監察御史。

In Cheng'an 2 he was recalled as Hanlin reviser and assigned to review submitted memorials. The emperor summoned Zhang Wei, Ma Anshang, and Duo to discuss Zhao Yan's ten proposals and to ask their view of Dong Shizhong versus Zhang Wangong. Duo reported that Shizhong had risen through Xu Chiguo's patronage, that Zhao Shu, Zhang Fuheng, and Zhang Jiazhen were all Chiguo's protégés, and that Jiazhen now curried favor with Xiang as well. Chiguo must not be restored; if he becomes chancellor again he will surely wreck the government." The emperor said, "I would never make him chancellor again—only promote him two ranks and let him retire. What harm is there in that?" Chiguo's faction heard of it and grew only more enraged. He was transferred to surveillance censor.

參知政事楊伯通引用鄉人李浩，鐸劾奏：「伯通以公器結私恩，左司郎中賈益、知除武鬱承望風旨，不詳檢起複條例。」涉妄冒，大夫張暐抑之不行。上命同知大興府事賈鉉詰問。張暐、伯通待罪於家。賈鉉奏：「近詔書詰問御史大夫張暐。暐言路鐸嘗稟會楊伯通私用鄉人李浩。暐以為彈絀大臣，須有阿曲實跡，恐所劾不當，台綱愈壞，令再體察。賈益言除授皆宰執公議，奏稟，不見伯通私任形跡。」於是，詔責鐸言事輕率，慰諭伯通治事如故。

Vice director Yang Botong had appointed a fellow townsman, Li Hao. Duo impeached him: "Botong trades public office for private favor; Jia Yi and appointment officer Wu Yu followed his lead without checking the rules on reinstatement." The case involved improper appointment; censor-in-chief Zhang Wei blocked it. The emperor ordered Jia Xian, associate administrator of Daxing, to investigate. Zhang Wei and Botong awaited judgment at home. Jia Xian reported: "A recent edict questioned censor-in-chief Zhang Wei. Wei said Lu Duo had reported Yang Botong's private appointment of Li Hao. Wei held that impeaching a senior minister required solid proof of favoritism; fearing the charge might fail and damage the censorate, he ordered a further review. Jia Yi said all appointments were decided by the chancellors in open council and reported upward; he saw no sign of a private appointment by Botong." An edict rebuked Duo for rash speech and told Botong to resume his duties.

頃之，遷侍御史，主奏事。監察御史姬端修以言事下吏，使御史台令史郭公仲達意于大夫張暐及鐸。暐與鐸奏事殿上，上問：「姬端修彈事嘗申台官否？」對曰：「嘗來面議。」端修款伏乃雲：「只曾與侍禦私議，大夫不知也。」既而端修杖七十收贖，公仲杖七十替罷。暐、鐸坐奏事不實，暐追一官，鐸兩官，皆解職。頃之，起為泰定軍節度副使。上謂宰臣曰：「凡言事者，議及朕躬亦無妨，語涉宰相，間有憎嫌，何以得進？」詔左司計鐸資考至正五品，即除東平府治中。未幾，景州闕刺史，尚書省已奏郭歧為之，詔特改鐸為景州刺史，仍勿送審官院。鐸述十二訓以教民。詔曰：「路鐸十二訓皆勸人為善，遍諭州郡使知之。」遷陝西路按察副使。坐以糾彈之官與京兆府治中蒲察張鐵、總管判官辛孝儉、推官愛剌宴飲，奪路一官解職。泰和六年，召為翰林待制兼知登聞鼓院，累除孟州防禦使。貞祐初，城破，投沁水死。

Soon he was promoted to attending censor and placed in charge of memorials. Surveillance censor Ji Duanxiu was arrested for his memorial; he had censorate clerk Guo Gongzhong sound out Zhang Wei and Duo beforehand. When Zhang Wei and Duo reported at court, the emperor asked whether Ji Duanxiu had consulted the censorate before impeaching. They answered that he had come to discuss it in person. Duanxiu confessed: "I discussed it only with the attending censor; the censor-in-chief knew nothing." Duanxiu received seventy strokes and paid a fine; Gongzhong received seventy strokes and was dismissed. Zhang Wei and Duo were punished for false reporting; Wei lost one rank, Duo two, and both were dismissed. He was soon reappointed deputy military commissioner of the Taiding army. The emperor told the chancellors, "Let remonstrators criticize even me—but when their words touch the chancellors, personal grudges block their advancement. How can that continue?" An edict ordered his seniority calculated to the fifth positive rank and appointed him administrative director of Dongping. When Jingzhou needed a prefect the Secretariat had already nominated Guo Qi, but an edict appointed Duo instead and waived review by the appointments office. Duo composed twelve admonitions to instruct the people. An edict declared: "Lu Duo's twelve admonitions all exhort people to virtue—proclaim them in every commandery." He was transferred to surveillance vice commissioner of the Shaanxi circuit. He was dismissed and demoted one rank for feasting with Jingzhao director Pucha Zhang Tie, military commissioner aide Xin Xiaojian, and investigating officer Aila—conduct unbecoming an impeaching officer. In Taihe 6 he was recalled as Hanlin attendant-in-waiting and administrator of the petition drum court, and eventually made defender of Mengzhou. When the city fell early in Zhenyou, he drowned himself in the Qin River.

鐸剛正，曆官台諫，有直臣之風。為文尚奇，詩篇溫潤精緻，號《虛舟居士集》雲。

Duo was upright and firm; through years in the censorate and remonstrance offices he embodied the spirit of an honest minister. His prose favored the striking; his poetry was warm and finely wrought. His collected works were titled Collected Works of the Empty Boat Recluse.

完顏伯嘉

Wanyan Bojia

完顏伯嘉字，輔之，北京路訛魯古必剌猛安人。明昌二年進士，調中都左警巡判官。孝懿皇后妹晉國夫人家奴買漆不酬直，伯嘉鉤致晉國用事奴數人系獄。晉國白章宗，章宗曰：「姨酬其價，則奴釋矣。」由是豪右屏跡。改寶坻丞。補尚書省令史，除太學助教、監察御史。劾奏平章政事僕散揆。或曰：「與宰相有隙，奈何？」伯嘉曰：「職分如此。」遷平涼治中。累官莒州刺史。讞屬縣盜，伯嘉曰：「饑寒為盜，得錢二千，經月不使一錢雲何？此必官兵捕他盜不獲，誣以准罪耳。」詰之，果然。詔與按察官俱推排物力，召見於香閣。

Wanyan Bojia, styled Fuzhi, came from the Yilugu Bila colony on the Northern Capital circuit. A jinshi of Mingchang 2, he was posted as left patrol commissioner of the central capital. When a slave of the Lady of Jin—sister of Empress Xiaoyi—bought lacquer without paying, Bojia arrested several of her powerful household slaves. The Lady of Jin appealed to Zhangzong, who said, "If my aunt pays the price, release the slaves." After that the local magnates kept their distance. He was transferred to vice magistrate of Baodi. He became a Secretariat clerk, then assistant instructor of the Imperial Academy and surveillance censor. He impeached grand councilor Pusan Kui. Someone warned him, "You have a feud with the chancellor—what then?" Bojia replied, "That is my duty." He was made administrative director of Pingliang. He eventually rose to prefect of Juzhou. In a theft case from a subordinate county he said, "A man driven to theft by hunger might steal two thousand cash—but how could he go a month without spending a single coin? Soldiers must have failed to catch another thief and framed this man to meet their quota." He questioned them, and it proved true. He was ordered to assess property valuations with surveillance officials and received in audience at the Fragrant Pavilion.

大安中，三遷同知西京留守，權本路安撫使。貞祐初，遷順義軍節度使。居父母喪，卒哭，起複震武軍節度使兼宣撫副使，提控太和嶺諸隘。副統李鵬飛誣殺彰國軍節度使牙改，詔伯嘉治之。貞祐四年三月，伯嘉奏：「西京副統程琢智勇過人，持心忠孝，以私財募集壯士二萬，複取渾源、白登，有恢復山西之志，已命駐於弘州矣。近者靖大中、完顏毛吉打以三千人歸國，各遷節度副使。今山西已不守，琢收合餘眾，盡忠於國，百戰不挫。臣恐失機會，輒擬琢昭勇大將軍，同知西京留守事，兼領一路義軍，給以空名敕二十道，許擇有謀略者充州縣。」制可，仍賜琢姓夾穀氏。琢請曰：「前代皆賜國姓，不系他族，如蒙更賜，榮莫大焉。」詔更賜完顏氏。

During the Da'an era he was thrice promoted to associate military commissioner of the Western Capital and served as acting pacification commissioner of the circuit. Early in Zhenyou he was made military commissioner of the Shunyi army. While mourning his parents he was recalled at the end of the mourning period as military commissioner of the Zhenwu army and pacification vice commissioner, charged with the passes of Taihe Ridge. Deputy commander Li Pengfei had falsely killed Zhangguo military commissioner Yagai; Bojia was ordered to investigate. In the third month of Zhenyou 4, Bojia memorialized: "Deputy commander Cheng Zhuo of the Western Capital is exceptionally brave and loyal. With his own funds he raised twenty thousand men, retook Hunyuan and Baideng, and aims to recover Shanxi. He has been ordered to garrison at Hongzhou. Recently Jing Dazhong and Wanyan Maojida returned with three thousand men and were each promoted to deputy military commissioner. Shanxi is lost, yet Zhuo has rallied the remnants, served the state with full loyalty, and fought on undefeated through countless battles. I fear we may miss our chance and propose appointing Zhuo general of manifest courage and associate military commissioner of the Western Capital, with command of the circuit's volunteer forces, twenty blank commissions, and authority to appoint capable men to prefectural and county posts." The proposal was approved, and Zhuo was granted the surname Jiagu. Zhuo requested the imperial surname itself, saying that no honor could be greater. An edict granted him the surname Wanyan.

是月，伯嘉遷元帥左監軍，知太原府事，河東北路宣撫使。以同知太原府斡勒合打為彰國軍節度使、宣撫副使。六月，斡勒合打奏：「同知西京留守完顏琢恃與宣撫使伯嘉雅善，徙居代州，肆為侵掠。遙授太原治中，權堅州刺史完顏斜烈私離邊面，臣白伯嘉，伯嘉不悅，遣臣護送糧運於代州。臣請益兵，乃以羸卒數百見付，半無鎧仗。臣複為言，伯嘉怒臣，榜掠幾死。臣立功累年，頗有寸效，伯嘉挾私陵轢，無複宣撫同僚之禮。臣欲不言，恐他日反為所誣，無以自明。」上問宰臣，奏曰：「太原重鎮，防秋在邇，請敕諭和解。」詔曰：「太原兵沖，若以私忿廢國事，國家何賴焉！卿等同心戮力，以分北顧之憂，無執前非，誤大計也。」七月，伯嘉改知歸德府事，合打改武甯軍節度使。御史台奏：「宣撫副使合打訴元帥伯嘉以私忿加箠楚，令本台廉問，既得其事，遂不復窮治。若合打奏實，伯嘉安得無罪，伯嘉無罪，合打合坐欺罔，乞審正是非，明示黜陟。」宣宗曰：「今正防秋，且已。」

That month Bojia was made left army supervisor of the marshal, administrator of Taiyuan, and pacification commissioner of the Hedong North circuit. Wolie Hedai, associate administrator of Taiyuan, was made military commissioner of the Zhangguo army and pacification vice commissioner. In the sixth month Hedai reported that Zhuo, relying on his friendship with Bojia, had moved to Daizhou and was plundering the countryside. Xielie, remotely appointed Taiyuan director and acting Jianzhou prefect, had left his post without permission. When I reported this to Bojia he was displeased and sent me to escort grain convoys to Daizhou instead. I asked for reinforcements but received only a few hundred weak troops, half without armor. When I protested again, Bojia had me beaten nearly to death. I have served with merit for years, yet Bojia abuses his authority from private spite and treats a fellow pacification commissioner with contempt. I would have kept silent, but I feared he would slander me later and I would have no defense." The emperor consulted the chancellors, who urged an edict ordering reconciliation before the autumn campaign at vital Taiyuan. An edict declared: "Taiyuan is strategically critical. If private quarrels derail state business, what can the dynasty rely on? Work together and share the burden of defending the north. Do not cling to old grievances and ruin the larger plan." In the seventh month Bojia was transferred to Guide prefecture and Hedai to the Wuning army. The censorate reported that Hedai had accused Bojia of beating him from private spite; after investigation confirmed the facts, no further action was taken. If Hedai's charge is true, Bojia is guilty; if not, Hedai has deceived the throne. We ask that right and wrong be determined and appropriate rewards and punishments made clear." Xuanzong said, "Autumn defense is upon us—let the matter drop for now."

初，河東行省胥鼎奏：「完顏伯嘉屢言同知西京留守兼台州刺史完顏琢，可倚之以複山西，朝廷遷官賜姓，令屯代北，扼太和嶺。今聞諸隘悉無琢兵，蓋琢挈太原之眾，保五台剽掠耳。如尚以伯嘉之言為可信，乞遣琢出太原，或徙之內地，分處其眾，以備不測之變。」宰臣奏：「已遣官體究琢軍，且令太原元帥府烏古論德升召琢使之矣。當以此意報鼎。」無何，德升奏：「琢兵數萬分屯代州諸險，拒戰甚力，其眾烏合，非琢不可制。」胥鼎複奏：「宣差提控古裏甲石倫言，琢方招降人，謀複山西，盤桓於忻、代、定、襄間，恣為侵擾，無複行意。發掘民粟，並且。戕殺無辜，雖曰不煩官廩，博易為名，實則攘劫，欺國害民無如琢者。石倫之言如此，臣已令帥府禁止之矣。」宰臣奏：「所遣官自忻、代來，雲不見劫掠之跡，惟如德升言便。」從之。

Earlier Xu Ding of the Hedong branch secretariat had reported that Bojia repeatedly praised Zhuo as the man to recover Shanxi; the court had promoted him, granted him a surname, and ordered him to hold Taihe Ridge north of Dai. Now we hear his troops hold none of the passes; Zhuo has simply taken the Taiyuan forces, entrenched at Wutai, and turned to plunder. If Bojia's assurances are still believed, I ask that Zhuo be removed from Taiyuan or transferred inland and his forces dispersed to forestall unforeseen trouble." The chancellors replied that officials had been sent to investigate Zhuo's forces and that Wugulun Desheng of the Taiyuan marshal's headquarters had been ordered to summon him. This response should be relayed to Xu Ding. Soon Desheng reported that Zhuo's tens of thousands held the Daizhou passes and fought fiercely; his motley force could be controlled only by Zhuo himself. Xu Ding reported again that commissioner Guli Jiashilun said Zhuo was recruiting defectors, plotting to recover Shanxi, lingering between Xin, Dai, Ding, and Xiang, raiding at will, with no intention of advancing. He seizes the people's grain stores and devours the supplies. He slaughters innocents; though he claims not to burden the state granaries, his trade is mere plunder. No one deceives the state and harms the people like Zhuo. Such is Shilun's report; I have already ordered the marshal's headquarters to restrain him. The chancellors reported that officials returning from Xin and Dai had seen no sign of plunder and that Desheng's view should prevail. The court agreed.

伯嘉至歸德，上言，乞雜犯死罪以下納粟贖免。宰臣奏：「伯嘉前在代州嘗行之，蓋一時之權，不可為常法。」遂寢。俄改簽樞密院事。未閱月，改知河南府事。是時，甫經兵後，乏兵食，伯嘉令輸棗栗菜根足之，皆以為便。興定元年，知河中府，充宣差都提控，未幾召為吏部尚書。二年，改御史中丞。

When Bojia reached Guide, he memorialized the throne, asking that for all miscellaneous crimes short of capital offense, offenders be permitted to pay grain in lieu of punishment. The chancellors replied: "Bojia tried this once at Daizhou—it was an emergency measure, not something that should become permanent law." And so the matter was dropped. Before long he was appointed to the Privy Council. Less than a month later he was made prefect of Henan. The province had just been ravaged by war and military rations were scarce. Bojia required that dates, chestnuts, and root vegetables be delivered to fill the gap—a measure everyone found practical. In the first year of Xingding he took up the prefecture of Hezhong as imperial commissioner and supreme military controller, and was soon recalled to serve as minister of personnel. The following year he was made censor-in-chief.

初，貞祐四年十月，詔以兵部尚書、簽樞密院事蒲察阿裏不孫為右副元帥，備禦潼關、陝州。次澠池土濠村，兵不戰而潰。阿裏不孫逸去，亡所佩虎符，變易姓名，匿柘城縣，與其妻妹前韓州刺史合喜男婦紇石烈氏及僕婢三人僦民舍居止。合喜母徒單氏聞之，捕執紇石烈，斷其發，拘之佛寺中。阿裏不孫複亡去。監察御史完顏藥師劾奏：「乞就詰紇石烈及僕婢，當得所在。其妻子見在京師，亦無容不知，請窮治。」有司方系其家人，特命釋之，詔曰：「阿裏不孫若能自出，當免極罪。」阿裏不孫乃使其子上書，請圖後效。尚書省奏：「阿裏不孫幸特赦死，當詣闕自陳，乃令其子上書，猶懷顧望。」伯嘉劾之曰：「古之為將者，受命之日忘其家，臨陣之日忘其身，服喪衣、鑿凶門而出，以示必死。進不求名，退不避罪，惟民是保。阿裏不孫膺國重寄，握兵數萬，未陣而潰，委棄虎符，既不得援枹鼓以死敵，又不能負斧鑕而請罪，逃命竄伏，猥居裏巷，挾匿婦人，為此醜行。聖恩寬大，曲赦其死，自當奔走闕庭，皇恐待命。安坐要君，略無忌憚，跡其情罪，實不容誅。此而不懲，朝綱廢矣。乞屍諸市以戒為臣之不忠者！」宣宗曰：「中丞言是，業已赦之矣。」阿裏不孫乃除名。

Previously, in the tenth month of the fourth year of Zhenyou, an edict had named Pucha Aribusun—minister of war and Privy Council member—deputy commander-in-chief on the right, charged with the defense of Tong Pass and Shaan Prefecture. Near Mianchi, at Tuhhao Village, the army broke and fled without ever giving battle. Aribusun escaped, abandoning the tiger tally at his belt. He assumed a false name and went into hiding in Zhecheng County, where he rented a house together with his wife younger sister—Heshenilie, once the wife of the former Han prefect He Xi—and three servants. When Hexi mother, Lady Tuhanshi, learned of it, she seized Heshenilie, sheared her hair, and held her prisoner in a Buddhist temple. Aribusun fled once more. Supervising Censor Wanyan Yaoshi impeached him, writing: "Interrogate Heshenilie and the servants without delay, and we shall learn where he is. His wife and children are in the capital—they cannot fail to know. I beg that the matter be pursued to the end." The authorities had just taken his family into custody when a special order set them free. An edict declared: "If Aribusun gives himself up, the death penalty will be waived." Aribusun thereupon had his son submit a memorial asking leave to redeem himself through future deeds. The Secretariat reported: "Aribusun has been spared death by special grace. He should come to court and speak for himself. Instead he sends his son with a memorial—he still hangs back, hoping for more." Bojia pressed the charge: "The generals of old, on the day they received their orders, forgot their homes; on the day they entered battle, forgot their lives. They put on funeral dress, broke out through the Gate of Ill Omen, and marched forth to show they were ready to die. They did not pursue glory when they advanced, nor shrink from blame when they withdrew—they cared for nothing but the welfare of the people. Aribusun was entrusted with the nation weightiest charge and commanded tens of thousands of men. Before a line was formed his army scattered. He cast away his tiger tally. He could neither take up drum and mace to die against the enemy, nor bear axe and fetters to answer for his crime. He ran for his life and hid in the alleys, sheltering a woman in shameful secrecy—conduct as foul as this. The Son of Heaven mercy is vast. Having been spared the ultimate penalty, he should have raced to the palace steps and waited in trembling submission. Instead he sits comfortably at home, treating the throne with contempt, utterly without fear. Weighing the facts of his crime, he scarcely merits even this reprieve. If such a man is not punished, the discipline of the court is finished. I beg that his body be exposed in the market as a warning to every disloyal minister!" Emperor Xuanzong replied: "The censor-in-chief is correct—but the pardon has already been granted." Aribusun was thereupon stripped of rank and office.

五月，充宣差河南提控捕蝗，許決四品以下。宣宗憂旱。伯嘉奏曰：「日者君之象，陽之精，旱熯乃人君自用亢極之象，宰執以為冤獄所致。夫燮和陰陽，宰相之職，而猥歸咎於有司。高琪武弁出身，固不足論，汝礪輩不知所職，其罪大矣。漢制，災異策免三公，顧歸之有司邪。臣謂今日之旱，聖主自用，宰相諂諛，百司失職，實此之由。」高琪、汝礪深怨之。禮部郎中抹撚胡魯剌以言事忤旨，集五品以上官顯責之。明日，伯嘉諫曰：「自古帝王莫不欲法堯、舜而恥為桀、紂，蓋堯、舜納諫，桀、紂拒諫也。故曰：'納諫者昌，拒諫者亡'。胡魯剌所言是，無益於身，所言不是，無損于國。陛下廷辱如此，獨不欲為堯、舜乎？近日言事者語涉謗訕，有司當以重典，陛下釋之。與其釋之以為恩，曷若置之而不問。」宰相請修山寨以避兵，伯嘉諫曰：「建議者必曰據險可以安君父，獨不見陳後主之入井乎？假令入山寨可以得生，能複為國乎？人臣有忠國者，有媚君者，忠國者或拂君意，媚君者不為國謀。臣竊論之，有國可以有君，有君未必有國也。」高琪、汝礪聞之，怒愈甚。

In the fifth month he was made imperial commissioner to suppress locusts in Henan, empowered to punish officials of the fourth rank and below. Emperor Xuanzong brooded over the drought. Bojia wrote: "The sun is the emblem of the sovereign, the pure force of yang. Drought and blazing heat reflect a ruler who has pushed his will too far. Yet the chancellors blame it on unjust convictions in the courts. To harmonize yin and yang is the chancellor office—but they shamelessly lay the fault on the clerks below them. Gao Qi is a soldier by origin and hardly bears mention. But men like Ru Li do not even understand their own offices—that is a far graver failing. Under Han law, when heaven sent omens, the Three Excellencies were removed by edict. Shall we now turn instead to scapegoating petty officials? I say today drought comes of the Son of Heaven acting on his own impulse, of the chancellor sycophancy, and of the failure of the whole bureaucracy—that is the real source. Gao Qi and Ru Li nursed a deep hatred of him for it. Mo Nian Hulu, a director in the Ministry of Rites, spoke on public affairs in a way that displeased the throne. The emperor gathered every official of the fifth rank and above and humiliated him before them all. The next day Bojia admonished the throne: "Every ruler in history has wanted to be like Yao and Shun and feared to be like Jie and Zhou. Yao and Shun welcomed counsel; Jie and Zhou turned it away. Hence the saying: Accept remonstrance and prosper; reject remonstrance and fall. If Hulu was right, he gained nothing for himself. If he was wrong, the realm suffered no injury. Yet Your Majesty shames him like this in full audience—does the throne no longer aspire to Yao and Shun? Lately, memorialists have used words that skirted sedition. The courts would have punished them under the severest law, but Your Majesty pardoned them. It would have been better to say nothing at all than to release them and count it as a favor. When the chancellors urged the building of mountain redoubts to flee the invaders, Bojia objected: "The advocates will say that secure heights can protect emperor and realm—but have they forgotten Chen Shubao hiding in his well? Even if a mountain fortress could keep you alive, could you ever rebuild the kingdom from it? Some ministers serve the country; others merely please their lord. The loyal may oppose the throne wishes; the flatterers never plan for the realm. I would say this: a kingdom can exist before its king—but a king without a kingdom is no king at all. Gao Qi and Ru Li, hearing this, were more enraged than ever.

十二月，以御史中丞、權參知政事，元帥左監軍，行尚書省、元帥府于河中，控制河東南北路便宜從事。興定三年，伯嘉至河中，奏曰：「本路沖要，不可闕官，凡召辟者每以艱險為辭。乞凡檄召無故不至者宜令降罰，悉心幹當者視所曆升遷。」詔召不至者決杖一百，餘如所請。廷議欲棄河東，其民以實陝西。伯嘉上書諫曰：「中原之有河東，如人之有肩背。古人雲'不得河東不雄'，萬一失之，恐未易取也。」大忤宰執意。

In the twelfth month he was named censor-in-chief and acting associate administrator, left army supervisor under the commander-in-chief, with the Secretariat and the marshal headquarters established at Hezhong and full discretionary power over the northern and southern routes of Hedong. In the third year of Xingding, Bojia arrived in Hezhong and wrote: "This frontier is too critical to leave understaffed. Yet every man summoned to serve invents some excuse about hardship and danger. I ask that anyone who ignores a summons without cause be demoted and punished, and that those who serve faithfully be promoted according to their merit. The throne decreed one hundred strokes of the staff for anyone who failed to answer a summons; the remainder of his request was approved. The court debated abandoning Hedong altogether and moving its population west into Shaanxi to fill out that province. Bojia protested in a memorial: "Hedong to the heartland is what the shoulders and back are to a man. The ancients said: Without Hedong, no power endures. Lose it, and we may never win it back. This flew directly in the face of the chancellors plans.

頃之，召還，罷為中丞。伯嘉入見，奏曰：「如臣駑鈍，固宜召還，更須速遣大臣鎮撫。」宣宗深然之。伯嘉上疏曰：「國家兵不強，力不足以有為，財不富，賞不足以周眾，獨恃官爵以激勸人心。近日以功遷官赴都求調者，有司往往駁之，冒濫者固十之三，既與而複奪之，非所以勸功也。乞應軍功遷官，宣敕無偽者即准用之。」又曰：「自兵興以來，河北桀黠往往聚眾自保，未有定屬。乞賜招撫，署以職名，無為他人所先。」又曰：「河東、河北有能招集餘民完守城寨者，乞無問其門地，皆超逾等級，授以本處見任之職。」又曰：「河中、晉安被山帶河，保障關、陝，此必爭之地。今雖殘破，形勢猶存，若使他人據之，因鹽池之饒，聚兵積糧，則河津以南，太行以西，皆不足恃矣。」

Soon he was recalled and stripped of his concurrent posts, retaining only the title of censor-in-chief. On taking leave of the emperor, Bojia said: "A man as slow-witted as I am deserves to be recalled. But send a great minister at once to hold and settle the region." Emperor Xuanzong agreed wholeheartedly. Bojia wrote further: "Our armies are weak, our strength too small for great undertakings. Our treasury is thin, our rewards too few to go around. All we have left to move men hearts is rank and office. Lately, men promoted for battlefield merit have come to the capital seeking new appointments—and the ministries have turned many of them away. Perhaps a third were unworthy. But to grant a promotion and then snatch it back is no way to reward valor. I ask that any promotion earned in war, backed by a genuine imperial patent, be honored without delay. He added: "Since the wars began, the bold and unruly of Hebei have gathered in armed bands to protect themselves, and no one has yet brought them under the throne. Offer them terms of surrender, give them offices, before some rival wins their loyalty first. He also wrote: "In Hedong and Hebei, any man who can rally survivors and hold a fortress—regardless of birth—should be raised above his station and given the highest post in his district. And again: "Hezhong and Jinan, ringed by mountains and rivers, guard the passes into Shaan—they are ground no enemy can afford to leave uncontested. They are ruined now, but the terrain still matters. Let an enemy hold them, and with the riches of the salt pans to feed an army and fill granaries, everything south of the fords and west of the Taihang Range will lie open.

四年秋，河南大水，充宣慰副使，按行京東。奏曰：「亳州災最甚，合免三十余萬石。三司止奏除十萬石，民將重困，惟陛下憐之。」詔治三司奏災不以實罪。伯嘉行至蘄縣，聞前有紅襖賊，不敢至泗州。監察御史烏古孫奴申劾伯嘉違詔，不遍按視。又曰：「伯嘉知永城縣主簿蒙古訛裏刺不法，沈丘令夾谷陶也受賄，匿而不發。前穀城縣令獨吉鼎術可嘗受業伯嘉，伯嘉諷御史辟之。」詔有司鞫問，會赦免。

In the autumn of the fourth year, after catastrophic floods in Henan, he was made deputy pacification commissioner and sent to inspect the eastern capital district. He reported: "Bozhou has suffered worst of all. More than three hundred thousand shi of grain should be forgiven there. The Three Departments ask to remit only one hundred thousand shi. The people will be crushed anew. I beg the throne to pity them. An edict went out punishing the Three Departments for understating the scale of the disaster. Bojia reached Qi County, learned that Red Jacket rebels blocked the road ahead, and did not dare continue on to Sizhou. Supervising censor Wugusun Nushen impeached Bojia for defying his commission and failing to complete his tour of inspection. He added: "Bojia knew that Mengguo Elie, chief clerk of Yongcheng, broke the law, and that Jiahu Taoye, magistrate of Shenqiu, took bribes—yet he hid both crimes and filed no report. Duji Dingshu, former magistrate of Gucheng, had been Bojia student. Bojia quietly urged the censorate to appoint him. The throne ordered an inquiry, but a general amnesty came before judgment and he was cleared.

五年，起為彰化軍節度使，改翰林侍講學士。伯嘉純直，不能與時低昂，嘗曰：「生為男子，當益國澤民，其他不可學也。」高汝礪方希寵固位，伯嘉論事輒與之忤，由是毀之者眾。元光元年，坐言事過切，降遙授同知歸德府事。二年三月，遙授集慶軍節度使，權參知政事，行尚書省於河中，率陝西精銳與平陽公史詠共複河東。頃之，伯嘉有疾。六月，薨。

In the fifth year he was restored as military commissioner of the Zhanghua army and made a Hanlin academician reader-in-waiting. Bojia was honest to a fault and would not trim his sails to the wind. He used to say: "A man is born to serve his country and his people. There is nothing else worth mastering. Gao Ruli was busy currying favor to keep his seat. Bojia contradicted him at every turn, and the men who worked to destroy Bojia reputation grew ever more numerous. In the first year of Yuanguang, his memorials grew too cutting. He was demoted to honorary vice prefect of Guide. In the third month of the second year he was named honorary military commissioner of the Jiqing army, acting associate administrator, with the Secretariat at Hezhong. He led Shaanxi best troops alongside the Prince of Pingyang, Shi Yong, to retake Hedong. Before long Bojia took sick. He died in the sixth month.

伯嘉去太原後，完顏琢寓軍平定石仁寨，權平定州刺史范鐸以閻德用充本州提控。德用桀驁，蓄奸謀，鐸不能制，委曲容庇之。興定元年，德用率所部掩襲，殺琢及官屬程珪等百餘人，遂據石仁寨。鐸懼，挈家奔太原。德用遂據平定州。二年十月，詔誅範鐸。

After Bojia departed Taiyuan, Wanyan Zhuo encamped at Shiren Fort in Pingding. Fan Duo, acting prefect of Pingding, named Yan Deyong military controller of the district. Deyong was violent and scheming. Fan Duo could not restrain him and looked the other way. In the first year of Xingding, Deyong led his men in a night strike, slaughtered Zhuo and more than a hundred officials including Cheng Gui, and seized Shiren Fort. Terrified, Fan Duo gathered his family and fled to Taiyuan. Deyong went on to take all of Pingding Prefecture. In the tenth month of the second year, an edict condemned Fan Duo to death.

朮虎筠壽

Zhuhu Yunshou

朮虎筠壽，貞祐間為器物局直長，遷副使。貞祐三年七月，工部下開封市白牯取皮治御用鞠仗。筠壽以其家所有鞠仗以進，因奏曰：「中都食盡，遠棄廟社，陛下當坐薪懸膽之日，奈何以球鞠細物動搖民間，使屠宰耕牛以供不急之用，非所以示百姓也。」宣宗不懌，擲仗籠中。明日，出筠壽為橋西提控。

During the Zhenyou years, Zhuhu Yunshou served as chief director of the Implements Bureau and rose to deputy commissioner. In the seventh month of the third year of Zhenyou, the Ministry of Works ordered the Kaifeng market opened to purchase white oxen for their hides, to fashion new ball-sticks for the imperial court. Yunshou offered ball-sticks from his own home and wrote: "The capital is starving. We have already forsaken the ancestral shrines. Your Majesty ought to be living as one who sleeps on brushwood and tastes gall every day—yet for the sake of a game of ball you would stir up the countryside, slaughtering draft oxen to satisfy a whim. This is no way to face the people." Emperor Xuanzong face darkened. He flung the sticks back into their cage. The next day Yunshou was posted out as military controller west of the bridge.

贊曰：孟鑄、宗端修、路鐸盡言于章宗，皆擯斥不遂。鑄劾胡沙虎，可謂先知，雖行其言，弗究厥罰。厥後胡沙虎逆謀，胥持國終至於誤國，而不悟也。宣宗時，完顏素蘭、許古皆敢言者，亦挫于高琪、汝礪之手。匱土不能塞河決，有以也夫！完顏伯嘉以著功參大政，亦不能一朝而安，言之難也如是哉！朮虎筠壽，所謂執藝事以諫者邪。

The historian comments: Meng Zhu, Zong Duanxiu, and Lu Duo all spoke their minds to Emperor Zhangzong—and all were cast aside, their counsel unheeded. Zhu denunciation of Hushahu showed true foresight. His warning was heeded in part, but the punishment never matched the crime. Afterward Hushahu treason ran its course, and Xue Chiguo complacency finished the ruin of the realm—and still they would not see. Under Emperor Xuanzong, Wanyan Sulan and Xu Gu were men who spoke boldly—and they too were broken by Gao Qi and Ru Li. A basket of earth cannot hold back a river in flood. Small wonder, then! Even Wanyan Bojia, a man of proven service who helped govern the realm, could not secure one tranquil day. To speak honestly in such times is harder still. Was Zhuhu Yunshou not precisely the sort of man who remonstrates through the duties of his own office?

張煒，字子明，洺州永年人，本名燝，避章宗嫌名改焉。大定二十五年進士，調葭州軍事判官，再遷中都左警巡使。煒喜言功利，寡廉節，交通部民閻元翬，縉紳薄之。累官部員外郎。

Zhang Wei, styled Ziming, came from Yongnian in Mozhou. Born Jing, he changed his name to avoid Emperor Zhangzong's taboo. He passed the jinshi examination in the twenty-fifth year of Dading, served as military adjutant of Jia Prefecture, and was twice promoted, ending as left patrol commissioner of the central capital. Wei loved to talk profit and utility, cared little for integrity, kept company with a local notable of his home prefecture named Yan Yuanhui, and earned the contempt of the gentry. Through successive posts he rose to vice director of the ministry.

承安五年，天色久陰晦，平章政事張萬公奏：「此由君子小人邪正不分所致，君子宜在內，小人宜在外。」章宗問：「孰為小人？」萬公對曰：「戶部員外郎張煒、文繡署丞田櫟、都水監丞張嘉貞雖有幹才，無德而稱，好奔走以取勢利。大抵論人當先德後才。」詔三人皆與外除，煒出為同知鎮西軍節度使事，轉同知西京轉運使事。是時，大築界牆，被行戶工部牒主役事。丁母憂，起複桓州刺史，奏請以鹽易米事，且所言利害甚多，恐涉細碎，不敢盡上。詔尚書省曰：「張煒通曉人也，朕不敢縷詰，卿等詳問之，毋為虛文。」充宣差西北路軍儲，自言斂不及民，可以足用。大抵募商賈縱其販易，不問所從來。奸人往往投牒，妄指產業，疏鄰保姓名，煒信之，多與之錢。已而亡去，即逮系鄰保，使之代償，一路為之疲弊。以故舊氈罽繒絮皮革折給軍士，皆棄於道而去。歲餘，改戶部郎中，遷翰林直學士，俱兼規措職事。左丞相宗浩奏：「張煒長於恢辦，比戶部給錢三十萬，已增息十四萬矣。請給錢通百萬，今從長恢辦，乞不隸省部，委臣專一提控，有應奏者，許煒專達，歲差幹事官計本息具奏。」上從其請。

In the fifth year of Chengan the heavens stayed dark for many days. Grand councilor Zhang Wangong wrote: "This comes from failing to separate upright from crooked, gentleman from petty man. The gentleman belongs within; the petty man belongs without." Emperor Zhangzong asked, "Who are the petty men?" Wangong answered: "Vice director of the Ministry of Revenue Zhang Wei, embroidery directorate commissioner Tian Li, and waterways vice director Zhang Jiazhen have practical talent but no virtue worth the name, and love to scurry about for power and gain. In judging men, virtue should come first and talent after." An edict posted all three outside the capital. Wei went out as acting military commissioner of the Zhenxi army, then became acting transport commissioner of the Western Capital. At that time the border wall was being built on a vast scale. Wei was drafted as a requisitioned household, and the Ministry of Works dispatched him to oversee corvée labor. After his mother's death he entered mourning, but was recalled from mourning to serve as prefect of Huanzhou. He memorialized on trading salt for grain; the points of advantage and disadvantage were so numerous that, fearing the matter too fine-grained, he did not dare submit all of it. An edict to the Secretariat ran: "Zhang Wei is a man of real understanding. I will not press him with petty questions. Question him thoroughly yourselves, and do not reduce this to empty form." He was made imperial commissioner for Northwest Route military stores, and claimed that he could fill the need without levying on the people. Broadly speaking, he recruited merchants, let them trade freely, and never asked where their goods came from. Rascals often filed petitions falsely claiming property and naming neighbor-guarantors. Wei believed them and paid out large sums. Once the swindlers vanished, he seized the neighbor-guarantors and forced them to make restitution, until the entire route was exhausted by it. Old felt, woolens, silk floss, and leather issued to soldiers in lieu of cash were thrown away along the roads. After a year and more he became director of the Ministry of Revenue and Hanlin academician in attendance, in both cases with fiscal-planning duties attached. Left chief councilor Zong Hao wrote: "Zhang Wei is skilled at resource mobilization. Of the three hundred thousand cash the Ministry of Revenue gave him, he has already turned a profit of one hundred and forty thousand. I ask that the grant be raised to one million cash and that he be allowed to mobilize resources on the largest scale. Let him no longer answer to the ministries; entrust exclusive supervision to me. When memorials are needed, let Wei report directly. Each year send an executive officer to reckon principal and interest and report in full." The throne approved.

泰和六年，伐宋，煒進銀五千兩。詔曰：「汝幹集資儲，固其職也，毋令軍士有議國家。人之短汝，朕皆知之，惟能興利，斯惟汝功。」自西北路召還，勾計諸道倉庫，除簽三司事。上問：「誰可代卿規措者？」煒舉中都轉運戶籍判官王謙。謙至西北路，盡發煒前後散失錢物以巨萬計，對獄者積年。大安三年，起為同簽三司事。會河堡兵敗，軍士猶去張宣差刻我，欲倒戈殺之。累遷戶部侍郎。貞祐初。遷河北西路按察轉運使。

In the sixth year of Taihe, during the war against Song, Wei offered five thousand taels of silver. An edict said: "To gather funds and stores is your proper work. Do not give soldiers cause to blame the state. I know every word spoken against you. If you can create profit, that alone will be your merit." Recalled from the Northwest Route, he audited the granaries of every circuit and was appointed co-signatory of the Three Commissions. The emperor asked, "Who can take over your fiscal planning?" Wei recommended Wang Qian, household-registration commissioner of the central capital transport office. When Qian arrived on the Northwest Route, he uncovered Wei's missing and misappropriated funds and goods by the tens of thousands; trials backed up for years. In the third year of Da'an he was recalled to serve again as co-signatory of the Three Commissions. When the Hebao garrison was routed, the soldiers still burned with hatred of Commissioner Zhang for bleeding them dry and meant to turn their spears and kill him. He rose by successive promotion to vice minister of the Ministry of Revenue. At the opening of the Zhenyou era. He was made surveillance and transport commissioner of the Hebei West circuit.

貞祐二年春，中都乏糧，詔同知都轉運使事。邊源以兵萬人護運通州積粟，軍敗死焉，平章政事高琪舉煒代源行六部事。以勞進官一階，改河北東路轉運使。宣宗遷汴，佐尚書右丞胥鼎前路排頓，及修南京宮闕。無何，坐事降孟州防禦使。三年，遷安國軍節度使。致仕。宣宗初以煒有才，既察其無實，遂不复用。貞祐四年卒。

In spring of the second year of Zhenyou, with the capital short of grain, he was ordered to serve as acting associate director of the metropolitan transport office. Bian Yuan, commanding ten thousand men to escort stored grain from Tongzhou, was defeated and killed. Grand councilor Gao Qi recommended Wei to replace Yuan and handle the affairs of the Six Ministries. For his labors he was promoted one rank and made transport commissioner of the Hebei East circuit. When Emperor Xuanzong moved the court to Bian, he assisted Right Vice Director Xu Ding in organizing the advance march and in repairing the Southern Capital palace. Not long after, he was demoted to defense commissioner of Meng Prefecture for an offense. In the third year he was transferred to military commissioner of the Anguo army. He retired from office. Emperor Xuanzong had first thought Wei talented, but once he saw there was nothing solid in him, he never used him again. He died in the fourth year of Zhenyou.

高竑，渤海人。以廕補官，累調貴德縣尉。提刑司舉任繁劇，遷奉聖州錄事。察廉，遷內黃令，累官左藏庫副使。元妃李氏以皁弊易紅幣，竑獨拒不肯易。元妃奏之。章宗大喜，遣人諭之曰：「所執甚善。今姑與之，後不得為例。」轉儀鸞局、少府少監，改戶部員外郎、安州刺史。大安中，越王永功判中山，竑以王傅同知府事。改同知河南府，充安撫使。徙同知大名府，兼本路安撫使。貞祐二年，遷河北西路按察轉運使，錄大名功，遷三官，致仕。興定四年，卒。

Gao Hong came from Bohai. He entered service by yin privilege and through successive posts rose to county captain of Guide. The Chief Punishments Office recommended him for arduous duty, and he was transferred to registrar of Fengsheng Prefecture. Passed in an integrity review, he became magistrate of Neihuang and eventually rose to deputy director of the Left Treasury. Primary consort Lady Li of the Yuan consort clan wanted to swap worn black coins for red coins, but Hong alone refused the exchange. The primary consort reported the matter. Emperor Zhangzong was greatly pleased and sent word: "You did well to hold the line. Let her have it this once, but it must not become a precedent." He was transferred to the Ceremonial Carriages Bureau and vice director of the Palace Manufactories, then made vice director of the Ministry of Revenue and prefect of An Prefecture. During the Da'an years Prince Yonggong of Yue governed Zhongshan, and Hong served as his tutor while jointly managing prefectural affairs. He was made acting prefect of Henan Prefecture and appointed pacification commissioner. He was transferred to acting prefect of Daming Prefecture, concurrently pacification commissioner of that circuit. In the second year of Zhenyou he became surveillance and transport commissioner of the Hebei West circuit. His achievements at Daming were entered as merit, he was promoted three ranks, and he retired. He died in the fourth year of Xingding.

李複亨

Li Fuheng

李複亨，字仲修，榮州河津人。年十八，登進士第。複中書判優等，調臨晉主簿。護送官馬入府，宿逆旅，有盜殺馬，複亨曰：「不利而殺之，必有仇者。」盡索逆旅商人過客。同邑人橐中盛佩刀，謂之曰：「刀蔑馬血，火煆之則刃青。」其人款服，果有仇。以提刑薦遷南和令。盜割民家牛耳。複亨盡召裏中人至，使牛家牽牛遍過之，至一人前，牛忽驚躍，詰之，乃引伏。察廉，遷臨洮府判官，改陝西東路戶籍判官，轉河東北路支度判官。

Li Fuheng, styled Zhongxiu, came from Hejin in Rong Prefecture. At eighteen he passed the jinshi examination. He placed in the superior grade on the Secretariat examination and was posted as chief clerk of Linjin. While escorting official horses to the prefecture he lodged at an inn, where a thief killed a horse. Fuheng said, "To kill it without stealing it means there must be a personal enemy." He had every merchant and traveler at the inn searched. A man from his home county carried a sheathed knife in his bag. Fuheng told him, "Smear the blade with the horse's blood and heat it in fire—the steel will turn blue." The man confessed; there had indeed been a grudge. Recommended by the Chief Punishments Office, he was made magistrate of Nanhe. Someone stole into a farmer's house and cut off an ox's ear. Fuheng summoned everyone in the village, had the owner lead the ox past them one by one, and when the beast suddenly shied and leapt before one man, questioning brought a confession. Passed in an integrity review, he became adjutant of Lintao Prefecture, then household-registration commissioner of the Shaanxi East circuit, and then expenditure commissioner of the Hedong North circuit.

泰和中，伐宋，充宣撫司經歷官，遷解鹽副使，曆保大、震武同知節度事。丁母憂，起複同知震武節度，加遙授忻州刺史。貞祐間，曆左司員外郎、郎中，遷翰林直學士行三司事。興定三年，上言：「近日興師伐宋，恐宋人乘虛掩襲南鄙，故籍邊郡民為軍。今大軍已還，乞罷遣歸本業。」從之。複亨舉陳留縣令程震等二十九人農桑有效，征科均一，朝廷皆遷擢之。

During the Taihe campaign against Song he served on the pacification staff, became deputy salt commissioner of Jie, and held acting military commissioner posts at Baoda and Zhenwu in turn. After his mother's death he entered mourning, but was recalled to serve as acting military commissioner of Zhenwu and given the honorary title of prefect of Xin Prefecture. During Zhenyou he rose through vice director and director in the Left Secretariat, then became Hanlin academician in attendance acting as head of the Three Commissions. In the third year of Xingding he memorialized: "Troops were recently raised to campaign against Song, and fearing a Song raid on the southern frontier, people of the border commanderies were registered as soldiers. Now that the main army has returned, I ask that they be dismissed and sent back to their original occupations." The throne agreed. Fuheng recommended twenty-nine officials, including Chenliu magistrate Cheng Zhen, for effective farming and sericulture and even tax collection, and the court promoted them all.

是歲七月，置京東、京西、京南三路行三司，掌勸農催租、軍須科差及鹽鐵酒榷等事，戶部侍郎張師魯攝東路，治歸德，戶部侍郎完顏麻斤出攝南路，治許州，複亨攝西路，治中京實河南府，三司使侯摯總之。複亨奏：「民間銷毀農具以供軍器，臣竊以為未便。汝州魯山、寶豐，鄧州南陽皆產鐵，募工置冶，可以獲利，且不厲民。」又奏：「陽武設賣鹽官以佐軍用，乞禁止滄，濱鹽勿令過河，河南食陽武、解鹽，河北食滄、濱鹽，南北俱濟。」詔尚書省行之。九月，以勸農有勞，遷兵部尚書。再閱月，轉吏部尚書，權參知政事。四年三月，真拜參知政事，兼修國史。

That seventh month saw traveling Three Commissions established for the East, West, and South Capital routes, overseeing farming, rent collection, military supplies, corvée, and the salt, iron, and wine monopolies. Vice minister Zhang Shilu acted for the East Route from Guide; vice minister Wanyan Majin went out to act for the South Route from Xuzhou; Fuheng acted for the West Route from the Central Capital—that is, Henan Prefecture—under Three Commissions commissioner Hou Zhi. Fuheng wrote: "The people are melting down farm tools for military equipment. I do not think this wise. Lushan and Baofeng in Ru Prefecture and Nanyang in Deng Prefecture all have iron. Recruit workers and set up smelters, and profit can be gained without harrying the people." He also wrote: "Yangwu has set up salt-selling offices to support the army. Forbid Cang and Bin salt to cross the river: let Henan eat Yangwu and Jie salt, and Hebei eat Cang and Bin salt, so both north and south are supplied. An edict ordered the Secretariat to implement it. In the ninth month, for his work encouraging agriculture, he was made minister of war. A month later he became minister of personnel and acting participation councillor. In the third month of the fourth year he was formally appointed participation councillor and charged with compiling the national history.

七月，河南雨水害稼，複亨為宣慰使，御史中丞完顏伯嘉副之，循行郡縣，凡官吏貪污不治者，得廢罷推治。複亨奏乞禁宣慰司官吏不得與州府司縣行總管府及管軍官會飲。又奏曰：「詔書令臣，民間差發可免者免之。民養驛馬，此役最甚，使者求索百端，皆出養馬之家，人多逃竄，職此之由。可依舊設回馬官，使者食料皆官給之，歲終會計，均賦於民。」又奏：「河南閒田多，可招河東、河北移民耕種。被災及沿邊郡縣租稅全免，內地半之，以救塗炭之民，資蓄積之用。」詔有司議行焉。還奏：「南陽禾麥雖傷，土性宜稻，今因久雨，乃更滋茂。田凡五百餘頃，畝可收五石，都得二十五萬余石。可增直糴稻給唐、鄧軍食。緣詔書不急科役即令免罷，臣不敢輒行，如以臣言為然，乞付有司計之。」制可。無何，被詔提控軍興糧草。複亨奏：「河渡不通，陝西鹽價踴貴，乞以粟互易足兵食。」詔戶部從長規措。

In the seventh month flooding in Henan ruined the crops. Fuheng was made pacification commissioner, with censor-in-chief Wanyan Bojia as deputy. Touring commanderies and counties, they could dismiss corrupt or negligent officials and push for prosecution. Fuheng asked that pacification staff be forbidden to feast with prefectural, county, circuit chief, and military command officials. He also wrote: "The edict instructs me that among corvée levies on the people, whatever can be remitted should be remitted. Maintaining relay horses is the heaviest burden. Envoys demand endlessly, and every cost falls on the horse-keeping households; that is why so many flee. Restore the old relay-horse officers. Let the state supply envoys' provisions, settle accounts at year's end, and spread the cost evenly among the people. He also wrote: "Henan has much idle land. Recruit settlers from Hedong and Hebei to farm it. In stricken and border counties remit rent and tax entirely; in the interior, half—both to rescue people in misery and to build up reserves. An edict ordered the responsible offices to discuss implementation. On returning he reported: "Though grain and wheat at Nanyang were harmed, the soil suits rice, and the long rains have made it grow all the more lush. The fields total more than five hundred qing; each mu can yield five shi, for more than two hundred and fifty thousand shi in all. Rice can be bought at premium price to feed the armies at Tang and Deng. Because the edict says non-urgent corvée must at once be exempted and halted, I dare not act on my own. If my proposal is sound, I ask that the responsible offices be ordered to calculate it. Approval was granted. Before long an edict put him in charge of fodder and grain for the war effort. Fuheng wrote: "River crossings are blocked and Shaanxi salt prices have soared. I ask that grain be traded for salt to fill army rations. An edict ordered the Ministry of Revenue to arrange matters as best it could.

複亨有會計才，號能吏，當時推服，故驟至通顯。既執政，頗矜持，以私自營，譽望頓減。五年三月，廷試進士，複亨監試。進士盧元謬誤，濫放及第。讀卷官禮部尚書趙秉文、翰林待制崔禧、歸德治中時戩、應奉翰林文字程嘉善當奪三官降職，複亨當奪兩官。趙秉文嘗請致仕，宣宗憐其老，降兩階，以禮部尚書致仕。複亨罷為定國軍節度使。元光元年十一月，城破自殺，年四十六。贈資德大夫、知河中府事。

Fuheng had a gift for accounts and was known as a capable official; contemporaries respected him, and he rose swiftly to high office. Once in power he grew self-important and pursued private gain, and his reputation collapsed. In the third month of the fifth year Fuheng supervised the palace examination for jinshi. The candidate Lu Yuan was unqualified, yet was passed and granted the degree anyway. The examiners—minister of rites Zhao Bingwen, Hanlin attendant Cui Xi, Guide administrative director Shi Ji, and Hanlin attendant Cheng Jiashan—were each to lose three ranks and be demoted; Fuheng was to lose two. Zhao Bingwen had once asked to retire; Emperor Xuanzong pitied his age, reduced him two ranks, and let him retire as minister of rites. Fuheng was dismissed and sent out as military commissioner of the Dingguo army. When the city fell in the eleventh month of Yuanguang 1, he took his own life at forty-six. He was posthumously granted the title Grand Master of Virtuous Talent and named administrator of Hezhong.

贊曰：大凡兵興則財用不足，是故張煒、李複亨乘時射利，聚斂為功。大安，軍士欲倒戈殺煒。複亨宣慰南陽，還奏稻熟可糴。所謂聚斂之臣者，二子之謂矣。高竑之守藏，君子頗有取焉。

The historian comments: When war breaks out, revenue always falls short—so Zhang Wei and Li Fuheng seized the moment for profit and made extortion their path to merit. In Da'an the soldiers meant to turn their spears on Wei and kill him. Fuheng toured Nanyang as pacification commissioner and reported on his return that the rice crop was ripe and ready for purchase. These two were precisely what is meant by ministers who enrich themselves at the people's expense. Gao Hong's steadfast guarding of the treasury won considerable approval among gentlemen.

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