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樂志下
Treatise on Music, Part Two
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永嘉之亂，海內分崩，伶官樂器，皆沒于劉、石。 江左初立宗廟，尚書下太常祭祀所用樂名。 太常賀循答云：「魏氏增損漢樂，以為一代之禮，未審大晉樂名所以為異。 遭離喪亂，舊典不存。 然此諸樂皆和之以鐘律，文之以五聲，詠之於歌辭，陳之於舞列。 宮懸在庭，琴瑟在堂，八音迭奏，雅樂並作，登歌下管，各有常詠，周人之舊也。 自漢氏以來，依仿此禮，自造新詩而已。 舊京荒廢，今既散亡，音韻曲折，又無識者，則於今難以意言。」 于時以無雅樂器及伶人，省太樂並鼓吹令。 是後頗得登歌，食舉之樂，猶有未備。 太寧末，明帝又訪阮孚等增益之。 咸和中，成帝乃復置太樂官，鳩集遺逸，而尚未有金石也。 庾亮為荊州，與謝尚修復雅樂，未具而亮薨。 庾翼、桓溫專事軍旅，樂器在庫，遂至朽壞焉。 及慕容亻雋平冉閔，兵戈之際，而鄴下樂人亦頗有來者。 永和十一年，謝尚鎮壽陽，於是采拾樂人，以備太樂，並制石磬，雅樂始頗具。 面王猛平鄴，慕容氏所得樂聲又入關右。 太元中，破苻堅，又獲其樂工楊蜀等，閑習舊樂，於是四廂金石始備焉。 乃使曹毗、王珣等增造宗廟歌詩，然郊祀遂不設樂。 今列其詞於後雲。
When Yongjia-era chaos tore the empire apart, palace musicians and their instruments passed entirely into the hands of Liu Yuan's and Shi Le's regimes. After the court first set up its ancestral temples in the south, the Secretariat asked the Minister of Imperial Sacrifices what the ritual music was called. He Xun of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices answered: "Wei adapted Han ritual music for its own dynastic rites; I am not certain what distinguishes Great Jin's musical titles. War and exile destroyed the old precedents, and little of the canon survived. Yet each piece was tuned to bells and pitch-pipes, structured in the five musical modes, carried by sung texts, and embodied in choreographed dance. Half-moon chimes hung in the courtyard, qin and se on the dais, the eight instrument families alternating in concert—court music and ya ensemble together, antiphonal song above and wind below—each with its prescribed lyrics: the Zhou legacy. Since Han times, courts have kept to that framework while supplying fresh lyrics. Luoyang lies in ruins, and with musicians and scores gone, no one today can recover the actual pitches and turns of phrase—it is almost impossible to reconstruct them from guesswork." At the time, lacking proper instruments and performers, the court cut the Grand Music Bureau and the office that supervised wind and drums. Later they recovered something of the ascending hymn and banquet music, but the restoration was still patchy. Late in the Taining era, Emperor Ming once more sent for Ruan Fu and others to expand the repertoire. Under Xianhe, Emperor Cheng re-established the Grand Music directorate and collected scattered pieces, but still had no metal or stone percussion. While Yu Liang governed Jingzhou he joined Xie Shang in rebuilding ya music, but died before the work was done. Yu Yi and Huan Wen focused on war; instruments mouldered in storehouses. When Murong Jun overthrew Ran Min, a fair number of Ye musicians drifted south despite the fighting. In Yonghe 11, with Xie Shang holding Shouyang, he rounded up performers for the Grand Music and commissioned stone chimes—ya music at last began to look like a real orchestra. When Wang Meng conquered Ye, the musical heritage the Murong had collected followed the armies into the Guanzhong heartland. In the Taiyuan years, victory over Fu Jian yielded professionals such as Yang Shu who knew the classical repertoire, and for the first time the four-sided layout of bells and chimes was complete. The court then commissioned Cao Pi, Wang Xun, and others to draft new temple hymns, though suburban offerings still had no music. The lyrics are set out below.
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歌宣帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Xuan — Cao Pi
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于赫高祖，德協靈符。 應運撥亂，厘整天衢。 勳格宇宙，化動八區。 肅以典刑，陶以玄珠。 神石吐瑞，靈芝自敷。 肇基天命，道均唐虞。
Radiant High Ancestor, whose virtue answered heaven's token. He seized the mandate, crushed rebellion, and cleared the imperial roads. His achievement fills heaven and earth; his transforming power stirs every quarter. He framed them with canonical law; he shaped them with the pearl of mystery. Marvel-stones spat omens; lingzhi sprouted unbidden. He laid heaven's foundation; his Way stands beside Tang and Yu.
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歌景帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Jing — Cao Pi
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景皇承運，纂隆洪緒。 皇羅重抗，天暉再舉。 蠢矣二寇，擾我揚楚。 乃整元戎，以膏齊斧。 亹亹神算，赫赫王旅。 鯨鯢既平，功冠帝宇。
The Brilliant Emperor took up the line and magnified the great enterprise. The royal net flew again; celestial radiance returned. Those two marauders threw Yang and Chu into turmoil. He drew up the grand army and whetted the executioner's axe. Divine plans without cease; royal hosts in splendor. When the leviathans were destroyed, his merit crowned the throne.
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歌文帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Wen — Cao Pi
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太祖齊聖，王猷誕融。 仁教四塞，天基累崇。 皇室多難，嚴清紫宮。 威厲秋霜，惠過春風。 平蜀夷楚，以文以戎。 奄有參墟，聲流無窮。
The Grand Progenitor, all-perfect sage—his royal pattern flows wide and deep. Humanizing teaching filled the four quarters; heaven's base mounted ever higher. The house endured repeated crises; he cleansed the Purple Palace. His awe is autumn frost; his kindness exceeds spring wind. He stilled Shu and broke Chu—by culture and by arms. He held the heartland east of Shen; his fame knows no end.
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歌武帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Wu — Cao Pi
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于穆武皇，允龔欽明。 應期登禪，龍飛紫庭。 百揆時序，聽斷以情。 殊域既賓，偽吳亦平。 晨流甘露，宵映朗星。 野有擊壤，路垂頌聲。
Oh, august Martial Sovereign—supremely reverent, supremely bright. When the hour came he mounted the abdicated throne; the dragon soared within the purple precincts. The hundred duties ran in season; in deciding cases he heeded human hearts. Distant lands tendered allegiance; counterfeit Wu was likewise pacified. Morning brought sweet dew; night skies gleamed with steady stars. In the fields folk struck the earth-ball game; along every road songs of praise.
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歌元帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Yuan — Cao Pi
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運屯百六，天羅解貫。 元皇勃興，網籠江漢。 仰齊七政，俯平禍亂。 化若風行，澤猶雨散。 淪光更曜，金輝復煥。 德冠千載，蔚有餘粲。
When fate reached the ill cycle of one hundred six, heaven's net loosened and snapped. The Original Emperor rose with force and spread his rule across the Jiang and Han. Above he aligned the seven celestial powers; below he stilled disaster and rebellion. His transforming influence swept like wind; his bounty fell like rain. Hidden brilliance flared anew; golden glory burned bright again. Virtue towers over a thousand ages; glorious surplus still abounds.
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歌明帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Ming — Cao Pi
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明明肅祖，闡弘帝祚。 英風夙發，清暉載路。 奸逆縱忒，罔式皇度。 躬振硃旗，遂豁天步。 宏猷允塞，高羅雲布。 品物咸甯，洪基永固。
Bright indeed the Revered Ancestor—he widened the imperial inheritance. Heroic spirit stirred at dawn; pure splendor lit the road. The traitors ran riot, scorning the royal measure. He personally raised the scarlet standard and opened heaven's road. Great plans filled the realm; lofty nets spread like clouds. All creation rested secure; the great foundation stood unshakable.
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歌成帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Cheng — Cao Pi
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于休顯宗，道澤玄播。 式宣德音，暢物以和。 邁德蹈仁，匪禮不過。 敷以純風，濯以清波。 連理映阜，鳴鳳棲柯。 同規放勳，義蓋山河。
Oh, splendid Manifest Ancestor—his virtue and grace spread silently far. He sounded the moral tones of governance and tuned the myriad things to harmony. He trod the path of kindness and humaneness and never broke ritual bounds. With pristine influence he rinsed them; with limpid waves he bathed them. Twin trunks crowned the mound; phoenixes sang in the branches. He rivaled the model of Fangxun; righteousness mantled mountains and streams.
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歌康帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Kang — Cao Pi
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康皇穆穆，仰嗣洪德。 為而不宰，雅音四塞。 閑邪以誠，鎮物以默。 威靜區宇，道宣邦國。
August Emperor Kang, heir to boundless virtue. He acted without lording over others; right music filled the four quarters. With wary stillness he barred evil; with quietude he steadied the realm. His majesty stilled the realm; his Way spread through the heartland.
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歌穆帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Mu — Cao Pi
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孝宗夙哲，休音久臧。 如彼晨離，耀景扶桑。 垂訓華幄，流潤八荒。 幽贊玄妙，爰該典章。 西平僭蜀，北靜舊疆。 高猷遠暢，朝有遺芳。
Filial and wise from youth, his fine renown long lay hidden. Like the morning radiance, its light climbs over Fusang. His teaching flowed from the patterned canopy; his moisture soaked the eight wilds. Silently he assisted the hidden Way and mastered every canonical pattern. He pacified the rogue Shu westward and stilled the northern marches. Lofty purpose reached far; sweet fragrance lingered at court.
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歌哀帝曹毗
Hymn to Emperor Ai — Cao Pi
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于穆哀皇，聖心虛遠。 雅好玄古，大庭是踐。 道尚無為，治存易簡。 化若風行，時猶草偃。 雖曰登遐，徽音彌闡。 愔愔《雲》《韶》，盡美盡善。
Oh, solemn Emperor Ai—his divine mind dwelt far aloof. He loved high antiquity in simplicity and walked the way of the Grand Hall. His Way honored non-action; his governance valued ease and simplicity. His transforming influence moved like wind; the age bowed like grass. Though people say he journeyed far aloft, his subtle voice rings clearer still. Softly, softly, the Cloud and Shao airs—beauty absolute, goodness absolute.
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歌簡文帝王珣
Hymn to Emperor Jianwen — Wang Xun
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皇矣簡文，于昭於天。 靈明若神，周淡如川。 沖應其來，實與其遷。 亹亹心化，日用不言。 易而有親，簡而可傳。 觀流彌遠，求本逾玄。
How great Jianwen—his radiance reaches to heaven. Spirit-like in clarity, placid as a great river. The receptive matched whatever came; essence shifted with the changing times. Endlessly his heart transformed things; in daily life he used no lectures. Easy, yet the close drew near; simple, yet worthy to transmit. Follow the current—it runs ever farther; seek the root—it grows deeper still.
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歌孝武帝王珣
Hymn to Emperor Xiaowu — Wang Xun
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天監有晉，欽哉烈宗。 同規文考，玄默允恭。 威而不猛，約而能通。 神鉦一震，九域來同。 道積淮海，雅頌自東。 氣陶醇露，化協時雍。
Heaven looks down on Jin—honor our blazing Ancestor. He matched King Wen's pattern—silent, humble harmony. Majestic yet never harsh; economical yet inclusive. When the sacred bell-clash rolls out once, the nine regions rally as one. His virtue stacks high beside Huai and sea; court hymns arrive from the eastern lands. Its breath tempers the mellow dew; harmony fits the halcyon season.
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四時祠祀曹毗
Four Seasons Sacrifices — Cao Pi
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肅肅清廟，巍巍聖功。 萬國來賓，禮儀有容。 鐘鼓振，金石熙。 宣兆祚，武開基。 神斯樂兮！ 理管弦，有來斯和。 說功德，吐清歌。 神斯樂兮！ 洋洋玄化，潤被九壤。 民無不悅，道無不往。 禮有儀，樂有式。 詠九功，永無極。 神斯樂兮！
Solemn stands the bright shrine; august the holy merit. All realms arrive as guests; every ritual gesture keeps measure. Drums and bells resound; bronze and stone flash bright. Sacred portents open blessing; martial prowess begins the line. The spirits take joy in this! He arrays winds and strings; all who come join the chorus. They trumpet deeds and power; they lift unstained song. The spirits take joy in this! Far-flowing the subtle transformation; its moisture bathes the ninefold earth. No commoner who does not delight; no course of the Way that is not traveled. Ceremony knows its measure; music knows its mold. They sing the nine labors of rule—an end that never comes. The spirits take joy in this!
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漢時有《短簫鐃歌》之樂，其曲有《硃鷺》、《思悲翁》、《艾如張》、《上之回》、《雍離》、《戰城南》、《巫山高》、《上陵》、《將進酒》、《君馬黃》、《芳樹》、《有所思》、《雉子班》、《聖人出》、《上邪》、《臨高臺》、《遠如期》、《石留》、《務成》、《玄雲》、《黃爵行》《釣竿》等曲，列於鼓吹，多序戰陣之事。
The Han court kept the suite 《Short Reeds and Nao Songs》, with pieces from 《The Vermilion Heron》 through 《The Fishing Rod》, catalogued under military wind-and-drum music and mostly chronicling campaigns.
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及魏受命，改其十二曲，使繆襲為詞，述以功德代漢。 改《硃鷺》為《楚之平》，言魏也。 改《思悲翁》為《戰滎陽》，言曹公也。 改《艾如張》為《獲呂布》，言曹公東圍臨淮，擒呂布也。 改《上之回》為《克官渡》，言曹公與袁紹戰，破之於官渡也。 改《雍離》為《舊邦》，言曹公勝袁紹於官渡，還譙收藏死亡士卒也。 改《戰城南》為《定武功》，言曹公初破鄴，武功之定始乎此也。 改《巫山高》為《屠柳城》，言曹公越北塞，曆白檀，破三郡烏桓于柳城也。 改《上陵》為《平南荊》，言曹公平荊州也。 改《將進酒》為《平關中》，言曹公征馬超，定關中也。 改《有所思》為《應帝期》，言文帝以聖德受命，應運期也。 改《芳樹》為《邕熙》，言魏氏臨其國，君臣邕穆，庶績咸熙也。 改《上邪》為《太和》，言明帝繼體承統，太和改元，德澤流布也。 其餘並同舊名。
Once Wei inherited heaven's charge, it rewrote twelve titles and commissioned Mi Xi to versify Wei virtue replacing Han. 《Red Egret》 became 《Pacifying Chu》, speaking for Wei. 《Thinking of the Old Man》 became 《The Fight at Xingyang》, celebrating Cao Cao. 《Spreading Mugwort》 turned into 《Capturing Lü Bu》, marking Cao Cao's eastern tightening of the siege at Linhuai and his seizure of Lü Bu. 《Ascending to the Turn》 became 《Victory at Guandu》, noting Cao Cao's rout of Yuan Shao at the Guandu ford. 《Yong Leaves Part》 was renamed 《The Old Domain》, commemorating Cao Cao's Guandu triumph and his return to Qiao to inter the fallen. 《South of the City We Fight》 became 《Affirming Martial Might》, for Cao Cao's first reduction of Ye, where his military order truly began. 《Mount Wu Is High》 was retitled 《Slaughter at Willow City》, describing Cao Cao's thrust beyond the northern frontier, march through Baitan, and crushing of the three Wuhuan commanderies at Liucheng. 《Ascending the Mausoleum》 became 《Pacifying Southern Jing》, for Cao Cao's conquest of Jingzhou. 《Wine, Advance!》 turned into 《Pacifying Guanzhong》, marking Cao Cao's campaign against Ma Chao and the stabilization of the Guanzhong plain. 《I Had Someone in Mind》 was renamed 《Meeting Heaven's Deadlines》, because Emperor Wen's sacred virtue answered the scheduled mandate. 《Fragrant Trees》 became 《Concord and Glory》, depicting Wei rule at home: sovereign and ministers in dignified accord and every office radiant with achievement. 《Oh Heaven Above》 was changed to 《Grand Harmony》, since Emperor Ming inherited the undivided succession, inaugurated the Taihe reign, and virtue moistened the realm. The other titles stayed as before.
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是時吳亦使韋昭制十二曲名，以述功德受命。 改《硃鷺》為《炎精缺》，言漢室衰，孫堅奮迅猛志，念在匡救，王跡始乎此也。 改《思悲翁》為《漢之季》，言堅悼漢之微，痛董卓之亂，興兵奮擊，功蓋海內也。 改《艾如張》為《攄武師》，言權卒父之業而征伐也。 改《上之回》為《烏林》，言魏武既破荊州，順流東下，欲來爭鋒，權命將周瑜逆擊之于烏林而破走也。 改《雍離》為《秋風》，言權悅以使人，人忘其死也。 改《戰城南》為《克皖城》，言魏武志圖並兼，而權親征，破之於皖也。 改《巫山高》為《關背德》，言蜀將關羽背棄吳德，權引師浮江而擒之也。 改《上陵曲》為通荊州，言權與蜀交好齊盟，中有關羽自失之愆，終復初好也。 改《將進酒》為《章洪德》，言權章其大德，而遠方來附也。 改《有所思》為《順歷數》，言權順籙圖之符，而建大號也。 改《芳樹》為《承天命》，言其時主聖德踐位，道化至盛也。 改《上邪曲》為《玄化》，言其時主修文武，則天而行，仁澤流洽，天下喜樂也。 其餘亦用舊名不改。
Wu at the same time ordered Wei Zhao to draft twelve new titles praising its merit and heaven's charge. 《Red Egret》 became 《The Han Flame Falters》, telling how Sun Jian roused himself when the dynasty weakened and royal enterprise began there. 《Thinking of the Old Man》 became 《Han in Twilight》, mourning the ruined house, denouncing Dong Zhuo's rising storm, and celebrating Sun Jian's armies that shook the realm. 《Spreading Mugwort》 became 《Mobilizing the Army》, for Sun Quan's continuation of his father's wars. 《Ascending to the Turn》 became 《Wulin》, when Cao Cao swept downriver after taking Jingzhou and Zhou Yu met him at Wulin and drove him back. 《Yong Leaves Part》 was titled 《Autumn Wind》, praising Sun Quan's delight in worthy officers who forgot their own lives. 《South of the City We Fight》 became 《Capture of Wancheng》, when Cao Cao dreamed of swallowing Wu yet Sun Quan led his hosts and shattered him at Wan. 《Mount Wu Is High》 became 《Guan Forsakes Good Faith》, narrating Guan Yu's breach with Wu and Sun Quan's river offensive that seized him. 《Ascending the Mausoleum》 became 《Reopening Jingzhou》, for the Shu-Wu alliance troubled by Guan Yu's error and later healed. 《Wine, Advance!》 became 《Proclaiming Mighty Virtue》, when distant peoples rallied to Sun Quan's evident power. 《I Had Someone in Mind》 turned into 《Obeying the Tally's Order》, marking Sun Quan's accession in accord with portents. 《Fragrant Trees》 became 《Accepting Heaven's Charge》, celebrating the ruler enthroned and transformation at its height. 《Oh Heaven Above》 was renamed 《Profound Transformation》, praising civil-martial cultivation that mirrored heaven and brought joy to all. The remaining titles again stayed as they were.
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及武帝受禪，乃令傅玄制為二十二篇，亦述以功德代魏。 改《硃鷺》為《靈之祥》，言宣帝之佐魏，猶虞舜之事堯，既有石瑞之徵，又能用武以誅孟達之逆命也。 改《思悲翁》為《宣受命》，言宣帝御諸葛亮，養威重，運神兵，亮震怖而死也。 改《艾如張》為《征遼東》，言宣帝陵大海之表，討滅公孫氏而梟其首也。 改《上之回》為《宣輔政》，言宣帝聖道深遠，撥亂反正，網羅文武之才，以定二儀之序也。 改《雍離》為《時運多難》，言宣帝致討吳方，有征無戰也。 改《戰城南》為《景龍飛》，言景帝克明威教，賞順夷逆，隆無疆，崇洪基也。 改《巫山高》為《平玉衡》，言景帝一萬國之殊風，齊四海之乖心，禮賢養士，而纂洪業也。 改《上陵》為《文皇統百揆》，言文帝始統百揆，用人有序，以敷太平之化也。 改《將進酒》為《因時運》，言因時運變，聖謀潛施，解長蛇之交，離群桀之党，以武濟文，以邁其德也。 改《有所思》為《惟庸蜀》，言文帝既平萬乘之蜀，封建萬國，復五等之爵也。 改《芳樹》為《天序》，言聖皇應曆受禪，弘濟大化，用人各盡其才也。 改《上邪》為《大晉承運期》，言聖皇應籙受圖，化象神明也。 改《君馬黃》為《金靈運》，言聖皇踐阼，致敬宗廟，而孝道行於天下也。 改《雉子班》為《于穆我皇》，言聖皇受禪，德合神明也。 改《聖人出》為《仲春振旅》，言大晉申文武之教，畋獵以時也。 改《臨高臺》為《夏苗田》，言大晉畋狩順時，為苗除害也。 改《遠如期》為《仲秋獮田》，言大晉雖有文德，不廢武事，順時以殺伐也。 改《石留》為《順天道》，言仲冬大閱，用武修文，大晉之德配天也。 改《務成》為《唐堯》，言聖皇陟帝位，德化光四表也。 《玄雲》依舊名，言聖皇用人，各盡其材也。 改《黃爵行》為《伯益》，言赤烏銜書，有周以興，今聖皇受命，神雀來也。 《釣竿》依舊名，言聖皇德配堯舜，又有呂望之佐，濟大功，致太平也。 其辭並列之於後雲。
After Emperor Wu took the abdicated throne he told Fu Xuan to write twenty-two lyrics chronicling Jin merit supplanting Wei. 《Red Egret》 became 《Omen of the Spirits》, likening Sima Yi's service to Wei to Shun serving Yao: stone omens appeared and arms crushed Meng Da's revolt. 《Thinking of the Old Man》 became 《Xuan Takes the Charge》, describing Sima Yi's stalemate with Zhuge Liang—stored dread majesty, maneuvered subtle hosts—until Zhuge Liang died of shock. 《Spreading Mugwort》 was titled 《The Liaodong Expedition》, for Sima Yi's crossing of the sea, destruction of the Gongsuns, and display of Gongsun Yuan's head. 《Ascending to the Turn》 became 《Xuan Orders the Realm》, praising deep sagely policy that righted disorder and ranked talented civil and martial officers. 《Yong Leaves Part》 turned into 《Times of Many Perils》, noting punitive moves toward Wu that ended without pitched battle. 《South of the City We Fight》 became 《Soaring Dragon of Splendor》, celebrating Emperor Jing's awe-education, rewarding the loyal, punishing rebels, widening blessing, and deepening the great base. 《Mount Wu Is High》 was renamed 《Trueing the Jade Armillary》, for Emperor Jing's harmonizing every region, aligning distant hearts, honoring worthies, and advancing the great enterprise. 《Ascending the Mausoleum》 became 《Emperor Wen Governs All Bureaus》, because Sima Zhao first superintended every office, ordered appointments, and spread great peace. 《Wine, Advance!》 was titled 《Seizing the Hour》, describing timely stratagem that broke Shu-Wu collusion, shattered rebel cliques, paired arms with culture, and heightened virtue. 《I Had Someone in Mind》 became 《That Shu Alone》, for Sima Zhao's reduction of the Shu empire, investiture of countless domains, and revival of the five noble ranks. 《Fragrant Trees》 turned into 《Heaven's Sequence》, celebrating the sage ruler's calendar-abdication, vast transformation, and each talent fully used. 《Oh Heaven Above》 became 《Great Jin's Hour》, because the sage sovereign answered the tally-charts and merged his likeness with the divine. 《Your Horse Is Yellow》 was renamed 《Metal Virtue in Motion》, praising accession, ancestral devotion, and filial teaching across the land. 《Pheasant Broods》 became 《How Majestic Our King》, for the abdicated accession and virtue mirroring the gods. 《The Sage Appears》 was titled 《Spring Hunt Drills the Troops》, recording Jin extension of civil-martial instruction and seasonal hunts. 《From the High Terrace》 became 《Summer Seedling Hunt》, when Jin drove off vermin in accord with the calendar. 《Far as the Promised Day》 turned into 《Autumn Hunt in Order》, insisting that even with civil splendor Jin still struck punishments on schedule. 《Stone Stays》 was renamed 《Following Heaven's Road》, for midwinter grand reviews where arms perfected culture and Jin matched heaven. 《Accomplishing Completion》 became 《Emperor Yao of Tang》, because the sage ruler mounted the throne and edifying virtue lit the four quarters. 《Dark Clouds》 stayed unchanged, depicting every talent placed according to his gifts. 《Yellow Sparrow March》 became 《Helper Yi》, comparing the crimson crow's writ that launched Zhou to the spirit finches greeting Jin's charge. 《Fishing Rod》 remained, pairing Jin virtue with Yao-Shun and Lü Wang's aid to finish the great task of peace. The texts follow in order.
33
靈之祥
Auspice of the Numina
34
靈之祥，石瑞章。 旌金德，出西方。 天降命，授宣皇。 應期運，時龍驤。 繼大舜，佐陶唐。 贊武文，建帝綱。 孟氏叛，據南疆。 追有扈，亂五常。 吳寇叛，蜀虜強。 交誓盟，連遐荒。 宣赫怒，奮鷹揚。 震乾威，曜電光。 陵九天，陷石城。 梟逆命，拯有生。 萬國安，四海寧。
Spirit blessing—stone portents blaze. Metal virtue revealed, rising from the west. Heaven sent its mandate, granting Emperor Xuan. He rides the hour's luck; the dragon rears on high. He follows Great Shun, assists lofty Tang. He upholds civil and martial, sets the royal span. Meng Da rebelled, gripping the southern marches. Like punishing You-Hu, he smashes the five norms. Wu raiders rise; Shu hosts stay fierce. They swear dire alliances, chain the far frontiers. Xuan vents fierce wrath, lifts wings like hawks. He shakes celestial awe, flashes lightning sheen. He climbs the nine tiers, storms Stone Fort hold. He cuts the rebel charge, saves the breathing folk. Ten thousand regions rest; four seas grow calm.
35
宣受命
Xuan Receives the Mandate
36
宣受命，應天機，風雲時動神龍飛。 禦葛亮，鎮雍梁。 邊境安，夷夏康。 務節事，勤定傾。 攬英雄，保持盈。 深穆穆，赫明明。 沖而泰，天之經。 養威重，運神兵。 亮乃震斃，天下安寧。
Xuan takes heaven's charge; clouds ride the hour—the dragon lifts. He bars Zhuge Liang, shields Yong and Liang. Frontiers lock tight; tribes and heartland easy. He trims state affairs, labors to right the leaning throne. He collects champions, guards surplus with care. Deep and still, blazingly bright. Supple and still—the warp of heaven. He stores dread weight, drives spirit-like hosts. Liang dies of dread; the realm lies quiet.
37
征遼東
Campaigning Liaodong
38
征遼東，敵失據，威靈邁日域。 公孫既授首，群逆破膽，咸震怖。 朔北回應，海表景附。 武功赫赫，德雲布。
The Liaodong war—foes lose footing; awe crosses the solar sphere. Gongsun Yuan loses his head; rebels melt with fear. The northern wastes answer; overseas shores cling like shadows. His martial glory blazes; kindness rains like clouds.
39
宣輔政
Xuan Assists the Government
40
宣皇輔政，聖烈深。 撥亂反正，順天心。 網羅文武才，慎厥所生。 所生賢，遺教施。 安上治民，化風移。 肇創帝基，洪業垂。 于鑠明明，時赫戲。 功濟萬世，定二儀。 定二儀，雲行雨施，海外風馳。
The Xuan emperor steered the realm; sacred power ran profound. He straightened the turmoil and matched heaven's mind. He gathered civil and martial talent and fostered each calling. Those nurtured proved worthy; his legacy spread as doctrine. He steadied ruler and folk and shifted customs through reform. He founded the dynastic base and hung the great enterprise forth. How radiant his gleam, how fierce his shining play. His work aids endless ages; he set heaven and earth aright. Heaven and earth aligned: clouds rode, rain fell, winds raced overseas.
41
時運多難
The Age Harrows with Many Hardships
42
時運多難，道教痡。 天地變化，有盈虛。 蠢爾吳蠻，武視江湖。 我皇赫斯，致天誅。 有征無戰，弭其圖。 天威橫被，廓東隅。
Hard times exhausted the Way; instruction grew thin. Sky and soil alternate between wax and wane. Those Wu savages eyed the rivers with martial greed. Our sovereign rose in wrath to wield heaven's scourge. Campaigns ended without pitched battle; their schemes collapsed. Heaven's awe swept outward and cleared the eastern march.
43
景龍飛
Scenic Dragon Soars
44
景龍飛，禦天威。 聰鑒玄察，動與神明協機。 從之者顯，逆之者滅夷。 文教敷，武功巍。 普被四海，萬邦望風，莫不來綏。 聖德潛斷，先天弗違。 弗違祥，享世永長。 猛以致寬，道化光。 赫明明，祚隆無疆。 帝績惟期，有命既集，崇此洪基。
The dazzling dragon mounts heaven's dread majesty. His subtle insight pierced all; motion matched the gods' hinge. Followers flourished; opponents were extinguished. Culture spread wide; arms stood tall. His cloak covered the seas; every realm watched and sued for peace. Sacred virtue judged unseen; he never fought heaven's intent. No ill omens lingered; his reign stretched long. Severity opened into breadth; his transformation gleamed. Radiance supreme; blessing without frontier. His deed awaited heaven's hour; the mandate gathered to lift this throne.
45
平玉衡
Leveling the Jade Balance
46
平玉衡，糾奸回。 萬國殊風，四海乖。 禮賢養士，羈禦英雄，思心齊。 纂戎洪業，崇皇階。 品物咸亨，聖敬日躋。 聰鑒盡下情，明明綜天機。
He trueed the cosmic scales and straightened treason's bend. Every realm bore other manners; the seas pulled apart. He honored men of worth, fed champions of war, haltered heroes until minds met. He carried on arms and magnified the throne. Creation prospered together; sacred awe climbed each day. His mirror drained every grievance below; bright clarity ran heaven's loom.
47
文皇統百揆
Emperor Wen Commands All Offices
48
文皇統百揆，繼天理萬方。 武將鎮四隅，英佐盈朝堂，謀言協秋蘭，清風發其芳。 洪澤所漸潤，礫石為珪璋。 大道侔五帝，盛德逾三王。 咸光大，上參天與地，至化無內外。 無內外，六合並康乂。 並康乂，遘茲嘉會。 在昔羲與農，大晉德斯邁。 鎮征及諸州，為籓衛。 功濟四海，洪烈流萬世。
Emperor Wen ruled every bureau and extended heaven's pattern to all lands. Generals held the four marches; wise men packed the hall; counsel chimed like autumn orchids on a clear wind. His soaking virtue turned grit into ritual jade. His Dao matched the Five Thearchs; kindness overtopped the Three Kings. Their glory joined sky and soil; transformation knew no inside or out. Without inner or outer strife, the six reaches stood ordered. All corners healed together in this blessed hour. Xi and Nong of old watched Great Jin stride past them. Garrisons and provinces became fence and shield. His benefit soaked the seas; mighty deeds echo forever.
49
因時運
Riding the Season's Fortune
50
因時運，聖策施。 長蛇交解，群桀離。 勢窮奔吳，獸騎厲。 惟武進，審大計。 時邁其德，清一世。
He rode the hour's luck and set sacred plans in motion. The serpent alliance split; rebel cliques fled. Broken, they raced to Wu on beasts that flew. Force marched while counsel weighed the grand design. The age stepped with his virtue and cleansed an era.
51
惟庸蜀
Only That Shu
52
惟庸蜀，僭號天一隅。 劉備逆帝命，禪亮承其餘。 擁眾數十萬，窺隙乘我虛。 驛騎進羽檄，天下不遑居。 姜維屢寇邊，隴上為荒蕪。 文皇湣斯民，曆世受罪辜。 外謨籓屏臣，內謨眾士夫。 爪牙應指受，腹心獻良圖。 良圖協成文，大興百萬軍。 雷鼓震地起，猛勢陵浮雲。 逋虜畏天誅，面縛造壘門。 萬里同風教，逆命稱妾臣。 光建五等，紀綱天人。
Shu alone dared style itself emperor in a forgotten corner. Liu Bei defied heaven's charge; Liu Shan and Zhuge Liang drew out his unfinished war. They hugged hosts in hundreds of thousands, seeking cracks in our guard. Express riders bore urgent orders; the empire never rested. Jiang Wei harried the frontier until Long left fallow. Emperor Wen mourned the folk long punished by Shu. Outside he relied on frontier ministers; inside on every counselor. His warriors leapt at a glance; his counselors laid perfect plots. Plans knit into strategy; a million spears rose. Thunder drums shook the soil; fury topped the clouds. The beaten feared heaven's blade and came bound to the palisade. Wind and law crossed ten thousand leagues; rebels styled themselves vassals. He set the five noble ranks and joined heaven with men.
53
天序，應曆受禪，承靈祜。 禦群龍，勒螭武。 弘濟大化，英雋作輔。 明明統萬機，赫赫鎮四方，咎繇稷契之疇，協蘭芳。 禮王臣，覆兆民。 化之如天與地，誰敢愛其身？
Heaven's sequence met calendar and abdication and drew spirit blessing down. He drove the dragon hosts and reined the hornless armies. Great transformation spread wide; heroes served as rails. Bright he ruled ten thousand hinges and guarded four fronts with ministers like Gao Yao, Ji, and Qi, orchid-sweet accord. He crowned his kingsmen and sheltered every clan. He shaped them like heaven and earth; who could withhold loyalty?
54
大晉承運期
Great Jin Receives the Mandate's Season
55
大晉承運期，德隆聖皇。 時清晏，白日垂光。 應籙圖，陟帝位，繼天正玉衡。 化行象神明，至哉道隆虞與唐。 元首敷洪化，百僚股肱並忠良。 時太康，隆隆赫赫，福祚盈無疆。
Great Jin took heaven's hour; virtue rose with the sage throne. The age grew clear and still; the bright sun hung steady. Portents answered; he mounted the throne and aligned heaven's armillary. Conduct mirrored the gods; his Way rivaled Yu and Tang. The sovereign spread vast change; every minister served as limb and loyal heart. Tai Kang dawned in towering blaze; blessing flooded without limit.
56
金靈運
Metal Essence's Course
57
金靈運，天符發。 聖徵見，參日月。 惟我皇，體神聖。 受魏禪，應天命。 皇之興，靈有徵。 登大麓，禦萬乘。 皇之輔，若闞武。 爪牙奮，莫之禦。 皇之佐，贊清化。 百事理，萬邦賀。 神祗應，嘉瑞章。 恭享禮，薦先皇。 樂時奏，磬管鏘。 鼓殷殷，鐘鍠鍠。 奠樽俎，實玉觴。 神歆饗，咸悅康。 宴孫子，祐無疆。 大孝蒸蒸，德教被萬方。
Metal virtue stirred; heaven gave its token. Sacred signs appeared beside sun and moon. Our sovereign bodies forth spirit-wisdom. He took Wei's abdication and answered heaven. His ascent bore spirit omens. He climbed the sacred mound and drove myriad cars. His aides matched Tiger Guard zeal. Claws sprang forth; none could block them. His helpers aided pure reform. Every office aligned; myriad realms rejoiced. Gods answered; bright omens shone. He worshipped with care and fed the late emperor's spirit. Music rose on cue; stones and winds rang. Drums thundered deep; bells crashed wide. He set the trays and poured jade cups full. Spirits feasted; every heart grew calm. He feasted grandsons; blessing knew no bound. Filial steam rose thick; moral rain soaked every quarter.
58
于穆我皇
Oh Solemn Our Sovereign
59
于穆我皇，盛德聖且明。 受禪君世，光濟群生。 普天率土，莫不來庭。 顒顒六合內，望風仰泰清。 萬國雍雍，興頌聲。 大化洽，地平而天成。 七政齊，玉衡惟平。 峨峨佐命，濟濟群英。 夙夜乾乾，萬機是經。 雖治興，匪荒寧。 謙道樂，沖不盈。 天地合德，日月同榮。 赫赫煌煌，曜幽冥。 三光克從，於顯天，垂景星。 龍鳳臻，甘露宵零。 肅神祗，祗上靈。 萬物欣戴，自天效其成。
How solemn our sovereign, sage virtue blazing bright. He took abdication to shepherd the age and succor every life. Under heaven and across the soil every realm presents itself at court. Inside the six reaches every gaze turns upward, awaiting merciful clarity. Myriad kingdoms move as one; praise rises everywhere. Great peace soaks every corner; earth lies flat and heaven holds firm. The seven celestial powers line up; the jade squaring-weight stays true. Towering stand the ministers who answered heaven; countless heroes throng. Diligent from dusk till dawn, he threads ten thousand hinges. Though order thrives he never sinks into slack peace. Humility is his joy; the yielding vessel never brims. Earth and sky wed their powers; sun and moon twin their beams. Radiance blazes; gloom itself grows bright. Sun, moon, and stars obey; bright heaven drops blessing stars. Dragon and phoenix gather; midnight nectar sprinkles down. He bows to every god and feeds the highest spirits. Creation delights to bear him up; heaven itself sends proof of deed.
60
仲春振旅
Second Month Drills the Host
61
仲春振旅，大致人，武教於時日新。 師執提，工執鼓。 坐作從，節有序。 盛矣允文允武！ 搜田表祃，申法誓。 遂圍禁，獻社祭。 允以時，明國制。 文武並用，禮之經。 列車如戰，大教明，古今誰能去兵？ 大晉繼天，濟群生。
Mid-spring shakes out the army, rallies the people, and keeps martial teaching fresh with each dawn. Officers carry spear-hafts; artisans beat the drums. They kneel and rise on cue; cadence orders every move. Sublime indeed, civil truth and martial truth together! They sweep the fields and plant the maoling banner; they declare law and oath. They ring the chase and present the earth-god offering. Timed to season they publish the royal ordinance. Culture and arms paired as ritual's warp. Lines of chariots mimic war; the lesson blazes clear: can any age be rid of spears? Great Jin carries heaven's line and feeds every common life.
62
夏苗田
Summer Seedling Hunt
63
夏苗田，運將徂。 軍國異容，文武殊。 乃命群吏，撰車徒，辯其號名，贊契書。 王軍啟八門，行同上帝居。 時路建大麾，雲旗翳紫虛。 百官象其事，疾則疾，徐則徐。 回衡旋軫，罷陣弊車。 獻禽享祀，蒸蒸配有虞。 惟大晉，德參兩儀，化雲敷。
The summer seedling hunt begins as the column prepares to march. Camp and court wear different faces; culture and arms wear different masks. He bids every clerk ready carts and men, sort each banner-name, and chalk the tallies. The royal host opens eight gates; its march mirrors god's court. Battle standards rear along the route; cloud-flags veil the violet sky. Each ministry mirrors its charge: hurry where hurry fits, tarry where tarry fits. They swing yoke and axle, break array, and park the cars. They offer the bag at the altar; steam rises worthy of Shun. Great Jin alone marries heaven and earth; clouds of reform roll wide.
64
仲秋獮田
Second Month Autumn Hunt
65
仲秋獮田，金德常綱。 涼風清且厲，凝露結為霜。 白藏司辰，金隼時鷹揚。 鷹揚猶尚父，順天以殺伐，春秋時序。 雷霆震威曜，進退由鉦鼓。 致禽祀祊，羽毛之用充軍府。 赫赫大晉德，芬烈陵三五。 敷化以文，雖安不廢武。 光宅四海，永享天之祜。
Mid-autumn war-hunt: metal virtue tightens the cord. Cool winds blow sharp; dew stiffens into frost. The white treasury rules the hour; metal kestrels and season hawks wheel. The hawk lifts like Taigong, killing on heaven's schedule while spring and autumn keep time. Thunder rolls his majesty; gongs and drums rule advance and halt. They lay game at the fringe-altar; plumes and pelts fill the armory. Mighty Great Jin; fragrance towers past the Three and Five. Culture spreads his influence; even in calm they keep the spear. His light owns the four seas; heaven's favor flows without end.
66
順天道
Obeying Heaven's Way
67
順天道，握神契，三時示，講武事。 冬大閱，鳴鐲振鼓鐸，旌旗象虹霓。 文制其中，武不窮武。 動軍誓眾，禮成而義舉。 三驅以崇仁，進止不失其序。 兵卒練，將如闞武。 惟闞武，氣陵青雲。 解圍三面，殺不殄群。 偃旌麾，班六軍。 獻享蒸，修典文。 嘉大晉，德配天。 祿報功，爵俟賢。 饗燕樂，受茲百祿，壽萬年。
He follows heaven's road, grips the spirit-contract, shows three seasons, and rehearses war. Winter's great muster rings bells and shakes drums; pennons arc like rainbows. Culture reins the core; arms never decay into mere violence. He stirs the camp and binds the troops in oaths until ceremony seals duty. Three sides stay open for mercy; columns advance and wheel in order. Troops are honed; commanders rival Tiger Guard heroes. Such tiger zeal towers above the cyan clouds. They lift three faces of the net, killing yet sparing the herd. Standards fold; the six hosts rank. They offer winter steam and mend ritual canon. Blessed Great Jin; virtue equals heaven. Stipends repay deeds; titles wait the worthy. Feasts and music pour forth hundredfold blessings and span endless years.
68
唐堯諮務成，謙謙德其興。 積漸終光大，履霜致堅冰。 神明道自成，河海猶可凝。 舜禹統百揆，元凱以次升。 禪讓應大曆，睿聖世相承。 我皇陟帝位，平衡正準繩。 德化飛四表，祥氣見其徵。 興王坐俟旦，亡主恬自矜。 致遠由近始，覆簣成山陵。 披圖案先籍，有其證靈液。
Yao of Tang asked counsel of Wucheng; humble humility lets virtue climb. Grain on grain grows glory; tread frost and ice follows. The divine Dao completes itself; rivers can turn to ice. Shun and Yu ruled every bureau; Yuan and Kai rose in sequence. Abditions matched heaven's chronology; sage passed sage. Our sovereign mounts the throne; scales hang level and lines stay true. Virtue flies to the four bounds; lucky mist proves every claim. Founders watched for dawn; doomed kings slept smug. Far journeys start near; basket on basket builds a mountain. He spreads charts and reads old registers; spirit-rain proves them true.
69
玄雲起丘山，祥氣萬里會。 龍飛何蜿蜿，鳳翔何翽翽。 昔在唐虞朝，時見青雲際。 今親游萬國，流興溢天外。 鶴鳴在後園，清音隨風邁。 成湯隆顯命，伊摯來如飛。 周文獵渭濱，遂載呂望歸。 符合如影響，先天天不違。 輟耕綜地綱，解褐衿天維。 元功配二王，芬馨世所稀。 我皇敘群才，洪烈何巍巍。 桓桓征四表，濟濟理萬機。 神化感無方，髦才盈帝畿。 丕顯惟昧旦，日新孔所諮。 茂哉明聖德，日月同光輝。
Dark clouds climb from hills; lucky breath meets across ten thousand leagues. Dragons coil upward; phoenix wings gleam. Once at Yao's Tang court phoenix broke through cyan clouds. Now he tours every realm; bliss overflows past sky's edge. Cranes call in back gardens; clear notes ride the gale. Tang of Shang rose on bright charge; Yi Yin flew to him. King Wen hunted on Wei's shore and drove Lü Wang home. Sign matches echo and shadow; acting before heaven, heaven never fights back. He drops the hoe to weave earth's net; sheds hemp to knot heaven's rope. Founding merit rivals the two kings; perfume scarce in any era. Our sovereign ranks every gift; his deed towers vast. He shakes four frontiers; dense aides thread ten thousand hinges. Divine influence finds no fixed spot; genius floods the capital. Splendor waits before dawn; Confucius prized daily renewal. Lush indeed his sacred kindness; sun and moon twin their light.
70
伯益佐舜禹，職掌山與川。 德侔十六相，思心入無間。 智理周萬物，下知眾鳥言。 黃雀應清化，翔習何翩翩。 和鳴棲庭樹，徘徊雲日間。 夏桀為無道，密網施山河。 酷祝振纖網，當柰黃雀何。 殷湯崇天德，去其三面羅。 逍遙群飛來，鳴聲乃復和。 硃雀作南宿，鳳皇統羽群。 赤烏銜書至，天命瑞周文。 神雀今來遊，為我受命君。 嘉祥致天和，膏澤隆青雲。 蘭風發芳氣，蓋世同其芬。
Boy Yi helped Shun and Yu and ruled hill and stream. His virtue matches the sixteen aides; thought slips through no crack. Knowledge orders creation and discerns every bird call. Golden sparrows answer clearing virtue and wheel in fluttering drill. Their blended song rests in yard trees, drifting between sun and cloud. Tyrant Jie renounced the Way and cast nets across hill and stream. The cruel priest tugged fine mesh; what chance had yellow sparrows then? Tang of Yin honored heaven's kindness and lifted three walls of the snare. Birds fluttered in carefree; voices chimed together. The Vermilion Bird mans the southern lodge; phoenix leads winged hosts. Crimson crows carried script; heaven blessed King Wen of Zhou. Spirit finches roam today for our ruler who took heaven's charge. Good omens marry heaven with kindness; fat dew climbs on cyan clouds. Orchid winds bear perfume; the age breathes the same sweet air.
71
釣竿何冉冉，甘餌芳且鮮。 臨川運思心，微綸沈九泉。 太公寶此術，乃在《靈秘》篇。 機變隨物移，精妙貫未然。 游魚驚著釣，潛龍飛戾天。 戾天安所至？ 撫翼翔太清。 太清一何異，兩儀出渾成。 玉衡正三辰，造化賦群形。 退願輔聖君，與神合其靈。 我君弘遠略，天人不足並。 天人初並時，昧昧何芒芒。 日月有徵兆，文象興二皇。 蚩尤亂生靈，黃帝用兵征萬方。 逮夏禹而德衰，三代不及虞與唐。 我皇盛德配堯舜，受禪即阼享天祥。 率土蒙祐，靡不肅，庶事康。 庶事康，穆穆明明。 荷百祿，保無極，永太平。
The rod drifts patient; dainty bait smells sweet and bright. He ponders by the stream; thin silk sinks to the nine wells. Taigong prized this craft; it rests in the 《Spirit Secret》 scroll. Skill shifts with each catch; fine craft foresees what has not happened. Surface trout shy at the hook; submerged dragons leap toward heaven. Storming heaven, where may it arrive? He folds wings and climbs Grand Clarity. Grand Clarity shifts shape; yin and yang rise from primordial blur. The jade sight-line fixes sun, moon, and stars; creation grants every shape. He vows to serve the sage king and mingle souls with every god. Our sovereign plots afar; heaven and earth together fall short. When sky and soil first met, all was dim vast shadow. Sun and moon showed signs; figured omens lifted two emperors. Chiyou scourged the folk; Yellow Emperor marched to every zone. By Yu of Xia virtue ebbed; three ages never matched Tang and Yu. Our sage equals Yao-Shun; taking abdication he mounts the stair and tastes heaven's grace. Soil and sky gain blessing; awe reigns; every task thrives. Every duty rests easy, august and bright. He bears hundred gifts, guards the endless span, keeps eternal calm.
72
鼙舞，未詳所起，然漢代已施于燕享矣。 傅毅、張衡所賦，皆其事也。 舊曲有五篇，一、《關東有賢女》，二、《章和二年中》，三、《樂久長》，四、《四方皇》，五、《殿前生桂樹》，其辭並亡。 曹植《鼙舞詩序》云：「故漢靈帝西園鼓吹有李堅者，能鼙舞，遭世荒亂，堅播越關西，隨將軍段煨。 先帝聞其舊伎，下書召堅。 堅年逾七十，中間廢而不為，又古曲甚多謬誤，異代之文，未必相襲，故依前曲作新歌五篇。」 及泰始中，又制其辭焉。 其舞故常二八，桓玄將僭位，尚書殿中郎袁明子啟增滿八佾。 泰始中歌辭今列之後雲。
Drum dance: origins unclear, yet Han banquets already featured it. Fu Yi and Zhang Heng's odes describe exactly these shows. Five ancient titles survived from 《The Maid East of the Pass》 through 《Cassia Before the Hall》, yet every lyric was gone. Cao Zhi wrote in his drum-dance preface that Han Lingdi's western park musicians included Li Jian, master of the drum dance; when chaos scattered the realm, Li fled west with General Duan Wei. The late emperor heard his reputation and summoned Li Jian by edict. Past seventy, Li had long quit performing; ancient scores were corrupt, so slavish copying made no sense, and Cao Zhi composed five fresh songs on the old beats. During Taishi the court rewrote their words anew. Sixteen dancers stayed standard until Huan Xuan neared usurpation and Yuan Mingzi asked to swell the corps to full eight-by-eight. Taishi lyrics follow.
73
鼙舞歌詩五篇
Five Pi-Dance Song Poems
74
洪業篇當魏曲《明明魏皇帝》，古曲《關東有賢女》。
《Grand Venture》 replaces Wei’s 《Radiant Wei Emperor》 and the lost 《Maid East of the Pass》.
75
宣文創洪業，盛德在泰始。 聖皇應靈符，受命君四海。 萬國何所樂？ 上有明天子。 唐堯禪帝位，虞舜惟恭己。 恭己正南面，道化與時移。 大赦蕩萌漸，文教被黃支。 象天則地，體無為。 聰明配日月，神聖參兩儀。 雖有三凶類，靜言無所施。 象天則地，體無為。 稷契並佐命，伊呂升王臣。 蘭芷登朝肆，下無失宿人。 聲發響自應，表立景來附。 哮闞順羈制，潛龍升天路。 備物立成器，變通極其數。 百事以時敘，萬機有常度。 訓之以克讓，納之以忠恕。 群下仰清風，海外同歡慕。 象天則地，化雲布。 昔日貴雕飾，今尚儉與素。 昔日多纖介，今去情與故。 象天則地，化雲布。 濟濟大朝士，夙夜綜萬機。 萬機無廢理，明明降訓諮。 臣譬列星景，君配朝日輝。 事業並通濟，功烈何巍巍。 五帝繼三皇，三皇世所歸。 聖德應期運，天天地不能違。 仰之彌已高，猶天不可階。 將復禦龍氏，鳳皇在庭棲。
Emperor Wen launched the great enterprise; prime virtue settled in Taishi. The holy sovereign met heaven's token and took charge of the seas. What makes every kingdom glad? Because a luminous Son of Heaven reigns on high. Yao of Tang yielded the throne; Shun merely perfected himself. Self-cultivation faced south; the Dao shifted customs with time. Amnesty rinses fresh faults; culture drapes lands as far as Yellow Branch. He mirrors sky and soil; his substance is non-doing. His wit rivals sun and moon; sacred might joins yin and yang. Though evil trio linger, calm decree leaves them no leverage. Patterned on heaven, modeled on earth, his bodying forth is effortless non-action. Ji and Qi aided heaven's charge; Yi Yin and Lü Wang rose as ministers. Sweet orchids fill the court market; no worthy sleeps unseen. Make a sound and echoes answer; raise the standard and brilliance follows. Tiger guards heed reins and bit; hidden dragons climb heaven's lane. He sets vessels and completes tools; change and reach probe every number. Every task follows season; each hinge keeps steady gauge. He teaches conquering modesty and welcomes them with loyalty and forgiveness. Courtiers breathe his cool wind; overseas thirst for him too. He mirrors sky and soil; clouds of reform roll wide. Yesterday prized ornament; today honors thrift and plain cloth. Yesterday sniffed at trifles; today sheds stale feeling and habit. Heaven modeled, earth patterned--clouds of reform billow outward. Great ministers crowd the hall, threading ten thousand hinges night and day. Every hinge stays tended; brilliant heaven drops counsel. Courtiers mirror star fires; the sovereign pairs with sunrise. Tasks intersect and succeed; glory towers vast. Five emperors followed three kings; three kings were ages men admired. Sacred virtue meets its hour; heaven aligns so sky and soil dare not resist. Look up and he grows higher; like heaven he offers no stair. Yu Longshi will return to haul chariots; phoenix nests in the yard.
76
天命篇當魏曲《太和有聖帝》，古曲《章和二年中》。
《Heaven's Charge》 replaces Wei’s 《Taihe Holds the Sacred Throne》 and the lost 《Second Year of Zhanghe》.
77
聖祖受天命，應期輔魏皇。 入則綜萬機，出則征四方。 朝廷無遺理，方表甯且康。 道隆舜臣堯，積德逾太王。 孟度阻窮險，造亂天一隅。 神兵出不意，奉命致天誅。 赦善罰有罪，元惡宗為虛。 威風震勁蜀，武烈懾強吳。 諸葛不知命，肆逆亂天常。 擁徒十餘萬，數來寇邊疆。 我皇邁神武，執鉞鎮雍涼。 亮乃畏天威，未戰先僕僵。 盈虛自然運，時變故多艱。 東征陵海表，萬里克朝鮮。 受遺齊七政，曹爽又滔天。 群凶受誅殛，百祿咸來臻。 黃華應福始，王淩為禍先。
The sacred ancestor took heaven's charge and aided Wei in season. Within court he ran every hinge; beyond he struck four fronts. Palace missed no duty; marches stayed calm yet secure. His Dao rivaled Shun serving Yao; stacked virtue overtopped Grand King. Meng Da blocked deadly narrows and stirred trouble in one canton. Spirit-like armies struck unseen, bearing heaven's sentence. Mercy for the good, stripes for crime; arch rebel houses emptied. His gale rattles stubborn Shu; martial awe freezes fierce Wu. Zhuge Liang misread destiny and wildly betrayed heaven's norm. He hugged hosts beyond a hundred thousand and raided the frontier again and again. Our sovereign topped divine arms; gripping the axe he held Yong and Liang. Zhuge Liang then dreaded heaven's wrath and fell stiff ere blades crossed. Wax and wane turn by nature; ages shift through bitter trials. Eastward hosts crossed the sea; myriad leagues brought Korea to court. Entrusted to align the seven powers, Cao Shuang once more drowned heaven. Rebel packs died at stroke; hundred blessings gathered. Golden glory answered bliss's dawn; Wang Ling opened ruin's trail.
78
景皇篇當魏曲《魏曆長》，古曲《樂久長》。
《Radiant Emperor》 replaces Wei’s 《Long Wei Calendar》 and 《Joy Lasts Long》.
79
景皇帝，聰明命世生，盛德參天地。 帝王道大，創基既已難，繼世亦未易。 外則夏侯玄，內則張與李，三凶構逆，亂帝紀。 順天行誅，窮其奸宄。 邊將禦其漸，潛謀不得起。 罪人咸伏辜，威風振萬里。 平衡綜萬機，萬機無不理。 召陵桓不君，內外何紛紛。 眾小便成群，蒙昧恣心，治亂不分。 睿聖獨斷，濟武常以文。 順天惟廢立，掃霓披浮雲。 雲霓既已辟，清和未幾間，羽檄首尾至，變起東南籓。 儉欽為長蛇，外則憑吳蠻。 萬國紛騷擾，戚戚天下懼不安。 神武禦六軍，我皇執鉞征。 儉欽起壽春，前鋒據項城。 出其不意，並縱奇兵。 奇兵誠難禦，廟勝實難支。 兩軍不期遇，敵退計無施。 豹騎惟武進，大戰沙陽陂。 欽乃亡魂走，奔虜若雲披。 天因赦有罪，東土放鯨鯢。
Emperor Jing, wise commander born to his age; virtue spans sky and soil. Imperial Dao runs vast; founding was hard, succession harder still. Outside Xiahou Xuan, inside Zhang and Li: three traitors twisted the royal calendar. He followed heaven to punish them and rooted every plot. Border generals caught omens early; secret plots never surfaced. Guilty men paid dues; his gale shook myriad miles. Just scales ran every hinge; no hinge ran wild. When Shaoling missed kingly duty, court and camp alike churned. Small men swarmed in packs, blur-eyed with whim, mistaking peace for storm. Sacred wit judged alone; martial aid rode culture. He obeyed heaven in raising kings and sweeping rainbow veils from drifting clouds. Rainbows parted; brief calm followed until courier summons poured and southeast rebelled. Jian and Qin formed a long snake, outwardly leaning on Wu tribes. Every realm boiled; the world shook with dread. Sacred arms drove six hosts; our sovereign seized the axe. Jian and Qin erupted at Shouyang; van seized Xiangcheng. They struck unforeseen and loosed surprise hosts. Surprise columns prove hardest to stop; shrine-approved triumph hardest to bear. Both armies collided unplanned; the foe fled with plans undone. Leopard cavalry drove straight ahead and smashed them at Shayang marsh. Wen Qin's soul fled; routed foes scattered like torn clouds. Heaven mercifully spared the guilty; the eastern march spared chief captives.
80
大晉篇當魏曲《天生蒸民》，古曲《四方皇》。
《Great Jin》 pairs with Wei’s 《Heaven Sires the People》 and the old 《August Four Seas》.
81
赫赫大晉，于穆文王。 蕩蕩巍巍，道邁陶唐。 世稱三皇五帝，及今重其光。 九德克明，文既顯，武又彰。 思弘六合，兼濟萬方。 內舉元凱，朝政以綱。 外簡武臣，時惟鷹揚。 靡順不懷，逆命斯亡。 仁配春日，威逾秋霜。 濟濟多士，同茲蘭芳。 唐虞至治，四凶滔天。 致討儉欽，罔不肅虔。 化感海內，海外來賓。 獻其聲樂，並稱妾臣。 西蜀猾夏，僭號方域。 命將致討，委國稽服。 吳人放命，馮海阻江。 飛書告喻，回應來同。 先王建萬國，九服為籓衛。 亡秦壞諸侯，序祚不二世。 歷代不能復，忽逾五百歲。 我皇邁聖德，應期創典制。 分土五等，籓國正封界。 莘莘文武佐，千秋遘嘉會。 洪澤溢區內，仁風翔海外。
August Great Jin; solemn blesses King Wen. Vast and towering, his Dao outruns Tao Tang. Men hailed Three August Ones and Five Thearchs; today his brilliance doubles theirs. Nine virtues shine clear; culture gleams and arms blaze. He plans to embrace six reaches and rescue every quarter. Within he lifted Yuan and Kai; court rule gained its warp. Without he chose generals whose hour was hawk-flight. Every compliant heart loved him; rebels against heaven died. Mercy matches spring sunlight; terror beats autumn frost. Hosts of nobles throng; each shares orchid scent. Even Tang-Yu perfection knew four fiends who drowned heaven. Campaigning against Jian and Qin, awe touched everyone. His reform stirred inland seas; outer seas sent guests. They offered songs and music and styled themselves handmaids. Western Shu plagued the heartland, claiming an outlaw throne. He sent generals to punish them and Shu yielded its altars. Wu men cast away heaven's charge, trusting seas and river. Flying edicts explained justice; answering pledges arrived. Ancient kings founded myriad domains; nine robes formed guard fences. Qin smashed feudal order; its line died in two reigns. Later ages failed to restore rule until five hundred years slipped by. Our sage spans sacred virtue and founded timed institutions. He carved five noble ranks and squared each feudal march. Rich civil and martial helpers gather this blessed hour. Kind flood brims the provinces; humane breeze sails overseas.
82
明君篇當魏曲《為君既不易》，古曲《殿前生桂樹》。
《Enlightened Ruler》 replaces Wei’s 《To Rule Is Hard》 and 《Cassia Before the Hall》.
83
明君禦四海，聽鑒盡物情。 顧望有譴罰，謁忠身必榮。 蘭芷出荒野，萬里升紫庭。 茨草穢堂階，掃截不得生。 能否莫相蒙，百官正其名。 恭己慎有為，有為無不成。 暗君不自信，群下執異端。 正直羅浸潤，奸臣奪其權。 雖欲盡忠誠，結舌不敢言。 結舌亦何憚，盡忠為身患。 清流豈不潔，飛塵濁其源。 岐路令人迷，未遠勝不還。 忠臣立君朝，正色不顧身。 邪正不並存，譬若胡與秦。 胡秦有合時，邪正各異津。 忠臣遇明君，乾乾惟日新。 群目統在綱，眾星共北辰。 設令遭暗主，斥退為凡人。 雖薄供時用，白茅猶為珍。 冰霜晝夜結，蘭桂摧為薪。 邪臣多端變，用心何委曲。 便辟順情指，動隨君所欲。 偷安樂目前，不問清與濁。 積偽罔時主，養交以持祿。 言行恆相違，難饜甚谿穀。 昧死射乾沒，覺露則滅族。
The wise sovereign holds the seas; his mirror drains every plea. One sidelong glance spells doom; loyal audiences earn honor. Wild orchids rise from wastes and climb the purple hall. Weeds choke palace stairs; cut away and still they die. Merit hides from none; every bureau earns its title. Self-restrained care yields deeds; deeds bring success. A dim ruler trusts himself not; ministers seize strange roads. Loyal men drown in soft deceit; traitors clutch authority. Though craving full honesty, his tongue locks. Locked lips bring dread; pure loyalty courts ruin. Even clear springs foul when dust chokes the springhead. Crossroads confuse travelers; winners lose the road home. Loyal ministers face the throne upright, heedless of life. Evil and straight cannot share space like Hu beside Qin. Hu and Qin sometimes ally; evil and straight ford apart. Loyalty meets clarity and renews itself daily. All eyes hang from one rope; stars wheel round Polaris. Meet a dim king and be cast common. Mean gifts serve timely need; white straw stays sacred. Ice binds night and day; orchids burn as fuel. Villains twist many ways; their hearts coil endlessly. Flatterers bend to whims and dance every wish. They steal comfort today and never ask clean from foul. They pile lies for the throne and trade favors for stipends. Words and deeds split wider than valley gorges. Blind greed hunts sunk loot; exposure wipes the clan.
84
拂舞，出自江左。 舊雲吳舞，檢其歌，非吳辭也。 亦陳於殿庭。 楊泓序云：「自到江南見《白符舞》，或言《白鳧鳩舞》，雲有此來數十年矣。 察其辭旨，乃是吳人患孫皓虐政，思屬晉也。」 今列之於後雲。
The whisk dance sprang from the eastern Jin lands. Once labeled Wu dance, yet its words are not Wu speech. It was staged in the palace yard too. Yang Hong wrote: south of the river he watched the 《White Talisman》 dance, also called 《White Grebe》, said to have come decades ago. Reading its intent, Wu folk hated Sun Hao's cruelty and longed for Jin. Their texts follow.
85
拂舞歌詩五篇
Five Whisk-Dance Lyrics
86
白鳩篇
White Dove Piece
87
翩翩白鳩，再飛再鳴。 懷我君德，來集君庭。 白雀呈瑞，素羽明鮮。 翔庭舞翼，以應仁乾。 皎皎鳴鳩，或丹或黃。 樂我君惠，振羽來翔。 東壁餘光，魚在江湖。 惠而不費，敬我微軀。 策我良駟，習我驅馳。 與君周旋，樂道忘饑。 我心虛靜，我志沾濡。 彈琴鼓瑟，聊以自娛。 陵雲登臺，浮游太清。 攀龍附鳳，自望身輕。
Snow doves wheel and call again and again. They cherish our lord's grace and gather in his yard. White finches bring omens; pale wings gleam bright. They dance the court, answering humane heaven. Bright turtledoves call, some red, some gold. They rejoice in kindness and beat wings in flight. East wall keeps borrowed light; fish roam lakes free. His bounty costs little yet honors my slight frame. He spurs good horses and drills my riding. We circle our lord, drunk on teaching, forgetting hunger. My heart stays empty still; my purpose drinks deep. We pluck qin and strike se for pastime. We climb cloud terraces and drift through Grand Clarity. We cling to dragon and phoenix and hope to rise weightless.
88
濟濟篇
Splendid Splendid Piece
89
暢暢飛舞氣流芳，追念三五大綺黃。 去失有，時可行，去來時同此未央。 時冉冉，近桑榆，但當飲酒為歡娛。 衰老逝，有何期，多憂耿耿內懷思，深池曠，魚獨希，願得黃浦眾所依。 恩感人，世無比，悲歌且舞無極已。
Joyous dancers whirl perfume; memory reaches wise kings of old. Loss and gain keep season; come and go share this endless round. Hours hasten toward dusk; best seize wine and pleasure. Age steals life with no fixed term; grief lodges deep; wide ponds hold lonely fish who seek the harbor crowd. Grace touches beyond compare; sorrow lifts song and endless dance.
90
獨祿篇
Outcast Fortune Piece
91
獨獨祿祿，水深泥濁。 泥濁尚可，水深殺我。 雍雍雙雁，遊戲田畔。 我欲射雁，念子孤散。 翩翩浮萍，得風搖輕。 我心何合，與之同並。 空床低幃，誰知無人。 夜衣錦繡，誰別偽真。 刀鳴鞘中，倚床無施。 父冤不報，欲活何為。 猛獸班班，遊戲山間。 獸欲齧人，不避豪賢。
Lonely roads, lonely fate; deep water, foul mud. Filthy mud one might bear; deep waters drown me. Twin geese glide together; they sport along field rims. I mean to shoot them yet pity your lonely wandering. Drifting duckweed catches breeze and dances light. My heart seeks union and merges with yours. Low curtains veil empty beds; none guess who lies within. Night robes shine silk; who tells sham from true. Blades hum in sheaths beside beds unused. Father's murder unpaid--why stay alive? Striped beasts roam hills for sport. Savage beasts attack without sparing heroes.
92
碣石篇
Stone Tablet Piece
93
東臨碣石，以觀滄海。 水何淡淡，山島竦峙。 樹木叢生，百草豐茂。 秋風蕭瑟，洪波湧起。 日月之行，若出其中。 星漢燦爛，若出其裏。 幸甚至哉，歌以詠志。 《觀滄海》
Eastward we climb Jieshi to watch the gray sea. Waters shimmer softly; islands thrust from the tide. Groves crowd together; every meadow runs riot green. Autumn wind sighs; giant billows lift. Sun and moon seem born inside its swell. The Milky Way glitters as though poured from its depths. Such bliss, such grace—this song voices the heart. 'Gazing the Azure Sea'
94
孟冬十月，北風徘徊。 天氣肅清，繁霜霏霏。 鶤雞晨鳴，雁過南飛。 鷙鳥潛藏，熊羆窟棲。 耨鑮停置，農收積場。 逆旅整設，以通賈商。 幸甚至哉，歌以詠志。 《冬十月》
Tenth month of cold winter; north wind hesitates. Air turns crisp and thin; heavy frost drifts down. Wild cock crows at dawn; wild geese fly south. Birds of prey hide; bears and brown beasts hole up. Plow shares rest; grain heaps fill the threshing ground. Roadside inns stand ready for traveling traders. Such bliss, such grace—this song voices the heart. 'Winter's Tenth Month'
95
鄉土不同，河朔隆塞。 流澌浮漂，舟船行難。 錐不之地，豐籟深奧。 水竭不流，冰堅可蹈。 士隱者貧，勇俠輕非。 心常歎怨，戚戚多悲。 幸甚至哉，歌以詠志。 《土不同》
Soils differ: north of the river lies bitter cold. Ice floes drift; boats struggle upstream. Spades bite shallow; thick growth hides deep hollows. Streams freeze solid; ice bears a man's tread. Hidden scholars stay poor; brash heroes scorn blame. Hearts simmer blame; sorrow lodges everywhere. Such bliss, such grace—this song voices the heart. 'How Alien the Soil'
96
神龜雖壽，猶有竟時。 騰蛇乘霧，終為土灰。 驥老伏櫪，志在千里。 烈士暮年，壯心不已。 盈縮之期，不但在天。 養怡之福，可得永年。 幸甚至哉，歌以詠志。 《龜雖壽》
Even sacred tortoises end. Flying serpents ride mist yet turn to dust. Old stallions in their stalls keep hearts on distant roads. Heroes in evening years still burn undimmed. Life's span rests not on heaven alone. Guarding quiet joy wins long life. Such bliss, such grace—this song voices the heart. 'Though Turtles Live Long'
97
淮南王篇
Song of the Prince of Huainan
98
淮南王，自言尊，百尺高樓與天連。 後園鑿井銀作床，金瓶素綆汲寒漿。 汲寒漿，飲少年，少年窈窕何能賢。 揚聲悲歌音絕天。 我欲渡河河無梁，願作雙黃鵠，還故鄉。 還故鄉，入故里，徘徊故鄉，若身不已。 繁舞奇歌無不泰，徘徊桑梓遊天外。
The prince of Huainan styled himself supreme; his tower climbed skyward. His rear garden well sported silver decking; golden jars on pale cords drew icy water. They drew chill liquor for fair youths—graceful boys praised as sages. Their mournful voices tore the clouds. I long to ford yet find no bridge; I would turn paired swans and fly home. Home again, lane again—yet roaming never ends. Wild dances and shrill songs knew no restraint; they drifted past heaven itself.
99
鼓角橫吹曲。 鼓，案《周禮》「以ＧＷ鼓鼓軍事」。 角，說者雲，蚩尤氏帥魑魅與黃帝戰于涿鹿，帝乃始命吹角為龍鳴以禦之。 其後魏武北征烏丸，越沙漠而軍士思歸，於是減為中鳴，而尤更悲矣。
Music of drums and horns on the crossroads breeze. The Zhou canon pairs thunder-drums with warfare. Legend says Chiyou led spirits against the Yellow Emperor at Zhuolu, so the emperor mimicked dragons with horns. When Cao Cao marched against the Wuhuan across sand, homesick troops cut the call to mid-register, yet it grew sadder.
100
胡角者，本以應胡笳之聲，後漸用之橫吹，有雙角，即胡樂也。 張博望入西域，傳其法於西京，惟得《摩訶兜勒》一曲。 李延年因胡曲更造新聲二十八解，乘輿以為武樂。 後漢以給邊將，和帝時，萬人將軍得用之。 魏晉以來，二十八解不復具存，用者有《黃鵠》、《隴頭》、《出關》、《入關》、《出塞》、《入塞》、《折楊柳》、《黃覃子》、《赤之楊》、《望行人》十曲。
Frontier horns matched reed pipes, then joined crosswind ensembles—paired pipes meant Hu tunes. Zhang Qian brought its method west but brought back only the 《Mahā-dūra》 tune. Li Yannian reworked Hu songs into twenty-eight suites for imperial martial performance. Later Han gave them to frontier commanders; under Emperor He only hosts above ten thousand might play them. After Wei and Jin only ten suites survived from twenty-eight: 《Yellow Swan》 through 《Watching Travelers》.
101
案魏晉之世，有孫氏善弘舊曲，宋識善擊節唱和，陳左善清歌，列和善吹笛，郝索善彈箏，硃生善琵琶，尤發新聲。 故傅玄著書曰：「人若欽所聞而忽所見，不亦惑乎？ 設此六人生於上世，越今古而無儷，何但夔牙同契哉！」 案此說，則自茲以後，皆孫硃等之遺則也。
Wei-Jin courts knew Sun's old tunes, Song Shi's beat, Chen Zuo's voice, Lie He's flute, Hao Suo's zheng, Zhu Sheng's pipa—each birthing fresh sound. Fu Xuan wrote: favoring rumor over sight is folly. Had those six lived in high antiquity they would dwarf every age—far beyond matching Kui or Boya. Hence later musicians walked Sun and Zhu's path.
102
相和，漢舊歌也，絲竹更相和，執節者歌。 本一部，魏明帝分為二，更遞夜宿。 本十七曲，硃生、宋職、列和等復合之為十三曲。
Antiphonal song was Han tradition: strings and winds answered while the director sang. One ensemble became two under Mingdi, alternating night watches. Seventeen songs shrank to thirteen when Zhu Sheng, Song Zhi, and Lie He merged them.
103
但歌，四曲，出自漢世。 無弦節，作伎最先唱，一人唱，三人和。 魏武帝尤好之。 時有宋容華者，清澈好聲，善唱此曲，當時之特妙。 自晉以來不復傳，遂絕。
Bare voice songs—four pieces—came from Han. No strings keep time: a lead voice opens and three answer. Cao Cao adored them. Song Ronghua sang them with crystalline beauty—the marvel of her day. Jin lost the tradition and it died.
104
凡樂章古辭，今之存者，並漢世街陌謠謳，《江南可採蓮》、《烏生十五子》、《白頭吟》之屬也。 吳歌雜曲並出江南，東晉以來，稍有增廣。
Surviving lyrics are Han street songs like 《Lotus Picking in the South》. Wu songs rose from the Jiangnan; Eastern Jin widened the set.
105
《子夜歌》者，女子名子夜，造此聲。 孝武太元中，琅邪王軻之家有鬼歌《子夜》，則子夜是此時以前人也。
The 《Midnight Song》 came from a woman called Ziye. A ghost sang 《Midnight》 in Wang Ke's house under Xiaowu, so Ziye lived earlier.
106
《鳳將雛歌》者，舊曲也。 應璩《百一詩》云「言是《鳳將雛》」，然則其來久矣。 《前溪歌》者，車騎將軍沈充所制。
《Phoenix Tending Its Chicks》 is an ancient tune. Ying Qu's verse names it, proof of great age. General Shen Chong wrote 《Front Brook》.
107
《阿子》及《歡聞歌》者，穆帝升平初，歌畢輒呼「阿子，汝聞不？」 語在《五行志》。 後人衍其聲，以為此二曲。
《Ah, Lad》 and 《Heard Joy》: after Mu-era songs someone shouted 'Child, did you hear?' The tale sits in the Five Phases treatise. People spun new lyrics from that shout.
108
《團扇歌》者，中書令王瑉與嫂婢有情，愛好甚篤，嫂捶撻婢過苦，婢素善歌，而瑉好捉白團扇，故制此歌。
Wang Min loved his sister-in-law's maid; she sang while he flourished a white fan—hence the 《Round Fan》 ballad.
109
《懊憹歌》者，隆安初俗聞訛謠之曲，語在《五行志》。
The 《Chagrin》 tune arose from Long'an gossip recorded in the Five Phases treatise.
110
《長史變》者，司徒左長史王廞臨敗所制。
Wang Yin composed 《Registrar's Lament》 on the eve of ruin.
111
凡此諸曲，始皆徒歌，即而被之管弦。 又有因絲竹金石，造歌以被之，魏世三調歌辭之類是也。
They began as plain voice, then gained accompaniment. Wei-period triple-mode lyrics dressed instrumental suites.
112
《杯柈舞》，案太康中天下為《晉世寧舞》，務手以接杯柈反覆之。 此則漢世惟有
Taikang revelers juggled cups and trays to the 《Jin at Peace》 tune. The Han tradition knew only
113
柈舞，而晉加之以杯，反覆之也。
tray juggling until Jin added cups and flips.
114
《公莫舞》，今之《巾舞》也。 相傳云項莊劍舞，項伯以袖隔之，使不得害漢高祖，且語項莊云「公莫」！ 古人相呼曰公，言公莫害漢王也。 今之用巾蓋像項伯衣袖之遺式。 然案《琴操》有《公莫渡河曲》，然則其聲所從來已久，俗雲項伯，非也。
《Lord, Stay Your Hand》 became today's scarf dance. Legend has Xiang Zhuang feinting at Gaozu until Xiang Bo blocked with his sleeve. Men cried 'sir, spare the king of Han.' Kerchiefs echo Xiang Bo's lifted sleeve. Yet 《Qin Cao》 already lists 《Lord, Cross Not the River》—older than Xiang Bo.
115
《白糸寧舞》，案舞辭有巾袍之言。 糸甯本吳地所出，宜是吳舞也。 晉《俳歌》又云：「皎皎白緒，節節為雙。」 吳音呼緒為糸甯，疑白糸甯即白緒也。
《White Ramie》 lyrics mention scarves and robes. White ramie cloth comes from Wu—likely a Wu dance. Jin's comic lyrics sing 'gleaming white threads paired each knot.' Wu speech turns 'threads' into 'ramie'—probably the same cloth.
116
《鐸舞歌》一篇，《幡舞歌》一篇，《鼓舞伎》六曲，並陳於元會。
Bell dance, banner dance, six drum acts—all appeared at New Year.
117
後漢正旦，天子臨德陽殿受朝賀，舍利從西方來，戲於殿前，激水化成比目魚，跳躍嗽水，作霧翳日。 畢，又化成龍，長八九丈，出水遊戲，炫耀日光。 以兩大絲繩系兩柱頭，相去數丈，兩倡女對舞，行於繩上，相逢切肩而不傾。 魏晉訖江左，猶有《夏育扛鼎》、《巨象行乳》、《神龜抃舞》、《背負靈嶽》、《桂樹白雪》、《畫地成川》之樂。
Han New Year brought western relic tricks—sprayed water turned to fish that leaped through mist. Then spray became dragons eighty feet long sporting in sunlight. Tightrope dancers met midair on twin ropes. Wei-Jin courts kept acts like Yu hoisting cauldrons or painting rivers on dust.
118
成帝咸康七年，尚書蔡謨奏：「八年正會儀注，惟作鼓吹鐘鼓，其餘伎樂盡不作。」 侍中張澄、給事黃門侍郎陳逵駁，以為「王者觀時設教，至於吉凶殊斷，不易之道也。 今四方觀禮，陵有儐吊之位，庭奏宮懸之樂，二禮兼用，哀樂不分，體國經制，莫大於此」。 詔曰：「今既以天下體大，禮從權宜，三正之饗，宜盡用吉禮也。 至娛耳目之樂，所不忍聞，故闕之耳。 事之大者，不過上壽酒，稱萬歲，已許其大，不足復闕鐘鼓鼓吹也。」
In Xianhe 7 Cai Mo asked to strip the gala to drums alone. Zhang Cheng and Chen Kui argued kings tune ritual to the times. Guests saw mourning at tombs yet heard banquet music—no line between grief and joy. The throne answered: grand occasions warrant festive rite. Ear candy may shame the throne, so cut novelties. Yet toasting long life already honors the court—need not silence drums.
119
澄、逵又啟：「今大禮雖降，事吉於朝。 然儐吊顯於園陵，則未滅有哀； 禮服定于典文，義無盡吉。 是以咸寧之會，有撤樂之典，實先朝稽古憲章，垂式萬世者也。」 詔曰：「若元日大饗，萬國朝宗，庭廢鐘鼓之奏，遂闕起居之節，朝無磬制之音，賓無蹈履之度，其於事義，不亦闕乎！ 惟可量輕重，以制事中。」
They replied: morning court stays joyous. But imperial tombs still host lament— canonical dress codes never turn wholly festive. Hence the Xianning assembly established the rule of stripping spectacle music: an archaic precedent meant to bind every future reign. The throne answered: cancel drums at the New Year audience and you lose every ceremonial beat—how could that honor the gathering? Balance solemnity against joy and fix what mid-course ritual demands."
120
散騎侍郎顧臻表曰：「臣聞聖王制樂，讚揚政道，養以仁義，防其淫佚，上享宗廟，下訓黎元，體五行之正音，協八風以陶物。 宮聲正方而好義，角聲堅齊而率禮，弦歌鐘鼓金石之作備矣。 故通神至化，有率舞之感，移風易俗，致和樂之極。 末世之伎，設禮外之觀，逆行連倒，頭足入筥之屬，皮膚外剝，肝心內摧，敦彼行葦，猶謂勿踐，矧伊生靈，而不側愴。 加四海朝覲，言觀帝庭，耳聆《雅》《頌》之聲，目睹威儀之序，足以蹋天，頭以履地，反天地之至順，傷彝倫之大方。 今夷狄對岸，外禦為急，兵食七升，忘身赴難，過泰之戲，日廩五斗。 方掃神州，經略中甸，若此之事，不可示遠。 宜下太常，纂備雅樂，簫《韶》九成，惟新于盛運，功德頌聲，永著于來葉，此乃所以'燕及皇天，克昌厥後'者也。 諸伎而傷人者，皆宜除之。 流簡儉之德，邁康哉之詠，清風既行，下應如草，此之謂也。 愚管之誠，惟垂采察！」 於是除《高絙》、《紫鹿》、《跂行》、《鱉食》及《齊王卷衣》、《笮兒》等樂，又減其廩。 其後復《高絙》、《紫鹿》焉。
Gu Zhen argued that wise rulers tuned music to politics—feeding ritual with benevolence, defending against decadence, linking temple and folk, matching the five notes and eight winds. The gong pitch stays upright and just; the jue pitch cuts clean and keeps ceremony—so strings, voices, and percussion complete the spectrum. Thus the gods respond and transformation runs deep—dance arises naturally and manners change until music touches perfection. Late-age acrobatics staged freak shows beyond ritual—inverted capers, bodies folded into baskets—tearing flesh and hearts while even roadside reeds were spared; could sovereigns stomach cruelty to living beings? Foreign lords hear classical hymns yet watch freakish tumblers—feet stamping heaven, crowns grinding earth—inverting cosmic order and insulting every moral bond. While barbarians mass beyond the stream, troops scrape by on seven sheng rations and hazard their lives, court jesters still swallow five dou a day for decadent plays. With the interior still unsettled, these displays cannot face foreign eyes. Order the ministry to restore ya orchestra and nine-fold 《Shao》, tying glory to heaven so merit songs endure—fulfilling the ode's pledge to feast heaven and bless heirs. Ban every stunt that breaks human bodies. Spread austere simplicity and the praise “How vast!”; when purity moves, the people bow like grass. My humble pipe speaks plainly—may the throne deign to read it." The court then banned rope-walking, deer dances, stilt gaits, turtle tricks, the Qi prince skit, and the bamboo-boy show, slashing those troupes' rations. Eventually the rope act and purple deer dance returned.