1
桓彝 〈（子云云弟豁豁子石虔虔子振虔弟石秀石民石生石綏石康豁弟秘秘弟衝衝子嗣嗣子胤嗣弟謙謙弟修徐甯）〉
Huan Yi His son was Yun; Yun's younger brother was Huo. Huo's son was Shiqian; Shiqian's son was Zhen; Shiqian's brothers included Shi Xiu, Shi Min, Shi Sheng, Shi Sui, and Shi Kang. Huo's younger brother was Mi; Mi's younger brother was Chong. Chong's son was Si; Si's son was Yin; Si's younger brother was Qian; Qian's younger brother was Xiu. The appendix also lists Xu and Ning.〉
2
桓彝，字茂倫，譙國龍亢人，漢五更榮之九世孫也。 父顥，官至郎中。 彝少孤貧，雖簞瓢，處之晏如。 性通朗，早獲盛名。 有人倫識鑒，拔才取士，或出於無聞，或得之孩抱，時人方之許、郭。 少與庾亮深交，雅為周顗所重。 顗嘗歎曰：「茂倫嶔崎曆落，固可笑人也。」 起家州主簿。 赴齊王冏義，拜騎都尉。 元帝為安東將軍，版行逡遒令。 尋辟丞相中兵屬，累遷中書郎、尚書吏部郎，名顯朝廷。
Huan Yi, whose courtesy name was Maolun, came from Longkang in Qiao commandery. He was the ninth-generation descendant of Rong, who had held the prestigious Five Elders advisory rank under the Han. His father, Hao, reached the rank of langzhong (gentleman of the palace). Orphaned while still young and raised in want, he endured the plainest poverty yet remained unruffled and at ease. Open-minded and quick-witted, he earned wide renown while still young. He had a gift for reading character and spotting ability, elevating men from obscurity—or discerning merit when they were still children—so contemporaries likened him to Xu Shao and Guo Tai. As a young man he was close to Yu Liang and highly regarded by Zhou Yi. Zhou Yi once remarked with a sigh, "Maolun is strikingly eccentric and altogether remarkable—the sort of man you cannot help but smile at." He began his career as recording clerk to the provincial governor. When Prince Qi Sima Jiong raised his loyal army, Huan Yi joined the cause and received appointment as cavalry commandant. While Yuan-di was General Who Guards the East, Huan Yi was given an interim patent appointment as magistrate of Qunqiu county. He was soon recruited as an aide in the central army bureau under the grand chancellor, then advanced step by step to palace gentleman of the secretariat and personnel secretary in the ministry of personnel, becoming a conspicuous figure at court.
3
于時王敦擅權，嫌忌士望，彝以疾去職。 嘗過輿縣，縣宰徐甯字安期，通朗博涉，彝遇之，欣然停留累日，結交而別。 先是，庾亮每屬彝覓一佳吏部，及至都，謂亮曰：「為卿得一吏部矣。」 亮問所在，彝曰：「人所應有而不必有，人所應無而不必無。 徐寧真海岱清士。」 因為敘之，即遷吏部郎，竟曆顯職。
Wang Dun then dominated the government and nursed suspicions toward respected scholar-officials, so Huan Yi stepped down on grounds of illness. On a journey through Yu county he encountered Magistrate Xu Ning (courtesy Anqi), whose breadth of learning matched his generous temper; Huan Yi happily stayed on for days, struck up a friendship, and only then departed. Yu Liang had long pressed Huan Yi to locate a truly fine officer for the ministry of personnel; upon arriving in the capital, Huan Yi announced, "I have found your man for the ministry." When Liang asked who it was, Huan Yi answered obliquely: "Men assume certain qualities ought always to be present, yet they need not be; they assume others ought never to appear, yet they may. Xu Ning is the very model of an upright scholar from the Hai-Dai region." Having laid out Xu Ning's qualifications, he secured Xu's promotion to gentleman of the ministry of personnel, after which Xu climbed steadily through high office.
4
明帝將伐王敦，拜彝散騎常侍，引參密謀。 及敦平，以功封萬寧縣男。 丹陽尹溫嶠上言：「宣城阻帶山川，頻經變亂，宜得望實居之，竊謂桓彝可充其選。」 帝手詔曰：「適得太真表如此。 今大事新定，朝廷須才，不有君子，其能國乎！ 方今外務差輕，欲停此事。」 彝上疏深自捴挹，內外之任並非所堪，但以墳柏在此郡，欲暫結名義，遂補彝宣城內史。 在郡有惠政，為百姓所懷。
Emperor Ming, preparing to move against Wang Dun, named Huan Yi regular attendant of scattered cavalry and pulled him into confidential planning. Once Wang Dun had been defeated, Huan Yi was ennobled as baron of Wanning county for his contributions. Wen Qiao, governor of Danyang, submitted a memorial arguing that Xuancheng's rugged terrain had made it a repeated cockpit of rebellion and that only a man of real stature could hold it—he nominated Huan Yi for the post. The emperor answered with an edict in his own brush: "Wen Qiao—Taizhen—has just sent me just such a recommendation. The realm is newly stabilized and the capital urgently needs capable men; without true gentlemen to serve it, how can there be a functioning government? Frontier duties are modest for now, so I prefer to defer acting on this proposal." Huan Yi answered with a memorial of earnest self-effacement, insisting that neither central nor regional office suited him and pleading that he wished only a nominal tie to Xuancheng where his ancestors were buried; the court nonetheless named him interior administrator of Xuancheng. There he governed with kindness and won the people's affection.
5
蘇峻之亂也，彝糾合義眾，欲赴朝廷。 其長史裨惠以郡兵寡弱，山人易擾，可案甲以須後舉。 彝厲色曰：「夫見無禮於其君者，若鷹鸇之逐鳥雀。 今社稷危逼，義無晏安。」 乃遣將軍硃綽討賊別帥於蕪湖，破之。 彝尋出石硊。 會朝廷遣將軍司馬流先據慈湖，為賊所破，遂長驅徑進。 彝以郡無堅城，遂退據廣德。 尋王師敗績，彝聞而慷慨流涕，進屯涇縣。 時州郡多遣使降峻，裨惠又勸彝偽與通和，以紓交至之禍。 彝曰：「吾受國厚恩，義在致死，焉能忍垢蒙辱與醜逆通問！ 如其不濟，此則命也。」 遣將軍俞縱守蘭石。 峻遣將韓晃攻之。 縱將敗，左右勸縱退軍。 縱曰：「吾受桓侯厚恩，本以死報。 吾之不可負桓侯，猶桓侯之不負國也。」 遂力戰而死。 晃因進軍攻彝。 彝固守經年，勢孤力屈。 賊曰：「彝若降者，當待以優禮。」 將士多勸彝偽降，更思後舉。 彝不從，辭氣壯烈，志節不撓。 城陷，為晃所害，年五十三。 時賊尚未平，諸子並流迸，宣城人紀世和率義故葬之。 賊平，追贈廷尉，諡曰簡。 咸安中，改贈太常。 俞縱亦以死節，追贈興古太守。
When Su Jun rose in revolt, Huan Yi gathered righteous volunteers and prepared to hurry toward the capital. Chief clerk Bei Hui warned that the county levy was too slight and the mountain population too volatile, urging them to hold their troops in check until a riper opportunity. Huan Yi answered sharply, "To witness treason against the sovereign and do nothing is like letting raptors tear at songbirds. The dynasty's altars are besieged; righteousness leaves no space for complacency." He sent General Zhu Chuo against an enemy column at Wuhu and broke it. Shortly afterward he moved his force toward Shigui. Meanwhile imperial troops had posted General Sima Liu at Cihu ahead of time; the rebels shattered Liu's line and swept ahead without pause. Seeing no strong walls in the commandery seat, Huan Yi fell back to Guangde. When word came that the royal army had been routed, he shed tears of outrage and pushed forward to encamp at Jing county. As prefectures across the region capitulated to Su Jun, Bei Hui once more urged a sham truce to spare them from attack on every side. Huan Yi replied, "The throne has treated me generously; honor demands I die in its service—I will not dirty myself bargaining with rebels. If we fail, let that be fate." He assigned General Yu Zong to defend Lanshi. Su Jun sent Han Huang to assault the position. With collapse imminent, Yu Zong's officers begged him to retreat. Yu Zong answered, "Marquis Huan showed me deep generosity; I meant from the first to repay him with my death. If I cannot betray him, it is because he would never betray the realm." He battled until he fell. Han Huang then advanced against Huan Yi himself. Huan Yi resisted for a year, but numbers dwindled and his resources ran dry. The rebels offered favorable terms should he capitulate. His commanders repeatedly pressed him to yield under false pretenses and plan a second rising. He would not hear of it; his tone stayed fierce and his principles unbroken. The walls were breached and Han Huang slew him; he was fifty-three years old. Because the rebellion continued, his sons were scattered abroad; Ji Shihe, a native of Xuancheng, gathered sympathetic locals and gave him burial. Once peace returned, the court posthumously named him minister of justice and gave him the epithet Jian ("direct"). Under Emperor Ai's Xian'an reign his posthumous office was raised to minister of ceremonies. Yu Zong was also rewarded posthumously—as grand administrator of Xinggu—for dying loyally in service.
6
初，彝與郭璞善，嘗令璞筮。 卦成，璞以手壞之。 彝問其故。 曰：「卦與吾同。 丈夫當此非命，如何！」 竟如其言。 有五子：溫、雲、豁、秘、沖。 溫別有傳。
Long before, Huan Yi had been close to the diviner Guo Pu and once requested a yarrow reading. When the stalks formed a pattern, Guo Pu swept them aside with his palm. Huan Yi demanded an explanation. Guo Pu said, "It mirrors my own fate. What can any stalwart do when heaven marks him for violent death!" Events unfolded exactly as he foretold. His sons were Wen, Yun, Huo, Mi, and Chong. Huan Wen receives his own biography elsewhere.
7
雲字雲子。 初為驃騎何充參軍、尚書郎，不拜。 襲爵萬寧男，歷位建武將軍、義成太守。 遭母憂去職。 葬畢，起為江州刺史，稱疾，廬於墓次。 詔書敦逼，固辭不行，服闋，然後蒞職。 加都督司豫二州軍事、領鎮蠻護軍、西陽太守、假節。 雲招集眾力，志在足兵，多所枉濫，眾皆嗟怨。 時溫執權，有司不敢彈劾。 升平四年卒，贈平南將軍，諡曰貞。 子序嗣，官至宣城內史。
Huan Yun bore the courtesy name Yunzi. He began as military aide to He Chong, general of swift cavalry, and was nominated gentleman clerk of the masters of writing but refused to assume the duty. He succeeded to the Wanning barony and later served as general who establishes might and governor of Yicheng. When his mother died he resigned to observe mourning. Once the funeral rites ended, the court summoned him as inspector of Jiang province, but he pleaded illness and lived in a hut at the graveside instead. Repeated edicts forced the issue, yet he held out until the mourning term closed, only then entering upon his duties. He was soon given joint command of Si and Yu provincial forces, serving concurrently as colonel who guards the Man peoples, governor of Xiyang, and credential-bearing officer. Huan Yun drafted manpower ruthlessly to fill his ranks, committing widespread abuses that drew bitter complaints from the people. With his brother Huan Wen controlling the court, no inspectorate dared bring charges. He died in the fourth year of Emperor Mu's Shengping era (360) and was canonized as general who pacifies the south with the epithet Zhen ("steadfast"). His heir Xu eventually became interior administrator of Xuancheng.
8
苻堅寇蜀，豁遣江夏相竺瑤距之。 廣漢太守趙長等戰死，瑤引軍退。 頃之，堅又寇涼州，弟沖遣輔國將軍硃序與豁子江州刺史石秀溯流就路，稟節度。 豁遣督護桓羆與序等遊軍沔漢，為涼州聲援。 俄而張天錫陷沒，詔遣中書郎王尋之詣豁，諮謀邊事。 豁表以梁州刺史毛憲祖監沔北軍事，兗州刺史硃序為南中郎將、監沔中軍事，鎮襄陽，以固北鄙。
Fu Jian's Former Qin armies thrust into Shu; Huan Huo dispatched Zhu Yao, administrator of Jiangxia, to block them. Zhao Chang of Guanghan and others perished on the field, forcing Zhu Yao to pull back. Soon Fu Jian turned against Liangzhou; Huan Chong—Huo's younger brother—sent Zhu Xu, general who supports the state, and Huo's son Shixiu, inspector of Jiang province, upriver on campaign under Huan Huo's overall command. Huan Huo also ordered Supervising Protector Huan Pi to lead Zhu Xu's columns on mobile operations along the Han River approaches, pinning enemy attention away from Liangzhou. When Zhang Tianxi's domain collapsed, the throne dispatched palace gentleman Wang Xunzhi to Huan Huo's headquarters for strategic talks. He recommended Mao Xianzu, inspector of Liangzhou, to oversee the defense north of the Han, while Zhu Xu, inspector of Yanzhou, should take title as south general of the household, command the middle Han sector from Xiangyang, and bolt the northern frontier.
9
太元初，遷征西大將軍、開府。 豁上疏固讓曰：「臣聞三台麗天，辰極以之增耀； 論道作弼，王猷以之時邕。 必將仰參神契，對揚成務，弘易簡以翼化，暢玄風于宗極。 故宜明揚仄陋，登庸賢俊，使版築有沖天之舉，渭濱無垂竿之逸。 用乃功濟蒼生，道光千載。 是以德非時望，成典所不虛授； 功微賞厚，賢達不以擬心。 臣實凡人，量無遠致，階藉門寵，遂叨非據。 進不能闡揚皇風，贊明其政道； 退不能宣力所蒞，混一華戎。 屍素積載，庸績莫紀。 是以敢冒成命，歸陳丹款。 伏願陛下回神玄覽，追收謬眷，則具瞻革望，臣知所免。」 竟不許。 及苻堅陷仇池，豁以新野太守吉挹行魏興太守、督護梁州五郡軍事，戍梁州。 堅陷涪城，梁州刺史楊亮、益州刺史周仲孫並委戍奔潰。 豁以威略不振，所在覆敗，又上疏陳謝，固辭，不拜開府。 尋卒，時年五十八。 贈司空，本官如故，諡曰敬。 贈錢五十萬，布五百匹，使者持節監護喪事。 豁時譽雖不及沖，而甚有器度。 但遇強寇，故功業不建。
Early in Emperor Xiaowu's Taiyuan era (376–396) he was elevated to general who conquers the west with authority to open his own bureau. In memorializing his refusal, Huan Huo invoked the classical image that the Three Platforms constellation ornaments the sky and magnifies the brilliance of the pole star. Those who expound the dao serve as the ruler's assistants and bring royal planning into timely harmony. They must align with heaven's subtle accord, answer the call of practical affairs, nurture transformation through ease and simplicity, and extend refined virtue from the supreme pivot. Thus the throne should raise men from lowly lanes and promote the worthy, so strivers from the mortarworks may rise to heaven-reaching deeds while no sage idles forever with a rod beside the Wei. Only then does achievement rescue the people and dynastic virtue shine across the ages. Rank is therefore never hollowly bestowed when virtue lacks the esteem of the age. Nor will the worthy abide lavish rewards for slight merit. Your servant is an ordinary man without far-reaching capacity who has climbed by family distinction into a post beyond his deserts. In high office I could not proclaim the transforming royal influence or clarify methods of governance. In the field I cannot wield the forces under my command or unite Chinese and frontier peoples. For years I have drawn salary without deed worthy of record. Thus I venture to decline this mandate and reveal the sincerity of my heart. May Your Majesty reconsider this misplaced favor, withdraw it, change what all beneath heaven expect, and grant your servant relief. The throne would not accept his resignation. After Fu Jian seized Qiuichi, Huan Huo named Ji Yi, grand administrator of Xinye, acting governor of Weixing and supervising protector over military affairs in five Liangzhou commanderies to hold the region. Fu Jian's next strike at Fucheng broke Yang Liang, inspector of Liangzhou, and Zhou Zhongsun, inspector of Yizhou; both bolted from their defenses. Ashamed that his prestige and strategy had failed and posts everywhere had collapsed, he again memorialized in apology and firmly declined to accept independent headquarters. He died not long after, aged fifty-eight. The court added posthumous minister of works to his titles, left his active commissions unchanged, and gave him the epithet Jing. The state furnished half a million in cash and five hundred bolts of cloth, and an accredited envoy oversaw the burial rites. Huan Huo never enjoyed quite the acclaim Huan Chong did, yet he carried himself with true magnanimity. Powerful foes blocked him at every turn, so his accomplishments never matched his talents.
10
初，豁聞符堅國中有謠云：「誰謂爾堅石打碎。」 有子二十人，皆以「石」為名以應之。 唯石虔、石秀、石民、石生、石綏、石康知名。
Long before, when word reached Huan Huo of a ditty circulating in Former Qin—mocking Fu Jian's name by threatening to "break stone"— he responded by naming twenty sons with "stone" in each name, as if answering prophecy. Only Shiqian, Shi Xiu, Shi Min, Shi Sheng, Shi Sui, and Shi Kang became household names.
11
石虔小字鎮惡。 有才幹，趫捷絕倫。 從父在荊州，於獵圍中見猛善被數箭而伏，諸督將素知其勇，戲令拔箭。 石虔因急往，拔得一箭，猛獸跳，石虔亦跳，高於獸身，猛獸伏，復拔一箭以歸。 從溫入關。 沖為苻健所圍，垂沒，石虔躍馬赴之，拔沖於數萬眾之中而還，莫敢抗者。 三軍歎息，威震敵人。 時有患虐疾者，謂曰「桓石虔來」以怖之，病者多愈，其見畏如此。
Huan Shiqian was known in boyhood as Zhen'e. He combined administrative talent with physical daring no one could match. During a hunt in Jingzhou he came upon a wounded beast pinned by arrows; officers who knew his daring teased him into stepping up to draw them out. He sprang in, yanked a shaft free, leaped above the lunging animal, then snatched a second arrow while it cowered and walked away unharmed. He marched with Huan Wen on the campaign into the Guanzhong heartland. When Former Qin's founding sovereign Fu Jiàn had Huan Chong hemmed in and all but lost, Shiqian charged through the packed ranks, snatched his uncle free, and galloped out untouched. Soldiers up and down the line murmured in wonder, and enemy troops trembled at the name. Parents scared malaria-stricken children by invoking Shiqian's name; patients often rallied, such terror did he inspire.
12
初，袁真以壽陽叛，石虔以甯遠將軍、南頓太守帥諸將攻之，克其南城。 又擊苻堅將王鑒於石橋，獲馬五百匹。 除竟陵太守，以父憂去職。 尋而苻堅又寇淮南，詔曰：「石虔文武器幹，禦戎有方。 古人絕哭，金革弗避，況在餘哀，豈得辭事！ 可授奮威將軍、南平太守。」 尋進冠軍將軍。 苻堅荊州刺史梁成、襄陽太守閻震率眾入寇竟陵，石虔與弟石民距之。 賊阻敖水，屯管城。 石虔設計夜渡水，既濟，賊始覺，力戰破之，進克管城，擒震，斬首七千級，俘獲萬人，馬數百匹，牛羊千頭，具裝鎧三百領。 成以輕騎走保襄陽。 石虔復領河東太守，進據樊城，逐堅兗州刺史張崇，納降二千家而還。 沖卒，石虔以冠軍將軍監豫州揚州五郡軍事、豫州刺史。 尋以母憂去職。 服闋，復本位。 久之，命移鎮馬頭，石虔求停曆陽，許之。
Yuan Zhen's revolt at Shouyang drew Shiqian, commanding distant-display general's rank and Nandun's governorship, who stormed and broke its southern defenses. At Stone Bridge he smashed Wang Jian's Former Qin column and took five hundred mounts. Named governor of Jingling, he stepped down when his father died. Another invasion from Fu Jian prompted an imperial rescript praising Shiqian's balanced talents and ordering him back to duty despite mourning: If ancient worthies could sheath grief when bronze drums called, how dare we linger in sorrow? Grant him general who rouses might and governor of Nanping." He was soon promoted to champion general. Liang Cheng and Yan Zhen, serving Fu Jian's Jingzhou command, drove toward Jingling until Shiqian and Shi Min barred their path. The enemy blocked the Ao River and fortified Guancheng. Shiqian slipped across under cover of darkness, struck before dawn, shattered their camp, seized Yan Zhen, and piled up thousands of captives, livestock, and armored kits. Liang Cheng bolted with his cavalry toward Xiangyang. Reinvested with Hedong's seal, he advanced on Fancheng, chased off Zhang Chong, absorbed two thousand surrendered families, and pulled back. After Huan Chong's death he took champion general's rank, oversaw five Yu-Yang commanderies, and assumed the Yu provincial inspectorate. He resigned again when his mother passed. After the three years' vigil he returned to his prior duties. Court orders moved his garrison to Matou, but he persuaded them to let him stay at Liyang instead.
13
太元十三年卒，追贈右將軍。 追論平閻震功，進爵作塘侯。 第五子誕嗣。 誕長兄洪，襄城太守。 洪弟振。
He died in 388 C.E. and was canonized as general of the right. A subsequent citation for the Yan Zhen campaign advanced his fief to marquis of Zuotang. The fifth son, Dan, succeeded him. Dan's oldest brother Hong governed Xiangcheng. Hong's next brother was Zhen.
14
振字道全。 少果銳，而無行。 玄為荊州，以振為揚武將軍、淮南太守。 轉江夏相，以凶橫見黜。 及玄之敗也，桓謙匿於沮中，振逃于華容之沮中。 玄先令將軍王稚徽戍巴陵，稚徽遣人報振云：「桓欽已克京邑，馮稚等復平尋陽，劉毅諸軍並敗于中路。」 振大喜。 時安帝在江陵，振乃聚黨數十人襲江陵。 比至城，有眾二百。 謙亦聚眾而出，遂陷江陵，迎帝於行宮。 振聞桓升死，大怒，將肆逆於帝，謙苦禁之，乃止。 遂命群臣，辭以楚祚不終，百姓之心復歸於晉，更奉進璽綬，以琅邪王領徐州刺史，振為都督八州、鎮西將軍、荊州刺史。 帝侍御左右，皆振之腹心，既而歎曰：「公昔早不用我，遂致此敗。 若使公在，我為前鋒，天下不足定。 今獨作此，安歸乎！」 遂肆意酒色，暴虐無道，多所殘害。
Huan Zhen styled himself Daoquan. Young Zhen was decisive and fierce yet morally reckless. Huan Xuan made him martial-display general and Huainan's governor while controlling Jingzhou. His vicious temper cost him the Jiangxia post. When Xuan fell, Qian vanished into the Ju backwaters and Zhen slipped into Huarong's marshes. Wang Zhihui, holding Baling for Xuan, sent a courier claiming that Huan Qin had seized the capital, Feng Zhi had recovered Xunyang, and Liu Yi's army had been shattered on the march. The fabrication threw Zhen into transports of joy. With the emperor lodged at Jiangling, Zhen struck with a handful of retainers. By the walls he had swelled to two hundred men. Qian emerged with reinforcements, the city fell, and they fetched Emperor An from his mobile court. News of Huan Sheng's death nearly drove Zhen to regicide before Qian wrestled him down. He assembled officials, proclaimed the revival of Jin legitimacy, handed seals to the Prince of Langye for Xu Province, and claimed eight-province command as western garrison general and Jing inspector. Every face around the emperor belonged to Zhen's clique; he groaned that Xuan should have trusted him earlier— with Zhen as spearhead they could have mastered the empire. Left solitary now, he saw no way forward." Thereafter he indulged every vice and butchered at whim.
15
振營於江津。 南陽太守魯宗之自襄陽破振將溫楷於柞溪，進屯紀南。 振聞楷敗，留其將馮該守營，自率眾與宗之大戰。 振勇冠三軍，眾莫能禦，宗之敗績。 振追奔，遇宗之單騎於道，弗之識也，乃問宗之所在。 紿曰：「已前走矣。」 宗之於是自後而退。 尋而劉毅等破馮該，平江陵。 振聞該敗，眾潰而走。 後與該子宏出自溳城，復襲江陵。 荊州刺史司馬休之奔襄陽，振自號荊州刺史。 建威將軍劉懷肅率甯遠將軍索邈，與振戰于沙橋。 振兵雖少，左右皆力戰，每一合，振輒瞋目奮擊，眾莫敢當。 振時醉，且中流矢，廣武將軍唐興臨陣斬之。
He pitched camp at the river crossing. Lu Zongzhi swept down from Xiangyang, broke Wen Kai at Zuoxi, and dug in at Jinan. Zhen detached Feng Gai to hold the lines while he threw his main force at Lu Zongzhi. Zhen fought like a demon until Zongzhi's line collapsed. Chasing stragglers, he crossed paths with Zongzhi—unrecognized—and demanded the governor's whereabouts. Zongzhi coolly pointed him forward. Thus Zongzhi escaped toward the rear. Liu Yi soon crushed Feng Gai and reclaimed Jiangling. Word of Feng Gai's ruin scattered Zhen's host. He resurfaced from Yuncheng with Hong and struck Jiangling once more. Sima Xiuzhi bolted for Xiangyang while Zhen styled himself Jing inspector. Liu Huaisu and Suo Miao met him at Sha Bridge. Even with few men he led furious charges that broke every opponent's nerve. Intoxicated and winged by a chance shaft, he died under Tang Xing's blade.
16
石秀，幼有令名，風韻秀徹，博涉君書尤善《老》《莊》。 常獨處一室，簡于應接，時人方之庾純。 甚為簡文帝所重。 豁為荊州，請為鷹揚將軍、竟陵太守，非其好也。 尋代叔父沖為甯遠將軍、江州刺史、領鎮蠻護軍、西陽太守，居尋陽。 性放曠，常弋釣林澤，不以榮爵嬰心。 善騎射，發則命中。 嘗從沖獵，登九井山，徒旅甚盛，觀者傾坐，石秀未嘗屬目，止嘯詠而已。 謝安嘗訪以世務，默然不答，安甚怪之。 他日，安以語其從弟嗣，嗣以問之，石秀曰：「世事此公所諳，吾又何言哉！」 在州五年，以疾去職。 年四十三卒於家，朝野悼惜之。 追贈後將軍，後改贈太常。 子稚玉嗣。 玄之篡也，以石秀一門之令，封稚玉為臨沅王。
Huan Shixiu was celebrated young for grace and intellect, steeped in all the masters yet fondest of Daoist classics. He lived quietly, seldom entertained, and men compared him to the recluse-official Yu Chun. Emperor Jianwen singled him out for favor. Huan Huo pressed on him hawk-display generalcy and Jingling's governorship—roles that ill suited his temperament. He later succeeded Huan Chong as distant-display general, Jiang inspector, Man-colonel, and Xiyang governor based at Xunyang. He roamed rivers and forests with bow and line, indifferent to titles. On horseback his arrows always found their mark. During a grand hunt on Mount Jiujing he ignored the spectacle and merely whistled poetry while others gawked. Xie An's questions on policy met stony silence—utterly baffling to the premier. When Si relayed the puzzle, Shixiu answered that Xie An already grasped worldly affairs and needed no lecture from him. Five years into his tenure illness became his excuse to withdraw. Death took him at forty-three to widespread lament. The court first titled him general of the rear, then upgraded the honor to minister of ceremonies. Zhiyu inherited the line. When Huan Xuan seized the throne he made Zhiyu prince of Lin'yuan, citing the family's virtue.
17
初，沖遣竟陵太守趙統伐襄陽。 至是，石民復遣兵助之。 尋而苻堅敗於淮肥，石民遣南陽太守高茂衙山陵。 時堅雖破敗，而慕容垂等復盛。 石民遣將軍晏謙伐弘農，賊東中郎將慕容夔降之。 始置湖陝二戍。 獲關中擔幢伎，以充太樂。 時苻堅子丕僭號于河北，謀襲洛陽。 石民遣將軍馮該討之，臨隈斬丕，及其左僕射王孚、吏部尚書苟操等，傳首京都。 而丁零翟遼復侵逼山陵，石民使河南太守馮遵討之。 時乞活黃淮自稱并州刺史，與遼共攻長社，眾數千人。 石民復遣南平太守郭銓、松滋太守王遐之擊淮，斬之，遼走河北。 以前後功，進左將軍。 卒，無子。
Huan Chong had once tasked Zhao Tong of Jingling with striking Xiangyang. Shi Min now poured additional forces into the same objective. Following Feishui, Shi Min detailed Gao Mao to shield the southern tombs. Former Qin collapsed yet Murong Chui's party flourished anew. Yan Qian's column into Hongnong won the capitulation of Murong Kui. He established frontier posts at Hu and Shan. Qin entertainers skilled at pole acts were pressed into the court orchestra. Fu Pi's rogue regime beyond the Yellow River eyed Luoyang next. Feng Gai cornered Pi at Linwei, removed Wang Fu, Gou Cao, and the rest, and shipped their heads east. Di Liao's Dingling riders threatened the mausolea until Feng Zun attacked them. Refugee commander Huang Huai claimed Bing inspectorate rank and joined Di Liao against Changshe with a few thousand followers. Guo Quan and Wang Xiazhi crushed Huang Huai and chased Di Liao north of the river. Those victories earned him general of the left. He left no sons when he died.
18
石生，隆安中以司徒左長史遷侍中，曆驃騎、太傅長史。 會稽世子元顯將伐桓玄，石生馳書報玄，玄甚德之。 及玄用事，以為前將軍、江州刺史。 尋卒於官。
Under Long'an he climbed from left senior clerk of the minister of works to palace attendant and steward under successive marshals and tutors. Foreseeing Yuan Xian's strike on Xuan, Shisheng raced a confidential note westward and earned Xuan's lifelong debt. Xuan repaid him with front general's rank and the Jiang inspectorate. He expired still holding those posts.
19
石綏，元顯時為司徒左長史。 玄用事，拜黃門郎、左衛將軍。 玄敗，石綏走江西塗中，聚眾攻曆陽，後為梁州刺史傅歆之所殺。
During Yuan Xian's power Shi Sui occupied the left senior clerkship at the ministry of education. Under Huan Xuan, Shi Sui became a palace gate attendant and commander of the left palace guard. Shi Sui bolted west of the river, raised rabble against Liyang, and died when Fu Xin struck him down.
20
石康，偏為玄所親愛，玄為荊州，以為振威將軍。 累遷荊州刺史。 討庾仄功，封武陵王，事具玄傳。
Huan Xuan favored Shi Kang and, ruling Jingzhou, named him general whose aura shakes the enemy. He advanced step by step to Jingzhou inspector. His share in suppressing Yu Ze brought the princedom of Wuling; the fuller story lives in Huan Xuans chapter.
21
秘字穆子。 少有才氣，不倫於俗。 初拜秘書郎，兄溫抑而不用。 久之，為輔國將軍、宣城內史。 時梁州刺史司馬勳叛入蜀，秘以本官監梁益二州征討軍事、假節。 勳平，還郡。 後為散騎常侍，徙中領軍。 孝武帝初即位，妖賊盧竦入宮，秘與左衛將軍殷康俱入擊之。 溫入朝，竊考竦事，收尚書陸始等，罹罪者甚眾。 秘亦免官，居於宛陵，每憤憤有不平之色。 溫疾篤，秘與溫子熙、濟等謀共廢沖。 沖密知之，不敢入。 頃溫氣絕，先遣力士拘錄熙、濟，而後臨喪。 秘於是廢棄，遂居於墓所，放志田園，好遊山水。 後起為散騎常侍，凡三表自陳。 詔曰：「秘受遇先朝。 是以延之。 而頻有讓表，以棲尚告誠，兼有疾疢，省用增歎。 可順其所執。」 秘素輕沖，沖時貴盛，秘恥常侍位卑，故不應朝命，與謝安書及詩十首，辭理可觀，其文多引簡文帝之眄遇。 先沖卒。 長子蔚，官至散騎常侍、遊擊將軍。 玄篡，以為醴陵王。
Huan Mi styled himself Muzi. Young Mi had flair and refused ordinary conformity. Huan Wen blocked his first nomination as imperial librarian. Years later he governed Xuancheng as supporting-state general. Sima Xuns invasion of Shu drew Mi into directing Liang-Yi campaigns under interim credentials. When the rebel collapsed Mi returned to Xuancheng. He moved up to scattered-cavalry attendant, then central guard commander. Lu Songs palace break-in sent Mi and Yin Kang charging in with the left guard. Huan Wens inquest into Lu Song ensnared Lu Shi and many others. Mi lost rank too and brooded at Waning. At Huan Wens deathbed Mi allied with Xi and Ji to oust Huan Chong. Chong heard rumors and stayed away. Chong had henchmen arrest Xi and Ji as soon as Huan Wen died, then approached the bier. Ruined, Mi retired among ancestral tombs, farmed, and wandered peaks and rivers. Recall as scattered-cavalry attendant met three refusal memorials. The throne noted Mis honors under the late emperor. So his tenure was prolonged. Repeated sick-bed pleas and vows of reclusion moved the emperor to sigh. Grant the retirement he seeks." Despising Chongs ascendancy and scorning the low rank of gentleman attendant, Mi shunned office and wrote Xie An verse invoking Emperor Jianwens patronage. He predeceased Chong. Eldest son Wei rose to scattered-cavalry attendant and irregular-assault general. Huan Xuan crowned Wei prince of Liling.
22
沖字幼子，溫諸弟中最淹識，有武幹，溫甚器之。 弱冠，太宰、武陵王晞辟，不就。 除鷹揚將軍、鎮蠻護軍、西陽太守。 從溫征伐有功，遷督荊州之南陽襄陽新野義陽順陽雍州之京兆揚州之義成七郡軍事、甯朔將軍、義成新野二郡太守，鎮襄陽。 又從溫破姚襄。 及虜周成，進號征虜將軍，賜爵豐城公。 尋遷振威將軍、江州刺史、領鎮蠻護軍、西陽譙二郡太守。 溫之破姚襄也，獲襄將張駿、楊凝等，徙于尋陽。 沖在江陵，未及之職，而駿率其徒五百人殺江州督護趙毗，掠武昌府庫，將妻子北叛。 沖遣將討獲之，遽還所鎮。
Huan Chong—Youzi—outclassed his brothers in learning and soldiery and won Huan Wens deepest confidence. Prince Xi of Wuling recruited him at twenty sui; he declined. He took hawk-display rank, Man-colonel, and Xiyang governorship. Field service won him pacify-the-north generalcy over seven border commanderies with twin seats at Yicheng and Xinye from Xiangyang. He marched with Wen against Yao Xiang and helped break him. Capturing Zhou Cheng earned conquer-the-barbarians generalcy and the Fengcheng ducal patent. He rotated into rousing-might generalcy and Jiang inspector while holding Man-colonel and dual Xiyang-Qiao seats. Zhang Jun and Yang Ning, Yao Xiangs officers, were resettled at Xunyang after Wens victory. Before Chong reached Jiangzhou, Zhang Jun slew protector Zhao Pi, emptied Wuchang stores, and fled north with families. Chongs pursuit forces retook Jun and he returned to post.
23
初，彝亡後，沖兄弟並少，家貧，母患，須羊以解，無由得之，溫乃以沖為質。 羊主甚富，言不欲為質，幸為養買德郎，買德郎，沖小字也。 及沖為江州，出射，羊主于堂邊看，沖識之，謂曰：「我買德也。」 遂厚報之。 頃之，進監江荊豫三州之六郡軍事、南中郎將、假節，州郡如故。
Impoverished orphans, the Huans could not buy healing mutton for their mother until Wen pawned young Chong. The rich shepherd refused collateral but offered to rear the boy nicknamed Maidelan, buyer of virtue. Years later, reviewing archery as Jiang inspector, he spotted the old breeder and called himself Maidelan. He settled that ancient debt with lavish gifts. Promotion followed to six-commandery command across Jiang-Jing-Yu as south general-of-the-household with credentials.
24
謝安以時望輔政，為群情所歸，沖懼逼，甯康三年，乃解揚州，自求外出。 桓氏党與以為非計，莫不扼腕苦諫，郗超亦深止之。 沖皆不納，處之澹然，不以為恨，忠言嘉謀，每盡心力。 於是改授都督徐兗豫青揚五州之六郡軍事、車騎將軍、徐州刺史，以北中郎府並中軍，鎮京口，假節。 又詔沖及謝安並加侍中，以甲杖五十人入殿。 時丹陽尹王蘊以後父之重昵于安，安意欲出蘊為方伯，乃復解沖徐州，直以車騎將軍都督豫江二州之六郡軍事，自京口遷鎮姑熟。
Fearing Xie Ans grip on court opinion in 375, Chong surrendered Yangzhou for a frontier command. Clan allies protested frantically; Xi Chao begged him to stay. He brushed objections aside without bitterness yet still heard honest advice. The court shifted him to Xuzhou chariot general commanding six northern commanderies from Jingkou with merged staffs. Both Chong and Xie An gained palace-attendant rank and fifty halberdiers in the halls. To ease Wang Yun outward Xie An peeled Xuzhou from Chong and parked him at Gushu over Yu-Jiang theaters.
25
既而苻堅寇涼州，沖遣宣城內史硃序、豫州刺史桓伊率眾向壽陽，淮南太守劉波泛舟淮泗，乘虛致討，以救涼州，乃表曰：
Facing Fu Jians Liangzhou thrust, Chong aimed Zhu Xu and Huan Yi at Shouyang while Liu Bo rowed the Huai-Si corridor—his memorial opened with
26
氐賊自並東胡，丑類實繁，而蜀漢寡弱，西涼無備，斯誠暴與疾顛，祇速其亡。 然而天未剿絕，屢為國患。 臣聞勝於無形，功立事表，伐謀之道，兵之上略。 況此賊陸梁，終必越逸。 北狄陵縱，常在秋冬。 今日月迅邁，高風行起，臣輒較量畿甸，守衛重復，又淮泗通流，長江如海，荊楚偏遠，密邇寇仇，方城、漢水無天險之實，而過備之重勢在西門。
the point that Former Qin Di hosts had absorbed eastern Hu allies while western sectors stayed weak—such rash violence would only hasten collapse. Heaven had not yet destroyed them, so they kept wounding the dynasty. He cited the adage that winning unseen—by ruining enemy plans—tops every military doctrine. Those raiders strutted and would inevitably spill from their own frontier. Steppe armies preferred autumn and winter campaigns. Days flew; northern gales rose; the capital redoubled its wards while Huai-Si stayed navigable and the Yangzi spread sea-wide—yet Jingzhou hugged the foe without Fangcheng-Han mountain armor, loading the western gate with burden.
27
臣雖凡庸，識乏武略，然猥荷重任，思在投袂。 請率所統，徑進南郡，與征西將軍臣豁參同謀猷。 賊若果驅犬羊，送死沔漢，庶仰憑正順，因致人利，一舉乘風，掃清氛穢，不復重勞王師，有事三秦，則先帝盛業永隆於聖世，宣武遺志無恨於在昔。 如其懾憚皇威，窺窬計屈，則觀兵伺釁，更議進取，振旅旋旆，遲速唯宜。 伏願陛下覽臣所陳，特垂聽許。
Though modest in talent he burned to roll up sleeves and strike. He volunteered to drive into Nanjun beside brother Huos western army. If Fu Jian hurled conscripts onto the Han corridor, Jin could smash them in one wind-borne stroke, easing court burdens and glorifying Gaozu and Xuans martial legacy in Guanzhong. If they shrank from striking, Jin could probe, wait, and choose pace freely. He begged the throne to approve the plan.
28
詔答曰：「丑類違天，比年縱肆，梁益不守，河西傾喪。 每惟宇內未一，憤歎盈懷。 將軍經略深長，思算重復，忠國之誠，形於義旨。 覽省未周，以感以慨。 寇雖乘間竊利，而以無道臨之，黷武窮凶，虐用其眾，滅亡之期，勢何得久！ 然備豫不虞，軍之善政。 輒詢於群後，敬從高算。 想與征西協參令圖，嘉謀遠猷，動靜以聞。」 會張天錫陷沒，於是罷兵。 俄而豁卒，遷都督江荊梁益寧交廣七州揚州之義成雍州之京兆司州之河東軍事、領護南蠻校尉、荊州刺史、持節，將軍、侍中如故。 又以其子嗣為江州刺史。 沖將之鎮，帝餞於西堂，賜錢五十萬。 又以酒三百四十石、牛五十頭犒賜文武。 謝安送至溧洲。
The court answered that Di rebels had torn through Liangzhou and the northwest. The emperor admitted rage at continued division. It praised Chongs layered strategy and fervent loyalty. Halfway through the sovereign was deeply moved. Tactical gains could not save a cruel, exhausted tyranny from swift doom. Guard against surprise remained wise soldiery. Ministers endorsed his calculus. He should align with Huo and report each move." Zhang Tianxis collapse shelved the attack. Huo death ballooned Chong into seven-province command with satellite theaters, southern-tribes colonelcy, and full Jingzhou powers. Son Si inherited the Jiangzhou inspectorate. The sovereign banqueted him in the west hall and gifted half a million cash. Three hundred forty shi of wine and fifty oxen fed civil and military aides. Xie An accompanied him downriver to Lizhou.
29
沖既到江陵，時苻堅強盛，沖欲移阻江南，乃上疏曰：「自中興以來，荊州所鎮，隨宜回轉。 臣亡兄溫以石季龍死，經略中原，因江陵路便，即而鎮之。 事與時遷，勢無常定。 且兵者詭道，示之以弱，今宜全重江南，輕戍江北。 南平孱陵縣界，地名上明，田土膏良，可以資業軍人。 在吳時樂鄉城以上四十餘里，北枕大江，西接三峽。 若狂狡送死，則舊郢以北堅壁不戰，接會濟江，路不雲遠，乘其疲墮，撲翦為易。 臣司存閫外，輒隨宜處分。」 於是移鎮上明，使冠軍將軍劉波守江陵，諮議參軍楊亮守江夏。 詔以荊州水旱饑荒，又沖新移草創，歲運米三十萬斛以供軍資，須年豐乃止。
From Jiangling, facing Fu Jians might, Chong argued for sliding the main defense south of the river: since Eastern Jins revival Jingzhou seats had shifted with circumstance. After Shi Hus death Huan Wen aimed at the interior and chose Jiangling for logistics. Circumstances—not maps—should dictate deployment. War rewards deceit; mass south of the Yangzi, screen lightly on the north shore. Shangming district in Chanling offered fertile ground to feed garrison farms. It sat forty li above old Wu Lexiang, backing the great river and opening toward the gorges. If enemy hosts hurled themselves north of Ying, Jin could refuse battle behind walls, cross downstream, and crush them fatigued. As frontier commander he claimed discretion to execute the shift. He moved HQ to Shangming, left Liu Bo at Jiangling, and Yang Liang at Jiangxia. The court shipped three hundred thousand hu yearly until famine eased and Chongs new base stabilized.
30
堅遣其將苻融寇樊、鄧，石越寇魯陽，姚萇寇南鄉，韋鐘寇魏興，所在陷沒。 沖遣江夏相劉奭、南中郎將硃序擊之，而奭畏懦不進，序又為賊所擒。 沖深自咎責，上疏送章節，請解職，不許。 遣左衛將軍張玄之詣沖諮謀軍事。 沖率前將軍劉波及兄子振威將軍石民、冠軍將軍石虔等伐苻堅，拔堅築陽。 攻武當，走堅兗州刺史張崇。 堅遣慕容垂、毛當寇鄧城，苻熙、石越寇新野。 沖既憚堅眾，又以疾疫，還鎮上明。 表以「夏口江沔衛要，密邇強寇，兄子石民堪居此任，輒版督荊江十郡軍事、振武將軍、襄城太守。 尋陽北接強蠻，西連荊郢，亦一任之要。 今府州既分，請以王薈補江州刺史」詔從之。 時薈始遭兄劭喪，將葬，辭不欲出。 於是衛將軍謝安更以中領軍謝輶代之。 沖聞之而怒，上疏以為輶文武無堪，求自領江州，帝許之。 沖使石虔伐堅襄陽太守閻震，擒之，及大小帥二十九人，送於京都，詔歸沖府。 以平震功，封次子謙宜陽侯。 堅使其將郝貴守襄陽，沖使揚威將軍硃綽討之，遂焚燒沔北田稻，拔六百餘戶而還。 又遣上庸太守郭寶伐堅魏興太守褚垣、上庸太守段方，並降之。 新城太守麹常遁走，三郡皆平。 詔賜錢百萬，袍表千端。
Fu Jian hurled Fu Rong, Shi Yue, Yao Chang, and Wei Zhong along separate axes; towns fell everywhere. Chongs riposte faltered: Liu Shi shrank from combat and Zhu Xu fell captive. Chong offered resignations the throne refused. Left guard commander Zhang Xuanzhi joined his council. Chong, Liu Bo, Shi Min, and Shi Qian retook Zhuyang from Fu Jian. At Wudang they routed Zhang Chongs Yanzhou column. Fu Jian answered with Murong Chui and Mao Dang at Dengcheng and Fu Xi plus Shi Yue at Xinye. Outnumbered and plague-struck, Chong pulled back to Shangming. He nominated nephew Shi Min for Xiakou command over ten Jing-Jiang counties as quell-might general and Xiangcheng governor. Xunyang likewise anchored barbarian-facing frontier with Jing-Ying ties. Splitting staff from province, he proposed Wang Hui for Jiangzhou and won approval." Wang Hui cited mourning and declined the tour. Guard general Xie An swapped in central-guard chief Xie You. Chong raged at Xie Yous mediocrity and demanded Jiangzhou himself—the emperor agreed. Shi Qian bagged Yan Zhen plus twenty-nine chiefs; the capital sent the prisoners back to Chongs staff. The Yan Zhen campaign earned his second son Qian the Yiyang county marquisate. Chong ordered Zhu Chuo to scour the northern Han paddies, torching Former Qin crops around Xiangyang and hauling off six hundred families. Guo Baos column forced Chu Yuan and Duan Fang to capitulate in Weixing and Shangyong. Qu Chang abandoned Xincheng, rounding out three recovered prefectures. The court rewarded him with a million cash and a thousand bolts of tribute silk.
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初，沖之西鎮，以賊寇方強，故移鎮上明，謂江東力弱，正可保固封疆，自守而已。 又以將相異宜，自以德望不逮謝安，故委之內相，而四方鎮捍，以為己任。 又與硃序款密。 俄而序沒於賊，沖深用愧惋。 既而苻堅盡國內侵，沖深以根本為慮，乃遣精銳三千來赴京都。 謝安謂三千人不足以為損益，而欲外示閒暇，聞軍在近，固不聽。 報云：「朝廷處分已定，兵革無闕，西籓宜以為防。」 時安已遣兄子玄及桓伊等諸軍，沖謂不足以為廢興，召佐吏，對之歎曰：「謝安乃有廟堂之量，不閑將略。 今大敵垂至，方游談不暇，雖遣諸不經事少年，眾又寡弱，天下事可知，吾其左衽矣！」 俄而聞堅破，大勳克舉，又知硃序因以得還，沖本疾病，加以慚恥，發病而卒，時年五十七。 贈太尉，本官如故，諡曰宣穆。 賻錢五十萬，布五百匹。
First deploying west he evacuated Jiangling for Shangming, judging the southeast able only to husband its frontiers. Yielding central policy to Xie An, he kept frontier defense as his own burden. He cultivated Zhu Xu as confidant. Zhu Xus capture mortified Chong. National mobilization by Fu Jian pushed Chong to rush three thousand elites eastward to shore up Jiankang. Xie An waved off the reinforcement as theatrics and barred their entry. His brush answered that the capital needed no soldiers—the west must guard itself." Meanwhile Xie An had sortied Xie Xuan and Huan Yi; Chong told staff An possessed cabinet breadth but no battlefield sense— with Fu Jian closing in and boys holding thin lines, Jin would submit to barbarian dress!" Feishi proved him wrong; shame atop chronic illness killed him at fifty-seven. The court canonized him grand commandant with epithet Xuannu. Half a million cash and five hundred bolts accompanied his bier.
32
沖性儉素，而謙虛愛士。 嘗浴後，其妻送以新衣，沖大怒，促令持去。 其妻復送之，而謂曰：「衣不經新，何緣得故！」 沖笑而服之。 命處士南陽劉鄰之為長史，鄰之不屈，親往迎之，禮之甚厚。 又辟處士長沙鄧粲為別駕，備禮盡恭。 粲感其好賢，乃起應命。 初，郗鑒、庾亮、庾翼臨終皆有表，樹置親戚，唯沖獨與謝安書云：「妙靈、靈寶尚小，亡兄寄託不終，以此為恨！」 言不及私，論者益嘉之。 及喪下江陵，士女老幼皆臨江瞻送，號哭盡哀。 後玄篡位，追贈太傅、宣城王。 有七子：嗣、謙、修、崇、弘、羨、怡。
Frugal and humble, he favored talented men. After a bath his wife offered fresh silks; he barked them away. She insisted garments must be worn new before they age." He laughed and donned them. He bowed to hermit Liu Linzhi as chief clerk, visiting him in person when refused. Changsha recluse Deng Can became aide on elaborate terms. Touched, Deng Can finally took office. Unlike peers who nepotized deathbed memos, Chong wrote Xie An only to lament unfinished duty toward infant nephews Miaoling and Lingbao." Public-minded grief won wider admiration. Jiangling lined the banks weeping as his catafalque passed. Huan Xuan later stacked grand tutor and Xuancheng princedom on his ghost. Seven sons: Si, Qian, Xiu, Chong, Hong, Xian, Yi.
33
嗣字恭祖。 少有清譽，與豁子石秀並為桓氏子侄之冠。 沖既代豁西鎮，詔以嗣督荊州之三郡豫州之四郡軍事、建威將軍、江州刺史。 蒞事簡約，修所住齋，應作版簷，嗣命以茅代之，版付船官。 轉西陽、襄城二郡太守，鎮夏口。 後領江夏相，卒官。 追贈南中郎將，諡曰靖。 子胤嗣。
Huan Si styled himself Gongzu. Young Si and Shixiu led the cousin generation in repute. Westward succession won Si three Jing and four Yu commanderies under establish-might rank and Jiang inspectorate. Building his yamen he swapped costly planks for thatch and recycled timber to the fleet. Dual Xiyang-Xiangcheng seats anchored Xiakou. He died holding Jiangxia administrator rank. Canonized south interior general with epithet Jing. Son Yin inherited.
34
胤字茂遠。 少有清操，雖奕世華貴，甚以恬退見稱。 初拜秘書丞，累遷中書郎、秘書監。 玄甚欽愛之，遷中書令。 玄篡位，為吏部尚書，隨玄西奔。 玄死，歸降。 詔曰：「夫善著則祚遠，勳彰故事殊。 以宣孟之忠，蒙後晉國； 子文之德，世嗣獲存。 故太尉沖，昔籓陝西，忠誠王室。 諸子染凶，自貽罪戮。 念沖遺勤，用忄妻于懷。 其孫胤宜見矜宥，以獎為善。 可特全生命，徙於新安。」 及東陽太守殷仲文、永嘉太守駱球等謀反，陰欲立胤為玄嗣，事覺，伏誅。
Huan Yin styled Maoyuan. Born to glittering rank he prized modest retirement. He climbed from library aide to secretariat gentleman and curator. Huan Xuan elevated him to chief palace secretary. Usurpation made him personnel minister accompanying Xuan west. He submitted after Xuans fall. The throne proclaimed that conspicuous virtue reshapes precedent— the loyalty of Zhao Dun won Later Jin state indulgence; Zi Wens mercy kept heirs alive across reigns. Grand Commandant Chong had guarded Shaanxi faithfully— yet sons stained themselves in rebellion and died for it— remembering his service still wrings Our heart. Grandson Yin deserves mercy to encourage good conduct. Spare Yin entirely and exile him to Xin'an." Later Yin Zhongwen and Luo Qiu schemed to crown Yin as Xuans successor; discovery meant execution.
35
謙字敬祖，詳正有器望。 初以父功封宜陽縣開國侯，累遷輔國將軍、吳國內史。 孫恩之亂，謙出奔無錫。 徵拜尚書，驃騎大將軍元顯引為諮議參軍，轉司馬。 元興初，朝廷將伐玄，以桓氏世在陝西，謙父沖有遺惠于荊楚，懼人情向背，乃用謙為持節、都督荊益甯梁四州諸軍事、西中郎將、荊州刺史、假節，以安荊楚。
Huan Qian—courtesy Jingzu—was precise, dignified, and commanding. His fathers honors opened Yiyang county marquisate; he rose to supporting-state general and Wu governor. Sun En drove him to shelter at Wuxi. Recall to the ministry paired him as Yuan Xians strategist and chief of staff. On the eve of war with Xuan the court named Qian four-province commander and Jing inspector to soothe old Huans retainers.
36
玄既用事，以謙為尚書左僕射，領吏部，加中軍將軍。 謙兄弟顯列，玄甚倚杖之，而內不能善也。 改封謙為甯都侯，拜尚書令，加散騎常侍。 遷侍中、衛將軍、開府、錄尚書事。 玄篡位，復領揚州刺史，本官如故，封新安王。
Xuan made him left vice-director of personnel with central-army rank. Xuan relied on the brothers yet nursed mistrust. Titles shifted to Ningdu marquis, minister of education, scattered-cavalry attendant. He climbed to palace attendant, guard general, independent bureau, and overseer of executive business. Usurpation brought Yangzhou inspectorate and Xin'an princedom atop prior posts.
37
及桓振作亂，謙保護乘輿，頗有功焉。 然而暗懦，尤不可以造事。 初，勸振率軍下戰，己守江陵。 振既輕謙用事，故不從。 及振敗，謙奔于姚興。 先是，譙縱稱籓于姚興，縱與盧循通使，潛相影響，乃表興請謙共順流東下。 興問謙，謙曰：「臣門著恩荊楚，從弟玄末雖篡位，皆是逼迫，人神所明。 今臣與縱東下，百姓自應駭動。」 興曰：「小水不容大舟，若縱才力足以濟事，亦不假君為鱗翼。 宜自求多福。」 遂遣之。 謙至蜀，欲虛懷引士，縱疑之，乃置謙于龍格，使人守之。 謙向諸弟泣曰：「姚主言神矣！」 後與縱引譙道福俱下，謙於道占募，百姓感沖遺惠，投者二萬人。 劉道規破謙，斬之。
Huan Zhens revolt saw Qian shielding the emperor with credit. Yet cowardice left him unfit to lead. He wanted Zhen to strike downstream while he guarded Jiangling. Zhen scorned his cousin and refused. Defeat sent Qian to Later Qins Yao Xing. Qiao Zong colluded with Lu Xun and asked Yao Xing to loan Qian for an eastern strike. Questioned by Yao Xing, Qian pleaded familys Jingzhou virtue and Xuans forced usurpation. Marching with Zong would panic the people." Yao Xing answered that petty streams cannot bear great hulls—if Zong could succeed alone Qian need not help. Seek fortune on your own." He let Qian go. In Shu Qian tried recruiting talent; Zong jailed him at Longge. He told brothers Yao Xings prophecy proved uncanny!" Eastward with Zong and Daofu he drafted soldiers; twenty thousand joined remembering Chong. Liu Daogui crushed and beheaded him.
38
修字承祖。 尚簡文帝女武昌公主，曆吏部郎，稍遷左衛將軍。 王恭將伐譙王尚之，先遣何澹之、孫無終向句容。 修以左衛領振武將軍，與輔國將軍陶無忌距之。 修次句容。 俄而恭敗，無終遣書求降。 修既旋軍，而楊佺期已至石頭，時朝廷無備，內外崩駭。 修進說曰：「殷、桓之下，專恃王恭，恭既破滅，莫不失色。 今若優詔用玄，玄必內喜，則能制仲堪、佺期，使並順命。」 朝廷納之。 以修為龍驤將軍、荊州刺史、假節，權領左衛文武之鎮。 又令劉牢之以千人送之。 轉仲堪為廣州。 修未及發，而玄等盟于尋陽，求誅牢之。 尚之並訴仲堪無罪，獨被降黜。 於是詔復仲堪荊州。 御史中丞江績奏修承受楊佺期之言，交通信命，宣傳不盡，以為身計，疑誤朝算，請收付廷尉。 特詔免官。 尋代王凝之為中護軍。 頃之，玄破仲堪、佺期，詔以修為征虜將軍、江州刺史。 尋復為中護軍。 玄執政，以修都督六州、右將軍、徐兗二州刺史、假節。 尋進撫軍將軍，加散騎常侍。 玄篡，以為撫軍大將軍，封安成王。 劉裕義旗起，斬之。
Huan Xiu styled Chengzu. Princess Wuchang wed him; he rose through personnel secretary to left guard general. Wang Gongs strike on Shangzhi opened with He Danzhi and Sun Wuzhong toward Jurong. Xiu led left guard and quell-might rank beside Tao Wuji to block them. He dug in at Jurong. Gongs fall brought Sun Wuzhongs surrender letters. Returning, Xiu found Yang Quanqi at Stone Castle while Jiankang panicked undefended. He argued Yin-Kuan factions banked on Wang Gong—Gongs death left them terrified— a gracious summons to Huan Xuan would delight him into restraining Yin Zhongkan and Yang Quanqi." The throne agreed. He took dragon-prancer rank, Jing inspectorate, credentials, and temporary left-guard command marching west. Liu Lao shepherded him with a thousand troops. Yin Zhongkan was rotated to Guangzhou. Before departure Xuan bonded at Xunyang to kill Liu Lao. Wang Shangzhi protested Zhongkans innocence amid penalties. Edict restored Zhongkan to Jingzhou. Jiang Ji impeached Xiu for colluding with Quanqi and twisting policy— a special rescript only cashiered him. He succeeded Wang Ningzhi as central-guard director. Xuan beat Yin and Yang; Xiu became conquer-barbarians general and Jiang inspector. He soon regained central guard. Xuan gave him six-province command, right general, Xu-Yan inspectorate. He advanced to nurture-army general plus scattered-cavalry attendant. Huan Xuan made him grand nurture-army general and prince of Ancheng. Liu Yus uprising cost him his head.
39
徐寧者，東海郯人也。 少知名，為輿縣令。 時廷尉桓彝稱有人倫鑒識，彝嘗去職，至廣陵尋親舊，還遇風，停浦中，累日憂悒，因上岸，見一室宇，有似廨署，訪之，雲是輿縣。 彝乃造之。 甯清惠博涉，相遇欣然，因留數夕。 彝大賞之，結交而別。 至都，謂庾亮曰：「吾為卿得一佳吏部郎。」 語在彝傳。 即遷吏部郎、左將軍、江州刺史，卒官。
Xu Ning came from Tan county in Donghai. Renowned young, he governed Yu county. Justice Huan Yi, stranded by weather near Yu county while visiting Guangling, spotted offices ashore and learned he had reached Xu Nings jurisdiction. Huan Yi went ashore to call. Xu Ning welcomed him with calm breadth and kept him days on end. Huan Yi left impressed and befriended. In the capital he told Yu Liang, I have found your ideal personnel officer." The tale is told under Huan Yis life. He rose to personnel gentleman, left general, and Jiang inspector, dying in harness.
40
史臣曰：醨風潛煽，醇源浸竭，遺道德於情性，顯忠信於名教。 首陽高節，求仁而得仁； 泗上微言，朝聞而夕死。 原軫免胄，懍然於往策； 季路絕纓，邈矣於前志。 況交霜雪於杪歲，晦風雨於將晨，喈響或以變其音，貞柯罕能全其性。 桓茂倫抱中和之氣，懷不撓之節，邁周庾之清塵，遵許郭之遐軌。 懼臨危於取免，知處死之為易，揚芬千載之上，淪骨九泉之下。 仁者之勇，不其然乎！ 至夫基構迭汙隆，龍蛇俱山澤，沖逡巡於內輔，豁陵厲於上游，虔振北門之威，秀坦西陽之務，外有捍城之用，裏無末大之嫌，求之名臣，抑亦可算。 而溫為亢極之資，玄遂履霜之業，是知敬仲之美不息檀台之亂，甯俞之忠無救弈棋之禍。 子文之不血食，悲夫！
The annalist laments a culture where thin custom supplants rich virtue and loyalty becomes mere slogan. Boyi-Shuqi purity sought humanity and won it; Confucius teaching by the Si promised joy even if life lasted only from dawn to dusk. Xi Chen bared his head in battle—ancient chronicles still thrill at it; Zilus mercy over fallen caps recalls ideals now distant. When winter and storm break even steadfast natures may falter. Huan Yi joined Zhou Yi and Yu Liangs clarity and rivaled Xu Shao and Guo Tais judgment. He chose an honorable death over craven life and still shines from the grave. That is the valor of a true humane man! Later Huans—Chong steady at court, Huo dominant upstream, Shiqian and kinsmen guarding frontiers, Shixiu easing Xiyang—served the state without overweening power: they rank as true statesmen. But Huan Wens overreach and Xuans usurpation show even Guan Zhong-class talent cannot stop structural collapse, nor Ning Wus faith avert political checkmate. To end with no heir to tend Zi Wens altar is tragedy enough.
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贊曰：矯矯宣城，貞心莫陵。 身隨露夭，名與雲興。 虔豁重世，沖秀雙美。 國賴忠臣，家推才子。 振武謙文，尋邑為群。 歸之篡亂，曷足以雲。
Elegy: proud Xuancheng lord, faith unshaken. Dust to dust, yet fame ascends like mist. Shiqian and Huo held generations; Chong and Shixiu twinned in talent. The realm leaned on their loyalty; the clan on their genius. Zhen, the martial Qian, and scribes of their circle soon filled the Xunyang camp. Their fall into rebellion hardly merits praise.