1
粘葛奴申
Zhange Nushen
2
粘葛奴申，由任子入宮，或曰策論進士。 天興初，卒開封府，以嚴幹稱。 其年五月，擢為陳州防禦使。 時兵戈搶攘，道路不通，奴申受命，毅然策孤騎由間道以往。 陳自兵興，軍民皆避遷他郡，奴申為之擇官吏，明號令，完顏郭，立廬舍，實倉廩，備器械。 未幾，聚流亡數十萬口，米一斛直白金四兩，市肆喧哄，如汴之闤鋏，京城危困之民望而歸者不絕，遂指以為東南生路。
Zhange Nushen entered imperial service by hereditary privilege; some accounts say he had passed the policy-discourse examination for the doctorate. Early in the Tianxing reign he was prefect of Kaifeng and won a reputation for rigorous, effective administration. That same year, in the fifth month, he was promoted to defender-in-chief of Chenzhou. The realm was torn by fighting and travel was impossible; Nushen accepted his orders and set out alone on horseback by back roads without hesitation. Since the outbreak of war, Chen's soldiers and civilians had all fled elsewhere; Nushen appointed officials, enforced clear regulations, restored walls and suburbs, built housing, stocked granaries, and gathered arms. Before long he had gathered several hundred thousand refugees; grain sold at four taels of silver per hu, markets bustled like Kaifeng's busiest quarters, and desperate people from the capital streamed toward him without end, until the place was hailed as the one escape route to the southeast.
3
明年，哀宗走歸德，改陳州為金興軍，馳使褒諭，以奴申為節度使。 俄拜參知政事，行尚書省于陳。 於是，奴申立五都尉以將其兵，建威來豬糞、虎威蒲察合達、振武李順兒、振威王義、果毅完顏某，凡招撫司至者皆使隸都尉司。
The following year, when Emperor Aizong fled to Guide, Chenzhou was redesignated the Jinxing Army; the court dispatched envoys with commendations and appointed Nushen its military commissioner. Soon afterward he was named vice grand councilor and directed the Secretariat from Chen. Nushen then created five commandant offices to command his forces—Jianwei under Lai Zhufen, Huwei under Pucha Heda, Zhenwu under Li Shun'er, Zhenwei under Wang Yi, and Guoyi under a certain Wanyan—and placed every officer sent from the pacification bureau under them.
4
是時，交戰無虛日，州所屯軍十萬有餘。 奴申與官屬謀曰：「大兵日至，而吾州糧有盡，奈何？」 乃減軍所給，月一斛五鬥者作一斛，又作八斗，又作六斗。 將領則不給。 人心稍怨。 故李順兒、崔都尉因而有異志，劉提控及完顏不如哥提控者預焉。 奴申知其謀，常以兵自防。 及聞大元兵往硃仙鎮市易，奴申遣五都尉軍各二百人，以李順兒、副都尉崔某將之，襲項城寨。 令孫鎮撫者召順兒議兵事，孫至其家，順兒已擐甲，孫欲觀其刀，順兒拔示之，孫色動，即出門奔去。 順兒追殺之，乃上馬，引兵二百人入省，說軍士曰：「行省克減軍糧，汝輩欲飽食則從我，不欲則從行省。」 於是，省中軍士皆坐不起。 奴申聞變走後堂，追殺之。 提控劉某加害，解其虎符以與順兒，並殺其子侄婿及鄉人王都尉。 順兒令五都尉軍皆甲，守街曲。 自稱行省，署元帥，都尉。 以劉提控語不順，斬之坐中。 明日，遂遣克石烈正之送款於汴。 崔立乃遣其弟倚就加順兒淮陽軍節度使，行省如故。
Fighting raged daily; the garrison at Chen numbered well over a hundred thousand men. Nushen consulted his staff: "The enemy army comes closer every day, yet our grain cannot last—what are we to do?" He cut troop rations step by step: allowances of one hu and five dou per month were reduced to one hu, then eight dou, then six. Officers were given no grain at all. Discontent spread through the ranks. Li Shun'er and Commandant Cui therefore began plotting treason, joined by Control Officer Liu and Control Officer Wanyan Buruge. Nushen learned of the conspiracy and kept armed guards about him at all times. Learning that Yuan forces were trading at Zhuxian Town, Nushen dispatched two hundred men from each commandant unit under Li Shun'er and Vice Commandant Cui to strike the Xiangcheng camp. He sent Pacification Commissioner Sun to summon Shun'er on military business; at Shun'er's house Sun found him already in armor. When Sun asked to see his sword, Shun'er drew it; Sun's face changed and he bolted out the door. Shun'er ran him down and killed him, mounted, led two hundred men into the provincial compound, and called to the troops: "The provincial government has slashed your rations—follow me if you want full bellies, or stay with the provincial administration if you do not." At that every soldier in the office sat still and refused to move. Hearing the uproar, Nushen fled to the rear hall; his pursuers caught and killed him. Control Officer Liu joined the attack, stripped Nushen's tiger tally and handed it to Shun'er, and killed his sons, nephews, sons-in-law, and a townsman, Commandant Wang. Shun'er ordered every commandant unit to arm and hold the streets. He proclaimed himself head of the provincial government and handed out titles of marshal and commandant. When Control Officer Liu spoke defiantly, Shun'er had him beheaded on the spot. The next day he sent Keshilie Zhengzhi to Bian to surrender. Cui Li sent his brother Yijiu to invest Shun'er as military commissioner of the Huaiyang Army while leaving him in charge of the provincial government.
5
未幾，虎威都尉蒲察合達與高元帥者盡殺順兒之徒，舉城走蔡州。 大兵覺，追及孫家林，老幼數十萬少有脫者。
Soon Huwei Commandant Pucha Heda and Marshal Gao slaughtered Shun'er's party and evacuated the entire city toward Caizhou. The enemy army caught wind of the move, overtook the column at Sun Family Grove, and few among the hundreds of thousands of refugees, young and old alike, survived.
6
初，奴申聞崔立之變，遣人探其事情，而順兒、崔都尉亦密令人結構崔立，適與奴申所遣者同往同還。 順兒懼其謀泄，故發之益速。 奴申亦知其謀，故遣襲項城，欲因其行襲殺之，然已為所先。
Earlier, when Nushen learned of Cui Li's coup at Kaifeng, he sent agents to investigate; Shun'er and Commandant Cui were secretly contacting Cui Li as well, and the two missions happened to travel out and back together. Fearing exposure, Shun'er moved the faster to strike first. Nushen too had detected the plot and sent the Xiangcheng expedition hoping to catch them on the march and kill them—but they struck before he could.
7
劉天起
Liu Tianqi
8
完顏大婁室、完顏中婁室、完顏小婁室
Wanyan Da Loushi, Wanyan Zhong Loushi, and Wanyan Xiao Loushi
9
完顏婁室三人，皆內族也，時以其名同，故各以長幼別之。
All three men of the Loushi line were members of the imperial clan; because they shared the same name, historians distinguish them as Elder, Middle, and Younger Loushi.
10
正大八年，慶山奴棄京兆，適鷹揚都尉大婁室運軍器至白鹿原，遇大兵與戰，兵刃既盡，以絛系掉金牌，力戰而死。
In Zhengda 8, when Qingshan Nu abandoned Chang'an, Elder Loushi—then Yingyang Commandant—was hauling weapons to Bailuyuan, met the enemy host, and when his arms were spent lashed his golden tally to a cord and fought on until he was killed.
11
九年正月，大兵至襄城，元帥中婁室、小婁室以馬軍三千遇之於汝墳。 時大兵以三四十騎入襄城，驅驛馬而出，又入東營，殺一千夫長，金人始覺之。 兩婁室以正旦飲將校，皆醉不能軍，遂敗，退走許州。 會中使召入京師。 天興二年正月，河朔軍潰，哀宗走歸德，中婁室為北面總帥，小婁室左翼元帥，收潰卒及將軍夾谷九十奔蔡州。 蔡帥烏古論栲栳知其跋扈不納，遂走息州，息帥石抹九住納之。 時白華以上命送虎符於九住為息州行帥府事。 九住出近侍，好自標緻，騶從盈路。 三人者妒之，各以招集勤王軍士為名，得五六百人，州以甲仗給之。 久之，漸生猜貳，九住亦招負販牙儈數百人為「虎子軍」，夜則擐甲為備。 一日，九住使一萬戶巡城，三帥執而驅之，使大呼雲：「勿學我欲開西門反！」 即斬之。 乃召九住，九住欲不往，懼州人及禍，乃從三百卒以往。 三帥令甲士守街曲，九住從者過，處處執之。 九住獨入，三帥問汝何為欲反，九住曰：「我何緣反？」 三帥怒，欲殺者久之。 小婁室意稍解，頗為救護，得不殺，使人鎖之。 以夾谷九十為帥，兼權息州。
In the first month of the ninth year the enemy reached Xiangcheng; Middle and Younger Loushi, as marshals, met them at Rufen with three thousand cavalry. Some thirty or forty enemy horsemen rode into Xiangcheng, stampeded the relay horses out of the city, then struck the eastern camp and killed a chiliarch before the Jin troops realized what was happening. The two Loushi had been drinking with their officers on New Year's Day; everyone was drunk and unfit for battle, they were routed, and fell back toward Xuzhou. An imperial messenger then summoned them to the capital. In the first month of Tianxing 2, when the northern armies collapsed and Emperor Aizong fled to Guide, Middle Loushi became northern commander-in-chief and Younger Loushi left-wing marshal; they gathered fugitive troops and General Jiagu Jiushi and withdrew to Caizhou. The commander at Caizhou, Wugulun Kaolao, found them insufferably overbearing and refused them entry, so they pressed on to Xi Prefecture, whose commander Shimo Jiuzhu took them in. By imperial order Bai Hua delivered the tiger tally to Jiuzhu, investing him with acting command of Xi Prefecture. Jiuzhu was a former palace attendant who loved to cut a figure; his retinue clogged every street. The three Loushi brothers resented him; each raised five or six hundred men in the name of rallying loyal troops, and the prefecture armed them. In time mutual suspicion grew; Jiuzhu for his part recruited hundreds of peddlers and brokers into a "Tiger Cub Army" that slept in armor each night. One day Jiuzhu sent a chiliarch to inspect the walls; the three marshals seized him and forced him to shout, "Do not follow my example—I mean to open the west gate and rebel!" Then they executed him. They summoned Jiuzhu; he hesitated, but fearing harm to the townspeople he went with three hundred men. The three marshals posted armored men along the streets and seized Jiuzhu's followers one by one as they passed. Jiuzhu went in alone. "Why do you want to rebel?" they demanded. "Why would I rebel?" he replied." They raged and for a long time debated killing him. Younger Loushi's anger cooled and he argued for mercy; Jiuzhu was spared but thrown into chains. They installed Jiagu Jiushi as commander with acting authority over Xi Prefecture.
12
蔡帥栲栳聞九住為三帥所誣，上奏辨之，三帥亦捃摭九住之過上聞。 朝廷主栲栳之辨，且不直三帥。 六月，赦至蔡，栲栳懼九住為三帥所誅，遣二卒馳送詔書於息，乃得免。 及上將幸蔡，密召中婁室引兵來迓，婁室遲疑久之，乃率所招卒奉迎。 七月，上遣近侍局使入息州括馬，即召九住。 九住至，與中婁室辨於上前。 時中婁室已授同簽樞密院事，上不欲使之終訟，乃罷九住帥職，授戶部郎中，以烏古論忽魯為息州刺史。
Commander Kaolao at Caizhou, hearing that Jiuzhu had been framed, memorialized in his defense; the three marshals countered with a dossier of Jiuzhu's offenses. The court sided with Kaolao and found the three marshals in the wrong. When an amnesty reached Caizhou in the sixth month, Kaolao feared the three marshals would kill Jiuzhu anyway and sent two runners racing the edict to Xi; only then was Jiuzhu released. When the emperor prepared to move to Caizhou, he secretly ordered Middle Loushi to bring troops to meet him; after long hesitation Loushi marched out with the men he had recruited. In the seventh month the emperor sent an Inner Service Bureau envoy to Xi to seize horses and summoned Jiuzhu at the same time. Jiuzhu arrived and argued his case against Middle Loushi before the throne. Middle Loushi had already been made associate commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs; unwilling to let the feud drag on, the emperor stripped Jiuzhu of command, named him a master of documents in the Ministry of Revenue, and appointed Wugulun Hulu prefect of Xi.
13
時有土豪劉禿兒、馬安撫者自蔡朝還，以軍儲不給叛入宋，州之北關為所焚毀。 是時城中軍無幾，日有叛去者，且覘知宋人有窺息之意，息帥懼，上奏請益兵為備。 朝廷以參知政事抹撚兀典行省事於息州，中婁室以同簽樞密院事為總帥，小婁室以副點檢為元帥，王進為彈壓帥，夾穀九十為都尉，以忠孝馬軍二百、步軍五百屬之，行省、院於息。 將行，上諭之曰：「北兵所以常取全勝者，恃北方之馬力，就中國之技巧耳，我實難與之敵。 至於宋人，何足道哉。 朕得甲士三千，縱橫江、淮間有餘力矣。 卿等勉之。」
Two local bosses, Liu Tuer and Ma Anfu, returning from court at Caizhou, defected to the Song when rations failed and burned the northern gate quarter of Xi. The garrison was shrinking daily through desertions, spies reported Song designs on Xi, and the prefect, alarmed, asked the court for reinforcements. The court sent Vice Grand Councilor Monian Wudian to run the provincial government at Xi, made Middle Loushi commander-in-chief (while keeping his associate commissionership), Younger Loushi marshal and vice inspector, Wang Jin suppression marshal, and Jiagu Jiushi commandant, with two hundred Loyal-and-Filial cavalry and five hundred infantry; provincial and military headquarters were established at Xi. Before they left, the emperor told them: "The northerners win because they combine steppe horses with Chinese engineering—we can hardly match them in open battle. The Song, though—what are they to worry about? Give me three thousand armored men and I could sweep the Yangzi and Huai with strength to spare. Do your utmost."
14
八月壬辰，行省遣人奏中渡店之捷。 初，兀典等赴息，既至之夜，潛遣忠孝軍百余騎襲宋營於中渡。 我軍皆北語，又散漫似之，宋人望之駭愕奔潰，斬獲甚眾。 複奏元帥張閏不遵約束，失亡軍士，乞正典刑。 婁室表閏無罪，上遣人赦之，比至，已死獄中。 蓋閏為婁室腹心，九住之獄皆閏發之。 兀典廉得其事，因其失律而誅之也。 九月，以忽魯退縮，不能撫禦，民多叛去，奪其職，以夾谷九十權息州事。
On the renchen day of the eighth month the provincial government reported a victory at Zhongdu Store. When Wudian's party reached Xi, that very night they secretly sent a little over a hundred Loyal-and-Filial horsemen to hit the Song camp at Zhongdu. Our men spoke northern dialects and rode in loose formation like the enemy; the Song troops took them for Mongols, panicked, and fled; the Jin cut down or captured a great many. They also reported that Marshal Zhang Run had disobeyed orders and lost troops, asking that he be punished by law. Loushi petitioned that Zhang Run was innocent; the emperor sent a pardon, but it arrived after Run had died in custody. Run had been Loushi's intimate; it was Run who had engineered Jiuzhu's imprisonment. Wudian uncovered the story and used Run's disciplinary lapse as grounds to have him executed. In the ninth month Hulu was removed for timidity and failure to keep order as the populace deserted; Jiagu Jiushi was left in acting charge of Xi.
15
十一月，宋人以軍二萬來攻。 城中食盡，乃和糴，既而括之，每石止留一斗，並括金帛衣物，城中皆無聊矣。 前兩月，蔡州以軍護老幼萬口來就食，北兵覺之，追及於二十裏之外，至息者才十餘人。 至是，蔡問不通。 行省及諸帥日以歌酒為事，聲樂不絕。 下及軍士強娶寡婦幼女，絕滅人理，無所不至。
In the eleventh month the Song attacked with twenty thousand men. When grain ran out they bought at set prices, then seized supplies outright, leaving only one dou per shi to households and stripping gold, silk, and clothing until the city was utterly destitute. Two months earlier Caizhou had sent an escort with ten thousand refugees to seek food; northern troops caught the column twenty li out; barely a dozen reached Xi alive. By then all contact with Caizhou was lost. The provincial staff and commanders spent their days in feasting and music without pause. Even common soldiers seized widows and girls by force, committing every outrage imaginable.
16
三年甲午正月，蔡凶問至，諸帥殺之以滅口，然民間亦頗有知者。 初，諸帥欲北降，而遞相猜忌，無敢先發者。 數日，蔡信哄然，諸帥屏人聚議，皆言送款南中為便。 時李裕為睦親府同僉桓端國信使下經歷官，乃使送款于宋。 遂發喪設祭，諡哀宗曰昭宗。 州民奉行省為領省，丞相、總帥、左平章皆娶婦。 十三日，舉城南遷，宋人焚州樓櫓。 州人老幼渡淮南行，入羅山，委曲之信陽。 北兵見火起，追及之，無有免者，且誅索行省已下官屬於宋。 宋人令官屬入城，托以犒賞，從萬戶以上六七百人皆殺之，軍中亦有奪命死敵者。 宋人諭諸軍，行省已下有罪已處置，汝等就迷魂寨安屯，遂以軍防之。 既而與北軍接，南軍斂避，一軍悉為所殺。
In the first month of jiawu, year 3, news of disaster at Caizhou arrived; the commanders killed the messengers to suppress the story, but word spread among the people. The commanders had long wanted to surrender to the north but distrusted one another, and no one would move first. Within days rumors from Caizhou boiled over; the commanders met in secret and agreed that submitting to the Song was the better course. Li Yu, a junior officer in the Bureau of Kinship Relations serving under Commissioner Huan Duan's embassy, was sent to negotiate surrender with the Song. They held funeral rites and posthumously styled Emperor Aizong as Emperor Zhaozong. The townspeople treated the provincial government as their sovereign; the chancellor, commander-in-chief, and left grand councilor each took local wives. On the thirteenth they evacuated the city southward; the Song burned its towers and palisades. Young and old crossed the Huai, entered the Luoshan region, and wound their way toward Xinyang. Northern troops saw the fires, overtook the column, and spared almost no one; they also demanded that the Song hand over the provincial officials. The Song lured the officials into the city with promises of rewards and slaughtered six or seven hundred men of chiliarch rank and above; some soldiers fought to the death as well. The Song told the troops that the provincial leaders had been punished and ordered the rest to camp at Lost-Soul Stockade under guard. When northern forces appeared the Song troops fell back, and the entire Jin army was wiped out.
17
烏古論鎬
Wugulun Hao
18
烏古論鎬，本名栲栳，東北路招討司人。 由護衛起身，累官慶陽總管。 天興初，遷蔡、息、陳、潁等州便宜總帥。 二年，哀宗在歸德，蒲察官奴、國用安欲上幸海州，未決。 會鎬餫米四百餘斛至歸德，且請幸蔡，上意遂決。 先遣直學士烏古論蒲鮮如蔡，告蔡人以臨幸之意。 六月，征蔡、息軍馬來迓，以蔡重鎮，且慮有不測，詔鎬勿遠迎。
Wugulun Hao, born Kaolao, came from the Eastern Route Pacification Commission. He rose through the Imperial Guard to become commander-in-chief of Qingyang. Early in Tianxing he was made discretionary commander-in-chief over Cai, Xi, Chen, and Ying prefectures. In year 2, while Emperor Aizong was at Guide, Pucha Guannu and Guo Yong'an urged him to move to Haizhou, but the court had not yet decided. When Hao delivered more than four hundred hu of grain to Guide and urged the emperor to move to Caizhou, the court's decision was made. He first dispatched Direct Academician Wugulun Puxian to Caizhou to announce the impending imperial visit. In the sixth month troops from Cai and Xi were called up to meet the procession; because Caizhou was a vital stronghold and the route was perilous, the emperor ordered Hao not to come out too far to receive him.
19
辛卯，車駕發歸德，時久雨，朝士扈從者徒行泥水中，掇青棗為糧，數日足脛盡腫，參政天綱亦然。 壬辰，至亳，上黃衣皁笠，金兔鶻帶，以青黃旗二導前，黃傘擁後，從者二三百人，馬五十餘匹而已。 行次城中，僧道父老拜伏道左，上遣近侍諭以「國家涵養汝輩百有餘年，今朕無德，令爾塗炭。 朕亦無足言者，汝輩無忘祖宗之德可也。」 皆呼萬歲，泣下。 留一日，進亳之南六十裏，避雨雙溝寺中，蒿艾滿目，無一人跡，上太息曰：「生靈盡矣。」 為之一慟。 是日，小婁室自息來迓，得馬二百。 己亥，入蔡。 蔡之父老千人羅拜於道，見上儀衛蕭條，莫不感泣，上亦歔欷者久之。
On the xinmao day the imperial train left Guide. After weeks of rain the attending officials waded through mud, gathering green jujubes for food; within days their legs swelled up—including Vice Grand Councilor Zhang Tiangang. On renchen they reached Bo. The emperor wore plain yellow robes, a black bamboo hat, and a golden belt; two blue-and-yellow banners went ahead and a yellow parasol behind. His entire escort was barely two or three hundred men and fifty-odd horses. As he passed through the town, monks, Daoist priests, and elders kowtowed along the road. A close attendant relayed his words: "The state has sustained you for more than a century; I lack the virtue to have spared you this ruin. I have little else to say—only do not forget the grace of our forebears." All cried "Long live the emperor!" through their tears. After a day's halt they pressed sixty li south of Bo and took shelter from rain at Shuanggou Temple—artemisia everywhere, not a soul in sight. The emperor sighed: "The land is dead. He wept aloud. That day Younger Loushi rode out from Xi to meet him with two hundred horses. On the jihai day the emperor entered Caizhou. A thousand Caizhou elders lined the road in homage; seeing the emperor's meager escort, all wept, and the emperor sobbed for a long time himself.
20
七月，以鎬為御史大夫，總帥如故。 初，鎬守蔡，門禁甚嚴，男女樵采，必以墨識其面，人有以錢出者，十取一分有半以贍軍。 上至蔡，或言其非便，即弛其禁。 時大兵去遠，商販頗集，小民鼓舞，以為複見太平，公私宿釀，一日俱盡。
In the seventh month Hao was appointed censor-in-chief while retaining his command. While Hao had held Caizhou, security had been draconian: men and women who gathered fuel were ink-marked on the face, and anyone leaving with cash paid a fifteen-percent levy for the army. When the emperor arrived, advisers said the restrictions were unwise, and Hao lifted them at once. With the enemy army far away, traders returned; commoners rejoiced as if peace had come back; public and private cellars were broached and drained in a single day.
21
郾城土豪盧進殺其長吏，自稱招撫使，以前關、陝帥府經歷範天保為副。 至是，天保來見，進麥三百石及麞鹿脯、茶、蜜等物，遂賜進金牌，加天保官，自是進物者踵至。 既而遣內侍殿頭宋珪與鎬妻選室女備後宮，已得數人，右丞忽斜虎諫曰：「小民無知，將謂陛下駐蹕以來，不聞恢復遠略，而先求處女以示久居。 民愚而神，不可不畏。」 上曰：「朕以六宮失散，左右無人，故令采擇。 今承規誨，敢不敬從。 止留解文義者一人，餘皆放遣。」
At Yancheng the local boss Lu Jin murdered the magistrate, proclaimed himself pacification commissioner, and made Fan Tianbao—formerly on the Guan-Shaan command staff—his deputy. Fan Tianbao then came to court with three hundred shi of wheat, venison, tea, honey, and other gifts; Lu Jin received a golden tally and Tianbao a promotion, and tributary offerings soon poured in. Soon the emperor sent Inner Service chief Song Gui and Hao's wife to recruit palace women; several had been chosen when Right Chancellor Husalahu objected: "The people are simple-minded—they will say that since Your Majesty halted here they have heard nothing of reconquest, only that you are gathering girls as if settling in for good. The masses may be ignorant, but they sense what rulers do—this must be feared." The emperor replied, "My consorts are scattered and I have no attendants—that is why I ordered the search. Hearing your counsel, how could I refuse to obey? Keep only one woman who can read texts; send the rest away."
22
是時，從官近侍率皆窮乏，悉取給於鎬，鎬亦不能人滿其欲，日夕交譖於上，甚以尚食闕供為言。 上怒，雖擢拜大夫，而召見特疏。 小婁室之在息州也，與石抹九住有隙，怨鎬為九住辨曲直。 及上幸蔡，婁室見於雙溝，因厚誣鎬罪，上頗信之。 鎬自知被讒，憂憤郁抑，常稱疾在告。 會前參知政事石盞女魯歡侄大安來，以女魯歡無反狀，為官奴所殺，白尚書省求改正，尚書省以聞。 上曰：「朕嘗謂女魯歡反邪，而無跡可尋。 謂不反邪，朕方暴露，遣人征援兵，彼留精銳自防，發其羸弱者以來。 既到睢陽，彼厚自奉養，使朕醯醬有闕。 朕為人君，不當語此細事，但四海郡縣，孰非國家所有？ 坐保一城，臣子之分，彼乃自負而有驕君上之心，非反而何？ 然朕方駕馭人材以濟艱難，錄功忘過此其時也，其厘正之。」 群臣知上意之在鎬也，數為右丞仲德言之。 仲德每見上，必稱鎬功業，宜令預參機務，又薦以自代，上怒少解。 及參政抹撚兀典行省息州，鎬遂以御史大夫權參知政事。
Attendants and inner staff were penniless and all looked to Hao for support; he could not satisfy everyone, and they slandered him daily to the emperor, chiefly complaining that the imperial kitchens went unfed. The emperor grew angry; though he had promoted Hao to grand master, he rarely summoned him. Younger Loushi had quarreled with Shimo Jiuzhu at Xi Prefecture and resented Hao for taking Jiuzhu's side. When the emperor reached Caizhou, Loushi met him at Shuanggou and heaped false charges on Hao, which the emperor largely believed. Knowing he had been slandered, Hao grew anxious and withdrawn and often pleaded illness to avoid court. Former Vice Grand Councilor Shizhan Nüluan's nephew Da'an arrived to protest that Nüluan had shown no sign of rebellion when Pucha Guannu killed him; he petitioned the Secretariat, which reported to the throne. The emperor said, "I once asked myself whether Nüluan was a rebel—and found no evidence. Yet if he were loyal, why—while I was camped in the open begging for reinforcements—did he keep his best troops and send me only the weak? Once he reached Suiyang he feasted himself while my table went bare. A sovereign should not dwell on such petty grievances—yet every commandery under heaven belongs to the state, does it not? A subject's duty is to hold a city for his lord; Nüluan acted as if he alone mattered and looked down on his sovereign—if that is not treason, what is? Still, I must use every able man in this crisis; now is the time to reward service and overlook faults—set his record straight." The court saw that the emperor's sympathies lay with Hao and repeatedly urged Right Chancellor Zhongde to intercede. Whenever Zhongde saw the emperor he praised Hao's service and urged that he be brought back into deliberations, even offering to step aside in his favor; the emperor's anger softened. When Monian Wudian went to run the provincial government at Xi, Hao was left as acting vice grand councilor in addition to his post as censor-in-chief.
23
九月，大兵圍蔡，鎬守南面，忠孝軍元帥蔡八兒副之。 未幾，城破被執，以招息州不下，殺之。
In the ninth month the enemy besieged Caizhou; Hao held the southern wall with Loyal-and-Filial Army Marshal Cai Ba'er as his second. When the city soon fell he was captured; the enemy killed him after he failed to persuade Xi Prefecture to surrender.
24
烏古論先生者，本貴人家奴，為全真師。 佯為狂態，裸顛露足，綴麻為衣，人亦謂之「麻帔先生」。 宣宗嘗召入宮，問以秘術。 因出入大長主家，殊有穢跡，上微聞之，敕有司掩捕，已逃去。 正大末，從鎬來官汝南，人皆知與其妻通，而鎬不知。 生不自安，求出，鎬為營道宇，親率僧道送使居之。 車駕將至蔡，生欲遁無所往，因自言能使軍士服氣不費糧。 右丞仲德知其妄，乃奏：「欲如田單假神師退敵之意，授一真人之號，旋出奇計，北兵信巫必駭異之，或可以有成功。」 參政天綱以為不可，遂止。 複求入見，言有詭計可以退敵。 及見，長揖不拜，且多大言，欲出說大帥噴盞為脫身計。 時郎中移剌克忠、員外郎王鶚具以向者「麻帔」為言，上怒殺之。
The man known as Master Wugulun had been a bondservant in a noble house before becoming a Complete Perfection Daoist priest. He feigned madness, going bareheaded and barefoot in patched hemp robes, and was nicknamed "Master Hemp Cloak." Emperor Xuanzong once summoned him to court to inquire about occult arts. He frequented the Grand Princess's household with scandalous results; the emperor heard rumors and ordered his arrest, but he had already fled. Late in the Zhengda reign he followed Hao to Runan; everyone knew he was sleeping with Hao's wife, though Hao himself did not. Uneasy, the priest asked to withdraw; Hao built him a chapel and escorted him there with monks and Daoists. As the emperor approached Caizhou the priest had nowhere to run and claimed he could teach soldiers to live on breath alone without grain. Zhongde knew he was a fraud but memorialized: "As Tian Dan once used a 'divine teacher' to rout the enemy, we might grant this man the title of True Man and try some stratagem—the northerners are superstitious and may be shaken; success is possible." Vice Grand Councilor Zhang Tiangang objected, and the plan was dropped. He asked for another audience, claiming a trick that would drive the enemy away. Received at court, he bowed without kneeling and boasted wildly, proposing to go out and persuade the enemy commander as a way to save himself. Director Yila Kezhong and Vice Director Wang E recounted his past as "Master Hemp Cloak"; the emperor had him executed in a rage.
25
贊曰：晉劉越石長於撫納，短於駕馭，以故取敗。 粘葛奴申陳州之事，殆類之矣。 三婁室皆金內族，唯大婁室死得其所，其兩婁室讒賊人也，襄城事急，醉不能軍，乃逭一死，金失政刑，一至於是。 烏古論鎬幸蔡之請，雖非至謀，區區效忠以讒見忌，哀宗之明，蓋可知矣。
Commentary: Liu Yueshi of Jin excelled at winning men over but failed at controlling them, and so he was ruined. Zhange Nushen's story at Chenzhou is much the same. All three Loushi were imperial clansmen; only Elder Loushi died as a soldier should. The other two were traitorous slanderers who, when Xiangcheng was in peril, were too drunk to fight yet escaped punishment—proof of how far Jin government and justice had collapsed. Hao's plea to move the court to Caizhou was not brilliant strategy, yet his loyal service earned him slander and suspicion—by which one may gauge Emperor Aizong's judgment.
26
張天綱
Zhang Tiangang
27
扶溝縣招撫司知事劉昌祖上封事，請大舉伐宋，其略雲：「官軍在前，饑民在後，南踐江、惟，西入邑、蜀。」 頗合上意。 上命天綱面詰其蘊藉，召與語無可取者，然重違上命，且恐閉塞言路，奏以為尚書省委差官。 護衛女奚烈完出、近侍局直長粘合斜烈、奉禦陳謙、權近侍局直長內族泰和四人，以食不給出怨言，乞往陳州就食。 天綱奏令監之出門任所往。 才出及汝南岸，遇北兵皆見殺，時人快之。 妖人烏古論先生者自言能使軍士服氣，可不費糧。 右丞仲德援田單故事，欲假其術以駭敵，語在《烏古論鎬傳》。 上頗然之，天綱力辨以為不可，遂止，且曰：「向非張天綱，幾為此賊所誑。」 軍吏石抹虎兒者求見仲德，自謂有奇計退敵，出馬面具如獅子狀而惡，別制青麻布為足、尾，因言：「北兵所恃者馬而已，欲制其人，先制其馬。 如我軍進戰，尋少卻，彼必來追。 我以馴騎百餘皆此狀，仍系大鈴于頸，壯士乘之，以突彼騎，騎必驚逸，我軍鼓噪繼其後，此田單所以破燕也。」 天綱曰：「不可。 彼眾我寡，此不足恃，縱使驚去，安保其不復來乎？ 恐徒費工物，只取敵人笑耳。」 乃罷之。
Liu Changzu, commissioner of the Fugou County pacification office, submitted a sealed memorial urging a major campaign against the Song, proposing that "regular troops advance in front with hungry civilians behind, striking south across the Yangzi and Huai and west into Yi and Shu." The plan rather pleased the emperor. The emperor ordered Zhang Tiangang to examine Liu in person; after questioning him he found nothing of substance, yet he hesitated to defy the throne outright or choke off memorials, and recommended Liu for a secretariat dispatch post. Four men of the guard and inner service—Nüxilie Wanchu, Nihehan Xielie, Chen Qian, and the inner-clan officer Taihe—complained that rations failed and asked leave to go to Chenzhou to eat. Tiangang recommended that they be escorted out the gate and allowed to go wherever they pleased. They had scarcely crossed to the south bank of the Ru when northern troops killed them all, to general satisfaction. The charlatan Master Wugulun claimed he could teach soldiers to live without grain by breathing exercises. Right Chancellor Zhongde cited Tian Dan's precedent and wished to use the trick to frighten the enemy, as related in the biography of Wugulun Hao. The emperor was inclined to agree, but Zhang Tiangang argued fiercely against it and the scheme was dropped; he added, "But for Zhang Tiangang we would almost have been duped by that rogue." An army clerk named Shimo Hu'er asked to see Zhongde with a "wonder plan": he showed a fierce lion-mask for horses and blue hemp legs and tail, saying, "The northerners depend on their horses—beat the horses and you beat the men. If our army attacks and then feigns a brief retreat, they will pursue. Send a hundred docile horses fitted with these masks and great bells on the neck, with strong riders to charge the enemy cavalry—they will panic and bolt, and our men can drum and yell in pursuit. That is how Tian Dan defeated Yan." Zhang Tiangang said, "No. They outnumber us; this trick is unreliable—even if it scares them off once, what keeps them from returning? We would waste effort and material for nothing but the enemy's mockery." The plan was abandoned.
28
蔡城破，為宋將孟珙得之，檻車械至臨安，備禮告廟。 既而，命臨安知府薛瓊問曰：「有何面目到此？」 天綱對曰：「國之興亡，何代無之。 我金之亡，比汝二帝何如？」 瓊大叱曰：「曳去。」 明日，遂奏其語，宋主召問曰：「天綱真不畏死耶？」 對曰：「大丈夫患死之不中節爾，何畏之有。」 因祈死不已。 宋主不聽。 初，有司令供狀必欲書虜主，天綱曰：「殺即殺，焉用狀為！」 有司不能屈，聽其所供，天綱但書故主而已。 聞者憐之。 後不知所終。
When Caizhou fell, Song general Meng Gong took him, sent him in a cage to Lin'an, and presented him at the ancestral temple with full ceremony. The Lin'an prefect Xue Qiong was ordered to interrogate him: "What face do you have to show here?" Zhang Tiangang answered, "Dynasties rise and fall in every age. How does the fall of our Jin compare with what became of your two emperors?" Qiong roared, "Take him away!" The next day Xue reported his words; the Song emperor summoned Zhang and asked, "Is Zhang Tiangang truly unafraid of death?" He replied, "A true man fears only dying at the wrong time—what is there to fear?" He begged for death repeatedly. The Song emperor refused. Earlier an official had demanded that his written confession call the Jin ruler a "barbarian lord." Zhang said, "Kill me if you will—what need of a confession?" They could not break him; he wrote only "the former emperor." Onlookers pitied him. His ultimate fate is unknown.
29
完顏仲德
Wanyan Zhongde
30
正大五年，詔關陝以南行元帥府事，以備小關及扇車回。 時北兵叩關，仲德適與前帥奧屯阿裏不酌酒更代，而兵猝至，遂驅而東。 阿裏不素無守禦之策，為有司所劾，罪當死。 仲德上書引咎，以謂「北兵越關之際，符印已交，安得歸罪前帥，臣請受戮。」 上義之，止杖阿裏不而貰其死。
In Zhengda 5 he was ordered to run the marshal's headquarters south of the Guan-Shaan passes to guard Xiaoguan and Shanchehui. When northern forces struck the passes, Zhongde was exchanging command over wine with his predecessor Aotun Alibu; the enemy appeared suddenly and they were driven eastward. Alibu had never had a coherent defense plan and was impeached on a capital charge. Zhongde submitted a confession, saying, "When the enemy crossed the passes the seals had already changed hands—blame cannot fall on my predecessor alone. Punish me instead." The emperor admired his loyalty, had Alibu beaten, and spared his life.
31
六年，移知鞏昌府，兼行總帥府事。 時陝西諸郡已殘，仲德招集散亡，得軍數萬，依山為柵，屯田積穀，人多歸焉。 一方獨得小康，號令明肅，至路不拾遺。 八年四月，詔授仲德鞏昌行省及虎符、銀印。 天興元年九月，拜工部尚書、參知政事，行尚書省事於陝州。 時兀典新敗，陝州殘破，仲德複立山寨，安撫軍民。 會上以蠟丸書征諸道兵入援，行省院帥府往往觀望不進，或中道遇兵而潰，惟仲德提孤軍千人，曆秦、藍、商、鄧，擷果菜為食，間關百死至汴。 至之日，適上東遷。 妻子在京師五年矣，仲德不入其家，趨見上于宋門，問東幸之意。 知欲北渡，力諫雲：「北兵在河南，而上遠徇河北，萬一無功，得完歸乎？ 國之存亡，在此一舉，願加審察。 臣嘗屢遣人奏，秦、鞏之間山岩深固，糧餉豐贍。 不若西辛，依險固以居，命帥臣分道出戰，然後進取興元，經略巴蜀，此萬全策也。」 上已與白撒議定，不從，然素重仲德，且嘉其赴難，進拜尚書省右丞、兼樞密副使，軍次黃陵岡。
In year 6 he was transferred to govern Gongchang Prefecture and act as commander-in-chief. Shaanxi was in ruins; Zhongde gathered refugees, built a force of tens of thousands, fortified mountain camps, opened garrison farms, and drew people back to his rule. His territory alone knew modest peace; discipline was so strict that lost goods were left untouched on the road. In the fourth month of year 8 he was given provincial authority over Gongchang with tiger tally and silver seal. In the ninth month of Tianxing 1 he became minister of works and vice grand councilor, directing the Secretariat from Shaanzhou. Wudian had just been defeated and Shaanzhou lay in ruins; Zhongde rebuilt mountain strongholds and reassured soldiers and civilians. When the emperor sent a wax-sealed order calling up relief armies, most provincial and military headquarters hesitated or broke up on the march; only Zhongde led a thousand men through Qin, Lan, Shang, and Deng, living on foraged fruit and vegetables, and after countless narrow escapes reached Bian. He arrived just as the emperor was moving east. His family had been in the capital five years, yet he went straight to Song Gate without stopping home, asked the emperor's purpose in moving east. Learning the plan was to cross north, he argued fiercely: "The enemy holds Henan while Your Majesty marches far into Hebei—if this fails, can you return safely? The fate of the dynasty hangs on this decision—please reconsider. I have reported again and again that the Qin–Gong region offers rugged mountains and ample supplies. Better move west, hold the mountain passes, send commanders out on separate fronts, then advance on Xingyuan and open a campaign in Ba and Shu—that is the surest plan." The emperor had already agreed with Bai Sa and would not be swayed, but he respected Zhongde's loyalty in coming through danger, made him right chancellor of the Secretariat and vice commissioner of military affairs, and camped the army at Huangling Ridge.
32
二年正月，車駕至歸德，以仲德行尚書省於徐州。 既至，遣人與國用安通問。 沛縣卓翼、孫璧沖者初投用安，用安封翼為東平郡王，璧沖博平公，升沛縣為源州。 已而翼、璧沖來歸，仲德畀之舊職，令統河北諸砦，行源州帥府事。 用安累檄王德全入援，不赴。 仲德至徐，德全大恐，求赴歸德。 仲德留之，遣人納奏帖雲：「徐州重地，德全不宜離鎮。」 仲德虛州廨不居，亦無兵衛自防，日以觀書為事，而德全自疑益甚。
In the first month of year 2 the emperor reached Guide and sent Zhongde to direct the Secretariat from Xuzhou. On arrival he opened communications with Guo Yong'an. Zhuo Yi and Sun Bichong of Pei had first joined Yong'an, who made Yi prince of Dongping, Bichong duke of Boping, and elevated Pei to Yuan Prefecture. When Yi and Bichong later defected to Zhongde, he restored their old titles and put them in charge of Hebei stockades as acting commanders of Yuan Prefecture. Yong'an repeatedly ordered Wang Dequan to bring reinforcements; Dequan refused. When Zhongde reached Xuzhou, Dequan panicked and asked leave to join the emperor at Guide. Zhongde kept him there and memorialized: "Xuzhou is vital—Dequan must not abandon his post." Zhongde left the prefectural hall empty, kept no armed guard, and spent his days reading, which only deepened Dequan's paranoia.
33
二月，魚山總領張曁獻作亂，殺元帥完顏胡土降北。 仲德累議討之，德全不從，即領麾下十許人，親勸民兵得三百人，徑往魚山，而從宜嚴祿已誅曁獻反正，仲德撫慰軍民而還。 有曹總領者，盜禦馬東行，制旨諭行省討之，仲德既殺賊，德全欲功出己，殺曹黨四十八人。
In the second month Zhang Yixian, chief controller at Yushan, mutinied, killed Marshal Wanyan Hutu, and defected to the north. Zhongde urged action repeatedly but Dequan refused; Zhongde took a dozen followers, rallied three hundred militia, and marched on Yushan—only to find Yan Lu had already killed Yixian and restored order; he reassured the troops and returned. When Chief Controller Cao stole imperial horses and fled east, the court ordered the provincial government to pursue him; after Zhongde killed the robbers, Dequan claimed the credit and executed forty-eight of Cao's followers.
34
三月，阿術魯攻蕭縣，游騎至徐，德全馬悉為所邀。 仲德時往宿州，德全以失馬故，始議救蕭縣，遣張元哥、苗秀昌率騎八百以往。 未及交戰，元哥退走，北兵掩之，皆為所擒殺之，蕭縣遂破。 四月，仲德陽以關糧往邳州，州官出迎，就執德全並其子殺之，餘黨之外，一無所問，闔郡稱快。
In the third month Ashulu attacked Xiao County; raiders reached Xuzhou and seized all of Dequan's horses. Zhongde was at Suzhou; only after losing his horses did Dequan agree to relieve Xiao and sent Zhang Yuange and Miao Xiuchang with eight hundred horsemen. Before battle was joined Yuange fled; northern troops surrounded the column and slaughtered it; Xiao County fell. In the fourth month Zhongde pretended to inspect grain at Pizhou; when officials came out to meet him he seized Dequan and his son and killed them, punished no one else, and the whole region applauded.
35
初，完顏胡土以遙授徐州節度，往帥嚴祿軍於永州北保安鎮。 時祿已為從宜，在碭山數年，又得士心。 忽土到，軍士不悅，二月辛卯夜，遂為總領張曁獻、崔振所害。 吏部郎中張敏修，忽土下經歷官，乃以軍變脅嚴祿降北。 祿佯應之，陰召永州守陳立、副招撫郭升，會諸義軍赴保安鎮誅作亂者。 軍夜至，祿遣敏修召曁獻、振計事，二人不疑，介胄而至，及其黨與皆為祿所殺。 徐州去保安百里，行省聞之來討，會祿已反正，乃以便宜授祿行元帥左都監，就佩忽土虎符。 朝廷複授祿遙領歸德知府、兼行帥府事。 未幾，大元將阿術魯兵至保安，祿夜遁。 後祿聞官奴變，一軍頓徐、宿間幾一月，遂投漣水，敏修入徐。
Wanyan Hutu had been remotely appointed military commissioner of Xuzhou and sent to take command of Yan Lu's force at Bao'an Town north of Yongzhou. Yan Lu had long been acting commander at Dangshan and had won the troops' loyalty. When Hutu arrived the men resented him; on the xinmao night of the second month Zhang Yixian and Cui Zhen murdered him. Zhang Minxiu of the Ministry of Personnel, Hutu's subordinate, used the mutiny to force Yan Lu to defect north. Yan Lu feigned agreement while secretly summoning Chen Li of Yongzhou and Deputy Pacification Commissioner Guo Sheng to rally loyal militia at Bao'an and kill the mutineers. The force arrived by night; Yan Lu sent Minxiu to summon Yixian and Zhen on business; they came in armor unsuspecting and were killed with their followers. Xuzhou lay a hundred li away; the provincial government marched to punish the revolt but found Yan Lu had already restored loyalty and gave him acting command with Hutu's tiger tally. The court also named him remote prefect of Guide with acting command of the military headquarters. Soon Yuan general Ashulu reached Bao'an and Yan Lu fled overnight. After Guannu's coup Yan Lu's army lingered between Xu and Su for a month, then withdrew to Lianshui while Minxiu entered Xuzhou.
36
五月，詔仲德赴行在。 時官奴已變，官屬懼為所紿，勸勿往。 仲德曰：「君父之命，豈辨真偽耶？ 死亦當行。」 尋使者至，果官奴之詐。 六月，官奴誅，詔仲德議遷蔡，仲德雅欲奉上西幸，因贊成之。 及蔡，領省院，事無巨細，率親為之，選士括馬，繕治甲兵，未嘗一日無西志。 近侍左右久困睢陽，幸即汝陽之安，皆娶妻營業，不願遷徙，日夕為上言西行不便。 未幾，大兵梗路，竟不果行。 仲德每深居燕坐，瞑目太息，以不得西遷為恨。
In the fifth month the emperor ordered Zhongde to the mobile court. Guannu had already rebelled; staff feared a trap and urged him not to go. Zhongde said, "When one's sovereign commands, who weighs whether the order is genuine? One goes even at the risk of death." Soon a messenger arrived and proved the summons a fraud by Guannu. In the sixth month Guannu was killed; the court ordered Zhongde to plan the move to Caizhou; he had long favored a western retreat and supported the decision. At Caizhou he took charge of civil and military government, handled every detail himself, recruited men, gathered horses, repaired arms, and never abandoned hope of moving west. The inner staff, exhausted by years at Suiyang, were glad of Runan's comfort, took wives and set up businesses, and daily told the emperor a western move was impractical. Soon enemy armies blocked the routes and the western move never happened. Zhongde would sit alone with eyes closed, sighing over the failed western retreat.
37
是月，上至蔡，命有司修見山亭及同知衙，為遊息之所。 仲德諫曰：「自古人君遭難，播越於外，必痛自刻苦貶損，然後可以克復舊物。 況今諸郡殘破，保完者獨一蔡耳。 蔡之公廨固不及宮闕萬一，方之野處露宿則有加矣。 且上初行幸，已嘗勞民葺治，今又興土木之役以求安逸，恐人心解弛，不足以濟大事。」 上遽命止之。
That month the emperor ordered repairs to Jianshan Pavilion and the assistant prefect's compound for recreation. Zhongde objected: "Rulers in exile have always had to endure hardship and humble themselves before they could recover their realm. Every prefecture lies in ruins; only Caizhou still stands. Its government offices are far below a palace, yet they are luxury compared with sleeping in the open field. Your first arrival already burdened the people with repairs; new building projects for comfort will loosen morale and doom any hope of recovery." The emperor ordered the work halted at once.
38
七月，定進馬遷賞格。 每甲馬一匹或二匹以上，遷賞有差。 自是，西山帥臣范真、姬汝作等各以馬進，凡得千餘匹，以抹撚阿典領之。 又遣使分詣諸道徵兵赴蔡，得精銳萬人。 又以器甲不完，命工部侍郎術甲咬住監督修繕，不逾月告成。 軍威稍振，扈從諸人苟一時之安，遂以蔡為可守矣。
In the seventh month the court set rewards for horses presented for promotion. Rewards varied according to whether one or more horses with armor were presented. Western commanders such as Fan Zhen and Ji Ruzuo sent horses until more than a thousand were collected under Monian A's care. Envoys were sent along every route to summon troops to Caizhou, raising ten thousand elite men. Because arms were inadequate, Vice Minister of Works Shu Jia Yaozhu was ordered to oversee repairs, finished within a month. Morale improved slightly; the entourage, clinging to temporary safety, decided Caizhou could be held.
39
魯山元帥元志領軍千餘來援。 時諸帥往往擁兵自固，志獨冒險數百里，且戰且行，比至蔡，幾喪其半。 上表異之，賜以大信牌，升為總帥。 息州忠孝軍帥蔡八兒、王山兒亦來援。
Marshal Yuan Zhi of Lushan brought more than a thousand men to reinforce Caizhou. While other commanders hoarded their forces, Zhi alone fought his way hundreds of li and lost nearly half his men before reaching Caizhou. The emperor praised him in a memorial, gave him a great trust plaque, and promoted him to commander-in-chief. Cai Ba'er and Wang Shan'er of the Loyal-and-Filial Army from Xi also arrived.
40
壬午，忠孝軍提控李德率十余人乘馬入省大呼，以月糧不優，幾於罵詈。 郎中移剌克忠白之仲德，仲德大怒，縛德堂下，杖之六十。 上諭仲德曰：「此軍得力，方欲倚用，卿何不容忍，責罰乃爾。」 仲德曰：「時方多故，錄功隱過，自陛下之德。 至於將帥之職則不然，小犯則決，大犯則誅，強兵悍卒，不可使一日不在紀律。 蓋小人之情縱則驕，驕則難制，睢陽之禍，豈獨官奴之罪，亦有司縱之太過也。 今欲更易前轍，不宜愛克厥威，賞必由中，罰則臣任其責。」 軍士聞之，至於國亡不敢有犯。
On renwu day Control Officer Li De of the Loyal-and-Filial Army rode into the provincial office with a dozen men shouting that monthly rations were too small, nearly insulting the officials. Director Yila Kezhong reported to Zhongde, who had Li De bound in the hall and beaten sixty strokes. The emperor told Zhongde: "This army is useful and we mean to rely on it—why punish them so harshly?" Zhongde replied, "In these times it is Your Majesty's grace to overlook faults when recording merit. A commander must act differently: small offenses demand swift punishment, great ones death; fierce troops cannot be left a single day without discipline. Indulge common soldiers and they grow arrogant and ungovernable—the disaster at Suiyang was not Guannu's fault alone but also officials who indulged the troops too long. We must change course: do not shrink from authority—let Your Majesty grant rewards, and leave punishments to me." The troops heard him and did not dare offend discipline even as the state fell.
41
九月，蔡城戒嚴。 行六部尚書蒲察世達以大兵將至，請諭民並收晚田，不及者踐毀之，毋資敵，制可。 丙辰，詔裁冗員，汰冗軍，及定官吏軍兵月俸，自宰執以下至於皁隸，人月支六斗。 初，有司定減糧，人頗怨望。 上聞之，欲分軍為三，上軍月給八斗，中七斗，下六斗，人複怨不均。 乃立射格，而上中軍輒多受賞，連中者或面賜酒，人益為勸，且陰有所增而人不知，仲德之謀也。 甲子，分軍防守四面。
In the ninth month Caizhou was placed under martial law. Acting minister Pucha Shida, expecting the enemy army, ordered the people to harvest late crops and destroy any left so the foe would not use them—the emperor approved. On bingchen the court cut redundant posts and troops and fixed monthly pay at six dou for everyone from chief ministers down to clerks. When rations were first cut, there was widespread resentment. The emperor then proposed three grades—eight, seven, and six dou—but men complained of unfairness. They set up an archery contest instead; elite units won extra rewards and wine from the emperor, spirits rose, and rations were quietly increased without general notice—Zhongde's idea. On jiazi the army was posted to defend all four walls.
42
十月壬申朔，大兵壕壘成，耀兵城下，旗幟蔽天。 城中駭懼，及暮，焚四關，夷其牆而退。 十一月辛丑，大兵以攻具傅城，有司盡籍民丁防守，不足則括婦女壯健者，假男子衣冠使運木石。 蔡既受圍，仲德營畫禦備，未嘗一至其家，拊存軍士，無不得其歡心，將校有戰亡者，親為賻祭，哭之盡哀。 己丑，西城破，城中前期築柵浚濠為備，雖克之不能入也。 但於城上立柵，南北相去百余步而已。 仲德摘三面精銳日夕戰禦，終不能拔。
On the renshen new moon of the tenth month the enemy completed their siege works, paraded troops below the walls, and banners darkened the sky. Panic spread inside; at dusk the Jin burned the outer gates, leveled those walls, and pulled back. On xinchou the enemy brought siege engines; every man was conscripted, and strong women were dressed as men to haul timber and stone when men ran short. During the siege Zhongde organized defenses, never visited home, won every soldier's loyalty, and personally mourned officers killed in battle. On jichou the western wall fell, but inner palisades and moats prepared earlier kept the enemy from entering. They raised palisades on the wall only a hundred-odd paces apart north and south. Zhongde led elite troops on three sides in daily combat but could not drive the enemy off.
43
三年正月庚子朔，大兵以正旦會飲，鼓吹相接，城中饑窘，愁歎而已。 圍城以來，戰歿者四帥、三都尉，其餘總帥以下，不可勝紀。 至是，盡出禁近，至於舍人、牌印、省部掾屬，亦皆供役。 戊申，大兵鑿西城為五門，整軍以入，督軍鏖戰，及暮乃退，聲言來日複集。 己酉，大兵果複來，仲德率精兵一千巷戰，自卯及巳，俄見子城火起，聞上自縊，謂將士曰：「吾君已崩，吾何以戰為？ 吾不能死於亂兵之手，吾赴汝水，從吾君矣。 諸君其善為計。」 言訖，赴水死。 將士皆曰：「相公能死，吾輩獨不能耶？」 於是參政孛術魯婁室、兀林答胡土，總帥元志，元帥王山兒、紇石烈柏壽、烏古論恆端及軍士五百余人，皆從死焉。
On the gengzi new moon of year 3 the besiegers feasted on New Year's Day with drums and music while inside the city starved and could only sigh. Since the siege began four marshals and three commandants had died, and countless officers below them. By then even inner attendants, masters of writing, seal officers, and ministry clerks were sent to the walls. On wushen the enemy breached five gaps in the western wall, stormed in, fought until evening, withdrew, and announced they would return next day. On jiyou they returned; Zhongde led a thousand men in street fighting from dawn till mid-morning, then saw flames in the inner city and heard the emperor had hanged himself. He told his officers: "Our sovereign is dead—why should I fight on? I will not die at the hands of a mob—I go to the Ru to follow my lord. Each of you must decide for himself." With that he drowned himself in the river. The soldiers cried: "If the chancellor can die, cannot we?" Vice Grand Councilor Borjilu Loushi, Ulin Da Hutu, Commander-in-Chief Yuan Zhi, Marshals Wang Shan'er, Hesilie Baishou, Wugulun Hengduan, and more than five hundred soldiers followed him to their deaths.
44
仲德狀貌不逾常人，平生喜怒未嘗妄發，聞人過，常護諱之。 雖在軍旅，手不釋卷，門生故吏每以名分教之。 家素貧，敝衣糲食，終其身晏如也。 雅好賓客，及薦舉人材，人有寸長，極口稱道。 其掌軍務，賞罰明信，號令嚴整，故所至軍民為用，至危急死生之際，無一士有異志者。 南渡以後，將相文武，忠亮始終無瑕，仲德一人而已。
Zhongde looked no different from ordinary men, never showed anger without cause, and usually concealed others' faults when he heard of them. Even in camp he kept a book in hand and lectured students and old retainers on propriety. His household was always poor; he wore worn clothes and ate plain food contentedly all his life. He loved entertaining guests and, when recommending talent, praised even the smallest merit to the skies. In military affairs his rewards and punishments were clear and his orders strict, so soldiers and civilians alike followed him; at the crisis of life and death not one man wavered. After the southern retreat, among all civil and military leaders, only Zhongde remained loyal and spotless to the end.
45
贊曰：金之亡，不可謂無人才也。 若完顏仲德、張天綱，豈非將相之器乎。 昔者智伯死又無後，其臣豫讓不忘國士之報，君子謂其無所為而為之，真義士也。 金亡矣，仲德、天綱諸臣不變所守，豈愧古義士哉！
Commentary: The fall of Jin cannot be blamed on a lack of talent. Men such as Wanyan Zhongde and Zhang Tiangang were surely fit for the highest civil and military office. When Zhi Bo died without heirs, his retainer Yu Rang still sought to avenge him; gentlemen called that acting without hope of gain—a true man of honor. Jin is gone, yet Zhongde, Tiangang, and their fellows never abandoned their duty—how could they shame the righteous men of old!