1
列傳第五十八世戚○石家奴裴滿達忽睹徒單恭烏古論蒲魯虎唐括德溫烏古論粘沒曷蒲察阿虎迭烏林答暉蒲察鼎壽徒單思忠徒單繹烏林答復烏古論元忠子誼唐括貢烏林答琳徒單公弼徒單銘徒單四喜
Biography 58: Consort Kin — Shi Jianu; Pei Manda; Hu Du; Tudan Gong; Wugulun Puluhu; Tangkuo Dewen; Wugulun Zhanmeihe; Pucha Ahudie; Wulinda Hui; Pucha Dingshou; Tudan Sizhong; Tudan Yi; Wulinda Fu; Yi, son of Wugulun Yuanzhong; Tangkuo Gong; Wulinda Lin; Tudan Gongbi; Tudan Ming; and Tudan Sixi
2
金昭祖娶徒單氏，后妃之族，自此始見。 世祖時，烏春為難，世祖欲求昏以結其歡心，烏春曰：「女直與胡里改豈可為昏。」 世宗時，賜夾穀清臣族同國人。 清臣，胡里改人也。 然則四十七部之中亦有不通昏因者矣，其故則莫能詰也。 有國家者，昏因有恆族，能使風氣淳固，親義不渝，而貴賤等威有別焉，蓋良法也歟。 作《世戚傳》。
Emperor Zhaozu of Jin took a wife from the Tudan clan; it is from this marriage that consort kin first enter the histories. Under Emperor Shizu, Wuchun stirred up conflict; Shizu tried to seal a marriage alliance to win him over, but Wuchun replied, "How can Jurchen and Hurile ever marry into one another?" Later, under Emperor Shizong, the clan of Jiagu Qingchen was granted the same standing as native Jurchen. Qingchen himself was from Hurile. So even among the forty-seven tribal divisions there were groups that did not intermarry, though the reason for this cannot now be fully traced. For any polity, reserving marriage alliances to fixed clans can keep customs wholesome, kinship bonds steadfast, and rank and precedence clearly distinguished — perhaps this is sound policy after all. Hence this "Biographies of Consort Kin."
3
石家奴
Shi Jianu
4
石家奴，蒲察部人，世居案出虎水。 祖斛魯短，世祖外孫。 桓赧、散達之亂，昭肅皇后父母兄弟皆在敵境，斛魯短以計迎還之。 石家奴自幼時撫養于太祖家，及長，太祖以女妻之。 年十五，從攻甯江州，敗遼主親軍，攻臨潢府皆有功，襲謀克。。 其後，自山西護齊國王謀良虎之喪歸上京，道由興中。 是時，方攻興中未下，石家奴置柩于驛，率其所領猛安兵助王師，遂破其城。
Shi Jianu belonged to the Pucha tribe and his family had long lived on the Anchuhu River. His grandfather Huluoduan was Emperor Shizu's grandson by a daughter. During the rebellions of Huang'an and Sanda, Empress Zhaosu's parents and brothers were all trapped behind enemy lines; Huluoduan contrived to bring them safely home. Shi Jianu was raised from childhood in Taizu's household, and when he came of age Taizu gave him a princess in marriage. At fifteen he took part in the assault on Ningjiang, routed the Liao emperor's personal guard, distinguished himself at Linhuang, and inherited his father's mouke command. Later, while escorting the funeral of Prince Qi Moulianghu from Shanxi back to the Upper Capital, he traveled by way of Xingzhong. Xingzhong was still under siege; Shi Jianu left the bier at the relay station, led his meng'an troops to reinforce the imperial forces, and helped capture the city.
5
從宗望討張覺。 再從宗翰伐宋。 宗翰聞宗望軍已圍汴，遣石家奴計事，抵平定軍遇敵兵數萬，敗之，遂見宗望。 已還報，宗翰聞其平定之戰，甚嘉之。 明年，復伐宋，石家奴隸婁室軍。 婁室討陝西未下，石家奴領所部兵援之。 既而，以本部屯戍西京，會契丹大石出奔，以余睹為元帥，石家奴為副，襲諸部族以還。 未幾，有疾，退居鄉里。
He followed Zongwang against Zhang Jue. He again followed Zonghan in the war against Song. When Zonghan learned that Zongwang had already invested Bian, he sent Shi Jianu to coordinate plans; at Pingding Army Shi Jianu met an enemy force of tens of thousands, routed it, and then joined Zongwang. On his return with the report, Zonghan heard of the victory at Pingding and praised him highly. The following year, in the renewed campaign against Song, he served under Loushi. Loushi's operations in Shaanxi had stalled; Shi Jianu led his own troops to reinforce him. He was then stationed with his command at the Western Capital; when the Khitan prince Dashi fled west, Yudu was appointed commander-in-chief with Shi Jianu as his deputy, and they raided the tribal groups before returning. Before long he fell ill and retired to his native place.
6
天眷間，授侍中、駙馬都尉。 再以都統定邊部，熙宗賜御書嘉獎之。 封蘭陵郡王。 除東京留守，以病致仕。 卒，年六十三，加贈鄖王。 正隆奪王爵，封魯國公。
In the Tianjuan period he was made palace attendant and commandant of the imperial sons-in-law. He again served as frontier commander-in-chief, and Emperor Xizong rewarded him with an imperial letter of commendation. He was enfeoffed as Prince of Lanling. He was appointed military governor of the Eastern Capital but retired because of illness. He died at sixty-three and was posthumously ennobled as Prince of Yun. In the Zhenglong reign his princely title was stripped and he was posthumously made Duke of Lu.
7
裴滿達
Pei Manda
8
忽睹，天眷三年權猛安，皇統元年為行軍猛安。 曆橫海、崇義軍節度使，以後戚怙勢贓汙不法。 其在橫海，拜富人為父，及死，為之行服而分其資。 在崇義，諷寺僧設齋而受其施。 及留守中京，益驕恣，苟可以得財無不為者。 選諸猛安富人子弟為紮野，規取財物，時號「閑郎君」。 朝廷以忽睹與徒單恭等汙濫至甚，命秉德黜陟天下官吏，忽睹以贓罷。 海陵以忽睹所至縱家奴擾民，乃定禁外官任所閒雜人條約。 天德三年，復起為鄭州防禦使，改安國軍節度使。 卒，年三十九。
Hu Du served as acting meng'an in the third year of Tianjuan and as campaigning meng'an in the first year of Huangtong. He served in turn as military governor of Henghai and Chongyi; as an imperial in-law he abused his power, taking bribes and flouting the law. At Henghai he ceremonially adopted a wealthy man as his father; when the man died he donned mourning garb and seized a share of the estate. At Chongyi he induced temple monks to hold banquets and pocketed their donations. As defender of the Central Capital he grew still more arrogant and would stoop to any scheme that brought him profit. He recruited sons of wealthy meng'an families as personal attendants to extort wealth and was nicknamed the "Idle Young Lord." Because Hu Du, Tudan Gong, and others had grown so corrupt, the court ordered Bingde to review officials empire-wide; Hu Du was removed for bribery. Hailing, noting that Hu Du's household slaves had harassed the populace wherever he served, promulgated rules restricting retainers and idlers in the jurisdictions of provincial officials. In the third year of Tiande he was reappointed defender-in-chief of Zhengzhou and later made military governor of Anguo. He died at thirty-nine.
9
徒單恭
Tudan Gong
10
徒單恭，本名斜也。 天眷二年，為奉國上將軍。 以告吳十反事，超授龍虎衛上將軍。 為戶部侍郎，出為濟南尹，遷會甯牧，封譚國公。 復出為太原尹。 斜也貪鄙，使工繪一佛像，自稱嘗見佛，其像如此，當以金鑄之。 遂賦屬縣金，而未嘗鑄佛，盡入其家，百姓號為「金總管」。 秉德廉訪官吏，斜也以贓免。
Tudan Gong, whose original name was Xieye. In the second year of Tianjuan he was appointed general-in-chief who supports the state. For exposing Wu Shi's plot to rebel he was specially promoted to general-in-chief of the Dragon-Tiger Guard. He served as vice minister of revenue, was sent out as prefect of Jinan, then transferred to herdsman of Huining and enfeoffed as Duke of Tan. He was again posted as prefect of Taiyuan. Xieye was grasping and mean; he had craftsmen paint a Buddha image, claiming he had seen the Buddha and that it should be cast in gold. He levied gold from the counties under him but never cast the image; the gold went entirely into his own coffers, and the people dubbed him the "Gold Commander." When Bingde inspected officials for corruption, Xieye was dismissed for bribery.
11
海陵篡立，海陵後徒單氏，斜也女，由是復用為會甯牧，封王。 未幾，拜平章政事，海陵獵于胡剌渾水，斜也編列圍場，凡平日不相能者輒杖之。 海陵謂宰相曰：「斜也為相，朕非私之。 今聞軍國大事凡斜也所言，卿等一無取，豈千慮無一得乎？」 他宰相無以對，溫都思忠舉數事對曰：「某事本當如此，斜也輒以為如彼，皆妄生異議，不達事宜。 臣逮事康宗，累朝宰相未嘗有如斜也專恣者。」 海陵默然。 斜也於都堂脊杖令史馮仲尹，御史臺劾之，海陵杖之二十。 斜也猛安部人撒合出者，言斜也強率取部人財物。 海陵命侍御史保魯鞫之。 保魯鞫不以實，海陵杖保魯，而以撒合出為符寶祗候，改隸合紮猛安。
After Hailing seized the throne, his empress was Xieye's daughter of the Tudan clan; Xieye was therefore restored as herdsman of Huining and enfeoffed as a prince. Soon he was made chief councilor; when Hailing hunted on the Hulahun River, Xieye laid out the beat and had anyone he disliked beaten with the staff. Hailing told the chief ministers, "I appointed Xieye as councilor without favoritism. Yet I hear that on every matter of state you reject whatever he proposes — can he truly never be right?" The other ministers were silent; Wendusi Zhong answered with several examples: "On this matter the right course was clear, yet Xieye insisted on the opposite — empty objections every time, with no grasp of policy. I have served since Emperor Kangzong's day, and through successive reigns I have never seen a chief minister as overbearing as Xieye." Hailing said nothing. Xieye beat the chief council clerk Feng Zhongyin with a staff in the hall; the censorate impeached him, and Hailing had Xieye beaten twenty strokes. Sahechu, a man of Xieye's meng'an division, accused him of forcibly seizing the property of his tribesmen. Hailing ordered the attendant censor Baolu to investigate. Baolu failed to establish the facts; Hailing had Baolu beaten and appointed Sahechu attendant of the imperial seals, transferring him to the Hezha meng'an.
12
斜也兄定哥尚太祖長女兀魯，定哥死無子，以季弟之子查剌為後。 斜也謀取其兄家財，強納兀魯為室而不相能，兀魯嘗怨詈斜也。 斜也妾忽撻與兀魯不葉，乃譖兀魯於海陵後徒單氏曰：「兀魯怨上殺其兄宗敏，有怨望語。」 會韓王亨改廣甯尹，諸公主宗婦往賀其母，兀魯以言慰亨母，忽撻亦以怨望指斥誣兀魯。 海陵使蕭裕鞫之，忽撻得幸于徒單後，左驗皆不敢言，遂殺兀魯，斜也因而盡奪查剌家財。 大定間皆追正之。 海陵以兀魯有怨望語，斜也不奏，遂杖斜也，免所居官。 俄，復為司徒，進拜太保，領三省事，兼勸農使。 再進太師，封梁晉國王。
Xieye's elder brother Dingge had married Taizu's eldest daughter Wulu; when Dingge died childless, the youngest brother's son Zhacha was adopted as heir. Xieye schemed to seize his brother's estate, forced Wulu to marry him though they loathed each other, and Wulu often cursed him in anger. Xieye's concubine Hut'a hated Wulu and slandered her to Empress Tudan, saying, "Wulu blames the emperor for killing her brother Zongmin and has spoken resentfully of the throne." When Prince Han Xiang was reassigned as prefect of Guangning, the princesses and imperial daughters-in-law went to congratulate his mother; Wulu offered words of comfort to the prince's mother, and Hut'a again accused her of disloyal speech. Hailing had Xiao Yu investigate; because Hut'a was favored by the empress, witnesses dared not testify; Wulu was executed, and Xieye seized all of Zhacha's inheritance. Under Emperor Shizong's Dading reign all these wrongs were posthumously redressed. Because Wulu had spoken resentfully and Xieye had failed to report it, Hailing had Xieye beaten and dismissed from office. Soon he was restored as minister of education, promoted to grand mentor, placed over the Three Departments, and made agricultural commissioner as well. He was further promoted to grand preceptor and enfeoffed as Prince of Liang and Jin.
13
其妻先斜也卒，海陵嘗至其葬所致祭，起復其子率府率吾裏補為諫議大夫。 大定間，海陵降為庶人，徒單氏為庶人妻，斜也降特進鞏國公。
His wife predeceased him; Hailing once attended her burial to offer sacrifice, and recalled his son Wulibu from mourning to serve as remonstrating grand master. In the Dading period Hailing was posthumously reduced to commoner rank, his empress of the Tudan clan to a commoner's wife, and Xieye to specially advanced Duke of Gong.
14
烏古論蒲魯虎
Wugulun Puluhu
15
烏古論蒲魯虎，父當海，國初有功。 蒲魯虎通契丹大小字，娶宋王宗望女昭甯公主什古。 熙宗初，為護衛，改牌印，常侍左右。 轉通進。 襲父謀克，再遷臨海軍節度使，改衛州防禦使。 海陵賜食內殿，謂之曰：「衛州風土甚佳，勿以防禦為降也。」 對曰：「頗聞衛州官署不利守者。」 即日改汾陽軍節度使，賜衣服、佩玉、帶劍。 入為太子詹事，卒，年四十一。 海陵親臨哭之，后妃皆弔祭，賻贈甚厚。 有司給喪事，贈特進駙馬都尉。 正隆例贈光祿大夫。
Wugulun Puluhu was the son of Danghai, who had earned distinction in the founding of the dynasty. Puluhu mastered both Khitan scripts and married Princess Zhaoning Shigu, daughter of Prince Song Zongwang. Early in Xizong's reign he served in the imperial guard, then as keeper of the seals, always attending the emperor. He was promoted to senior attendant. He inherited his father's mouke command, served twice as military governor of Linhai, and was then appointed defender-in-chief of Weizhou. Hailing entertained him in the inner palace and said, "Weizhou is a fine posting — do not treat the defender's rank as a demotion." He replied, "I have heard that the yamen at Weizhou is unlucky for its occupants." That same day he was made military governor of Fenyang and granted robes, girdle jade, and a sword. He was recalled to serve as tutor of the heir apparent and died at forty-one. Hailing came in person to mourn him; the empresses and consorts all sent condolences; the funeral gifts were lavish. The authorities arranged the funeral and posthumously granted him the title of specially advanced commandant of the imperial sons-in-law. Under Zhenglong he was posthumously granted the title of grand master of splendid happiness by precedent.
16
唐括德溫
Tangkuo Dewen
17
唐括德溫，本名阿里，上京率河人也。 曾祖石古，從太祖平臘醅麻產，領謀克。 祖脫孛魯，領其父謀克，從太祖伐遼，攻甯江、泰州戰有功。 父撻懶，尚康宗女，從宋王宗望以軍二萬收平州，至城東十里許遇敵兵甚眾，戰敗之，太祖賞賚甚厚，授行軍猛安。 皇統初，遷龍虎衛上將軍，歷興平、臨海等軍節度使。
Tangkuo Dewen, whose original name was Ali, was from Shuaihe in the Upper Capital. His great-grandfather Shigu followed Taizu in pacifying Lapai Machan and held a mouke command. His grandfather Tuoboluo inherited the family mouke, followed Taizu against Liao, and distinguished himself at Ningjiang and Taizhou. His father Talan married a daughter of Emperor Kangzong; with twenty thousand men under Prince Song Zongwang he recovered Pingzhou, and some ten li east of the city routed a large enemy force; Taizu rewarded him handsomely and appointed him campaigning meng'an. Early in the Huangtong reign he was made general-in-chief of the Dragon-Tiger Guard and served in turn as military governor of Xingping, Linhai, and other circuits.
18
十八年，追錄其父撻懶並德溫前後功，授其長子駙馬都尉鼎世襲西北路沒裏山猛安，徙隸泰州。
In the eighteenth year the court posthumously recorded the services of his father Talan and of Dewen himself; his eldest son, Commandant Ding, inherited the Meilishan meng'an on the Northwestern Route and was reassigned under Taizhou.
19
烏古論粘沒曷
Wugulun Zhanmeihe
20
蒲察阿虎迭
Pucha Ahudie
21
烏林答暉
Wulinda Hui
22
蒲察鼎壽
Pucha Dingshou
23
蒲察鼎壽，本名和尚，上京曷速河人，欽懷皇后父也。 賦性沉厚有明鑒，通契丹、漢字，長於吏事。 尚熙宗女鄭國公主。 貞元三年，以海陵女弟慶宜公主子加定遠大將軍，為尚衣局使，累官器物局使。 大定二年，加駙馬都尉，職如故。 曆符寶郎、蠡州刺史、浚州防禦使，有惠政，兩州百姓刻石紀之。 遷泰甯軍節度使，歷東平府、橫海軍，入為右宣徽使，改左宣徽，授中都路昏得渾山猛安曷速木單世襲謀克。 改河間尹。 號令必行，豪右屏跡。 有宗室居河間，侵削居民，鼎壽奏徙其族于平州，郡內大治。 卒官。 上聞之深加悼惜。 喪至香山，皇太子往奠，百官致祭，賻銀彩絹。 明昌三年，以皇后父贈太尉、越國公。
Pucha Dingshou, whose original name was Heshang, was from Hesuhu in the Upper Capital and was the father of Empress Qinhuai. He was by nature steady and discerning, fluent in Khitan and Chinese script, and highly capable in administration. He married Princess Zheng, a daughter of Emperor Xizong. In the third year of Zhenyuan, as a son of Princess Qingyi, Hailing's younger sister, he was promoted to general who establishes the distance and appointed director of the Bureau of Imperial Robes, eventually rising to director of the Bureau of Implements. In the second year of Dading he was also made commandant of the imperial sons-in-law while retaining his existing posts. He served in turn as attendant of the imperial seals, prefect of Li, and defender-in-chief of Xun; his benevolent rule was commemorated in stone by the people of both prefectures. He became military governor of Taining, served at Dongping and Henghai, entered the capital as right then left commissioner of the palace secretariat, and received the hereditary mouke of the Hesumu dan at Hundeshan on the Central Capital Route. He was appointed prefect of Hejian. His orders were enforced without fail, and local magnates vanished from public view. An imperial clansman in Hejian had been encroaching on the populace; Dingshou petitioned to relocate the clan to Pingzhou, and the prefecture was brought thoroughly to order. He died in office. The emperor, on hearing the news, mourned him deeply. When the funeral procession reached Xiangshan, the crown prince came to offer sacrifice, officials sent condolences, and lavish gifts of silver and silk were granted. In the third year of Mingchang he was posthumously ennobled as grand marshal and Duke of Yue in recognition of his status as the empress's father.
24
鼎壽既世連姻戚，女為皇后，長子辭不失凡三尚定國、景國、道國公主。 其寵遇如此，未嘗以富貴驕人，當時以為外戚之冠云。
The Dingshou family had long been tied to the throne by marriage; his daughter became empress, and his eldest son Cibushi married in succession the princesses of Ding, Jing, and Dao. Such was the favor shown his house, yet he never lorded his wealth and rank over others; contemporaries hailed him as the model among imperial in-laws.
25
徒單思忠
Tudan Sizhong
26
徒單思忠，字良弼，本名甯慶。 曾祖賽補，尚景祖女。 從太祖伐遼，戰歿於臨潢之渾河。 父賽一，尚熙宗妹。 正隆末，為颭碗群牧使，契丹賊窩斡擾北邊，賽一與戰死之。 大定初，贈金吾衛上將軍。
Tudan Sizhong, courtesy name Liangbi, whose original name was Ningqing. His great-grandfather Saibu married a daughter of Emperor Jingzu. He followed Taizu against Liao and fell in battle on the Hun River at Linhuang. His father Saiyi married a younger sister of Emperor Xizong. Late in the Zhenglong reign he was commissioner of the Zhanwan horse herds; when the Khitan rebel Wowo raided the northern frontier, Saiyi died in battle against him. Early in the Dading reign he was posthumously made general-in-chief of the Golden Crow Guard.
27
十九年，上追念思忠輔立功，贈驃騎衛上將軍，乃授其子鐸武功將軍、世襲中都路烏獨渾謀克。
In the nineteenth year the emperor, remembering Sizhong's service to the heir apparent, posthumously made him general-in-chief of the Flying Cavalry Guard and appointed his son Duo military merit general with the hereditary Wuduhun mouke on the Central Capital Route.
28
徒單繹
Tudan Yi
29
徒單繹，本名術輩，其先上京按出虎達阿人。 祖撒合懣，國初有功，授隆安府路合紮謀克、奪古阿鄰猛安。 繹美姿儀，通諸國語。 尚熙宗第七女沈國公主。 充符寶祗候，遷御院通進，授符寶郎。 曆宣德、泰安、淄州刺史，有廉名。 改同知廣寧府事，以母鄂國公主憂，不赴。 世宗特許以憂制中襲父封。 服闕，授同知濟南府事。 二十六年，遷棣州防禦使，以政跡聞，升臨海軍節度使，卒。
Tudan Yi, whose original name was Shuben, came from Anchuhu Da'a in the Upper Capital. His grandfather Sahemen earned distinction at the founding of the dynasty and was granted hezha mouke on the Long'an route and the Duogu'alian meng'an. Yi was handsome in bearing and fluent in several languages. He married Princess Shen, the seventh daughter of Emperor Xizong. He served as attendant of the imperial seals, was promoted to senior attendant of the imperial household, and appointed attendant of the seals. He served in turn as prefect of Xuande, Tai'an, and Zi and earned a reputation for integrity. He was appointed associate administrator of Guangning but did not take up the post while mourning his mother, Princess E. Emperor Shizong specially allowed him to inherit his father's title while still in mourning. When his mourning ended he was appointed associate administrator of Jinan. In the twenty-sixth year he became defender-in-chief of Di; his record in office won notice, he was promoted to military governor of Linhai, and died.
30
繹家世貴寵，自會祖照至繹尚公主者凡四世云。
Yi's family had been favored for generations: from his great-grandfather Zhao down to Yi himself, four generations in succession had married imperial princesses.
31
烏林答復
Wulinda Fu
32
烏林答復，本名阿裏剌，東平人也。 奉御出身，大定七年尚世宗第七女宛國公主，授駙馬都尉。 改引進使、兼符寶郎，出為蠡州刺史，三遷歸德軍節度使。 明昌三年，轉知興中府事，久之，為曷懶路兵馬都總管。 承安四年，拜絳陽軍節度使。 卒。
Wulinda Fu, whose original name was Alila, was from Dongping. He began as an imperial attendant; in the seventh year of Dading he married Princess Wan, the seventh daughter of Emperor Shizong, and was made commandant of the imperial sons-in-law. He was made commissioner of introductions and concurrent attendant of the seals, served as prefect of Li, and after three promotions became military governor of Guide. In the third year of Mingchang he was made administrator of Xingzhong; later he became overall commander of troops on the Yilan Route. In the fourth year of Cheng'an he was appointed military governor of Jiangyang. He died.
33
烏古論元忠
Wugulun Yuanzhong
34
會大興府守臣闕，遂以元忠知府事。 有僧犯法，吏甫得置獄，皇姑梁國大長公主屬使釋之，元忠不聽，主奏其事，世宗召謂曰：「卿不徇情，甚可嘉也，治京如此，朕復何憂。」 秩滿，授吏部尚書。 以其子誼尚顯宗長女薛國公主。 十八年，擢御史大夫，授撒巴山世襲謀克。 世宗問左丞相紇石烈良弼孰可相者，良弼以元忠對，乃拜平章政事，封任國公，進尚書右丞相。 策論進士之科設，元忠贊成之。 世宗將幸會寧，元忠進諫不聽，出知真定府，尋復詔為右丞相。
When the post of prefect of Daxing fell vacant, Yuanzhong was appointed to administer the prefecture. When a monk broke the law and officials had just imprisoned him, the Grand Princess of Liang ordered his release; Yuanzhong refused. After she reported the matter, Shizong summoned him and said, "You did not bend to favoritism — that is admirable. If the capital is governed this way, what have I to fear?" When his term ended he was appointed minister of personnel. His son Yi had married Princess Xue, the eldest daughter of Emperor Xianzong. In the eighteenth year he was promoted to censor-in-chief and granted the hereditary Sabashan mouke. When Shizong asked the left chief minister Hesheli Liangbi who could serve as chief councilor, Liangbi named Yuanzhong; Yuanzhong was appointed chief councilor, enfeoffed as Duke of Ren, and promoted to right chief minister. When the policy-discourse doctorate examination was instituted, Yuanzhong supported the reform. When Shizong planned to visit Huining, Yuanzhong remonstrated in vain; he was sent to administer Zhending but was soon recalled as right chief minister.
35
世宗欲甓上京城，元忠曰：「此邦遭正隆軍興，百姓凋弊，陛下休養二十餘年，尚未完復。 況土性疏惡，甓之恐難經久，風雨摧壞，歲歲繕完，民將益因矣。」 駕東幸久之未還，元忠奏曰：「鸞輿駐此已閱歲，倉儲日少，市買漸貴，禁衛暨諸局署多逃者，有司捕置諸法恐傷陛下仁愛。」 世宗嘉納之。
When Shizong wished to brick the walls of the Upper Capital, Yuanzhong said, "This region was ravaged by the wars of the Zhenglong reign; the people are still exhausted. Your Majesty has given them more than twenty years to recover, and they are not yet restored. Moreover the soil is poor and unstable; brickwork may not endure, and wind and rain will ruin it, forcing yearly repairs that will only burden the people further." The emperor's eastern tour lingered for more than a year without return; Yuanzhong memorialized, "Your Majesty has been away for over a year; stores are dwindling and prices rising; many guards and bureau staff have deserted; if officials arrest them by the full rigor of the law, I fear it will wound Your Majesty's reputation for mercy." Shizong praised the advice and accepted it.
36
尋出為北京留守，責諭之曰：「汝強悍自用，顓權而結近密。 汝心叵測，其速之官。」 後左丞張汝弼奏事，世宗惡其阿順，謂左右曰：「卿等每事依違苟避，不肯盡言，高爵厚祿何以勝任。 如烏古論元忠為相，剛直敢言，義不顧身，誠可尚也。」 於是，改知真定府事，移知河間。 明昌二年，知廣寧府。 以河間修築球場擾民，會赦下，除順義軍節度使。 乞致仕不許，特加開府儀同三司、北京留守。 徙知濟南府，過闕，令預宴，班平章政事之上。 承安二年，移守南京，尋改知彰德府，卒。 訃聞，上遣宣徽使白琬燒飯，賻物甚厚。 元忠素貴，性粗豪而內深忌，世宗嘗責之。 又所至不能戢奴僕，世以此為訾云。 子誼。
Soon he was sent out as defender of the Northern Capital; Shizong rebuked him, saying, "You are overbearing and willful, monopolize power, and cultivate a private circle. Your intentions are impossible to read — go to your post at once." Later the left vice minister Zhang Rubi presented a memorial; Shizong disliked his flattery and told his attendants, "You hedge on every issue and will not speak plainly — how can men of high rank and rich salary be fit for office? A man like Wugulun Yuanzhong as chief councilor — upright, outspoken, and ready to risk himself for principle — is truly admirable." He was then reassigned to administer Zhending and later Hejian. In the second year of Mingchang he administered Guangning. Because building a ball court at Hejian had harassed the populace, he was pardoned when an amnesty was proclaimed and appointed military governor of Shunyi. His request to retire was denied; he was specially granted grand master with golden seal and purple trappings and reappointed defender of the Northern Capital. He was transferred to Jinan; on passing the capital he was invited to a banquet and seated above the chief councilors. In the second year of Cheng'an he was transferred to the Southern Capital; soon after he was made administrator of Zhangde and died. On news of his death the emperor sent Commissioner Bai Wan to offer funeral rites, with lavish gifts. Yuanzhong had long been eminent; outwardly rough and bold, inwardly deeply jealous — Shizong had once rebuked him for it. He also failed to control his household slaves wherever he served, for which contemporaries criticized him. His son Yi
37
誼本名雄名。 大定八年，尚海陵女。 宴宗室及六品以上官，命婦預焉，上曰：「此女亦太祖之曾孫，猶朕之女，乃父廢亡，非其女之罪也。」 海陵女卒，大定二十一年，尚顯宗女廣平郡主。 誼歷仕宮衛，為人粗豪類其父。 二十六年，上謂原王曰：「元忠勿望其可復相也。 雄名又不及乃父，朕嘗宥待，殊不知恩，汝宜知其為人。」 謂平章政事襄曰：「雄名可令補外。 自今宮掖官已有旨補外者，比及廷授，即毋令入宮。」 於是，誼除同知澄州軍州事。 章宗即位，廣平郡主進封鄴國長公主，誼改順天軍節度副使，加駙馬都尉。 承安元年，累遷秘書監兼吏部侍郎，改刑部，遷工部尚書。 泰和元年，遇父元忠憂。 二年，以本官起復。 三年，知東平府事，改知真定府事。 六年，伐宋，遷元帥左都監。 七年，轉左監軍。 八年，拜御史大夫。 大安中，知大名府。 至甯初，以謀逆伏誅。
Yi, whose original name was Xiongming. In the eighth year of Dading he married a daughter of Hailing. At a banquet for the imperial clan and officials of the sixth rank and above, consorts were invited as well; the emperor said, "She too is Taizu's great-granddaughter, no different from my own daughter; her father was deposed and destroyed — that is not her fault." After Hailing's daughter died, in the twenty-first year of Dading he married the Princess of Guangping, a daughter of Emperor Xianzong. Yi served in the palace guard and was rough and overbearing like his father. In the twenty-sixth year the emperor told Prince Yuan, "Do not expect Yuanzhong to become chief councilor again. Xiongming is even less capable than his father; I once showed him leniency, yet he showed no gratitude — you should know what manner of man he is." He told Chief Councilor Xiang, "Xiongming should be sent to a provincial post. From now on, whenever a palace official has been ordered to a provincial post, he must not enter the palace again once the court appointment is issued." Yi was then appointed associate administrator of Chen Prefecture. When Zhangzong ascended the throne, the Princess of Guangping was promoted to Grand Princess of Ye; Yi became deputy military governor of Shuntian and was again made commandant of the imperial sons-in-law. In the first year of Cheng'an he rose through posts as director of the Secretariat and concurrent vice minister of personnel, then minister of punishments, and finally minister of works. In the first year of Taihe he entered mourning for his father Yuanzhong. In the second year he was recalled from mourning to his former post. In the third year he administered Dongping, then Zhending. In the sixth year, during the campaign against Song, he was made left overseer of the commander-in-chief. In the seventh year he became left army overseer. In the eighth year he was appointed censor-in-chief. During the Da'an reign he administered Daming. At the beginning of the Zhining reign he was executed for treason.
38
唐括貢
Tangkuo Gong
39
唐括貢，本名達哥，太傅阿裏之子也。 尚世宗第四女吳國公主，授駙馬都尉，充奉御。 特授拱衛直副都指揮使，五遷刑部侍郎，坐擅離職削官一階，出為德州防禦使。 升順天軍節度使，移鎮橫海。 召為左宣徽使，遷兵部尚書，改吏部，轉禮部尚書、兼大理卿。 先是，大理卿闕，世宗命宰臣選可授者，左丞張汝弼舉西京副留守楊子益法律詳明。 上曰：「子益雖明法，而用心不正，豈可任之以分別天下是非也？ 大理須用公正人。」 左丞粘割斡特剌舉貢可任以閑簡部分而兼領是職，遂以貢為之。 二十八年，拜樞密副使。 章宗立，為御史大夫。 會貢生日，右丞相襄、參知政事劉瑋、吏部郎中肼、中都兵馬都指揮使和喜為貢壽，遂犯夜禁，和喜遣軍人送襄至第。 監察御史徒單德勝劾其事，下刑部逮肼等問狀。 上以襄、瑋大臣釋之，而貢等各解職。 尋知大興府事，復為樞密副使。 乞致仕不許，進樞密使，封莘國公，改封蕭。 復上表乞退，上曰：「向已嘗告，續知意欲外除，今之告將復若何。」 遂優詔許之。 尋起知真定府事。 泰和二年，薨。
Tangkuo Gong, whose original name was Dage, was the son of Grand Tutor Ali. He married Princess Wu, the fourth daughter of Emperor Shizong, was made commandant of the imperial sons-in-law, and served as imperial attendant. He was specially made deputy commander of the Archery Guard, rose five times to vice minister of punishments, was demoted one rank for unauthorized absence, and sent out as defender-in-chief of Dezhou. He was promoted to military governor of Shuntian and transferred to Henghai. He was recalled as left commissioner of the palace secretariat, served as minister of war and then personnel, and finally as minister of rites and concurrent chief judge of Dali. Earlier, when the chief judgeship of Dali fell vacant, Shizong ordered the chief ministers to nominate a candidate; Left Vice Minister Zhang Rubi recommended Yang Ziyi, deputy defender of the Western Capital, as expert in law. The emperor said, "Ziyi may know the law, but his heart is not upright — how can he be entrusted to judge right and wrong for the empire? Dali requires a man of integrity." Left Vice Minister Niancha Wotela recommended Gong as a man of leisure and sound judgment who could hold the post concurrently, and Gong was appointed. In the twenty-eighth year he was appointed vice commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs. When Zhangzong ascended the throne, he became censor-in-chief. On Gong's birthday the right chief minister Xiang, Participant in Governance Liu Wei, Director Bing of the personnel bureau, and Central Capital commander Hexi came to celebrate and violated the night curfew; Hexi sent soldiers to escort Xiang home. Supervising Censor Tudan Desheng impeached them; the Ministry of Punishments arrested Bing and the others for questioning. The emperor released the great ministers Xiang and Wei, while Gong and the others resigned their posts. He soon administered Daxing and was again appointed vice commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs. His request to retire was denied; he was promoted to commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, enfeoffed as Duke of Xin, and later as Duke of Xiao. He submitted another memorial asking to retire; the emperor said, "You already asked once, and I understood you wanted a provincial post — what do you mean by asking again?" A gracious edict then granted his request. He was soon recalled to administer Zhending. He died in the second year of Taihe.
40
烏林答琳
Wulinda Lin
41
烏林答琳，本名留住。 尚郜國公主，加駙馬都尉。 貞祐元年為靜難軍節度使。 夏人犯邠州，琳降。 會延安府遣通事張福孫至夏國，夏人使福孫見琳，時已中風，公主令人以狀付福孫，屬以懇禱朝廷，冀早太平得還鄉之意。 福孫具以聞，詔賜以藥物。
Wulinda Lin, whose original name was Liuzhu. He married Princess Gao and was made commandant of the imperial sons-in-law. In the first year of Zhenyou he was military governor of Jingnan. When the Tanguts attacked Binzhou, Lin surrendered. When Yan'an sent interpreter Zhang Fusun to Xia, the Tanguts had him visit Lin, who had already suffered a stroke; the princess gave Fusun a written plea begging the court to restore peace so they might return home. Fusun reported everything; the court ordered medicines sent to them.
42
徒單公弼
Tudan Gongbi
43
徒單公弼，本名習烈，河北東路算主海猛安人。 父府君奴，尚熙宗女，加駙馬都尉，終武定軍節度使。 公弼初充奉御，大定二十七年，尚世宗女息國公主，加定遠大將軍、駙馬都尉，改器物局直長。 轉副使、兼近侍局直長。 丁父憂，起復本局副使。 章宗秋山射中虎，虎怒突而前，侍衛皆避去，公弼不動，虎亦隨斃。 詔責侍衛而慰諭公弼。 除濱州刺史，再遷兵部侍郎，累除知大名府事。 是時，伐宋軍興，有司督逋租及牛頭稅甚急，公弼奏：「軍士從戎，民亦疲弊，可緩徵以紓民。」 朝廷從之。 大安初，知大興府事，讞武清盜，疑其有冤，已而果獲真盜。 歲餘拜參知政事，進右丞，轉左丞。 至甯初，拜平章政事，封定國公。 貞祐初，進拜右丞相，罷知中山府事。 是時，中都圍急不可行，圍解，宣宗曰：「中山新被兵，不如河中善。」 乃改知河中府。 曆定國軍節度使事、太孫太師、同判大睦親府事。 興定五年薨，宣宗輟朝，賻贈，諡恪願。
Tudan Gongbi, whose original name was Xilie, was from the Suanzhuhai meng'an on the Hebei East Route. His father Fujunnu married a daughter of Emperor Xizong, was made commandant of the imperial sons-in-law, and ended his career as military governor of Wuding. Gongbi began as an imperial attendant; in the twenty-seventh year of Dading he married Princess Xi, a daughter of Emperor Shizong, was made general who establishes the distance and commandant of the imperial sons-in-law, and appointed director of the Bureau of Implements. He became deputy director and concurrent director of the Bureau of Close Attendance. After entering mourning for his father he was recalled to his former post as deputy director. On an autumn hunt Zhangzong shot a tiger that charged in fury; the guards all fled, but Gongbi stood his ground until the tiger fell dead. An edict rebuked the guards and praised Gongbi for his steadiness. He was appointed prefect of Bin, twice promoted to vice minister of war, and repeatedly served as administrator of Daming. During the war against Song the authorities pressed hard for overdue rents and the ox-head tax; Gongbi memorialized, "The soldiers are at war and the people are exhausted — collections should be eased to relieve them." The court agreed. Early in the Da'an reign he administered Daxing; in a theft case at Wuqing he suspected a wrongful conviction, and the real thief was later caught. Within a year he was made participant in governance, then right vice minister, then left vice minister. At the beginning of Zhining he was made chief councilor and enfeoffed as Duke of Ding. Early in Zhenyou he was promoted to right chief minister and relieved of his post at Zhongshan. The Central Capital was then under siege and the journey impossible; when the siege lifted, Xuanzong said, "Zhongshan has just seen fighting — Hezhong would be safer." Accordingly he was reassigned to administer Hezhong. He served in turn as military governor of Dingguo, grand preceptor to the heir apparent, and associate judge of the Great Office of Imperial Kin. He died in the fifth year of Xingding; Xuanzong suspended court, granted lavish funeral gifts, and gave him the posthumous name Keyuan.
44
徒單銘
Tudan Ming
45
贊曰：天子娶后，王姬下嫁，豈不重哉。 秦、漢以來，無世世甥舅之家。 《關雎》之道缺，外戚驕盈，《何彼穠矣》不作，王姬肅雝之義幾希矣。 蓋古者異姓世爵公侯與天子為昏因，他姓不得參焉。 女為王后，己尚王姬，而自貴其貴，富厚不加焉，寵榮不與焉。 使漢、唐行此道，則無呂氏、王氏、武氏之難，公主下嫁各安其分、各得其所矣。 金之徒單、拿懶、唐括、蒲察、裴滿、紇石烈、僕散皆貴族也，天子娶後必於是，公主下嫁必於是，與周之齊、紀無異，此昏禮之最得宜者，盛于漢、唐矣。
The commentator says: When the Son of Heaven takes a queen and royal daughters marry downward, the matter is weighty indeed. Since Qin and Han there had been no clans that remained consort kin generation after generation. The ideal of the "Ospreys" was lost, consort kin grew arrogant, the "How Luxuriant" went unheeded, and the solemn propriety of royal daughters marrying downward nearly vanished. In antiquity only hereditary noble houses of distinct surnames married into the imperial line; no others could share that privilege. When a daughter became empress, the house had already married a princess; it rested on its existing dignity — no added wealth, rank, or favor. Had Han and Tang followed this practice, there would have been no catastrophes of the Lü, Wang, and Wu clans, and princesses would each have kept their proper place. The Tudan, Nalan, Tangkuo, Pucha, Peiman, Hesheli, and Pusan clans of Jin were all noble houses; emperors took empresses only from them and princesses married only into them — as in Zhou's Qi and Ji — the most proper marriage system, surpassing even Han and Tang.
46
徒單四喜
Tudan Sixi
47
徒單四喜，哀宗皇后之弟也。 天興二年正月辛酉夜，四喜、內侍馬福惠至自歸德，時河朔已失利，京城猶未知，二人被旨迎兩宮，遂託以報捷，執小黃旗以入，至則奏兩宮以奉迎之意。 是日，召二相入議，二相及烏古孫奴申諫不可行。 四喜作色曰：「我奉制旨迎兩宮，有敢言不行者，當以別敕從事矣。」 二相不復敢言，行議遂決。 制旨所取兩宮、柔妃裴滿氏及令人張秀蕊、都轄、承御、湯藥、皇乳母鞏國夫人等十餘人外，皆放遣之。 又取宮中寶物，馬蹄金四百杖、大珠如栗黃者七千杖、生金山一、龍腦板二及信瑞御璽，仍許賜忠孝軍以兩宮隨行物之半。
Tudan Sixi was the younger brother of Empress Tudan, consort of Emperor Aizong. On the xinyou night of the first month in the second year of Tianxing, Sixi and the inner attendant Ma Fuhui arrived from Guide; the Hebei region had already fallen, though the capital did not yet know; ordered to welcome the two palaces, they pretended to bring news of victory, entered with small yellow banners, and reported the plan to welcome the empresses. That day the two chief ministers were summoned; they and Wugusun Nushen urged that the plan must not proceed. Sixi flushed and said, "I carry an imperial order to welcome the two palaces — anyone who dares oppose it will be punished by special edict." The two chief ministers fell silent, and the departure was decided. By imperial order only the two palaces, Gentle Consort Peiman, Lady-in-Waiting Zhang Xiurui, the director of attendance, imperial attendants, medicine staff, the imperial wet nurse Lady of Gong, and a dozen others were taken; the rest were dismissed. They also seized palace treasures: four hundred bars of hoof-shaped gold, seven thousand large yellow pearls, one raw-gold mountain, two boards of borneol, and the imperial seals of trust and auspice, and allowed the Loyal and Filial Army half of the two palaces' traveling goods.
48
壬寅，太后御仁安殿，出錠金及七寶金洗分賜忠孝軍。 是夜，兩宮騎而出，至陳留，見城外二三處火起，疑有兵，遲回間，奴申初不欲行，即承太后旨馳還。 癸卯，入京頓四喜家，少頃，還宮。 復議以是夜再往，太后憊于鞍馬不能動，遂止。
On renyin the empress dowager sat in Ren'an Hall and distributed ingot gold and seven-jeweled basins to the Loyal and Filial Army. That night the two palaces rode out; at Chenliu they saw fires outside the walls and suspected an ambush; while they hesitated, Nushen, who had opposed the journey from the start, received the empress dowager's order and galloped back. On guimao they entered the capital and rested at Sixi's house, then soon returned to the palace. They debated setting out again that night, but the empress dowager was too exhausted from riding to continue, and the plan was abandoned.
49
明日，崔立變。 四喜、術甲塔失不及塔失不之父咬住、四喜妻完顏氏，以忠孝卒九十七騎奪曹門而出，將往歸德，不得出，轉陳州門，亦為門卒所止。 門帥裕州防禦使阿不罕斜合已遁去，經歷官完顏合住權帥職，麾門卒放塔失不等去，且曰：「罪在我，非汝等之過。」 明日，立以數十騎召合住，合住自分必死，易衣冠而往。 立左右扼腕欲加刃。 立遙見，問：「汝是放忠孝軍出門者耶？」 合住曰：「然。 天子使命，某實放之，罪在某。」 立忽若有所省，顧群卒言：「此官人我識之，前築裏城時與我同事。 我所部十餘卒盜官木罪當死，此官人不之問，但笞數十而已。 此家能殺人，能救人。」 因好謂合住曰：「業已放出，吾不汝罪也。」
The next day Cui Li rebelled. Sixi, Shujia Tashibuji, Tashibuji's father Yaozhu, and Sixi's Wanyan wife, with ninety-seven Loyal and Filial horsemen, forced the Cao Gate and tried to reach Guide but could not get out; at the Chenzhou Gate they were stopped as well. The gate commander, Defender-in-Chief Abuhan Xiehe of Yuzhou, had fled; Acting Commander Wanyan Hezhu ordered the guards to let Tashibuji and the others go, saying, "The blame is mine, not yours." The next day Li summoned Hezhu with several dozen horsemen; expecting death, Hezhu changed his clothes and went. Li's men gripped their swords, ready to strike. Li called from a distance, "Are you the man who let the Loyal and Filial Army out the gate?" Hezhu said, "I am. It was the emperor's order — I released them; the blame is mine." Li seemed to remember and told his men, "I know this official — we worked together when the inner wall was built. More than ten of my men stole official timber, a capital crime, but he only had them beaten a few dozen strokes. This man can kill and he can save." He then said kindly to Hezhu, "They are already gone — I will not punish you."
50
四喜等至歸德，上驚問「兩宮何如？」 二人奏「京城軍變，不及入宮。」 上曰：「汝父汝妻獨得出耶？」 下之獄，皆斬於市。
When Sixi and the others reached Guide, the emperor asked in alarm, "How are the two palaces?" They reported, "The capital mutinied — we could not reach the palace." The emperor said, "Only your father and your wife escaped?" They were imprisoned and beheaded in the marketplace.
51
贊曰：四喜奉迎兩宮，而值崔立之變，智者居此，與兩宮周旋兵間，以俟事變之定而徐圖之。 萬一不然，以一死徇之耳，他無策也。 四喜奉其私親以歸，而望人主貸其死，豈非愚乎！
The commentator says: Sixi was sent to welcome the two palaces but met Cui Li's mutiny; a wise man would have stayed with them amid the troops, waited for events to settle, and only then planned their escape. If that failed, he should have died with them — there was no other honorable course. Sixi saved his own kin and still hoped the emperor would spare him — was that not folly!