1
玄宗至道大聖大明孝皇帝諱隆基，睿宗第三子也，母曰昭成順聖皇后竇氏。 垂拱元年秋八月戊寅，生於東都。 性英斷多藝，尤知音律，善八分書。 儀範偉麗，有非常之表。
Xuanzong — Emperor Xuanzong, styled To-the-Way Great Sage Great Illustrious Filial, bore the taboo name Longji. He was Ruizong's third son; his mother was Empress Zhaocheng the Shunsheng of the Dou clan. In the eighth month of Chuigong 1, on wuyin, he was born at Luoyang. He was decisive and multitalented, especially in music, and wrote a fine clerical hand. His bearing was grand and imposing, with a presence beyond the ordinary.
2
三年閏七月丁卯，封楚王。 天授三年十月戊戌，出閣，開府置官屬，年始七歲。 朔望車騎至朝堂，金吾將軍武懿宗忌上嚴整，訶排儀仗，因欲折之。 上叱之曰：「吾家朝堂，干汝何事？ 敢迫吾騎從！」 則天聞而特加寵異之。 尋卻入閣。 長壽二年臘月丁卯，改封臨淄郡王。 聖歷元年，出閣，賜第於東都積善坊。 大足元年，從幸西京，賜宅於興慶坊。 長安中，歷右衛郎將、尚輦奉御。
In the intercalary seventh month of that year, on dingmao, he was made Prince of Chu. In the tenth month of Tianshou 3, on wuxu, he left the inner palace, opened a princely household with officials, and was only seven years old. On new and full moons his escort came to court; Wu Yizong of the golden guard, resenting the prince's discipline, shouted down his guard and tried to break his pride. The prince shouted back: "This is our house's court—what is it to you? How dare you harass my retinue! Zetian heard of it and singled him out for special favor. He soon returned to the inner palace. In the twelfth month of Changshou 2, on dingmao, he was made Prince of Linzi commandery. In Shenglì 1 he left the inner palace and was given a mansion in Luoyang's Jishan ward. In Dazu 1 he followed the court to Chang'an and received a mansion in Xingqing ward. During the Chang'an years he was right guard lieutenant and director of the imperial equipage.
3
神龍元年，遷衛尉少卿。 景龍二年四月，兼潞州別駕。 十二月，加銀青光祿大夫。 州境有黃龍白日升天。 嘗出畋，有紫雲在其上，後從者望而得之。 前後符瑞凡一十九事。 四年，中宗將祀南郊，來朝京師。 將行，使術士韓禮筮之，蓍一莖孑然獨立。 禮驚曰：「蓍立，奇瑞非常也，不可言。」 屬中宗末年，王室多故，上常陰引材力之士以自助。 上所居宅外有水池，浸溢頃餘，望氣者以為龍氣。 四年四月，中宗幸其第，因游其池，結彩為樓船，令巨象踏之。
In Shenlong 1 he became vice minister of the guard. In the fourth month of Jinglong 2 he became acting prefect of Lu Prefecture. In the twelfth month he received the silver-blue-glow grandee rank. In the prefecture a yellow dragon and a white sun were seen rising into the sky. Once on a hunt purple clouds hung over him, and those riding behind looked up and saw them. Such omens and portents totaled nineteen. In the fourth year he came to the capital as Zhongzong prepared to sacrifice at the southern suburb. Before leaving he had the diviner Han Li cast the yarrow; a single stalk stood upright. Li cried out in wonder: "A lone upright stalk—an omen beyond words; do not speak of it. In Zhongzong's last years the house was in turmoil, and the prince quietly gathered able men to strengthen his hand. A pool outside his mansion overflowed for some time; geomancers called it dragon vapor. In the fourth month Zhongzong visited his mansion and toured the pool, where silken tower-ships were rigged for great elephants to tread.
4
至六月，中宗暴崩，韋后臨朝稱制。 韋溫、宗楚客、紀處訥等謀傾宗社，以睿宗介弟之重，先謀不利。 道士馮道力、處士劉承祖皆善於占兆，詣上布誠款。 上所居里名隆慶，時人語訛以「隆」為「龍」； 韋庶人稱制，改元又為唐隆，皆符御名。 上益自負，乃與太平公主謀之，公主喜，以子崇簡從。 上乃與崇簡、朝邑尉劉幽求、長上折沖麻嗣宗、押萬騎果毅葛福順李仙鳧、寶昌寺僧普潤等定策誅之。 或曰：「先啟大王。」 上曰：「我拯社稷之危，赴君父之急，事成福歸於宗社，不成身死於忠孝，安可先請，憂怖大王乎！ 若請而從，是王與危事； 請而不從，則吾計失矣。」 遂以庚子夜率幽求等數十人自苑南入，總監鐘紹京又率丁匠百餘以從。 分遣萬騎往玄武門殺羽林將軍韋播、高嵩，持首而至，眾歡叫大集。 攻白獸、玄德等門，斬關而進，左萬騎自左入，右萬騎自右入，合於凌煙閣前。 時太極殿前有宿衛梓宮萬騎，聞噪聲，皆披甲應之。 韋庶人惶惑走入飛騎營，為亂兵所害。 於是分遣誅韋氏之黨，比明，內外討捕，皆斬之。 乃馳謁睿宗，謝不先啟請之罪。 睿宗遽前抱上而泣曰：「宗社禍難，由汝安定，神祇萬姓，賴汝之力也。」 拜殿中監、同中書門下三品，兼押左右萬騎，進封平王。
By the sixth month Zhongzong died suddenly and Empress Wei seized the regency. Wei Wen, Zong Chuke, Ji Chuna, and others plotted to overturn the throne; fearing Ruizong's standing as the emperor's brother, they moved against him first. The Daoist Feng Daoli and the recluse Liu Chengzu, both skilled diviners, came to the prince and pledged themselves. His ward was called Longqing; people punned the name into "dragon"; when Empress Wei ruled she renamed the era Tanglong—every sign matched his name. Growing bolder, he plotted with Princess Taiping; she was delighted and sent her son Chongjian to help. With Chongjian, Liu Youqiu, Ma Sizong, Ge Fushun, Li Xianfu, the monk Puyun, and others he fixed a plan to kill the Wei faction. Some urged: "Ask the Prince of Xiang first. The prince said: "I am saving the realm and rushing to my father's peril—success blesses the altars, failure is death in loyalty. How can I ask first and terrify the king? If he agrees, he is drawn into danger; if he refuses, our plan is ruined. On gengzi night he led Youqiu and dozens of men in from the south of the park; Zhong Shaojing of the works directorate brought more than a hundred craftsmen. Ten-thousand-cavalry detachments killed feathered-forest generals Wei Bo and Gao Song at the Xuanwu Gate and returned with their heads; the host roared and rallied. They stormed the White Beast and Mysterious Virtue gates, cut the bars, and burst in; left and right ten-thousand-cavalry columns met before the Tower of Lingyan. Guards of honor for the late emperor's bier stood before the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; hearing the clamor, they armed and answered. Empress Wei fled in panic into the flying-cavalry camp and was cut down by the mutineers. Parties were sent to slaughter the Wei faction; by dawn every pursuer inside and out had taken heads. He galloped to Ruizong and begged pardon for not having asked leave first. Ruizong ran to embrace him, weeping: "You have steadied the altars in calamity; gods and people rest on your strength. He was made director of palace workshops, third rank at the Secretariat Chancellery, commander of the left and right ten-thousand-cavalry, and Prince of Ping.
5
睿宗即位，與侍臣議立皇太子，僉曰：「除天下之禍者，享天下之福； 拯天下之危者，受天下之安。 平王有聖德，定天下，又聞成器已下咸有推讓，宜膺主鬯，以副群心。」 睿宗從之。 丙午，制曰：
When Ruizong ascended he asked his ministers about the crown prince; all said: "Who lifts the realm from disaster earns its blessing; who saves it from peril receives its peace. Prince Ping has sagely virtue and settled the realm; Chengqi and the younger princes are said to yield—he should bear the ancestral sacrifice and satisfy every heart. Ruizong agreed. On bingwu the throne issued an edict:
6
七月己巳，睿宗御承天門，皇太子詣朝堂受冊。 是日有景雲之瑞，改元為景雲，大赦天下。
On jisi of the seventh month Ruizong sat at the Gate of Accepting Heaven while the crown prince received investiture in the audience hall. That day auspicious clouds appeared; the era was renamed Jingyun and the realm received a general amnesty.
7
二年，又制曰：「惟天生丞人，牧以元後； 維皇立國，副以儲君。 將以保綏家邦，安固後嗣者也。 朕纂承洪業，欽奉寶圖，夜分不寢，日昃忘倦。 茫茫四海，懼一人之未周； 蒸蒸萬姓，恐一物之失所。 雖卿士竭誠，守宰宣化，緬懷庶域，仍未小康。 是以求下人之變風，遵先朝之故事。 皇太子基仁孝因心，溫恭成德，深達禮體，能辨皇猷，宜令監國，俾爾為政。 其六品以下除授及徒罪已下，並取基處分。」 先天元年延和元年六月，兇黨因術人聞睿宗曰：「據玄象，帝座及前星有災，皇太子合作天子，不合更居東宮矣。」 睿宗曰：「傳德避災，吾意決矣。」
In the second year another edict read: "Heaven begets the people and the sovereign tends them; the throne founds the state and sets an heir to assist. Thus the house is secured and the succession made firm. We have inherited the great enterprise and hold the imperial chart in awe; we sleep after midnight and forget rest at sundown. Across the vast seas we fear one man may go unreached; among the countless people we fear even one thing may be lost. Though ministers give all their loyalty and magistrates spread good rule, looking over the realm we are not yet at ease. Therefore we seek the people's voice and follow precedent of the former court. Crown Prince Ji is filial by nature, reverent in conduct, steeped in ritual, and clear in statecraft—let him oversee the realm and govern in our stead. Appointments through the sixth rank and penal cases through penal servitude shall all be decided by Ji. In the sixth month of Xiantian 1 plotters had diviners tell Ruizong: "The stars show calamity on the throne and the heir— the crown prince should become emperor and not remain in the eastern palace." Ruizong said: "To pass on virtue and flee disaster—my mind is made up." [End of edict.]
8
七月壬午，制曰：
On renwu of the seventh month the throne issued an edict:
9
上意惶懼，馳見叩頭，請所以傳位之旨。 睿宗曰：「吾因汝功業得宗社。 今帝座有眚，思欲遜避，唯聖德大勛，始轉禍為福。 易位於汝，吾知晚矣。」 上始居武德殿視事，三品以下除授及徒罪皆自決之。 開元元年先天二年七月三日，尚書左僕射竇懷貞、侍中岑羲、中書令蕭至忠崔湜、雍州長史李晉、左羽林大將軍常元楷、右羽林將軍李慈等與太平公主同謀，期以其月四日以羽林軍作亂。 上密知之，因以中旨告岐王範、薛王業、兵部尚書郭元振、將軍王毛仲，取閑廄馬及家人三百餘人，率太僕少卿李令問、王守一、內侍高力士、果毅李守德等親信十數人，出武德殿，入虔化門。 梟常元楷、李慈於北闕。 擒賈膺福、李猷於內客省以出。 執蕭至忠、岑羲於朝，皆斬之。 睿宗明日下詔曰：「朕將高居無為，自今軍國政刑一事已上，並取皇帝處分。」 上御承天門樓，下制曰：
The prince was terrified; he galloped in, kowtowed, and begged to know why the throne would abdicate. Ruizong said: "Through your merit I hold the altars. Now the throne bears a blemish in heaven; I mean to yield—only great virtue and merit can turn calamity to blessing. To place the throne in your hands—I know I am late. He then held court at Wude Hall and decided appointments through the third rank and all penal cases himself. On the third day of the seventh month of Xiantian 2—the first day of Kaiyuan—Dou Huaizhen, Cen Yi, Xiao Zhibo, Cui Shi, Li Jin, Chang Yuankai, Li Ci, and others joined Princess Taiping to plot a feathered-forest revolt for the fourth. Forewarned, he told Princes Fan and Ye, Guo Yuanzhen, and Wang Maozhong; with three hundred spare-stable horses and household troops he led Li Lingwen, Wang Shouyi, Gao Lishi, Li Shoude, and a dozen intimates out of Wude Hall through the Qianhua Gate. Chang Yuankai and Li Ci lost their heads at the northern gate. Jia Yingfu and Li You were seized in the inner guest office and dragged out. Xiao Zhibo and Cen Yi were seized at court and beheaded. Next day Ruizong decreed: "We shall dwell in nonaction; henceforth all military, state, penal, and civil affairs belong to the emperor. The emperor mounted the Tower of Accepting Heaven and proclaimed:
10
丁卯，崔湜、盧藏用除名，長流嶺表。 壬申，王琚為銀青光祿大夫、戶部尚書，封趙國公，實封三百戶； 姜皎銀青光祿大夫、工部尚書，封楚國公，實封五百戶； 李令問銀青光祿大夫、殿中監，實封三百戶； 王毛仲輔國大將軍、左武衛大將軍、檢校內外閑廊兼知監牧使、霍國公，實封五百戶； 王守一銀青光祿大夫、太常卿同正員，進封晉國公，實封五百戶：並賞其定策功。 琚、皎、令問固讓。 癸丑，中書侍郎陸象先為益州大都督府長史兼劍南道按察兵馬使，尚書左丞張說為檢校中書令。 甲戌，令毀天樞，取其銅鐵充軍國雜用。 庚辰，王琚為中書侍郎，加實封二百戶； 姜皎殿中監，仍充內外閑廄使，加實封二百戶； 李令問殿中少監、知尚食事，加實封二百戶。 己丑，周孝明高皇帝依舊追贈太原王，宜去帝號； 孝明皇后宜稱太原王妃； 昊陵、順陵並稱太原王及妃墓。
On dingmao Cui Shi and Lu Zangyong were dismissed and exiled to Lingnan. On renshen Wang Ju became silver-blue-glow grandee and minister of revenue, Duke of Zhao with three hundred households; Jiang Jiao minister of works and Duke of Chu with five hundred households; Li Lingwen director of palace workshops with three hundred households; Wang Maozhong auxiliary state grand general, left martial guard general, overseer of stud farms, Duke of Huo with five hundred households; Wang Shouyi acting grand master of splendid rites, advanced to Duke of Jin with five hundred households—all rewarded for the coup. Ju, Jiao, and Lingwen all declined firmly. On guichou Lu Xiangxian became Yizhou chief administrator and Jiannan inspection commissioner; Zhang Yue became acting secretariat director. On jiaxu he ordered the Heavenly Axis torn down and its metal cast for military use. On gengchen Wang Ju became secretariat vice director with two hundred added fief households; Jiang Jiao director of palace workshops and stud superintendent with two hundred added households; Li Lingwen vice director of palace workshops and overseer of imperial food with two hundred added households. On jichou the Zhou High Emperor Xiaoming was posthumously restored as Prince of Taiyuan and stripped of the imperial title; Empress Xiaoming was to be styled Princess of Taiyuan; Haoling and Shunling were renamed the tombs of the Prince of Taiyuan and consort.
11
八月壬辰，封州流人劉幽求為尚書左僕射、知軍國重事、徐國公，仍依舊實封七百戶。 制曰：「凡有刑人，國家常法。 掩骼埋胔，王者用心。 自今已後，輒有屠割刑人骨肉者，依法科殘害之罪。」
On renchen Liu Youqiu, exiled from Feng Prefecture, became left vice minister of state, in charge of weighty affairs, Duke of Xu, keeping his seven-hundred-household fief. An edict said: "Punishment is the state's constant law. To gather bones and bury flesh is the king's care. Henceforth whoever butchers or mutilates the flesh of the condemned shall be punished for cruel injury. [End of edict.]
12
九月，司空兼揚州大都督、宋王成器為太尉兼揚州大都督，益州大都督兼右金吾大將軍、申王成義為司徒兼益州大都督，單于大都護兼左金吾大將軍、邠王守禮為司空。 癸丑，封華嶽神為金天王。
In the ninth month Prince Chengqi of Song became grand mentor and Yangzhou governor; Prince Chengyi of Shen became minister of education and Yizhou governor; Prince Shouli of Bin became minister of works. On guichou the spirit of Mount Hua was enfeoffed as King of Metal Heaven.
13
九月丁卯，宋王成器為開府儀同三司，尚書左僕射劉幽求同中書門下三品，檢校中書令、燕國公張說為中書令，特進王仁皎為開府儀同三司。 己卯，宴王公百僚於承天門，令左右於樓下撒金錢，許中書門下五品已上官及諸司三品已上官爭拾之，仍賜物有差。 郭元振兼御史大夫。 丙戌，又置右御史臺。
On dingmao of the ninth month Prince Chengqi became commissioner equal to the Three Dukes; Liu Youqiu joined the third rank at the Secretariat Chancellery; Zhang Yue became secretariat director; Wang Renjiao became commissioner equal to the Three Dukes. On jimao he feasted princes and officials at the Gate of Accepting Heaven, showered gold from the tower for fifth-rank secretariat officials and third-rank ministry officials to scramble for, and gave graded gifts. Guo Yuanzhen became concurrent censor-in-chief. On bingxu the right censorate was restored.
14
冬十月甲申，幸新豐之溫湯。 癸卯，講武於驪山。 兵部尚書、代國公郭元振坐虧失軍容，配流新州； 給事中、攝太常少卿唐紹以軍禮有失，斬於纛下。 甲辰，畋獵於渭川。 同州刺史、梁國公姚元之為兵部尚書、同中書門下三品。 乙巳，至自溫湯。
In the tenth winter month, on jiashen, he went to the Xinfeng hot springs. On guimao he held a military review at Mount Li. Guo Yuanzhen, minister of war and Duke of Dai, was exiled to Xin Prefecture for dereliction in military appearance; Tang Shao, drafting attendant and acting vice director of court ceremonies, was beheaded beneath the banners for faults in military rites. On jiachen he hunted along the Wei. Yao Yuanzhi, Tongzhou prefect and Duke of Liang, became minister of war of third rank at the Secretariat Chancellery. On yisi he came back from the hot springs.
15
十一月乙丑，幽求兼知侍中。 戊子，上加尊號為開元神武皇帝。
On yichou Liu Youqiu became concurrent attendant-in-chief. On wuzi the emperor took the added title Martial Divine Emperor.
16
十二月庚寅朔，大赦天下，改元為開元，內外官賜勛一轉。 改尚書左、右僕射為左、右丞相，中書省為紫微省，門下省為黃門省，侍中為監。 雍州為京兆府，洛州為河南府，長史為尹，司馬為少尹。 國初以來宰相及食實封功臣子孫，一應沉翳未承恩者，令量才擢用。 開元元年十二月己亥，禁斷潑寒胡戲。 癸丑，尚書左丞相兼黃門監劉幽求為太子少保，罷知政事； 紫微令張說為相州刺史。 甲寅，門下侍郎盧懷慎同紫微黃門平章事。 開元二年二年春正月，關中自去秋至於是月不雨，人多饑乏，遣使賑給。 制求直諫昌言弘益政理者。 名山大川，並令祈祭。 丙寅，紫微令姚崇上言請檢責天下僧尼，以偽濫還俗者二萬餘人。 甲申，並州大都督府長史兼檢校左衛大將軍薛訥同紫微黃門三品，仍總兵以討奚、契丹。
On the gengyin new moon of the twelfth month the court proclaimed amnesty, renamed the era Kaiyuan, and granted officials one merit turn. Left and right vice ministers became left and right chancellors; the secretariat became the Purple Palace Office; the chancellery the Yellow Gate Office; attendant-in-chief became supervisor. Yong became Jingzhao metropolitan prefecture and Luoyang Henan metropolitan prefecture; chief administrators became prefects and assistants vice prefects. Descendants of founding chancellors and merit-fief holders long overlooked were ordered appointed by talent. On jihai of Kaiyuan 1 the Cold-Dispelling Hu play was banned. Liu Youqiu, left chancellor and yellow gate supervisor, became mentor of the heir apparent and left the council; Zhang Yue became prefect of Xiang Prefecture. On jiayin Lu Huaizhen joined the third rank at the Purple Palace and Yellow Gate Offices. In the first spring month of Kaiyuan 2 Guanzhong had had no rain since the previous autumn; famine spread and envoys were sent with relief. An edict called for frank remonstrance and counsel that would improve government. Sacrifices were ordered at famous mountains and great rivers. On bingyin Yao Chong asked to inspect monks and nuns empire-wide; more than twenty thousand false ordinations were laicized. On jiashen Xue Ne of Bingzhou joined the third rank at the Purple Palace and Yellow Gate Offices and still led troops against the Xi and Khitan.
17
二月，突厥默啜遣其子同俄特勤率眾寇北庭都護府，右驍衛將軍郭虔瓘擊敗之，斬同俄於城下。 己酉，以旱，親錄囚徒。 改太史監罷隸秘書省。
In the second month the Turk Mojilie sent his son Tong'e Tegin against the North Court; Guo Zhenzhen crushed them and beheaded Tong'e at the wall. On jiyou, in drought, he reviewed prisoners in person. The Directorate of Astronomy was reorganized and removed from the secretariat's oversight.
18
閏月癸亥，令道士、女冠、僧尼致拜父母。 丁卯，復置十道按察使。 己未，突厥默啜妹婿火拔頡利發石失畢與其妻來奔，封燕山郡王，授左衛員外大將軍。 紫微侍郎、趙國公王琚左授澤州刺史，賜實封一百戶，餘並停。 丁亥，劉幽求為睦州刺史。
On the guihai new moon of the intercalary month Daoists, nuns, monks, and nuns were ordered to bow to their parents. On dingmao the ten-circuit inspection commissioners were reinstated. On jiwei Huoba Telifa Shishi, Mojilie's brother-in-law, and his wife defected; he was made Prince of Yanshan and acting left guard assistant general. Wang Ju, purple palace vice director and Duke of Zhao, was demoted to Ze Prefecture with a hundred fief households; other rewards ceased. On dinghai Liu Youqiu was sent to Mu Prefecture.
19
三月甲辰，青州刺史、郇國公韋安石為沔州別駕； 太子賓客、逍遙公韋嗣立為岳州別駕； 特進致仕李嶠先隨子在袁州，又貶滁州別駕：並員外置。 去年九月有詔毀天樞，至今春始。
On jiachen Wei Anshi, Qingzhou prefect and Duke of Xun, became acting prefect of Mian; Wei Sili, heir apparent mentor and Duke of Xiaoyao, became acting prefect of Yue; Li Qiao, special advance in retirement, first exiled with his son to Yuan and then demoted to acting Chu prefect—all supernumerary posts. An edict to destroy the Heavenly Axis had come last autumn; work began only this spring.
20
夏五月辛亥，黃門監魏知古工部尚書，罷知政事。
In the fifth summer month, on xinhai, Wei Zhigu, yellow gate supervisor, became minister of works and left the council.
21
六月丁巳，開府儀同三司、宋王成器為岐州刺史，司徒、申王成義為豳州刺史，司空、邠王守禮為虢州刺史：委務於上佐。 內出珠玉錦繡等服玩，又令於正殿前焚之。 乙丑，兵部尚書致仕、韓國公張仁願卒。
On dingsi Princes Chengqi, Chengyi, and Shouli were sent to Qi, Bin, and Guo as nominal prefects and left governing to their aides. Pearls, jade, brocades, and palace finery were ordered burned before the main hall. On yichou Zhang Rengui, retired minister of war and Duke of Han, died.
22
七月，薛訥與副將杜賓客、崔宣道等總兵六萬自檀州道遇賊於灤河，為賊所敗。 訥等屏甲遁歸，減死，除名為庶人。 辛未，光祿卿竇希瑊為太子太傅。 房州刺史、襄王重茂薨於梁州，謚曰殤帝。 丙午，昭文館學士柳沖、太子左庶子劉子玄刊定《姓族系錄》二百卷，上之。 以興慶裏舊邸為興慶宮。 諸王傅並停。 京官所帶跨巾算袋，每朝參日著，外官衙日著，餘日停。 吐蕃寇臨洮軍，又游寇蘭州、渭州，掠群牧，起薛訥攝左羽林將軍、隴右防禦使，率杜賓客、郭知運、王晙、安思順以御之。 太常卿、岐王範為華州刺史，秘書監、薛王業為同州刺史。
In the seventh month Xue Ne and deputies Du Binke and Cui Xuandao led sixty thousand men on the Tanzhou route to the Luan River and were routed. Xue Ne and the rest shed armor and fled; death was commuted to removal from office and commoner status. On xinwei Dou Xixian became grand mentor of the heir apparent. Prince Chongmao of Xiang died at Liang; he was posthumously styled Emperor Shang. On bingwu Liu Chong and Liu Zixuan finished the two-hundred-juan Genealogies of Clans and presented them. His old mansion in Xingqing ward became Xingqing Palace. All princely tutors were abolished. Capital officials wore cross-sashes and tally-pouches on audience days, outer officials on yamen days, and neither on other days. Tibet raided Lintao and ranged through Lan and Wei, plundering herds; Xue Ne became acting left feathered-forest general and Longyou commissioner, leading Du Binke, Guo Zhiyun, Wang Jun, and An Sishun against them. Prince Fan of Qi became Hua prefect; Prince Ye of Xue became Tong prefect.
23
八月戊午，西天竺國遣使獻方物。
On wuwu western India sent tribute envoys.
24
九月戊申，幸新豐之溫泉。 甲寅，制曰：「自古帝王皆以厚葬為誡，以其無益亡者，有損生業故也。 近代以來，共行奢靡，遞相仿效，浸成風俗，既竭家產，多至凋弊。 然則魂魄歸天，明精誠之已遠； 卜宅於地，蓋思慕之所存。 古者不封，未為非達。 且墓為真宅，自便有房，今乃別造田園，名為下帳，又冥器等物，皆競驕侈。 失禮違令，殊非所宜； 戮尸暴骸，實由於此。 承前雖有約束，所司曾不申明，喪葬之家，無所依準。 宜令所司據品令高下，明為節制：冥器等物，仍定色數及長短大小； 園宅下帳，並宜禁絕； 墳墓塋域，務遵簡儉； 凡諸送終之具，並不得以金銀為飾。 如有違者，先決杖一百。 州縣長官不能舉察，並貶授遠官。」
On wushen of the ninth month he went to the Xinfeng hot springs. On jiayin an edict said: "Since antiquity sage kings have warned against lavish burial—it profits the dead nothing and harms the living. Lately extravagance spread by imitation until custom drained households and brought ruin. Yet the soul returns to heaven and the bright essence is far gone; choosing earth for a grave is only where longing remains. The ancients used no tumulus—that was not ignorance. The tomb is the true dwelling and already has chambers; now separate estates are built as "lower pavilions," and grave goods are rivaled in pride. This violates ritual and law and is unfitting; exposing corpses and scattering bones truly spring from this. Though restrictions existed before, offices never enforced them and mourners had no standard. Offices shall set clear limits by rank: grave goods shall have fixed colors, numbers, and dimensions; estate pavilions at the tomb are forbidden; tombs and grounds must stay simple; no funerary object may use gold or silver ornament. Violators shall first receive one hundred strokes. Magistrates who fail to investigate shall be demoted to distant posts. [End of edict.]
25
冬十月戊午，至自溫泉。 薛訥破吐蕃於渭州西界武階驛，斬首一萬七十級，馬七萬七匹，牛羊四萬頭。 豐安軍使郎將、判將軍王海賓先鋒力戰，死之。
In the tenth winter month, on wuwu, he came back from the hot springs. Xue Ne crushed Tibet west of Wei at Wujie post, taking ten thousand seven hundred heads, seventy-seven thousand horses, and forty thousand cattle and sheep. Wang Haibin, Feng'an commander and acting general, fought fiercely in the van and fell.
26
十一月庚寅，葬殤帝於武功西原。
On gengyin Emperor Shang was buried on Wugong's western plain.
27
十二月乙丑，封皇子嗣真為鄫王，嗣初為鄂王，嗣玄為鄄王。 時右威衛中郎將周慶立為安南市舶使，與波斯僧廣造奇巧，將以進內。 監選使、殿中侍御史柳澤上書諫，上嘉訥之。 開元三年三年春正月丁亥，立郢王嗣謙為皇太子，降死罪已下，大酺三日。 癸卯，黃門侍郎盧懷慎為檢校黃門監。 甲辰，工部尚書魏知古卒。
On yichou Princes Sizhen, Sichu, and Sixuan were made princes of Zeng, E, and Yan. Right valiant guard lieutenant Zhou Qingli, Annan maritime trade commissioner, and the Persian monk Guangzao devised curios for the inner palace. Selection supervisor Liu Ze remonstrated; the emperor praised his frankness. In the first spring month of Kaiyuan 3, on dinghai, Prince Siqian of Ying was made crown prince; capital crimes were commuted and the realm feasted three days. On guimao Lu Huaizhen became acting yellow gate supervisor. On jiachen Wei Zhigu, minister of works, died.
28
二月，禁斷天下採捕鯉魚。 十姓部落左廂五咄六啜、右廂五弩失畢五俟斤，及高麗莫離支高文簡、都督鳷跌思太等，各率其眾自突厥相繼來奔，前後總二千餘帳。 析許州、唐州置仙州。
In the second month carp fishing was banned empire-wide. The Ten Surnames' left and right wings, Goguryeo's Molichi Gao Wenjian, Tiele chief Zhediesi Tai, and others led more than two thousand tents to defect from the Turks in succession. Xu and Tang were split to establish Xian Prefecture.
29
夏四月，岐王範兼虢州刺史，薛王業兼幽州刺史。
In the fourth summer month Prince Fan became concurrent Guo prefect and Prince Ye concurrent You prefect.
30
六月，山東諸州大蝗，飛則蔽景，下則食苗稼，聲如風雨。 紫微令姚崇奏請差御史下諸道，促官吏遣人驅撲焚瘞，以救秋稼，從之。 是歲，田收有獲，人不甚饑。
In the sixth month locusts swarmed Shandong, blotting the sun, devouring the fields, roaring like wind and rain. Yao Chong asked censors sent to every circuit to drive, burn, and bury locusts and save the harvest; the throne agreed. That year the harvest held and famine was mild.
31
秋七月，刑部尚書李日知卒。
In the seventh month Li Rizhi, minister of punishments, died.
32
冬十月甲寅，制曰：「朕聽政之暇，常覽史籍，事關理道，實所留心，中有闕疑，時須質問。 宜選耆儒博學一人，每日入內侍讀。」 以光祿卿馬懷素為左散騎常侍，與右散騎常侍褚無量並充侍讀。 甲子，幸郿縣之鳳泉湯。
An edict said: "In leisure from government I read histories; matters of principle engage me, and doubts must be answered. One aged Confucian scholar was to enter daily to lecture at court. Ma Huaisu became left regular attendant and, with Chu Wuliang, served as court lecturers. On jiazi he went to the Fengquan hot springs in Mei County.
33
十一月已卯，至自鳳泉湯。 乙酉，幸新豐之溫湯。 丁亥，妖賊崔子巖等入相州作亂。 戊子，州司討平之。 甲午，至自溫湯。
On yimao he returned from Fengquan. On yiyou he went to the Xinfeng hot springs. On dinghai the sorcerer Cui Ziyan and others rebelled in Xiang Prefecture. On wuzi the prefectural forces put them down. On jiawu he came back from the hot springs.
34
十二月庚午，以軍器使為軍器監，置官員。 是冬無雪。 開元四年四年春正月癸未，尚衣奉御長孫昕恃以皇后妹婿，與其妹夫楊仙玉毆擊御史大夫李傑，上令朝堂斬昕以謝百官。 以陽和之月不可行刑，累表陳請，乃命杖殺之。 丁亥，宋王成器、申王成義以「成」字犯昭成皇后謚號，於是成器改名憲，成義改為捴。 刑部尚書、中山郡公李乂卒。
On gengwu the Armory Office became the Armory Directorate with a full staff. That winter no snow fell. In the first spring month, on guiwei of Kaiyuan 4, wardrobe attendant Changsun Xin—backed by his tie to the empress's sister—and Yang Xianyu, his brother-in-law, assaulted censor-in-chief Li Jie; the emperor ordered Xin executed in open court to appease the bureaucracy. Memorialists pleaded that yang-harmony month forbade killing; after repeated appeals the emperor commuted the sentence to beating Xin to death. On dinghai Princes Song and Shen, whose names bore the tabooed character cheng in Empress Zhaocheng's temple name, were renamed Xian and Suo. Li Yi, minister of punishments and Duke of Zhongshan, died.
35
二月丙辰，幸新豐之溫湯。 丁卯，至自溫湯。 以關中旱，遣使祈雨於驪山，應時澍雨。 令以少牢致祭，仍禁斷樵採。
In the second month, on bingchen, he went to the Xinfeng hot springs. On dingmao he returned from the springs. With Guanzhong in drought he sent envoys to pray for rain at Mount Li, and a timely downpour answered. He ordered lesser-victim offerings and banned woodcutting on the mountain.
36
夏六月庚寅，月蝕既。 癸亥，太上皇崩於百福殿。 辛未，京師、華、陜三州大風拔木。 癸酉，突厥可汗默啜為九姓拔曳固所殺，斬其首送於京師。 默啜兄子小殺繼立為可汗。 是夏，山東、河南、河北蝗蟲大起，遣使分捕而瘞之。 其回紇、同羅、霫、勃曳固、僕固五部落來附，於大武軍北安置。
In the sixth summer month, on gengyin, the moon suffered a total eclipse. On guihai the retired emperor Ruizong died in the Hall of Hundred Blessings. On xinwei gales in the capital and in Hua and Shan prefectures tore trees up by the roots. On guiyou the Turk qaghan Mochuo was slain by the Bayegu of the Nine Surnames, and his head was sent to court. Mochuo's nephew Xiaosha succeeded him as qaghan. That summer locusts ravaged Shandong, Henan, and Hebei; the court sent envoys to gather and bury them province by province. The Huihe, Tongluo, Xi, Bayegu, and Pugu submitted and were resettled north of Dawu Army.
37
秋七月丙申，分巂、雅二州置黎州。
In the seventh month, on bingshen, Li Prefecture was carved from Xi and Ya.
38
冬十月癸丑，戶部尚書、新除太子詹事畢構卒。 庚午，葬睿宗大聖貞皇帝於橋陵。 以同州蒲城縣為奉先縣，隸京兆府。
On guichou of the tenth winter month Bi Gou, minister of revenue and newly named tutor of the heir apparent, died. On gengwu Ruizong, the Great Sagely Pure Emperor, was interred at Qiao Mausoleum. Pucheng in Tong Prefecture became Fengxian County under Jingzhao.
39
十一月丁亥，徙中宗神主於西廟。 甲午，尚書左丞源乾曜為黃門侍郎、同紫微黃門平章事。 辛丑，黃門監兼吏部尚書盧懷慎卒。
On dinghai of the eleventh month Zhongzong's spirit tablet was moved to the western shrine. On jiawu Yuan Qianyao, left assistant director of state affairs, entered the council as vice director of the Yellow Gate and co-equal chief minister. On xinchou Lu Huaishen, yellow gate supervisor and minister of personnel, died.
40
十二月乙卯，幸新豐之溫湯。 其夜，定陵寢殿災。 乙丑，至自溫湯。 尚書、廣平郡公宋璟為吏部尚書兼黃門監，紫微侍郎、許國公蘇頲同紫微黃門平章事。 兵部尚書兼紫微令、梁國公姚崇為開府儀同三司，黃門侍郎、安陽男源乾曜守京兆尹，並罷知政事。 停十道採訪使。 開元五年五年春正月壬寅朔，上以喪制不受朝賀。 癸卯寅時，太廟屋壞，移神主於太極殿，上素服避正殿，輟朝五日，日躬親祭享。 辛亥，幸東都。 戊辰，昏霧四塞。
On yimao of the twelfth month he went to the Xinfeng hot springs. That night fire consumed the sleeping hall at Ding Mausoleum. On yichou he returned from the springs. Song Jing, Duke of Guangping, became minister of personnel and yellow gate supervisor; Suo Ting, Duke of Xu, joined the council as co-equal chief minister. Yao Chong, minister of war and ziwei director, was made pillar of state; Yuan Qianyao left the council to serve as acting Jingzhao intendant. He abolished the ten-circuit investigation commissioners. On the renyin new moon of the first spring month of Kaiyuan 5 he declined court congratulations while in mourning. At the yin hour on guimao the ancestral temple collapsed; spirit tablets were moved to the Hall of Supreme Pole; the emperor wore mourning, avoided the main hall, halted court five days, and sacrificed in person daily. On xinhai he went to the eastern capital. On wuchen dusk mist walled in the capital on every side.
41
二月甲戌，至自東都，大赦天下，唯謀反大逆不在赦限，餘並宥之。 河南百姓給復一年，河南、河北遭澇及蝗蟲處，無出今年地租。 武德、貞觀以來勛臣子孫無位者，訪求其後奏聞； 有嘉遁幽棲養高不仕者，州牧各以名薦。
On jiaxu of the second month he returned from Luoyang and proclaimed a general amnesty—treason alone excepted. Henan was granted a year's tax relief; flood- and locust-stricken parts of Henan and Hebei owed no land tax that year. Descendants of Wude and Zhenguan meritocrats without posts were sought and reported to the throne; recluses of high character who refused office were to be nominated by name by their prefects.
42
三月庚戌，於柳城依舊置營州都督府。 丁巳，以辛景初女封為固安縣主，妻於奚首領饒樂郡王大酺。
On gengxu of the third month the Yingzhou protectorate was re-established at Liucheng. On dingsi Xin Jingchu's daughter was created Princess of Guo'an and married to the Xi chieftain Da Gu, Grand Prince of Raole.
43
夏四月己丑，皇帝第九子嗣一薨，追封夏王，謚曰悼。 甲午，以則天拜洛受圖壇及碑文並顯聖侯廟，初因唐同泰偽造瑞石文所建，令即廢毀。
On jichou of the fourth summer month his ninth son Siyi died and was posthumously created Prince of Xia, posthumous name Mournful. On jiawu he ordered demolished the altar and stele of Wu Zetian's Luo reception and the Manifest Sage temple Tang Tongtai had raised on a forged stone omen.
44
六月壬午，鞏縣暴雨連月，山水泛濫，毀郭邑廬舍七百餘家，人死者七十二。 汜水同日漂壞近河百姓二百餘家。
On renwu of the sixth month a month of rain in Gong County sent rivers over their banks, wrecking seven hundred homes and killing seventy-two. The same day Sishui lost nearly two hundred households along the river.
45
秋七月甲子，詔曰：「古者操皇綱執大象者，何嘗不上稽天道，下順人極，或變通以隨時，爰損益以成務。 且衢室創制，度堂以筵。 因之以禮神，是光孝德； 用之以布政，蓋稱視朔，先王所以厚人倫感天地者也。 少陽有位，上帝斯歆，此則神貴於不黷，禮殷於至敬。 今之明堂，俯鄰宮掖，比之嚴祝，有異肅恭，茍非憲章，將何軌物？ 由是禮官博士公卿大臣廣參群議，欽若前古，宜存露寢之式，用罷闢雍之號。 可改為乾元殿，每臨御依正殿禮。」
On jiazi of the seventh month an edict declared: "Those who in old times held the imperial net and grasped the great image looked up to Heaven's Way and down to the human pole—now changing with the seasons, now adding or subtracting to finish the work. When the Hall of Circles was first built, the Hall of Measures counted its span in mats. With them they worshipped the spirits and made filial virtue shine; with them they governed—this was "viewing the new moon"; so former kings deepened human ties and stirred Heaven and earth. When lesser yang holds its station the supreme god is pleased; spirits hate profanation, and ritual reaches its fullness in awe. Today's Bright Hall huddles against the inner palace; beside strict rites it seems slack—without true pattern, what can order the realm? Ritualists, doctors, and ministers debated at length; honoring antiquity, they urged the open-air bedchamber form and an end to the name Biyong. Let it be renamed Qianyuan Hall, and whenever the emperor holds court let him follow main-hall rites. Thus ran the edict.
46
九月壬寅，改紫微省依舊為中書省，黃門省為門下省，黃門監為侍中。
On renyin of the ninth month Ziwei was restored as the Secretariat, the Yellow Gate as the Chancellery, and its supervisor as palace attendant.
47
冬十月丙子，京師修太廟成。 丁丑，詔以故越王貞死非其罪，封故許王男琳為嗣越王，以繼其後。 戊寅，祔神主於太廟。
On bingzi of the tenth winter month repair of the capital ancestral temple was finished. On dingchou an edict held that Prince of Yue Zhen had been wrongly killed; his grandson Lin was created titular Prince of Yue to continue the house. On wuyin the spirit tablets were installed in the ancestral temple.
48
十一月己亥，契丹首領松漠郡王李失活來朝，以宗女為永樂公主以妻之。 司徒兼鄧州刺史、申王捴兼虢州刺史。 開元六年六年春正月丙辰朔，以未經大祥，不受朝賀。 辛酉，禁斷天下諸州惡錢，行二銖四分已上好錢，不堪用者並即銷破復鑄。 將作大匠韋湊上疏，請遷孝敬神主，別立義宗廟。 以太子少師兼許州刺史、岐王範兼鄭州刺史。
On jihai of the eleventh month the Khitan chieftain Li Shihuo, Grand Prince of Songmo, came to court and received Princess Yongle in marriage. Suo, prince of Shen, grand mentor and Dengzhou prefect, was given concurrent command of Guo prefecture. On the bingchen new moon of Kaiyuan 6 he again declined congratulations while mourning was incomplete. On xinyou he banned debased coin empire-wide and enforced good coin of at least two zhu four fen; the rest was melted down. Wei Cou, director of palace construction, asked to move the Mournful and Filial Emperor's tablet and build a separate Yizong shrine. Fan, prince of Qi and junior tutor, was given concurrent Zhengzhou.
49
二月甲戌，禮幣徵嵩山隱士盧鴻。
On jiaxu of the second month Lu Hong, hermit of Mount Song, was summoned with ritual gifts.
50
夏五月乙未，孝敬哀皇后祔於恭陵。 契丹松漠郡王李失活卒。
On yiwei of the fifth summer month the Mournful and Filial Empress was installed at Gong Mausoleum. Li Shihuo, Khitan Grand Prince of Songmo, died.
51
六月甲申，瀍水暴漲，壞人廬舍，溺殺千餘人。 乙酉，制以故侍中桓彥範敬暉、故中書令兼吏部尚書張柬之、故特進崔玄暐、故中書令袁恕己配饗中宗廟庭，故司空蘇瑰、故左丞相太子少保郴州刺史劉幽求配饗睿宗廟庭。
On jiashen of the sixth month the Chan River burst its banks, wrecking homes and drowning more than a thousand. On yiyou an edict enshrined Huan Yanfan, Zhang Jianzhi, Cui Xuanwei, and Yuan Shuoji with Zhongzong; Su Gui and Liu Youqiu with Ruizong.
52
秋七月已未，秘書監馬懷素卒。
On jiwei of the seventh month Ma Huaisu, director of the palace library, died.
53
九月乙未，遣工部尚書劉知柔持節往河南道存問。
On yiwei of the ninth month Liu Zhirou, minister of works, was dispatched to comfort Henan.
54
冬十月丙申，車駕還京師。
On bingshen of the tenth winter month the emperor returned to Chang'an.
55
十一月辛卯，至自東都。 丙申，親謁太廟，回御承天門，詔：「七廟元皇帝已上三祖枝孫有失官序者，各與一人五品京官。 內外官三品已上有廟者，各賜物三十匹，以備修祭服及俎豆。」 賜文武官有差。 乙巳，傳國八璽依舊改稱寶，符璽郎為符寶郎。
On xinmao he came back from Luoyang. On bingchen he sacrificed at the ancestral temple, then held court at Chengtian Gate and decreed: "Collateral lines of the three ancestors above the Original Emperor who have fallen from office shall each receive one fifth-rank capital post. Third-rank officials and above with family temples shall receive thirty bolts of silk for robes and ritual vessels. The edict closed; civil and military officials were rewarded according to rank. On yisi the eight dynastic seals were again called treasures and the seal office renamed the treasure office.
56
十二月，以開府儀同三司兼澤州刺史、宋王憲為涇州刺史，司徒兼虢州刺史、申王捴為絳州刺史，以太子少師兼鄭州刺史、岐王範為岐州刺史，以太子少保兼衛州刺史、薛王業為虢州刺史。 開元七年七年春正月，吐蕃遣使朝貢。
In the twelfth month princes Xian, Suo, Fan, and Ye were rotated among Jing, Jiang, Qi, and Guo prefectures. In the first spring month of Kaiyuan 7 Tibet sent tribute envoys.
57
三月丁酉，左武衛大將軍、霍國公王毛仲加特進。 渤海靺鞨郡王大祚榮死，其子武藝嗣位。
On dingyou of the third month Wang Maoqi, left martial guard grand general and Duke of Huo, was made specially advanced. Da Zuerong, Bohai Mohe grand prince, died; his son Wuyi succeeded.
58
夏四月癸酉，開府儀同三司王仁皎薨。
On guiyou of the fourth summer month Wang Renjiao, pillar of state, died.
59
五月已丑朔，日有蝕之。
On the jichou new moon of the fifth month the sun was eclipsed.
60
秋七月丙辰，制以亢陽日久，上親錄囚徙，多所原免。 諸州委州牧、縣宰量事處置。
On bingchen of the seventh month, drought lingering, he personally reviewed prisoners and pardoned many. Prefects and magistrates were to handle local needs as they saw fit.
61
八月癸丑，敕：「周公制禮，歷代不刊； 子夏為傳，孔門所受。 逮及諸家，或變例。 與其改作，不如好古。 諸服紀宜一依舊文。」
On guichou of the eighth month an edict declared: "The Duke of Zhou made rites that ages have not erased; Zixia handed them down within Confucius's school. Later schools sometimes changed the precedents. Better to honor antiquity than to revise. Every grade of mourning shall follow the ancient statutes. Thus ran the edict.
62
九月甲子，改昭文館依舊為弘文館。 宋王憲徙封寧王。
On jiazi of the ninth month Zhaowen Hall was restored as Hongwen Hall. Prince Xian of Song was re-enfeoffed Prince of Ning.
63
冬十月，於東都來庭縣廨置義宗廟。 辛卯，幸新豐之溫湯。 癸卯，至自溫湯。 戊寅，皇太子詣國學行齒胄禮，陪位官及學生賜物有差。
In the tenth winter month the Yizong shrine was set up at Laiting in Luoyang. On xinmao he went to the Xinfeng hot springs. On guimao he returned from the springs. On wuyin the crown prince performed the cishi rite at the Directorate of Education; officials and students received graded gifts.
64
十二月丙戌，置弘文、崇文兩館讎校書郎官員。 開元八年八年春正月甲子朔，皇太子加元服。 乙丑，皇太子謁太廟。 丙寅，會百官於太極殿，賜物有差。 壬申，右散騎常侍、舒國公褚元量卒。 己卯，侍中宋璟為開府儀同三司，中書侍郎蘇頲為禮部尚書，並罷知政事。 京兆尹源乾曜為黃門侍郎，並州大督府長史張嘉貞為中書侍郎，並同中書門下平章事。
On bingxu of the twelfth month collation officers were appointed at Hongwen and Chongwen halls. On the jiazi new moon of Kaiyuan 8 the crown prince was capped. On yichou the crown prince sacrificed at the ancestral temple. On bingyin he gathered officials in the Hall of Supreme Pole and gave graded gifts. On renshen Chu Yuanliang, right regular attendant and Duke of Shu, died. On jimao Song Jing became pillar of state and Suo Ting minister of rites; both left the council. Yuan Qianyao entered the council as yellow gate vice director; Zhang Jiazhen as secretariat vice director—both co-equal chief ministers.
65
二月丁酉，皇子敏薨，追封懷王，謚曰哀。
On dingyou of the second month Prince Min died and was posthumously created Prince of Huai, posthumous name Lamentable.
66
夏五月丁卯，源乾曜為侍中，張嘉貞為中書令。 南天竺國遣使獻五色鸚鵡。
On dingmao of the fifth summer month Yuan Qianyao became palace attendant and Zhang Jiazhen secretariat director. Southern Tianzhu sent envoys with a five-colored parrot.
67
六月壬寅夜，東都暴雨，穀水泛漲。 新安、澠池、河南、壽安、鞏縣等廬舍蕩盡，共九百六十一戶，溺死者八百一十五人。 許、衛等州掌閑番兵溺者千一百四十八人。
On the night of renyin in the sixth month a cloudburst at Luoyang sent the Gu River over its banks. Xin'an, Mianchi, Henan, Shou'an, and Gong lost nine hundred sixty-one households and eight hundred fifteen dead. In Xu and Wei, eleven hundred forty-eight idle frontier guards drowned.
68
秋九月，突厥欲谷寇甘、涼等州，涼州都督楊敬述為所敗，掠契苾部落而歸。 以御史大夫王晙為兵部尚書兼幽州都督，黃門侍郎韋抗為御史大夫、朔方總管以御之。 甲子，太子少師兼岐州刺史、岐王範兼太子太傅，太子少保兼虢州刺史、薛王業為太子太保，餘並如故。
In the ninth month the Turk yabghu raided Gan and Liang; Yang Jingshu, protector of Liang, was beaten and the Qibi were carried off. Wang Jun became minister of war and Youzhou protector; Wei Kang, censor-in-chief and Shuofang protector-general, was sent to meet the threat. On jiazi Princes Fan and Ye became grand tutor and grand guardian of the heir apparent; other posts stood unchanged.
69
冬十月辛巳，幸長春宮。 壬午，畋於下邽。
On xinsi of the tenth winter month he went to Everlasting Spring Palace. On renwu he went hunting at Xia Gui.
70
十一月乙丑，至自長春宮。 辛未，突厥寇涼州，殺人掠羊馬數萬計而去。 開元九年九年春正月丙辰，改蒲州為河中府，置中都。 丙寅，幸新豐之溫湯。
On yichou of the eleventh month he returned from Everlasting Spring Palace. On xinwei Turks raided Liangzhou, slaughtered the people, and drove off tens of thousands of sheep and horses. On bingchen of Kaiyuan 9 Pu Prefecture became Hezhong superior prefecture with status as central capital. On bingyin he went to the Xinfeng hot springs.
71
夏四月庚寅，蘭池州叛胡顯首偽稱葉護康待賓、安慕容，為多覽殺大將軍何黑奴，偽將軍石神奴、康鐵頭等，據長泉縣，攻陷六胡州。 兵部尚書王晙發隴右諸軍及河東九姓掩討之。 甲戌，上親策試應制舉人於含元殿，謂曰：「古有三道，今減二策。 近無甲科，朕將存其上第，務收賢俊，用寧軍國。」 仍令有司設食。
On gengyin of the fourth summer month Lanchi Hu rebels under Kang Taibin seized Changquan and overran the Six Hu prefectures. Wang Jun, minister of war, marched Longyou troops and Hedong Nine Surnames against them. On jiaxu he examined presentation scholars in the Hall of Accepting Primacy and said: "Antiquity knew three themes; today we drop two. No first grade has lately been given; I mean to keep the top rank and gather talent to steady army and state. He ordered the offices to set out a feast.
72
秋七月戊申，罷中都，依舊為蒲州。 己酉，王晙破蘭池州叛胡，殺三萬五千騎。 丙辰，揚、潤等州暴風，發屋拔樹，漂損公私船舫一千餘只。 辛酉，集諸酋長，斬康待賓。 先天中，重修三九射禮，至是，給事中許景先抗疏罷之。
On wushen of the seventh month the central capital was abolished and Pu restored. On jiyou Wang Jun broke the Lanchi rebels and killed thirty-five thousand horsemen. On bingchen gales in Yang and Run tore off roofs, uprooted trees, and wrecked a thousand boats. On xinyou he assembled the chieftains and beheaded Kang Taibin. The Triple Nine archery rite revised in Xiantian was abolished on Xu Jingxian's memorial.
73
九月己巳朔，日有蝕之。 丁未，開府儀同三司、梁國公姚崇薨。 丁巳，御丹鳳樓，宴突厥首領。 庚申，幸中書省。 癸亥，右羽林將軍、權檢校並州大都督府長史、燕國公張說為兵部尚書、同中書門下三品。
On the jisi new moon of the ninth month the sun was eclipsed. On dingwei Yao Chong, pillar of state and Duke of Liang, died. On dingsi he banqueted Turk chieftains at Crimson Phoenix Tower. On gengshen he visited the secretariat. On guihai Zhang Yue, right Yulin general and acting Bingzhou protector, became minister of war and co-equal third-grade chief minister.
74
冬十一月丙辰，左散騎常侍元行沖上《群書目錄》二百卷，藏之內府。 庚午冬至，大赦天下，內外官九品己上加一階，三品已上加爵一等。 自六月二十日、七月三日匡衛社稷食實封功臣，坐事削除官爵，中間有生有死，並量加收贈。 致仕官合佩魚者聽其終身。 賜酺三日。
On bingchen of the eleventh winter month Yuan Xingchong presented his two-hundred-juan Comprehensive Catalogue to the inner treasury. On the gengwu solstice he proclaimed a general amnesty; officials of ninth rank and up gained one step, third rank and up one noble rank. Those who on the sixth month's twentieth day and seventh month's third had saved the dynasty with substantive fiefs—whether demoted or dead since—were to be honored or posthumously raised as fit. Retired officials with fish-tally privilege might keep it for life. The realm was granted three days of revelry.
75
十二月乙酉，幸新豐之溫湯。 壬午，至自溫湯。 是冬無雪。 開元十年十年春正月丁巳，幸東都。 甲子，省王公已下視品官參佐及京三品已上官伏身職員。 乙丑，停天下公廨錢，其官人料以稅戶錢充，每月準舊分例數給。 戊申，內外官職田，除公廨田園外，並官收，給還逃戶及貧下戶欠丁田。
On yiyou of the twelfth month he went to the Xinfeng hot springs. On renwu he returned from the springs. That winter no snow fell. On dingsi of the first spring month of Kaiyuan 10 he went to Luoyang. On jiazi he abolished extra staff and prostrating attendants for princes, dukes, and third-rank capital officials. On yichou empire-wide public-office money was ended; salaries were paid from tax-household funds on the old monthly scale. On wushen official land except office fields and gardens was confiscated and given to fugitives and poor households short of labor for tax plots.
76
二月戊寅，至東都。
On wuyin of the second month he reached Luoyang.
77
三月戊申，詔自今內外官有犯贓至解免已上，縱逢赦免，並終身勿齒。
On wushen of the third month an edict barred forever from office any official dismissed for corruption, even under amnesty.
78
夏四月丁酉，封契丹首領松漠都督李鬱於為松漠郡王，奚首領饒樂都督李魯蘇為饒樂郡王。
On dingyou of the fourth summer month Li Yuzhou was created Grand Prince of Songmo and Li Lusu Grand Prince of Raole.
79
五月，東都大雨，伊、汝等水泛漲，漂壞河南府及許、汝、仙、陳等州廬舍數千家，溺死者甚眾。
In the fifth month rain at Luoyang sent the Yi and Ru over their banks, wrecking thousands of homes from Henan to Chen; many drowned.
80
閏五月壬申，兵部尚書張說往朔方軍巡邊。 戊寅，敕諸番充質宿衛子弟，並放還國。
On renshen of the intercalary fifth month Zhang Yue, minister of war, toured the Shuofang frontier. On wuyin an edict freed tribal hostages in the palace guard and sent them home.
81
六月辛丑，上訓注《孝經》，頒於天下。 癸卯，以餘姚縣主女慕容氏為燕郡公主，出降奚首領饒樂郡王李魯蘇。 己巳，增置京師太廟為九室，移孝和皇帝神主以就正廟。
On xinchou of the sixth month he lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety and promulgated it empire-wide. On guimao the Princess of Yuyao's daughter Murong was created Princess of Yan Commandery and married to Li Lusu, Grand Prince of Raole. On jisi the capital temple was expanded to nine chambers and Xiaohé's tablet placed in the main shrine.
82
秋八月丙戌，嶺南按察使裴伷先上言安南賊帥梅叔鸞等攻圍州縣，遣驃騎將軍兼內侍楊思勖討之。 丁亥，遣戶部尚書陸象先往汝、許等州存撫賑給。 丙申，博、棣等州黃河堤破，漂損田稼。
On bingxu of the eighth month Pei Zhuxian reported Mei Shuluan besieging Annan; Yang Sixu, valiant cavalry general and palace attendant, was sent against him. On dinghai Lu Xiangxian, minister of revenue, was dispatched to comfort and relieve Ru and Xu. On bingshen the Yellow River burst its dike in Bo and Di, drowning cropland.
83
九月，張說擒康願子於木盤山。 詔移河曲六州殘胡五萬餘口於許、汝、唐、鄧、仙、豫等州，始空河南朔方千里之地。 甲戌，秘書監、楚國公姜皎坐事，詔杖之六十，配流欽州，死於路。 都水使者劉承祖配流雷州。 乙亥，制曰：「朕君臨宇內，子育黎元。 內修睦親，以敘九族； 外協庶政，以濟兆人。 勛戚加優厚之恩，兄弟盡友于之至。 務崇敦本，克慎明德。 今小人作孽，已伏憲章，恐不逞之徒，猶未能息。 凡在宗屬，用申懲誡：自今已後，諸王、公主、駙馬、外戚家，除非至親以外，不得出入門庭，妄說言語。 所以共存至公之道，永協和平之義，克固籓翰，以保厥休。 貴戚懿親，宜書座右。」 又下制，約百官不得與卜祝之人交游來往。 乙卯夜，京兆人權梁山偽稱襄王男，自號光帝，與其黨權楚璧，以屯營兵數百人，自景風、長樂等門斬關入宮城構逆。 至曉兵敗，斬梁山，傳首東都。 廢河陽柏崖倉。
In the ninth month Zhang Yue took Kang Yuanzi at Mount Mupan. An edict resettled fifty thousand Hezhou Hu to the interior; for the first time the north-of-river and Shuofang corridor lay empty for a thousand li. On jiaxu Jiang Jiao, director of the palace library and Duke of Chu, was beaten sixty strokes, exiled to Qin, and died on the road. Liu Chengzu, director of waterways, was exiled to Lei Prefecture. On yihai an edict declared: "I rule the realm and nurture the people. Within I cultivate kinship to order the nine agnates; without I harmonize government to aid the myriad folk. Meritorious kin receive added grace; brothers should fulfill fraternal duty to the full. I strive to honor the root and cultivate bright virtue. Petty men have sinned and already paid the law; I fear the unrestrained are not yet stilled. The clan is warned: from now on princes, princesses, sons-in-law, and maternal kin—except nearest kin—may not enter one another's gates or speak rashly. So utmost fairness may endure, peace hold, and the realm's screen stand firm. Noble kin should write this at their seat. The edict closed. Another bound officials from consorting with diviners and shamans. On the night of yimao Quan Liangshan of the capital posed as the Prince of Xiang's son, styled himself Emperor Guang, and with Quan Chubi led hundreds of garrison troops through Jingfeng and Changle gates into the palace. By dawn they were broken; Liangshan was beheaded and his head sent to Luoyang. The Ba Ya granary at Heyang was abolished.
84
冬十月癸丑，乾元殿依舊題為明堂。 甲寅，幸壽安之故興泰宮。 畋獵於土宜川。 庚申，至自興泰宮。 波斯國遣使獻獅子。
On guichou of the tenth winter month Qianyuan Hall was again named Bright Hall. On jiayin he visited the old Xingtai Palace at Shou'an. He hunted on the Tuyi River. On gengshen he returned from Xingtai Palace. Persia sent envoys with a lion.
85
十一月乙未，初令宰相共食實封三百戶。
On yiwei of the eleventh month chief ministers were for the first time granted a shared substantive fief of three hundred households.
86
十二月，停按察使。 開元十一年十一年春正月丁卯，降都城見楚囚徒，流、死罪減一等，餘並原之。 己巳，北都巡狩，敕所至處存問高年、鰥寡惸獨、征人之家； 減流、死罪一等，徒以下放免。 庚辰，幸並州、潞州，宴父老，曲赦大闢罪已下，給復五年。 別改其舊宅為飛龍宮。 辛卯，改並州為太原府，官吏補授，一準京兆、河南兩府。 百姓給復一年，貧戶復二年，元從戶復五年。 武德功臣及元從子孫，有才堪文武未有官者，委府縣搜揚，具以名薦。 上親制《起義堂頌》及書，刻石紀功於太原府之南街。 戊申，次晉州。 壇場使、中書令張嘉貞貶為幽州刺史。 壬子，祠后土於汾陰之脽上，升壇行事官三品已上加一爵，四品已上加一階，陪位官賜勛一轉。 改汾陰為寶鼎縣。 癸亥，兵部尚書張說兼中書令。
In the twelfth month investigation commissioners were abolished. On dingmao of Kaiyuan 11 chained capital convicts were pardoned—exile and death reduced one grade, the rest freed. On jisi he toured Taiyuan; wherever he passed, the aged, widowed, orphaned, and soldiers' families were to be comforted; exile and death were reduced one grade; penal servitude and below were freed. On gengchen he feasted the elders of Bing and Lu and by special pardon forgave crimes through capital offense, with five years' tax relief. His old residence was made Flying Dragon Palace. On xinmao Bingzhou became Taiyuan superior prefecture with appointments like Jingzhao and Luoyang. The people received one year's relief; the poor two; original followers five. Talented but officeless descendants of Wude meritocrats and original followers were to be sought and recommended by name. He composed the "Ode to the Hall of Rising Justice" in his own hand and had merit carved in stone on Taiyuan's south street. On wushen he paused at Jin Prefecture. Zhang Jiazhen, director of sacrifices and secretariat director, was demoted to Youzhou prefect. On renzi he sacrificed to earth at Fen's She altar; third rank and up gained a noble rank, fourth rank a step, attendees one merit cycle. Fenyin county was renamed Baoding. On guihai Zhang Yue, minister of war, was made concurrent secretariat director.
87
三月庚午，車駕至京師，制所經州、府、縣無出今年地稅，京城見禁囚徒並原免之。
On gengwu of the third month he reached Chang'an; the route owed no land tax that year and capital prisoners were freed.
88
夏四月丙辰，遷祔中宗神主於太廟。 癸亥，張說正除中書令，吏部尚書、中山公王晙為兵部尚書、同中書門下三品。
On bingchen of the fourth summer month Zhongzong's tablet was installed in the ancestral temple. On guihai Zhang Yue was confirmed secretariat director; Wang Jun, minister of personnel and Duke of Zhongshan, became minister of war and co-equal chief minister.
89
五月己巳，北都置軍器監官員。 王晙為朔方節度使，兼知河北郡、隴右、河西兵馬使。
On jisi of the fifth month armory directorate posts were established at Taiyuan. Wang Jun became Shuofang commissioner and overseer of Hebei, Longyou, and Hexi troops.
90
六月，王晙赴朔方軍。
In the sixth month Wang Jun went to Shuofang.
91
秋八月戊申，尊八代祖宣皇帝廟號獻祖，光皇帝廟號懿祖，始祔於太廟之九廟。
That autumn, on wushen, the Propagating and Radiant emperors were enshrined as Xianzu and Yizu in the Grand Temple’s nine shrines.
92
九月己巳，頒上撰《廣濟方》於天下，仍令諸州各置醫博士一人。 春秋二時釋奠，諸州宜依舊用牲牢，其屬縣用酒酺而已。
In the ninth month the emperor’s Great Beneficial Formulas went empire-wide, with one medical instructor per prefecture. Prefectures kept full sacrificial beasts at the seasonal rites; counties offered wine and dried meat only.
93
冬十月丁酉，幸新豐之溫泉宮。 甲寅，至自溫泉。
In the tenth month he went to the Hot Springs at Xinfeng. On jiayin he came back from the springs.
94
十一月戊寅，親祀南郊，大赦天下，見禁囚徒死罪至徒流已下免除之。 升壇行事及供奉官三品已上賜爵一級，四品轉一階。 武德以來實封功臣、知政宰輔淪屈者，所司具以狀聞。 賜酺三日，京城五日。 是月，自京師至於山東、淮南大雪，平地三尺餘。 丁亥，廢軍器監官員，少府監加置少監一人以充之。
In the eleventh month he worshipped at the southern altar, amnestied the realm, and freed prisoners down to penal labor. Third-rank officers at the rite gained a noble grade; fourth-rank men rose one step. Offices were to report meritorious enfeoffees and wronged chief ministers since Wude. Three days of public feasting were proclaimed; the capital feasted five. That month snow buried the roads from the capital through Shandong and Huainan three feet deep. On dinghai the Armaments directorate was folded into the Palace Workshops, with an added vice director.
95
十二月甲午，幸鳳泉湯。 戊申，至自鳳泉湯。 庚申，王晙授蘄州刺史。 開元十二年十二年春正月。
In the twelfth month he went to the Phoenix Spring baths. On wushen he returned from Phoenix Spring. On gengshen Wang Jun became governor of Qi. Kaiyuan 12 opened in the first month of spring.
96
夏四月，封故澤王上金男義珣為嗣澤王。 嗣許王瓘左授鄂州別駕，以弟璆為上金嗣故也。 癸卯，嗣江王禕降為信安郡王，嗣蜀王示俞為廣漢郡王，嗣密王徹為濮陽郡王，嗣曹王臻為濟國公，嗣趙王琚為中山郡王，武陽郡王堪為澧國公。 禕等並自神龍之後外繼為王，以瓘利澤王之封，盡令歸宗改封焉。
In the fourth month Shangjin’s son Yijun succeeded as Prince of Ze. Prince of Xu Guan was sent to Ezhou as vice-prefect when his brother Qiong took Shangjin’s title. On guimao the collateral heirs were demoted: Yi to Xin’an, Shiyu to Guanghan, Che to Puyang, Zhen to Duke of Ji, Ju to Zhongshan, Kan to Duke of Li. These princes had been adopted into the line after Shenlong; Guan’s grasp for Ze’s title brought them all back to ordinary enfeoffments.
97
秋七月壬申，月蝕既。 己卯，廢皇后王氏為庶人。 後弟太子少保、駙馬都尉守一貶為澤州別駕，至藍田，賜死。 戶部尚書、河東伯張嘉貞貶臺州刺史。
In the seventh month the moon was wholly eclipsed. On jimao Empress Wang was cast down to commoner status. Her brother Shouyi, the heir’s tutor and imperial son-in-law, was banished to Ze and ordered to die at Lantian. Zhang Jiazhen, Minister of Revenue and Earl of Hedong, was sent to govern Taizhou.
98
冬十一月庚申，幸東都，至華陰，上制嶽廟文，勒之於石，立於祠南之道周。 戊寅，至自東都。 庚辰，司徒、申王捴薨，追謚曰惠莊太子。 五溪首領覃行璋反，遣鎮軍大將軍兼內侍楊思勖討平之。
In the eleventh month he traveled east; at Huayin he carved his hymn to the sacred peak and set it beside the temple road. On wuyin he came back from Luoyang. On gengchen the Prince of Shen died and was mourned as Crown Prince Hui Zhuang. The Five Streams rose under Qin Xingzhang; Yang Sixu marched in and broke them.
99
閏十二月丙辰朔，日有蝕之。 開元十三年十三年春正月乙酉，以幽州都督府為大都督府。 戊子，降死罪從流，流已下罪悉原之。 分遣御史中丞蔣欽緒等往十道疏決囚徒。
At the intercalary year’s end the new moon was eclipsed. Early in Kaiyuan 13, on yiyou, Youzhou became a great area command. On wuzi capital convicts were sent into exile; lesser sentences were wiped clean. Jiang Qinxu and fellow censors fanned out across ten circuits to judge the prisons.
100
二月戊午，幸龍門，即日還宮。 乙亥，初置彍騎，分隸十二司。 丙子，改豳州為邠州，鄚州為莫州，梁州為褒州，沅州為巫州，舞州為鶴州，泉州為福州，以避文相類及聲相近者。
In the second month he made a day trip to Longmen. On yihai the Elite Cavalry corps was founded under the twelve guard offices. On bingzi six prefectures were renamed to dodge characters and sounds that clashed with the emperor’s name.
101
三月甲午，皇太子嗣謙改名鴻； 郯王嗣直改名潭，徙封慶王； 陜王嗣升改名浚，徙封忠王； 鄫王嗣真改名洽，徙封棣王； 鄂王嗣初改名涓，徙封郎王； 嗣玄改名滉，封榮王。 又第八子涺封為光王，第十二男濰封為儀王，第十三男沄封為潁王，第十六男澤封為永王，第十八男清封為壽王，第二十男洄封為延王，第二十一男沐封為盛王，第二十二男溢封為濟王。 丙申，御史大夫程行諶奏：「周朝酷吏來子珣、萬國俊、王弘義、侯思止、郭霸、焦仁亶、張知默、李敬仁、唐奉一、來俊臣、周興、丘神勣、索元禮、曹仁哲、王景昭、裴籍、李秦授、劉光業、王德壽、屈貞筠、鮑思恭、劉景陽、王處貞等二十三人，殘害宗枝，毒陷良善，情狀尤重，子孫不許仕宦。 陳嘉言、魚承曄、皇甫文備、傅游藝四人，情狀雖輕，子孫不許近任。 請依開元二年二月五日敕。」
In the third month the crown prince Sizhi took the name Hong; the Prince of Tan became Tan, Prince of Qing; the Prince of Shan became Jun, Prince of Zhong; the Prince of Zeng became Qia, Prince of Di; the Prince of E became Juan, Prince of Lang; and Sixuan became Huang, Prince of Rong. Younger sons received fiefs: Ti as Guang, Wei as Yi, Yun as Ying, Ze as Yong, Qing as Shou, Hui as Yan, Mu as Sheng, Yi as Ji. On bingshen Cheng Hangqian named twenty-three Zhou torturers—from Lai Junyi and Zhou Xing to Wang Chuzhen—and barred their descendants forever from office. Four lesser offenders—Chen Jiayan, Yu Chengye, Huangfu Wenbei, Fu Youyi—were barred from near appointments for their kin as well. The memorial asked that Kaiyuan 2 policy apply. [Close of memorial.]
102
夏四月丁巳，改集仙殿為集賢殿，麗正殿書院改集賢殿書院； 內五品已上為學士，六品已下為直學士。 癸酉，令朝集使各舉所部孝悌文武，集於泰山之下。
In the fourth month the Hall of Collected Immortals became the Hall of Gathered Worthies, its academy renamed likewise; palace officers of fifth rank up became academicians, sixth rank down direct academicians. On guiyou circuit envoys were told to send the worthy to assemble at Mount Tai.
103
五月庚寅，妖賊劉定高率其黨夜犯通洛門，盡擒斬之。
In the fifth month the sorcerer Liu Dinggao stormed Tongluo Gate by night; his band was caught and killed.
104
六月乙亥，廢都西市。
In the sixth month the capital’s western market was shut.
105
冬十月癸丑，新造銅儀成，置於景運門內，以示百官。 辛酉，東封泰山，發自東都。
In the tenth month a new bronze armillary sphere was finished and displayed inside Jingyun Gate. On xinyou the court set out from Luoyang to seal Mount Tai.
106
十一月丙戌，至兗州岱宗頓。 丁亥，致齋於行宮。 己丑，日南至，備法駕登山，仗衛羅列嶽下百餘里。 詔行從留於谷口，上與宰臣、禮官升山。 庚寅，祀昊天上帝於上壇，有司祀五帝百神於下壇。 禮畢，藏玉冊於封祀壇之石䃭，然後燔柴。 燎發，群臣稱萬歲，傳呼自山頂至嶽下，震動山谷。 上還齋宮，慶雲見，日抱戴。 辛卯，祀皇地祇於社首，藏玉冊於石䃭，如封祀壇之禮。 壬辰，御帳殿受朝賀，大赦天下，流人未還者放還。 內外官三品已上賜爵一等，四品已下賜一階，登山官封賜一階，褒聖侯量才與處分。 封泰山神為天齊王，禮秩加三公一等，近山十里，禁其樵採。 賜酺七日。 侍中源乾曜為尚書左丞相兼侍中，中書令張說為尚書右丞相兼中書令。 甲午，發岱嶽。 丙申，幸孔子宅，親設奠祭。
In the eleventh month they reached the sacred halt at Yanzhou. On dinghai the emperor fasted in the travel palace. On the solstice the imperial procession climbed Tai; armor glittered a hundred li below. The train waited in the valley while the emperor went up with his ministers and masters of rites. On gengyin he offered to Heaven on the summit altar; officers tended the lower altar to the Five Emperors and all spirits. The rite ended with the jade book sealed in stone; then the offering fire was kindled. Flames climbed and a hundred voices shouted “Ten thousand years!” from peak to foothill until the mountains rang. Back in the fasting palace, lucky clouds gathered and a halo crowned the sun. On xinmao he worshipped Earth at Sheshou, sealed the jade book in stone as on the summit. On renchen he took homage in the tent hall, amnestied the realm, and called exiles home. Third-rank officers gained a noble grade, fourth-rank men a step, mountaineers an extra rank; Confucius’ marquis was employed by merit. Tai’s god became King Equalizing Heaven, honored above the Three Excellencies; for ten li around the peak, axes were forbidden. Seven days of public feasting followed. Yuan Qianyao became Left Director while keeping his palace post; Zhang Yue became Right Director and kept the Secretariat. On jiawu the procession left Dai. On bingshen he entered Confucius’ dwelling and sacrificed with his own hands.
107
十二月己巳，至東都。 時累歲豐稔，東都米斗十錢，青、齊米斗五錢。 是冬，分吏部為十銓，敕禮部尚書蘇頲、刑部尚書韋抗、工部尚書戶從願等分掌選事。 開元十四年十四年春正月癸亥，改封契丹松漠郡王李召固為廣化王，奚饒樂郡王李魯蘇為奉誠王，封宗室外甥女二人為公主，各以妻之。
In the twelfth month the tour returned to Luoyang. Grain was cheap after years of plenty—ten cash a peck in Luoyang, five in the east. That winter appointments were split among ten boards headed by Su Ting, Wei Kang, Hu Congyuan, and other ministers. Early in Kaiyuan 14 the Khitan and Xi kings were re-titled and given imperial brides.
108
二月庚戌朔，邕州獠首領梁大海、周光等據賓、橫等州叛，遣驃騎大將軍兼內侍楊思勖討之。
At month’s start Liao rebels seized Bin and Heng; Yang Sixu marched south.
109
三月壬寅，以國甥東華公主降於契丹李召固。
In the third month the Eastern Splendor Princess was sent to Li Zhaogu of the Khitan.
110
夏四月癸丑，御史中丞宇文融與御史大夫崔隱甫彈尚書右丞相、兼中書令張說，鞫於尚書省。 丁巳，戶部侍郎李元紘同中書門下平章事。 庚申，張說停兼中書令。 丁卯，太子少師、岐王範薨，冊贈惠文太子。 辛丑，於定、恆、莫、易、滄等五州置軍以備突厥。
In the fourth month Yuwen Rong and Cui Yinpu impeached Zhang Yue; the Secretariat chief stood trial. On dingsi Li Yuanhong joined the inner council. On gengshen Zhang Yue was stripped of the Secretariat. On dingmao the Prince of Qi died and was mourned as Crown Prince Hui Wen. On xinchou five Hebei prefectures were garrisoned against the Turks.
111
五月癸卯，戶部進計帳，今年管戶七百六萬九千五百六十五，管口四千一百四十一萬九千七百一十二。
On guimao the census reported more than seven million households and forty-one million souls.
112
六月戊午，大風，拔木發屋，毀端門鴟吻，都城門等及寺觀鴟吻落者殆半。 上以旱、暴風雨，命中外群官上封事，指言時政得失，無有所隱。
On wuwu a gale uprooted trees, stripped roofs, and knocked half the palace and city finials to earth. Drought and storms moved him to demand sealed memorials on policy without fear or flattery.
113
秋七月癸丑夜，瀍水暴漲入漕，漂沒諸州租船數百艘，溺者甚眾。
One night in the seventh month the Chan burst into the canal and drowned hundreds of tax barges.
114
九月己丑，檢校黃門侍郎兼磧西副大都護杜暹同中書門下平章事。 是秋，十五州言旱及霜，五十州言水，河南、河北尤甚，蘇、同、常、福四州漂壞廬舍，遣御史中丞宇文融檢覆賑給之。
On jichou Du Xian of the Western Regions joined the inner council. Autumn brought drought, frost, and floods across the north; Yuwen Rong went out to survey and feed the ruined.
115
冬十月，廢麟州。 庚申，幸汝州廣成湯。 己巳，還東都。
In the tenth month Lin prefecture was abolished. On gengshen he went to the Broad Completion hot springs. On jisi he returned to Luoyang.
116
十一月甲戌，突厥遣使來朝。 辛丑，渤海靺鞨遣其子義信來朝，並獻方物。
In the eleventh month Turkish envoys arrived. On xinchou Bohai’s heir sent his son Yixin with tribute.
117
十二月丁巳，幸壽安之方秀川。 己未，日色赤如赭。 壬戌，還東都。 開元十五年十五年春正月戊寅，制草澤有文武高才，令詣闕自舉。 庚子，太史監復為太史局，依舊隸秘書省。 辛丑，涼州都督王君㚟破吐蕃於青海之西，虜輜車、馬羊而還。
In the twelfth month he hunted at Square Excellence River in Shou’an. On jiwei the sun burned ochre-red. On renxu he came back to Luoyang. Early in Kaiyuan 15 an edict called hidden worthies of every kind to court. On gengzi the Astrological Directorate again became a bureau under the Secretariat. On xinchou Wang Junchuo routed Tibetans west of Qinghai and drove home their herds.
118
二月，遣左監門將軍黎敬仁往河北賑給貧乏，時河北牛畜大疫。 己巳，尚書右丞相張說、御史大夫崔隱甫、中丞宇文融以朋黨相構，制說致仕，隱甫免官侍母，融左遷魏州刺史。
In the second month Li Jingren carried grain to plague-stricken Hebei. On jisi faction fighting toppled Zhang Yue into retirement, sent Cui Yinpu home to his mother, and banished Yuwen Rong to Wei.
119
夏五月，晉州大水，漂損居人廬舍。 癸酉，以慶王潭為涼州都督兼河西諸軍節度大使，忠王浚為單于大都護、朔方節度大使，棣王洽為太原冀北牧、河北諸軍節度大使，鄂王涓為幽州都督、河北節度大使，榮王滉為京兆牧、隴右節度大使，光王涺為廣州都督、五府節度大使，儀王濰為河南牧，潁王潭為安東都護、平盧軍節度大使，永王澤為荊州大都督，壽王清為益州大都督、劍南節度大使，延王洄為安西大都護、磧西節度大使，盛王沐為揚州大都督，並不出閣。
In the fifth month Jin was flooded and houses swept away. On guiyou each prince received a titular frontier command—Qing, Zhong, Di, E, Rong, Guang, Yi, Ying, Yong, Shou, Yan, and Sheng—yet none left the palace.
120
秋七月甲戌，雷震興教門樓兩鴟吻，欄檻及柱災。 禮部尚書蘇頲卒。 庚寅，鄜州洛水泛漲，壞人廬舍。 辛卯，又壞同州馮翊縣廨宇，及溺死者甚眾。 丙申，改武臨縣為潁陽縣。 己亥，赦都城系囚，死罪降從流，徒已下罪悉免之。
In the seventh month lightning shattered the finials of the Gate of Promoting Teaching and set its columns afire. Su Ting, Minister of Rites, died. On gengyin the Luo at Fu burst its banks and washed away homes. On xinmao the flood wrecked Fengyi’s yamen in Tong and drowned a great many. On bingchen Wulin county was renamed Yingyang. On jihai capital prisoners were freed—death to exile, lesser crimes wiped clean.
121
九月丙子，吐蕃寇瓜州，執刺史田元獻及王君㚟父壽，殺掠人吏，盡取軍資倉糧而去。 丙戌，突厥毗伽可汗使其大臣梅錄啜來朝。
In the ninth month Tibetans took Guazhou, captured Tian Yuanxian and Wang Junchuo’s father, and stripped the garrison bare. On bingxu Bilge Qaghan of the Turks sent Minister Melüchuo to court.
122
閏月庚子，突騎施蘇祿、吐蕃贊普圍安西，副大都護趙頤貞擊走之。 庚申，車駕發東都，還京師。 回紇部落殺王君㚟於甘州之鞏筆驛。 制檢校兵部尚書蕭嵩兼判涼州事，總兵以御吐蕃。 是秋，六十三州水，十七州霜旱； 河北饑，轉江淮之南租米百萬石以賑給之。
In the intercalary month Sulu of the Turgesh and the Tibetan king besieged Anxi; Zhao Yizhen beat them back. On gengshen the court left Luoyang for Chang’an. Uyghurs murdered Wang Junchuo at the Gongbi post in Ganzhou. Xiao Song was ordered to govern Liangzhou and hold the frontier against Tibet. That autumn sixty-three circuits flooded and seventeen knew frost and drought; starving Hebei was fed with a million shi of grain shipped up from the south.
123
冬十月己卯，至自東都。
In the tenth month he entered Chang’an from the east.
124
十二月乙亥，幸溫泉宮。 丙戌，至自溫泉宮。 開元十六年十六年春正月庚子，始聽政於興慶宮。 春、瀧等州獠首領瀧州刺史陳行範、廣州首領馮仁智、何游魯叛，遣驃騎大將軍楊思勖討之。 壬寅，安西副大都護趙頤貞敗吐蕃於曲子城。 甲子，黑水靺鞨遣使來朝獻。
In the twelfth month he went to the Hot Springs. On bingxu he came back from the springs. Early in Kaiyuan 16 he began to rule from Xingqing Palace. Liao rebels rose in Chun and Long; Yang Sixu marched against Chen Xingfan, Feng Renzhi, and He Youlu. On renyin Zhao Yizhen routed Tibetans at Quzi City. On jiazi Heishui Mohe brought tribute to court.
125
秋七月，吐蕃寇瓜州，刺史張守珪擊破之。 乙巳，檢校兵部尚書蕭嵩、鄯州都督張志亮攻拔吐蕃門城，斬獲數千級，收其資畜而還。 丙辰，新羅王金興光遣使貢方物。
In the seventh month Tibetans raided Guazhou; Zhang Shougui drove them off. On yisi Xiao Song and Zhang Zhiliang stormed a Tibetan fort, taking thousands of heads and herds. On bingchen Silla’s king sent tribute.
126
八月己巳，特進張說進《開元大衍歷》，詔命有司頒行之。 辛卯，蕭嵩又遣杜賓客擊吐蕃於祁連城，大破之，獲其大將一人，斬首五千級。
In the eighth month Zhang Yue presented the Kaiyuan calendar and the court ordered it spread. On xinmao Du Binke shattered Tibetans at Qilian City and took a general’s head among five thousand.
127
九月丙午，以久雨，降死罪從流，徒以下原之。
In the ninth month endless rain brought amnesty—death to exile, lesser crimes forgiven.
128
冬十月己卯，幸溫泉宮。 己丑，至自溫泉宮。
In the tenth month he went to the Hot Springs. On jichou he returned from the springs.
129
十一月癸巳朔，檢校兵部尚書、河西節度判涼州事蕭嵩為兵部尚書、同中書門下平章事，餘如故。
At month’s start Xiao Song of the Hexi frontier joined the inner council as War minister.
130
十二月丁卯，幸溫泉宮。 丁丑，至自溫泉宮。 開元十七年十七年二月丁卯，巂州都督張審素攻破蠻，拔昆明城及鹽城，殺獲萬人。 庚子，特進張說復為尚書左丞相，同州刺史陸象先為太子少保。 甲寅，禮部尚書、信安王禕帥眾攻拔吐蕃石堡城。
In the twelfth month he again went to the Hot Springs. On dingchou he came back from the springs. Early in Kaiyuan 17 Zhang Shensu stormed Kunming and Salt cities and took ten thousand lives. On gengzi Zhang Yue returned as Left Director; Lu Xiangxian became the heir’s tutor. On jiayin Prince of Xin’an Yi stormed and took the Tibetan Stone Fortress.
131
夏四月癸亥，令中書門下分就大理、京兆、萬年、長安等獄疏決囚徒。 制天下系囚死罪減一等，餘並宥之。 丁亥，大風震電，藍田山崩。
In the fourth month the inner council was sent to judge prisoners in the capital courts. An edict lightened capital sentences one grade and freed the rest. On dinghai thunder shook the sky and Mount Lantian fell.
132
五月癸巳，復置十道按察使。 右散騎常侍徐堅卒。
In the fifth month the ten-circuit investigating commissioners returned. Xu Jian, Right Regular Attendant, died.
133
六月甲戌，尚書左丞相源乾曜停兼侍中，黃門侍郎杜暹為荊州大都督府長史，中書侍郎李元紘為曹州刺史。 兵部尚書蕭嵩兼中書令。 戶部侍郎兼鴻臚卿宇文融為黃門侍郎，兵部侍郎裴光庭為中書侍郎，並同中書門下平章事。
In the sixth month Yuan Qianyao left the palace post; Du Xian went to Jing; Li Yuanhong to Cao. Xiao Song added the Secretariat. Yuwen Rong and Pei Guangting joined the inner council from Revenue and War.
134
秋七月辛丑，工部尚書張嘉貞卒。
In the seventh month Zhang Jiazhen died.
135
八月癸亥，上以降誕日，宴百僚於花萼樓下。 百僚表請以每年八月五日為千秋節，王公已下獻鏡及承露囊，天下諸州咸令宴樂，休暇三日，仍編為令，從之。 丙寅，越州大水，漂壞廨宇及居人廬舍。 己卯，中書侍郎裴光庭兼御史大夫，依舊知政事。 乙酉，尚書右丞相、開府儀同三司兼吏部尚書宋璟為尚書左丞相，尚書左丞相源乾曜為太子少傅。
On his birthday in the eighth month he feasted the court below the Tower of Flower and Calyx. The court made his birthday the Thousand Autumn Festival—mirrors and dew-pouches, feasts empire-wide, three days’ rest—written into law. On bingyin a flood wrecked Yue’s offices and homes. On jimao Pei Guangting took the censorate while keeping his council seat. On yiyou Song Jing became Left Director; Yuan Qianyao tutored the heir.
136
九月壬子，宇文融左遷汝州刺史，俄又貶昭州平樂尉。 壬寅，裴光庭為黃門侍郎，依舊知政事。
In the ninth month Yuwen Rong was banished to Ru, then to a Zhaozhou captaincy. On renyin Pei Guangting moved to the Yellow Gate and kept his council seat.
137
冬十月戊午朔，日有蝕之，不盡如鉤。 癸未，睦州獻竹實。 庚申，前太子賓客元行沖卒。
At the tenth month’s new moon the sun was eaten to a hook. On guiwei Mu presented bamboo grain. On gengshen Yuan Xingchong, former guest of the heir, died.
138
十一月庚申，親饗九廟。 辛卯，發京師。 丙申，謁橋陵。 上望陵涕泣、左右並哀感。 制奉先縣同赤縣，以所管萬三百戶供陵寢，三府兵馬供宿衛，曲赦縣內大闢罪已下。 戊戌，謁定陵。 己亥，謁獻陵。 壬寅，謁昭陵。 乙巳，謁乾陵。 戊申，車駕還宮。 大赦天下，流移人並放還，左降官移近處。 百姓無出今年地稅之半。 每陵取側近六鄉供陵寢。 內外官三品巳上加爵一等，四品已下賜一階，五品已上清官父母亡者，依級賜官及邑號。
In the eleventh month he sacrificed to the nine temples. On xinmao he left Chang’an. On bingchen he worshipped at Qiao Mausoleum. He wept before the tomb until every attendant wept with him. Fengxian was raised to capital rank, given households and guards for Gaozu’s tomb, and partially amnestied. On wuxu he visited Ding Mausoleum. On jihai he visited Xian Mausoleum. On renyin he visited Zhao Mausoleum. On yisi he visited Qian Mausoleum. On wushen the tour returned to the palace. The realm was amnestied, exiles called home, and banished officers brought closer. Land tax was cut by half for the year. Six townships by each tomb were charged with upkeep. Third-rank officers gained a noble grade, fourth-rank men a step; pure officers mourning parents received posthumous honors by rank.
139
十二月辛酉，幸溫泉宮。 乙丑，校獵渭濱。 壬申，至自溫泉宮。 是冬無雪。 開元十八年十八年春正月辛卯，黃門侍郎裴光庭為侍中，依舊兼御史大夫。 左丞相張說加開府儀同三司。 丙午，幸薛王業宅，即日還宮。
In the twelfth month he went to the Hot Springs. On yichou he hunted along the Wei. On renshen he came back from the springs. That winter no snow fell. Early in Kaiyuan 18 Pei Guangting became Palace Attendant while keeping the censorate. Zhang Yue received the first-rank grandee title. On bingwu he called on Prince Ye and returned the same day.
140
二月丙寅，大雨雪，俄而雷震，左飛龍廄災。
In the second month snow gave way to thunder and fire consumed the Left Flying Dragon stable.
141
三月辛卯，改定州縣上中下戶口之數，依舊給京官職田。
In the third month Ding’s household grades were reset and capital officers’ fields restored.
142
夏四月乙卯，築京城外郭城，凡十月而功畢。 壬戌，幸寧親公主第，即日還宮。 乙丑，裴光庭兼吏部尚書。 是春，命侍臣及百僚每旬暇日尋勝地宴樂，仍賜錢令所司供帳造食。 丁卯，侍臣已下宴於春明門外寧王憲之園池，上御花萼樓邀其回騎，便令坐飲，遞起為舞，頒賜有差。
In the fourth month work began on the capital’s outer wall and finished ten months later. On renxu he visited Princess Ningqin and returned. On yichou Pei Guangting took Personnel as well. That spring the court was told to feast on every rest day, with cash for tents and cooks. On dingmao the ministers feasted in Ning Wang’s garden; the emperor met them from Flower and Calyx Tower, made them drink and dance, and gave gifts.
143
五月，契丹衙官可突干殺其主李召固，率部落降於突厥，奚部落亦隨西叛。 奚王李魯蘇來奔，召固妻東華公主陳氏及魯蘇妻東光公主韋氏並奔投平盧軍。 制幽州長史趙含章率兵討之。
In the fifth month the Khitan Ketugan slew Li Zhaogu and fled to the Turks; the Xi went west with him. Li Lusu of the Xi fled in; the Khitan and Xi princesses took refuge with Pinglu. Zhao Hanzhang of Youzhou was sent to punish them.
144
六月庚申，命左右丞相、尚書及中書門下五品已上官，舉才堪邊任及刺史者。 甲子，彗星見於五車。 癸酉，有星孛于畢、昴。 丙子，命單于大都護、忠王浚為河北道行軍元帥，御史大夫李朝隱、京兆尹裴伷先為副，率十八總管以討契丹及奚等。 事竟不行。 壬午，東都瀍、洛泛漲，壞天津、永濟二橋及提象門外仗舍，損居人廬舍千餘家。
In the sixth month fifth-rank ministers were told to recommend men for the frontier and for prefectures. On jiazi a comet hung in the Five Chariots. On guiyou a broom star crossed Net and Mao. On bingzi Prince of Zhong Jun was named to lead eighteen commands against Khitan and Xi, with Li Chaoyin and Pei Youxian as deputies. The expedition never marched. On renwu floods wrecked Luoyang’s great bridges and a thousand houses.
145
閏月甲申，分幽州置薊州。 已丑，令範安及、韓朝宗就瀍、洛水源疏決，置門以節水勢。 辛卯，禮部奏請千秋節休假三日，及村閭社會，並就千秋節先賽白帝，報田祖，然後坐飲散之。
In the intercalary month Ji was carved from You. On jichou Fan Anji and Han Chaozong dredged the Chan and Luo headwaters and set flood gates. On xinmao Rites asked for three festival days and harvest rites tied to the Thousand Autumn observance.
146
秋七月庚辰，幸寧王憲第，即日還宮。
In the seventh month he visited Ning Wang and returned.
147
八月丁亥，上御花萼樓，以千秋節百官獻賀，賜四品已上金鏡、珠囊、縑彩，賜五品已下束帛有差。 上賦八韻詩，又制《秋景詩》。 辛亥，幸永穆公主宅，即日還宮。
On his birthday he took Flower and Calyx Tower, received court homage, and gave mirrors, pearls, and silk by rank. He wrote an eight-line poem and an Autumn Scenery piece. On xinhai he called on Princess Yongmu and returned.
148
九月，先是高戶捉官本錢； 乙卯，御史大夫李朝隱奏請薄稅百姓一年租錢充，依舊高戶及典正等捉，隨月收利，供官人稅錢。
In the ninth month wealthy households had been advancing tax principal at interest; On yimao Li Chaoyin asked that one year’s rent fund the pool, with wealthy agents collecting monthly interest as before.
149
冬十月，吐蕃遣其大臣名悉獵獻方物，請降，許之。 庚寅，幸岐州之鳳泉湯。 癸卯，至自鳳泉湯。
That winter, in the tenth month, Tibet sent the minister Mingxishou with gifts to offer submission; the court accepted. On gengyin he went to Fengquan Hot Springs in Qizhou. On guimao he came back from Fengquan Hot Springs.
150
十一月丁卯，幸新豐溫泉宮。
In the eleventh month, on dingmao, he visited the Xinfeng Hot Springs Palace.
151
十二月戊子，豐州刺史袁振坐妖言下獄死。 戊申，尚書左丞相、燕國公張說薨。 是歲，百僚及華州父老累表請上尊號內請加「聖文」兩字，並封西嶽，不允。 開元十九年十九年春正月壬戌，開府儀同三司、霍國公王毛仲貶為襄州別駕，中路賜死，黨與貶黜者十數人。 辛卯，遣鴻臚卿崔琳入吐蕃報聘。 丙子，親耕於興慶宮龍池。 己卯，禁採捕鯉魚。 天下州府春秋二時社及釋奠，停牲牢，唯用酒酺，永為常式。
In the twelfth month, on wuzi, Fengzhou prefect Yuan Zhen was jailed and executed for sorcery. On wushen Zhang Yue, Left Chancellor and Duke of Yan, died. That year the bureaucracy and Huazhou elders repeatedly asked for a grand title with “Shengwen” and to invest Mount Hua; both were refused. Early in Kaiyuan 19, on renxu, Wang Maoqiong, Duke of Huo, was demoted to Xiangzhou and executed on the road; more than ten of his faction were exiled. On xinmao he dispatched Cui Lin, Minister of Foreign Reception, to Tibet on a return mission. On bingzi he plowed in person at the Dragon Pool in Xingqing Palace. On jimao the taking of carp was banned. Spring and autumn community rites and Confucian libations empire-wide were to drop livestock and use wine only, forever.
152
二月甲午，以崔琳為御史大夫。
In the second month, on jiawu, Cui Lin became Censor-in-Chief.
153
三月乙酉朔，崔琳使於吐蕃。
On the third-month yiyou new moon Cui Lin left for Tibet.
154
夏四月壬午，於京城置禮院。 丙申，令兩京及天下諸州各置太公尚父廟，以張良配饗，春秋二時仲月上戊日祭之。
In the fourth month, on renwu, a Ritual Institute was set up in the capital. On bingshen both capitals and every prefecture were ordered to build a temple to Lord Father Jiang Ziya, with Zhang Liang in joint sacrifice on upper-wu days in the second and eighth months.
155
五月壬戌，五嶽各置老君廟。
In the fifth month, on renxu, each of the Five Peaks gained a temple to Lord Lao.
156
六月乙酉，大風拔木。
In the sixth month, on yiyou, a gale uprooted trees.
157
秋八月辛巳，降天下死罪從流，徒已下悉原之。
In the eighth month, on xinsi, death sentences became exile and lesser penalties were forgiven.
158
九月辛未，吐蕃遣其國相論尚他硉來朝。
In the ninth month, on xinwei, Tibet sent chancellor Lun Shangtaluo to court.
159
冬十月丙申，幸東都。
In the tenth month, on bingshen, he traveled to the Eastern Capital.
160
十一月丙辰，至自東都。 甲子，太子少傅源乾曜薨。
In the eleventh month, on bingchen, he returned from the Eastern Capital. On jiazi the heir’s grand tutor Yuan Qianyao died.
161
十二月，巂州都督張審素以劫制使監察御史楊汪伏誅。 是冬，浚苑內洛水，六十餘日而罷。 戊戌，裴光庭上《瑤山往則》、《維城前軌》各一卷，上令賜太子、諸王各一本。 開元二十年二十年春正月乙卯，以禮部尚書、信安王禕率兵討契丹。 丁巳，幸長芬公主宅； 乙丑，幸薛王業宅：並即日還宮。
In the twelfth month Xizhou commander Zhang Shensu was executed for kidnapping and coercing censor Yang Wang. That winter the Luo inside the park was dredged for sixty-odd days, then stopped. On wuxu Pei Guangting offered Jade Mountain’s Past Models and the Wall-City’s Former Tracks, one scroll each; the throne gave copies to the heir and every prince. Early in Kaiyuan 20, on yimao, Prince Xin’an Li Yi, Minister of Rites, was sent to campaign against the Khitan. On dingsi he called at Princess Changfen’s residence; on yichou at Prince Xue Li Ye’s—each visit ended with a same-day return to the palace.
162
二月己未，敕文武選人，承前例三月三十日為例，然開選門，比團甲進官至夏來。 自今已後，選門並正月內開，團甲二月內訖。 分命宰相錄京城諸獄系囚。
On jiwei an edict fixed civil selection: the old rule had opened on the third month’s last day, with promotions dragging into summer. Hereafter gates opened in the first month and group-A lists closed in the second. Each chancellor was told to review capital prisoners.
163
三月，信安王禕與幽州長史趙含章大破奚、契丹於幽州之北山。
In the third month Li Yi and Zhao Hanzang smashed the Xi and Khitan north of Youzhou.
164
夏四月乙亥，宴百僚於上陽東州，醉者賜以床褥，肩輿而歸，相屬於路。 癸巳，改造天津橋，毀皇津橋，合為一橋。
On yihai of the fourth month he feasted officials on Shangyang’s eastern islet; drunk guests got bedding and palanquins home in a line along the road. On guisi Tianjin Bridge was rebuilt, Huangjin Bridge torn down, and the spans united.
165
五月癸卯，寒食上墓，宜編入五禮，永為恆式。 辛亥，金仙長公主薨。 戊辰，信安王獻奚、契丹之俘，上御應天門受之。
On guimao Cold Food tomb visits entered the Five Rites as permanent custom. On xinhai Princess Jinxian died. On wuchen Li Yi presented Khitan and Xi prisoners; the throne took them at Yingtian Gate.
166
六月丁丑，單于大都護、河北東道行軍元帥、忠王浚加司徒，都護如故； 副大使信安王禕加開府儀同三司。 庚寅，幽州長史趙含章坐盜用庫物，左監門員外將軍楊元方受含章饋餉，並於朝堂決杖，流瀼州，皆賜死於路。 其月，遣範安及於長安廣花萼樓，築夾城至芙蓉園。
On dingchou of the sixth month Prince Zhong Li Jun, Shanyu protector and Hebei marshal, became Grand Mentor and kept the protectorate; his deputy Li Yi was made Grand Guardian Equal in Rank. On gengyin Zhao Hanzang was flogged and exiled for looting the treasury; Yang Yuanfang for taking his bribes—both died on the road to Rang. That month Fan Anji widened the Flower-and-Calyx Tower and linked it by gallery to the Lotus Park.
167
秋七月戊辰，幸寧王憲宅，即日還宮。
In the seventh month, on wuchen, he visited Prince Ning and returned the same day.
168
八月辛未朔，日有蝕之。 己卯，戶部尚書王晙卒。
The eighth-month xinwei new moon brought a solar eclipse. On jimao Revenue Minister Wang Jun died.
169
九月乙巳，中書令蕭嵩等奏上《開元新禮》一百五十卷，制所司行用之。 渤海靺鞨寇登州，殺刺史韋俊，命左領軍將軍蓋福順發兵討之。
On yisi Xiao Song submitted 150 scrolls of Kaiyuan New Rites; the throne ordered them used. Bohai Mohe struck Dengzhou, killed Wei Jun, and Gai Fushun was sent against them.
170
冬十月丙戌，命巡幸所至，有賢才未聞達者舉之。 仍令中書門下疏決囚徒。 辛卯，至潞州之飛龍宮，給復三年，兵募丁防先差未發者，令改出餘州。 辛丑，至北都。 癸丑，曲赦太原，給復三年。
On bingxu of the tenth month, on tour he ordered unknown talent recommended. The Secretariat and Chancellery were told to clear the prisons. On xinmao he reached Luzhou’s Feilong Palace, granted three years’ tax relief, and shifted undrafted levies to other prefectures. On xinchou he arrived at the Northern Capital. On guichou Taiyuan was partially amnestied and given three years’ relief.
171
十一月庚午，祀后土於脽上，大赦天下，左降官量移近處。 內外文武官加一階，開元勛臣盡假紫及緋。 大酺三日。
On gengwu he worshipped Earth at Fenyin, amnestied the realm, and moved banished officials closer. Every officer rose one rank; Kaiyuan merit peers were lent purple and scarlet robes. Three days of public feasting were proclaimed.
172
十二月壬申，至京師。
In the twelfth month, on renshen, he entered the capital.
173
其年戶部計戶七百八十六萬一千二百三十六，口四千五百四十三萬一千二百六十五。 開元二十一年二十一年春正月庚子朔，制令士庶家藏《老子》一本，每年貢舉人量減《尚書》、《論語》兩條策，加《老子》策，乙巳，遷祔肅明皇后神主於廟，毀儀坤廟。 丁巳，幸溫泉宮。 己未，命工部尚書李嵩使於吐蕃。 癸亥，至自溫泉宮。
The year’s census: 7,861,236 households and 45,431,265 people. Kaiyuan 21 opened with an order that every home keep the Laozi, exams trade two Confucian questions for one on the Laozi, and on yisi Empress Zhaoming’s tablet entered the temple while Yikun was razed. On dingsi he went to the Hot Springs Palace. On jiwei Li Song of Works went to Tibet. On guihai he came back from the Hot Springs Palace.
174
三月乙巳，侍中裴光庭薨。 甲寅，尚書右丞韓休為黃門侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
On yisi Pei Guangting, Attendant-in-Chief, died. On jiayin Han Xiu joined the council as Yellow Gate Vice Director.
175
閏月，幽州道副總管郭英傑等討契丹，為所敗於都山之下，英傑死之。
In the leap month Guo Yingjie fell to the Khitan at Mount Du.
176
夏四月丁巳，以久旱，命太子少保陸象先、戶部尚書杜暹等七人往諸道宣慰賑給，及令黜陟官吏，疏決囚徒。 丁酉，寧王憲為太尉，薛王業為司徒，慶王潭為太子太師，忠王浚為開府儀同三司，棣王洽為太子少傅，鄂王涓為太子太保。 五月甲申，皇太子納妃薛氏。 制天下死罪降從流，流已下釋放。 京文武官賜勛一轉。
On dingsi of the fourth month, after drought, Lu Xiangxian, Du Xian, and five others toured the provinces to relieve, audit, and judge prisoners. On dingyou Li Xian became Grand Commandant, Li Ye Grand Mentor, Li Tan the heir’s grand tutor, Li Jun Grand Guardian Equal in Rank, Li Qia junior tutor, Li Juan protector. On jiashen the heir married Lady Xue. Capital sentences became exile; lesser offenders were freed. Capital officers gained one merit notch.
177
秋七月乙丑朔，日有蝕之。
The seventh-month yichou new moon brought a solar eclipse.
178
九月壬午，封皇子溢為濟王，沔為信王，泚為義王，漼為陳王，澄為豐王，潓為恆王，漩為涼王，滔為深王。
On renyang eight princes were enfeoffed—Ji, Xin, Yi, Chen, Feng, Heng, Liang, and Shen among them.
179
冬十月庚戌，幸溫泉宮。
On gengxu of the tenth month he went to the Hot Springs Palace.
180
十一月戊子，尚書右丞相宋璟以年老請致仕，許之。
On wuzi Song Jing retired for age.
181
十二月丁未，兵部尚書、徐國公蕭嵩為尚書右丞相，黃門侍郎韓休為兵部尚書，並罷知政事。 京兆尹裴耀卿為黃門侍郎，前中書侍郎張九齡起復舊官，並同中書門下平章事。 是歲，關中久雨害稼，京師饑，詔出太倉米二百萬石給之。 開元二十二年二十二年春正月癸亥朔，制古聖帝明皇、嶽瀆海鎮用牲牢，餘並以酒酺充奠。 己巳，幸東都。 辛未，太府卿嚴挺之、戶部侍郎裴寬於河南存問賑給。 乙酉，懷、衛、邢、相等五州乏糧，遣中書舍人裴敦復巡問，量給種子。 己丑，至東都。
On dingwei Xiao Song became Right Chancellor and Han Xiu War Minister; both left the council. Pei Yaoqing and Zhang Jiuling rejoined the council as equals under the Secretariat and Chancellery. Rains wrecked Guanzhong’s harvest; famine hit the capital; two million bushels left the granary. Kaiyuan 22 began with wine-only offerings save for sage kings, the Bright Emperor, and the great mountains and seas. On jisi he traveled east. On xinwei Yan Tingzhi and Pei Kuan relieved Henan. On yiyou five prefectures needed seed; Pei Dunfu was sent to assess and supply. On jichou he arrived at the Eastern Capital.
182
二月壬寅，秦州地震，廨宇及居人廬舍崩壞殆盡，壓死官吏已下四十餘人，殷殷有聲，仍連震不止。 命尚書右丞相蕭嵩往祭山川，並遣使存問賑恤之，壓死之家給復一年，一家三人已上死者給復二年。 辛亥，初置十道採訪處置使。 徵恆州張果先生，授銀青光祿大夫，號曰通玄先生三月，沒京兆商人任令方資財六十餘萬貫。 壬午，欲令不禁私鑄錢，遣公卿百僚詳議可否。 眾以為不可，遂止。
On renyin Qinzhou quaked; halls and homes collapsed; forty-odd were killed; the ground thundered on and on. Xiao Song sacrificed and sent relief; crushed families got one year’s remission, two if three died in one house. On xinhai the ten-circuit investigation commissioners were created. Zhang Guo the immortal was summoned and styled Master Tongxuan; in the third month Ren Lingfang’s six hundred thousand strings were seized. On renwu he proposed legalizing private minting and ordered a full court debate. The court said no; the plan died.
183
四月乙未，伊西、北庭且依舊為節度。 廢太廟署，以太常寺奉宗廟。 庚子，唐州界準勝州例立表，測候日晷影長短。 乙巳，詔京都見禁囚徒，令中書門下及留守檢覆降罪，天下諸州委刺史。 丁未，眉州鼎皇山下江水中得寶鼎。 甲寅，北庭都護劉渙謀反，伏誅。
On yiwei Yixi and Beiting stayed frontier commands. The ancestral temple office was folded into the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. On gengzi Tang set a shadow-measuring pole like Shengzhou’s. On yisi capital prisoners went to the council and stay-behind for review; elsewhere, to prefects. On dingwei Meizhou fishermen found a sacred tripod in the river. On jiayin Liu Huan of Beiting rebelled and was killed.
184
五月戊子，黃門侍郎裴耀卿為侍中，中書侍郎張九齡為中書令，黃門侍郎李林甫為禮部尚書、同中書門下平章事。 關中大風拔木，同州尤甚。 是夏，上自於苑中種麥，率皇太子已下躬自收獲，謂太子等曰：「此將薦宗廟，是以躬親，亦欲令汝等知稼穡之難也。」 因分賜侍臣，謂曰：「比歲令人巡檢苗稼，所對多不實，故自種植以觀其成； 且《春秋》書麥禾，豈非古人所重也！」 六月乙未，遣左金吾將軍李佺於赤嶺與吐蕃分界立碑。
On wuzi Pei Yaoqing became chief attendant, Zhang Jiuling chancellor, Li Linfu joined the council as Rites Minister. Guanzhong’s gale uprooted trees; Tongzhou was hit hardest. That summer he planted wheat in the park and made the heir and younger princes reap with him, telling them, “This grain is for the ancestors—I work so you may feel how hard the fields are. Then he gave portions to his courtiers and said, “Year after year the crop inspectors lied; I planted myself to see the truth. Did not the Spring and Autumn prize wheat and grain? The ancients weighed them heavily.” With that he ended; on sixth-month yiwei he sent Li Quan to mark the border with Tibet at Red Ridge.
185
七月己巳，司徒、薛王業薨，追謚為惠宣太子。 甲申，遣中書令張九齡充河南開稻田使。
On jisi Prince Xue Li Ye died and was mourned as Crown Prince Hui and Solemn. On jiashen Zhang Jiuling became Henan paddy commissioner.
186
八月，先是駕至東都，遣侍中裴耀卿充江淮、河南轉運使，河口置輸場。 壬寅，於輸場東置河陰縣。 又遣張九齡於許、豫、陳、亳等州置水屯。
In the eighth month: when the court had moved east, Pei Yaoqing became Jiang-Huai and Henan transport commissioner and built a depot at the river mouth. On renyin Heyin county was founded east of the depot. Zhang Jiuling also opened water farms in Xu, Yu, Chen, Bo, and the like.
187
九月壬申，改饒樂都督府為奉誠都督府。 辛巳，移登州平海軍於海口安置。 冬十月甲辰，試司農卿陳思問以贓私配流瀼州。
On renshen Raole became Fengcheng Protectorate. On xinsi Dengzhou’s Pinghai Army shifted to the harbor mouth. On jiachen Chen Siwen, acting agriculture minister, was exiled for corruption.
188
十二月戊子朔，日有蝕之。 乙巳，幽州長史張守珪發兵討契丹，斬其王屈烈及其大臣可突幹於陣，傳首東都，餘叛奚皆散走山谷。 立其酋長李過折為契丹王。 是歲，突厥毗伽可汗死。 斷京城乞兒。 開元二十三年二十三年春正月己亥，親耕籍田，上加至九推而止，卿已下終其畝。 大赦天下。 京文武官及朝集採訪使三品已下加一爵，四品已下加一階，外官賜勛一轉。 其才有霸王之略、學究天人之際、及堪將帥牧宰者，令五品已上清官及刺史各舉一人。 致仕官量與改職，依前致仕。 賜酺三日。
The twelfth-month wuzi new moon brought a solar eclipse. On yisi Zhang Shougui slew Khitan king Qulie and Ketugan in battle and sent their heads east; rebel Xi fled the valleys. Li Guozhe was made Khitan king. That year Türk qaghan Bilge died. Capital begging was banned. Kaiyuan 23’s spring plowing saw the emperor push nine furrows, then ministers finish the field. The realm was amnestied. Capital officers to third rank rose a noble grade; to fourth rank an office step; outer officers a merit turn. Men of grand strategy, cosmic learning, or command were to be nominated by fifth-rank officers and prefects. Retirees were reappointed where fitting, as before. Three days of feasting were proclaimed.
189
三月丁卯，殿中侍御史楊萬頃為仇人所殺。
On dingmao Palace Censor Yang Wanqing was murdered by a foe.
190
夏五月戊寅，宗子請率月俸於興慶宮建龍池，上《聖德頌》。
On wuyin of the fifth month clansmen pooled stipends for Xingqing’s Dragon Pool and offered an ode to sagely virtue.
191
秋七月丙子，皇太子鴻改名瑛，慶王直已下十四王並改名。 又封皇子玭為義王，珪為陳王，珙為豐王，琪為恆王，璿為涼王，璥為汴王。 其榮王琬已下並開府置官屬，各食實封二千戶。
On bingzi the heir Hong became Ying and fourteen younger princes took new names. Six more princes were enfeoffed—Yi, Chen, Feng, Heng, Liang, and Bian among them. From Prince Rong Wan down, each opened a household staff and drew a two-thousand-household fief.
192
八月戊子，制鰥寡惸獨免今年地稅之半，江淮已南有遭水處，本道使賑給之。 九月戊申，移泗州就臨淮縣置。
On wuzi the lonely and childless paid half the land tax; flooded south-Yangtze circuits were told to relieve. On wushen Sizhou’s seat shifted to Linhuai.
193
冬十月辛亥，移隸伊西、北庭都護屬四鎮節度。 突騎施寇北庭及安西撥換城。
On xinhai Yixi and Beiting passed to the Four Garrisons command. Turgesh struck Beiting and Anxi’s Boluo.
194
十一月壬申朔，日有蝕之。
The eleventh-month renshen new moon brought a solar eclipse.
195
十二月，新羅遣使朝獻。 開元二十四年二十四年春正月，吐蕃遣使獻方物。 北庭都護蓋嘉運率兵擊突騎施，破之。
In the twelfth month Silla presented tribute. Kaiyuan 24 opened with Tibetan tribute. Gai Jiayun of Beiting broke Turgesh.
196
三月乙未，始移考功貢舉遣禮部侍郎掌之。
On yiwei civil graduates passed from Personnel Evaluation to the Vice Minister of Rites.
197
夏六月丙午，京兆醴泉妖人劉志誠率眾為亂，將趨京城，咸陽官吏燒便橋以斷其路，俄而散走，京兆府盡擒斬之。 是夏大熱，道路有暍死者。
On bingwu Liu Zhicheng of Liquan rose toward the capital; Xianyang burned Bian Bridge; the rebels scattered and Jingzhao executed them all. The summer scorched; travelers dropped dead of heat.
198
秋七月庚子，太子太保陸象先卒。 辛丑，李林甫為兵部尚書，依舊知政事。 己巳，初置壽星壇，祭老人星及角、亢等七宿。
On gengzi the heir’s protector Lu Xiangxian died. On xinchou Li Linfu took War and kept the council. On jisi the Longevity Star altar was founded for the Old Man and seven lodges including Jiao and Kang.
199
八月戊申朔，加親舅小功服，舅母緦麻服，堂舅袒免。 己亥，深王滔薨九月壬午，改尚書主爵曰司封。
The eighth-month wushen new moon deepened mourning for uncles by blood and marriage. On jihai Prince Shen Tao died; in the ninth month the Titles office became Enfeoffments.
200
冬十月戊申，車駕發東都，還西京。 甲子，至華州，曲赦行在系囚。 丁丑，至自東都。
On wushen the court quit the Eastern Capital for the west. At Huazhou on jiazi he amnestied prisoners on tour. On dingchou he came back from the east.
201
十一月壬寅，侍中裴耀卿為尚書左丞相，中書令張九齡為尚書右丞相，並罷知政事。 兵部尚書李林甫兼中書令，殿中監牛仙客兵部尚書、同中書門下三品。 尚書右丞相蕭嵩為太子太師，工部尚書韓休為太子少保。
On renyin Pei Yaoqing became Left Chancellor and Zhang Jiuling Right; both left the council. Li Linfu doubled as chancellor; Niu Xianke joined the council as War Minister. Xiao Song tutored the heir; Han Xiu became junior tutor.
202
十二月戊申，太子太師、慶王琮為司徒。 丙寅，牛仙客知門下省事。
On wushen Prince Qing Zong became Grand Mentor. On bingyin Niu Xianke took charge of the Chancellery.