1
徒單兀典
Tudan Wudian
2
徒單兀典，不知其所始，累官為武勝軍節度使，駐鄧州。 尋遷中京留守，知金昌府事，駐洛陽。 鄧及洛陽兀典皆城之，且招亡命千人，號「熊虎軍」，以剽掠南鄙為事。 宋人亦時時報復，邊民為之搔動。 兀典資性深刻，而以大自居，好設耳目，凡諸將官屬下及民家細事，令親昵日報之，務為不可欺。 正大間，以兵部尚書權參知政事，行省事於徐州。 自恃得君，論議之際，不少假貸。 同列皆畏之。
Tudan Wudian's origins are not recorded. He rose through successive posts to military commissioner of the Wusheng Army and was stationed at Dengzhou. He was soon transferred to defender of the Central Capital and superintendent of Jinchang Prefecture, with his headquarters at Luoyang. Wudian fortified both Dengzhou and Luoyang, recruited a thousand outlaws into a force he called the "Bear-Tiger Army," and set them to raiding the southern frontier. The Song forces retaliated from time to time as well, and the border people lived in constant unrest. Wudian was deep and severe by nature yet carried himself as a grandee. He cultivated a network of informants so that generals, officials, subordinates, and even the petty affairs of common households were reported to him daily—he was determined that nothing escape his notice. During the Zhengda reign he was appointed minister of war and acting councilor of state, with provincial authority at Xuzhou. Secure in the emperor's favor, he showed little forbearance in council deliberations. His colleagues all feared him.
3
天興元年正月，朝廷聞大兵入饒風，移兀典行省閿鄉，以備潼關。 徒單百家為關陝總帥，便宜行事。 百家馳入陝，榜州民雲：「淮南透漏軍馬，慮其道由潼關，勢不能守，縣鎮遷入大城，糧斛輜重聚之陝州，近山者入山寨避兵。」 會阿裏合傳旨召兀典入援，兀典遂與潼關總帥納合合閏、秦藍總帥都點檢完顏重喜、安平都尉苗秀、蕩寇都尉術甲某、振武都尉張翼及虎威、鷹揚、葭州劉趙二帥，軍十有一萬、騎五千，盡撒秦藍諸隘之備。 從虢入陝。 同、華、閿鄉一帶軍糧數十萬斛，備關船二百餘艘，皆順流東下。 俄聞大兵近，糧皆不及載，船悉空下。 複盡起州民，連靈寶、硤石倉粟，遊騎至，殺掠不勝計。 又遣陝州觀察副使兼規措轉運副使抹撚速也以船八十往運潼關、閿鄉糧，行及靈寶北河夾灘。 義軍張信、侯三集壯士三百余，保老幼，立水柵。 北將忽魯罕只乘淺攻之不能克，遇速也船至即降，大兵得此船遂破侯、張，殺戮殆盡。
In the first month of Tianxing 1 (1232), the court learned that the Mongol army had entered Raofeng. Wudian's provincial headquarters was transferred to Minxiang to prepare the defense of Tong Pass. Tudan Baijia was appointed overall commander of the Guan-Shaan region with discretionary authority. Baijia rode posthaste into Shaanzhou and posted a notice to the people: "Enemy forces have broken through from Huainan. Fearing they may advance by way of Tong Pass, we cannot hold this position. Move from the county towns into the major cities; concentrate grain and baggage at Shaanzhou; those near the mountains should take refuge in stockaded strongholds." Just then Aliha relayed an imperial order summoning Wudian to reinforce the capital. Wudian assembled Tong Pass commander-in-chief Nahan Hehun, Qin-Lan overall commander and chief inspector Wanyan Chongxi, commandants Miao Xiu of Anping, Shujia Mou of Bandit-Suppression, and Zhang Yi of Zhenwu, along with the Tiger Might, Eagle Soar, and the Liu and Zhao commanders of Jia Prefecture—eleven thousand foot soldiers and five thousand horsemen—and stripped all the pass defenses in Qin and Lan. They entered Shaanzhou from Guo Prefecture. Several hundred thousand hu of military grain in the Tong, Hua, and Minxiang region, along with more than two hundred supply boats, were all sent downstream to the east. Soon word came that the Mongol army was near. There was no time to load the grain, and the boats sailed downstream empty. They mobilized the entire prefectural population and emptied the granaries of Lingbao and Xiaoshi as well. When Mongol scouting parties arrived, the killing and plundering were beyond reckoning. They also sent Shaanzhou assistant surveillance commissioner and concurrent assistant transport commissioner Mo'nian Suoye with eighty boats to transport grain from Tong Pass and Minxiang. The convoy reached the narrows of the northern river at Lingbao. Volunteer commanders Zhang Xin and Hou San rallied more than three hundred stalwarts to protect the elderly and children and erected a water barrier. The Mongol general Huluhazi attacked at the shallows but could not break through. When Suoye's boats arrived he surrendered immediately. The Mongols seized those boats, overran Hou and Zhang's force, and slaughtered nearly everyone.
4
是時陝州同知內族探春願從行省征進，兀典授以帥職，聽招在城民充軍。 探春厚擬官賞。 數日無一人，乃以兀典命招之，得壯士八百。 宣差趙三三名偉，亦依探春招募，偉人所知識，不二日得軍八百餘，號「破敵軍」。 兀典忌偉得眾，欲挾詐坑之。 完顏素蘭時為同華安撫使，力諫乃止。 尋以偉權興寶軍節度使，兼行元帥府事，領軍三百，屯金雞堡。 大兵即知潼關焚棄，長驅至陝。 賀都喜不待命出城迎戰，馬蹶幾為所獲，兀典易以一馬，遂下令不復令一人出，大兵亦去。 自此潼關諸渡船筏俱盡，偉亦無船可渡矣。
At this time Shaanzhou vice prefect Tanchun of the imperial clan volunteered to join the provincial headquarters on campaign. Wudian gave him a commander's commission and authorized him to recruit city residents into the army. Tanchun promised generous official rewards. For several days not a single man enlisted. Only when recruitment was conducted under Wudian's direct order did they raise eight hundred stalwarts. Imperial commissioner Zhao San, whose personal name was Wei, recruited in the same manner. Drawing on men he knew personally, he raised more than eight hundred troops in less than two days and called them the "Enemy-Breaking Army." Wudian resented Wei for winning such a following and plotted to destroy him by treachery. Wanyan Sulan, then pacification commissioner of Tong and Hua, remonstrated forcefully, and Wudian abandoned the plan. Wei was soon appointed acting military commissioner of the Xingbao Army with concurrent metropolitan command authority, leading three hundred troops stationed at Golden Rooster Fort. The Mongols learned at once that Tong Pass had been burned and abandoned and marched straight to Shaanzhou. He Duxi went out to give battle without awaiting orders. His horse stumbled and he was nearly captured. Wudian gave him a replacement mount, then ordered that no one else leave the city. The Mongol army withdrew as well. From then on every boat and raft at the Tong Pass crossings was gone, and Wei had no means to cross the river either.
5
初，兀典發閿鄉，拜天，賞軍，人白金三兩，將校有差。 州之庫藏，軍資器械，為之一空。 期日進發，已而不行，日造銀器及兵幕牌印，陝州及鹽司牌亦奪取之。 又欲卻州民財物以資軍，素蘭諫之而止。 二月戊午，乃行。 有李先生者諫曰：「方今大兵俱在河南，河北空虛，相公可先取衛州，出其不意。 彼知我軍在北，必分兵北渡，京師即得少寬，相公入援亦易為矣。」 兀典大怒，以為泄軍機，斬之於市，遂行。 軍士各以老幼自隨。 州中亦有關中、河中遷避商賈老幼，亦倚兵力從行，婦女皆嫁士卒，軍中亦有強娶奪者。 是日，軍出兩東門及南門，不遵洛陽路，乃由州西南徑入大山冰雪中。 葭州劉、趙兩帥即日叛去，大兵以數百騎遙躡其後。 明日，張翼軍叛往硃陽，入鹿盧關，大兵追及降之。 山路積雪，晝日凍釋，泥淖及脛，隨軍婦女棄擲幼稚，哀號盈路。 軍至鐵嶺，大兵潛召洛陽大軍從西三縣過盧氏，所至燒官民廬舍積聚，慮為金軍所據，又反守鐵嶺，以斷歸路。 金兵知必死，皆有鬥志，然已數日不食，行二百里許，困憊不支，頗亦散走。 於是完顏重喜先降，大軍斬于馬前。 鄭倜劫苗英降，英不從，殺之，攜其首以降，於是士卒大潰。 兀典、合閏提數十騎走山間，追騎禽得，皆殺之。 先是，兀典嘗為鄧州節度使，世襲謀克黃摑三合時為宣差都總領，與兀典親厚，故決計入鄧。 是役也，安平、蕩寇、鷹揚、振威諸都尉，及西安、金雞等軍，脫走者百才一二。
When Wudian first set out from Minxiang, he worshipped Heaven and rewarded the troops—three taels of silver per soldier, with graded amounts for officers. The prefectural treasuries and all military stores and equipment were emptied. A departure date was set, yet they did not march. Day after day Wudian had silver vessels, military tent plaques, and seals manufactured, and he seized the official plaques of Shaanzhou and the Salt Commission as well. He also planned to seize civilian property to fund the army, but Sulan's remonstrance put a stop to it. On the wuwu day of the second month they finally set out. A certain Master Li remonstrated: "The Mongol army is now entirely in Henan, and Hebei lies empty. Your Excellency could seize Weizhou first and take them by surprise. Once they learn our army is in the north, they will have to divide their forces to cross the river, giving the capital some breathing room and making your relief march far easier." Wudian flew into a rage, accused him of leaking military secrets, and had him executed in the marketplace before marching on. Every soldier brought his elderly dependents and children along. Merchants and their families who had fled from Guanzhong and Hezhong also joined the column, trusting in military protection. Women were married off to soldiers, and some soldiers seized wives by force. That day the army marched out through both eastern gates and the southern gate, avoiding the Luoyang road and plunging southwest from the prefecture straight into snowbound mountains. The Liu and Zhao commanders of Jia Prefecture defected that same day. Several hundred Mongol horsemen trailed the column at a distance. The next day Zhang Yi's force defected toward Zhuyang and entered Lulu Pass. The Mongols caught up and accepted their surrender. Snow lay deep on the mountain paths. By day it thawed and refroze, mud reaching to the shins. Women in the column abandoned their infants, and wailing filled the road. When the Jin army reached Tieling, the Mongols secretly summoned their Luoyang forces through the three western counties via Lushi. Wherever they went they burned official and civilian buildings and stores lest the Jin seize them, then turned back to hold Tieling and cut off the retreat. The Jin soldiers knew they faced certain death and fought with desperate resolve, but they had not eaten for days. After marching some two hundred li they collapsed from exhaustion, and many scattered in flight. Wanyan Chongxi was the first to surrender, and the Mongols beheaded him before their horses. Zheng Tong tried to force Miao Ying to surrender. Ying refused and was killed. Tong carried Ying's head to the Mongols and surrendered, and the army collapsed in rout. Wudian and Hehun fled through the mountains with several dozen horsemen. Pursuers overtook and captured them, and both were executed. Wudian had previously served as military commissioner of Dengzhou. The hereditary commander Huangzha Sanheshi, then imperial commissioner and overall chief, was on close terms with him, which is why the army resolved to march toward Deng. Of the Anping, Bandit-Suppression, Eagle Soar, and Zhenwei commandants and the Xi'an, Golden Rooster, and other units, scarcely one or two in a hundred escaped.
6
二月，素蘭竄歸，有報徒單百家言「行省至」，百家欲出迎，父老遮馬前哀訴雲：「行省複來，吾州碎矣，願無出迎。」 百家曉之曰：「前日兀典，欲劫此州，為素蘭力勸而止，此行省非兀典，乃素蘭也。」 父老乃聽百家出城。 陝州自軍出。 日有逃還者，百家皆撫納之，所得及萬人。 百家又募收所棄甲仗。 若獲二副，即以一與之，其一官出直買之，由是軍稍振。
In the second month Sulan fled back to Shaanzhou. Someone reported to Tudan Baijia that the provincial headquarters was approaching. Baijia prepared to go out and welcome them, but elders blocked his horse and pleaded: "If the provincial headquarters returns, our prefecture will be ruined—please do not go out to meet them." Baijia explained: "It was Wudian who wanted to plunder this prefecture the other day, and only Sulan's forceful persuasion stopped him. The man approaching is not Wudian—it is Sulan." The elders relented and allowed Baijia to leave the city. From the time the army had marched out of Shaanzhou, fugitives returned day by day. Baijia received and comforted them all, eventually gathering nearly ten thousand men. Baijia also recruited men to collect abandoned arms and armor. For every two sets recovered, one was given to the finder and the government bought the other at full price. By this means the army was somewhat restored.
7
五月，總帥副點檢顏盞領軍複立商州總帥。 華州人王某立虢州，權刺史。 七月，制旨召百家入援，以權西安軍節度使、行元帥事阿不罕奴十剌為金安軍節度使、關陝總帥。
In the fifth month, the overall commander's deputy chief inspector Yanzhan led troops and re-established the Shangzhou overall command. A certain Wang of Huazhou established a hold at Guo Prefecture and served as acting prefect. In the seventh month an imperial order summoned Baijia to reinforce the capital. Abuhan Nushila, acting military commissioner of the Xi'an Army with metropolitan command authority, was appointed military commissioner of the Jin'an Army and overall commander of Guan-Shaan.
8
九月，鞏昌知府元帥完顏忽斜虎入陝州，詔拜參知政事，行尚書省事。 以河中總帥府經歷李獻能充左右司員外郎。 獻能字欽叔，貞祐三年進士。 複立山寨，安撫軍民。 十月朔，制旨召忽斜虎赴南陽留山寺，以阿不罕奴十剌權參知政事，行省。
In the ninth month Gongchang prefect and commander Wanyan Huxiehu entered Shaanzhou and was appointed councilor of state with authority over the Secretariat. Li Xianneng, secretary of the Hezhong metropolitan headquarters, was appointed assistant commissioner of the left and right departments. Xianneng, style name Qinshu, had passed the jinshi examination in Zhenyou 3 (1215). He re-established mountain stockades and pacified soldiers and civilians. On the first day of the tenth month an imperial order summoned Huxiehu to Liushan Temple in Nanyang. Abuhan Nushila was appointed acting councilor of state with provincial authority.
9
時趙偉為河解元帥，屯金雞堡，軍務隸陝省，行省月給糧以贍其軍。 明年五月，麥熟，省劄令偉計置兵食，權罷月給。 十月，偉軍食又盡，屢白陝省，雲無糧可給，偉私謂其軍言：「我與李員外郎有隙，坐視我軍饑餓，不為存恤。」 於是自往永甯勸喻，偉頗為小民所信，往往獻糧，或導其發藏。 南縣把隘軍提控以偉橫恣言於行省，行省遣趙提控者權元帥，守永寧元村寨，偉還金雞。
At this time Zhao Wei served as He-Jie commander, stationed at Golden Rooster Fort. His forces were subordinate to the Shaan provincial headquarters, which supplied them with monthly grain rations. The following fifth month, when the wheat ripened, the provincial headquarters ordered Wei to arrange his own provisions and temporarily suspended the monthly rations. By the tenth month Wei's provisions were exhausted again. He repeatedly petitioned the Shaan provincial headquarters, which replied that no grain was available. Wei told his troops privately: "I have a feud with Assistant Commissioner Li. He sits by while our army starves and refuses to help us." He then went to Yongning himself to persuade the people. The common folk trusted Wei, and many brought grain or guided him to hidden stores. The Naxian pass-defense commander reported to the provincial headquarters that Wei was overbearing and insubordinate. The headquarters sent Commander Zhao as acting commander to hold Yongning's Yuanjia stockade, and Wei returned to Golden Rooster Fort.
10
十一月冬至，大兵已攻破元村寨，偉攻解州不能下，於是密遣總領王茂軍士三十人入陝州。 匿菜圃中凡三四日，乘夜，王茂殺北城邏卒，舉號召偉軍八百渡河，入城劫殺阿不罕奴十剌、李獻能、提控蒲鮮某、總領來道安，因誣奏：「奴十剌等欲反，臣誅之矣。」 朝廷知其冤而莫敢詰，就授偉元帥左監軍，兼西安軍節度使，行總帥府事。 食盡。 括粟，粟又盡，以明年三月降大兵。 或謂偉軍餉不繼，以劫掠自資，一日詣李獻能，獻能靳之，曰：「從宜破敵不易。」 由是憾之。 乃乘奴十剌宴飲不設備，選死士二十八人，夜由後河灘逾城而上，取餅爐碎石擲屋瓦門扇為箭鏃聲。 州人疑叛軍多，不敢動，遂開門納軍。 殺行省以下官屬二十一人，獻能最為所恨，故被害尤酷。
On the winter solstice of the eleventh month the Mongols had already taken Yuanjia stockade. Wei attacked Jie Prefecture without success. He then secretly sent overall chief Wang Mao with thirty soldiers into Shaanzhou. They hid in a vegetable garden for three or four days. In the night Wang Mao killed the northern-wall patrol, raised a signal, and summoned Wei's eight hundred troops across the river. They entered the city and killed Abuhan Nushila, Li Xianneng, commander Puxian Mou, and overall chief Lai Dao'an. Wei then filed a false memorial: "Nushila and the others were plotting rebellion. I have executed them." The court knew they had been wronged but dared not investigate. Wei was promptly appointed left army supervising general, military commissioner of the Xi'an Army, with metropolitan command authority. Provisions ran out. Grain was requisitioned until none remained. In the third month of the following year he surrendered to the Mongols. Some say that because Wei's army rations were not sustained, he supported his troops by raiding. One day he called on Li Xianneng, who was stingy with him and said, "Breaking the enemy as circumstances require is no easy matter." From this Wei bore him a grudge. He then took advantage of Nushila feasting without precautions, selected twenty-eight picked warriors, and at night scaled the wall from the rear river beach. They hurled stove stones and roof tiles to mimic the sound of arrow volleys. The townspeople, thinking many rebels had entered, dared not stir. The gates were opened and the troops admitted. They killed twenty-one officials of the provincial staff. Xianneng, whom Wei hated most, suffered an especially cruel death.
11
偉之變，絳州錄事張升字進之，大同人，戶工部令史出身，曾為漁陽簿，遷絳州錄事，謂知識者曰：「我本小人，受國家官祿，今日國家遭不幸，我不能從反賊。」 言訖，赴水死，岸上數百人皆嗟惜之。
When Wei mutinied, Jiangzhou registrar Zhang Sheng, style name Jinzhi, a native of Datong who had risen from a clerkship in the Ministry of Revenue and Works and once served as magistrate of Yuyang, told his acquaintances: "I am only a humble man who has received salary from the state. Now that the state faces calamity, I cannot follow a rebel." With these words he drowned himself in the river. Several hundred people on the bank sighed in sorrow.
12
及徒單百家鄭西之敗，單騎間道數百里入京。 為上言兀典等鐵嶺敗狀。 於是籍重喜、合閏、兀典家貲，暴兀典為罪首，榜通衢雲。
After Tudan Baijia's defeat west of Zheng, he rode alone by hidden paths for several hundred li to reach the capital. He reported to the emperor the circumstances of Wudian's defeat at Tieling. The properties of Chongxi, Hehun, and Wudian were then confiscated. Wudian was denounced as the chief culprit, and placards were posted throughout the capital.
13
石盞女魯歡
Shizhan Nülühuan
14
石盞女魯歡，本名十六。 興定三年，以河南路統軍使為元帥右都監，行平涼元帥府事。 先是，陝西行省胥鼎言：「平涼控制西垂，實為要地。 都監女奚烈古里間材識凡庸，不閑軍務，且以入粟補官，遂得升用，握重兵，當方面，豈能服眾。 防秋在邇，宜選才謀、有宿望、善將兵者代之。」 故以命女魯歡。
Shizhan Nülühuan, whose original name was Shiliu. In Xingding 3 (1219) he was transferred from Henan circuit overall military commissioner to right deputy commander of the metropolitan command, with authority over the Pingliang metropolitan headquarters. Earlier, Shaan provincial commissioner Xu Ding had said: "Pingliang controls the western frontier and is a position of vital importance. Deputy commander Nüxilie Gulijian is mediocre in talent and untrained in military affairs. He gained promotion by purchasing grain for official rank, yet now commands heavy forces on a whole frontier—how can he win the troops' obedience? Autumn defense is approaching. You should select someone of talent and strategy, with a longstanding reputation and skill at commanding troops, to replace him." Nülühuan was therefore appointed to the post.
15
十一月，女魯歡上言：「鎮戎赤溝川，東西四十裏，地無險阻，當夏人往來之沖，比屢侵突，金兵常不得利。 明年春，當城鎮戎，彼必出兵來撓。 乞於二三月間征傍郡兵，聲言防護，且令鄜、鞏各屯兵境上示進伐之勢，以制其肘。 臣領平涼之眾，由鎮戎而入，攻其心腹。 彼自救之不暇，安能及我。 如此則鎮戎可城，而彼亦不敢來犯。 又所在官軍多河北、山西失業之人，其家屬仰給縣官，每患不足。 鎮戎土壤肥沃，又且平衍，臣裨將所統幾八千人，每以遷徙不常為病。 若授以荒田，使耕且戰，則可以禦備一方，縣官省費而食亦足矣。 其餘邊郡亦宜一體措置。」 上嘉納焉。 遷昌武軍節度使。
In the eleventh month Nülühuan memorialized: "At Zhenrong's Red Ditch River, forty li from east to west, the terrain offers no natural barriers. It lies on the route of Tangut movements. They have raided repeatedly of late, and our troops have rarely gained the advantage. Next spring we should fortify Zhenrong. The Tanguts will certainly send troops to interfere. I request that in the second and third months we mobilize troops from neighboring prefectures under the pretext of defense, and station forces from Fu and Gong on the border in a show of advance, to pin the enemy's arms. I will lead Pingliang's forces through Zhenrong to strike at their heartland. They will be too busy saving themselves to trouble us. In this way Zhenrong can be fortified, and they will not dare invade. Moreover, the government troops in these regions are mostly unemployed men from Hebei and Shanxi whose families depend on county stipends that are often insufficient. Zhenrong's soil is fertile and level, and the subordinate generals under my command number nearly eight thousand men. The constant relocations have always been a hardship. If they are granted wasteland to farm while fighting, they could defend the frontier, the government would save expense, and provisions would suffice. The other border prefectures should be arranged in the same way." The emperor praised and accepted the proposal. He was transferred to military commissioner of the Changwu Army.
16
元光二年九月，又言：「商洛重地，西控秦陝，東接河南，軍務繁密，宜選才幹之士為防禦使、攝帥職以鎮之。 又舊來諸隘守禦之官，並從帥府辟置，其所辟者，多其親昵，殖產營私，專事漁獵，及當代去，又複保留，此最害之甚者。 宜令樞府選舉，以革其弊。 又州之戍兵艱於饋運，亦合依上屯田，以免轉輸之費。」 又言：「每年防秋，諸隘守者不過數十人，餘眾盡屯保安、石門、大荊、洛南以為應援，中間相距遠至百里，倉猝豈能徵集。 宜近隘築營。 徙見兵居之，以待緩急。 又南邊所設巡檢十員，兵率千人，此乃平時以詰奸細者，已有大軍。 宜悉罷去。」 朝廷略施行之。
In the ninth month of Yuanguang 2, he memorialized again: "Shangluo is a vital position controlling Qin-Shaan to the west and connecting with Henan to the east. Military affairs there are pressing. A man of talent and capacity should be chosen as defense commissioner with acting command authority to secure it. Moreover, the pass-defense officials have all been appointed by the metropolitan headquarters, and those appointed are mostly commanders' intimates who amass property, extort the people, and devote themselves to private gain. When their terms end they are retained again. This is the worst abuse of all. The Bureau of Military Affairs should select candidates to reform this abuse. The prefectural garrison troops also find supply transport difficult. They too should follow the garrison-farming plan described above to avoid transport costs." He also said: "Each autumn defense season, the pass garrisons hold no more than several dozen men while the rest are stationed at Bao'an, Shimen, Dajing, and Luonan as reinforcements. The distance between them can reach a hundred li. How could they be gathered in an emergency? Camps should be built near the passes. Available troops should be stationed there to await emergencies. Moreover, the ten border inspection commissioners on the southern frontier, each commanding roughly a thousand men, were meant for routine spy-catching duties. A major army is already in place. They should all be abolished." The court implemented his proposals in part.
17
正大九年二月，以行樞密院事守歸德。 乙丑，大元將忒木泬率真定、信安、大名、東平、益都諸軍來攻。 是日，無雲而雷，有以《神武秘略》占之者，曰「其城無害」，人心稍安。 適慶山奴潰軍亦至，城中得之，頗有鬥志。 己巳，提控張定夜出斫營，發數砲而還。 定平日好談兵，女魯歡令自募一軍，使為提控，小試而勝，上下遂恃以為可用。 初患砲少，欲以泥或磚為之，議者恐為敵所輕，不復用。 父老有言北門之西一菜圃中時得古砲，雲是唐張巡所埋，掘之，得五千有奇，上有刻字或「大吉」字者。 大兵晝夜攻城，駐營於南城外，其地勢稍高。 相傳是安祿山將尹子奇於此攻巡、遠，得睢陽。 時經歷冀禹錫及官屬王璧、李琦、傅瑜極力守禦，城得不拔。
In the second month of Zhengda 9, with authority over the Bureau of Military Affairs, he defended Guide. On the yichou day, the Mongol general Temü led armies from Zhending, Xin'an, Daming, Dongping, and Yidu to attack. That day thunder sounded without clouds. Someone divined using the Secret Essentials of Divine Warfare and declared that the city would suffer no harm, and the people's spirits were somewhat reassured. Just then the routed troops of Qingshannu also arrived. The city welcomed them, and morale improved considerably. On the jisi day, commander Zhang Ding led a night raid on the enemy camp, fired several cannon shots, and returned. Ding was ordinarily fond of military talk. Nülühuan ordered him to recruit his own force and appointed him commander. A small trial action ended in victory, and the court came to rely on him. At first they worried about the shortage of cannon and considered making them of clay or brick, but advisers feared the enemy would despise such weapons and the plan was dropped. Elders said that ancient cannon were sometimes found in a vegetable garden west of the north gate, said to have been buried by the Tang general Zhang Xun. They were dug up and more than five thousand were recovered, some inscribed or bearing the character for "great fortune." The Mongol army attacked day and night, encamping south of the outer city on slightly higher ground. Tradition holds that here An Lushan's general Yin Ziqi attacked Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan and captured Suiyang. Secretary Ji Yuxi and officials Wang Bi, Li Qi, and Fu Yu defended with all their strength, and the city held.
18
方大兵圍城，決鳳池大橋水以護城。 都水官言，去歲河決敖游堌時，會以水準量之，其地與城中龍興塔平，果決此口，則無城矣。 及大兵至，不得已遣招撫陳貴往決之，才出門，為遊騎所鈔，無一返者。 三月壬午朔，攻城不能下，大軍中有獻決河之策者，主將從之。 河既決，水從西北而下，至城西南，入故濉水道，城反以水為固。 求獻策者欲殺之，而不知所在。 四月，以女魯歡為總帥，佩金虎符。 罷司農司，以其官蒲察世達為集慶軍節度使、行六部侍郎。 溫特罕道僧歸德府同知，李無黨府判。 五月，圍城稍緩，頗遷民出城就食。
As the Mongol army besieged the city, they planned to breach the Phoenix Pool bridge and release water to protect the city. The director of waterways said that when the river had broken at Aoyougu the previous year, measurements showed the ground was level with the Longxing Pagoda inside the city. If this breach were made, the city would be destroyed. When the Mongol army arrived, they had no choice but to send pacification commissioner Chen Gui to breach the dam. He had barely left the gate when scouting horsemen seized him. Not one man returned. On the first day of the third month, the attack still could not take the city. Someone in the Mongol army proposed breaching the river, and the commander agreed. Once the river was breached, water flowed from the northwest to the city's southwest and entered the old Sui River channel. The city was instead secured by the flood. They sought the man who had proposed the plan in order to kill him, but could not find him. In the fourth month Nülühuan was appointed overall commander and given the golden tiger tally. The Directorate of Agriculture was abolished. Its official Pucha Shida was appointed military commissioner of the Jiqing Army and acting vice minister of the Six Departments. Wentehan Daoseng was appointed Guide Prefecture vice prefect, and Li Wudang was appointed prefectural judge. In the fifth month the siege eased somewhat, and many civilians were sent out of the city to obtain food.
19
十二月，哀宗次黃陵岡，遣奉職術甲搭失不、奉職權奉禦粘合斜烈來歸德征糧。 女魯歡遣侍郎世達，治中王元慶權郎中，儀封從宜完顏胡土權元帥，護送載糧千五百石。 是月晦二更發船。 二年正月，達蒲城東二十裏。 六軍給糧盡，因留船不聽歸，且命張布為幄，上遂用此舟以濟。
In the twelfth month Emperor Aizong halted at Huangling Hill and sent duty officer Shujia Dashibu and acting imperial attendant Nihe Xielie to Guide to levy grain. Nülühuan sent vice minister Shida, administrative supervisor Wang Yuanqing as acting bureau director, and Yifeng attendant Wanyan Hutu as acting commander to escort fifteen hundred shi of grain. At the second watch on the last day of the month the boats set out. In the first month of the following year they reached a point twenty li east of Pucheng. The Six Armies' grain allotment was exhausted. They kept the boats and refused to let them return, ordered Zhang Bu to rig an awning, and the emperor used this vessel to cross the river.
20
及上來歸德，隨駕軍往往出城就糧，時城中止有馬用一軍，近七百人。 用山西人，與李辛同鄉裏，嘗為辛軍彈壓，在歸德權果毅都尉，車駕至，授以帥職。 此軍外複有官奴忠孝軍四百五十人。 河北潰軍至者皆縱遣之，故城中惟此兩軍。 上時召用計事，而不及官奴，故官奴有異心。 朝廷知兩人不協，恐生變。 三月戊辰，制旨令宰相錫宴省中，和解之。 是夜，用撤備，官奴以兵乘之為亂。 明日，攻用軍，用敗走被殺，眾下城投水奪船而去者，斯須而盡。 官奴在雙門，驅知府女魯歡至，言「汝自車駕到府，上供不給，好醬亦不與，汝罪何辭。」 遂以一馬載之。 令軍士擁至其家，檢其家雜醬凡二十甕，且出所有金具，然後殺之。 即提兵入見，言「石盞女魯歡等反，臣殺之矣。」 上不得已，就赦其罪，且暴女魯歡之惡。 後其侄大安入蔡，上言求湔雪，上複其官，語在烏古論鎬傳。
When the emperor came to Guide, the troops accompanying him often left the city to obtain grain. Only Ma Yong's force remained in the city, nearly seven hundred men. Yong was a Shanxi man from the same district as Li Xin and had once been sent to suppress Xin's army. In Guide he served as acting guoyi commandant, and when the imperial carriage arrived he was granted command authority. Besides this force there were also Guannu's Loyalty-and-Filiality Army of four hundred fifty men. Routed troops arriving from Hebei were all dismissed, so only these two forces remained in the city. The emperor summoned Yong to discuss strategy but excluded Guannu, who therefore began to harbor disloyal thoughts. The court knew the two men were at odds and feared an outbreak of trouble. On the wuchen day of the third month an imperial order directed the chief ministers to host a reconciliation banquet in the Secretariat. That night Yong relaxed his guard. Guannu seized the opportunity and raised troops in revolt. The next day he attacked Yong's army. Yong was defeated, fled, and was killed. His men below the city walls threw themselves into the water to seize boats and escape, and within moments they were gone. Guannu was at the Double Gate. He drove Prefect Nülühuan forward and said, "Since the imperial carriage arrived, you have failed to supply the court—even fine sauce you would not provide. What excuse do you have?" He then had him placed on a horse. He ordered soldiers to escort Nülühuan to his home, searched the house, and found twenty jars of assorted sauces along with all his gold vessels. Only then was he killed. He then led his troops in to see the emperor and reported, "Shizhan Nülühuan and others rebelled. I have killed them." The emperor had no choice but to pardon him on the spot and publicly denounced Nülühuan's crimes. Later his nephew Da'an entered Cai and petitioned for vindication. The emperor restored Nülühuan's office. The account appears in the biography of Wugulun Gao.
21
禾速嘉兀底代女魯歡為總帥，軍變，官奴無意害兀底，使二卒召之，道官奴有善意。 兀底喜，各以金十星與之，同見官奴。 二卒複恐受金事泄，亦殺之。
Hesujia Wudi replaced Nülühuan as overall commander. During the army disturbance Guannu had no wish to harm Wudi and sent two soldiers to summon him, saying Guannu meant him no harm. Wudi was pleased and each gave the soldiers ten stars of gold. They went together to see Guannu. The two soldiers then feared that accepting the gold would be exposed, and they killed Wudi as well.
22
初，河北潰軍至歸德，糧餉不給。 朝庭命孛術魯阿海行總帥府事，以親軍武衛皆隸之。 往宿州就食，軍士有不願者，誶語道中，朝廷聞之，使問其故。 或言願入京或陳州，阿海請從其願，以券給之，軍心稍定。 既而令求誶語者，阿海得四人，斬之國子監前，由是諸軍洶洶。 二月庚子夜，劫府民武邦傑及蒲察咬住等凡九家，一軍遂散。 數日，遂有官奴之變。
When routed troops from Hebei first reached Guide, provisions were not supplied. The court ordered Xuezhulu Ahai to exercise metropolitan command authority, with the imperial guard Wuwei placed under his command. They were sent to Suzhou to obtain food. Some soldiers were unwilling and cursed along the road. The court heard of it and sent to inquire why. Some said they wished to go to the capital or Chen Prefecture. Ahai asked permission to grant their wishes and issued them passes. Army morale settled somewhat. Shortly afterward the court ordered those who had cursed to be found. Ahai seized four men and beheaded them before the Directorate of Education, throwing the armies into uproar. On the gengzi night of the second month they robbed nine households including prefectural resident Wu Bangjie and Pucha Yaozhu. One entire army then scattered. Within days Guannu's mutiny followed.
23
蒲察官奴
Pucha Guannu
24
蒲察官奴，少嘗為北兵所虜，往來河朔。 後以奸事系燕城獄，劫走夏津，殺回紇使者得鞍馬資貨，即自拔歸。 朝廷以其種人，特恩收充忠孝軍萬戶。 此軍月給甚憂，官奴日與群不逞博，為有司所劾。 事聞，以其新自河朔來，未知法禁，詔勿問。
Pucha Guannu was once captured by northern troops in his youth and traveled back and forth across Heshuo. Later he was imprisoned in Yancheng for a criminal affair, broke out at Xiajin, killed a Uyghur envoy, seized saddles, horses, and goods, and made his own way back. Because he was of their ethnic group, the court specially favored him and enrolled him as commander of ten thousand of the Loyalty-and-Filiality Army. This army's monthly pay was very meager. Guannu gambled daily with a band of ruffians and was impeached by the authorities. When the matter was reported, an edict ordered that he not be prosecuted, on the grounds that he had newly come from Heshuo and did not yet know the laws.
25
移剌蒲阿攻平陽，官奴請行，論功第一，遷本軍提控，佩金符。 三峰山之敗，走襄陽，說宋制使以取鄧州自效，制使信之，至與同燕飲。 已而知汴城罷攻，複謀北歸。 遣移剌留哥入鄧，說鄧帥粘合，稱欲劫南軍為北歸計。 留哥以情告粘合，官奴繼以騎卒十餘入城議事，粘合欲就甕城中擒之。 官奴知事泄，即馳還，見制得騎兵五百，掠鄧之邊面小城，獲牛羊數百，宋人不疑。 官奴掩宋軍得馬三百，至鄧州城下，移書粘合辨理屈直，留馬于鄧而去。 乃縛忠孝軍提控姬旺，詐為唐州太守，械送北行，隨營帳取供給，因得入汴。 有言其出入南北軍，行數千里而不懾，其智略有可取者，宰相以為然，乃使權副都尉。 未幾，提軍數百馳入北軍獵騎中，生挾一回紇而還。 遂巡黃陵、八穀等處，劫牛羊糧資甚眾，尋轉正都尉。 又以軍至黃陵，幾獲鎮州大將，於是中外皆以為可用，遂拜為元帥，統馬軍。
When Yila Pu'a attacked Pingyang, Guannu volunteered to go and ranked first in merit. He was promoted to commander of his army and given the golden tally. After the defeat at Sanfeng Mountain he fled to Xiangyang and persuaded the Song commissioner to let him capture Dengzhou to prove his loyalty. The commissioner trusted him and even drank with him at the same banquet. When he learned the siege of Bian had been lifted, he plotted again to return north. He sent Yila Liuge into Deng to persuade Deng commander Nihe, claiming he planned to seize the southern army to facilitate his return north. Liuge told Nihe the truth. Guannu followed with more than ten horsemen to enter the city for talks. Nihe planned to capture him in the jar-city fortification. Guannu learned the plot was exposed and galloped back. He obtained five hundred horsemen from the commissioner, raided small towns on Deng's border, seized several hundred cattle and sheep, and the Song suspected nothing. Guannu ambushed Song troops and seized three hundred horses. He reached Dengzhou, sent Nihe a letter arguing his case, left the horses at Deng, and departed. He bound Loyalty-and-Filiality Army commander Ji Wang, falsely presented him as prefect of Tangzhou, and sent him north in fetters. Following the camp for supplies, Guannu thereby entered Bian. Some said that his ability to move between northern and southern armies and travel thousands of li without fear showed resourcefulness worth employing. The chief minister agreed and appointed him acting deputy commandant. Before long he led several hundred men into the Mongol hunting parties, seized a Uyghur alive, and returned. He then ranged through Huangling, Bagu, and other places, seizing large numbers of cattle, sheep, grain, and goods. He was soon promoted to full commandant. Leading troops to Huangling again, he nearly captured the Zhenzhou commander. Thereafter court and camp alike considered him employable, and he was appointed commander with authority over the cavalry.
26
是時，惟官奴忠孝軍四百五十人、馬用軍七百人留府中。 用本果毅都尉，上至歸德始升為元帥，又嘗召之謀事，而不及官奴，故官奴始有圖用之志。 是時，大元將忒木泬攻歸德。 官奴既總兵柄，私與國用安謀，欲邀上幸海州。 及近侍局直長阿勒根兀惹使用安回，附奏帖，謂海州可就山東豪傑以圖恢復，且已具舟楫，可通遼東。 上覽奏不從。 又嘗請上北渡，再圖恢復，女魯歡沮之，自是有異心矣。 且一軍倚外兵肆為剽掠，官奴不之禁。 於是，左丞李蹊、左右司郎中張天綱、近侍局副使李大節俱為上言官奴有反狀。 上竊憂之，以馬軍總領紇石烈阿裏合、內族習顯陰察其動靜，與朝臣言及，則曰：「我從官奴微賤中起為大帥，何負而反耶？ 卿等勿過慮。」 阿裏合、習顯知官奴漸不能制，反泄上意。 上亦懼官奴、馬用相圖，因以為亂，命宰執置酒和解之。 用撤備。 俄官奴乘隙率其軍攻用，用軍敗走。 官奴亂殺軍民，以卒五十人守行宮。 劫朝官皆聚于都水毛花輦宅，以兵監焉。 驅參知政事石盞女魯歡至其家，悉出所有金具，然後殺之。 乃遣都尉馬實被甲持刃劫直長把奴申於上前，上初握劍，見實，擲劍於地曰：「為我言于元帥，我左右止有此人，且留侍我。」 實不敢迫，逡巡而退。 凡殺朝官左丞李蹊已下三百餘人，軍將、禁衛、民庶死者三千。 郎中完顏胡魯剌、都事冀禹錫赴水死。
At this time only Guannu's Loyalty-and-Filiality Army of four hundred fifty men and Ma Yong's force of seven hundred remained in the prefecture. Yong had originally been a guoyi commandant and was promoted to commander only when the emperor reached Guide. The emperor summoned him to discuss strategy but excluded Guannu, who therefore first formed the intent to destroy Yong. At this time the Mongol general Temü attacked Guide. Once Guannu held overall military authority, he plotted privately with Guo Yong'an to persuade the emperor to go to Haizhou. Inner Service Bureau director Aleigen Wure had Yong'an return with a memorial note claiming that at Haizhou they could rally Shandong heroes to plan restoration, that boats were already prepared, and that Liaodong could be reached. The emperor read the memorial and rejected it. He also once asked the emperor to cross north and plan restoration again. Nülühuan blocked the proposal, and from this Guannu harbored disloyal thoughts. Moreover one army, relying on outside support, plundered at will, and Guannu did not stop them. Thereupon left vice minister Li Xi, left and right department director Zhang Tiangang, and Inner Service Bureau deputy Li Dajie all told the emperor that Guannu showed signs of rebellion. The emperor worried in secret and had cavalry chief Geshilie Alihe and imperial clansman Xi Xian observe Guannu covertly. When court ministers raised the matter, he said, "I raised Guannu from humble origins to great commander. What ingratitude could make him rebel? You need not worry excessively." Alihe and Xi Xian realized Guannu was slipping from control and instead leaked the emperor's intentions to him. The emperor also feared that Guannu and Ma Yong would plot against each other and cause an outbreak of trouble. He ordered the chief ministers to host a reconciliation banquet. Yong relaxed his guard. Shortly afterward Guannu seized the opportunity and led his army against Yong. Yong's force was defeated and fled. Guannu slaughtered soldiers and civilians indiscriminately and posted fifty soldiers to guard the traveling palace. The seized court officials were gathered at Directorate of Waterways Mao Huanian's residence and placed under military guard. He drove Councilor Shizhan Nülühuan to his home, seized all his gold vessels, and then killed him. He sent commandant Ma Shi in armor with drawn blade to seize director Banushen before the emperor. The emperor at first grasped his sword, but seeing Shi he cast it to the ground and said, "Tell the commander for me that I have only this man at my side. Let him remain to attend me." Shi did not dare press the matter and withdrew hesitantly. In all more than three hundred court officials from left vice minister Li Xi downward were killed, along with three thousand military officers, imperial guards, and civilians. Bureau director Wanyan Hulula and secretary Ji Yuxi drowned themselves.
27
禹錫字京甫，龍山人。 至甯元年進士，仕曆州郡有能聲。 歸德受兵，禹錫為行院都事，經畫寧禦一府倚重。 聞變，或勸以微服免，不從，見害。
Yuxi, style name Jingfu, was a native of Longshan. He passed the jinshi examination in the first year of the Zhi'ning reign and earned a reputation for ability in successive prefectural posts. When Guide came under attack, Yuxi served as secretary of the mobile headquarters and planned its defense. The entire prefecture relied on him. When he heard of the mutiny, some urged him to escape in disguise. He refused and was killed.
28
是日蒲暮，官奴提兵入見，言：「石盞女魯歡等反，臣殺之矣。」 上不得已，赦其罪，以為樞密副使、權參知政事。
That evening Guannu led his troops in to see the emperor and reported, "Shizhan Nülühuan and others rebelled. I have killed them." The emperor had no choice but to pardon him and appoint him deputy commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and acting councilor of state.
29
初，官奴之母，自河北軍潰，北兵得之。 至是，上乃命官奴因其母以計請和，故官奴密與忒木泬議和事，令阿裏合往言，欲劫上以降。 忒木泬信之，還其母，因定和計。 官奴乃日往來講議，或乘舟中流會飲。 其遣來使者二十余輩，皆女直、契丹人，上密令官奴以金銀牌與之，勿令還營。 因知王家寺大將所在，故官奴畫斫營之策。 先是，忠孝軍都統張姓者，謂官奴決欲劫上北降，遂率本軍百五十人圍官奴之第，數之曰：「汝欲獻主上，我輩皆大朝不赦者，使安歸乎？」 官奴懼，乃以其母出質，雲：「汝等若以吾母自北中來，疑我與北有謀，即殺之。 我不恨。」 張意稍解，既以好語與之約曰：「果如參政所言，今後勿複言講和，北使至，即當殺之。」 官奴曰：「殺亦可，不殺亦可，奏而殺之亦可。」 張乃退，官奴即聚軍北草場，自言無反情，今勿複相疑也。 遂畫斫營之策。
When the Hebei army collapsed, Guannu's mother had been captured by northern troops. The emperor then ordered Guannu to use his mother as leverage to sue for peace. Guannu secretly negotiated with Temü, sent Alihe to speak with him, and plotted to seize the emperor and surrender. Temü believed him, returned his mother, and settled on a peace plan. Guannu went back and forth daily to negotiate, sometimes meeting mid-river in boats to drink together. More than twenty envoys he sent were all Jurchen and Khitan. The emperor secretly ordered Guannu to give them gold and silver tallies and not let them return to camp. Learning where the Mongol commander at Wangjia Temple was stationed, Guannu devised a plan to strike his camp. Earlier the Zhang-surnamed commander of the Loyalty-and-Filiality Army, believing Guannu meant to seize the emperor and surrender to the north, led one hundred fifty of his men to surround Guannu's residence and rebuked him: "You wish to hand over the sovereign. We are all men the Jin will never pardon. Where could we go?" Guannu was afraid and offered his mother as a hostage, saying, "If you suspect me of plotting with the north because my mother came from there, kill her. I will bear no resentment." Zhang was somewhat reassured and made a friendly agreement: "If it is truly as you say, speak of peace no more. When northern envoys arrive, kill them at once." Guannu said, "Killing them is fine, sparing them is fine, and memorializing before killing them is also fine." Zhang withdrew. Guannu gathered his troops at the northern meadow and declared that he harbored no rebellious intent and that they should suspect him no longer. He then finalized the plan to strike the Mongol camp.
30
五月五日，祭天。 軍中陰備火槍戰具，率忠孝軍四百五十人，自南門登舟，由東而北，夜殺外提邏卒，遂至王家寺。 上禦北門，系舟待之。 慮不勝則入徐州而遁。 四更接戰，忠孝初小卻。 再進，官奴以小船分軍五七十出柵外，腹背攻之。 持火槍突入，北軍不能支，即大潰，溺水死者凡三千五百餘人，盡焚其柵而還。 遂真拜官奴參知政事、兼左副元帥，仍以禦馬賜之。
On the fifth day of the fifth month they sacrificed to Heaven. The army secretly prepared fire-lance weapons. Guannu led four hundred fifty Loyalty-and-Filiality troops, boarded boats at the south gate, went east then north, killed the outer patrol at night, and reached Wangjia Temple. The emperor waited at the north gate with a boat moored ready. If the attack failed, he planned to flee to Xuzhou. At the fourth watch battle was joined. The Loyalty-and-Filiality force fell back slightly at first. Advancing again, Guannu sent fifty or seventy men in small boats outside the palisade to attack from front and rear. Wielding fire-lances they burst in. The northern army could not hold and collapsed in rout. More than three thousand five hundred drowned, and they burned the palisades before returning. Guannu was formally appointed councilor of state and left deputy commander, and an imperial horse was bestowed on him.
31
槍制，以敕黃紙十六重為筒，長二尺許，實以柳炭、鐵滓、磁未、硫黃、砒霜之屬，以繩系槍端。 軍士各懸小鐵罐藏火，臨陣燒之，焰出槍前丈餘，藥盡而筒不損。 蓋汴京被攻已嘗得用，今複用之。
The weapon used a tube of sixteen layers of imperial yellow paper about two chi long, packed with willow charcoal, iron slag, magnetite powder, sulfur, arsenic, and similar substances, with rope tied to the muzzle. Each soldier carried a small iron pot with concealed fire. In battle they lit it, and flame shot more than a zhang beyond the muzzle. When the powder was spent the tube remained intact. The weapon had already proved effective when Bian was besieged and was now used again.
32
兵既退，官奴入亳州，留習顯總其軍。 上禦照碧堂，無一人敢奏對者，日悲泣雲：「自古無不亡之國、不死之君，但恨我不知用人，故為此奴所囚耳。」 於是，內局令宋乞奴與奉禦吾古孫愛實、納蘭忔答、女奚烈完出密謀誅官奴。 或言，官奴密令兀惹計構國用安，脅上傳位，恢復山東。 事不成則獻上于宋，自贖反復之罪。 官奴以己未往亳州，辛酉，召之還，不至。 再召，乃以六月己卯還。 上諭以幸蔡事，官奴憤憤而出，至於扼腕頓足，意趣叵測。 上決意欲誅之，遂與內侍宋乞奴處置，令裴滿抄合召宰相議事，完出伏照碧堂門間。 官奴進見，上呼參政，官奴即應。 完出從後刺其肋，上亦拔劍斫之。 官奴中創投階下以走，完出叱忔答、愛實追殺之。
After the Mongol withdrawal Guannu entered Bozhou and left Xi Xian in command of his army. The emperor attended court at Zhaobi Hall, but no one dared speak. Day after day he wept and said, "From antiquity no state has failed to perish and no ruler has failed to die. I only regret that I did not know how to employ men and am therefore imprisoned by this slave." Thereupon Inner Bureau director Song Qinu, attendant Wugusun Aishi, Nalan Keda, and Nüxilie Wanchu secretly plotted to kill Guannu. Some said Guannu had secretly ordered Wure to plot with Guo Yong'an to coerce the emperor into abdicating and restoring Shandong. If the plan failed he would hand the emperor over to the Song to redeem his crime of repeated rebellion. On the jiwei day Guannu went to Bozhou. On the xinyou day he was summoned back but did not come. Summoned again, he returned on the jimao day of the sixth month. The emperor informed him of the plan to relocate to Cai. Guannu left in a fury, wringing his wrists and stamping his feet. His intentions were impossible to read. The emperor resolved to kill him. He arranged matters with inner attendant Song Qinu, ordered Peiman Chaohe to summon the chief ministers, and stationed Wanchu in ambush at the doorway of Zhaobi Hall. When Guannu came in for audience the emperor called "Councilor," and Guannu answered at once. Wanchu stabbed him in the ribs from behind while the emperor drew his sword and hacked at him. Wounded, Guannu threw himself down the steps to flee. Wanchu shouted at Keda and Aishi to pursue and kill him.
33
忠孝軍聞難，皆擐甲，完出請上親撫慰之。 名呼李泰和，授以虎符，使往勞軍，因召范陳僧、王山兒、白進、阿裏合。 進先至，殺之堂下。 阿裏合中路覺其事，悔發之晚，為亂箭所射而死。 乞奴、愛實、忔答皆授節度使、世襲千戶，完出兼殿前右衛將軍，范陳僧、王山兒忠孝軍元帥。 於是，上禦雙門，赦忠孝軍以安反側。 除崔立不赦外，其餘常所不原者鹹赦之。
The Loyalty-and-Filiality Army heard of the crisis and donned armor. Wanchu asked the emperor to go personally and reassure them. He called out Li Taihe by name, gave him the tiger tally, and sent him to reassure the army. He then summoned Fan Chenseng, Wang Shan'er, Bai Jin, and Alihe. Jin arrived first and was killed below the hall. Alihe realized what was happening midway, regretted acting too late, and was killed by stray arrows. Qinu, Aishi, and Keda were all appointed military commissioners with hereditary command of a thousand households. Wanchu was made concurrent right guard general of the Hall Army. Fan Chenseng and Wang Shan'er were made commanders of the Loyalty-and-Filiality Army. The emperor then attended at the Double Gate and pardoned the Loyalty-and-Filiality Army to settle the unrest. Except for Cui Li, who was not pardoned, all others ordinarily excluded from amnesty were pardoned.
34
初，官奴解睢陽之圍，侍從官屬久苦饑窘，聞蔡州城池堅固、兵眾糧廣，咸勸上南幸。 惟官奴以嘗從點檢內族斜烈過蔡，知其備禦不及睢陽，力爭以為不可，故號於眾曰：「敢言南遷者斬！」 眾以官奴為無君，諷上早為計，會其變，遂以計誅之。 後遣烏古論蒲鮮如蔡，還言其城池兵糧果不足恃，上已在道，無可奈何。 及蔡受兵，始悔不用官奴之言，特詔尚書省月給其母妻糧，俾無失所。
When Guannu relieved the siege of Suiyang, the attendant officials had long suffered hunger and distress. Hearing that Caizhou had strong walls and abundant troops and grain, all urged the emperor to move south. Only Guannu, having once followed chief inspector Xielie of the imperial clan through Cai, knew its defenses fell short of Suiyang's and argued forcefully against the move. He proclaimed to the crowd, "Whoever dares speak of moving south shall be beheaded!" The crowd considered Guannu disloyal to his sovereign and urged the emperor to act. When his mutiny came they killed him by stratagem. Later they sent Wugulun Puxian to Cai. He returned reporting that its walls, troops, and grain truly could not be relied on. The emperor was already on the road and nothing could be done. When Cai came under attack he regretted not following Guannu's advice and specially ordered the Secretariat to supply monthly grain to Guannu's mother and wife so they would not be destitute.
35
習顯既黨官奴，一日率忠孝軍劫官庫金四千兩。 上命歸德治中溫特罕道僧、帥府經歷把奴申鞫問，顯伏罪下獄。 官奴變，顯脫走，殺總領完顏長樂於宮門，殺道僧、奴申於其家，遂奔亳。 及官奴伏誅，詔點檢阿勒根阿失答即亳州斬顯及忠孝軍首領數人。 兀惹使用安未還，伺于中路，數其罪殺之。
Having sided with Guannu, Xi Xian one day led the Loyalty-and-Filiality Army to rob four thousand liang of gold from the government treasury. The emperor ordered Guide administrative supervisor Wentehan Daoseng and headquarters secretary Banushen to interrogate him. Xian confessed and was imprisoned. During Guannu's mutiny Xian escaped, killed overall chief Wanyan Changle at the palace gate, killed Daoseng and Banushen at their homes, and fled to Bo Prefecture. When Guannu was executed, an edict ordered inspector Aleigen Ashida to behead Xian and several Loyalty-and-Filiality leaders at Bozhou. Yong'an had not yet returned from Wure's mission. Wure waited on the road, enumerated his crimes, and killed him.
36
完顏承立
Wanyan Chengli
37
內族慶山奴，名承立，字獻甫，統軍使拐山之子，平章白撒之從弟也。 為人儀觀甚偉，而內恇怯無所有。 至甯初，宣宗自彰德赴闕，慶山奴迎見於台城。 宣宗喜，遣先還中都觀變。 宣宗既即位，以承立為西京副留守，權近侍局直長，進官五階，賜錢五千貫，且詔曰：「汝雖授此職，姑留侍朕，遇闕赴之，仍給汝副留守祿。 此朕特恩，宜知悉也。」 貞祐初，遷武衛軍副都指揮使，兼提點近侍局。 胡沙虎專權僭竊，嘗為宣宗言之，後胡沙虎伏誅，慶山奴愈見寵倖，以為殿前右副都點檢。 三年，大元兵圍中都，詔以慶山奴為宣差便宜都提控，率所募兵往援。 俄為元帥右都監，行帥府事，兼前職。 四年，知慶陽府事，兼慶原路兵馬都總管，以所獲馬駝進，詔諭曰：「此皆軍士所得，即以與之可也，朕安用哉。 後勿複進。」 因令遍諭諸道帥府焉。
Qingshannu of the imperial clan, personal name Chengli, style name Xianfu, was the son of overall military commissioner Guaishan and younger cousin of chief minister Ba Sa. He had an imposing bearing, yet inwardly he was timid and lacked substance. At the beginning of the Zhi'ning reign, when Emperor Xuanzong came from Zhangde to the capital, Qingshannu welcomed him at Terrace City. Xuanzong was pleased and sent him back first to the central capital to observe developments. Once Xuanzong had taken the throne, Chengli was appointed Western Capital deputy defender and acting Inner Service Bureau director, advanced five ranks, and granted five thousand strings of cash. An edict said, "Though you receive this post, remain for now to attend me. When a vacancy arises you may take it up, and I shall still grant you the deputy defender's salary. This is my special favor. You should understand it fully." At the beginning of the Zhenyou reign he was transferred to deputy commander of the Wuwei Army and made concurrent overseer of the Inner Service Bureau. Husahu had monopolized power and usurped authority, and Chengli had once reported this to Xuanzong. After Husahu was executed, Qingshannu grew ever more favored and was appointed right deputy chief inspector of the Hall Army. In the third year the Mongol army besieged the central capital. An edict appointed Qingshannu imperial commissioner and discretionary overall commander to lead recruited troops to the relief. He was soon made right deputy commander of the metropolitan command with authority over headquarters affairs while retaining his former post. In the fourth year he was appointed superintendent of Qingyang Prefecture and concurrent overall chief of Qingyuan circuit forces. He presented captured horses and camels. An edict instructed, "These were all obtained by the soldiers. Give them directly to the soldiers. What use have I for them? Do not present such gifts again." The order was then proclaimed throughout all circuit metropolitan headquarters.
38
正大四年，李全據楚州，詔以慶山奴為元帥，同總帥完顏訛可將兵守盱眙，且令城守勿出戰。 已而全軍盱眙界，二帥迎敵大敗，死者萬余人，委棄資杖甚眾，時軍無見糧，轉輸不繼，民疲奔命，愁歎盈路。 諸相不肯正言，樞密判官白華拜章乞斬之以謝天下，不報。 降為定國軍節度使，又以受賂奪一官。
In Zhengda 4, Li Quan held Chuzhou. An edict appointed Qingshannu commander, together with overall commander Wanyan Eke, to defend Xuyi with orders to hold the city and not give battle. When Quan's army reached the Xuyi border the two commanders met the enemy and suffered a crushing defeat. More than ten thousand were killed and vast stores of weapons were abandoned. The army had no grain in sight, transport failed, the people were exhausted, and lamentation filled the roads. The chief ministers would not speak plainly. Bureau of Military Affairs judge Bai Hua memorialized begging to behead Qingshannu to appease the realm. The memorial went unanswered. He was demoted to military commissioner of the Dingguo Army and lost one further rank for accepting bribes.
39
八年正月，鳳翔破，兩行省徙京兆居民于河南，令慶山奴以行省守之。 時京兆行省止有病卒八百、瘦馬二百，承立懼不能守，屢上奏請還。 每奏一帖，附其兄白撒一書，令為地，朝廷不許。 十月，慶山奴棄京兆還朝，留同知乾州軍州事、保義軍提控苟琪守之。 慶山奴行至閿鄉，哀宗遣近侍裴滿七斤授以黃陵岡從宜，不聽入見。 未幾，代徒單兀典行省事於徐州。 九年正月，自徐引兵入援，選精銳一萬五千，與徐帥完顏兀論統之，將趨歸德。 義勝軍總領侯進、杜政、張興等率所部三千人降大兵。 慶山奴留睢州三日不敢進，聞大兵且至，懼此州不可守，退保歸德。 二月，行次楊驛店，遇小乃泬軍。 遂潰。 兀論戰死，慶山奴馬躓被擒，惟元帥郭恩、都尉烏林答阿督率三百餘人走歸德。 大兵以一馬載慶山奴，擁迫而行，道中見真定史帥，承立問曰：「君為誰？」 史帥言：「我真定五路史萬戶也。」 承立曰：「是天澤乎？」 曰：「然。」 曰：「吾國已殘破，公其以生靈為念。」 及見大帥忒木泬，誘之使招京城，不從，又偃蹇不屈。 左右以刀斫其足折，亦不降，即殺之。 議者以承立累敗不能解其軍職，死有餘責，而能以死報國，亦足稱雲。
In the first month of the eighth year Fengxiang fell. The two provincial headquarters moved Jingzhao residents to Henan and ordered Qingshannu to defend the city with provincial authority. The Jingzhao provincial headquarters had only eight hundred sick soldiers and two hundred thin horses. Chengli feared he could not hold the city and repeatedly memorialized requesting to return. With each memorial he attached a letter to his elder brother Ba Sa asking him to secure his recall. The court refused. In the tenth month Qingshannu abandoned Jingzhao and returned to court, leaving Qianzhou vice prefect and Baoyi Army commander Gou Qi to defend it. When Qingshannu reached Minxiang, Emperor Aizong sent attendant Peiman Qijin to grant him discretionary authority at Huangling Hill and refused him an audience. Before long he replaced Tudan Wudian as provincial authority at Xuzhou. In the first month of the ninth year he led troops from Xuzhou to reinforce the capital, selecting fifteen thousand elite troops under Xu commander Wanyan Ulun, intending to march on Guide. Yisheng Army overall chiefs Hou Jin, Du Zheng, Zhang Xing, and others led their three thousand troops to surrender to the Mongols. Qingshannu remained at Suizhou three days and dared not advance. Hearing the Mongol army was approaching and fearing Suizhou could not be held, he withdrew to Guide. In the second month, marching to Yangyi Post, he encountered a small Naiwo scouting force. His army collapsed in rout. Ulun died in battle. Qingshannu's horse stumbled and he was captured. Only commander Guo En and commandant Ulinada Adu led more than three hundred men in flight to Guide. The Mongols carried Qingshannu on a single horse, pressing him along the road. En route he saw the Zhending commander Shi and Chengli asked, "Who are you?" The commander replied, "I am Shi, commander of ten thousand of Zhending's five circuits." Chengli said, "Is it Tianze?" He said, "Yes." He said, "Our state is already shattered. Please have regard for the living people." When he met the Mongol commander Temü, they tried to induce him to persuade the capital to surrender. He refused and remained defiant and unyielding. His guards hacked at his feet with blades until they broke. Still he would not surrender, and they killed him. Commentators held that Chengli, having suffered repeated defeats without being removed from command, deserved death many times over. Yet in dying for the state he was still worthy of praise.
40
初，睢州刺史張文壽聞大兵將至，遷旁縣居民入城，大聚芻粟，然無固守意，日夜謀走以自便。 既而，聞承立人援，即以州事付其僚佐，托以應援徐兵，夜啟關契家走歸德，慶山奴以為行部郎中，死楊驛。 俄大兵圍睢州，以無主將，故殘破之甚也。
When Suizhou prefect Zhang Wenshou heard the Mongol army was approaching, he moved residents from neighboring counties into the city and gathered great stores of fodder and grain. Yet he had no intention of holding firm and plotted day and night to escape for his own convenience. When he heard Chengli was marching to reinforce, he handed prefectural affairs to his subordinates, claiming he would meet the Xu relief force, then opened the gates at night and fled with his family to Guide. Qingshannu appointed him traveling department director. He died at Yangyi Post. The Mongol army soon besieged Suizhou. With no commanding general in place, the city was ravaged severely.
41
兀論，丞相賽不之侄，元光間例以諸帥為總領，兀論以丞相故獨不罷。 金朝防近族而用疏屬，故白撒、承立、兀論輩皆腹心倚之。
Ulun was the nephew of chief minister Saib. During the Yuanguang period it was customary to replace commanders with overall chiefs, but Ulun alone was not dismissed because of his uncle's position. The Jin court guarded against close kin and employed distant relatives. Therefore Ba Sa, Chengli, Ulun, and men like them were all trusted as intimate advisers.
42
贊曰：官奴素行反側，倏南倏北，若龍斷然。 哀宗一旦倚為腹心，終為所制，照碧之處，何異幽囚，其事與梁武、侯景大同而小異。 徒單兀典、慶山奴為將皆貪，宜數取敗。 女魯歡無大失行，而死於官奴，哀宗猶暴其罪，冤哉。
The commentator writes: Guannu's conduct was always treacherous, shifting suddenly south and north like a monopolist's grip. Emperor Aizong once relied on him as his closest adviser, yet in the end was controlled by him. At Zhaobi Hall he was no better than a secret prisoner. The affair largely resembles those of Emperor Wu of Liang and Hou Jing, with only minor differences. Tudan Wudian and Qingshannu were both greedy as generals. It was fitting that they repeatedly met defeat. Nülühuan had committed no great misconduct, yet died at Guannu's hands while Emperor Aizong still publicly denounced his crimes. How unjust!