1
苗道潤
Miao Daorun
2
苗道潤，貞祐初，為河北義軍隊長。 宣宗遷汴，河北土人往往團結為兵，或為群盜。 道潤有勇略，敢戰鬥，能得眾心。 比戰有功，略定城邑，遣人詣南京求官封。 宰相難其事，宣宗召河南轉運使王擴問曰：「卿有智慮，為朕決道潤事。 今即以其眾使為將。 肯終為我盡力乎？」 擴對曰：「兼制天下者，以天下為度。 道潤得眾，有功因而封之，使自為守，羈縻使之，策之上也。 今不許，彼負其眾，何所不可為。」 宣宗顧謂宰執曰：「王擴之言，實契朕心。」 於是除道潤宣武將軍、同知順天軍節度使事。 貞祐四年，複以功遷懷遠大將軍、同知中山府事。 再閱月，複戰有功，遷驃騎上將軍、中都路經略使、兼知中山府事。 頃之，加中都留守、兼經略使。 道潤前後撫定五十餘城。
Miao Daorun served in the early Zhenyou period (1213–1217) as a company commander in the Hebei volunteer forces. After Emperor Xuanzong relocated the court to Bian (Kaifeng), local Hebei men frequently organized themselves into armed bands—some as militia, others as marauders. Daorun was bold and resourceful in battle and won the loyalty of his men. After a string of victories he brought several towns under control and dispatched envoys to the Southern Capital to seek formal rank and a commission. The chief ministers were uneasy about the request. Emperor Xuanzong summoned Wang Kuo, transport commissioner for Henan, and said, "You are thoughtful—settle the Daorun question for me. I mean to appoint him general over the force he already commands. Will he stay loyal and fight for the throne to the end?" Wang Kuo answered, "Whoever would govern the realm must reckon on a realm-wide scale. Daorun holds his troops and has earned merit—enfeoff him, let him hold his own territory, and bind him with honors. That is the best policy. Refuse him, and with an army at his back there is little he could not attempt." The emperor turned to his ministers and said, "Wang Kuo speaks my mind." Daorun was then made Xuanwu General and deputy commissioner of the Shuntian military command. In Zhenyou 4 (1216) he was promoted again for merit to Huaiyuan Grand General and deputy prefect of Zhongshan. A month later, after further victories, he rose to Cavalry General-in-Chief, commissioner for the Zhongdu circuit, while retaining charge of Zhongshan. Soon after he was also named garrison commander of Zhongdu, retaining his commissionership. In all, Daorun brought more than fifty towns back under control.
3
興定元年，詔道潤恢復中都，以山東兵益之。 道潤奏：「去年十一月，臣遣總領張子明招降蠡州獨吉七斤。 近日，河北東路兵馬都總管移剌鐵哥移軍蠡州，襲破子明軍，殺數百人，子明亦被創。 臣將提兵問罪，重以鐵哥自拔來歸，但備之而已。 今欲複取都城，乞無罪鐵哥，直令受臣節制，庶可集事。」 宣宗以問宰相，奏曰：「道潤、鐵哥不協，不可相統屬。」 詔以完顏宇行元帥府事，督道潤複中都，和輯鐵哥軍。
In Xingding 1 (1217) the court ordered Daorun to retake Zhongdu and reinforced him with troops from Shandong. Daorun reported: "Last November I sent my chief officer Zhang Ziming to accept the surrender of Duji Qijin at Li Prefecture. Recently Yila Tiege, overall commander of the Hebei Eastern Route, marched on Li, routed Zhang Ziming's force, killed hundreds of men, and wounded Ziming himself. I was ready to march against him, but Tiege has come back into allegiance on his own; for now I need only keep watch. To retake the capital I ask that Tiege be cleared and placed directly under my command so the campaign can succeed." The emperor consulted the chief ministers, who replied: "Daorun and Tiege are at odds; neither should command the other." The court ordered Wanyan Yu to head the Marshal's Bureau, oversee Daorun's recovery of Zhongdu, and reconcile the two armies.
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初，道潤與順天軍節度使李琛不相能，兩軍士兵因之相攻，琛遣兵攻滿城、完州，道潤軍拒戰，殺琛兄榮及弟明等。 琛奏：「潞州提控烏林答吾典承道潤風指，日謀侵害。 山東行省數諭道潤與臣通和，竟不見從，且殺臣兄榮、弟明等，恣橫如此，將為後患。」 又奏：「乞令河北州府官不相統攝，並聽帥府節制。 仍遣官增減諸路兵力，使權均勢敵無相吞併，則百姓安農畝矣。」 道潤奏李琛以眾叛，陷滿城，攻完州。 琛亦奏道潤叛。 廷議以為兩人失和，故至於此，令山東行省樞密院諭琛：「行省在彼，自當俱聽節制，何待帥府。 士兵本以義團結，且耕且戰。 今乃聚之城寨，遂相併吞。 百姓不安，皆由官長無所忌憚使之然也。 嚴為約束，依時樹藝，無致生事。」 有詔道潤與移剌鐵哥合兵撫定河北，令諸道兵互相應援。 既而道潤與賈仝、賈瑀互相攻擊，詔道潤、賈仝、王福、武仙、賈瑀分畫各路元帥府控制之，彰德衛輝招撫司隸樞密院。 賈瑀既與道潤相攻，已而詐為約和，道潤信之，遂伏兵刺殺道潤。 朝廷不能問，一軍彷徨所依，提控靖安民乞權隸潞州行元帥府，聽其節制。 時興定二年也。
Daorun had long been at odds with Li Chen, commissioner of the Shuntian command. Their troops clashed repeatedly; Chen attacked Mancheng and Wanzhou, Daorun's forces fought back, and killed Chen's brothers Rong and Ming among others. Chen accused Wulinada Wudian, defense controller at Lu Prefecture, of acting on Daorun's orders and plotting daily against him. The Shandong provincial authorities repeatedly urged Daorun to make peace with me, but he refused and killed my brothers Rong and Ming. Such arrogance will breed future trouble." He also asked that Hebei prefects not hold authority over one another and that all answer to the Marshal's Bureau. Send officers to adjust troop strengths route by route so no commander can overwhelm another, and the farmers may return to their fields in peace." Daorun in turn charged Li Chen with rebellion, the seizure of Mancheng, and attacks on Wanzhou. Chen likewise denounced Daorun as a rebel. The court judged that mutual hatred had brought matters to this pass and instructed Chen through the Shandong civil and military authorities: "The provincial office is on the spot—you should all obey it. Why invoke the Marshal's Bureau? These militias were meant to farm and fight by voluntary association. Instead they crowd into fortified camps and prey on one another. The people suffer because their commanders act without restraint. Impose strict discipline, keep to the farming season, and give no cause for unrest." An edict ordered Daorun and Yila Tiege to join forces to pacify Hebei and directed all regional armies to support each other. Daorun then clashed with Jia Tong and Jia Yu. The court partitioned Hebei among Daorun, Jia Tong, Wang Fu, Wu Xian, and Jia Yu under separate marshal jurisdictions and placed the Zhangde-Weihui pacification office under the Bureau of Military Affairs. After fighting Daorun, Jia Yu pretended to seek peace; Daorun trusted him, and Jia Yu's men ambushed and killed him. The court took no action. Daorun's army was leaderless until defense controller Jing Anmin asked to place it temporarily under the Lu Prefecture field marshal's command. This was in Xingding 2 (1218).
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右丞侯摯乞以保、蠡、完三州隸真定，而蠡州舊受移剌眾家奴節制，一旦改隸真定，恐因而交爭。 靖安民等願隸潞州，乃令河北行省審處之。 經略副使張柔奏：「賈瑀攻易州寨，殺刺史馬信及其裨校，奪所佩金符而去。」 頃之，張柔攻賈瑀殺之。 道潤既死，靖安民代領其眾，是後乃封建矣。
Right Vice Chancellor Hou Zhi proposed attaching Baoding, Li, and Wan to Zhending, but Li had long answered to Yila Zhongjianu; a sudden transfer might provoke new fighting. Jing Anmin and his men preferred Lu Prefecture, and the Hebei provincial office was told to decide. Associate commissioner Zhang Rou reported that Jia Yu had stormed an Yi Prefecture fort, killed prefect Ma Xin and his officers, and made off with Ma's gold tally of authority. Soon afterward Zhang Rou attacked and killed Jia Yu. After Daorun's death Jing Anmin took command of his troops; only then did the court begin enfeoffing the Hebei warlords.
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初，貞祐四年，右司諫術甲直敦乞封建河朔，詔尚書省議，事寢不行。 興定三年，以太原不守，河北州縣不能自立，詔百官議所以為長久之利者。 翰林學士承旨徙單鎬等十有六人以謂「制兵有三，一曰戰，二曰和，三曰守。 今欲戰則兵力不足，欲和則彼不肯從，唯有守耳。 河朔州郡既殘毀，不可一概守之，宜取願就遷徙者屯于河南、陝西，其不願者許自推其長，保聚險阻。」 刑部侍郎奧屯胡撒合三人曰：「河北于河南有輔車之勢，蒲、解於陝西有襟喉之要，盡徙其民，是撤其籓籬也。 宜令諸郡，選才幹眾所推服、能糾眾遷徙者，願之河南或晉安、河中及諸險隘，量給之食，授以曠土，盡力耕稼。 置僑治之官，以撫循之。 擇其壯者，教之戰陣。 敕晉安、河中守臣檄石、嵐、汾、霍之兵，以謀恢復，莫大之便。」 兵部尚書烏林答與等二十一人曰：「河朔諸州，親民掌兵之職，擇土人嘗居官、有材略者授之，急則走險，無事則耕種。」 宣徽使移剌光祖等三人曰：「度太原之勢，雖暫失之，頃亦可複。 當募土人威望服眾者，假以方面重權。 能克復一道，即以本道總管授之。 能捍州郡，即以長佐授之。 必能各保一方，使百姓複業。」 提點尚食局石抹穆請以高爵募民，大概同光祖議。 宰臣欲置公府，宣宗意未決，禦史中丞完顏伯嘉曰：「宋人以虛名致李全，遂有山東實地。 苟能統眾守土，雖三公亦何惜焉。」 宣宗曰：「他日事定，公府無乃多乎。」 伯嘉曰：「若事定，以三公就節鎮何不可者。」 宣宗意乃決。
As early as Zhenyou 4 (1216), remonstrator Shujia Zhidun had urged enfeoffing the warlords north of the Yellow River; the Ministry of State debated the proposal, but nothing came of it. In Xingding 3 (1219), with Taiyuan lost and Hebei prefectures unable to hold out, the emperor summoned the bureaucracy to devise a lasting policy. Hanlin expositor Tushan Hao and sixteen colleagues argued that strategy toward the enemy armies had three modes: fight, negotiate, or hold ground. Fighting was beyond our strength, peace was not on offer, and only defense remained feasible. The north-country prefectures were too ruined to defend uniformly: relocate volunteers to Henan and Shaanxi, and let those who stayed choose local leaders to hold the high ground." Vice Minister of Justice Aotun Husah and three others objected: "Hebei shields Henan as an outrigger shields a chariot; Pu and Jie guard Shaanxi's throat. Evacuate everyone and you tear down your own ramparts. Let each district choose capable men the people trust to lead willing migrants to Henan, Jin'an, Hezhong, or other strongpoints, supply rations, grant vacant land, and farm it intensively. Appoint officials for these refugee settlements to oversee them. Train the able-bodied in warfare. Order the Jin'an and Hezhong garrisons to rally troops from Shi, Lan, Fen, and Huo for reconquest—a great strategic advantage." Minister of War Wulinada Yu and twenty-one others proposed: "In each north-country prefecture appoint a local man of proven office and ability to cherish the people and command troops—fighting from the hills in crisis, farming in peace." Palace Commissioner Yila Guangzu and three others held that Taiyuan, though lost for the moment, could soon be retaken. Recruit locally respected men and grant them broad military authority. Whoever recovers a whole circuit should receive its overall command. Whoever holds a prefecture should receive the appropriate prefectural rank. Thus each region could be secured and the people restored to their livelihoods." Pantry supervisor Shimou Mu urged recruiting locals with high rank, much as Guangzu had advised. The chief ministers favored creating princely jurisdictions, but the emperor hesitated. Censor-in-chief Wanyan Bojia said, "The Song gave Li Quan empty honors and thereby gained real ground in Shandong. If a man can hold territory and command troops, what matter if we make him a duke?" The emperor asked, "When peace returns, will we not have too many princely domains?" Bojia replied, "Once order is restored, a duke can always be folded back into the normal command structure." The emperor was persuaded.
7
四年二月，封滄州經略使王福為滄海公，河間路招撫使移剌眾家奴為河間公，真定經略使武仙為恆山公，中都東路經略使張甫為高陽公，中都西路經略使靖安民為易水公，遼州從宜郭文振為晉陽公，平陽招撫使胡天作為平陽公，昭義軍節度使完顏開為上党公，山東安撫副使燕寧為東莒公。 九公皆兼宣撫使，階銀青榮祿大夫，賜號「宣力忠臣」，總帥本路兵馬，署置官吏，征斂賦稅，賞罰號令得以便宜行之。 仍賜詔曰：「乃者邊防不守，河朔失寧，卿等自總戎昭，備殫忠力，若能自效，朕複何憂。 宜膺茅土之封，複賜忠臣之號。 除已畫定所管州縣外，如能收得鄰近州縣者，亦聽管屬。」
In the second month of Xingding 4 (1220) the court enfeoffed nine warlords: Wang Fu of Cangzhou as Duke of Canghai; Yila Zhongjianu of Hejian as Duke of Hejian; Wu Xian of Zhending as Duke of Hengshan; Zhang Fu of the Zhongdu eastern route as Duke of Gaoyang; Jing Anmin of the western route as Duke of Yishui; Guo Wenzhen of Liaozhou as Duke of Jinyang; Hu Tianzuo of Pingyang as Duke of Pingyang; Wanyan Kai of the Zhaoyi army as Duke of Shangdang; and Yan Ning of Shandong as Duke of Dongju. All nine were also named pacification commissioners, ranked as Silver-Green Glory Grandees, and honored as "Loyal Ministers Who Proclaim Strength." Each commanded his route's forces, appointed officials, collected taxes, and exercised discretionary reward and punishment. An edict told them: "The frontier has collapsed and the north country is in turmoil. You have taken command and shown loyalty; if you prove yourselves, I have little left to fear. You deserve feudal rank and the title of loyal minister. Beyond the prefectures already assigned, any neighboring districts you recover may be placed under your authority as well."
8
王福，本河北義軍，積戰功累遷同知橫海軍節度使事、滄州經略副使。 興定元年，福遣提控張聚、王進複濱、棣二州，以聚攝棣州防禦使，進攝濱州刺史。 久之，福與聚有隙，聚以棣州附于益都張林。
Wang Fu came from the Hebei volunteer forces and rose through merit to deputy commissioner of the Henghai army and associate commissioner at Cangzhou. In Xingding 1 (1217) Wang Fu sent Zhang Ju and Wang Jin to retake Bin and Di prefectures, with Ju as acting Di defense commissioner and Jin as acting Bin prefect. Eventually Wang Fu and Zhang Ju fell out, and Ju placed Di under Zhang Lin of Yidu.
9
興定三年九月，福上言：「滄州東濱滄海，西連真定，北備大兵，可謂要地。 乞選重臣為經略使，得便宜從事，以鎮撫軍民。」 朝廷以福初率義兵複滄州，招集殘兵，今有眾萬餘，器甲完具，自雄一方。 與益都張林、棣州張聚皆為鄰境。 今利津已不守，遼東道路艱阻，且其意本欲自為使，但托詞耳。 因而授之，使招集濱、棣之人，通遼東音問，今若不許，宋人或以大軍迫脅，或以官爵招之，將貽後悔。」 宣宗以為然，乃以福為本州經略使，仍令自擇副使。 會福有戰功，遷遙授同知東平府事、權元帥右都監，經略節度如故。 興定四年，封為滄海公，以清、滄、觀州，鹽山、無棣、樂陵、東光、甯津、吳橋、將陵、阜城、蓚縣隸焉。
In the ninth month of Xingding 3 (1219) Wang Fu memorialized: "Cangzhou faces the sea on the east, borders Zhending on the west, and blocks the main enemy thrust from the north—it is a critical post. I ask that a senior commissioner be appointed with discretionary authority to stabilize the army and the people." The court noted that Wang Fu had first raised volunteers to retake Cangzhou, rebuilt a force of more than ten thousand well-equipped men, and now dominated his region. His territory adjoined Zhang Lin of Yidu and Zhang Ju of Di. Lijin had fallen, contact with Liaodong was cut, and his request was plainly a pretext: he wanted the commission for himself. Granting the post would let him rally Bin and Di and restore contact with Liaodong; refusal might drive him to the Song by force or by rank, with regrets to follow." The emperor agreed and made Wang Fu commissioner of Cangzhou with authority to choose his own deputy. When he earned further merit he was also given honorary deputy prefect of Dongping and provisional right overall supervisor of the Marshalate, while keeping his Cangzhou commission. In Xingding 4 (1220) he was enfeoffed as Duke of Canghai with jurisdiction over Qing, Cang, and Guan prefectures and the counties Yanshan, Wudi, Leling, Dongguang, Ningjin, Wuqiao, Jiangling, Fucheng, and Tiao.
10
四月，紅祆賊李二太尉寇樂陵，棣州張聚來攻，福皆擊卻之。 李二複寇鹽山，經略副使張文與戰，李二大敗，擒其統制二人，斬首二千級，獲馬三十匹。 七月，宋人與紅祆賊入河北，福嬰城固守。 益都張林、棣州張聚日來攻掠，滄州危蹙，福將南奔，為眾所止，遂納款于張林。 東平元帥府請討福，乞益河南步卒七千、騎兵五百，滑、浚、衛州資助芻糧，先定賞格，以待有功。 朝廷以防秋在近，河南兵不可往，東平兵少，不能獨成功，待至來年春，使東平帥府與高陽公並力討之，乃止。
In the fourth month the Red Turban leader Vice-Marshal Li Er raided Leling and Zhang Ju of Di attacked as well; Wang Fu drove off both. Li Er struck Yanshan again; associate commissioner Zhang Wen routed him, captured two of his commanders, took two thousand heads, and seized thirty horses. In the seventh month Song forces and Red Turbans entered Hebei; Wang Fu shut the gates and held Cangzhou. Zhang Lin and Zhang Ju attacked daily until Cangzhou was desperate. Wang Fu prepared to flee south, his men restrained him, and he submitted to Zhang Lin. The Dongping marshal's bureau asked to punish Wang Fu, requesting seven thousand Henan infantry, five hundred cavalry, fodder from Huaxian, Jun, and Weizhou, and preset rewards for success. With autumn defense imminent, Henan troops could not march and Dongping was too weak to act alone; the court deferred joint action with the Duke of Gaoyang until the following spring.
11
移剌眾家奴
Yila Zhongjianu
12
移剌眾家奴，積戰功，累官河間路招撫使，遙授開州刺史，權元帥右都監，賜姓完顏氏。 興定四年，與張甫俱封。 眾家奴封河間公，以獻、蠡、安、深州、河間、肅甯、安平、武強、饒陽、六家莊、郎山寨隸焉。 興定末，所部州縣皆不可守。 元光元年，移屯信安，本張甫境內。 張甫因奏：「信安本臣北境，地當沖要，乞權改為府以重之。」 詔改信安為鎮安府。 是歲，與甫合兵，複取河間府及安、蠡、獻三州，與張甫皆遷金紫光祿大夫。 二年，眾家奴及張甫同保鎮安，各當一面，別遣總領提控孫汝楫、楊壽、提控袁德、李成分保外垣，遂全鎮安。 未幾，眾家奴奏：「鎮安距迎樂堌海口二百餘裏，實遼東往來之沖。 高陽公甫有海船在鎮安西北，可募人直抵遼東，以通中外之意。 若賞不重不足以使人，今擬應募者特遷忠顯校尉，授八品職，仍賞寶泉五千貫。 如官職已至忠顯八品以上者，遷兩官、升職一等，回日再遷兩官、升職二等。」 詔從之。
Yila Zhongjianu rose through repeated victories to pacification commissioner of the Hejian route, honorary prefect of Kai, provisional right overall supervisor of the Marshalate, and the imperial surname Wanyan. In Xingding 4 (1220) he and Zhang Fu received enfeoffment together. He became Duke of Hejian with Xian, Li, An, and Shen prefectures, Hejian, Suning, Anping, Wuqiang, Raoyang, Liujiazhuang, and Langshan Stockade under his authority. By the end of the Xingding era none of his prefectures could be held. In Yuanguang 1 (1222) he shifted his base to Xin'an, which lay within Zhang Fu's domain. Zhang Fu then argued that Xin'an lay on his northern frontier at a strategic crossing and asked that it be temporarily elevated to a prefecture. The court renamed Xin'an Zhen'an Prefecture. That year he joined Zhang Fu, retook Hejian and the prefectures of An, Li, and Xian, and both men were promoted to Grandee of the Gold Purple Glory. In the second year Zhongjianu and Zhang Fu jointly held Zhen'an, each responsible for one sector, while subordinates Sun Ruqi, Yang Shou, Yuan De, and Li Cheng garrisoned the outer defenses until the city was secure. Soon after he reported that Zhen'an lay over two hundred li from Yinglegu Haikou on the vital sea route to Liaodong. Duke of Gaoyang Zhang Fu had ships northwest of Zhen'an; volunteers could sail directly to Liaodong to restore contact with the court. He proposed that recruits be made Loyal and Illustrious Commandants with eighth-rank posts and five thousand strings of treasure cash. Those already at eighth rank or above would advance two ranks and one grade on departure, and two more ranks and two grades on return. The court approved.
13
武仙，威州人。 或曰嘗為道士，時人以此呼之。 貞祐二年，仙率鄉兵保威州西山，附者日眾，詔仙權威州刺史。 興定元年，破石海於真定，宣差招撫使惟宏請加官賞，真授威州刺史，兼真定府治中，權知真定府事。 遷洺州防禦使、兼同知真定府事，遙授河平軍節度使。 興定四年，遷知真定府事，兼經略使，遙領中京留守，權元帥右都監。 無何，封恆山公，以中山、真定府，沃、冀、威、鎮寧、平定州，抱犢寨，欒城、南宮縣隸焉。 同時九府，財富兵強恆山最盛。
Wu Xian was from Wei Prefecture. Some said he had been a Daoist, and contemporaries called him "the Daoist." In Zhenyou 2 (1214) he led local militia to hold the western hills of Wei; as followers grew the court named him acting prefect. In Xingding 1 (1217) he defeated Shi Hai at Zhending; pacification envoy Wei Hong secured his promotion to full prefect of Wei, aide of Zhending, and acting prefect. He became defense commissioner of Ming and associate prefect of Zhending, with honorary command of the Heiping army. In Xingding 4 (1220) he was prefect and commissioner of Zhending, honorary garrison commander of Zhongjing, and provisional right marshal supervisor. He was then enfeoffed Duke of Hengshan with Zhongshan, Zhending, Wo, Ji, Wei, Zhenning, Pingding, Baoduzhai, Luancheng, and Nangong. Of the nine princely domains Hengshan's wealth and forces were the greatest.
14
是歲，歸順於大元，副史天倪治真定。 仙兄貴為安國軍節度使，史天祥擊之，貴亦歸順於大元。 仙與史天倪俱治真定且六年，積不相能，懼天倪圖己，嘗欲南走。 宣宗聞之，詔樞密院牒招之，仙得牒大喜。 正大二年，仙賊殺史天倪，複以真定來降。 天元大將笑乃泬討仙，仙走。 閱月，乘夜複入真定，笑乃泬複擊之，仙乃奔汴京。 五年，召見，哀宗使樞密判官白華導其禮儀，複封為恆山公，置府衛州。 七年，仙圍上黨，已而大兵至，仙遁歸。 未幾，衛州被圍，內外不通。 詔平章政事合達、樞密副使蒲阿救之，徙仙兵屯胡嶺關，扼金州路。
That year he submitted to the Mongols; Shi Tianni served as deputy administrator of Zhending. His elder brother Gui, commissioner of the Anguo army, was attacked by Shi Tianxiang and also submitted. Wu Xian and Shi Tianni co-administered Zhending for six years in mutual distrust; fearing assassination, he several times planned to flee south. Emperor Xuanzong summoned him by proclamation from the Bureau of Military Affairs, to Xian's delight. In Zhengda 2 (1225) he murdered Shi Tianni treacherously and surrendered Zhending again to the Jin. The Mongol general Xiaonai Jue attacked him and he fled. A month later he re-entered Zhending by night; Xiaonai Jue drove him out again and he fled to Kaifeng. In year 5 he was received in audience; Emperor Aizong had Bai Hua instruct him in court ritual and re-enfeoffed him Duke of Hengshan with his seat at Weizhou. In year 7 he besieged Shangdang but withdrew when Mongol forces arrived. Soon Weizhou was besieged and cut off. Grand Councilor Heda and Pu'a were ordered to relieve the city; Xian's army was shifted to Huguan Pass to block the Jinzhou route.
15
八年十一月，大元兵涉襄漢，合達、蒲阿駐鄧州，仙由荊子口會鄧州軍。 天興元年正月丁酉，合達、蒲阿敗績於三峰山，仙從四十餘騎走密縣，趨禦寨，都尉烏林答胡土不納，幾為追騎所得。 乃舍騎，步登嵩山絕頂清涼寺，謂登封蘭若寨招撫使霍琢僧秀曰：「我豈敢入汴京。 一旦有急，縛我獻大國矣。」 遂走南陽留山，收潰軍得十萬人，屯留山及威遠寨。 立官府，聚糧食，修器仗，兵勢稍振。
In the eleventh month of year 8 Mongol forces crossed the Xiang and Han; Heda and Pu'a camped at Dengzhou and Xian joined them through Jingzikou. On dingyou, first month, Tianxing 1 (1232), Heda and Pu'a were crushed at Sanfeng Mountain; Xian fled with some forty horsemen toward the imperial camp but was refused by Wulinada Hutubu and nearly captured. He abandoned his horses, climbed Mount Song to Qingliang Temple, and told the monk Xiuyue at Dengfeng, "I dare not enter Kaifeng. In a crisis they would bind me and hand me to the enemy. He fled to Liushan in Nanyang, rallied one hundred thousand routed troops, and encamped at Liushan and Weiyuan. He set up a government, stockpiled grain, repaired arms, and gradually restored his army's strength.
16
三月，汴京被圍，哀宗以仙為參知政事、樞密副使，河南行省，詔與鄧州行省思烈合兵入救。 八月，至密縣東，遇大元大將速不泬兵過之，仙即按軍眉山店，報思烈曰：「阻澗結營待仙至俱進，不然敗矣。」 思烈急欲至汴，不聽，行至京水，大兵乘之，不戰而潰。 仙亦令其軍散走，期會留山，仙至留山，潰軍至者益眾。 哀宗罷思烈為中京留守，詔仙曰：「思烈不知兵，向使從卿阻澗之策，豈有敗哉。 軍務一以付卿，日夕以待，戮力一心，以圖後舉。」 十一月，遣刑部主事烏古論忽魯召仙，仙不欲行，乃上疏陳利害，請緩三月，生死入援。
In the third month, with Kaifeng besieged, Aizong made him associate administrator and Henan military commissioner, ordering joint relief with Silie of Dengzhou. In the eighth month east of Mi County he met Subutai's column; he halted at Meishan Inn and warned Silie, "Camp in the defile and wait for me—or you will be defeated. Silie rushed toward Kaifeng and ignored him; at Jingshui the Mongols overran him without a fight. Xian too ordered a scatter toward Liushan; more routed troops joined him there. Aizong demoted Silie and told Xian, "Had Silie followed your plan to hold the defile, he would not have been destroyed. All military affairs are yours; exert yourself with us for what lies ahead. In the eleventh month Wugulun Hul was sent to summon him; Xian refused, memorialized on strategy, and asked three months before risking all to relieve the capital.
17
初，思烈至鄭州，承制授宣差總領黃摑三合五朵山一帶行元帥府事、兼行六部尚書。 及仙還留山，惡三合權盛，改為征行元帥，屯比陽。 三合怨仙奪其權，乃歸順於大元，大將速不泬署三合守裕州。 三合乃詐以書約仙取裕州，可以得志。 仙信之。 三合乃報大元大將，遣兵夾擊，敗仙于柳河，仙跳走聖朵寨。
Earlier at Zhengzhou Silie had commissioned Huang Zha Sanhe as field marshal and acting head of the Six Ministries. When Xian returned to Liushan he demoted Sanhe to campaigning marshal at Biyang. Sanhe, resenting the loss of power, defected to the Mongols; Subutai made him guard Yuzhou. Sanhe wrote falsely offering joint capture of Yuzhou. Xian believed him. Sanhe informed the Mongols and attacked from two sides; Xian was beaten at Liuhe and fled to Shengduo Stockade.
18
初，沈丘尉曹政承制召兵西山，裕州防禦使李天祥不用命，政斬之以徇。 仙至聖朵，謂政曰：「何故擅誅吾將？」 政曰：「天祥違詔，逗遛不行，政用便宜斬之。」 仙怒曰：「今日宣差來起軍，明日宣差來起軍，因此軍卒戰亡殆盡矣。 自今選甚人來亦不聽，且教兒郎輩山中休息。」 又曰：「天祥果有罪，待我來處置，汝何人，輒敢殺之！」 政曰：「參政柳河失利，不知存亡，天祥違詔，何為不殺？」 仙大怒，叱左右奪政所佩銀牌，令總領楊全械系之。 會赦，猶囚之，及仙敗，始得釋，與楊全俱降宋。
Earlier Cao Zheng of Shenqiu had raised western-hill troops; when Li Tianxiang of Yuzhou disobeyed, Zheng executed him. At Shengduo Xian demanded, "Why did you kill my officer without authority? Zheng replied, "Tianxiang defied orders and stalled—I killed him under emergency authority. Xian raged, "Special commissioners come one day after another until the army is nearly gone. From now on I heed no more envoys and let the men rest in the hills. He added, "If Tianxiang was guilty I would judge him—who are you to kill him! Zheng retorted, "You were beaten at Liuhe—who knows if you survive? Tianxiang disobeyed—why not kill him? Xian seized Zheng's silver tally and ordered Yang Quan to bind him. An amnesty left him imprisoned until Xian's fall; he and Yang Quan then surrendered to the Song.
19
是時，哀宗走歸德，遣翰林修撰魏璠間道召仙。 行至裕州，會仙敗于柳河，璠矯詔招集潰軍以待仙，仙疑璠圖已。 二年正月，仙閱兵，選鋒尚十萬，璠曰：「主上旦夕西首望公，公不宜久留於此。」 仙怒，幾殺璠。 璠及忽魯剌還歸德，仙乃奏請誅璠，哀宗不聽，以璠為歸德元帥府經歷官。 璠字邦彥，渾源人，貞祐二年進士雲。
Emperor Aizong was at Guide and sent Wei Fan by secret path to summon Xian. At Yuzhou Wei Fan found Xian had been beaten at Liuhe; Fan forged an edict to rally stragglers, which Xian suspected. In the second year, first month, Xian still had one hundred thousand picked troops; Fan urged, "The emperor looks west for you daily—you should not linger. Xian nearly killed him in rage. Fan and Hul returned to Guide; Xian asked to execute Fan but Aizong made him staff officer at Guide instead. Fan, style Bangyan, from Hunyuan, passed the jinshi examination in Zhenyou 2 (1214).
20
仙部將董祐有戰功，詔賜虎符，仙畏其逼己，久不與佩。 祐憾之，乃結官奴欲殺仙，猶豫未敢發。 近侍局使完顏四和有謀敢斷，嘗徵兵鄧州，圉牧使移剌呆合有異志。 六四和以計誅之。 祐使謂四和曰：「仙終不肯入援，祐等位卑，力不能誅，惟君為國家圖之。」 四和曰：「已殺呆合，複殺武仙，他日使者來，人誰肯信。」 不從。 仙知祐嘗有此謀，使祐使河北，其後竟殺之。
Subordinate Dong You earned merit and was granted a tiger tally, but Xian withheld it for fear of rivalry. You resented this and plotted with Guannu to kill Xian but hesitated. Palace commissioner Wanyan Sihe was bold and decisive; when levying troops at Dengzhou he found pasture commissioner Yila Daihe disloyal. Sihe killed him by stratagem. You told Sihe, "Xian will never relieve the capital—we are too low to kill him; you must act for the state. Sihe refused: "Having killed Daihe, who would believe another killing of Wu Xian? He refused. Learning of the plot, Xian sent You to Hebei and later had him killed.
21
三月，仙以聖朵軍食不足，徙軍鄧州，仰給于鄧州總帥移剌瑗。 鄧州倉廩亦乏，乃分軍新野、順陽、淅川就食民家。 遣講議官硃概、劉琢往襄陽，借糧于宋制置使史嵩之。 琢、概持兩端，畏留，乃以情告史嵩之曰：「仙兵勢不復振矣。」 且曰：「名為借糧，實欲納款，待將軍一諾耳。」 嵩之以為實然，遣田俊持書報仙。 四月，仙遣大理少卿張伯直取糧於襄陽，屯軍小江口以待之。 嵩之聞張伯直至大喜，謂仙送款矣，發書乃謝狀也，大怒，留伯直不遣。
In the third month, provisions failing at Shengduo, he moved to Dengzhou to depend on Yila Yuan. Dengzhou stores too were empty; he dispersed troops to forage in Xinye, Shunyang, and Xichuan. He sent Zhu Gai and Liu Zhuo to Xiangyang to borrow grain from Song commissioner Shi Songzhi. Playing both sides and fearing detention, they told Songzhi that Xian's army would not recover. They added that the grain mission was really an offer to surrender pending his approval. Songzhi believed them and sent Tian Jun with a reply. In the fourth month Xian sent Zhang Bozhi to Xiangyang for grain, camped at Xiaojiangkou to receive it. Songzhi rejoiced at Bozhi's arrival, expecting surrender; the letter was only thanks—he detained Bozhi in fury.
22
仙自順陽入鄧州，移剌瑗畏逼，以女女仙，仙不疑，納之，乃還順陽。 鄧州糧盡，瑗終疑仙。 五月，瑗舉城降宋。 嵩之益知仙軍虛實，使孟珙率兵五千襲仙軍于順陽。 是時，仙令士卒刈麥供軍，未至二里許，始覺，仙率帳下百餘人迎擊之，孟珙不敢前。 俄頃，軍士稍集，有五六百人，大敗珙軍。 珙與數百人脫走，生擒其統制、統領數十人，獲馬千餘。 至是，概、琢妄謂將納款於嵩之之語泄矣，仙皆誅之。
Entering Dengzhou from Shunyang, Xian accepted Yuan's daughter in marriage without suspicion and returned to Shunyang. When Dengzhou ran out of grain Yuan still distrusted him. In the fifth month Yuan surrendered Dengzhou to the Song. Songzhi, knowing Xian's weakness, sent Meng Gong with five thousand men to attack Shunyang. Xian's men were reaping wheat; barely two li out he noticed; with a hundred guards he charged and Meng Gong held back. As five or six hundred men gathered he routed Meng Gong. Meng Gong fled with hundreds; dozens of his officers were captured and over a thousand horses taken. When Gai and Zhuo's false surrender talk leaked, Xian executed them both.
23
移剌瑗本名粘合，字廷玉。 世襲契丹猛安，累功鄧州便宜總帥。 既至襄陽，使更姓名，稱歸正人劉介，具將校禮謁制置使。 瑗大悔恨，明年三月，疽發背死。
Yila Yuan, born Nianhe, style Tingyu. A hereditary Khitan meng'an, he rose to convenient overall commander of Dengzhou. At Xiangyang he took the name Liu Jie, "returned loyalist," and paid court to the commissioner with his staff. He bitterly regretted it; the next third month he died of a back abscess.
24
孟珙雖敗而去，仙懼宋兵複來，七月，徙淅川之石穴。 是時，哀宗在蔡州，遣近侍兀顏責仙赴難，詔曰：「朕平日未嘗負卿，國家危難至此，忍擁兵自恃，坐待滅亡邪？」 將士聞之，相視哽咽，皆願赴難與國同生死。 仙懼眾心有變，乃殺馬牛，與將士三千人歃血盟誓，不負國家，眾乃大喜。 無何，仙複謂眾曰：「蔡州道梗，吾兵食少，恐不能到。 且蔡不可堅守，縱到亦無益。 近遣人覘視宋金州，百姓據山為柵極險固，廣袤百里，積糧約三百萬石。 今與汝曹共圖之，可不勞而下，留老弱守此寨以為根本，然後選勁勇趨蔡，迎上西幸，未晚也。」 眾未及應，即令戒行李。 取淅川溯流而上，山路險阻，霖雨旬日水湍悍，老幼溺死者不可勝數，糧食絕，軍士亡者八九。 仙計無所出，八月，乃由荊子口東還，自內鄉將入聖朵寨，至峽石左右八疊秋林，聞總領楊全已降宋，留秋林十日乃遷大和。 九月，至黑穀泊，進退失據，遂謀北走，行部尚書盧芝、侍郎石玠不從。
Though Meng Gong was beaten, Xian feared Song return; in the seventh month he moved to Shixue in Xichuan. At Caizhou Aizong sent Wuyan to urge relief: "I have never wronged you—will you hoard troops and wait for ruin? The troops wept and vowed to share the dynasty's fate. Fearing mutiny he slaughtered cattle, swore a blood oath with three thousand men, and they rejoiced. Soon he told them, "The road to Caizhou is blocked and food is short—we may not arrive. Even if we did, Caizhou cannot be held—it would avail nothing. Scouts reported Song Jinzhou: mountain stockades a hundred li across with some three million shi of grain. He proposed taking Jinzhou easily, leaving the weak here, then striking Caizhou to escort the emperor west. Before they answered he ordered baggage packed. They went up the Xichuan in rain; the torrent drowned countless people; grain failed and eight or nine tenths of the army perished. In the eighth month he turned back through Jingzikou toward Shengduo; learning Yang Quan had surrendered at Qiulin, he lingered ten days then went to Dahe. In the ninth month at Heigu Po, trapped, he planned flight north; Lu Zhi and Shi Jie refused.
25
芝字庭瑞，河東人，任子補官，以西安軍節度使行尚書。 玠字子堅，河中人，崇慶二年進士，以汝州防禦使行侍郎。 二人相與謀曰：「吾等知仙不恤國家久矣。 諫之不從，去之未可，事至今日，正欠蔡州一死耳。 假若不得到蔡州，死於道中，猶勝死於仙也。」 既去，仙始覺，追玠殺之。 芝走至南陽，為土賊所害。
Lu Zhi, style Tingrui, from Hedong, entered by yin privilege and served as acting minister as Xi'an army commissioner. Shi Jie, style Zijian, from Hezhong, a Chongqing 2 jinshi, served as vice minister while defense commissioner of Ruzhou. The two plotted: "We have long known Xian cares nothing for the dynasty. He ignores advice and we cannot simply leave; at this point we owe the dynasty one death at Caizhou. Even dying on the road beats dying at Wu Xian's hands. Once they fled, Xian realized and killed Jie in pursuit. Zhi fled to Nanyang and was killed by bandits.
26
甲午，蔡州破。 糧且盡，將士大怨，皆散去。 仙無所歸，乃從十八人北渡河，又亡五人。 五月，趨澤州，為澤之戍兵所殺。
On jiawu, Caizhou fell. Provisions ran out; the troops mutinied and dispersed. Homeless, he crossed the Yellow River north with eighteen men; five more died on the way. In the fifth month he reached Ze Prefecture and was killed by its garrison.
27
張甫+張進
Zhang Fu and Zhang Jin
28
張甫，賜姓完顏氏。 初歸順大元。 涿州刺史李瘸驢招之，興定元年正月，甫與張進俱來降。 東平行省蒙古綱承制除甫中都路經略使，進經略副使。 二年，苗道潤死，河北行省侯摯承制以李瘸驢權道潤中都路經略使，甫與張柔為副。 頃之，苗道潤之眾請以靖安民代道潤。 是時，張柔、安民實分掌道潤部眾，朝廷乃以瘸驢為中都東路經略使，自雄、霸以東皆隸之。
Zhang Fu was granted the imperial surname Wanyan. He initially defected to the Mongols. Zhuozhou Prefect Li Bo'lv won them over; in the first month of Xingding 1, Fu and Zhang Jin both defected. Acting on imperial authority, Mongke Gang of the Eastern Secretariat made Fu Zhongdu Circuit pacification commissioner and Jin his deputy. The next year, after Miao Daorun died, Hou Zhi of the Hebei Secretariat made Li Bo'lv acting Zhongdu Circuit pacification commissioner in Daorun's stead, with Fu and Zhang Rou as deputies. Soon Daorun's troops petitioned to have Jing Anmin succeed him. Zhang Rou and Anmin now split Daorun's forces; the court made Bo'lv Eastern Zhongdu Route pacification commissioner, putting Xiongzhou, Bazhou, and all points east under him.
29
甫、進與永定軍節度使賈仝不協，以兵相攻，奪據仝地，取仝馬以遺經略使李瘸驢，瘸驢受之。 朝廷怪瘸驢不能和輯州府，乃有向背，召瘸驢別與官職。 召東平蒙古綱講睦甫與賈仝。 綱遣同知安武軍王鬱、博野令高常住往平之，輒留瘸驢不遣，因奏曰：「張甫本受瘸驢招降，情意厚善，今遣鬱先與瘸驢議所以平之者然後可。 況甫等不識禮義之人，瘸驢就征則皆自疑，恐生他變，故不避專擅之罪。」 詔從綱奏。 未幾，賈仝複以兵捕甫部民，殺甫參議官邢曁畢。 甫率兵攻之，賈仝敗走，遂自縊死。 甫請符印以安輯部眾，詔與之。
Fu and Jin clashed with Yongding Army governor Jia Tong, seized his territory, sent Tong's horses as tribute to Li Bo'lv, and Bo'lv accepted them. The court blamed Bo'lv for failing to keep the prefectures united and for playing favorites, and recalled him for reassignment. The court ordered Mongke Gang of Dongping to reconcile Fu and Jia Tong. Gang sent Wang Yu and Gao Chang to mediate but kept Bo'lv in place, explaining: "Fu originally defected at Bo'lv's invitation and they are on close terms; Wang Yu should consult Bo'lv on reconciliation first. Fu's men are unruly; summoning Bo'lv would spook them and risk fresh trouble, so I accept the charge of overstepping my authority." The emperor granted Gang's request. Soon Jia Tong raided Fu's followers and killed his aide Xing Yibi. Fu counterattacked; Tong fled in defeat and hanged himself. Fu asked for official seals to rally his troops; the court granted them.
30
無何，李瘸驢歸順大元。 甫為中都東路經略使、遙授同知彰德府事、權元帥右都監。 三年，張進為中都南路經略使。 甫奏：「真定兵沖，乞遣重臣與恆山公武仙並力守之。」 不報。 及真定不守，甫複奏：「權元帥右都監柴茂保冀州水寨，孤立無援，若不益兵，非臣之所知也。」
Soon Li Bo'lv defected to the Mongols. Fu was made Eastern Zhongdu Route pacification commissioner, given nominal vice prefect rank at Zhangde, and acting right metropolitan guard commander. In year three Zhang Jin became Southern Zhongdu Route pacification commissioner. Fu urged: "Zhending is strategically vital—I beg that a senior official be sent to help Wu Xian hold it." The court did not respond. After Zhending fell, Fu warned that Chai Mao's Jizhou river fort was cut off and needed reinforcements or all would be lost.
31
四年，甫封高陽公，以雄、莫、霸州，高陽、信安、文安、大城、保定、靜海、寶坻、武清、安次縣隸焉。 元光元年，移剌眾家奴不能守河間，甫居之信安。 是歲，以功進金紫光祿大夫，始賜姓完顏。 二年二月，張進亦遷元帥左監軍，賜姓完顏。
In year four Fu was created Duke of Gaoyang, receiving Xiongzhou, Mozhou, Bazhou, and nine counties. In Yuanguang 1, after Yelü Zhongjianu lost Hejian, Fu moved to Xin'an. That year his merit earned him promotion to Golden Purple-Robed Grand Master and the Wanyan surname. In the second month of year two Zhang Jin became left metropolitan guard commander and received the Wanyan surname.
32
靖安民
Jing Anmin
33
靖安民，德興府永興縣人。 貞祐初，充義軍，曆謀克、千戶、總領、萬戶、都統，皆隸苗道潤麾下。 以功遙授定安縣令，遷涿州刺史，遙授順天軍節度使。 充提控。 興定元年，遙授安武軍節度使。 興定二年，遷知德興府事、中都路總領招撫使。 是歲，苗道潤死，安民代領其眾，行省承制以涿州刺史李瘸驢權中都路經略使。 三年，詔瘸驢自雄、霸以東為中都東路經略使，自易州以西安民為中都西路經略使。 西山義軍屯壘諸招撫皆隸焉。
Jing Anmin was from Yongxing County, Dexing Prefecture. Early in Zhenyou he joined the militia, rising from company officer to army commander under Miao Daorun. His service won him nominal magistrate rank at Ding'an, appointment as Zhuozhou prefect, and nominal Shuntian Army governorship. He was made division commander. In Xingding 1 he received nominal Anwu Army governorship. In Xingding 2 he became Dexing prefectural commissioner and Zhongdu Circuit chief pacification commissioner. When Daorun died that year, Anmin succeeded his command; the secretariat made Li Bo'lv acting Zhongdu Circuit pacification commissioner. In year three Bo'lv was given the east from Xiong and Ba, and Anmin the west from Yizhou. All Western Hills militia pacification commissioners fell under his command.
34
四年，遙授知德興府事，權元帥左監軍，行中都西路元帥府事。 三月，安民上書曰：「苗道潤撫定州縣五十餘城，其功甚大，西京路經略使劉鐸嫉其功，反間賈瑀、李琛與道潤不協，轉相攻伐，竟以陰謀殺道潤。 鐸令所部劉智元等掠鎮撫孫資孫、招撫楊德勝家人二十余口，錮之山寨。 若鐸常居此，恐致敗事。」 劉鐸亦遣副使劉璋詣南京自訴，且言：「安民侵入飛狐之境，冒濫封拜，誘惑人心，強抑總領馮通等輸銀粟。 索飛狐總領王彥暉，彈壓劉智元、杜貴，欲充偏裨。 彥暉等拒之，輒殺貴而杖智元，竟驅彥暉而去。」 又言：「經略職卑，以致從宜李柏山等日謀見害。 乞許罷去。」 廷議，劉鐸本行招誘逋亡，今乃與安民互相論列，以起爭端。 苗道潤死，安民實代領其眾，彥暉等軍本隸道潤，當聽安民節制。 乃召鐸還。 頃之，封易水公，以涿、易、安肅、保州，君氏川、季鹿、三保河、北江、礬山寨、青白口、朝天寨，水谷、歡谷、車安寨隸焉。 十月，安民出兵至礬山，複取簷車寨。
In year four he received nominal Dexing prefect rank, acting left metropolitan guard command, and Western Zhongdu Route marshalate authority. In the third month Anmin wrote: "Daorun pacified fifty-odd cities—a towering achievement. Liu Duo of the Western Capital Route envied him, turned Jia Yu and Li Chen against him, and through intrigue had him killed. Duo had Liu Zhiyuan seize over twenty of Sun Zisun's and Yang Desheng's relatives and lock them in a mountain fort. If Duo stays here, disaster will follow." Liu Duo sent Liu Zhang to the Southern Capital with countercharges: Anmin had invaded Feihu, handed out bogus titles, and forced Feng Tong to supply silver and grain. He demanded Wang Yanhui, bullied Liu Zhiyuan and Du Gui, and tried to make them his officers. When Yanhui refused, Anmin killed Du Gui, beat Liu Zhiyuan, and drove Yanhui out." He added that his rank was too low and Li Baishan was plotting against him. He asked to be relieved." The court found that Duo, whose mission was to win back fugitives, and Anmin were trading accusations and stoking conflict. Since Anmin had succeeded Daorun, Yanhui's troops, formerly Daorun's, should answer to Anmin. The court recalled Duo. Soon he was created Duke of Yishui, with four prefectures and a dozen fortresses under him. In the tenth month Anmin marched to Fanshan and recaptured Yanche Fort.
35
大元兵圍安民所居山寨，守寨提控馬豹等以安民妻子及老弱出降，安民軍中聞之駭亂，眾議欲降以保妻子。 安民及經歷官郝端不肯從，遂遇害。 詔贈金紫光祿大夫。
Mongol troops besieged Anmin's fort; Ma Bao surrendered with Anmin's family and the noncombatants, and Anmin's men panicked and talked of surrender to save their families. Anmin and his aide Hao Duan refused and were killed. The court posthumously granted him Golden Purple-Robed Grand Master.
36
郭文振
Guo Wenzhen
37
文振治遼州，深得眾心。 興定三年，遷遙授中都副留守，權元帥左都監，行河東北路元帥府事，刺史、從宜如故。 文振招降太原東山二百餘村，遷老幼於山寨，得壯士七千，分駐營柵，防護秋獲。 文振奏：「若秋高無兵，直取太原，河東可複。」 優詔許之。 十月，權元帥右都監、行元帥府事，與張開合堅、台州兵複取太原。 四年，詔升樂平縣為皋州，壽陽縣西張寨為晉州，從文振之請也。
Wenzhen governed Liaozhou and won deep loyalty. In Xingding 3 he became nominal Central Capital vice protector, acting left metropolitan guard commander running the Eastern Hebei Route marshalate, keeping his prefect and acting commissioner posts. Wenzhen won over two hundred villages east of Taiyuan, relocated civilians to forts, mustered seven thousand fighters, and garrisoned them to guard the harvest. Wenzhen argued that an autumn thrust on Taiyuan could retake eastern Shanxi." The emperor warmly approved. In the tenth month, as acting right guard commander, he joined Zhang Kai, He Jian, and Taizhou troops to retake Taiyuan. In year four, at Wenzhen's request, Le Ping County became Gao Prefecture and Xizhang Fort became Jin Prefecture.
38
文振上疏曰：「揚子雲有言：'禦得其道，則天下狙詐鹹作使； 禦失其道，則天下狙詐鹹作敵。 '有天下者審所禦而已。 河朔自用兵之後，郡邑蕭然，並無官長，武夫悍卒因緣而起以為得志，僭越名位，瓜分角競，以相侵攘，雖有內除之官，亦不得領其職，所為不法，可勝言哉？ 乞行帥府擅請便宜，妄自誇張以尊大其權，包藏之心蓋可知也。 朝廷因而撫之，假權傅授，至與各路帥府力侔勢均，不相統屬。 陝西行省總為節制，相去遼遠，道路梗塞，卒難聞知。 故飛揚跋扈，無所畏憚，鄰道相望，莫敢誰何。 自平陽城破以來，河北不置行省，朝廷信臣不復往來布揚聲教，但令曳剌行報而已。 所司勞以酒食，悅以貨財，借其聲，共欺朝廷。 奸幸既行，遂至驕恣，變故之生，何所不有，此臣所以夙夜痛心而為之憂懼也。 乞分遣公廉之官，遍詣訪察，庶知所在利害之實。 伏見澤、潞等處芻糧猶廣，人民猶眾，地多險阻，乞選重臣複置行省，皆聽節制，上下相維，可臂指使之，則國勢日重，奸惡不萌矣。」 是時，澤、潞已詔張開規劃，不能盡用文振之言，但令南京兵馬使術甲賽也行帥府于懷、孟而已。 是歲，封晉陽公，河東北路皆隸焉。
Wenzhen cited Yang Xiong: "If defense is rightly conducted, every schemer in the realm becomes your instrument; if defense goes wrong, every schemer becomes your enemy. To hold the realm, one need only choose wisely what to defend. Since war came to Hebei, towns went leaderless; brutes seized power, grabbed titles, and preyed on one another while appointed officials could not govern—the abuses beggar description. Route marshalates demand discretionary powers and boast to enlarge their authority—their hidden ambitions are plain enough. The court indulged them with borrowed authority until they rivaled official marshalates and answered to no one. Shaanxi Secretariat nominally controlled them, but distance and blocked roads made oversight impossible. They grew brazen and uncontrollable; neighboring commands looked on helplessly. Since Pingyang fell, Hebei had no branch secretariat; the court no longer sent trusted envoys, relying only on courier reports. Local officials wined, dined, and bribed them, then used their clout to deceive the court together. Favoritism bred arrogance and endless risk—this keeps me awake at night in dread. Send honest officials to investigate everywhere and learn what truly threatens each region. Ze and Lu still have grain and people amid rugged terrain—re-establish a branch secretariat under a senior minister so upper and lower ranks move as one; national strength would grow and treachery die out." The court had already assigned Zhang Kai to Ze and Lu and adopted only part of Wenzhen's plan, sending Shu Jiasai to run a marshalate at Huai and Meng. That year he was created Duke of Jinyang, with all of Eastern Hebei under him.
39
文振奏：「孟州每以豪猾不逞之人攝行州事，朝廷重於更代，就令主之。 去年，伯德和攝刺史，提控伯德安殺之，奪其職。 河東行省以陳景璠代安，安內不能平，因誣告景璠死罪，朝廷未及按問，安輒逐之。 恥受臣節制，宣言於眾，待道路稍通，當隸恆山公節制。 今真定已不守，安猶向慕不已。 臣徵兵諸郡，安輒詭辭不遣。 臣若興師，是自生一敵，非國家之便也。 聞安有女，臣輒違律令為侄孫述娶之，安遂見許。 臣非願與安為姻，為公家計，屑就之耳。 自結親以來，安頗循率以從王事，法不當娶而輒娶之，敢以此罪為請。」 宣宗嘉其意，遣近臣慰諭之。 文振複奏：「武仙所統境土甚大，雖與林州元帥府共招撫之，乞更選本土州縣官，重其職任，同與安集，可使還定。」 宣宗用其策。
Wenzhen reported that Mengzhou was run by thugs the court was afraid to replace. Last year Bode He was acting prefect until Bode An murdered him and took over. The secretariat sent Chen Jingfan to replace An, who framed him for a capital crime and drove him out before the court could investigate. Refusing my authority, he announced he would transfer to Wu Xian's command when travel reopened. Even though Zhending has fallen, An still clings to Wu Xian. When I requisitioned troops, An evaded with excuses. Attacking him would make a new enemy—bad for the dynasty. Learning An had a daughter, I broke regulations and married her to my grand-nephew Shu; An consented. I wanted no alliance with An—I stooped to it only for the state. Since the marriage An has cooperated; I broke the law to arrange it and confess that fault." Emperor Xuan praised his loyalty and sent a courtier to reassure him. Wenzhen again urged that Wu Xian's vast domain needed native officials appointed with real authority to settle the region." Emperor Xuan adopted the plan.
40
五年，文振奏：「臣所統嵐、管、庾、石、寧化、保德諸州，境土闊遠，不能周知利害，恐誤軍國大計。 伏見葭州刺史古裏甲蒲察智勇過人，深悉河東事勢，乞令行元帥府事，或為本路兵馬都總管，與臣分治。」 詔文振就擇可者處之便地，仍受文振節制。
In the fifth year Wenzhen reported that the Lan, Guan, Yu, Shi, Ninghua, and Baode prefectures under his command sprawled too widely for him to grasp local conditions—and that mistakes there could wreck larger strategy. He urged appointing Jia Prefecture's Guliapucha—bold and shrewd, deeply versed in Hedong—to run the marshalate or serve as route commander and share authority with him." The court told Wenzhen to pick a suitable man, post him where convenient, and keep him under Wenzhen's command.
41
上党公張開以厚賞誘文振將士，頗有亡歸者。 詔分遼、潞粟賑太原饑民，張開不與。 文振奏其事，詔遣使慰諭之。 文振複申前請，以葭州刺史古裏甲蒲察分治嵐、管以西諸州，制可，仍令防秋後再度其宜。 文振請分上黨粟以贍太原，詔文振與張開計度。 頃之，詔以石州隸晉陽公府。
Duke of Shangdang Zhang Kai lured Wenzhen's troops with rich rewards, and many deserted back to him. An edict ordered grain from Liao and Lu split to feed Taiyuan's starving people; Zhang Kai refused. Wenzhen reported this, and the court sent envoys to reassure Zhang Kai. Wenzhen renewed his request to put Guliapucha in charge west of Lan and Guan; the court agreed but told him to review the arrangement after autumn defense. Wenzhen asked to share Shangdang grain with Taiyuan; the court told him and Zhang Kai to work out the details. Soon after, Shi Prefecture was placed under the Duke of Jinyang.
42
元光元年，林州行元帥府惟良得罪召還，文振奏：「近聞惟良召還，臣竊以為不可。 惟良在林州五歲，政尚寬厚，大得民心，今茲被召，軍民遮路泣留。 其去未幾，{山義}尖之眾作亂，逐招撫使康瑭。 乞遣惟良還林州為便。」 不許。
In Yuanguang 1 (1222), Linzhou marshal Wei Liang was recalled for an offense. Wenzhen protested: "I have just heard Wei Liang is being recalled, and I do not think that wise. Wei Liang had governed Linzhou five years with a generous hand and won deep loyalty; when he was recalled, soldiers and civilians blocked the road weeping and begging him to stay. Not long after he left, the people of Shanyijian rebelled and drove out pacification commissioner Kang Tang. Send Wei Liang back to Linzhou—that would be best." The court refused.
43
文振上書：「乞遣前平章政事胥鼎行省河北，諸公府、帥府並聽節制，詔諭百姓使知不忘遺黎之意，然後以河南、陝西精銳並力恢復。」 不報。 文振複奏：「河朔百姓引領南望，臣再四請於樞府，但以會合府兵為言。 公府雖號分封，力實單弱，且不相統攝，所在被兵。 朝廷不即遣兵複河北，人心將以為舉河朔而棄之，甚非計也。」 文振大抵欲起胥鼎為行省，定河北，朝廷不能用。
Wenzhen urged sending former chief councillor Xu Ding to Hebei as branch secretariat commissioner, putting every ducal and marshalate command under him, reassuring the people that the court had not abandoned them, then concentrating Henan and Shaanxi's best troops to recover the north." There was no reply. Wenzhen wrote again: "The people of Hebei look south in hope; I have pleaded repeatedly with the Military Affairs Commission, but they talk only of gathering local garrisons. The ducal fiefs look impressive on paper, but each stands alone and weak, unable to coordinate—and everywhere they are under attack. If the court does not send troops to recover Hebei at once, people will believe all of the north has been written off—a disastrous policy." Wenzhen's aim was to install Xu Ding in Hebei and restore order there, but the court would not act on it.
44
二年，詔文振應援史詠複河東。 是歲，遼州不能守，徙其軍于孟州，以部將郝安等為文振副，護沿山諸寨。 文振辭公府，詔不許。 頃之，文振部將汾州招撫使王遇與孟州防禦使納蘭謀古魯不相能，複徙衛州，然亦不可以為軍，迄正大間，寓於衛而已。
In the second year the court ordered Wenzhen to reinforce Shi Yong's effort to recover Hedong. That year Liaozhou fell; its army was moved to Meng Prefecture, with subordinates like Hao An serving as Wenzhen's deputies guarding the mountain forts. Wenzhen tried to resign his ducal title; the court refused. Soon Wenzhen's subordinate Wang Yu of Fenzhou and Mengzhou's Nalan Mougulu fell out and were shifted again to Weizhou—but even there they could not sustain an army. Through the Zhengda era they merely lodged at Wei.
45
胡天作
Hu Tianzuo
46
胡天作，字景山，管州人。 初以鄉兵守禦本州，累功少中大夫、管州刺史。 興定二年，遙授同知太原府事，刺史如故。 是歲，平陽失守，改同知平陽府事。 三年，複取平陽，天作言：「汾、潞皆置帥府，平陽大鎮，今稍完複，所管州縣，不下十萬戶，複業者相繼不絕，其過汾、潞遠甚，宜一體置之。」 是時，晉安、嵐州皆有帥府，乃以天作充便宜招撫使、權元帥左都監。 四年，封平陽公，以平陽、晉安府，隰、吉州隸焉。 天作請以晉安府之翼城縣為翼州，以垣曲、絳縣隸焉。 置平水縣於汾河之西，朝廷皆從之。
Hu Tianzuo, style name Jingshan, was from Guan Prefecture. He first defended his home prefecture with local militia and, through repeated service, rose to vice minister of the middle rank and prefect of Guan. In Xingding 2 (1220) he was remotely appointed vice administrator of Taiyuan while keeping his prefectural post. That year, after Pingyang fell, he was reassigned as vice administrator of Pingyang Prefecture. In the third year Pingyang was retaken. Tianzuo argued that Fen and Lu already had marshalates, while Pingyang—a major stronghold now partly restored—governed more than one hundred thousand households with refugees returning in a steady stream, far surpassing Fen and Lu and deserving equal standing." Jin'an and Lan already had marshalates; Tianzuo was made provisional pacification commissioner and acting left chief overseer of the marshalate. In the fourth year he was created Duke of Pingyang, with Pingyang, Jin'an, Xi, and Ji placed under him. Tianzuo asked that Yicheng County in Jin'an be elevated to Yi Prefecture, with Yuanqu and Jiang Counties placed under it. He also created Pingshui County west of the Fen River; the court approved both requests.
47
初，軒成本隸程琢麾下，琢死，成率眾保隰州，以為同知隰州軍州事、兼提控軍馬。 成增繕器甲，招納亡命，頗有他志。 是時，隰州方用兵，未可制，天作請增置要害州縣，以分其勢。 隰州之境蒲縣最居其沖，可改為州，隰川之仵城鎮可改為縣，選官守備。 詔升蒲縣為蒲州，以大寧縣隸之，仵城鎮為仵城縣。 天作守平陽凡四年，屢有功，詔錄其子定哥為奉職。
Xuancheng had first served under Cheng Zhuo; after Zhuo died he seized Xi Prefecture with his men and was made its vice administrator and chief controller of troops. Cheng rebuilt his arms, gathered fugitives, and showed signs of independent ambition. Xi was still at war and Cheng could not yet be checked; Tianzuo asked to add strategic prefectures and counties to split his power. Pu County, the most exposed point in Xi Prefecture, should become a prefecture; Wucheng Township in Xichuan should become a county, each with its own garrison commander. The court promoted Pu County to Pu Prefecture with Daning County under it, and Wucheng Township to Wucheng County. Tianzuo held Pingyang four years with repeated success; the court enrolled his son Dingge as an attendant.
48
元光元年十月，青龍堡危急，詔遣古裏甲石倫會張開、郭文振兵救之，次彈平寨東三十里，不得進。 知府事術虎忽失來、總領提控王和各以兵歸順，臨城索其妻子，兵民皆潰，執天作出。 天作已歸順，詔誅忽失來子之南京者，命天作子定哥承應如故。 天作已受大元官爵，佩虎符，招撫懷、孟之民，定哥聞之，乃自經死，贈信武將軍、同知睢州軍州事。 詔張開、郭文振招天作，天作至濟源，欲脫走，先遣人奏表南京，大元大將惡其反復，遂誅之。
In the tenth month of Yuanguang 1 (1222), Qinglong Fort was in grave danger; the court sent Guliapucha Shilun with Zhang Kai and Guo Wenzhen to relieve it, but they stopped thirty li east of Tanping Stockade and could not get through. Prefectural administrator Tuhu Hushilai and chief controller Wang He surrendered with their troops, then marched on the city demanding their families; the garrison collapsed and Tianzuo was taken. After Tianzuo surrendered, the court executed Hushilai's son in the Southern Capital and allowed Tianzuo's son Dingge to keep his hereditary post. Tianzuo had already taken office under the Yuan, bearing a tiger tally and pacifying the people of Huai and Meng. When Dingge learned of it he hanged himself; the court posthumously made him General of Trustworthy Martiality and vice administrator of Suizhou. The court ordered Zhang Kai and Guo Wenzhen to recall Tianzuo. He reached Jiyuan planning to flee and sent a memorial to the Southern Capital first; a Yuan general, disgusted by his wavering, had him executed.
49
天作死後，宣宗以同知平陽府事史詠權行平陽公府事，後封平陽公。 平陽初破，詠父祚、母蕭氏藏於窟室，索出之，使祚招詠，祚乃自縊死，蕭氏逃歸。 詠妻梗氏亦自死。 宣宗贈祚榮祿大夫、京兆郡公，諡成忠。 蕭氏封京兆郡太夫人，賜號歸義。 梗氏贈京兆郡夫人，諡義烈。 未幾，詠乞內徙，徙其軍于解州河中府。
After Tianzuo's death Emperor Xuanzong put Shi Yong, vice administrator of Pingyang, in charge of the ducal office and later created him Duke of Pingyang. When Pingyang first fell, Yong's father Zuo and mother Lady Xiao hid in a cave; the enemy found them and forced Zuo to summon his son. Zuo hanged himself instead, and Lady Xiao escaped home. Yong's wife Lady Geng killed herself as well. Emperor Xuanzong posthumously made Zuo Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Duke of Jingzhao, with the epithet Loyal Completion. Lady Xiao was created Grand Madame of Jingzhao and given the title Returning to Righteousness. Lady Geng was posthumously made Madame of Jingzhao with the epithet Righteous Fierceness. Soon Yong asked to move inland; his army was transferred to Jie Prefecture in Hezhong.
50
張開，賜姓完顏氏，景州人。 至甯末，河北兵起，開團結鄉兵為固守，累功遙授同知清州防禦事，兼同知觀州事。 貞祐四年，開率所部複取河間府及滄、獻二州十有三縣。 開有宣撫司留付名宣敕二百道，奏乞從權署置，就任所複州縣舊官，闕者補之。 詔遷同知觀州軍州事。 開複清州，乞輸鹽易糧，詔與之糧。 遷觀州刺史、權本州經略使。 至是，始賜姓完顏氏。 開奏乞許便宜，及論淇門、安陽、黎陽皆作堰塞水，河運不通，乞開發水道，不報。 觀州糧盡，是歲秋，徙軍輝州，乞麥種三千石、驢騾三百或寶券二百貫，戶部不與。 禦史台奏：「開自觀州轉戰來此，久著勞績，欲令其軍耕種以自給，有司計小費拒不與。 乞斷自宸衷，與之麥種，若無牛可與，給以寶券。」 制可。
Zhang Kai, granted the surname Wanyan, was from Jing Prefecture. At the end of Zhining (1213), as Hebei erupted in war, Kai rallied local militia for defense and, through repeated service, was remotely appointed vice commissioner of Qing Prefecture's defense and vice administrator of Guan Prefecture. In Zhenyou 4 (1216) Kai retook Hejian Prefecture and thirteen counties in Cang and Xian. Kai held two hundred blank commission edicts from the pacification office and asked to appoint officials at his discretion, restoring former prefectural and county officers and filling vacancies. The court promoted him to vice administrator of Guan Prefecture. Kai retook Qing Prefecture and asked to exchange salt for grain; the court supplied the grain. He was promoted to prefect of Guan and provisional route commissioner. Only then was he granted the surname Wanyan. Kai asked for discretionary authority and reported that weirs at Qimen, Anyang, and Liyang had blocked the river route; he begged to reopen the waterway, but received no answer. When Guan's grain ran out that autumn, Kai moved his army to Huizhou and asked for three thousand shi of wheat seed, three hundred pack animals, or two hundred strings of treasure notes; the Revenue Bureau refused. The Censorate reported: "Kai has fought his way here from Guan with long service; we want his men to farm for themselves, but the ministries refused over petty costs. We ask Your Majesty to decide: grant wheat seed, or treasure notes if no oxen are available." The request was approved.
51
是歲，潼關不守，被召入衛南京。 興定元年，遙授澤州刺史。 二年，遙授同知彰德府、兼總領提控。 三年，充潞州招撫使。 林州元帥府徙潞人實林州，既複遣還。 開乞隸晉安元帥府，或與林州並置元帥府，各自為治。 十月，開以權昭義軍節度使、遙授孟州防禦使、權元帥左都監、行元帥府事，與郭文振共複太原。 四年，封上黨公，以澤、潞、沁州隸焉。 五年，詔複以涉縣為崇州，從開請也。 元光元年，複取高平縣及澤州。 二年，大戰壺關，有功。 既而潞州危急，開奏：「封建公府以固屏翰，今胡天作出平陽，郭文振南徙河東，公府獨臣與史詠而已。 乞升澤、沁二州為節鎮，以重守禦。」 詔以澤為忠昌軍，沁為義勝軍。 林州{山義}尖寨眾亂，逐招撫使康瑭，推杜仙為招撫使，開請以盧芝瑞為副，代領其眾。 又奏：「比聞郭文振就食懷、孟，史詠徙解州，高倫遷葛伯寨，各自保守，民安所仰哉？ 臣領孤軍，內無儲峙，外無應援，臣不敢避失守之罪，恐益重朝廷之憂。」
That year, after Tong Pass fell, he was recalled to defend the Southern Capital. In Xingding 1 (1217) he was remotely appointed prefect of Ze. In the second year he was remotely appointed vice administrator of Zhangde and chief controller. In the third year he became pacification commissioner of Lu. The Linzhou marshalate had relocated Lu people to repopulate Linzhou; after Lin was retaken they were sent home. Kai asked either to come under the Jin'an marshalate or to set up separate marshalates at Lin and Lu, each governing on its own. In the tenth month Kai served as provisional Zhaoyi military governor, remote Mengzhou defense commissioner, and acting left chief overseer of the marshalate, joining Guo Wenzhen to retake Taiyuan. In the fourth year he was created Duke of Shangdang, with Ze, Lu, and Qin placed under him. In the fifth year the court restored She County as Chong Prefecture at Kai's request. In Yuanguang 1 (1222) he retook Gaoping County and Ze Prefecture. In the second year he fought a major battle at Huguan with distinction. Soon Lu Prefecture was in peril. Kai wrote: "The ducal fiefs were meant to shield the realm, yet Hu Tianzuo holds Pingyang, Guo Wenzhen has shifted south in Hedong, and only Shi Yong and I remain. Promote Ze and Qin to full military governorships to strengthen the defense." The court made Ze the Zhongchang Army and Qin the Yisheng Army. The Shanyijian stockade in Linzhou rebelled, expelled Kang Tang, and made Du Xian pacification commissioner; Kai asked that Lu Zhirui serve as deputy and take command. He also wrote: "I hear Guo Wenzhen has gone to Huai and Meng for supplies, Shi Yong has moved to Jie Prefecture, and Gao Lun to Gebo Stockade—each holding his own ground. What are the people to rely on? I command an isolated force with no stores within and no help without. I do not shrink from the blame if I fail—but I fear only adding to the court's burden."
52
正大間，潞州不守，開居南京，部曲離散，名為舊公，與匹夫無異。 天興初，起複，與劉益為西面元帥，領安平都尉紀綱軍五千攻衛州，敗績于白公廟。 是時，哀宗走歸德，開與劉益謀收潰兵從衛，不果，遂與承裔西走，皆為民家所殺。
During the Zhengda era Lu fell; Kai lived in the Southern Capital, his followers scattered, a former duke no different from any commoner. At the start of Tianxing he was recalled and, with Liu Yi as western route marshal, led five thousand men under Anping Commandant Jigang against Weizhou; they were routed at Baigong Temple. Emperor Aizong had fled to Guide; Kai and Liu Yi tried to rally broken troops at Wei but failed, then fled west with Chengyi and were killed by villagers.
53
初置公府，開與恆山公武仙最強。 後駐兵馬武山，遣人間道請糧二萬石，用事者難之，止給二千石。 公府將佐得報皆不敢白，開聞，置酒召諸將曰：「朝廷待某特厚，今日與諸君一醉。」 諸將問故，曰：「頃以糧竭為請，祈二萬而得二千，是吾君相不以武仙輩待我也。」 是時，郭文振處開西北，當兵之沖，民貧地瘠，開又不奉命以糧賑文振軍。 文振窮竄，開勢愈孤，以至於敗。
When the ducal fiefs were first created, Kai and Duke of Hengshan Wu Xian were the most powerful. Later he camped at Ma Wushan and sent a messenger by a secret route to request twenty thousand shi of grain; the court balked and sent only two thousand. His staff got the report and dared not tell him. When Kai learned of it he set out wine and called his generals: "The court has treated me with exceptional favor—today let us drink together." When they asked why, he said, "I begged for twenty thousand shi when our grain ran out and got two thousand—the court does not treat me like Wu Xian and the others." Guo Wenzhen held the northwest, on the front line of enemy pressure, in a poor and barren land—and Kai also refused orders to supply Wenzhen's army with grain. Wenzhen was driven to ruin, Kai grew ever more isolated, and in the end both were undone.
54
燕寧，初為莒州提控，守天勝寨，與益都田琢、東平蒙古綱相依為輔車之勢。 山東雖殘破，猶倚三人為重。 紅祆賊王公喜據注子堌，率眾襲據沂州。 寧擊走之，遂複沂州，語在《田琢傳》。 寧既屢破紅祆賊，招降胡七、胡八，引為腹心，賊中聞之多有欲降者。 累官遙授同知安化軍節度使事、山東安撫副使。 興定四年，封東莒公，益都府路皆隸焉。 五年，與蒙古綱、王庭玉保全東平，以功遷金紫光祿大夫。 還天勝，戰死。 蒙古綱奏：「寧克盡忠孝，雖位居上公，祖考未有封爵，身沒之後老稚無所衣食，乞降異恩以勵節義之士。」 詔贈故祖皋銀青榮祿大夫，祖母張氏范陽郡夫人，父希遷金紫光祿大夫，母彭氏、繼母許氏、妻霍氏皆為范陽郡夫人，族屬五十二人皆廩給之。
Yan Ning first served as division commander of Ju Prefecture, holding Tiansheng Stockade; with Tian Zhuo of Yidu and Menggu Gang of Dongping he formed a mutual-support triangle like paired chariots. Though Shandong lay in ruins, the region still rested on these three men. The Red Turban rebel Wang Gongxi held Zhuzigu and led a raid that seized Yizhou. Ning drove him off and retook Yizhou—the full account appears in Tian Zhuo's biography. After repeated victories over the Red Turbans, Ning recruited Hu Qi and Hu Ba as trusted lieutenants; many bandits hearing of this wished to surrender. Through repeated promotion he was remotely appointed vice commissioner of the Anhua Army and associate Shandong pacification commissioner. In Xingding 4 (1220) he was created Duke of Dongju, with the entire Yidu route placed under him. In the fifth year he preserved Dongping with Menggu Gang and Wang Tingyu and was promoted to Grand Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon. He returned to Tiansheng and fell in battle. Mongol Gang memorialized: "Yan Ning served with perfect loyalty and filial devotion. Though he rose to princely rank, his forebears were never ennobled, and after his death his family lacked food and clothing. I ask extraordinary favors to reward such integrity." The court posthumously ennobled his grandfather Gao as Silver-Green Glory Grandee, his grandmother Zhang as Lady of Fanyang, his father Xi as Gold Purple Glory Grandee, his mother Peng, stepmother Xu, and wife Huo as Ladies of Fanyang, and granted stipends to fifty-two kinsmen.
55
自益都張林逐田涿，繼而寧死，蒙古綱勢孤，徙軍邳州，山東不復能守矣。
After Zhang Lin of Yidu expelled Tian Zhuo and Yan Ning fell in battle, Mongol Gang stood alone, withdrew to Pi Prefecture, and Shandong was lost for good.
56
贊曰：苗道潤死，中分其地，靖安民有其西之半，中分以東者其後張甫有之，然無北境矣。 大凡九公封建，《宣宗實錄》所載如此。 他書載滄海公張進、河間公移剌中哥、易水公張進、晉陽公郭棟，此必正大間繼封，如史詠繼胡天作者，然不可考矣。
The commentator notes: After Miao Daorun's death his domain was split—Jing Anmin took the west, Zhang Fu later the east—but the northern frontier was gone. In general, the enfeoffment of the nine princes is recorded thus in the Veritable Records of Emperor Xuanzong. Other sources list Duke of Canghai Zhang Jin, Duke of Hejian Yila Zhongge, Duke of Yishui Zhang Jin, and Duke of Jinyang Guo Dong—likely successor titles from the Zhengda era, as Shi Yong followed Hu Tianzuo, but the details cannot be confirmed.