Volume 102 Biographies 40: Pusa Nanzhen, Tian Zuo, Wan Yanbi, Meng Gugang, Bilanaludai

僕散安貞

Pusan Anzhen

僕散安貞，本名阿海，以大臣子充奉禦。父揆，尚韓國公主，鄭王永蹈同母妹也。永蹈誅，安貞罷歸，召為符寶祗候。複為奉禦，尚邢國長公主，加駙馬都尉，襲胡王愛割蠻猛安。曆尚衣直長、禦院通進、尚藥副使。丁母憂，起複，轉符寶郎，除同知定海軍節度使事。曆邳、淄、涿州刺史，拱衛直都指揮使。貞祐初，改右副點檢兼侍衛親軍副都指揮使，遷元帥左都監。二年，中都解嚴，河北州郡未破者惟真定、大名、東平、清、沃、徐、邳、海州而已。朝廷遣安貞與兵部尚書裴滿子仁、刑部尚書武都分道宣撫。於是除安貞山東路統軍安撫等使。

Pusan Anzhen, whose original name was Ahai, entered court service as a palace attendant because his father was a high minister. His father Kui had married a princess of Han—a half-sister of Prince Yongdao of Zheng. After Yongdao was put to death, Anzhen was removed from office and sent home, then recalled as a keeper of the imperial talismans. He returned to palace attendance, married the eldest princess of Xing, received the title Imperial Son-in-Law Commandant, and inherited the Huwang Aige Manmeng'an domain. He served in turn as director of the wardrobe bureau, commissioner of the imperial pantry, and vice commissioner of the imperial pharmacy. When his mother died he went into mourning, was soon recalled to duty, became a talisman attendant, and was named acting military commissioner of the Dinghai army. He held the prefectures of Pi, Zi, and Zhuo in succession and commanded the archery guard directorate. Early in the Zhenyou era he became right deputy inspector and vice commander of the palace guard, then was promoted to left overseer of the marshalate. In the second year the capital ended martial law; in Hebei only Zhending, Daming, Dongping, Qing, Wo, Xu, Pi, and Haizhou still held out. The court dispatched Anzhen, together with Minister of War Peiman Ziren and Minister of Justice Wudu, to conduct pacification tours along separate routes. Anzhen was then made military commissioner and pacification commissioner for the Shandong circuit.

初，益都縣人楊安國自少無賴，以鬻鞍材為業，市人呼為「楊鞍兒」，遂自名楊安兒。泰和伐宋，山東無賴往往相聚剽掠，詔州郡招捕之。安兒降，隸諸軍，累官刺史、防禦使。大安三年，招鐵瓦敢戰軍，得千餘人，以唐括合打為都統，安兒為副統，戍邊。至雞鳴山不進。衛紹王驛召問狀，安兒乃曰：「平章參政軍數十萬在前，無可慮者。屯駐雞鳴山，所以備間道透漏者耳。」朝廷信其言。安兒乃亡歸山東，與張汝楫聚黨攻劫州縣，殺略官吏，山東大擾。

Earlier, a Yidu man named Yang Anguo had been a wastrel since boyhood. He sold saddle fittings for a living; townspeople nicknamed him "Yang the Saddle-Seller," and he took the name Yang An'er. During the Taihe war against Song, Shandong ruffians often banded together to raid, and the throne ordered local governments to recruit them or hunt them down. An'er submitted, entered army service, and eventually rose to prefect and defense commissioner. In Da'an year three he raised the Iron-Tile Dare-to-Fight Army—over a thousand men—with Tangguo Heda as commander and An'er as deputy, and sent them to the frontier. They halted at Jiming Mountain and refused to advance. Prince Shao of Wei summoned him by courier to explain the situation. An'er said, "The grand councillors and participation councillors have hundreds of thousands of men in the van—there is nothing to fear. We are camped at Jiming Mountain only to block side routes the enemy might slip through." The court believed him. An'er then fled back to Shandong, joined Zhang Ruji in raiding counties and prefectures, killing officials and looting wherever they went, until all Shandong was in uproar.

安貞至益都，敗安兒於城東。安兒奔萊陽。萊州徐汝賢以城降安兒，賊勢複振。登州刺史耿格開門納偽鄒都統，以州印付之，郊迎安兒，發帑藏以勞賊。安兒遂僭號，置官屬，改元天順，凡符印詔表儀式皆格草定，遂陷寧海，攻濰州。偽元帥方郭三據密州，略沂、海。李全略臨朐，扼穆陵關，欲取益都。安貞以沂州防禦使僕散留家為左翼，安化軍節度使完顏訛論為右翼。

When Anzhen reached Yidu he routed An'er east of the walls. An'er fled toward Laiyang. Xu Ruxian of Laizhou handed the city to An'er, and rebel strength surged again. Geng Ge, prefect of Dengzhou, opened his gates to a rebel commander styling himself commander of Zou, surrendered the prefectural seal, went out to welcome An'er in the suburbs, and emptied the treasury to reward the band. An'er declared himself ruler, set up a court, adopted the era name Tianshun, and had Geng Ge draft every seal, edict, and ritual form; he then took Ninghai and besieged Weizhou. A rebel marshal called Fang Guo San held Mizhou and raided the Yi and Hai regions. Li Quan struck at Linqu, seized Muling Pass, and aimed to take Yidu. Anzhen placed Yizhou defense commissioner Pusan Liujia on his left and Anhua army commissioner Wanyan Elun on his right.

七月庚辰，安貞軍昌邑東，徐汝賢等以三州之眾十萬來拒戰。自午抵暮，轉戰三十裏，殺賊數萬，獲器械不可勝計。壬午，賊棘七率眾四萬陣于辛河。安貞令留家由上流膠西濟，繼以大兵，殺獲甚眾。甲申，安貞軍至萊州，偽甯海州刺史史潑立以二十萬陣於城東。留家先以輕兵薄賊，諸將繼之，賊大敗，殺獲且半，以重賞招之，不應。安貞遣萊州黥卒曹全、張德、田貴、宋福詐降于徐汝賢以為內應。全與賊西南隅戍卒姚雲相結，約納官軍。丁亥夜，全縋城出，潛告留家。留家募勇敢士三十人從全入城，姚雲納之，大軍畢登，遂複萊州，斬徐汝賢及諸賊將以徇。安兒脫身走，訛論以兵追之。耿格、史潑立皆降。留家略定膠西諸縣，宣差伯德玩襲殺方郭三，複密州。余賊在諸州者皆潰去。安兒嘗遣梁居實、黃縣甘泉鎮監酒石抹充浮海赴遼東構留哥，已具舟，皆捕斬之。

On the seventh month's gengchen day Anzhen camped east of Changyi; Xu Ruxian and others marched a hundred thousand men from three prefectures to meet him. From noon to dusk the battle rolled thirty li; tens of thousands of rebels were killed and captured arms piled beyond count. On renwu the rebel Ji Qi drew up forty thousand men along the Xin River. Anzhen sent Liujia across upstream at Jiaoxi, then brought up the main army; the slaughter and captures were immense. On jiashen Anzhen reached Laizhou, where the rebel prefect of Ninghai, Shi Poli, lined up two hundred thousand men east of the walls. Liujia probed with light troops, the other commanders closed in, and the rebels were shattered—roughly half killed or captured. Heavy bribes were offered for surrender; none accepted. Anzhen sent four tattooed convicts of Laizhou—Cao Quan, Zhang De, Tian Gui, and Song Fu—to feign defection to Xu Ruxian as inside men. Quan won over a rebel sentry named Yao Yun at the southwest corner and agreed to let government troops in. That dinghai night Quan slipped over the wall on a rope and secretly told Liujia. Liujia picked thirty bold men to follow Quan inside; Yao Yun let them in; the main force swarmed over the walls, retook Laizhou, and beheaded Xu Ruxian and the rebel commanders as a warning. An'er slipped away, but Elun pursued with troops. Geng Ge and Shi Poli both submitted. Liujia secured the Jiaoxi counties; commissioner Bode Wan ambushed and killed Fang Guo San and retook Mizhou. Rebel bands still holding other prefectures broke and fled. An'er had once sent Liang Jushi and the Ganquan town wine inspector Shimochong of Huang County by sea to Liaodong to treat with Liuge; their boats were ready when all were seized and executed.

十一月戊辰，曲赦山東，除楊安兒、耿格及諸故官家作過驅奴不赦外，劉二祖、張汝楫、李思溫及應脅誘從賊，並在本路自為寇盜，罪無輕重，並與赦免。獲楊安兒者，官職俱授三品，賞錢十萬貫。十二月辛亥，耿格伏誅，妻子皆遠徙。諸軍方攻大沫堌，赦至，宣撫副使、知東平府事烏林答與即引軍還。賊眾乘之，複出為患。詔以陝西統軍使完顏弼知東平府事，權宣撫副使。其後楊安兒與汲政等乘舟入海，欲走岠嵎山。舟人曲成等擊之，墜水死。

On the eleventh month's wuchen day Shandong received a limited amnesty: Yang An'er, Geng Ge, and runaway bond-servants of former officials were excluded, but Liu Erzu, Zhang Ruji, Li Siwen, coerced followers, and anyone who had turned bandit within the circuit—whatever the crime—were all forgiven. Whoever captured Yang An'er would receive a third-rank post and a reward of one hundred thousand strings of cash. On the twelfth month's xinhai day Geng Ge was executed and his family exiled. Government forces were besieging Damogu when the amnesty arrived; pacification vice commissioner and acting prefect of Dongping Wulindaxi Yu at once withdrew. The rebels seized the chance and broke out again. The throne named Shaanxi military commissioner Wanyan Bi prefect of Dongping and acting pacification vice commissioner. Later Yang An'er, Ji Zheng, and others put to sea, aiming to reach Juyu Mountain. Boatmen led by Qu Cheng attacked them; An'er fell overboard and drowned.

三年二月，安貞遣提控紇石烈牙吾塔破巨蒙等四堌，及破馬耳山，殺劉二祖賊四千餘人，降餘黨八千，擒偽宣差程寬、招軍大使程福，招降脅從百姓三萬余人。安貞遣兵會宿州提控夾谷石裏哥同攻大沫堌，賊千余逆戰。石裏哥，以騎兵擊之，盡殪。提控沒烈奪其北門以入，別軍取賊水寨，諸軍繼進，殺賊五千餘人。劉二祖被創，獲之，及偽參謀官崔天佑，楊安兒偽太師李思溫。餘眾保大小峻角子山，前後追擊，殺獲以萬計，斬劉二祖。詔遷賞沒烈等有差。詔尚書省曰：「山東東、西路賊黨猶嘯聚作過者，詔書到日，並與免罪，各令複業。在處官司盡心招撫，優加存恤，無令失所。」十月，安貞遷樞密副使，行院於徐州。

In the third year, second month, Anzhen sent commander Hesilie Yayuta to storm four stockades including Jumeng and Ma'er Mountain, killing over four thousand of Liu Erzu's men, accepting eight thousand surrenders, seizing the rebel commissioners Cheng Kuan and Cheng Fu, and winning back more than thirty thousand coerced civilians. Anzhen joined Suzhou commander Jiagu Shilige in assaulting Damogu; over a thousand rebels met them. Shilige charged with cavalry and wiped them out. Commander Molie forced the north gate; another column took the rebel river camp; the main forces followed and killed more than five thousand. Liu Erzu was wounded and taken, together with the rebel staff officer Cui Tianyou and Yang An'er's false grand preceptor Li Siwen. The survivors held out on the Greater and Lesser Junjiaozi mountains; repeated pursuits killed and captured by the tens of thousands, and Liu Erzu was beheaded. Molie and the others were promoted and rewarded according to merit. An edict to the Masters of Writing Bureau said: "Rebel bands still active in eastern and western Shandong are pardoned from the day this edict arrives and told to return to their trades. Local officials must recruit them in earnest, treat them generously, and see that none are left destitute." In the tenth month Anzhen became vice director of the privy council and set up his field headquarters at Xuzhou.

四年二月，楊安兒餘黨複擾山東。詔安貞與蒙古綱、完顏弼以近詔招之。五月，安貞遣兵討郝定，連戰皆克，殺九萬人，降者三萬余，郝定僅以身免。獲偽金銀牌、器械甚眾，來歸且萬人，皆安慰複業。自楊安兒、劉二祖敗後，河北殘破，干戈相尋。其黨往往復相團結，所在寇掠，皆衣紅納襖以相識別，號「紅襖賊」。官軍雖討之，不能除也。大概皆李全、國用安、時青之徒焉。

In the fourth year, second month, Yang An'er's remnants again ravaged Shandong. Anzhen, Meng Gugang, and Wanyan Bi were ordered to offer amnesty under the recent edict. In the fifth month Anzhen campaigned against Hao Ding, winning every engagement: ninety thousand killed, more than thirty thousand surrendered, while Hao Ding alone escaped. Great stores of false tallies and arms were taken; nearly ten thousand defectors were settled back into civilian life. After Yang An'er and Liu Erzu fell, Hebei was shattered and war followed war. Their followers regrouped everywhere, raiding in red lined jackets that marked them as the "Red-Jacket Bandits." Government armies hunted them, yet could not root them out. For the most part they were men like Li Quan, Guo Yong'an, and Shi Qing.

五年，複伐宋。二月，安貞出息州，軍於七裏鎮，宋兵據淨居山，遣兵擊敗之。宋兵保山寺。縱火焚寺，乘勝追至洪門山。宋兵方浚濠立柵，安貞軍亟戰，奪其柵。宋黃統制團兵五千保黃土關，關絕險，素有備，堅壁不出。安貞遣輕兵分為左右軍潛登，別以兵三千直逼關門。翼日，左右軍會於山顛，俯瞰關內。宋人守關者望之，駭𥈭不能立。中軍急攻，宋兵潰，遂奪黃土關。遂入梅林關，拔麻城縣，抵大江，至黃州，克之。進克蘄州，前後殺略不可勝計。獲宋宗室男女七十餘口，獻之，師還。安貞每獲宋壯士，輒釋不殺，無慮數萬，因用其策，輒有功。宣宗謂宰臣曰：「阿海將略善固矣，此輩得無思歸乎？南京密邇宋境，此輩既不可盡殺，安所置之？朕欲驅之境上，遣之歸如何？」宰臣不對。

In the fifth year Jin again attacked Song. In the second month Anzhen marched from Xizhou to Qili Town; Song held Jingju Mountain until he sent troops and broke them. The Song force fell back into a mountain temple. He burned the temple and pressed the pursuit to Hongmen Mountain. While Song was digging moats and raising palisades, Anzhen attacked at once and took their works. Five thousand Song troops under Commander Huang held Huangtu Pass—a formidable, well-provisioned strongpoint—and refused to sally. Anzhen sent light troops up both flanks by stealth and three thousand more straight at the gate. Next day both wings met on the ridge and looked down into the pass. The Song garrison saw them and were too stunned to hold their ground. The center struck hard; Song broke, and Huangtu Pass fell. He pushed through Meilin Pass, took Macheng, reached the Yangzi, and captured Huangzhou. He advanced to take Qizhou; slaughter and looting along the way were beyond count. More than seventy Song imperial clansmen, men and women, were captured and sent to court before the army withdrew. Whenever Anzhen took able Song fighting men he spared them—tens of thousands in all—and their counsel repeatedly won him battles. Emperor Xuanzong told his chief ministers, "Ahai's generalship is sound enough, but will these men not long for home? Nanjing lies hard against Song territory; we cannot kill them all—where should they go? Suppose I drive them to the border and send them back to Song—what say you?" The chief ministers made no answer.

六月甲寅朔，尚書省奏安貞謀叛。宣宗謂平章政事英王守純曰：「朕觀此奏，皆飾詞不實，其令覆案之。」戊寅，並其二子殺之，以祖忠義、父揆有大功，免兄弟緣坐。詔曰：「銀青榮祿大夫、左副元帥兼樞密副使、駙馬都尉僕散阿海，早藉世姻，浸馳仕軌，屬當軍旅之事，益厚朝廷之恩，爰自帥籓，擢居樞府。頃者南伐，時乃奏言，是俾行鱗介之誅，而盡露梟獍之狀。二城雖得，多罪稔彰，念勝負之靡常，肯刑章之輕用。始自畫因糧之計，乃更嚴橫斂之期，督促計司，凋弊民力，信其私意，或失防秋。顧利害之實深，尚優容而弗問。頃因近侍，悉露奸謀，蓋虞前後罪之上聞，乃以金玉帶而夜獻。審事情之詭秘，命信臣而鞫推，迨致款詞，乃詳實狀。自以積愆之著，必非公憲所容，欲結近臣之歡心，俾伺內庭之指意，如釁端之少露，得先事而易圖。因其方握兵權，得以謀危廟祝願祏，事或不濟，計即外奔。前日之俘，隨時誅戮，獨于宋族，曲活全門，示其悖德于敵仇，豫冀全身而納用。」

On the sixth month's first day, jiayin, the Masters of Writing Bureau reported that Anzhen was plotting rebellion. The emperor told Grand Councillor Prince Ying Shouchun, "This memorial looks like ornament, not fact—reinvestigate it." On wuyin he and his two sons were executed; because his grandfather Zhongyi and father Kui had rendered great service, his brothers were spared collective punishment. The edict read: "Silver-Green Glory Grandee, left deputy marshal, vice director of the privy council, and imperial son-in-law commandant Pusan Ahai rose early through a marriage alliance with the throne, advanced steadily in office, and when war came enjoyed ever thicker favor—from frontier command to the privy council. On the recent southern campaign he memorialized in ways that sent us to punish the scaly foe—and fully exposed his treacherous heart. Two cities fell, yet his crimes had piled up; remembering how fortune shifts in war, We were slow to invoke the full penalty. He began with schemes to levy grain for the armies, then tightened exactions, harried the revenue offices, and exhausted the people; indulging private designs, he even neglected autumn defenses. Though the stakes were grave, We still forbear and did not press him. Lately, through a palace attendant, his whole treason came to light; fearing his crimes would reach Us, he offered a gold-and-jade belt by night. Finding the affair too secret to trust, We sent a loyal minister to interrogate him; when he confessed, the full truth emerged. He knew his crimes could not stand before the law, courted palace favorites to spy on inner-court intent, and meant to strike at the first sign of trouble. While he still held the armies he plotted against the ancestral temple; if the plot failed, he would flee beyond the border. Other captives he killed as he pleased, but Song clansmen he spared whole households—showing his perverse loyalty to the enemy and hoping to save himself and win reinstatement."

初，安貞破蘄州，獲宋宗室不殺而獻之，遂以為罪。安貞憂讒，以賄近侍局，乃以質成其誣。安貞典兵征伐，嘗曰：「三世為將，道家所忌。」自忠議、揆至安貞，凡三世大將焉。

The charge stemmed from his capture of Qizhou: he had taken Song imperial clansmen alive and sent them to court instead of killing them. Fearing slander, he bribed the palace attendants bureau—and those bribes became the "proof" of treason. Anzhen, who led armies in the field, once said, "Three generations of generals in one family—that is what Daoist teaching warns against." From Zhongyi and Kui to Anzhen, the family had produced great generals for three generations.

初，安貞破蘄州，所得金帛，分給將士。南京都轉運使行六部事李特立，金安軍節度副使紇石烈蒲剌都、大名路總管判官銀術可因而欺隱。事覺，特立當死、蒲剌都、銀術可當杖一百除名。詔薄其罪，特立奪三官、降三等，蒲剌都、銀術可奪兩官、降二等雲。

When he took Qizhou, the gold and silks he seized were shared among his troops. Li Teli, Nanjing transport director acting for the six ministries, Hesilie Puladu of Jin'an army, and Yinshuke, judge under the Daming intendant, used the occasion to embezzle. When exposed, Teli faced death, Puladu and Yinshuke a hundred strokes and dismissal. The throne lightened the sentences: Teli lost three ranks and three grades; Puladu and Yinshuke two ranks and two grades.

田琢，字器之，蔚州定安人。中明昌五年進士，調甯邊、茌平主簿，潞州觀察判官，中都商稅副使。丁父憂，起複懷安令，補尚書省令史。貞祐二年，中都被圍，琢請由間道往山西招集義勇，以為宣差兵馬提控、同知忠順軍節度使事，經略山西。琢與弘州刺史魏用有隙，琢自飛狐還蔚州，用伏甲于路，將邀而殺之。琢知其謀，自別道入定安。用入蔚州，殺觀察判官李宜，錄事判官馬士成、永興縣令張福，劫府庫倉稟，以兵攻琢于定安。琢與戰，敗之。用脫身走，易州刺史蒲察縛送中都元帥府殺之。是時，勸農副使侯摯提控紫荊等關隘，朝廷聞蔚州亂，欲以摯就代琢守蔚州，令軍中推可為管押者，即以魏用金牌佩之，以安其眾。丞相承暉奏：「田琢實得軍民心，諳練山西利害，魏用將士本無勞效，以用弄兵死禍，遽爾任用，恐開幸門。」詔從之。

Tian Zhuo, courtesy name Qizhi, came from Ding'an in Weizhou. He took the jinshi in Mingchang year five, then served as registrar in Ningbian and Chiping, observation judge in Luzhou, and deputy metropolitan tax commissioner. After his father's death he mourned, was recalled as magistrate of Huai'an, and joined the Masters of Writing as a clerk. In Zhenyou year two, with the central capital besieged, Zhuo asked to slip through by a side route into Shanxi to raise volunteers; he was named commissioner army commander and acting Zhongshun army commissioner to oversee Shanxi. Zhuo feuded with Hongzhou prefect Wei Yong; returning from Feihu to Weizhou, Zhuo found Yong had laid an ambush to kill him on the road. Forewarned, Zhuo reached Ding'an by another road. Yong seized Weizhou, killed judge Li Yi, registrar Ma Shicheng, and Yongxing magistrate Zhang Fu, looted treasury and granaries, and marched on Zhuo at Ding'an. Zhuo met him in battle and won. Yong fled; Yizhou prefect Pucha captured him and sent him to the central marshalate for execution. Agriculture vice commissioner Hou Zhi then held the Zijing passes; hearing of the Weizhou revolt, court meant to send Zhi to replace Zhuo, let the troops pick a commander, and give him Wei Yong's gold tally to steady the ranks. Chief councillor Chenghui wrote: "Tian Zhuo truly holds army and people and knows Shanxi's terrain; Wei Yong's men earned nothing—Yong died for mutiny. To rush a replacement may open the door to court favoritism." The edict agreed.

琢至蔚州，誅與用同惡數人。募兵旬日，得二萬人。十月，琢兵敗，僅以身免。招集散亡，得三萬餘，入中山界屯駐，而遣沈思忠招集西京蕩析百姓，得萬餘人，皆願徙河南。琢上書：「此輩與河南鎮防，往往鄉舊，若令南渡，擇壯健為兵，自然和協，且可以招集其餘也。」從之。加沈思忠同知深州軍州事。琢複遣沈思忠、宮楫招弘州、蔚州百姓，得五萬餘人，可充軍者萬五千人，分屯蔚州諸隘，皆願得沈思忠為將。詔加思忠順天軍節度副使，提控弘、蔚州軍馬，宮楫副之。頃之，西山諸隘皆不能守。琢移軍沃州。沃州刺史完顏僧家奴奏：「田琢軍二千五百人，官廩不足，發民窖粟猶不能贍。其中多女直人，均為一軍，不可複有厚薄，可令于衛、輝、大名就食。」制可。加琢河北西路宣撫副使，遙授浚州防禦使，屯浚州。琢欲陂西山諸水以衛浚州。

Zhuo reached Weizhou and executed several of Yong's accomplices. Within ten days he raised twenty thousand troops. In the tenth month his army was beaten and he barely escaped. He rallied over thirty thousand stragglers and camped in Zhongshan; Shen Sizhong gathered more than ten thousand displaced Western Capital people who all wished to move to Henan. Zhuo wrote: "These people often have kin among the Henan garrisons; if we move them south and draft the able-bodied, they will settle in naturally and draw others after them." The court agreed. Shen Sizhong was made acting administrator of Shenzhou. Zhuo sent Shen Sizhong and Gong Ji to recruit Hongzhou and Weizhou—over fifty thousand people, fifteen thousand fit for service—posted at Weizhou passes, all asking for Shen Sizhong as commander. Sizhong was made deputy Shuntian army commissioner to command Hong and Weizhou troops, with Gong Ji as deputy. Soon every western pass was lost. Zhuo shifted his army to Wozhou. Wozhou prefect Wanyan Sengjianu reported: "Zhuo's twenty-five hundred men cannot be fed from official stores—even digging out private cellar grain is not enough. Many are Jurchen in one unit—they must not be split unevenly; let them forage in Wei, Hui, and Daming." Approved. Zhuo became Hebei west circuit pacification vice commissioner, was given the remote title defense commissioner of Xunzhou, and camped there. Zhuo planned to dam western mountain streams to shield Xunzhou.

貞祐三年十一月，河北行省侯摯入見，奏：「河北兵食少，請令琢汰遣老弱，就食歸德。」琢奏：「此輩嶺外失業，父子兄弟合為一軍，若離而分之，定生他變，乞以全軍南渡，或徙衛州防河。」詔盡徙屯陝。琢複奏：「臣幸徙安地，然浚乃河北要郡，今見糧可支數月，乞俟來春乃行。」數日，琢複奏：「浚不可守，惟當遷之。」宰臣劾琢前後奏陳不一，請逮鞫問。宣宗不許。

In Zhenyou year three, eleventh month, Hebei branch secretary Hou Zhi memorialized: "Hebei troops lack food—order Zhuo to discharge the old and weak to forage at Guide." Zhuo replied: "These refugees beyond the passes fight as family units—split them and they will mutiny; move the whole army south or post it at Weizhou on the river." The edict ordered the entire force relocated to Shaan. Zhuo wrote again: "I am glad to move to safer ground, but Xun is a key Hebei prefecture and has grain for months—I ask to wait until spring." Days later he wrote: "Xun cannot be held—we must leave." Chief ministers accused him of contradicting himself and asked to arrest and question him. The emperor refused.

琢至陝，上書曰：「河北失業之民僑居河南、陝西，蓋不可以數計。百司用度，三軍調發，一人耕之，百人食之，其能贍乎？春種不廣，收成失望，軍民俱困，實系安危。臣聞古之名將，雖在征行，必須屯田，趙充國、諸葛亮是也。古之良吏，必課農桑以足民，黃霸、虞詡是也。方今曠土多，遊民眾，乞明敕有司，無蹈虛文，嚴升降之法，選能吏勸課，公私皆得耕墾。富者備牛出種，貧者傭力服勤。若又不足，則教之區種，期於盡辟而後已。官司圉牧，勢家兼併，亦籍其數而授之農民，寬其負算，省其徭役，使盡力南畝，則蓄積歲增，家給人足，富國強兵之道也。」宣宗深然之。

At Shaan, Zhuo wrote: "Hebei refugees in Henan and Shaanxi are beyond counting. Court offices and three armies consume—one farmer feeds a hundred mouths. How can that last? Spring planting is thin, harvests disappoint, army and people suffer—this touches the state's survival. Famous generals—even on campaign—farmed garrison fields: Zhao Chongguo and Zhuge Liang did so. Good magistrates promoted farming and sericulture to feed the people—Huang Ba and Yu Xu did. Idle land abounds and wanderers swarm; order officials to drop empty forms, enforce merit rules, send able magistrates to promote farming, and let public and private fields be opened. Let the rich supply oxen and seed; let the poor hire out as laborers. If that fails, teach pit-planting until every plot is cleared. Register government pastures and powerful estates, assign them to farmers, lighten taxes and corvée, and let men work the fields—stores will grow, households prosper, and the state grow strong." The emperor strongly agreed.

是月，棣州裨將張聚殺防禦使斜卯重興，遂據棣州，襲濱州，其眾數千人。琢遣提控紇石烈醜漢會兵討之。聚棄濱專保棣州。諸軍趣棣，聚出戰，敗之，斬首百級，生擒偽都統王仙等十三人。餘眾奔潰，追及於別寨，攻拔之，聚僅以身免。遂複二州。李全據安丘，琢遣總領提控王政、王庭玉討之。宣差提控、太府少監伯德玩率政兵攻安丘，敗焉，提控王顯死之。琢奏：「伯德玩本相視山東山堌水寨，未嘗遍行，獨留密州，輒為此舉，乞治其罪。」詔遣官鞫玩，會赦而止。既而昌樂縣令術虎桓都、臨朐縣令兀顏吾丁、福山縣令烏林答石家奴、壽光縣巡檢紇石烈醜漢破李全於日照縣，琢承制各遷官一階，進職一等，詔許之。

That month Dizhou adjutant Zhang Ju killed defense commissioner Xieyao Chongxing, seized Dizhou, raided Binzhou, and mustered several thousand men. Zhuo sent commander Hesilie Chouhan with allied troops against him. Ju gave up Binzhou and held only Dizhou. Government forces closed on Di; Ju met them and lost a hundred heads, with thirteen captives including the rebel commander Wang Xian. Survivors fled; pursuers stormed a second camp; Ju alone escaped. Both prefectures were recovered. Li Quan held Anqiu; Zhuo sent overall commanders Wang Zheng and Wang Tingyu against him. Commissioner Bode Wan of the grand treasury led Zheng's men on Anqiu, was beaten, and commander Wang Xian was killed. Zhuo wrote: "Bode Wan was to survey Shandong stockades but never toured—he stayed in Mizhou and launched this attack on his own; punish him." Officials were sent to try him, but an amnesty halted the case. Later Changyue magistrate Shuohu Huandu, Linqu magistrate Wanyan Wuding, Fushan magistrate Wulindaxi Shijianu, and Shouguang inspector Hesilie Chouhan beat Li Quan at Rizhao; Zhuo promoted each one rank and grade, and court approved.

三年，沂州注子堌王公喜構宋兵據沂州，防禦使徒單福定徒跣脫走，百姓潰散。琢奏：「去歲顧王二嘗據沂州，邳州總領提控納合六哥前為同知沂州防禦事，招集餘眾攻取之，百姓歸心。可用六哥取沂州，今方在行省侯摯麾下，乞發還，取便道進討。」制可。既而莒州提控燕寧複沂州，王公喜複保注子堌。琢奏：「沂州須知兵者守之。徒單福定已衰老，納合六哥善治兵，識沂形勢。」詔福定專治州事，以六哥為沂州總領。琢奏：「濰州刺史致仕獨吉世顯能招集猛安餘眾及義軍，卻李全，保濰州。六哥破灰山堌，沂境以安。守兗州觀察判官梁昱嘗攝淄州刺史，率軍民力田，征科有度，饋餉不乏，保全淄州，土賊不敢發。前猗氏主簿張亞夫嘗權行部官，主餉密州，委曲購得糧二萬斛，兵儲乃足，行至高密，征他州兵拒李全。」詔世顯升職從四品，遙授同知海州事。六哥遷一官，升一等，充沂州宣差都提控。梁昱遷一官，同知淄州事。張亞夫遷兩官，密州觀察判官。

In year three Wang Gongxi of Yizhou's Zhuzi stockade brought in Song troops; defense commissioner Tushan Fuding fled barefoot and the populace broke. Zhuo wrote: "Last year Gu Wang'er held Yizhou; Pizhou commander Nahe Liuge, once acting Yizhou defense commissioner, rallied remnants and retook it—the people trust him. Send Liuge back from Hou Zhi's staff by the quickest route to retake Yizhou." Approved. Soon Yan Ning of Juzhou retook Yizhou; Wang Gongxi fell back to Zhuzi stockade. Zhuo wrote: "Yizhou needs a soldier-governor. Tushan Fuding is old; Nahe Liuge knows how to command and knows Yi's ground." Fuding was left to civil administration; Liuge became overall Yizhou commander. Zhuo praised retired Weizhou prefect Duji Shixian for rallying meng'an remnants and militia, driving off Li Quan, and holding Weizhou. Liuge stormed Huishan stockade and secured Yi territory. Yanzhou judge Liang Yu, once acting Zi prefect, led troops and civilians in farming, taxed fairly, kept supplies flowing, held Zi, and kept local bandits down. Former Yishi registrar Zhang Yafu once ran supply for Mizhou, bought twenty thousand hu of grain by every means, filled the magazines, marched to Gaomi, and raised troops from other prefectures against Li Quan." Shixian was raised to junior fourth grade and given the remote post acting administrator of Haizhou. Liuge gained one rank and grade and became Yizhou commissioner overall commander. Liang Yu gained one rank and became acting administrator of Zizhou. Zhang Yafu gained two ranks and became Mizhou observation judge.

初，張林本益都府卒，有複立府事之功，遂為治中，而兇險不逞，恥出琢下。琢在山東徵求過當，頗失眾心，林欲因眾以去琢，未有間也。會于海、牟佐據萊州，琢遣林分兵討之。林既得兵，伺琢出，即率眾噪入府中。琢倉猝入營，領兵與林戰，不勝，欲就外縣兵，且戰且行。至章丘，兵變，求救於鄰道，不時至。東平行省蒙古綱以狀聞。宣宗度不能制林，而欲馴致之，乃遣人召琢還。行至壽張，疽發背卒。

Zhang Lin, once a Yidu office soldier, had helped restore the prefecture and became administrator, but he was violent and resented serving under Zhuo. Zhuo's levies in Shandong were harsh and cost him support; Lin wanted a popular rising against him but found no opening. When Yu Hai and Mou Zuo took Laizhou, Zhuo sent Lin with a detachment against them. Once armed, Lin waited until Zhuo left, then stormed the yamen with a mob. Zhuo rushed to camp, fought Lin, lost, and retreated fighting toward county garrisons. At Zhangqiu his men mutinied; neighboring circuits were summoned but help came too late. Dongping branch secretary Meng Gugang reported the affair. The emperor judged Lin uncontrollable and hoped to tame him gradually, and recalled Zhuo. At Shouzhang a back abscess killed him.

完顏弼

Wanyan Bi

完顏弼，本名達吉不，蓋州猛安人。充護衛，轉十人長。從丞相襄戍邊，功最，除同知德州防禦使事，武衛軍鈐轄，轉宿直將軍、深州刺史。泰和六年，從左副元帥完顏匡攻襄陽，破雷太尉兵，積功加平南蕩江將軍。丁母憂，起複。八年，除南京副留守、壽州防禦使。大安二年，入為武衛軍副都指揮使。三年，以本官領兵駐宣德。會河之敗，弼被創，馬中流矢，押軍千戶夾谷王家奴以馬授弼，遂得免。遷右副都點檢。

Wanyan Bi, original name Dajibu, came from the Gaizhou meng'an. He entered the guards and became a decurion. On frontier service under Chancellor Xiang his merit ranked first; he became acting Dezhou defense commissioner, Martial Guard seal-holder, then palace duty general and Shenzhou prefect. In Taihe year six he followed left deputy marshal Wanyan Kuang against Xiangyang, broke Grand Marshal Lei's force, and was made Pacify-the-South Suppress-the-River General. He mourned his mother, then was recalled to duty. In year eight he became Nanjing vice protector and Shouzhou defense commissioner. In Da'an year two he entered court as vice commander of the Martial Guard. In year three he led troops to garrison Xuande in the same post. At the river defeat Bi was wounded and his horse shot; escort chiliarch Jiagu Wangjianu gave him his mount and he escaped. He was made right deputy chief inspector.

貞祐初，宣宗驛召弼赴中都，是時雲內已受兵，弼善馬槊，與數騎突出，由太原出澤、潞，將從清、滄赴闕。會有詔除定武軍節度使，尋為元帥左都監，駐真定。弼奏：「賞罰所以勸善懲惡，有功必賞，有罪必罰，而後人可使、兵可強。今外兵日增，軍無鬥志。亦有逃歸而以戰潰自陳者，有司從而存恤之，見聞習熟，相效成風。」又曰：「村寨城邑，兵退之後，有心力勇敢可使者，乞招用之。」又曰：「河朔郡縣，皆以拘文不相應救，由此殘破。乞敕州府，凡有告急徵兵，即須赴救，違者坐之。」又曰：「河北軍器，乞權宜弛禁，仍令團結堡寨以備外兵。」又曰：「今雖議和，萬一輕騎複來，則吾民重困矣。願速講防禦之策。」及勸遷都南京，阻長淮，拒大河，扼潼關以自固。

Early in Zhenyou the emperor summoned Bi to the capital; Yunnei was already under attack. Skilled with the cavalry lance, Bi broke out with a few riders, passed through Taiyuan and Ze-Lu, and aimed to reach court via Qing and Cang. An edict named him Dingwu army commissioner; soon he became left marshal overseer at Zhending. Bi wrote: "Rewards and punishments encourage virtue and restrain evil; merit must be rewarded and crime punished—only then can men be led and armies strengthened. Enemy pressure grows daily while our troops lack fight. Men flee and claim defeat, yet officials comfort them—others see it and copy the habit." He also asked to recruit brave men from villages and towns after armies withdraw." Hebei counties fail to aid each other because of red tape—that is why the region is ruined. Order every prefecture: when another calls for help, march at once—or face punishment." Relax Hebei arms restrictions and organize fortified stockades against invaders." Though we talk peace, if enemy cavalry return our people will suffer again. Let us plan defenses at once." He urged moving the capital to Nanjing, holding the Huai, the Yellow River, and Tong Pass.

宣宗將遷汴，弼兼河北西路兵馬都總管。宣宗次真定，弼言：「皇太子不可留中都，蓋軍少則難守，軍多則難養。」又奏：「將帥以閫外為威，今生殺之權皆從中覆。」又奏：「瑞州軍頗狡，左丞盡忠多疑，乞付他將。」宣宗頗採用其言。

As the court prepared to move to Bian, Bi also commanded Hebei west circuit forces. At Zhending Bi said, "The crown prince should not stay in the central capital—too few troops cannot hold it, too many cannot be fed." He also said field commanders need autonomy of life and death, not constant central review." He asked to replace Left Chancellor Jinzhong, who was too suspicious of the crafty Ruizhou army." The emperor largely followed his advice.

大名軍變，殺蒲察阿裏，詔弼鎮撫之。未幾，改陝西路統軍使、京兆兵馬都總管。宣撫副使烏古論兗州置秦州榷場，弼以擅置，移文問之。兗州曰：「近日入見，許山外從宜行事，秦州自宋兵焚蕩榷場，幾一年矣，今既安帖，複宜開設，彼此獲利，歲收以十萬計。對境天水軍移文來請，如俟報可，實慮後時。」弼奏其事，宰臣以兗州雖擅舉而無違失，苟利於民，專之亦可。宣宗曰：「朕固嘗許其從宜也。」

Daming troops mutinied and killed Pucha Ali; Bi was ordered to pacify them. Soon he became Shaanxi military commissioner and Jingzhao overall commander. Pacification vice commissioner Wugulun of Yanzhou opened a Qinzhou trade bureau; Bi challenged the unauthorized act in writing. Yanzhou replied: "The throne recently let me act beyond the passes as needed. Song burned the Qinzhou market a year ago; now it should reopen—both sides profit, with yearly receipts around one hundred thousand. The Tianshui garrison across the border has asked; waiting for approval may be too late." Bi reported it; ministers said Yanzhou acted alone but without harm—if it helped the people, let it stand. The emperor said, "I had already allowed him to act as needed."

三年，改知東平府事、山東西路宣撫副使。是時，劉二祖餘黨孫邦佐、張汝楫保濟南勤子堌，弼遣人招之，得邦佐書雲：「我輩自軍興屢立戰功，主將見忌，陰圖陷害，竄伏山林，以至今日，實畏死耳。如蒙湔洗，便當釋險面縛，餘賊未降者保盡招之。」弼奏：「方今多故，此賊果定，亦一事畢也。乞明以官賞示之。」詔曰：「孫邦佐果受招，各遷五官職。」於是邦佐、汝楫皆降。邦佐遙授濰州刺史，汝楫遙授淄州刺史，皆加明威將軍。頃之，弼薦邦佐、汝楫改過用命，招降甚眾，稍收其兵仗，放歸田裏。詔邦佐遙授同知益都府事，汝楫遙授同知東平府事，皆加懷遠大將軍。梁聚寬遙授泰定軍節度副使，加宣武將軍。四年，弼遷宣撫使。已而汝楫複謀作亂，邦佐密告弼，弼饗汝楫，伏甲廡下，酒數行，鐘鳴伏發，殺汝楫並其黨與。手詔褒諭，封密國公。其後邦佐屢立功。元光末，累官知東平府事、山東西路兵馬都總管，充宣差招撫使。

In year three he became administrator of Dongping and Shandong west circuit pacification vice commissioner. Liu Erzu's followers Sun Bangzuo and Zhang Ruji held Qinzi stockade near Jinan. Bangzuo wrote back: "We won battles from the start, but our commander envied us and plotted against us—we hid in the hills because we fear death. Grant amnesty and we will surrender and bring in every rebel still at large." Bi wrote: "In these troubled times, settling this band would finish one major task. Show them clear official rewards." The edict promised five rank promotions if Sun Bangzuo submitted." Both men surrendered. Bangzuo received the remote title Weizhou prefect, Ruji Zizhou prefect, both as Bright Authority generals. Soon Bi reported that both men had reformed, brought in many surrenders, surrendered arms, and returned to farming. Bangzuo was made acting administrator of Yidu, Ruji of Dongping, both as Cherish-the-Distant grand generals. Liang Jukuan became remote deputy Taiding army commissioner with the rank Proclaim-Martial general. In year four Bi became pacification commissioner. Ruji plotted again; Bangzuo warned Bi, who feasted him with hidden troops; at the bell signal they killed Ruji and his followers. An imperial letter praised him and made him Duke of Miguo. Bangzuo later won repeated victories. By late Yuanguang he was Dongping administrator, Shandong west overall commander, and commissioner pacification envoy.

弼上書曰：「山東、河北、河東數鎮僅能自守，恐長河之險有不足恃者。河南嘗招戰士，率皆遊惰市人，不閑訓練。若遷簽驅丁監戶數千，別為一軍，立功者全戶為良，必將爭先效命以取勝矣。武衛軍家屬嘗苦於兵，人人懷憤，若擇驍悍千餘，加以爵賞，亦可得其死力。」又曰：「老病之官，例許致仕，居河北者嫌于避難，居河南者苟於屍祿，職事曠廢。乞遍諭核實，其精力可用者仍舊，年高昏聵不事事者罷之。」又曰：「賦役頻煩，河南百姓新強舊乏，諸路豪民行販市易，侵土人之利，未有定籍，一無庸調，乞權宜均定。如知而輒避、事過複來者，許諸人捕告，以軍興法治之。」詔下尚書省議，惟老病官從所言，餘皆不允。

Bi wrote: "Shandong, Hebei, and Hedong garrisons barely hold on—the great river may not be enough. Henan once recruited fighters, but they were mostly idle townspeople with no training. Form a separate army from thousands of relocated conscripts and supervised households—free whole families for merit—and they will fight to win. Martial Guard families hated the war; pick a thousand bold men, reward them, and they will die for you." Sick and aged officials should retire—Hebei men stay to avoid fleeing, Henan men cling to salary, and offices go undone. Review every office: keep the able, dismiss the senile who do nothing." Taxes crush Henan; wealthy itinerant traders evade registers and corvée—equalize this by expedient rule. Let anyone denounce those who dodge duty and return later; punish them under wartime law." The Masters of Writing approved only the proposal on sick officials; all else was rejected.

大元兵圍東平，弼百計應戰，久之，乃解圍去。宣宗賜詔，獎諭將士，賞賚有差。是歲五月，疽發於腦。詔太醫診視，賜禦藥。俄卒。

Yuan forces besieged Dongping; Bi fought by every means until the siege lifted. The emperor rewarded officers and soldiers in graded gifts. That fifth month a brain abscess struck him. Imperial physicians were sent and court medicine given. He soon died.

弼平生無所好，惟喜讀書，閒暇延引儒士，歌詠投壺以為常。所辟如承裔、陀滿胡士門、紇石烈牙吾塔，皆立方面功。治東平，愛民省費，井邑之間，軍民無相訟，有古良將之風焉。

Bi cared only for books; in leisure he gathered scholars and passed time with verse and pitch-pot. Men he promoted—Chengyi, Tuoman Hushimen, Hesilie Yayuta—all won frontier honors. Ruling Dongping he spared the people and expenses; soldiers and civilians rarely sued one another—like the good generals of old.

蒙古綱

Meng Gugang

蒙古綱，本名胡裏綱，咸平府猛安人。承安五年進士，累調補尚書省今史，除國子助教。貞祐初，自請招集西山兵民，進官一階，賜錢二百萬，遷都水監丞，尋加遙授永定軍節度副使。招捕有功，遷太子左諭德，除順州刺史，遷同知大興府事。三年，知河間府事，權河北東路宣撫使，屯冀州。軍食不足，徙濟南。綱欲徙河南，行至徐州，未渡河，尚書省奏：「東平宣撫使完顏弼行事多不盡。」乃以綱權山東宣撫副使。改山東路統軍使，兼知益都府事，權元帥右都監，宣撫如故。四年十月，行元帥府事。綱奏：「山東兵後，楊安兒黨內有故淄王習顯、故留守術羅等家奴，不在赦原，據險作亂，至今未息，民多歸之，乞普賜恩宥。」宣宗即命赦之，仍贖為良。

Meng Gugang, original name Huligang, came from the Xianpingfu meng'an. A Cheng'an year five jinshi, he served as a Masters of Writing clerk and national university assistant instructor. Early in Zhenyou he volunteered to rally western mountain troops and people, gained a rank, two million cash, a waterways post, and remote deputy Yongding army commissioner. Recruitment merit made him left mentor to the heir, Shunzhou prefect, then acting administrator of Daxing. In year three he ran Hejian, acted as Hebei east pacification commissioner, and camped at Jizhou. Short of rations, he moved to Jinan. Gang meant to move to Henan; at Xuzhou the Masters of Writing reported that Dongping pacification commissioner Wanyan Bi was failing in duty." Gang was made acting Shandong pacification vice commissioner. He became Shandong military commissioner and Yidu administrator, acting right marshal overseer, keeping pacification duties. In the fourth year, tenth month, he ran the marshalate. Gang wrote: "After Shandong's wars, bond-servants of the former Prince of Zi and Protector Shiluo among Yang An'er's men still hold the hills—grant a general amnesty." The emperor pardoned them and allowed ransom to free status.

興定三年，奏曰：「濟南介山東兩路之間，最為沖要，被兵日久，雖與東平鄰接，不相統屬，緩急不相應，乞權隸本路，且差近於益都。」詔從之。綱奏：「恩州武城縣艾家凹水濼，清河縣澗口河濼，其深一丈，廣數十裏，險固可恃。因其地形，少加浚治，足以保禦。請遷州民其中，多募義軍以實之。」綱以山東恃東平為重鎮，兵卒少，守城且不足，況欲分部出戰，是安坐以待困也。乃上奏曰：「伏見貞祐三年古裏甲石倫招義軍，設置長校，各立等差，都統授正七品職，副統正八品，萬戶正九品，千戶正班任使，謀克雜班，仍三十人為一謀克，五謀克為一千戶，四千戶為一萬戶，四萬戶為一副統，兩副統為一都統，設一總領提控。今乞依此格募選，以益兵威。」制可。

In Xingding year three he wrote: "Jinan lies between the two Shandong circuits and is vital; though near Dongping it answers to no one in crisis—attach it to this circuit, closer to Yidu." Approved. Gang reported marshes at Wucheng in Enzhou and Qinghe—ten feet deep, miles wide—strong natural defenses. Light dredging would make them defensible. Move civilians in and fill the sites with militia." Gang knew Shandong leaned on Dongping, yet had too few men even to hold the walls—sending detachments out was inviting defeat. He cited Zhenyou year three, when Gulijia Shilun organized militia with graded ranks from company chief through commander-in-chief and an overall commander. Recruit by that pattern to strengthen the army." Approved.

是歲，益都桃林寨總領張林號「張大刀」，據險為亂，自稱安化軍節度使。綱奏：「林勢甚張，乞遣河南馬軍千人，單州經略司以眾接應。」左司郎中李蹊請令綱約燕寧同力殄滅，單州經略使完顏仲元分兵三千人同往。宰相以糧運不給，益都以東，嘯聚不止一張林，宜令綱設備禦，俟來春議之。四年，張林侵掠東平，綱遣元帥右監軍行樞密院事王庭玉討之。至舊縣，遇張林眾萬餘人據嶺為陣，庭玉督兵逾嶺搏戰。林眾少卻，且欲東走。庭玉踵擊，大破之，殺數千人，生擒張林，獲雜畜兵仗萬計。招降虎窟諸寨，悉令歸業。詔賜空名宣敕，聽綱第功遷賞。遣樞密院令史劉顒蒞殺張林于東平。張林乞貰死自效，請曰：「臣兄演在宋為統制，有眾三千，駐即墨、萊陽之境，請以書招之，使轉致諸賊之款密者，相為表裏，然後以檄招益都張林，不從則合擊之，山東不足平也。」所謂益都張林，即據府事逐田琢者也，事見琢傳。綱以林策請於朝，樞密院請羈縻使之。制可，以為萊州兵馬鈐轄。久之，山東不能守，林乃降于宋雲。

That year Zhang Lin of Yidu's Taolin stockade, nicknamed "Zhang the Big Blade," rebelled on rough ground and styled himself Anhua army commissioner. Gang asked for a thousand Henan cavalry and Danzhou frontier support." Director Li Xi wanted Gang and Yan Ning to cooperate; Danzhou commissioner Wanyan Zhongyuan sent three thousand men. Ministers said supplies were short and rebels abounded beyond Yidu—let Gang defend and wait until spring. In year four Zhang Lin raided Dongping; Gang sent right marshal overseer Wang Tingyu against him. At Jiuxian he met over ten thousand of Lin's men on a ridge and charged over it. Lin's force gave ground and tried to flee east. Tingyu pursued, shattered them, killed thousands, captured Lin alive, and seized vast loot and arms. He pacified the Huku stockades and sent people back to their trades. Blank appointment patents let Gang reward men by merit. Privy council clerk Liu Yong oversaw Lin's execution at Dongping. Lin begged for his life and offered: "My brother Yan commands three thousand Song troops near Jimo and Laiyang—recruit him, turn rebel secrets, then summon the other Zhang Lin at Yidu—or crush him—and Shandong will fall." The other Zhang Lin of Yidu is the man who seized the yamen and drove out Tian Zhuo—see Zhuo's biography. Gang forwarded the plan; the privy council favored keeping Lin on a loose leash. Approved—Lin became Laizhou forces seal-holder. When Shandong could no longer be held, Lin surrendered to Song Yun.

初，東平提控鄭倜生擒宋將李資，綱奏賞倜。宰臣謂：「李資自稱宋將，無所憑據，請詳究其實。」綱奏：「臣自按問俱獲宋將統制十餘人，皆以資為將無異辭。此輩力屈就擒，豈肯虛稱偽將，以重獲者之功？今多故之際，賞功後時，將士且解體。凡行賞必求形跡，過為逗遛，甚未可也。」詔即賞之。綱奏：「遼東渡海，必由恩、博二州之間，乞置經略司鎮撫。」從之。興定五年二月，東平解圍，宣宗曲赦境內。凡東平府試諸科中選人，嘗被任使，已逾省試期日，特免省試。惟經童律科即為及第，似涉太優，別日試之。皆從綱所請也。詔以綱、王庭玉、東莒公燕甯保全東平，各遷一階。

Earlier Dongping commander Zheng Tong captured the Song general Li Zi alive; Gang asked to reward him. Ministers said Li Zi claimed to be a Song general without proof—investigate first." Gang replied: "I interrogated over ten captured Song commanders—they all identified Zi as their general. Defeated captives would not invent a fake general to inflate their captor's credit. In such troubled times, delayed rewards will dissolve the army's morale. Insisting on proof for every reward only breeds delay—that will never do. The court ordered an immediate reward. Gang wrote: "Liaodong crossings must pass between En and Bo—I beg a strategic commissionerate there." The emperor agreed. In the second month of Xingding 5, Dongping was relieved and Xuanzong pardoned the region within limits. Dongping examination winners already in service past the provincial exam date were exempt from the provincial round. Only the classics-youth and law tracks could skip to passing at once—too generous—so they were tested separately. All followed Gang's requests. Gang, Wang Tingyu, and Duke of Dongju Yan Ning were each promoted one rank for saving Dongping.

是歲，燕寧戰死。綱奏：「甯所居天勝寨，乃益都險要之地。甯嘗招降群盜胡七、胡八，用為牙校，委以腹心，群盜皆有歸志。及甯死，複懷顧望，胡七、胡八亦反側不安。臣以提控孫邦佐世居泰安，眾心所屬，遂署招撫使。以提控黃摑兀也充總領，副之。此當先奏可，顧事勢危迫，故輒授之。」燕寧死而綱勢孤矣。綱奏請移軍于河南，詔百官議，御史大夫紇石烈胡失門以下皆曰：「金城湯池，非粟不守。東平孤城，四無應援，萬一失之，則官吏兵民俱盡。宜徙之河南，以助防秋。」翰林待制抹撚阿虎德奏曰：「車駕南遷，恃大河以為險。大河以東平為籓籬，今乃棄之，則大河不足恃矣。兵以將為主，將以心為主，蒙古綱既欲棄之，決不可使之守矣。宜就選將士之願守者擢用之，別遣官為行省，付以兵馬鎧仗，從宜規畫軍食。」樞密院請用胡失門議，焚其樓櫓廨舍而徙之。宣宗曰：「此事朕不能決擇，眾議可者行之。」樞密院頗采阿虎德議，許綱內徙，率所部女直、契丹、漢軍五千人，行省邳州。元帥左監軍王庭玉將余軍屯黃陵岡，行元帥府事。於是，綱改兼靜難軍節度使，行省邳州。自此山東事勢去矣。

That year Yan Ning fell in battle. Gang wrote: "Ning's Tiansheng stockade is a vital strongpoint of Yidu. Ning had turned bandit leaders Hu Seven and Hu Eight into trusted ya-commanders, and the outlaw bands were ready to come over. After Ning's death they wavered again, and Hu Seven and Hu Eight grew restless. I appointed Tai'an native Commander Sun Bangzuo pacification commissioner—the men trust him. Commander Huang Zhuaye served as his deputy overall leader. I should have sought approval first, but the crisis forced my hand." With Yan Ning dead, Gang stood alone. Gang asked to shift the army to Henan; the court debated; Censor-in-Chief Geshilie Hushimen and others said, "Walls of gold and moats of boiling water still need grain to hold. Dongping is isolated—lose it and officials, troops, and people perish together. Move them to Henan to reinforce the autumn defense." Hanlin attendant Monian Ahude objected: "The court moved south trusting the Yellow River as its shield. Dongping was the river's bulwark—abandon it and the river is no shield. Troops follow their commander and commanders follow their hearts—if Gang means to abandon Dongping, he must not be left to hold it. Choose willing defenders, send a separate branch-secretary chief with arms and supplies, and let him arrange rations as needed." The privy council favored Hushimen's plan—to burn the fortifications and evacuate. Xuanzong said, "I cannot decide this alone—do what the majority approves." The privy council mostly took Ahude's side, let Gang withdraw with five thousand Jurchen, Khitan, and Han troops, and posted him at Pizhou. Marshal left overseer Wang Tingyu held Huangling Hill with the remainder and ran the marshalate. Gang became concurrent Jingnan commissioner and Pizhou branch secretary. From that moment Shandong was effectively lost.

是歲六月，以歸德、邳、宿、徐、泗乏軍食，詔綱率所部就食睢州。綱奏：「宿州連年饑饉，加之重斂，百姓離散。鎮防軍遽征逋課，窘迫陵辱有甚於官，眾不勝其酷，皆懷報復之心。近日，高羊哥等苦其佃戶，佃戶憤怒，執羊哥等投之井中。武夫不識緩急，乃至於此。乞一切所負並令停止，俟夏秋收成征還，軍人量增廩給，可也。」詔議行之。元光二年三月，以邳州經略司隸綱，令募勇敢，收復山東。

That sixth month, Guide, Pi, Su, Xu, and Si ran short of rations, so Gang was ordered to feed his troops at Suizhou. Gang wrote: "Suzhou has faced famine year after year, and heavy levies have driven the people away. Garrison troops suddenly collected arrears and bullied the people worse than the civil authorities—everyone seethed with payback in mind. Recently Gao Yangge and others abused their tenants until the tenants seized them and threw them down a well. Soldiers who grasp neither urgency nor restraint have come to this. Stop all collections now, resume after the harvest, and modestly increase troops' rations—that should suffice." The court approved and enacted it. In Yuanguang 2, third month, Pizhou's strategic office was put under Gang to raise brave men and retake Shandong.

初，碭山首領數人，以減罷懷忿怨，誘脅餘眾作亂，引水環城以自固，構浮橋於河上，結紅襖賊為援。同簽樞密院事徒單牙剌哥會諸道兵討之。綱雲：「碭山北近大河，南近汴堤，東西二百里，大河分派其間，幹灘泥淖，步騎俱不可行，惟宜輕舟往來。可選銳卒數千與水軍埽兵，以舟二百艘，由便道斷浮梁，絕紅襖之援。募膽勇有口辯者，持牒密諭之以離間其黨，與臣已遣三人入賊中。複分兵屯要害，別以三百人巡邏。乞賜空名告身，從便遷賞。」樞密院奏：「已委監軍王庭玉駐歸德、寧陵備之矣。仍令牙剌哥水陸並進，先行招誘，不從，乃合擊之。其空名告身，宜從所請，以責成功。」

At first several Dangshan leaders, angry over cuts and dismissals, rallied the rest into revolt, flooded moats around their town, bridged the river, and allied with Red-Cloak rebels. Privy council co-signatory Tushan Yalage gathered forces from every circuit against them. Gang said Dangshan lies between the Yellow River and the Bian dyke for two hundred li, with channels and mudflats impassable to infantry and cavalry—only light boats will serve. Send several thousand elite troops and naval barrier crews in two hundred boats by the shortest route to cut the pontoon and isolate the Red Cloaks. Recruit bold, eloquent agents with sealed orders to split their ranks—I have already sent three men inside. Post detachments at key points and set three hundred men to patrol. Grant blank appointment warrants so I may reward men on the spot." The privy council reported Wang Tingyu already stationed at Guide and Ningling on guard. Yalage would advance by land and river, offer terms first, and attack only if they refused. The blank warrants should be granted as requested, to drive success."

無何，碭山賊夜襲永城縣，行軍副總領高琬、萬戶麻吉擊走之，殺傷及溺死者甚眾，奪其所俘掠而還。詔綱並力討之。綱遣降人陳松持牒招李全，全縛松將斬之，已而但黥其面遣還。綱奏：「全有歸國意，嚴實、張林亦可招之。」此謂益都張林也。詔擬實一品官職，封國公，仍世襲。全階正三品、職正二品。林山東西路宣撫使兼知益都府事，與全皆賜田百頃。受命往招者先授正七品官職，賜銀二十五兩，事成遷五品。會綱遇害而止。

Soon Dangshan rebels raided Yongcheng by night; deputy commander Gao Wan and commander Maji drove them off with heavy casualties and recovered the booty. Gang was ordered to press the campaign with full force. Gang sent defector Chen Song with a summons to Li Quan; Quan bound him for execution, then only branded his face and released him. Gang wrote that Li Quan wished to return, and Yan Shi and Zhang Lin could be won over too." This meant the Zhang Lin of Yidu. Shi was to receive first-rank office, a ducal state fief, and hereditary rank. Quan was given rank 3a and office 2a. Lin became east-west Shandong pacification commissioner and Yidu prefect; he and Quan each received a hundred qing of land. Envoys were pre-appointed to rank 7b with twenty-five liang of silver, rising to 5b on success. Gang's murder ended the effort.

綱禦下嚴，信賞必罰，邳州軍不樂屬綱。八月辛未朔，邳州從宜經略使納合六哥、都統金山顏俊率沂州軍士百余人晨入行省，殺綱及僚屬于省署，遂據州反。樞密院奏請出空名宣敕，設重賞招誘。丞相高汝礪曰：「懸重賞募死士，必有能取之者。」宣宗不得已，下詔罪綱，以撫諭六哥。六哥遣人送綱屍及虎符牌印，終不肯出。乃升經略司為元帥府，加六哥泗州防禦使，權元帥左監軍，副使烏古論老漢加邳州刺史，權右監軍。頃之，邳州卒逃歸，詣總帥牙吾塔言，六哥已結李全為助。遣總領孛術魯留住等毀其橋樑，攻破承安、青陽寨，留兵戍守。六哥惶懼，乃言待李全兵入邳州，誘而殺之，以圖報效。宣宗曰：「李全豈無心者，六哥能誘而殺之，殆詐耳。」十月壬辰，牙吾塔圍邳州，急攻之。紅襖賊高顯等殺六哥，函首以獻。詔加顯三品官職，授世襲謀克，侯進四品，陳榮、邢進、邊全、魏興、孫仲皆五品，賞銀有差。

Gang ruled harshly with strict rewards and punishments, and the Pizhou garrison resented him. On the first day of the eighth month, Pizhou commissioner Nahe Liuge and commander Yan Jun of Jinshan led over a hundred Yizhou troops at dawn into the branch yamen, murdered Gang and his staff, and seized the city in revolt. The privy council asked for blank edicts and heavy bounties to lure defectors. Chancellor Gao Ruli said, "Offer a rich bounty for daredevils—someone will bring him in." Xuanzong, with no choice, condemned Gang by edict to placate Liuge. Liuge sent Gang's body and the tiger tally and seals, but still refused to surrender. The strategic office became a marshalate; Liuge became Sizhou defender and acting left overseer; Wugulun Laohan became Pizhou prefect and acting right overseer. Soon a Pizhou deserter told commander Hesheli Yawuta that Liuge had enlisted Li Quan. He sent overall leader Bishilu Liuzhu to destroy their bridges and take Chengan and Qingyang stockades, leaving garrisons behind. Terrified, Liuge claimed he would lure Li Quan's men into Pizhou and kill them to prove his loyalty. Xuanzong said, "Li Quan is no fool—if Liuge can lure and kill him, that is probably a ruse." On the tenth month's renchen day, Hesheli Yawuta besieged Pizhou and stormed it fiercely. Red-Cloak rebel Gao Xian and others killed Liuge and presented his head in a box. Xian was raised to rank 3 with hereditary meng'an status; Hou Jin to 4; Chen Rong, Xing Jin, Bian Quan, Wei Xing, and Sun Zhong to 5—with silver rewards apportioned.

必蘭阿魯帶

Here begins the biography of Bilanaludai.

必蘭阿魯帶，貞祐初，累官甯化州刺史。二年，同知真定府事，權河北、大名宣撫副使。三年，保全贊皇，加遙授安武軍節度使，改昭義軍節度使、充宣撫副使。閱月，權元帥左都監行元帥府事，節度、宣撫如故。遣都統奧屯喜哥複取威州及獲鹿縣。既而詔擇義軍為三等，阿魯帶奏：「自去歲初置帥府，已按閱本軍，去其冗食。部分既定，上下既親，故能所向成功，此皆血戰屢試而可者。父子兄弟自相救援，各顧其家，心一力齊，勢不可離。今必析之，將互易其處，不相諳委矣。國家糧儲常患不繼，豈容僥冒其間？但本府之兵不至是耳。事勢方殷，分別如此，彼居中下，將氣挫心懈而不可用。且義軍率皆農民，已散歸田畝，趨時力作，徵集旬日，農事廢而歲計失矣。乞本府所定，無輕變易。」詔許之。阿魯帶繕完州縣之可守者，其不可守者遷徙其民，依險為柵以備緩急。

Bilanaludai rose through the ranks to Ninghua prefect early in Zhenyou. In year two he became associate prefect of Zhending and acting Hebei-Daming pacification vice commissioner. In year three he saved Zanhuang, received a nominal Anwu commission, and became Zhaoyi commissioner while keeping the pacification post. A month later he became acting chief left overseer running the marshalate, retaining his commissioner titles. He sent commander Aotun Xige to retake Weizhou and Huolu. Soon the court ordered the militia divided into three grades; Bilanaludai protested: "Since we set up the marshalate last year we have inspected the troops and cut dead weight. With ranks fixed and officers close to their men, they win wherever sent—these are veterans proven in blood. Fathers, sons, and brothers fight for one another and their households—united in heart and force they cannot be split. Split them now and they will swap places without knowing one another. State granaries already run dry—how can we tolerate freeloaders in the ranks? Only our command's troops are not yet at that point. In the present crisis such a split would demoralize the middle and lower ranks and leave them useless. Most militiamen are farmers already back on their fields—call them up for ten days and the harvest is ruined. Keep the arrangement our command has set—do not alter it lightly." The emperor agreed. Bilanaludai fortified defensible counties, evacuated the rest, and built mountain stockades for emergencies.

澤州舊隸昭義軍，近年改隸孟州，阿魯帶奏：「澤州城郭堅完，器械具備，若屯兵數千，臣能保守之。今聞議遷於青蓮寺山寨，距州既遠，地形狹隘，所容無幾。一旦有急，所保者少，所遣者多，徒棄名城以失太行之險，則沁南、昭義不通問矣。」詔澤州複隸昭義軍。

Zezhou once belonged to the Zhaoyi Army but had lately been put under Mengzhou; Bilanaludai wrote: "Zezhou's walls and arsenals are intact—with a few thousand troops I can hold it. I hear they mean to move to the Qinglian Temple hill fort—too far, too cramped, and it holds too few. In crisis fewer would be defended while more were exposed; abandoning a great city forfeits Taihang's chokepoint and cuts Qinnan and Zhaoyi off from one another." Zezhou was restored to the Zhaoyi Army.

是歲，潼關失守，阿魯帶趨備藍田、商州，乃陳河北利害，略曰：「今忻、代撤戍，太原帥府眾才數千，平陽行省兵亦不多，河東、河北之勢，全恃潞州，潞州兵強，則國家基本漸可複立。臣已將兵離境，乞複置潞州帥府。」阿魯帶行次澠池，右副元帥蒲察阿裏不孫敗績，逃匿不知所在。阿魯帶亦被創，收集潰卒，臥澠池。詔還潞州。

That year, when Tong Pass fell, Bilanaludai rushed to secure Lantian and Shangzhou and argued for Hebei: "With garrisons pulled from Xin and Dai, Taiyuan's few thousand troops, and little at Pingyang, Hedong and Hebei hinge on Luzhou—strengthen Luzhou and the dynasty's base can rise again. I have already marched beyond the border—I beg the Luzhou marshalate be restored." At Mianchi, Bilanaludai learned that right vice marshal Pucha Alibusun had been routed and fled—his whereabouts unknown. Bilanaludai too was wounded; he gathered the rout and lay convalescent at Mianchi. He was ordered back to Luzhou.

贊曰：貞祐之時，僕散安貞定山東，僕散端鎮陝西，胥鼎控制河東，侯摯經營趙、魏，其措注施設有可觀者。故田琢撫青、齊，完顏弼保東平，必蘭阿魯帶守上党，皆向用有功焉。高琪忌功，汝礪固位，西啟夏釁，南挑宋兵。宣宗道謀是用，煦煦以為慈，皦皦以為明，孑孑以為強。既而潼關破毀，崤、澠喪敗，汴州城門不啟連月，高琪方且增陴浚隍為自守計，繕禦寨以祈逃死。然後田琢走益都而青、齊裂，蒙古綱去東平而兗、魯蹙，僕散安貞死而南伐無功。雖曰天道，亦由人事。自是以往，無足言者矣。

The appraisal runs: Under Zhenyou, Pusan Anzhen held Shandong, Pusan Duan guarded Shaanxi, Xu Ding controlled Hedong, and Hou Zhi ran Zhao and Wei—their measures still repay study. Tian Zhuo had pacified Qing and Qi, Wanyan Bi had held Dongping, and Bilanaludai had guarded Shangdang; each had been trusted and had served with distinction. Gao Qi resented others' achievements while Ru Li clung to office; they stirred trouble with Xia in the west and goaded the Song in the south. Emperor Xuanzong followed their advice, mistaking mere warmth for true kindness, surface brightness for real insight, and showy resolve for genuine strength. Soon Tong Pass lay in ruins, the Xiao and Mian fronts collapsed, and the gates of Bianzhou stayed shut for months while Gao Qi busied himself thickening walls and digging moats to hold the capital and threw up redoubts in the hope of outliving the siege. Only then did Tian Zhuo flee to Yidu as Qing and Qi came apart, Meng Gugang abandon Dongping as Yan and Lu tightened, and Pusan Anzhen die with the southern expeditions yielding nothing. One may call it the mandate of Heaven, yet it was human choice as well. After that, there is little left worth recounting.

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