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二十一地理四
Treatise 21: Geography 4
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○劍南道東西道九嶺南道五管十劍南道成都府府，隋蜀郡。 ，改為益州，置總管府，管益、綿、陵、遂、資、雅、嘉、滬、戎、會、松、翼、巂、南寧、昆、恭十七州。 益州領成都、雒、九隴、郫、雙流、新津、晉原、青城、陽安、金水、平泉、玄武、綿竹等十三縣。 又置唐隆、導江二縣。 二年，分置邛、眉、普、榮、登五州，屬總管府。 又置新都、什邡二縣。 三年，罷總管，置西南道行臺。 仍分綿竹、導江、九龍三縣立濛州，陽安、金水、平泉三縣立簡州，割玄武屬梓州。 又析置德陽、新繁、萬春三縣。 九年，罷行臺，置都督府，督益、綿、簡、嘉、陵、眉、犍、邛十州，並督巂、南寧、會都督府。 ，廢濛州之九隴、綿竹、導江來屬，仍改萬春為溫江。 六年。 罷南寧都督，更置戎州都督，屬益州。 八年，兼領南金州都督。 十年，又督益、綿、簡、嘉、陵、雅、眉、邛八州，茂、巂二都督。 十七年，置蜀縣。 ，升為大都督府，仍置廣都縣。 ，置金堂。 ，又置唐昌、濛陽二縣。 ，分雒、九隴等十三縣置彭、蜀二州。 其年，又置犀浦縣。 ，又置東陽縣。 ，改益州為蜀郡，依舊大都督府，督劍南三十八郡。 十五載，玄宗幸蜀，駐蹕成都。 十月，駕回西京，改蜀郡為成都府，長史為尹。 又分為劍南東川、西川，各置節度使。 ，黃門侍郎嚴武為成都尹，復並東、西川為一節度。 自崔寧鎮蜀後，分為西川，自後不改。 舊領縣十六，戶十一萬七千八百八十九，口七十四萬三百一十二。 漢朝蜀郡，戶二十六萬八千二百七十，口一百二十四萬。 天寶領縣十，戶十六萬九百五十，口九十二萬八千一百九十九。 在京師西南二千三百七十九里，至東都三千二百一十六里。
○ Jiannan Circuit 9 (East and West), Lingnan Circuit 5 superintendencies, 10 offices. Jiannan Circuit — Chengdu Superior Prefecture: formerly the Sui Shu commandery. The seat was renamed Yi Prefecture and a general protectorate was set up to oversee seventeen prefectures: Yi, Mian, Ling, Sui, Zi, Ya, Jia, Lu, Rong, Hui, Song, Yi, Xi, Nanning, Kun, and Gong. Yi Prefecture comprised thirteen counties, including Chengdu, Luo, Jiulong, Pi, Shuangliu, Xinjin, Jinyuan, Qingcheng, Yang'an, Jinshui, Pingquan, Xuanwu, and Mianzhu. Tanglong and Daojiang counties were added as well. In year 2, Qiong, Mei, Pu, Rong, and Deng were carved out as five prefectures under the general protectorate. Xindu and Shifang counties were also created. In year 3 the general protectorate was abolished and a southwest circuit headquarters was installed. Mianzhu, Daojiang, and Jiulong were separated to form Meng Prefecture; Yang'an, Jinshui, and Pingquan formed Jian Prefecture; and Xuanwu was transferred to Zi Prefecture. Deyang, Xinfan, and Wanchun were also established by division. In year 9 the mobile secretariat was abolished; a protectorate supervised ten prefectures (Yi, Mian, Jian, Jia, Ling, Mei, Qian, and Qiong) plus the Xi, Nanning, and Hui protectorate seats. After Meng Prefecture was abolished, Jiulong, Mianzhu, and Daojiang were reassigned here, and Wanchun was renamed Wenjiang. In the sixth year. The Nanning protectorate was abolished and a Rongzhou protectorate was established under Yi Prefecture. In year 8 it also oversaw the Nanjinzhou protectorate. In year 10 it again supervised eight prefectures (Yi, Mian, Jian, Jia, Ling, Ya, Mei, and Qiong) and the Mao and Xi protectorate seats. In year 17 Shu County was created. The seat was raised to a great protectorate, and Guangdu County was also established. Jintang County was added. Tangchang and Mengyang counties were also created. Peng and Shu prefectures were carved out of thirteen counties including Luo and Jiulong. In the same year Xipu County was also added. Dongyang County was also created. Yi Prefecture became the Shu commandery again, still a great protectorate overseeing thirty-eight Jiannan prefectures. In year 15 of the reign title, Emperor Xuanzong fled to Shu and encamped at Chengdu. In the tenth month the court returned to the Western Capital; the Shu commandery became Chengdu Superior Prefecture, and the chief administrator was titled prefect (yin). Jiannan was further split into Eastern and Western Chuan circuits, each with its own military governor. Huangmen Vice Minister Yan Wu was made Chengdu prefect, and Eastern and Western Chuan were reunited under one military commission. After Cui Ning governed Shu, the circuit was split into Western Chuan and has remained so ever since. It formerly had sixteen counties, 117,889 households, and 740,312 persons. Under the Han the Shu commandery had 268,270 households and 1.24 million persons. At Tianbao it had ten counties, 160,950 households, and 928,199 persons. It stood 2,379 li southwest of the capital and 3,216 li from the Eastern Capital.
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漢縣，屬蜀郡。 漢朝成都一縣，管戶一萬六千二百五十六。 蜀，三代之時西南夷國，或臣或否。 至秦惠王既霸西戎，欲廣其地，乃令其相張儀、司馬錯伐蜀。 取其地，立漢中、巴、蜀三郡。 蜀王本都廣都之樊鄉，張儀平蜀後，自赤裏街移治於少城，今州城是也。 蜀城，張儀所築
A Han county in the Shu commandery. In Han times Chengdu was a single county with 16,256 registered households. Shu was a southwestern barbarian realm in the Three Dynasties era, sometimes tributary and sometimes independent. After King Hui of Qin dominated the western Rong and sought more land, he sent Chancellor Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo to conquer Shu. Once the territory was taken, he established three commanderies: Hanzhong, Ba, and Shu. The Shu king had ruled from Fansi in Guangdu; after Zhang Yi pacified Shu the seat moved from Chilijie to Shaocheng, which is today's prefectural city. The Shu city wall was built by Zhang Yi
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，分成都縣置蜀縣，在州郭下，與成都分理。 二月，改為華陽。 新都漢縣，屬廣漢郡
Shu County was split off from Chengdu below the prefectural wall and administered separately. In the second month it was renamed Huayang. Xindu: a Han county in the Guanghan commandery
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漢繁縣，屬蜀郡。 劉禪時加「新」字
Fan County under the Han, part of the Shu commandery. Under Liu Shan the character for "new" was added to the name
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，分成都縣置
It was established by splitting off from Chengdu County
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漢廣都縣地，屬蜀郡。 隋置雙流縣
Territory of Han Guangdu County in the Shu commandery. The Sui established Shuangliu County
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，分雙流置，取隋舊名
Carved out from Shuangliu under a restored Sui-era name
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縣，屬蜀郡。 隋置濛州，大業省為郫縣。 溫江漢郫縣地，魏蜀郡治於此。 隋為萬春縣。 ，改為溫江
A county in the Shu commandery. The Sui created Meng Prefecture; under Daye it was reduced to Pi County. Wenjiang occupied Han Pi County; under Wei the Shu commandery seat was here. Under the Sui it was Wanchun County. It was renamed Wenjiang.
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，分蜀縣置東陽縣。 ，改為靈池。 漢州，上，，分益州五縣置漢州。 ，改為德陽郡。 ，復為漢州。 領縣五，戶六萬九千五，口三十萬八千二百三。 至京師二千二百里，至東都三千一百一十六里。
Dongyang County was split off from Shu County. It was renamed Lingchi. Han Prefecture (superior): established by splitting five counties from Yi Prefecture. It was renamed the Deyang commandery. It was restored as Han Prefecture. It had five counties, 69,500 households, and 308,203 persons. 2,200 li to the capital and 3,116 li to the Eastern Capital.
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縣，屬廣漢郡。 後漢置益州，治於雒。 晉置新都郡，宋、齊為廣漢郡。 ，置漢州。 皆治雒縣也
A county in the Guanghan commandery. The Later Han created Yi Province with its seat at Luo. Jin made it Xindu commandery; under Song and Qi it was Guanghan commandery. Han Prefecture was established. In each case the seat was Luo County.
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後周廢縣。 ，分雒置
Northern Zhou abolished the county. It was carved out from Luo County
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漢縣，屬廣漢郡。 後周改為方寧。 ，改為什邡。 雍齒侯邑，在縣北四十步。 綿竹漢縣，屬廣漢郡。 隋，置晉熙縣。 十八年，又改為孝水縣。 ，改為綿竹。 ，屬濛州。 州廢，來屬之
A Han county in the Guanghan commandery. Northern Zhou renamed it Fangning. It was renamed Shifang. The estate of Marquis Yong Chi stood forty paces north of the county seat. Mianzhu: a Han county in the Guanghan commandery. Under the Sui, Jingxi County was established. In year 18 it was renamed Xiaoshui County. It was renamed Mianzhu. It belonged to Meng Prefecture. After the prefecture was abolished it was reassigned here.
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，分雒縣、新都置，屬益州。 ，來屬。 彭州，上，，分益州四縣置彭州，，改為蒙陽郡。 ，復為彭州。 領縣四，戶五萬五千九百二十二，口三十五萬七千三百八十七。 至京師二千三百三十九里，至東都三千一百六十九里。
Carved out of Luo and Xindu counties and placed under Yi Prefecture. It was then reassigned here. Peng Prefecture (superior): carved from four Yi Prefecture counties; later renamed the Mengyang commandery. It was restored as Peng Prefecture. It had four counties, 55,922 households, and 357,387 persons. 2,339 li to the capital and 3,169 li to the Eastern Capital.
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州所治。 漢繁縣地，宋置晉壽郡，古城在縣西北三里。 梁置東益州。 後魏為天水郡，仍改為九隴。 初於縣東三里置濛州，大業省。 ，復置濛州，領九隴、綿竹、導江三縣，置彭州之名也。 三縣置，屬益州。 ，屬彭州。 ，改為周昌。 神龍初復置
The prefectural seat. Territory of Han Fan County; Song made it Jinshou commandery; the old town stands three li northwest. Liang established Eastern Yi Province here. Northern Wei made it Tianshui commandery, then renamed it Jiulong. Meng Prefecture was first placed three li east of the county seat and abolished under Daye. Meng Prefecture was restored over Jiulong, Mianzhu, and Daojiang—the arrangement later reflected in the founding of Peng Prefecture. Those three counties were created and placed under Yi Prefecture. It then belonged to Peng Prefecture. It was renamed Zhou Chang. Restored at the opening of the Shenlong era
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，分九隴、雒、什邡三縣置，屬益州。 ，來屬
Carved out of Jiulong, Luo, and Shifang and placed under Yi Prefecture. It was then reassigned here.
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蜀置都安縣，後周改為汶山。 ，改為盤龍，尋改為導江。 三年，割屬濛州。 州廢，屬益州。 舊治灌口城，，移治導江郡。 ，來屬。 蜀州，，分益州四縣置。 ，改為唐安郡。 ，復為蜀州也。 領縣四，戶五萬六千五百七十七，口三十九萬六百九十四。 至京師三千三百三十二里，至東都三千一百七十二里。
Shu created Du'an County; Northern Zhou renamed it Wenshan. Renamed Panlong, then soon Daojiang. In year 3 it was transferred to Meng Prefecture. After the prefecture was abolished it came under Yi Prefecture. Its former seat was Guankou walled city; in Wude 1 the administration was moved to Daojiang commandery. In Chuigong 2 it was transferred here. Shu Prefecture: carved from four Yi Prefecture counties in Chuigong 2. In Tianbao 1 it was renamed the Tang'an commandery. Under Qianyuan it became Shu Prefecture again. It had four counties, 56,577 households, and 390,694 persons. 3,332 li to the capital and 3,172 li to the Eastern Capital.
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，漢江源地，屬蜀州。 李雄立江源郡，晉改為多融縣，又改為晉原。 鶴鳴山，在西北十里
Territory of the Han Jiang River source county, under Shu Prefecture. Li Xiong created Jiangyuan commandery; Jin renamed it Duorong County, then Jinyuan. Heming Mountain stands ten li to the northwest.
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，漢江源縣地。 南齊置齊基縣，後周改為青城。 山在西北三十二里。 舊「青」字加水，，去「水」為「青」
Territory of Han Jiang River Source County. Southern Qi created Qiji County; Northern Zhou renamed it Qingcheng. The mountain stands thirty-two li to the northwest. The name once used the character for "clear" with the water radical; in Kaiyuan 18 that radical was dropped, restoring the plain "qing."
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，本漢江源縣地，後魏於此立犍為郡及僰道縣。 隋省。 復置，改為唐隆。 ，為武隆。 ，改為唐安
Originally Han Jiang River Source County territory; Northern Wei established Qian Commandery and Bodao County here. It was abolished under the Sui. Restored in Wude 1 and renamed Tanglong. In Changshou 2 it was renamed Wulong. In Xiantian 1 it became Tang'an.
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，漢武陽縣，屬犍為郡。 後周改為新津，屬益州。 ，屬蜀州也。 眉州，上，隋眉山郡之通義縣。 ，割嘉州之通義、丹棱、洪雅、青神、南安五縣置眉州。 五年，省南安。 ，置隆山縣。 ，改為通義郡。 ，復為眉州也。 舊領縣五，戶三萬六千九，口十六萬九千七百五十五。 天寶，戶四萬三千五百二十九，口一十七萬五千二百五十六。 至京師二千五百五十里，至東都三千二百八十九里。
Han Wuyang County, under Qian Commandery. Northern Zhou renamed it Xinjin and placed it under Yi Prefecture. In Chuigong 2 it came under Shu Prefecture. Mei Prefecture (superior): formerly Tongyi County in the Sui Meishan commandery. In Wude 2, Tongyi, Danling, Hongya, Qingshen, and Nan'an were carved out of Jia Prefecture to form Mei Prefecture. In year 5 Nan'an was abolished. In Zhenguan 2 Longshan County was created. In Tianbao 1 it was renamed the Tongyi commandery. Under Qianyuan it became Mei Prefecture again. It formerly had five counties, 36,900 households, and 169,755 persons. At Tianbao it had 43,529 households and 175,256 persons. 2,550 li to the capital and 3,289 li to the Eastern Capital.
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後漢置通義縣，屬齊通郡。 梁改為青州，後魏改為眉州。 後改通義為安洛，又復通義。 隋初為廣通，尋改為通義。 ，于縣置唐眉州也
The Later Han created Tongyi County under Qitong Commandery. Liang renamed it Qing Prefecture; Northern Wei renamed it Mei Prefecture. Later it was renamed Anluo, then restored as Tongyi. Early Sui called it Guangtong; it was soon renamed Tongyi. In Wude 1 Tang Mei Prefecture was installed at the county seat.
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漢武陽縣地，屬犍為。 晉于郡置西江陽郡。 後魏增置隆山郡，以界內有鼎鼻山，地形隆故也。 隋改為陵州隆山縣。 ，改為彭山也
Territory of Han Wuyang County, under Qian Commandery. Jin established Xijiangyang Commandery at the prefectural seat. Northern Wei added Longshan Commandery, named for Dingbi Mountain within its bounds and the elevated terrain. The Sui made it Longshan County under Ling Prefecture. In Xiantian 1 it was renamed Pengshan.
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本南齊齊樂郡，後周改為洪雅縣。 隋改為丹棱，屬嘉州。 ，來屬也
Formerly Southern Qi's Qile Commandery; Northern Zhou renamed it Hongya County. The Sui renamed it Danling and placed it under Jia Prefecture. In Wude 2 it was transferred here.
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後周洪雅鎮，隋改為縣。 ，置犍州。 貞觀初，州廢，屬眉州也。
A Northern Zhou garrison at Hongya; the Sui converted it into a county. In Wude 9 Qian Prefecture was created. Early in Zhenguan the prefecture was abolished and the county came under Mei Prefecture.
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漢南安縣，屬犍為郡。 縣臨青衣江，西魏置青衣縣。 本治思蒙水口，，移於今治，屬眉州也。 綿州，上，隋金山郡。 ，改為綿州，領巴西、昌隆、涪城、魏城、金山、萬安、神泉七縣。 三年，分置顯武、龍安、文義、鹽泉四縣。 七年，省金山縣。 ，又省文義縣。 舊領縣九，戶四萬三千九百四，口十九萬五千五百六十三。 天寶領縣九，戶六萬五千六十六，口二十六萬三千三百五十二。 至京師二千五百九里，至東都三千二百五十九里。
Han Nan'an County, under Qian Commandery. The county lies on the Qingyi River; Western Wei created Qingyi County here. It was originally seated at Simeng River mouth; in Wude 8 it moved to the present site under Mei Prefecture. Mian Prefecture (superior): formerly the Sui Jinshan commandery. In Wude 1 it became Mian Prefecture over seven counties: Brazil, Changlong, Fuocheng, Weicheng, Jinshan, Wan'an, and Shenquan. In year 3, Xianwu, Long'an, Wanyi, and Yanquan were carved out as four new counties. In year 7 Jinshan County was abolished. In Zhenguan 1 Wanyi County was abolished as well. It formerly had nine counties, 43,904 households, and 195,563 persons. At Tianbao it had nine counties, 65,066 households, and 263,352 persons. 2,509 li to the capital and 3,259 li to the Eastern Capital.
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，漢涪縣，屬廣漢郡。 晉置梓潼郡，西魏置潼州。 隋改為綿州，煬帝改為金山郡。 隋改涪為巴西縣也。
Han Fu County, under Guanghan Commandery. Jin created Zitong Commandery; Western Wei established Tong Prefecture. The Sui made it Mian Prefecture; Emperor Yang renamed it the Jinshan commandery. The Sui renamed Fu County as Brazil.
28
，漢涪縣地，東晉置始平郡。 後魏改為涪城及潼縣。 隋改潼為涪城。
Territory of Han Fu County; Eastern Jin established Shiping Commandery here. Northern Wei split it into Fuocheng and Tong counties. The Sui renamed Tong County as Fuocheng.
29
，漢涪縣地，晉置漢昌縣，後魏為昌隆。 ，改為昌明。 舊有顯武縣，，改為興聖。 廢，併入昌明，仍分巴西、涪城、萬安三縣地置興聖縣。 二十七年廢，地各還本屬。
Han Fu County territory; Jin created Hanchang County; Northern Wei renamed it Changlong. In Xiantian 1 it was renamed Changming. It once had Xianwu County; in Shenlong 1 that name became Xingsheng. In Kaiyuan 2 it was abolished and merged into Changming, though territory from Brazil, Fuocheng, and Wan'an was re-divided to create Xingsheng County. In year 27 it was abolished and its territory reverted to the original counties.
30
，隋置
It was established under the Sui.
31
，漢涪縣地。 晉于梓潼水尾萬安故城置萬安縣。 後魏置萬安郡，隋廢。 ，改萬安為羅江。 廉泉、讓水，出縣北平地也。
Territory of Han Fu County. Jin created Wan'an County at the old Wan'an town where the Zitong River ends. Northern Wei established Wan'an Commandery; the Sui abolished it. In Tianbao 1 Wan'an was renamed Luojiang. Lian Spring and Rang River rise from the flat country north of the county seat.
32
，漢涪縣地。 晉置西充國縣，隋改為神泉，以縣西泉能愈疾故也。
Territory of Han Fu County. Jin created Xichongguo County; the Sui renamed it Shenquan for a healing spring west of the town.
33
，，分魏城置也。
In Wude 3 it was carved out of Weicheng County.
34
，隋金山縣。 ，復置，改為龍安。
Formerly Sui Jinshan County. In Wude 3 it was restored and renamed Long'an.
35
，隋金山縣。 隋末廢。 ，復置，改為西昌也。 劍州，隋普安郡。 ，改為始州，領縣七。 ，置劍門縣。 ，改始州為劍州。 ，改為普安郡。 ，復為劍州也。 舊領縣七，戶三萬六千七百一十四，口十九萬九十六。 天寶領縣八，戶二萬三千五百一十，口一十萬四百五十。 至京師一千六百六十二里，至東都二千五百六十里。
Formerly Sui Jinshan County. It was abolished in the final years of the Sui. In Yongchun 1 it was restored and renamed Xichang. Jian Prefecture: formerly the Sui Pu'an commandery. In Wude 1 it became Shizhou with seven counties. In Shengli 2 Jianmen County was created. In Xiantian 2 Shizhou was renamed Jian Prefecture. In Tianbao 5 it became the Pu'an commandery. Under Qianyuan it became Jian Prefecture again. It formerly had seven counties, 36,714 households, and 199,096 persons. At Tianbao it had eight counties, 23,510 households, and 100,450 persons. 1,662 li to the capital and 2,560 li to the Eastern Capital.
36
，漢梓潼縣，廣漢郡治也。 宋置南安郡，梁置南梁州，又改為安州。 西魏改為始州，兼置普安郡。 ，復為始州。 皆治于普安也。
Han Zitong County, the seat of Guanghan Commandery. Song created Nan'an Commandery; Liang established Southern Liang Province, then renamed it An Prefecture. Western Wei made it Shizhou and also established Pu'an Commandery. In Wude 1 it was again made Shizhou. In every case the seat was at Pu'an.
37
，梁分梓潼縣置梁安縣，尋改為黃安。
Liang carved Liang'an County out of Zitong and soon renamed it Huang'an.
38
，隋分梓潼縣置。
The Sui established it by dividing Zitong County.
39
，漢縣。 蜀先分廣漢置梓潼，西魏改為潼川郡，隋為梓潼縣。 後魏自涪縣移梓潼郡於今縣，屬始州，仍改郡為縣也。
It was a county of Han. Shu carved Zitong out of Guanghan; Western Wei made it Tongchuan Commandery; the Sui reduced it to Zitong County. Northern Wei transferred Zitong Commandery from Fu County to the present seat, placed it under Shizhou, and converted the commandery into a county.
40
，晉流人入蜀，於縣置北陰平郡。 山北有十八隴山，山有隴十八也。
After Jin refugees entered Shu, Northern Yinping Commandery was set up at this county. North of the county lies Mount Shibajian, a peak with eighteen ridges.
41
，漢梓潼縣地。 宋置武都郡及下辨縣，又改下辨為武功。 後魏改為武連也。
Territory of Han Zitong County. Song created Wudu Commandery and Xiabian County, then renamed Xiabian Wugong. Northern Wei renamed it Wulian.
42
，漢梓潼縣地。 南齊置相厚縣，隋改為臨津也。
Territory of Han Zitong County. Southern Qi created Xianghou County; the Sui renamed it Linjin.
43
，，分普安、永歸、陰平三縣地，于方期驛城置劍門，縣界大劍山，即梁山也。 其北三十里所，有小劍山。 大劍山有劍閣道，三十里至劍處，張載刻銘之所。 劍山東西二百三十一里。 梓州，上，隋新城郡。 ，改為梓州，領郪、射洪、鹽亭、飛烏四縣。 三年，又以益州玄武來屬。 四年，又置永泰縣。 ，置銅山縣。 ，改為梓潼郡。 ，復為梓州。 乾元後，分蜀為東、西川，梓州恆為東川節度使治所。 舊領縣七，戶四萬五千九百二十九，口二十四萬八千三百九十四。 天寶領縣八，戶六萬一千八百二十四，口二十四萬六千六百五十二。 至京師二千九十里，至東都二千九百里。
In Shengli 2, territory from Pu'an, Yonggui, and Yinping was carved out to establish Jianmen at Fangqi Station; the county bounds Great Jian Mountain, also called Liang Mountain. About thirty li to the north stands Lesser Jian Mountain. Great Jian Mountain carries the Sword Pass Road; thirty li along it lies the Sword Place, site of Zhang Zai's inscribed stele. The Jian range runs 231 li from east to west. Ziz Prefecture, a superior prefecture: formerly the Sui Xincheng commandery. In Wude 1 it became Ziz Prefecture, governing Qi, Shehong, Yanting, and Feiwu. In year 3, Xuanwu was transferred from Yi Prefecture. In year 4 Yongtai County was added. In Diaolu 1 Tongshan County was created. In Tianbao 1 it became Zitong Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Ziz Prefecture. After Qianyuan, Shu was split into eastern and western circuits, and Ziz Prefecture permanently served as headquarters of the Dongchuan military commissioner. It formerly had seven counties, 45,929 households, and 248,394 persons. At Tianbao it had eight counties, 61,824 households, and 246,652 persons. 2,090 li to the capital and 2,900 li to the Eastern Capital.
44
縣，屬廣漢郡，曆晉、宋、齊不改。 梁於縣置新州，西魏改為昌城郡。 隋改為梓州，煬帝改為新城郡。 郡城左帶涪水，右挾中江，鄰居水陸之要。 梓州所治，以梓潼水為名也。
Qi County of Han belonged to Guanghan Commandery and remained unchanged through Jin, Song, and Qi. Liang placed Xin Prefecture at this seat; Western Wei made it Changcheng Commandery. The Sui renamed it Ziz Prefecture; Emperor Yang made it Xincheng Commandery. The prefectural seat lies along the Fu River on one side and the Zhong River on the other, at a key junction of land and water routes. The Ziz Prefecture seat is named for the Zitong River.
45
，漢郪縣地，後魏分置射洪縣。 婁縷灘東六里，有射江，語訛為「洪」。
Territory of Han Qi County; Northern Wei carved out Shehong County. Six li east of Loulü Shoals lies the She River, whose name was slurred in local speech as "Hong."
46
，漢廣漢縣地，隋縣也。
Territory of Han Guanghan County, established as a Sui county.
47
，漢底道縣，屬蜀郡。 晉改為玄武。 ，屬益州。 三年，割屬梓州也。
Han Didao County, subject to Shu Commandery. Jin renamed it Xuanwu. In Wude 1 it was attached to Yi Prefecture. In year 3 it was transferred to Ziz Prefecture.
48
，漢廣漢縣地，梁置鹽亭縣也。
Territory of Han Guanghan County; Liang created Yanting County.
49
，漢郪縣地，隋置飛烏鎮，又改為縣，取飛烏山為名也。
Territory of Han Qi County; the Sui set up Feiwu garrison and later made it a county named for Mount Feiwu.
50
，，分鹽亭、武安二縣置。
In Wude 4 it was created from parts of Yanting and Wu'an.
51
，，分郪、飛烏二縣地置也。 閬州，隋巴西郡。 ，改為隆州，領閬中、南部、蒼溪、南充、相如、西水、三城、奉國、儀隴、大寅十縣。 其年，又立新井、思恭二縣。 四年，以南充、相如屬果州，儀隴、大寅屬蓬州。 又置新政。 七年，又以奉國屬西平州。 還以奉國來屬。 又省思恭入閬中縣。 ，改為閬州。 ，改為閬中郡。 ，復為閬州。 舊領縣八，戶三萬八千九百四十九，口二十七萬三千五百四十三。 今領縣九，戶二萬五千五百八十八，口十三萬二千一百九十二。 至京師一千九百一十五里，至東都二千七百六十里。
In Diaolu 1 it was formed from territory taken from Qi and Feiwu. Lang Prefecture: formerly the Sui Brazil commandery. In Wude 1 it became Long Prefecture, governing ten counties: Langzhong, Nanbu, Cangxi, Nanchong, Xiangru, Xishui, Sancheng, Fengguo, Yilong, and Dayin. The same year also saw the creation of Xinjing and Sigong counties. In year 4 Nanchong and Xiangru went to Guo Prefecture, while Yilong and Dayin went to Peng Prefecture. Xinzheng County was also created. In year 7 Fengguo was transferred to Xiping Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 Fengguo was brought back under Long Prefecture. Sigong was abolished and incorporated into Langzhong County. In Xiantian 1 it was renamed Lang Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became Langzhong Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Lang Prefecture. It formerly had eight counties, 38,949 households, and 273,543 persons. It now has nine counties, 25,588 households, and 132,192 persons. 1,915 li to the capital and 2,760 li to the Eastern Capital.
52
，漢縣，屬巴郡。 梁置北巴州。 西魏置隆州及盤龍郡。 煬帝改為巴西郡。 武德為隆州。 皆治閬中。 閬水迂曲經郡三面，故曰閬中，隋為閬內也。
A Han county subject to Ba Commandery. Liang created Northern Ba Prefecture. Western Wei set up Long Prefecture and Panlong Commandery. Emperor Yang made it Brazil Commandery. In the Wude era it served as Long Prefecture. In every case the seat was at Langzhong. The Lang River loops around three sides of the prefecture, giving Langzhong its name; under the Sui the seat was called Langnei.
53
，漢閬中縣地。 梁置金匱二。 又為金遷郡。 隋省郡，改為晉城。 武德改為晉安也。
Territory of Han Langzhong County. Liang created Jinkui County. It was also organized as Jinqian Commandery. The Sui abolished the commandery and renamed the seat Jincheng. In the Wude era it was renamed Jin'an.
54
，後漢分閬中置充國縣，屬巴郡。 又分置南充國郡。 梁改為南充郡，隋改為南部也。
Eastern Han carved Chongguo County out of Langzhong and placed it under Ba Commandery. Nanchong State Commandery was also set up. Liang made it Nanchong Commandery; the Sui renamed it Nanbu.
55
，後漢分宕渠置漢昌縣，屬巴郡。 隋改漢昌為蒼溪也。
Eastern Han carved Hanchang County out of Dangqu and placed it under Ba Commandery. The Sui renamed Hanchang Cangxi.
56
，漢閬中縣地。 梁置掌夫城，後周改為西水縣。
Territory of Han Langzhong County. Liang built Zhangfu Fort; Northern Zhou made it Xishui County.
57
，後漢分閬中置。 ，屬西平州。 ，還屬隆州。
Eastern Han carved it out of Langzhong. In Wude 7 it was attached to Xiping Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 it was restored to Long Prefecture.
58
，漢充國縣地。 ，分南部、晉安二縣置。 界內有鹽井。
Territory of Han Chongguo County. In Wude 1 it was created from parts of Nanbu and Jin'an. The county contains salt wells.
59
，，分南部、相如兩縣置。
In Wude 4 it was formed from parts of Nanbu and Xiangru.
60
，舊屬利州，來屬也。 果州，中，隋巴西郡之南充縣。 ，割隆州之南充、相如二縣置果州，因果山為名。 又置西充、郎池二縣。 ，為南充郡。 ，復為果州也。 舊領縣四，戶一萬三千五百一十，口七萬五千八百一十一。 天寶領縣六，戶三萬三千九百四，口八萬九千二百二十五。 至京師二千五百五十八里，至東都三千四百二十三里。
Formerly under Li Prefecture, it was transferred here in Kaiyuan 23. Guo Prefecture, a middle-grade seat: formerly Nanchong County in the Sui Brazil commandery. In Wude 4 Nanchong and Xiangru were taken from Long Prefecture to form Guo Prefecture, named for Mount Guo. Xichong and Langchi counties were also added. In Tianbao 1 it became Nanchong Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Guo Prefecture. It formerly had four counties, 13,510 households, and 75,811 persons. At Tianbao it had six counties, 33,904 households, and 89,225 persons. 2,558 li to the capital and 3,423 li to the Eastern Capital.
61
漢安漢縣，屬巴郡。 宋于安漢故城置南宕渠郡。 隋改安漢為南充。 果山，在縣南八里。
Han Anhan County, subject to Ba Commandery. Song placed Southern Dangqu Commandery at the old seat of Anhan. The Sui renamed Anhan Nanchong. Mount Guo lies eight li south of the county seat.
62
漢安漢縣地，梁置梓潼郡。 周省郡，立相如縣，以縣城南二十里，有相如故宅二。 相如坪，有琴臺。
Territory of Han Anhan County; Liang created Zitong Commandery. Northern Zhou abolished the commandery and set up Xiangru County; twenty li south of the seat lies Xiang Ru's former residence, of which there are two. Xiangru Flatland has a Zither Terrace.
63
，析南充縣于溪水側置也。
In Kaiyao 1 it was carved from Nanchong and placed beside the stream.
64
，分南充置。 有西充山。
In Wude 4 it was created from Nanchong. Mount Xichong lies within the county.
65
，分相如置。
In Wude 4 it was carved out of Xiangru County.
66
，分南充、相如二縣置。 初治思岳池，，移治今所。 遂州，中，隋遂寧郡。 ，改為遂州，領方義、長江、青石三縣。 二年，置總管府，管遂、梓、資、普四州。 貞觀罷總管。 十年，復置都督，督遂、果、普、合四州。 十七年，罷都督府。 ，改為遂寧郡。 ，復為遂州。 舊領縣三，戶一萬二千九百七十七，口六萬六千四百六十九。 天寶領縣五，戶三萬五千六百三十二，口十萬七千七百一十六。 至京師二千三百二十九里，至東京三千一百六十六里。
In Wansui Tongtian 2 it was formed from parts of Nanchong and Xiangru. It was first administered at Siyuechi; in Kaiyuan 20 the seat moved to the present location. Suizhou, a middle-grade seat: formerly the Suining commandery under the Sui. In Wude 1 it became Suizhou, governing Fangyi, Changjiang, and Qingshi. In year 2 a general protectorate was set up to oversee Suizhou, Ziz, Zi, and Pu prefectures. The general protectorate was abolished in the Zhenguan era. In year 10 the protectorate was restored to oversee Suizhou, Guo, Pu, and He. In year 17 the protectorate headquarters was abolished. In Tianbao 1 it became Suining Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Suizhou. It formerly had three counties, 12,977 households, and 66,469 persons. At Tianbao it had five counties, 35,632 households, and 107,716 persons. 2,329 li to the capital and 3,166 li to the Eastern Capital.
67
漢廣漢縣，屬廣漢郡。 宋置遂甯郡，齊、梁加「東」字。 後周改東遂寧為遂州。 後魏改廣漢為方義。
Han Guanghan County, subject to Guanghan Commandery. Song created Suining Commandery; Southern Qi and Liang prefixed it with "East." Northern Zhou renamed East Suining Sui Prefecture. Northern Wei renamed Guanghan Fangyi.
68
東晉巴興縣，魏改為長江。 舊治靈鷲山，，移治白桃川也
An Eastern Jin seat called Baxing; Wei renamed it Changjiang. The old seat was at Mount Lingjiu; in Shangyuan 2 administration moved to Baitao Stream.
69
，分方義縣置唐興縣。 ，改為武豐。 神龍初復。 ，分唐興置唐安縣。 ，廢唐安縣，移唐安廢縣置。 ，改唐興為蓬溪也。
In Wude 4 Tangxing County was carved out of Fangyi. In Changshou 2 it was renamed Wufeng. It was restored at the opening of the Shenlong era. During Kaiyuan Tang'an County was carved out of Tangxing. Under Kaiyuan Tang'an was abolished and then re-created at the old Tang'an seat. Under Tianbao Tangxing was renamed Pengxi.
70
東晉晉興縣。 後魏改為始興。 隋改始興為青石，以縣界有青石祠也。
An Eastern Jin county called Jinxing. Northern Wei renamed it Shixing. The Sui renamed Shixing Qingshi after a Qingshi Shrine in the county.
71
分置。 普州，中，隋資陽郡之安嶽縣。 ，分資州之安岳、隆康、安居、普慈四縣置普州。 三年，又置樂至、隆龕二縣。 ，改為安嶽郡。 ，復為普州。 舊領縣六，戶二萬五千八百四十，口六萬七千三百二十。 天寶領縣四，戶二萬五千六百九十三，口七萬四千六百九十二。 至京師二千三百六十里，至東都三千二百三里。
In Wude 3 it was created by administrative division. Pu Prefecture, a middle-grade seat: formerly Anyue County in the Sui Ziyang commandery. In Wude 2 Anyue, Longkang, Anju, and Puci were taken from Zi Prefecture to form Pu Prefecture. In year 3 Lezhi and Longqian counties were also added. In Tianbao 1 it became Anyue Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Pu Prefecture. It formerly had six counties, 25,840 households, and 67,320 persons. At Tianbao it had four counties, 25,693 households, and 74,692 persons. 2,360 li to the capital and 3,203 li to the Eastern Capital.
72
漢犍為、巴郡地，資中、牛鞞、墊江三縣地。 李雄亂後，為獠所據。 梁招撫之，置普慈郡。 後周置普州，隋省。 ，復置，安嶽為治所。
Han-era lands of Qianwei and Ba commanderies, covering Zizhong, Niubi, and Dianjiang. After Li Xiong's uprising it fell to Liao tribesmen. Liang brought the area under control and created Puci Commandery. Northern Zhou set up Pu Prefecture; the Sui abolished it. In Wude 2 it was re-established, with Anyue as the administrative center.
73
後周柔剛縣，屬安居郡。 隋改柔剛為安居。 柔剛山，在縣東二十步。 舊治柔剛山，，移理張柵也。
Northern Zhou Rougang County, subject to Anju Commandery. The Sui renamed Rougang Anju. Mount Rougang stands twenty paces east of the county seat. The old seat was at Mount Rougang; in Tianshou 2 administration moved to Zhangzha.
74
後周永唐縣，隋改為永康，移治伏強城，尋改為隆康。 ，改為普康也。
Northern Zhou created Yongtang County; the Sui renamed it Yongkang, moved the seat to Fuqiang Fort, and soon made it Longkang. In Xiantian 1 it was renamed Pukang.
75
後周隆龕城，隋隆龕縣。 舊治整瀨川，，移治波羅川。 ，為崇龕。 隆龕山，在縣西三里也。 陵州，中，隋隆山郡。 ，改為陵州，領仁壽、貴平、井研、始建、隆山五縣。 ，割隆山屬眉州。 ，改為仁壽郡。 ，復為陵州也。 舊領縣四，戶一萬七千四百四十一，口八萬一百一十。 天寶領縣五，戶三萬四千七百二十八，口一十萬一百二十八。 至京師二千五百一十里，至東都三千四百八十四里。
Northern Zhou built Longqian Fort; the Sui made it Longqian County. The old seat lay on Zhenlai Stream; in Jiushi 1 administration moved to Boluo Stream. In Xiantian 1 it was renamed Chongqian. Mount Longqian stands three li west of the county seat. Ling Prefecture, a middle-grade seat: formerly the Sui Longshan commandery. In Wude 1 it became Ling Prefecture, governing Renshou, Guiping, Jingyan, Shijian, and Longshan. In Zhenguan 1 Longshan was transferred to Mei Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became Renshou Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Ling Prefecture. It formerly had four counties, 17,441 households, and 80,110 persons. At Tianbao it had five counties, 34,728 households, and 101,128 persons. 2,510 li to the capital and 3,484 li to the Eastern Capital.
76
，漢武陽縣東境，屬犍為郡。 晉置西城戍，以為井防。 後魏平蜀，改為普寧縣。 後周置陵州，以州南陵井為名。 隋改普甯為仁壽，所治也
Eastern territory of Han Wuyang County, within Qianwei Commandery. Jin placed Xicheng Garrison here as a well defense. After Northern Wei conquered Shu it was renamed Puning County. Northern Zhou created Ling Prefecture, named for the Ling Well south of the seat. The Sui renamed Puning Renshou, which served as the prefectural seat.
77
，漢廣都縣之東南地，屬蜀郡。 後魏置和仁郡，仍立平井、貴平、可曇三縣。 舊治和仁城，，移治祿川也
Southeastern lands of Han Guangdu County, within Shu Commandery. Northern Wei created Heren Commandery and established Pingjing, Guiping, and Ketan counties. The old seat was at Heren Fort; administration was later moved to Luchuan.
78
，漢武陽縣地。 東晉置西江陽郡。 魏置蒲亭縣，隋改為井研。 ，自擁思茫水移治今所也
Territory of Han Wuyang County. Eastern Jin set up West Jiangyang Commandery. Wei created Puting County; the Sui renamed it Jingyan. During Kaiyuan the seat moved from Yongsi Mang River to the present location.
79
，漢武陽縣地。 隋，於此置始建鎮。 ，改鎮為始建縣。 舊治擁思茫水，，移治榮祉山。 籍梁席郡，一名漢陽戍。 ，分貴平置。 資州，上，隋資陽郡。 ，改為資州，領磐石、內江、安後、普慈、安居、隆康、資陽、大牢、威遠。 其年，割大牢、威遠屬榮州。 二年，分安居、隆康、普慈、安嶽四縣屬普州。 ，置丹山縣。 ，改為資陽郡。 ，復為資州。 正月，分置昌州，尋廢也。 舊領縣八，戶二萬九千三百四十七，口十五萬二千一百三十九。 天寶，戶二萬九千六百三十五，口十萬四千七百七十五。 至京師二千五百六十里，至東都三千五百一十里。
Territory of Han Wuyang County. The Sui set up Shijian garrison at this site. In Daye 5 the garrison became Shijian County. The old seat was on Yongsi Mang River; in Shengli 2 administration moved to Mount Rongzhi. It was entered under Liangxi Commandery, also known as Hanyang Garrison. In Yonghui 4 it was carved out of Guiping County. Zi Prefecture, a superior prefecture: formerly the Sui Ziyang commandery. In Wude 1 it became Zi Prefecture, governing Panshi, Neijiang, Anyue, Puci, Anju, Longkang, Ziyang, Dalao, and Weiyuan. The same year Dalao and Weiyuan were transferred to Rong Prefecture. In year 2 Anju, Longkang, Puci, and Anyue went to Pu Prefecture. In Zhenguan 4 Danshan County was created. In Tianbao 1 it became Ziyang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Zi Prefecture. In the first month of Tianshou 1 Chang Prefecture was set up and then quickly abolished. It formerly had eight counties, 29,347 households, and 152,139 persons. At Tianbao it had 29,635 households and 104,775 persons. 2,560 li to the capital and 3,510 li to the Eastern Capital.
80
漢資中縣，屬犍為郡。 後周於今簡州陽安縣移資州於漢資中故城為治所。 仍改資中為磐石，今州治
Han Zizhong County, subject to Qianwei Commandery. Northern Zhou transferred Zi Prefecture from Yang'an in present-day Jian Prefecture to the old Han Zizhong seat. Zizhong was renamed Panshi, which remains the prefectural seat.
81
後周分資中置縣，在資水之陽也
Northern Zhou carved a new county out of Zizhong on the south bank of the Zi River.
82
漢資中縣為盤地。 隋分置牛鞞縣。 漢有牛鞞縣，屬犍為郡，此非也。 洛水，一名牛鞞水
Territory drawn from Han Zizhong County. The Sui created Niubi County by division. Han did have a Niubi County in Qianwei Commandery, but that was not this seat. The Luo River was also known as the Niubi River.
83
漢資中縣地，後漢於中江水濱置漢安戍。 其年，改為中江縣，因其北江，乃雲中。 隋改為內江。 漢安故城，今縣治也
Territory of Han Zizhong County; Eastern Han placed Hanyang Garrison on the Zhong River. The same year it became Zhongjiang County, named for the Yun River on its north — the "zhong" in its name. Under the Sui it became Neijiang County. The old Han'an city serves as the present county seat.
84
資中地，置
Yueshan — Zizhong territory, established in Yining 2.
85
資中地，置
Longshui — Zizhong territory, established in Yining 2.
86
資中地，置
Yinshan — Zizhong territory, established in Yining 2.
87
漢資中地，置。 六年，併入內江。 七年，又置。 榮州，中，隋資陽郡之大牢縣。 ，置榮州，領大牢、威遠二縣。 ，置旭川、婆日、至如三縣。 二年，割瀘州之隆越來屬。 六年，自公井移州治大牢，仍割嘉州資官來屬。 八年，又割瀘州之和義來屬。 廢婆日、至如、隆越三縣。 ，移州治旭川。 ，改為和義郡。 ，復為榮州。 舊領縣六，戶一萬二千二百六十二，口五萬六千六百一十四。 天寶，戶五千六百三十九，口一萬八千二十四。 至京師二千九百七十二里，至東都二千七百四十九里。
Territory of Han Zizhong County; established in Zhenguan 4. In year 6 it was merged into Neijiang. In year 7 it was re-established. Rong Prefecture (middle): formerly Dalao County in the Sui Ziyang commandery. In Wude 1 Rong Prefecture was set up with Dalao and Weiyuan. Early in Zhenguan, Xuchuan, Pori, and Zhiru were created. In year 2 Longyue was transferred from Lu Prefecture. In year 6 the seat moved from Gongjing to Dalao, and Ziguan was transferred from Jia Prefecture. In year 8 Heyi was transferred from Lu Prefecture. Pori, Zhiru, and Longyue were abolished. Early in Tianbao the seat moved to Xuchuan. In Tianbao 1 it became Heyi Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Rong Prefecture. Formerly six counties; 12,262 households and 56,614 persons. At Tianbao: 5,639 households and 18,024 persons. 2,972 li from the capital; 2,749 li from Luoyang.
88
漢南安縣，屬犍為郡。 隋置大牢鎮，尋改為縣。 ，割資州之大牢、威遠二縣，于公井鎮置榮州，取界內榮德山為名。 又改公井為縣。 ，自公井移州治於大牢縣也
Formerly Han Nan'an County in Qianwei Commandery. The Sui set up Dalao Garrison, then made it a county. In Wude 1, after Dalao and Weiyuan were transferred from Zi Prefecture, Rong Prefecture was placed at Gongjing, named for Mount Rongde. Gongjing was also made a county. In Zhenguan 6 the seat moved from Gongjing to Dalao.
89
漢江陽縣，屬犍為郡。 後周置公井鎮。 ，鎮置榮州，改為公井縣。 ，漢移於大牢也
Formerly Han Jiangyang County in Qianwei Commandery. Northern Zhou placed Gongjing Garrison. In Wude 1 Rong Prefecture was seated at the garrison and Gongjing County was established. In Zhenguan 6 the seat shifted to Dalao.
90
漢安縣地，屬犍為郡。 隋於舊威遠戍置縣。 武德初，屬資州。 其年，割屬榮州也
Territory of Han'an County in Qianwei Commandery. The Sui created a county at the old Weiyuan garrison. Early in Wude it was under Zi Prefecture. The same year it was transferred to Rong Prefecture.
91
，分大牢縣置
Early in Zhenguan, Xuchuan was carved out of Dalao.
92
漢南安縣地，晉置資官縣。 武德初，屬嘉州。 ，來屬
Territory of Han Nan'an County; Jin created Ziguan County. Early in Wude it was under Jia Prefecture. In Zhenguan 6 it was transferred here.
93
漢安縣地，隋置和義縣。 簡州，隋蜀郡之陽安縣。 ，分益州置。 ，改為陽安郡。 ，復為簡州。 舊領縣三，戶一萬三千八百五，口七萬五千一百三十三。 天寶，戶二萬三千六十六，口十四萬三千一百九十。 在京師西南二千七百里，至東都三千六百里。
Territory of Han'an County; the Sui created Heyi County. Jian Prefecture: formerly Yang'an County in the Sui Shu commandery. In Wude 3 it was carved out of Yi Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became Yang'an Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Jian Prefecture. Formerly three counties; 13,805 households and 75,133 persons. At Tianbao: 23,066 households and 143,190 persons. 2,700 li southwest of the capital; 3,600 li from Luoyang.
94
漢牛鞞縣，屬犍為郡。 後魏置陽安縣，又分陽安、平泉、資陽三縣置簡州，取界內賴簡池為名
Formerly Han Niubi County in Qianwei Commandery. Northern Wei created Yang'an County and carved out Jian Prefecture from Yang'an, Pingquan, and Ziyang, named for the Laijian Pool.
95
漢新都縣，屬廣漢郡。 晉將硃齡石於東山立金泉戍。 後魏立金泉郡，分置金泉、白牟二縣。 隋改為金潤，屬蜀郡。 武德初，為金水。 三年，屬簡州。 縣有金堂山
Formerly Han Xindu County in Guanghan Commandery. The Jin general Zhu Lingshi built Jinquan Garrison on the eastern hill. Northern Wei created Jinquan Commandery and split off Jinquan and Baimou counties. The Sui renamed it Jinrun and placed it under the Shu commandery. Early in Wude it was renamed Jinshui. In year 3 it was transferred to Jian Prefecture. Within the county is Mount Jintang.
96
漢牛鞞縣地，後魏置婆潤縣。 隋移縣治于賴黎池，仍改為平泉縣，縣之旁地湧泉故也。 嘉州，中，隋眉山郡。 ，改為嘉州，領龍游、平羌、夾江、峨眉、玉津、綏山、通義、洪雅、丹巂、青神、南安五縣置眉州。 ，改資官，屬榮州。 ，以戎州之犍為來屬。 ，改為犍為郡。 ，復為嘉州。 三月，劍南節度使盧元裕請升為中都督府。 尋罷。 舊領縣六，戶二萬五千八十五，口七萬五千三百九十一。 天寶領縣八，戶三萬四千二百八十九，口九萬九千五百九十一。 至京師二千七百二十里。 至東都三千五百里。
Territory of Han Niubi County; Northern Wei created Porun County. The Sui moved the seat to Laili Pool and renamed it Pingquan County, for the springs that welled up nearby. Jia Prefecture (middle): formerly the Sui Meishan commandery. In Wude 1 it became Jia Prefecture with Longyou, Pingqiang, Jiajiang, Emei, Yujin, and Suishan; Tongyi, Danling, Hongya, Qingshen, and Nan'an were carved out to form Mei Prefecture. In Zhenguan 6 Ziguan was transferred to Rong Prefecture. In Shangyuan 1 Qianwei was transferred from Rongzhou. In Tianbao 1 it became Qianwei Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Jia Prefecture. In the third month Lu Yuanyu, military governor of Jiannan Circuit, asked that it be raised to a middle protectorate seat. The request was soon withdrawn. Formerly six counties; 25,085 households and 75,391 persons. At Tianbao eight counties; 34,289 households and 99,591 persons. 2,720 li from the capital. 3,500 li from Luoyang.
97
漢南安縣地，屬犍為郡。 後周置平羌縣。 隋初，為峨眉縣，又改為青衣縣。 隋伐陳時，龍見於江中引舟，乃改為龍遊縣也，州臨大江為名
Territory of Han Nan'an County in Qianwei Commandery. Northern Zhou created Pingqiang County. Early in the Sui it was Emei County, then renamed Qingyi. During the Sui conquest of Chen a dragon appeared in the river and guided boats, so it became Longyou County; the prefecture takes its name from its position on the great river.
98
後周置也
Established under Northern Zhou.
99
漢南安縣。 隋置峨眉縣，取西山名也
Formerly Han Nan'an County. The Sui created Emei County, named for the western mountain.
100
漢南安縣地。 隋分龍流、平羌三縣，於涇上置夾江縣。 今北八十里，有夾江廢戍，即涇上地也。 舊治涇上，，移於今治也
Territory of Han Nan'an County. The Sui carved Jiajiang County from Longliu and Pingqiang at Jingshang. Eighty li north lies the abandoned Jiajiang garrison, the old Jingshang site. The seat was formerly at Jingshang; in Wude 1 it moved to the present location.
101
漢南安縣。 隋置玉津縣，江中出璧故也
Formerly Han Nan'an County. The Sui created Yujin County, named for jade disks found in the river.
102
隋招致生獠，于榮樂城置綏山縣，取旁山名也
The Sui settled raw Liao and placed Suishan County at Rongle, named for a neighboring mountain.
103
，開生獠置沐州及羅目縣。 ，俱廢。 ，又置，治沲和城，屬嘉州。 ，又自峨眉縣界移羅目治於今所也
In Linde 2 raw Liao were pacified and Mu Prefecture and Luomu County were created. In Shangyuan 3 both were abolished. In Yifeng 3 it was re-established at Tuohe, under Jia Prefecture. In Ruyi 1 the Luomu seat was moved from Emei to its present site.
104
本漢都，因山立名。 舊屬戎州。 ，改屬嘉州。 邛州，上，隋臨邛郡之依政縣。 ，割雅州之依政、臨邛、臨溪、蒲江、火井五縣，置邛州於依政縣。 三年，又置安仁縣。 ，移州治於臨邛。 ，改為臨邛郡。 ，復為邛州。 舊領縣六，戶一萬五千八百八十六，口七萬二千八百五十九。 天寶領縣七，戶四萬二千一百七，口十九萬三百二十七。 在京師西南二千五百一十五里，至東都三千三百七十一里。
Originally Han Du County, named for its mountain. Formerly under Rong Prefecture. In Shangyuan 1 it was transferred to Jia Prefecture. Qiong Prefecture (superior): formerly Yizheng County in the Sui Linqiong commandery. In Wude 1, Yizheng, Linqiong, Linxi, Pujiang, and Huojing were carved out of Ya Prefecture to form Qiong Prefecture at Yizheng. In year 3 Anren County was added. In Xianqing 2 the seat moved to Linqiong. In Tianbao 1 it became Linqiong Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Qiong Prefecture. Formerly six counties; 15,886 households and 72,859 persons. At Tianbao seven counties; 42,107 households and 190,327 persons. 2,515 li southwest of the capital; 3,371 li from Luoyang.
105
漢縣，屬蜀郡。 邛水，出嚴道邛來山，入青衣江，故云臨邛。 晉于益州唐隆縣置臨邛縣。 後魏平蜀，自唐隆移臨邛縣治於漢臨邛縣西，立臨邛郡。 隋罷郡，移臨邛縣於今所治。 有火井、銅官山也
Formerly a Han county in the Shu commandery. The Qiong River flows from Qionglai in Yandao into the Qingyi River, giving the name Linqiong. Jin created Linqiong County from Tanglong in Yi Prefecture. After Northern Wei conquered Shu, the Linqiong seat moved from Tanglong west of old Han Linqiong, and Linqiong Commandery was established. The Sui abolished the commandery and moved Linqiong to its present seat. The county has the Fire Well and Mount Tongguan.
106
秦蒲陽縣。 漢臨邛縣。 梁置蒲口鎮及邛州。 後魏改為蒲陽郡，置依政縣。 隋改為臨邛郡，治依政。 梁、魏邛州，在今縣西南二里，後周移治於今所，後移治於臨邛
Formerly Qin Puyang County. Formerly Han Linqiong County. Liang placed Pukou Garrison and Qiong Prefecture. Northern Wei made it Puyang Commandery and created Yizheng County. The Sui renamed it Linqiong Commandery with its seat at Yizheng. Under Liang and Wei, Qiong Prefecture lay two li southwest of the present county; Northern Zhou moved the seat here, then later to Linqiong.
107
秦臨邛縣地。 ，置安仁縣。 廢。 咸亨初，復置
Territory of Qin Linqiong County. In Wude 3 Anren County was created. In Zhenguan 17 it was abolished. Early in Xianheng it was restored.
108
，分益州晉原縣置也
In Longshuo 1 it was carved out of Jinyuan in Yi Prefecture.
109
漢臨邛縣地。 後魏置廣定縣，隋改為蒲江，南枕蒲水故也
Territory of Han Linqiong County. Northern Wei created Guangding County; the Sui renamed it Pujiang for the Pu River on its south.
110
後魏分臨邛縣置也
Northern Wei carved it out of Linqiong County.
111
漢臨邛縣地。 周置火井鎮，隋改鎮為縣也。 雅州，下，都督府，隋臨邛郡。 ，改為雅州，領嚴道、名山、盧山、依政、臨邛、蒲江、臨溪、蒙陽、漢源、火井、長松、靈關、楊啟、嘉良、大利、陽山十六縣。 其年，割依政、臨邛、蒲江、臨溪、火井五縣置邛州； 漢原、陽山二縣置登州。 二年，置榮經縣。 六年，省嘉良、楊啟、大利、靈關、蒙陽、長松六縣。 九年，廢登州，還以陽山、漢源來屬。 ，又以陽山、漢源屬巂州。 八年，又置百丈縣。 ，以巂州漢源來屬。 ，置飛越、大渡二縣。 ，又割漢源、飛越二縣置黎州。 ，廢黎州，漢源、飛越屬雅州。 ，又割二縣置黎州，又置都督府。 ，改為盧山郡。 ，復為雅州，都督羈縻一十九州也，舊領縣五，戶一萬三百六十二，口四萬一千七百二十三。 天寶，戶一萬八百九十二，口五萬四千四百一十九。 在京師西南二千七百二十三里，至東都三千五百一里。
Territory of Han Linqiong County. Northern Zhou placed Huojing Garrison; the Sui made it a county. Ya Prefecture, lower grade, with a protectorate seat: formerly the Sui Linqiong commandery. In Wude 1 it became Ya Prefecture with sixteen counties including Yandao, Mingshan, Lushan, Yizheng, Linqiong, Pujiang, Linxi, Mengyang, Hanyuan, Huojing, Changsong, Lingguan, Yangqi, Jialiang, Dali, and Yangshan. The same year Yizheng, Linqiong, Pujiang, Linxi, and Huojing were carved out to form Qiong Prefecture. Hanyuan and Yangshan were separated to form Deng Prefecture. In year 2 Rongjing County was created. In year 6 Jialiang, Yangqi, Dali, Lingguan, Mengyang, and Changsong were abolished. In year 9 Deng Prefecture was abolished and Yangshan and Hanyuan were reassigned here. In Zhenguan 2 Yangshan and Hanyuan went to Xi Prefecture. In year 8 Baizhang County was re-established. In Shangyuan 3 Hanyuan was transferred from Xi Prefecture. In Kaiyuan 3 Feiyue and Dudu counties were created. In Dazu 1 Hanyuan and Feiyue were carved out to form Li Prefecture. In Shenlong 3 Li Prefecture was abolished and Hanyuan and Feiyue returned to Ya Prefecture. In Kaiyuan 3 the two counties were separated again to re-establish Li Prefecture with a protectorate seat. In Tianbao 1 it became Lushan Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Ya Prefecture, overseeing nineteen attached prefectures; formerly five counties, 10,362 households, and 41,723 persons. At Tianbao: 10,892 households and 54,419 persons. 2,723 li southwest of the capital; 3,501 li from Luoyang.
112
漢縣，屬蜀郡。 晉末大亂，夷獠據之。 後魏開生獠，于此置蒙山郡，領始陽、蒙山二縣。 隋改始陽為嚴道，蒙山為名山。 ，置雅州，煬帝改為嚴道
Formerly a Han county in the Shu commandery. After the chaos at the end of Jin, Yi and Liao tribes held the region. Northern Wei pacified raw Liao and established Mengshan Commandery with Shiyang and Mengshan. The Sui renamed Shiyang Yandao and Mengshan Mingshan. In Renshou 4 Ya Prefecture was established; under Emperor Yang it became Yandao.
113
漢嚴道地。 隋置盧山鎮，又改為縣。 盧山，在縣西北六十里章盧山下，有山硤，口開三丈，長二百步，俗呼為盧關。 關外即生獠也
Territory of Han Yandao. The Sui placed Lushan Garrison, then made it a county. Mount Lushan lies sixty li northwest at Zhanglu; a pass three zhang wide and two hundred paces long is known as Luguan. Raw Liao live beyond the pass.
114
嚴道縣地。 魏置蒙山縣，隋改為名山也
Territory of Yandao County. Wei created Mengshan County; the Sui renamed it Mingshan.
115
漢嚴道縣地，在漢臨邛南百二十里。 有百丈山。 武德置百丈鎮。 ，改鎮為縣
Territory of Han Yandao County, one hundred twenty li south of Han Linqiong. Mount Baizhang lies within the county. In Wude Baizhang Garrison was placed. In Zhenguan 8 the garrison became a county.
116
漢嚴道縣地。 ，置榮經縣。 縣界有邛來山、九折阪、銅山也
Territory of Han Yandao County. In Wude 3 Rongjing County was created. The county borders Qionglai Mountain, Jiuzhe Slope, and Copper Mountain.
117
都督一十九州，並生羌、生獠羈縻州，無州縣
The protectorate oversaw nineteen attached prefectures of raw Qiang and Liao, with no regular county administration.
118
州、東石孔州、西石孔州、林波州、涉邛州、汶東州、金林州、費林州、徐渠州、會野州、雉州、中川州、鉗矢州、強雞州、長臂州、楊常州、林燒州、當仁州、當馬州，皆天寶已前，歲時貢奉，屬雅州都督。 黎州，下，雅州之漢源縣。 ，割漢源、飛越二縣及巂州之陽山置黎州。 ，改為洪源郡。 ，復為黎州，領羈縻五十四州也。 領縣三，戶一千七百三十一，口七千六百七十八。 至京師二千九百五十里，至東都三千七百里。
Jialiang, East and West Shikong, Linbo, Sheqiong, Wendong, Jinlin, Feilin, Xuqu, Huiye, Zhi, Zhongchuan, Qianshi, Qiangji, Changbi, Yangchang, Linshao, Dangren, and Dangma all paid seasonal tribute before Tianbao under the Ya protectorate. Li Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Hanyuan County in Ya Prefecture. In Dazu 1 Hanyuan, Feiyue, and Yangshan from Xi Prefecture were carved out to form Li Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became Hongyuan Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Li Prefecture, overseeing fifty-four attached prefectures. Three counties; 1,731 households and 7,678 persons. 2,950 li from the capital; 3,700 li from Luoyang.
119
，越巂郡之地。 隋漢源縣。 ，巡察使奏置黎州，後使宋乾徽奏廢入雅州。 ，又置黎州。 廢。 ，又置黎州，取蜀南沈黎地為名，州所治
Territory of the Yuexi commandery. Formerly Sui Hanyuan County. In Chang'an 4 an inspection commissioner proposed Li Prefecture; later Song Qianhui had it abolished and merged into Ya Prefecture. In Dazu 1 Li Prefecture was re-established. In Shenlong 3 it was abolished. In Kaiyuan 3 Li Prefecture was restored, named for the Shenli region of southern Shu; this was the prefectural seat.
120
，，分漢源于飛越水置縣，屬雅州。 ，屬黎州。 ，廢大渡縣，併入。 ，屬雅州。 ，又屬黎州也
In Yonghui 2 a county was carved from Hanyuan at the Feiyue River under Ya Prefecture. In Dazu 1 it was transferred to Li Prefecture. In Shenlong 3 Dudu County was abolished and merged in. In Kaiyuan 3 it was under Ya Prefecture. In Kaiyuan 3 it was again under Li Prefecture.
121
，舊陽山縣，屬巂州。 ，屬黎州。 ，又屬巂州。 ，卻屬黎州。 ，改為通望也
Formerly Yangshan County under Xi Prefecture. In Dazu 1 it was transferred to Li Prefecture. In Shenlong 2 it returned to Xi Prefecture. In Kaiyuan 1 it went back to Li Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it was renamed Tongwang.
122
，統制五十四州，皆徼外生獠。 無州，羈縻而已。 羅岩州、索古州、秦上州、輒榮州、劇川州、合欽州、蓬州、柏坡州、博盧州、明川州、肔䏢州、蓬矢州、大渡州、米川州、木屬州、河東州、諾莋州、甫嵐州、昌明州、歸化州、象川州、叢夏州、和良州、和都州、附樹州、東川州、上貴州、滑川州、比川州、吉川州、甫鏚州、比地州、蒼榮州、野川州、邛陳州、貴林州、護川州、牒琮州、浪彌州、郎郭州、上欽州、時蓬州、儼馬州、橛查州、邛川州、護邛州、腳川州、開望州、上蓬州、比蓬州、剝重州、久護州、瑤劍州、明昌州。 瀘州，下，都督府隋瀘川郡。 ，改為瀘州，領富世、江安、綿水、合江、來鳳、和義七縣。 ，置總管府，一州。 九年，省來鳳。 ，置思隸、思逢、施陽三縣。 仍置涇南縣。 又省施陽縣。 十三年，省思隸、思逢二縣。 十七年，置溱、珍二州。 ，又置晏、納、奉、浙、鞏、薛六州。 ，置順州。 ，置思峨州。 ，置淯州。 二年罷州。 並屬瀘州都督，凡十州。 ，改為瀘川郡，依舊都督。 ，復為瀘州。 舊領縣六，戶一萬九千一百一十六，口六萬六千八百二十八。 天寶，戶一萬六千五百九十四，口六萬五千七百一十一。 在京師西南三千三百里，至東都四千一百九十六里。
It controlled fifty-four frontier prefectures of raw Liao. There were no regular prefectures, only attached ones. Attached prefectures included Luoyan, Suogu, Qinshang, Zherong, Juchuan, Heqin, Peng, Bopo, Bolu, Mingchuan, Chibi, Pengshi, Dudu, Michuan, Mushu, Hedong, Nuozhuo, Fulang, Changming, Guihua, Xiangchuan, Congxia, Heliang, Hedu, Fushu, Dongchuan, Shanggui, Huachuan, Bichuan, Jichuan, Fukui, Bidi, Cangrong, Yechuan, Qiongchen, Guilin, Huchuan, Diecong, Langmi, Langguo, Shangqin, Shipeng, Yanma, Juecha, Qiongchuan, Huqiong, Jiaochuan, Kaiwang, Shangpeng, Bipeng, Bozhong, Jiuhu, Yaoqian, and Mingchang. Lu Prefecture, lower grade, with a protectorate seat: formerly the Sui Luchuan commandery. In Wude 1 it became Lu Prefecture with Fushi, Jiang'an, Mianshui, Hejiang, Laifeng, and Heyi. In year 2 a general protectorate was set up over one prefecture. In year 9 Laifeng was abolished. In Zhenguan 1 Silu, Sifeng, and Shiyang were created. Jingnan County was also added. Shiyang County was also abolished. In year 13 Silu and Sifeng were abolished. In year 17 Qin and Zhen prefectures were created. In Yifeng 2 Yan, Na, Feng, Zhe, Gong, and Xue were also created. In Yifeng 2 Shun Prefecture was created. In Tianshou 1 Si'e Prefecture was created. In Yifeng 2 Yu Prefecture was created. In year 2 the prefecture was abolished. All came under the Lu protectorate — ten prefectures in all. In Tianbao 1 it became Luchuan Commandery, keeping the protectorate seat. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Lu Prefecture. Formerly six counties; 19,116 households and 66,828 persons. At Tianbao: 16,594 households and 65,711 persons. 3,300 li southwest of the capital; 4,196 li from Luoyang.
123
，漢江陽縣地，屬犍為郡。 梁置瀘州，故以江陽為瀘川縣，州所治也
Territory of Han Jiangyang County in Qianwei Commandery. Liang created Lu Prefecture and made Jiangyang Luchuan County as the seat.
124
，隋富世縣。 ，改為富義縣。 界有富世鹽井，井深二百五十尺，以達鹽泉，俗呼玉女泉。 以其井出鹽最多，人獲厚利，故云富世
Formerly Sui Fushi County. In Wude 1 it was renamed Fuyi County. The Fushi Salt Well within the county is two hundred fifty chi deep to the brine spring, known locally as the Jade Maiden Spring. Because the well yielded the most salt and brought great profit, the place was called Fushi.
125
，漢江陽縣地。 晉時，生獠攻郡，破之，又置漢安縣。 隋改為江安也
Territory of Han Jiangyang County. In Jin, raw Liao overran the commandery and Han'an County was re-established. The Sui renamed it Jiang'an.
126
，漢符縣地，屬犍為郡。 晉置安樂縣，後周改為合江也
Territory of Han Fu County in Qianwei Commandery. Jin created Anle County; Northern Zhou renamed it Hejiang.
127
，漢江陽縣地，晉置綿水縣，當綿水入江之口也
Territory of Han Jiangyang; Jin placed Mianshui County where the Mian River joins the Yangtze.
128
，，分瀘川置，在涇水之南
In Zhenguan 1 it was carved out of Luchuan south of the Jing River.
129
，都督十州，皆招撫夷獠置，無戶口、道里，羈縻州納州，，開山洞置。 ，改為都寧郡。 ，復為納州，領縣八，並與州同置薛州，，招生獠置。 ，改為黃池郡。 ，復為薛州也。 領縣三，與州同置晏州，，開山洞置。 天寶改為羅陽郡。 ，復為晏州也。 領縣七，與州同置。 鞏州，，開山洞置。 天寶改為因忠郡。 ，復為鞏州也。 領縣四，與州同置。 多樓波員比求播郎。 順州，置，領縣五，與州同置。 奉州，置，領縣三，與州同置。 柯理柯巴羅蓬思峨州置，領縣二，與州同置。 能州，置，領縣四，與州同置。 淯州，置，領縣四，與州同置。 浙州，置，領縣四，與州同置。 茂州，都督府，隋汶山郡。 ，改為會川，領汶山、北山、汶川、左封、通化、翼針、交川、翼水九縣。 其年，割翼針、左封、翼水三縣置翼州，以交川屬松州。 三年，置總管府，管會、翼二州。 四年，改為南會州。 七年，改為都督府，督南會、翼、向、維、塗、冉、穹、炎、徹、笮十州。 ，改為茂州，以郡界茂濕山為名。 仍置石泉縣。 ，改為通化郡。 ，復為茂州也。 舊領縣四，戶三千三百八十六，口五萬三千七百六十一。 天寶，戶二千五百一十，口一萬三千二百四十二。 至京師西南二千七百九十四里，至東都三千一十四里。
The protectorate oversaw ten attached prefectures set up by pacifying Yi and Liao, without household counts or distances. Na Prefecture was opened through mountain passes. In Tianbao 1 it became Dunning Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Na Prefecture with eight counties founded with the seat. Xue Prefecture was created by settling raw Liao. In Tianbao 1 it became Huangchi Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Xue Prefecture. Three counties were founded with the seat. Yan Prefecture was opened through mountain passes. At Tianbao it became Luoyang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yan Prefecture. Seven counties were founded with the seat. Gong Prefecture was opened through mountain passes. At Tianbao it became Yinzhong Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Gong Prefecture. Four counties were founded with the seat. Its counties were Duolou, Boyuan, Biqiu, and Bolang. Shun Prefecture was created with five counties founded at the same time. Feng Prefecture was created with three counties founded at the same time. In Tianshou 1 Si'e Prefecture was created with two counties founded at the same time. Neng Prefecture was created with four counties founded at the same time. Yu Prefecture was created with four counties founded at the same time. Zhe Prefecture was created with four counties founded at the same time. Mao Prefecture with a protectorate seat: formerly the Sui Wenshan commandery. In Wude 1 it became Huichuan with nine counties including Wenshan, Beishan, Wenchuan, Zuofeng, Tonghua, Yizhen, Jiaochuan, and Yishui. The same year Yizhen, Zuofeng, and Yishui were carved out to form Yi Prefecture, and Jiaochuan went to Song Prefecture. In year 3 a general protectorate was set up over Huichuan and Yi. In year 4 it became Nanhuichuan Prefecture. In year 7 it became a protectorate seat overseeing ten prefectures: Nanhui, Yi, Xiang, Wei, Tu, Ran, Qiong, Yan, Che, and Ze. In Zhenguan 8 it became Mao Prefecture, named for Mount Maoshi on its border. Shiquan County was also created. In Tianbao 1 it became Tonghua Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Mao Prefecture. Formerly four counties; 3,386 households and 53,761 persons. At Tianbao: 2,510 households and 13,242 persons. 2,794 li southwest of the capital; 3,014 li from Luoyang.
130
漢汶江縣，屬蜀郡。 故城在今縣北二里，舊冉駹地。 晉汶山郡，宋廣陽縣。 周為汶州，置汶山縣。 隋初，改為蜀州，又改為會州。 ，改為茂州
Formerly Han Wenjiang County in the Shu commandery. The old city lies two li north of the present seat, in former Rongqiang territory. Jin Wenshan Commandery; Song Guangyang County. Northern Zhou created Wen Prefecture and Wenshan County. Early in the Sui it became Shu Prefecture, then Huichuan Prefecture. In Zhenguan 8 it became Mao Prefecture.
131
漢綿皦縣地，屬蜀郡。 晉置汶山縣，後周移汶川于廣陽縣齊州置，即今治也。 玉壘山，在縣東北四里。 石紐山，亦在縣界。 ，廢汶川縣併入
Territory of Han Mianjiao County in the Shu commandery. Jin created Wenshan County; Northern Zhou moved Wenchuan to the Qi seat at Guangyang, the present location. Mount Yulei lies four li northeast of the county seat. Mount Shiniu also lies within the county. In Yonghui 2 Wenchuan County was abolished and merged in.
132
漢岷山縣，屬蜀郡。 ，置石泉縣也
Formerly Han Minshan County in the Shu commandery. In Zhenguan 8 Shiquan County was created.
133
漢廣柔縣地，屬蜀郡。 後周置石門鎮，陳改為金山鎮，尋改為通化也
Territory of Han Guangrou County in the Shu commandery. Northern Zhou placed Shimen Garrison; Chen renamed it Jinshan, then Tonghua.
134
都督府，羈縻州十。 維、翼兩州，後進為正州。 相次為正者七，今附于都督之下。 翼州，下，隋汶山郡之翼針縣。 ，分置翼州。 六年，自左封移州治於翼針。 ，置都督府，移就悉州城內。。 罷都督，移還舊治。 ，改為臨翼郡。 ，復為翼州也。 舊領縣三，戶一千六百二，口三千八百九十八。 天寶領縣二，戶七百一十一，口三千六百一十八。 在京師西南二千九百三十里，至東都三千二百七十八里。
The protectorate oversaw ten attached prefectures. Wei and Yi were later promoted to regular prefectures. Seven were successively regularized and are now listed under the protectorate. Yi Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Yizhen County in the Sui Wenshan commandery. In Wude 1 Yi Prefecture was carved out. In year 6 the seat moved from Zuofeng to Yizhen. In Zhenguan 5 a protectorate seat was placed inside Xizhou city. The protectorate was abolished and the seat returned to its former site. In Tianbao 1 it became Linyi Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yi Prefecture. Formerly three counties; 1,602 households and 3,898 persons. At Tianbao two counties; 711 households and 3,618 persons. 2,930 li southwest of the capital; 3,278 li from Luoyang.
135
漢蠶陵縣，屬蜀郡。 故城在縣西，有蠶陵山。 隋改為翼針縣，治七頃城。 ，移治七里溪。 ，改為衛山縣
Formerly Han Canling County in the Shu commandery. The old city lies west of the seat; Mount Canling is nearby. The Sui renamed it Yizhen County with its seat at Qiqing. In Zhenguan 17 the seat moved to Qilixi. In Tianbao 1 it became Weishan County.
136
漢蠶陵縣，隋置翼水縣也
Formerly Han Canling County; the Sui created Yishui County.
137
昭德二縣開生獠新置。 維州，下，，白苟羌降附，乃于薑維故城置維州，領金川、定廉二縣。 ，羌叛，州縣俱罷。 二年，生羌首領董屈占者，請吏復立維州，移治于薑維城東，始屬茂州，為羈縻州。 ，進為正州。 尋叛，羌降，為羈縻州。 ，又為正州。 ，改為維川郡。 ，復為維州。 後，河西、隴右州縣，皆陷吐蕃。 贊普更欲圖蜀川，累急攻維州，不下，乃以婦人嫁維州門者。 二十年中，生二子。 及蕃兵攻城，二子內應，城遂陷。 吐蕃得之，號無憂城。 累入兵寇擾西川。 韋皋在蜀二十年，收復不遂。 至大中末，杜忭鎮蜀，維州首領內附，方復隸西川。 舊領縣三，，戶二千一百四十二，無口。 天寶領縣二。 戶二千一百七十九，口三千一百九十八。 至京師二千八百三十里，至東都三千五百六十三里。
Zhao and De counties were newly created by pacifying raw Liao. Wei Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 7, after the Baigou Qiang chieftain submitted, it was placed at Jiang Wei's old fortress with Jinchuan and Dinglian counties. In Zhenguan 1 the Qiang rebelled and the prefecture and counties were abolished. In year 3 the raw Qiang leader Dong Quzhan asked for officials and restored Wei Prefecture east of Jiang Wei's fortress, initially as an attached prefecture under Mao Prefecture. In Zhenguan 6 it was promoted to a regular prefecture. They soon rebelled again; after the Qiang submitted it reverted to attached status. In Chuigong 3 it was regularized again. In Tianbao 1 it became Weichuan Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Wei Prefecture. Later the Hexi and Longyou prefectures and counties all fell to Tibet. The Tibetan ruler then sought to seize Sichuan; repeated assaults on Wei Prefecture failed, so he married a woman to one of its gatekeepers. Over twenty years she bore two sons. When Tibetan troops assaulted the city, the two sons opened it from within and the city fell. Tibet held it and called it Carefree City. They repeatedly sent armies to raid western Sichuan. Wei Gao spent twenty years in Shu without recovering the prefecture. By late Dazhong, under Du Xian in Shu, Wei Prefecture submitted and returned to western Sichuan. Formerly three counties; after Qianyuan 2,142 households, no population figure. At Tianbao it had two counties. 2,179 households and 3,198 persons. 2,830 li from the capital; 3,563 li from Luoyang.
138
漢已前，徼外羌冉駹之地。 蜀劉禪時，蜀將姜維、馬忠等，討汶山叛羌，即此地也。 今州城，即薑維故壘也。 隋初，蜀師討叛羌，於其地置薛城戍。 大業末，又沒於羌。 ，白苟羌酋鄧賢佐內附，乃于薑維城置維州，領金川、定廉二縣。 ，賢佐叛，罷郡縣。 三年，左上封生羌酋董屈占等，舉族內附，復置維州及二縣。 薛城，在州西南二百步也。
Before the Han it was Rongqiang Qiang land beyond the frontier. Under Liu Shan of Shu, Jiang Wei, Ma Zhong, and others campaigned against Wenshan Qiang here. The present prefectural seat is Jiang Wei's old fortress. Early in the Sui, Shu troops pacified rebellious Qiang and built Xuecheng Garrison here. By the end of Daye it was lost to the Qiang again. In Wude 7 the Baigou Qiang chieftain Deng Xianzuo submitted; Wei Prefecture was placed at Jiang Wei's fortress with Jinchuan and Dinglian. In Zhenguan 1 Xianzuo rebelled and the prefecture and counties were abolished. In year 3 the raw Qiang leader Dong Quzhan of Zuofeng submitted with his clan and Wei Prefecture and its two counties were restored. Xuecheng lies two hundred paces southwest of the prefectural seat.
139
，剌史董弄招慰生羌置也。 塗州，下，，臨塗羌歸附，置塗州，領端源、婆覽二縣。 ，州縣俱省。 五年，又分茂州之端源戍置塗州也。 領縣三，與州同置
In Zhenguan 2 it was created when Prefect Dong Nong pacified raw Qiang. Tu Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 1 the Lintu Qiang submitted and Tu Prefecture was created with Duanyuan and Polan. In Zhenguan 2 the prefecture and counties were abolished. In year 5 Duanyuan Garrison of Mao Prefecture was split off to re-establish Tu Prefecture. Three counties were founded with the seat.
140
臨塗、悉憐。 戶二千三百三十四，口四千二百六十一。 至京師西南二千六百八十九里。 炎州，下，，生羌歸附，置西封州。 八年，改為炎州。 領縣三，與州同置：大封、慕仙、義川
Its counties were Lintu and Xilian. 2,334 households and 4,261 persons. 2,689 li southwest of the capital. Yan Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 5 raw Qiang submitted and Xifeng Prefecture was created. In year 8 it became Yan Prefecture. Three counties were founded with the seat: Dafeng, Muxian, and Yichuan.
141
領戶五千七百，無口數。 在京師西南三千三百七十六里。 徹州，下，，西羌首領董凋貞歸化置。 領縣三，與州同置：
5,700 households; no population figure. 3,376 li southwest of the capital. Che Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 5 the western Qiang leader Dong Diaozhen submitted and it was established. Three counties were founded with the seat:
142
、俄耳、文進。
Wenche, Eer, and Wenjin.
143
領戶三千三百，無口數，在京師西南三千四百一十八里。 向州，下，，生羌歸化置也。 領縣二，與州同置
3,300 households, no population figure; 3,418 li southwest of the capital. Xiang Prefecture, lower grade: established when raw Qiang submitted. Two counties were founded with the seat.
144
、。領戶一千六百二，口三千八百九十八，在京師西南二千八百六十九里。 冉州，下，本徼外斂才羌地。 ，置西冉州。 九年，去「西」字。 領縣四，與州同置。 領戶一千六百二，口三千八百九十八。 在京師西南二千八百六十九里
1,602 households and 3,898 persons; 2,869 li southwest of the capital. Ran Prefecture, lower grade: originally Lian'cai Qiang land beyond the frontier. In Wude 5 Xiran Prefecture was created. In year 9 the "west" was dropped from the name. Four counties were founded with the seat. 1,602 households and 3,898 persons. 2,869 li southwest of the capital.
145
領戶一千三百七十，無口。 在京師西南三千七百三十九里。 穹州，下，，生羌歸附，置西博州。 八年，改為穹州。 領縣五，與州同置。 領戶三千四百三十六，無口。 在京師西南三千二百六十七里。 笮州，下，，白苟羌降附，置西恭州。 八年，改為笮州也。 領縣三，與州同置：遂都亭勸北思。
1,370 households; no population figure. 3,739 li southwest of the capital. Qiong Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 5 raw Qiang submitted and Xibo Prefecture was created. In year 8 it became Qiong Prefecture. Five counties were founded with the seat. 3,436 households; no population figure. 3,267 li southwest of the capital. Ze Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 5 the Baigou Qiang submitted and Xigong Prefecture was created. In year 8 it became Ze Prefecture. Three counties were founded with the seat: Suidu, Tingquan, and Beisi.
146
無口戶。 在京師西南二千九百四十五里。
No household or population records. 2,945 li southwest of the capital.
147
:右九州，皆屬茂州都督。 永徽後，又析為三十一州，今不錄其餘也。 戎州，中，都督府隋犍為郡。 ，改為戎州，領僰道、犍為、南溪、開邊、𨚲䣕五縣。 ，以開邊屬南通州。 于州置都督府，督戎、郎、昆、曲、協、黎、盤、曾、鉤、髳、尹、匡、裒、宗、靡、姚、微十七州。 八年，置撫來縣。 仍改南通州為賢州，以開邊來屬。 ，改為南溪郡，依舊都督，羈縻三十六州，一百三十七縣。 並荒梗，無戶口。 ，復為戎州。 舊領縣六，戶三萬一千六百七十，口六萬一千二十六。 天寶領縣五，戶四千三百五十九，口一萬六千三百七十五。 在京師西南三千一百四里，至東都四千四百八十里。
These nine prefectures all fell under the Mao Prefecture protectorate. After Yonghui they were split into thirty-one prefectures; the remainder is omitted here. Rongzhou, middle grade, with a protectorate seat: formerly the Sui Qianwei commandery. In Wude 1 it became Rongzhou with Yidao, Qianwei, Nanxi, Kaibian, and Fu'e. In Zhenguan 4 Kaibian went to Nantong Prefecture. A protectorate seat was placed at the prefecture overseeing seventeen prefectures: Rong, Lang, Kun, Qu, Xie, Li, Pan, Zeng, Gou, Mao, Yin, Kuang, Pou, Zong, Mi, Yao, and Wei. In year 8 Fulai County was created. Nantong Prefecture was renamed Xian Prefecture and Kaibian was reassigned here. In Tianbao 1 it became Nanxi Commandery, keeping the protectorate, with thirty-six attached prefectures and 137 counties. All were wild frontier lands without household registers. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Rongzhou. Formerly six counties; 31,670 households and 61,026 persons. At Tianbao five counties; 4,359 households and 16,375 persons. 3,104 li southwest of the capital; 4,480 li from Luoyang.
148
，漢縣，犍為郡治所。 故僰侯國，梁置戎州也。
Formerly a Han county, seat of Qianwei Commandery. Formerly the Bo marquisate; Liang created Rongzhou.
149
，漢南廣縣，屬犍為郡。 後周于廢郡置南武戍。 隋改龍源戍，又置為南溪縣也。
Formerly Han Nanguang County in Qianwei Commandery. Northern Zhou placed Nanwu Garrison at the abolished commandery seat. The Sui renamed it Longyuan Garrison, then created Nanxi County.
150
，本漢南安縣，屬犍為郡。 隋改為𨚲䣕縣。 ，改為義賓。
Originally Han Nan'an County in Qianwei Commandery. The Sui renamed it Fu'e County. In Wude 1 it became Yibin.
151
，漢僰道地，隋置開邊縣也。
Territory of Han Yidao; the Sui created Kaibian County.
152
，，分𨚲䣕縣置，以處生獠也。
In Zhenguan 8 it was carved out of Fu'e to settle raw Liao.
153
，都督府，羈縻州十六，武德、貞觀後招慰羌戎開置也。 協州下，隋犍為郡之地。 古夜郎侯國。 ，開南中置也。 領縣三，與州同置。 東安西安湖津
The protectorate oversaw sixteen attached prefectures established after Wude and Zhenguan by pacifying Qiang and Rong. Xie Prefecture, lower grade: Sui Qianwei commandery territory. Land of the ancient Yelang marquisate. In Wude 1 it was opened in the south. Three counties were founded with the seat. Its counties were Dong'an, Xi'an, and Hujin.
154
領戶三百二十九。 在京師西南四千里。 北接戎州。 曲州，下，，開南中置恭州。 八年，改為曲州。 領縣二，與州同置
329 households. 4,000 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Rongzhou on the north. Qu Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 5 Gong Prefecture was opened in the south. In year 8 it became Qu Prefecture. Two counties were founded with the seat.
155
，置安上縣。 七年，改為硃提
Anshang County was created. In year 7 it was renamed Zhuti.
156
領戶一千九十四。 在京師西南四千三百三十里。 北接協州。 郎州，下，，開南中置南寧州，乃立味、同樂、升麻、同起、新豐、隴堤、泉麻、梁水、降九縣。 ，置總管府，管南寧、恭、協、昆、尹、曾、姚、西濮、西宗九州。 五年，罷總管。 其年冬，復置，寄治益州。 七年，改為都督，督西寧、豫、西利、南雲、磨、南籠七州。 並前九州，合十六州。 仍割南寧州之降縣屬西寧州。 八年，自益州移都督於今治。 ，罷都督，置刺史。 八年，改南寧為郎州也。 領縣七。
1,094 households. 4,330 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Xie Prefecture on the north. Lang Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 1 Nanning Prefecture was opened in the south with nine counties including Wei, Tongle, Shengma, Tongqi, Xinfeng, Longdi, Quanma, Liangshui, and Jiang. In year 4 a general protectorate was set up over Nanning, Gong, Xie, Kun, Yin, Zeng, Yao, Xipu, and Xizong. In year 5 the general protectorate was abolished. That winter it was restored with its seat temporarily at Yi Prefecture. In year 7 it became a protectorate overseeing Xining, Yu, Xili, Nanyun, Mo, and Nanlong. With the previous nine prefectures, the total came to sixteen. Jiang County of Nanning was transferred to Xining Prefecture. In year 8 the protectorate seat moved from Yi Prefecture to its present location. In Zhenguan 6 the protectorate was abolished and a prefect was installed. In year 8 Nanning became Lang Prefecture. It had seven counties.
157
廢同樂縣，復置，改名
Sui abolished Tongle County; Wude 1 restored it as Wei County.
158
升麻、同起、新豐、隴堤、泉麻，並與州同置。 戶六千九百四十二。 在京師西南五千六百七十里。 北接曲州。 昆州下，漢益州郡地。 武德初，招慰置。 領縣四，與州同置。
Shengma, Tongqi, Xinfeng, Longdi, and Quanma were founded with the seat. 6,942 households. 5,670 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Qu Prefecture on the north. Kun Prefecture, lower grade: Han Yizhou commandery territory. Early in Wude it was established by pacification. Four counties were founded with the seat.
159
有滇池，週三百里
Dian Lake lies within the county, three hundred li around.
160
秦臧漢縣。 領戶一千二百六十七。 在京師西南五千三百七十里。 北接巂州。 盤州，下，，開置西平州。 ，改為盤州。 領縣三，與州同置。
Formerly Qin Zang Han County. 1,267 households. 5,370 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Xi Prefecture on the north. Pan Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 7 Xiping Prefecture was opened. In Zhenguan 8 it became Pan Prefecture. Three counties were founded with the seat.
161
平夷盤水即舊興古郡也。 領戶一千九百六十。 在京師西南五千三十里。 北接郎州，南接交州。 黎州，下，，析南寧州置西寧州。 ，改為黎州。 領縣二，二縣本屬南寧。 梁水絳。 領戶一千。 至京師無里數。 北接昆州。 匡州，下，，開置南雲州。 ，改為匡州也。 領縣二，與州同置。
Pingyi and Panshui formed the old Xinggu commandery. 1,960 households. 5,030 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Lang Prefecture on the north and Jiao Prefecture on the south. Li Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 7 Xining was carved out of Nanning Prefecture. In Zhenguan 8 it became Li Prefecture. Two counties, both formerly under Nanning. Its counties were Liangshui and Jiang. 1,000 households. Distance to the capital is not recorded. It bordered Kun Prefecture on the north. Kuang Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 7 Nanyun Prefecture was opened. In Zhenguan 3 it became Kuang Prefecture. Two counties were founded with the seat.
162
匡川縣界有永昌故城也。 領戶四千八百。 在京師西南五千一百六十五里。 髳州，下，，置西濮州。 ，改為髳州也。 領縣四，與州同置。
The old Yongchang city lies within Kuangchuan County. 4,800 households. 5,165 li southwest of the capital. Mao Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 4 Xipu Prefecture was created. In Zhenguan 11 it became Mao Prefecture. Four counties were founded with the seat.
163
，舊屬越巂郡。
Qingling formerly belonged to Yuexi Commandery.
164
領戶一千三百九十。 在京師西南四千八百五十里。 南接姚州。 尹州，下，置。 領縣五，與州同置。
1,390 households. 4,850 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Yao Prefecture on the south. Yin Prefecture, lower grade: established in Wude 5. Five counties were founded with the seat.
165
領戶一千七百。 無里數。 接髳州。 曾州下，置。 領縣五，與州同置。
1,700 households. Distance is not recorded. It adjoined Mao Prefecture. Zeng Prefecture, lower grade: established in Wude 4. Five counties were founded with the seat.
166
部神泉龍亭長和
Its counties were Zengsan, Bu, Shenquan, Longting, and Changhe.
167
領戶一千二百七。 在京師西南五千一百四十五里。 西接匡州。 鉤州，下，，置南龍州。 ，改為鉤州也。 領縣二，與州同置。
1,207 households. 5,145 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Kuang Prefecture on the west. Gou Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 7 Nanlong Prefecture was created. In Zhenguan 11 it became Gou Prefecture. Two counties were founded with the seat.
168
領戶一千。 在京師西南五千六百五十里。 北接昆州。 靡州，下，，置西豫州。 ，改為靡州。 領縣二，與州同置
1,000 households. 5,650 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Kun Prefecture on the north. Mi Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 7 Xiyu Prefecture was created. In Zhenguan 3 it became Mi Prefecture. Two counties were founded with the seat.
169
七部
Its counties were Moyu and Qibu.
170
領戶一千二百。 在京師西南四千九百四十五里。 南接姚州。 裒州，下，置。 領縣二，與州同置
1,200 households. 4,945 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Yao Prefecture on the south. Pou Prefecture, lower grade: established in Wude 7. Two counties were founded with the seat.
171
領戶一千四百七十。 在京師西南四千九百七十里。 南接姚州。 宗州，，置西宗州。 ，去「西」字。 領縣三，與州同置
1,470 households. 4,970 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Yao Prefecture on the south. Zong Prefecture: in Wude 4 Xizong Prefecture was created. In Zhenguan 11 the "west" was dropped from the name. Three counties were founded with the seat.
172
領戶一千九百三十。 在京師西南五千一十里。 北接姚州。 微州，下，，置利州。 ，改為微州。 領縣二，與州同置
1,930 households. 5,010 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Yao Prefecture on the north. Wei Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 4 Li Prefecture was created. In Zhenguan 11 it became Wei Prefecture. Two counties were founded with the seat.
173
領戶一千一百五十。 在京師西南四千九百七十里。 東接靡州。 姚州，置，在姚府舊城北百余步。 漢益州郡之雲南縣。 古滇王國。 楚頃襄王使大將莊蹻溯沅水，出且蘭，以伐夜郎。 屬秦奪楚黔中地，蹻無路能還，遂自王之。 秦並蜀，通五尺道，置吏。 漢武開西南夷，置益州郡，雲南即屬邑也。 後置永昌郡，雲南、哀牢、博南皆屬邑也。 蜀劉氏分永昌為建寧郡，又分永昌、建甯置雲南郡，而治於弄棟。 晉改為晉寧郡，又置寧州。 ，安撫大使李英以此州內人多姓姚，故置姚州，管州三十二。 ，移姚州治於弄棟川。 自是朝貢不絕。 天寶末，楊國忠用事，蜀帥撫慰不謹，蠻王閣羅鳳不恭，國忠命鮮于仲通興師十萬，渡瀘討之，大為羅鳳所敗。 鎮蜀，蠻帥異牟尋歸國，遂以韋皋為雲南安撫大使，命使冊拜，謂之南詔。 大和中，杜元穎鎮蜀，蠻王鹺顛侵蜀，自是或臣或否。 咸通中，結構南海蠻，深寇蜀部。 西南夷之中，南詔蠻最大也。 領縣二。
1,150 households. 4,970 li southwest of the capital. It bordered Mi Prefecture on the east. Yao Prefecture was established in Wude 4, just north of the old Yaofu seat. Formerly Han Yunnan County in the Yizhou commandery. Land of the ancient Dian kingdom. King Qingxiang of Chu sent General Zhuang Jue up the Yuan River through Juelan to attack Yelang. When Qin took Qianzhong from Chu, Jue could not return and made himself king. After Qin annexed Shu, it built the five-foot road and posted officials. Emperor Wu opened the southwest and created Yizhou Commandery; Yunnan was one of its seats. Later Yongchang Commandery was added; Yunnan, Ailao, and Bonan all fell under it. Liu Shu split Yongchang into Jianning Commandery, then carved Yunnan Commandery from Yongchang and Jianning with its seat at Nongdong. Jin renamed it Jinning Commandery and also established Ning Prefecture. In Wude 4 Commissioner Li Ying, noting many Yao surnames in the region, created Yao Prefecture overseeing thirty-two prefectures. In Linde 1 the Yao Prefecture seat moved to the Nongdong River. Tribute continued without interruption thereafter. Late in Tianbao, Yang Guozhong dominated court affairs, the Sichuan governor pacified poorly, and the Nanzhao king Piluoge defied the court. Guozhong sent Xianyu Zhongtong with one hundred thousand men across the Lu River and suffered a major defeat. Later in Shu, the Man leader Yimouxun submitted; Wei Gao became Yunnan Pacification Commissioner and was formally invested as Nanzhao. Under Dahe, Du Yuanying held Shu; the Man king Qidian raided Sichuan, and thereafter submission was intermittent. In Xiantong they joined southern tribes in deep raids on Sichuan. Among the southwest peoples, Nanzhao was the greatest. It had two counties.
174
，縣在瀘水之南
The county lay south of the Lu River.
175
。戶三千七百。 至京師四千九百里。
3,700 households. 4,900 li from the capital.
176
:右上十六州，舊屬戎州都督府。 天寶已前，朝貢不絕。 巂州，中都督府隋越巂郡。 ，改為巂州，領巂、邛部、可泉、蘇祁、臺登六縣。 二年，又置昆明縣。 三年，置總管府，管一州。 ，割雅州陽山、漢源二縣來屬。 八年，又置和集縣。 ，越巂郡，依舊都督府。 ，復為巂州也。 舊領縣十，戶二萬三千五十四，口五萬三千六百一十八。 天寶領縣七，戶四萬七百二十一，口十七萬五千二在八十。 在京師西南三千六百五十四里。
These sixteen prefectures formerly fell under the Rongzhou protectorate. Before Tianbao tribute continued without break. Xi Prefecture, middle protectorate: formerly the Sui Yuexi commandery. In Wude 1 it became Xi Prefecture with Yue, Qiongbu, Kequan, Suqi, and Taideng. In year 2 Kunming County was added. In year 3 a general protectorate was set up over one prefecture. In Zhenguan 2 Yangshan and Hanyuan were transferred from Ya Prefecture. In year 8 Heji County was added. In Tianbao 1 it became Yuexi Commandery while keeping the protectorate seat. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Xi Prefecture. Formerly ten counties; 23,054 households and 53,618 persons. At Tianbao seven counties; 40,721 households and 175,280 persons. 3,654 li southwest of the capital.
177
漢郡名，武帝置。 今縣，漢邛都縣地，屬越巂郡。 有越水、巂水。 後周于越城置嚴州。 隋改為西寧州，尋改巂州，仍分邛都置越巂縣，州所治也
A Han commandery name established by Emperor Wu. The present county was Han Qiongdou County in Yuexi Commandery. The Yue and Xi rivers flow through the region. Northern Zhou placed Yan Prefecture at Yue city. The Sui made it Xining, then Xi Prefecture; Qiongdou was split off as Yue County, the seat.
178
後漢屬越巂郡。 漢闌縣地，屬沈黎郡。 後周置節部縣也
Under Later Han it was in Yuexi Commandery. Territory of Han Lan County in Shenli Commandery. Northern Zhou created Jiebu County.
179
漢縣，屬越巂郡
Formerly a Han county in Yuexi Commandery.
180
漢蘇夷縣，屬越巂郡。 後周平南夷，於故城復置也
Formerly Han Suyi County in Yuexi Commandery. Northern Zhou restored it at the old city after pacifying the south.
181
漢邛都縣地，梁置可泉縣。 隋治薑磨戍。 ，移於今。 天寶末年。 改為西瀘也
Territory of Han Qiongdou; Liang created Kequan County. The Sui seated it at Jiangmo Garrison. In Wude 7 it moved to the present seat. At the end of the Tianbao era. It was renamed Xilu.
182
漢定莋縣，屬越巂郡。 後周置定莋鎮。 ，鎮為昆明縣，蓋南接昆明之地故也
Formerly Han Dingzhuo County in Yuexi Commandery. Northern Zhou placed Dingzhuo Garrison. In Wude 2 the garrison became Kunming County, bordering Kunming lands to the south.
183
，移邛都縣於會川置，因改為會川也。 松州，下，都督府，隋同昌郡之嘉誠縣。 ，置松州。 ，置都督府。 督崌、懿、嵯、闊、麟、雅、叢、可、遠、奉、嚴、諾、蛾、彭、軌、蓋、直、肆、位、玉、璋、祐、臺、橋、序二十五羈縻等州。 永徽之後，生羌相繼忽叛，屢有廢置。 ，復加整比，督文、扶、當、柘、靜、翼六州。 都督羈縻三十州：研州、劍州、探那州、忋州、毗州、河州、幹州、瓊州、犀州、拱州、龕州、陪州、如州、麻州、霸州、磵州、光州、至涼州、蠶州、曄州、梨州、思帝州、戍州、統州、穀州、邛州、樂客州、達違州、卑州、慈州。 據天寶十二載簿，松州都督府，一百四州，其二十五州有額戶口，但多羈縻逃散，餘七十九州皆生羌部落，或臣或否，無州縣戶口，但羈縻統之。 ，改松州為交川郡。 ，復為松州。 據貞觀初分十道：松、文、扶、當、悉、柘、靜等屬隴右道。 永徽之後，據梁州之境，割屬劍南道也。 舊領縣三，戶六百一十二，口六千三百五。 天寶，戶一千七十六，口五千七百四十二。 南至翼州一百八十里，東至扶州三百三十八里，東至茂州三百里，西南至當州三百里，西北至吐蕃界九十里。 至京師二千二百五十里，至東都三千五十里。
In Tianbao 1 Qiongdou was moved to Huichuan and renamed Huichuan. Song Prefecture, lower grade, protectorate seat: formerly Jiacheng County in the Sui Tongchang commandery. In Wude 1 Song Prefecture was established. In Zhenguan 4 a protectorate seat was installed. It oversaw twenty-five attached prefectures including Qi, Yi, Cuo, Kuo, Lin, Ya, Cong, Ke, Yuan, Feng, Yan, Nuo, E, Peng, Gui, Gai, Zhi, Si, Wei, Yu, Zhang, You, Tai, Qiao, and Xu. After Yonghui raw Qiang rebelled repeatedly, the seat was abolished and restored several times. In Xianheng 2 it was reorganized to supervise Wen, Fu, Dang, Zhe, Jing, and Yi. The protectorate oversaw thirty attached prefectures including Yan, Jian, Tanna, Ge, Pi, He, Gan, Qiong, Xi, Gong, Kan, Pei, Ru, Ma, Ba, Jian, Guang, Zhiliang, Can, Ye, Li, Sidi, Shu, Tong, Gu, Qiong, Leke, Dayi, Bei, and Ci. The Tianbao 12 register lists 104 prefectures under Song protectorate; 25 had registered households though many attached people had fled; the other 79 were raw Qiang tribes under loose oversight only. In Tianbao 1 Song Prefecture became Jiaochuan Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Song Prefecture. Under early Zhenguan's ten-circuit division, Song, Wen, Fu, Dang, Xi, Zhe, and Jing were in Longyou Circuit. After Yonghui they were transferred from Liangzhou territory to Jiannan Circuit. Formerly three counties; 612 households and 6,305 persons. At Tianbao: 1,076 households and 5,742 persons. 180 li south to Yi Prefecture; 338 li east to Fu Prefecture; 300 li east to Mao Prefecture; 300 li southwest to Dang Prefecture; 90 li northwest to the Tibetan border. 2,250 li from the capital; 3,050 li from Luoyang.
184
歷代生羌之地，漢帝招慰之，置護羌校尉，別無州縣。 至後魏，白水羌象舒治自稱鄧至王，據此地。 其子舒彭遣使朝貢，乃拜龍驤將軍、甘松縣子，始置甘松縣。 魏末大亂，又絕。 後周復招慰之，于此置龍涸防。 ，改置扶州，領龍涸郡。 隋改甘松為嘉誠縣，屬同昌郡。 ，於縣置松州，取州界甘松嶺為名
For generations this was raw Qiang land; Han emperors pacified them with a Protector of the Qiang but no regular counties. Under Northern Wei the Baishui Qiang leader Xiang Shuzhi styled himself King of Dengzhi and held the region. His son Shupeng sent tribute and was made General of Dragon Cavalry and Viscount of Gansong; Gansong County was first established. At the end of Wei chaos severed contact. Northern Zhou pacified them again and placed Longge Garrison here. In Tianhe 6 it became Fu Prefecture with Longge Commandery. The Sui renamed Gansong Jiacheng County under Tongchang Commandery. In Wude 1 Song Prefecture was placed at the county, named for Gansong Ridge.
185
後周置龍涸郡，隋廢為交川縣也
Northern Zhou created Longge Commandery; the Sui abolished it into Jiaochuan County.
186
，割交川及當州通軌、翼針三縣置平康縣，屬當州。 ，改交川郡也。 文州，隋武都郡之曲水縣。 義甯二年，置陰平郡，領曲水、長松、正西三縣。 武德改文州。 ，省正西入曲水。 ，改為陰平郡。 ，復為文州。 舊屬隴右道，隸松州都督。 永徽中，改屬劍南道也。 舊領縣二，戶一千九百八，口八千一百四十七。 天寶，戶一千六百八十六，口九千二百五。 在京師西南一千四百九十里，至東都二千二百九十里。
In Chuigong 1 Jiaochuan and Tonggui and Yizhen of Dang Prefecture were carved out as Pingkang County under Dang Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became Jiaochuan Commandery. Wen Prefecture: formerly Qushui County in the Sui Wudu commandery. In Yining 2 Yinping Commandery was created with Qushui, Changsong, and Zhengxi. Under Wude it became Wen Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 Zhengxi was abolished and merged into Qushui. In Tianbao 1 it became Yinping Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Wen Prefecture. Formerly in Longyou Circuit under the Song protectorate. In Yonghui it was transferred to Jiannan Circuit. Formerly two counties; 1,908 households and 8,147 persons. At Tianbao: 1,686 households and 9,205 persons. 1,490 li southwest of the capital; 2,290 li from Luoyang.
187
漢陰平道，屬廣漢。 晉亂，楊茂搜據為仇池，氐、羌相傳疊代。 後魏平氐、羌，始置文州。 隋為曲水縣。 武德後，置文州，治於曲水也。
Formerly Han Yinping Circuit in Guanghan. After Jin disorder Yang Maosou held it as Qiuchi; Di and Qiang ruled in succession. Northern Wei pacification of Di and Qiang first established Wen Prefecture. Under the Sui it was Qushui County. After Wude Wen Prefecture was seated at Qushui.
188
後魏置蘆北郡，郡置建昌縣。 後周移郡縣於此置。 隋廢郡，改縣為長松。 白馬水在縣北也。 扶州，隋同昌郡。 ，改為扶州。 ，復為同昌郡。 ，復為扶州。 舊屬隴右道，隸松州都督。 永徽後，改為劍南道。 舊領縣四，戶一千九百二十八，口八千五百五十六。 天寶，戶二千四百一十八，口一萬四千二百八十五。 在京師西南一千六百九十里，至東都二千四百四十九里。
Northern Wei created Lubei Commandery and Jianchang County. Northern Zhou moved the commandery and county here. The Sui abolished the commandery and renamed the county Changsong. The Baima River lies north of the county. Fu Prefecture: formerly the Sui Tongchang commandery. In Wude 1 it became Fu Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it again became Tongchang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Fu Prefecture. Formerly in Longyou Circuit under the Song protectorate. After Yonghui it was transferred to Jiannan Circuit. Formerly four counties; 1,928 households and 8,556 persons. At Tianbao: 2,418 households and 14,285 persons. 1,690 li southwest of the capital; 2,449 li from Luoyang.
189
歷代吐谷渾所據。 西魏逐吐谷渾，于此置鄧州及鄧甯郡，蓋以平定鄧至羌為名。 隋初，改置扶州及同昌縣。 煬帝又為同昌郡。 流於此也。
For generations held by the Tuyuhun. Western Wei expelled the Tuyuhun and established Deng Prefecture and Dengning Commandery, named for pacifying the Dengzhi Qiang. Early in the Sui, Fu Prefecture and Tongchang County were restored. Emperor Yang again made it Tongchang Commandery. The Fu River flows through here.
190
後魏置帖夷郡。 隋罷為縣。 ，改為武進。 神龍依舊為帖夷。
Northern Wei created Tieyi Commandery. The Sui abolished the commandery and made it a county again. In Wude 1 it was renamed Wujin. Under Shenlong it reverted to Tieyi.
191
後魏置武進郡，又改為上安郡。 隋廢郡為尚安縣。 舊治刺利村，，移治黑水堡。 八月，改為萬全也。
Northern Wei created Wujin Commandery, later Shang'an Commandery. The Sui abolished the commandery and made it Shang'an County. Formerly at Cili village; in Wude 2 the seat moved to Heishui Fort. In the eighth month of Shenlong 1 it became Wanquan.
192
後魏置鉗川郡。 隋罷郡，復為縣。 龍州，下，隋平武郡。 ，改為龍門郡。 其年，加「西」字。 ，改為龍州。 ，改為江油郡。 ，復為龍州。 舊屬隴右道，永徽後，割屬劍南也。 舊領縣二，戶一千一十七，口六千一百四十九。 天寶，戶二千九在九十二，口四千二百二十八。 在京師西南二千六百六十里，至東都三千一十五里。
Northern Wei created Qianchuan Commandery. The Sui abolished the commandery and restored the county. Long Prefecture, lower grade: formerly the Sui Pingwu commandery. In Wude 1 it became Longmen Commandery. The same year "west" was added to the name. In Zhenguan 3 it became Long Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became Jiangyou Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Long Prefecture. Formerly in Longyou Circuit; after Yonghui it went to Jiannan. Formerly two counties; 1,017 households and 6,149 persons. At Tianbao: 2,992 households and 4,228 persons. 2,660 li southwest of the capital; 3,015 li from Luoyang.
193
秦、漢、曹魏為無人之境。 鄧艾伐蜀，由陰道景谷，行無人之地七百里，鑿山通道，攀木緣崖，魚貫而進，以至江油，即此城也。 晉始置陰平郡，于此置平武縣。 至梁有楊、李二姓大豪，分據其地。 後魏平蜀，置龍州。 隋初廢郡，改平武為江油。 縣界有石門山。
Under Qin, Han, and Cao Wei it was uninhabited land. Deng Ai's Shu campaign passed seven hundred li of empty country through Yindao Jinggu, cutting mountain paths and climbing cliffs in single file to Jiangyou — this city. Jin first created Yinping Commandery and placed Pingwu County here. Under Liang the Yang and Li clans divided and held the region. When Northern Wei pacified Shu, Long Prefecture was established. Early in the Sui the commandery was abolished and Pingwu became Jiangyou. Mount Shimen lies within the county.
194
後魏馬盤縣。 ，改為清川也。 當州下，本松州之通軌縣。 ，析置當州，以土出當歸為名。 州治利川，領通軌、左封二縣。 ，又析左封置悉州。 ，移治逢臼橋。 ，改為江源郡。 ，復為當州。 本屬隴右道也。 領縣三，戶二千一百四十六，口六千七百一十三。 至京師三千一百里，至東都三千九百里。 東北至松州九百里。
Formerly Northern Wei Mapan County. In Tianbao 1 it became Qingchuan. Dang Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Tonggui County in Song Prefecture. In Zhenguan 6 it was carved out as Dang Prefecture, named for local angelica. The seat was at Lichuan with Tonggui and Zuofeng. In Xianqing 2 Zuofeng was split off to form Xi Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 the seat moved to Fengjiu Bridge. In Tianbao 1 it became Jiangyuan Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Dang Prefecture. Originally in Longyou Circuit. Three counties; 2,146 households and 6,713 persons. 3,100 li from the capital; 3,900 li from Luoyang. 900 li northeast to Song Prefecture.
195
本屬松州，歷代生羌之地。 ，松州首領董和那蓬固守松府，特敕於通軌縣置當州，以蓬為刺史。 ，蓬嫡子屈寧襲繼為刺史。 又置和利、谷利、平康三縣也
Originally under Song Prefecture; for generations raw Qiang land. In Zhenguan 6 Song chieftain Dong Henapeng held the Song seat; by edict Dang Prefecture was placed at Tonggui with Peng as prefect. Peng's eldest son Quning succeeded as prefect. Heli, Guli, and Pingkang counties were also created.
196
，分通軌置。 谷利，開生羌置也。 悉州，本翼州之左封縣。 ，置悉州，領悉唐、左封、識臼三縣，治悉唐城。 ，移治左封。 ，羌叛，又寄治當州城內，尋歸舊治。 ，置歸誠縣。 ，移治匪平川。 ，改為歸誠郡，割識臼屬臨翼郡。 ，復為悉州。 舊屬隴右道松州都督，後屬劍南道。 領縣二，戶八百一十六，口三千九百一十四。 至京師二千七百五十里，至東都三千八百里。 至西靜州六十里，西北至當州八十里也。
In Wude 1 it was carved out of Tonggui. Guli was created by pacifying raw Qiang. Xi Prefecture: originally Zuofeng County in Yi Prefecture. In Xianqing 2 Xi Prefecture was created with Xitang, Zuofeng, and Shijiu, seated at Xitang. In Zhenguan 1 the seat moved to Zuofeng. In Zhenguan 5, during a Qiang revolt, the seat was temporarily at Dang Prefecture, then returned. In Xianheng 1 Guicheng County was created. In Tianbao 1 the seat moved to Feiping River. In Tianbao 1 it became Guicheng Commandery and Shijiu went to Linyi Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Xi Prefecture. Formerly under the Song protectorate in Longyou; later under Jiannan. Two counties; 816 households and 3,914 persons. 2,750 li from the capital; 3,800 li from Luoyang. 60 li west to Jing Prefecture; 80 li northwest to Dang Prefecture.
197
，本屬翼州，在當州東南四十里。 ，生羌首領董系比射內附，乃於地置悉州，在悉唐川故也。 以董系比射為刺史，領左封、歸城二縣。 ，又移州理東南五十里匪平川置也。 歸誠，分左封置。 靜州，本當州之悉唐縣。 ，於縣置悉州。 ，於悉州置翼州都督府，移悉州理左封置。 ，罷都督府，翼州卻還治於翼針縣，于悉唐縣置南和州。 ，改為靜州，比屬隴右道，隸松州都督。 後割屬劍南。 領縣二，戶一千五百七十七，口六千六百六十九。 東北至當州六十里，東至悉州八十里。 至京師與當州道里數同也。
Originally under Yi Prefecture, forty li southeast of Dang. In Xianqing 2 raw Qiang leader Dong Xibishe submitted; Xi Prefecture was placed in the old Xitang valley. Dong Xibishe became prefect over Zuofeng and Guicheng. In Tianbao 1 the seat moved fifty li southeast to Feiping River. Guicheng was carved out of Zuofeng. Jing Prefecture: originally Xitang County in Dang Prefecture. In Xianqing 2 Xi Prefecture was placed at the county. In Zhenguan 5 the Yi protectorate was placed at Xi Prefecture, which moved to Zuofeng. In Zhenguan 6 the protectorate was abolished; Yi returned to Yizhen and Nanhe Prefecture was placed at Xitang. In Xianqing 1 it became Jing Prefecture under Longyou and the Song protectorate. Later it was transferred to Jiannan. Two counties; 1,577 households and 6,669 persons. 60 li northeast to Dang; 80 li east to Xi. Distance to the capital matches Dang Prefecture.
198
縣置在悉唐川。 舊屬當州，顯慶中來屬也。
The county lay in the Xitang River valley. Formerly under Dang Prefecture; in Xianqing it was transferred here.
199
縣界有靜川也。 恭州，下，，分靜州廣平縣置恭州，仍置博恭、烈山二縣。 ，改為恭化郡。 ，復為恭州。 本屬隴右道，後割屬劍南。 領縣三，戶一千一百八十九，口六千二百二十二。 東至柘州一百里，東北至靜州界。 至京師三千一百二十里。
The Jing River lies within the county. Gong Prefecture, lower grade: in Xianqing 1 Guangping of Jing Prefecture was split off to form Gong Prefecture with Bogong and Lieshan. In Tianbao 1 it became Gonghua Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Gong Prefecture. Originally in Longyou Circuit; later transferred to Jiannan. Three counties; 1,189 households and 6,222 persons. 100 li east to Zhe Prefecture; northeast to the Jing Prefecture border. 3,120 li from the capital.
200
舊廣平縣，屬靜州。 ，於縣置恭州。 ，改為和集。
Formerly Guangping County under Jing Prefecture. In Xianqing 1 Gong Prefecture was placed at the county. In Wude 1 it became Heji.
201
，分廣平置也。
In Xianqing 1 it was carved out of Guangping.
202
，分廣平置。 柘州，下，永徽後置。 ，改為蓬山郡。 ，復為柘州。 本屬隴右道松州都督，後割屬劍南也。 保州，下，本維州之定廉縣。 ，置奉州，以董晏立為刺史。 領定廉一縣。 ，改為雲山郡。 八載，移治所於天保軍，乃改為天保郡。 二月，西山子弟兵馬使嗣歸誠王董嘉俊以西山管內天保郡歸附，乃為保州，以嘉俊為刺史。 領縣三，戶一千二百四十五，口四千五百三十六。 至京師二千九百四十里，至東都三千七百九十里。 東至維州風流鎮四十五里也。
In Xianqing 1 it was carved out of Guangping. Zhe Prefecture, lower grade: established after Yonghui. In Tianbao 1 it became Pengshan Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Zhe Prefecture. Originally under the Song protectorate in Longyou; later under Jiannan. Bao Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Dinglian County in Wei Prefecture. In Xianheng 1 Feng Prefecture was created with Dong Yan as prefect. It administered Dinglian County. In Tianbao 1 it became Yunshan Commandery. In year 8 of the reign the seat moved to Tianbao Garrison and it became Tianbao Commandery. In the second month Dong Jiajun of the Xishan youth corps submitted Tianbao Commandery; Bao Prefecture was created with Jiajun as prefect. Three counties; 1,245 households and 4,536 persons. 2,940 li from the capital; 3,790 li from Luoyang. 45 li east to Fengliu Garrison in Wei Prefecture.
203
隋置定廉鎮。 隋末陷羌。 ，招白苟羌，置維州及定廉縣，以界水名。 ，廢鹽城併入。 ，改屬奉州。 天寶八載，改為天保郡也
The Sui placed Dinglian Garrison. Late in the Sui it fell to the Qiang. In Wude 7 the Baigou Qiang were settled and Wei Prefecture and Dinglian County were created, named for the border river. In Zhenguan 1 Yancheng was abolished and merged in. In Xianheng 1 it was transferred to Feng Prefecture. In Tianbao 8 it became Tianbao Commandery.
204
雲山，分定廉置此二縣也。 真州，下，天寶五載，分臨翼郡之昭德、雞川兩縣置昭德郡。 ，改為真州，取真符縣為名也。 領縣三，戶六百七十六，口三千一百四十七。 至京師三千里，至東都三千八百五十里。
Yunshan and the other county were carved out of Dinglian. Zhen Prefecture, lower grade: in Tianbao 5 Zhaode and Jichuan of Linyi Commandery were split off as Zhaode Commandery. Under Qianyuan it became Zhen Prefecture, named for Zhenfu County. Three counties; 676 households and 3,147 persons. 3,000 li from the capital; 3,850 li from Luoyang.
205
，分雞川、昭德二縣置，州所治也
Carved out of Jichuan and Zhaode; this was the prefectural seat.
206
，割翼州翼水縣置，屬翼州。 ，改真州
In Tianbao 1 Yishui was carved out of Yi Prefecture and placed under Yi Prefecture. Under Qianyuan it became Zhen Prefecture.
207
本識臼縣，屬悉州。 ，改屬翼州，仍改名昭德縣。 五年，改屬真州也。 霸州，下，，因招附生羌置靜戎郡。 ，改為霸州也。 領縣一，戶一百七十一，口一千八百六十一。 至京師二千六百三十二里，至東都三千二百七十一里
Formerly Shijiu County under Xi Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it went to Yi Prefecture and was renamed Zhaode County. In Tianbao 5 it was transferred to Zhen Prefecture. Ba Prefecture, lower grade: in Xianheng 1 Jingrong Commandery was created by pacifying raw Qiang. Under Qianyuan it became Ba Prefecture. One county; 171 households and 1,861 persons. 2,632 li from the capital; 3,271 li from Luoyang.
208
與郡同置，州所治也。
Founded with the commandery as the seat.
209
:已上十二州，舊屬隴右道，永徽已後，割屬松州都督，入劍南道。 諸州隸松州都督，相繼屬劍南也。
These twelve prefectures were formerly in Longyou Circuit; after Yonghui they went to the Song protectorate in Jiannan Circuit. Prefectures under the Song protectorate were successively transferred to Jiannan.
210
都督府，督羈縻二十五州。 舊督一百四州，領州，無縣戶口，惟二十五有名額，皆招撫生羌置也。
The protectorate oversaw twenty-five attached prefectures. It once supervised 104 prefectures without regular county registers; only twenty-five had registered names, all from pacifying raw Qiang.
211
下，，招慰党項置州處也。 領縣二，與州同置：江源洛稽。 領戶一百五十五。 至京師西南二千二百四十六里。
Dang Prefecture, lower grade: established by pacifying Tangxiang. Two counties founded with the seat: Jiangyuan and Luoji. 155 households. 2,246 li southwest of the capital.
212
下，，置西吉州。 八年，改為懿州，處党項也。 領縣二，與州同置：吉當唐位。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千二百五十里。
Yi Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 5 Xiji Prefecture was created. In year 8 it became Yi Prefecture for Tangxiang. Two counties founded with the seat: Ji, Dang, and Tangwei. No household registers. 2,250 li southwest of the capital.
213
下，置，處党項。 領縣二，與州同置：闊源落吳。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千五百一十里。
Kuo Prefecture, lower grade: established for Tangxiang. Two counties founded with the seat: Kuoyuan and Luowu. No household registers. 2,510 li southwest of the capital.
214
下，，置西麟州，處生羌歸附。 八年，去「西」字。 領縣七，與州同置：硤川、和善、斂具、硤源、三交、利恭、東陵。 無戶口。 至京師四千五百里。
Lin Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 5 Xilin Prefecture was created for submitting raw Qiang. In year 8 the "west" was dropped. Seven counties founded with the seat: Xiachuan, Heshan, Lianju, Xiayuan, Sanjiao, Ligong, and Dongling. No household registers. 4,500 li from the capital.
215
下，，處生羌置西雅州。 八年，去「西」字。 領縣三，與州同置：新城、三泉、石隴。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千六百六十里。
Ya Prefecture, lower grade: in Wude 5 Xiya Prefecture was created for raw Qiang. In year 8 the "west" was dropped. Three counties founded with the seat: Xincheng, Sanquan, and Shilong. No household registers. 2,660 li southwest of the capital.
216
，党項發歸附置也。 領縣五，與州同置。 都流厥調湊般匐器邇率鐘，並為諸羌部落，遙立，無縣。 寧遠、臨泉、臨河。 無戶口。 至京師西南一千八百里。
Cong Prefecture: established when Tangxiang submitted. Five counties founded with the seat. Duliujue, Diao, Cou, Ban, Fuxi, Ershuai, and Zhong were Qiang tribal divisions established remotely without regular counties. Its counties included Ningyuan, Linquan, and Linhe. No household registers. 1,800 li southwest of the capital.
217
，處党項，置西義州。 八年，改為可州也。 領縣三，與州同置：、清化、靜方。 無戶口。 至京師西南一千四十里。
Ke Prefecture: in Wude 5 Xiyi Prefecture was established for Tangxiang. In year 8 it became Ke Prefecture. Three counties founded with the seat: Tongzheng, Qinghua, and Jingfang. No household registers. 1,040 li southwest of the capital.
218
，生羌歸附置也。 領縣二，與州同置：羅水、小部川。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千三百六十里。
Yuan Prefecture: established when raw Qiang submitted. Two counties founded with the seat: Luoshui and Xiaobuchuan. No household registers. 2,360 li southwest of the capital.
219
，處生羌置西仁州。 八年，改為奉州也。 領縣三，與州同置：奉德、思安、永慈。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千一百六里。
Feng Prefecture: in Wude 5 Xiren Prefecture was created for raw Qiang. In year 8 it became Feng Prefecture. Three counties founded with the seat: Fengde, Si'an, and Yongci. No household registers. 2,106 li southwest of the capital.
220
，置西金州。 八年，改為岩州。 領縣三，與州同置：金池、甘松、丹岩。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千一百里。
Yan Prefecture: in Wude 5 Xijin Prefecture was created. In year 8 it became Yan Prefecture. Three counties founded with the seat: Jinchi, Gansong, and Danyan. No household registers. 2,100 li southwest of the capital.
221
，處降羌置。 領縣三，與州同置：諾川、歸德、籬渭。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千六百四十三里。
Nuo Prefecture: established for submitting Qiang. Three counties founded with the seat: Nuochuan, Guide, and Liwei. No household registers. 2,643 li southwest of the capital.
222
，處降羌置。 領縣二，與州同置：常平、那川。 無戶口。 至京師二千七百里。
E Prefecture: established for submitting Qiang. Two counties founded with the seat: Changping and Nachuan. No household registers. 2,700 li from the capital.
223
，處降党項置洪州。 七年，改為彭州。 領縣四，與州同置：洪川、歸遠、臨津、歸正。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千七百八十里。
Peng Prefecture: in Wude 7 Hong Prefecture was created for submitting Tangxiang. In year 7 it became Peng Prefecture. Four counties founded with the seat: Hongchuan, Guiyuan, Linjin, and Guizheng. No household registers. 2,780 li southwest of the capital.
224
都督府，，處党項置。 領縣四，與州同置：通川、玉城、金原、俄徹。 無戶口。 至京師西南二千三百九十里。
Gui Prefecture protectorate: established for Tangxiang. Four counties founded with the seat: Tongchuan, Yucheng, Jinyuan, and Eche. No household registers. 2,390 li southwest of the capital.
225
，置西唐州。 八年，改為盍州，處降羌也。 領縣四，與州同置：湘水河、唐曲嶺、枯川。 戶二百二十，無口。 至京師西南二千六百三十里。
Tang Prefecture: in Wude 5 Xitang Prefecture was created. In year 8 it became He Prefecture for submitting Qiang. Four counties founded with the seat: Xiangshui, He, Tangquling, and Kuchuan. 220 households; no population figure. 2,630 li southwest of the capital.
226
，置西集州。 八年，改為直州，處降羌。 領縣二，與州同置：集川、新川。 戶一百，無口。 至京師二千五百里。
In Wude 5 Xiji Prefecture was created. In year 8 it became Zhi Prefecture for submitting Qiang. Two counties founded with the seat: Jichuan and Xinchuan. 100 households; no population figure. 2,500 li from the capital.
227
，處降羌置。 領縣四，與州同置：歸唐、芳叢、鹽水、磨山。 無戶口。 至京師二千六百里。
Si Prefecture: established for submitting Qiang. Four counties founded with the seat: Guitang, Fangcong, Yanshui, and Moshi. No household registers. 2,600 li from the capital.
228
，降生羌置西鹽州。 八年，改為位州。 領縣二，與州同置：位豐、西使。 戶一百，無口。 至京師二千四百一十里。
In Wude 5 Xiyan Prefecture was created for submitting raw Qiang. In year 8 it became Wei Prefecture. Two counties founded with the seat: Weifeng and Xishi. 100 households; no population figure. 2,410 li from the capital.
229
，處降羌置。 領縣二，與州同置：玉山、帶河。 戶二百一十五，無口。 至京師二千八百七十八里。
Yu Prefecture: established for submitting Qiang. Two counties founded with the seat: Yushan and Daihe. 215 households; no population figure. 2,878 li from the capital.
230
，處降羌置。 領縣四，與州同置：洛平、顯川、桂川、顯平。 戶二百，無口。 至京師二千九百里。
Zhang Prefecture: established for submitting Qiang. Four counties founded with the seat: Luoping, Xianchuan, Guichuan, and Xianping. 200 households; no population figure. 2,900 li from the capital.
231
，處降羌置。 領縣二，與州同置：廓川、歸定。 無戶口。 至京師二千一百九十里。
You Prefecture: established for submitting Qiang. Two counties founded with the seat: Kuochuan and Guiding. No household registers. 2,190 li from the capital.
232
，處党項置西滄州。 八年，改為臺州。 無縣。 至京師二千一百三十五里。
In Wude 5 Xicang Prefecture was created for Tangxiang. In year 8 it became Tai Prefecture. No counties. 2,135 li from the capital.
233
，處降羌置。 無縣。 至京師二千四百里。
Qiao Prefecture: established for submitting Qiang. No counties. 2,400 li from the capital.
234
，處党項置。 無縣。 至京師二千四百里。
Xu Prefecture: established for Tangxiang. No counties. 2,400 li from the capital.
235
:右二十五州，舊屬隴右道，隸松州都督府。 貞觀中，招慰党項羌漸置。 永徽已後，羌戎叛臣，制置不一。 今存招降之始，以表太平之所至也。 嶺南道節度使，領是十七州也。 廣州，中都督府，隋南海郡。 ，討平蕭銑，置廣州總管府，管廣、東衡、洭、南綏、岡五州，並南康總管。 其廣州領南海、增城、清遠、政賓、寶安五縣。 六年，又置高、循二總管，隸廣州。 七年，改總管為大都督。 九年，廢南康都督，以端、封、宋、洭、瀧、建、齊、威、扶、議、勤十一州隸廣府。 其年，又省勤州。 貞觀改中都督府，省威、齊、宋、洭、四州，仍以廢洭州之湞陽、浛洭二縣來屬。 改東衡為韶州，仍以南康州及崖州都督，並隸廣州。 二年，省循州都督，以循、潮二州隸廣府。 八年，改建州為藥川、南綏州為湞州、南會州為竇州。 十二年，改南康州。 十三年，省湞州，以四會、化蒙、懷集、氵存安四縣來屬。 省岡州，以義寧、新會二縣並屬廣州。 其年，又以義寧、新會二縣立岡州。 今督廣、韶、端、康、封、岡、新、藥、瀧、竇、義、雷、循、潮十四州。 永徽後，以廣、桂、容、邕、安南府，皆隸廣府都督統攝，謂之五府節度使，名嶺南五管。 ，改為南海郡。 ，復為廣州。 州內有經略軍，管鎮兵五千四百人，其衣糧輕稅，本道自給。 廣州刺史，充嶺南五府經略使。 舊領縣十，戶一萬二千四百六十三，口五萬九千一百一十四。 天寶領縣十三，戶四萬二千二百三十五。 在京師東南五千四百四十七里，至東都四千九百里。
These twenty-five prefectures were formerly in Longyou Circuit under the Song protectorate. In Zhenguan Tangxiang Qiang were gradually pacified and prefectures added. After Yonghui Qiang and Rong alternately rebelled and submitted, administration varied. What remains records the first pacifications, showing the extent of peace. The Lingnan military governor oversaw these seventeen prefectures. Guangzhou, middle protectorate: formerly the Sui Nanhai commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Guangzhou general protectorate was set up over Guang, Dongheng, Kui, Nan'sui, and Gang plus Nankang. Guang Prefecture had Nanhai, Zengcheng, Qingyuan, Zhengbin, and Bao'an. In year 6 Gao and Xun general protectorate seats were added under Guangzhou. In year 7 the general protectorate became a great protectorate. In year 9 the Nankang protectorate was abolished and eleven prefectures went to Guang Prefecture. The same year Qin Prefecture was abolished. Under Zhenguan it became a middle protectorate; Wei, Qi, Song, and Kui were abolished and Zhenyang and Han'kui were reassigned here. Dongheng became Shao Prefecture; Nankang and the Yazhou protectorate also went to Guangzhou. In year 2 the Xun protectorate was abolished and Xun and Chao went to Guang Prefecture. In year 8 Jian became Yaochuan, Nan'sui became Zhen, and Nanhui became Dou. In year 12 it became Nankang Prefecture. In year 13 Zhen Prefecture was abolished and Sihui, Huameng, Huaiji, and Ji'an were reassigned here. Gang Prefecture was abolished and Yining and Xinhui went to Guangzhou. The same year Yining and Xinhui were split off again to form Gang Prefecture. It now oversees fourteen prefectures: Guang, Shao, Duan, Kang, Feng, Gang, Xin, Yao, Long, Dou, Yi, Lei, Xun, and Chao. After Yonghui Guang, Gui, Rong, Yong, and Annan fell under the Guang protectorate as the Five-Office military governor — Lingnan's five superintendencies. In Tianbao 1 it became Nanhai Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Guangzhou. The prefecture had the Jinglue army with 5,400 garrison troops, supplied by the circuit. The Guangzhou prefect also served as Lingnan Five-Office military commissioner. Formerly ten counties; 12,463 households and 59,114 persons. At Tianbao thirteen counties; 42,235 households. 5,447 li southeast of the capital; 4,900 li from Luoyang.
236
五嶺之南，漲海之北，三代已前，是為荒服。 秦滅六國，始開越置三郡，曰南海、桂林、象郡，以謫戍守之。 秦亡，南海尉任囂病且死，召南海龍川令趙佗，付以尉事。 佗乃聚兵守五嶺，擊並桂林、象郡，自稱南越武王。 子孫相傳五代九十三年。 漢武帝命伏波將軍路博多、樓船將軍楊僕兵逾嶺南，滅之。 其地立九郡，曰南海、蒼梧、郁林、合浦、交阯、九真、日南、儋耳、珠崖。 後漢廢珠崖、儋耳入合浦郡。 交州刺史領七郡而已。 今南海縣即漢番禺縣，南海郡。 隋分番禺置南海縣。 番山，在州東三百步。 禺山，在北一里。 貪泉，州西三十里。 越王井，州北四里。 番禺漢縣名，秦屬南海郡。 後漢置交州，領郡七。 吳置廣州。 皆治番禺也
South of the Five Ridges and north of the South Sea, before the Three Dynasties this was frontier wilderness. When Qin conquered the six states it opened Yue with three commanderies — Nanhai, Guilin, and Xiang — garrisoned by exiles. When Qin fell, dying Nanhai Commandant Ren Xiao summoned Longchuan magistrate Zhao Tuo and entrusted him with command. Tuo gathered troops at the Five Ridges, seized Guilin and Xiang, and styled himself King Wu of Nanyue. His line ruled for five generations over ninety-three years. Emperor Wu sent General Fubo Lu Bodeduo and Tower-Ship General Yang Pu south across the ridges to destroy them. Nine commanderies were established: Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, Rinan, Dan'er, and Zhuya. Later Han abolished Zhuya and Dan'er into Hepu Commandery. The Jiaozhou inspector held only seven commanderies. Present Nanhai County is Han Panyu in Nanhai Commandery. The Sui carved Nanhai County out of Panyu. Mount Fan lies three hundred paces east of the seat. Mount Yu is one li north. Greed Spring is thirty li west of the seat. The King of Yue Well is four li north of the seat. Panyu — a Han county name under Qin Nanhai Commandery. Later Han created Jiaozhou with seven commanderies. Wu created Guangzhou. All were seated at Panyu.
237
後漢番禺縣地。 吳於縣置東宮。 有增江
Territory of Later Han Panyu County. Wu placed the Eastern Palace at the county. The Zeng River flows through the county.
238
漢縣，屬南海。 ，於縣治北置南綏州，領四會、化蒙、新招、化穆、化注五縣。 ，省新招、化注二縣，以廢威州之懷集、廢齊州之氵存安二縣來屬。 八年，改為湞州。 十三年，省州及化穆縣，以四會、化蒙、懷集、洊安四縣屬廣州也
Formerly a Han county in Nanhai. In Zhenguan 4 Nansui Prefecture was placed north of the seat with five counties including Sihui and Huameng. In year 7 Xinzhao and Huazhu were abolished; Huaiji from Wei and Ji'an from Qi were reassigned here. In year 8 it became Zhen Prefecture. In year 13 the prefecture and Huamu were abolished; four counties went to Guangzhou.
239
隋縣。 ，屬南綏州。 ，省化注入。 八年，改綏州為湞州，縣仍屬。 十三年，改屬廣州
Formerly a Sui county. In Zhenguan 4 it was under Nansui Prefecture. In year 7 Huazhu was abolished and merged in. In year 8 Sui Prefecture became Zhen Prefecture; the county stayed subordinate. In year 13 it was transferred to Guangzhou.
240
晉懷化縣，隋為懷集。 ，於縣置威州，領興平、懷集、霍清、威成四縣。 ，州廢，以懷集屬南綏，省興平、霍清、威成三縣。 八年，改綏州為湞州，縣仍屬。 十三年，屬廣州
Jin Huaihua County; under the Sui Huaiji. In Wude 7 Wei Prefecture was placed at the county with Xingping, Huaiji, Huoqing, and Weicheng. In year 8 the prefecture was abolished; Huaiji went to Nansui and three counties were abolished. In year 8 Sui Prefecture became Zhen Prefecture; the county stayed subordinate. In year 13 it was under Guangzhou.
241
隋寶安縣。 九月，改為東莞。 郡，于嶺外其為名也
Formerly Sui Bao'an County. In the ninth month of Qianyuan 2 it became Dongguan. Huaiji — named for its position beyond the passes.
242
隋縣。 ，廢政賓縣併入，所治也
Formerly a Sui county. In Zhenguan 1 Zhengbin was abolished and merged in as the seat.
243
漢封陽縣，屬蒼梧郡。 南齊改為洊安。 ，于縣置齊州，領洊安、宣樂、宋昌三縣。 ，省齊州及宣樂、宋宣二縣，以洊安屬綏州。 八年，改綏州為湞州，縣仍屬。 十三年，湞州廢，屬賓州。 九月，改為洊水也
Formerly Han Fengyang County in Cangwu Commandery. Southern Qi renamed it Ji'an. In Wude 7 Qi Prefecture was placed at the county with Ji'an, Xuanyue, and Songchang. In year 8 Qi Prefecture and Xuanyue and Songxuan were abolished; Ji'an went to Sui Prefecture. In year 8 Sui Prefecture became Zhen Prefecture; the county stayed subordinate. In year 13 Zhen Prefecture was abolished; it was under Bin Prefecture. In the ninth month of Qianyuan 2 it became Jianshui.
244
漢縣，屬桂陽郡。 隋為真陽。 五年，屬洭州。 貞觀初，州廢，改真陽湞陽，屬廣州。 湞山，在縣北三十里。 韶州，隋南海郡之曲江縣。 ，平蕭銑，置番州，領曲江、始興、樂昌、臨瀧、良化五縣。 ，改為韶州，仍割洭州之翁源來屬。 八年，廢臨瀧、良化二縣。 ，改為始興郡。 ，復為韶州。 舊領縣四，戶六千九百六十，口四萬四百一十六。 天寶領縣六，戶三萬一千，口十六萬八千九百四十八。 南至廣州八百里，西至郴州五百里，東南至虔州七百里。 至京師四千九百三十二里，至東都四千一百四十二里。
Formerly a Han county in Guiyang Commandery. Under the Sui it was Zhenyang. In year 5 it was under Kui Prefecture. Early in Zhenguan the prefecture was abolished; Zhenyang became Zhenyang and went to Guangzhou. Mount Zhen lies thirty li north of the county. Shao Prefecture: formerly Qujiang County in the Sui Nanhai commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Fan Prefecture was created with five counties including Qujiang and Shixing. In year 12 it became Shao Prefecture; Wengyuan was transferred from Kui Prefecture. In year 8 Linlong and Lianghua were abolished. In Tianbao 1 it became Shixing Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Shao Prefecture. Formerly four counties; 6,960 households and 40,416 persons. At Tianbao six counties; 31,000 households and 168,948 persons. 800 li south to Guangzhou; 500 li west to Chen; 700 li southeast to Qian. 4,932 li from the capital; 4,142 li from Luoyang.
245
漢縣，屬桂陽郡。 在曲江川，州所治也
Formerly a Han county in Guiyang Commandery. On the Qujiang River — the prefectural seat.
246
漢南野縣地，屬豫章郡。 孫皓分南康郡之南鄉，始興縣置。 縣界東嶠，一名大庾嶺，南越之北塞。 漢討南越時，有將軍姓庾，城於此。 五嶺之最東，故曰東嶠也
Territory of Han Nanye County in Yuzhang Commandery. Sun Hao carved Shixing County from Nanxiang in Nankang Commandery. Dongqiao — also Dayu Ridge — lies within the county, the northern barrier of Nanyue. When Han attacked Nanyue, a general surnamed Yu fortified here. The easternmost of the Five Ridges — hence Dongqiao.
247
隋置
Established under the Sui as Renhua County.
248
翁水在縣界。 隋縣。 ，置洭州。 貞觀初廢，以屬韶州
The Weng River flows within the county. Formerly a Sui county. In Wude 7 Kui Prefecture was created. Early in Zhenguan it was abolished and went to Shao Prefecture.
249
、，已上二縣，天寶後新置。 循州，隋龍川郡。 ，改為循州總管府，管循、潮二州。 循州領歸善、河源、博羅、興甯、海豐、羅陽。 省龍川入歸善、石城入河源、齊昌入興寧。 ，廢都督府。 ，改為海豐郡。 ，復為循州。 舊領縣五，戶六千八百九十一，口三萬六千四百三十六。 天寶領縣六，戶九千五百二十五，無口數。 南至廣州四百里，東至潮州五百一十七里，北至虔州隔山嶺一千六百五十里。 至東都四千八百里。
The two counties above were newly established after Tianbao. Xun Prefecture: formerly the Sui Longchuan commandery. In Wude 4 it became the Xun general protectorate over Xun and Chao. Xun Prefecture had Guishan, Heyuan, Boluo, Xingning, Haifeng, and Luoyang. Longchuan merged into Guishan; Shicheng into Heyuan; Qichang into Xingning. In year 7 the protectorate was abolished. In Tianbao 1 it became Haifeng Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Xun Prefecture. Formerly five counties; 6,891 households and 36,436 persons. At Tianbao six counties; 9,525 households; no population figure. 400 li south to Guangzhou; 517 li east to Chaozhou; 1,650 li north to Qian over the ridges. 4,800 li from Luoyang.
250
秦、漢龍川縣地，屬南海郡。 宋置歸善縣，縣界羅浮山。 ，省龍川縣併入。
Qin and Han Longchuan territory in Nanhai Commandery. Song created Guishan County; Mount Luofu lies within the county. In year 8 Longchuan was abolished and merged in.
251
漢舊縣，屬南海郡也。 河源隋縣。 循江，一名河源水，自虔州雩都縣流入。
Formerly a Han county in Nanhai Commandery. Heyuan — a Sui county. The Xun River, also the Heyuan River, enters from Yudu in Qian Prefecture.
252
，在河源縣，云有龍穿地而出，即水流，漢因置龍川縣。 ，省石城併入。
At Heyuan a dragon supposedly burst from the ground and water flowed forth; Han thus created Longchuan County. In year 8 Shicheng was abolished and merged in.
253
宋縣，屬東莞郡。
Song county in Dongguan Commandery.
254
在海豐縣南五十里，即漲海，渺漫無際。 ，分置陸安縣。 貞觀初併入也。
Fifty li south of Haifeng lies the open sea, boundless to the horizon. In Zhenguan 2 Lu'an County was carved out. Early in Zhenguan it was merged in.
255
漢龍川縣地。 省齊昌併入。
Territory of Han Longchuan County. Qichang was abolished and merged in.
256
新置。 岡州，隋南海郡之新會縣。 ，平蕭銑，置岡州，領新會、封平、義寧三縣。 ，州廢，以新會、義甯屬廣州，省封平、封樂二縣。 其年，又立岡州，割廣州之新會、義寧來屬。 又立封樂縣。 改為義寧郡。 ，復為岡州也。 舊領縣二，戶二千三百五十八，口八千六百六十二。 天寶，戶五千六百五十，無口數。 在京師西南六千三百五里。
Newly established. Gang Prefecture: formerly Xinhui County in the Sui Nanhai commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Gang Prefecture was created with Xinhui, Fengping, and Yining. In year 7 the prefecture was abolished; Xinhui and Yining went to Guangzhou; Fengping and Fengle were abolished. The same year Gang Prefecture was restored; Xinhui and Yining were transferred from Guangzhou. Fengle County was also created. In Tianbao 1 it became Yining Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Gang Prefecture. Formerly two counties; 2,358 households and 8,662 persons. At Tianbao 5,650 households; no population figure. 6,305 li southwest of the capital.
257
漢南海縣地。 晉置新會郡。 改置封州，又改為允州，又改為岡州。 隋末廢，併入廣州。 ，復為岡州。 舊治盆源城。 ，廢岡州，縣屬廣州。 其年，復置州於今治也
Territory of Han Nanhai County. Jin created Xinhui Commandery. It became Feng Prefecture, then Yun, then Gang Prefecture. Late in the Sui it was abolished into Guangzhou. In Wude 4 it was restored as Gang Prefecture. Formerly seated at Panyuan city. In year 7 Gang Prefecture was abolished; the county went to Guangzhou. The same year the prefecture was restored at the present seat.
258
漢番禺縣地。 宋置義寧縣，屬新會郡。 賀州，隋蒼梧郡之臨賀縣。 ，平蕭銑，置賀州。 ，改為臨賀郡。 ，復為賀州也。 舊領縣五，戶六千七百一十三，口一萬八千六百二十八。 天寶領縣六，戶四千五百，無口數。 在京師東南四千一百三十里，至東都三千五百七十二里。 東南至廣州八百七十六里，東至連州二百六十里，南至封州三百六十六里，北至道州四百里，北至富州三百二十里，西南至梧州四百二十二里也。
Territory of Han Panyu County. Song created Yining County under Xinhui Commandery. He Prefecture: formerly Linhe County in the Sui Cangwu commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, He Prefecture was created. In Tianbao 1 it became Linhe Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to He Prefecture. Formerly five counties; 6,713 households and 18,628 persons. At Tianbao six counties; 4,500 households; no population figure. 4,130 li southeast of the capital; 3,572 li from Luoyang. 876 li southeast to Guangzhou; 260 li east to Lian; 366 li south to Feng; 400 li north to Dao; 320 li north to Fu; 422 li southwest to Wu.
259
州所治。 漢縣，屬蒼梧郡。 臨、賀水。 吳置臨賀郡。 宋改為臨慶國，齊復為臨賀郡。 隋置賀州，隋末廢為縣。 ，復置賀州
The prefectural seat. Formerly a Han county in Cangwu Commandery. The Lin and He rivers. Wu created Linhe Commandery. Under Song it became the Linqing principality; Qi restored Linhe Commandery. The Sui created He Prefecture; at the Sui dynasty's end it was reduced to a county. In Wude 4 He Prefecture was re-established.
260
漢臨賀縣地，隋舊也
Former Han Linhe county territory; established under the Sui.
261
漢縣，屬蒼梧郡。 有荔平關
Formerly a Han county in Cangwu Commandery. Liping Pass lies within the county.
262
漢縣，屬蒼梧郡
Formerly a Han county in Cangwu Commandery.
263
漢富川縣。 天寶改為富水，後復為富川也
Formerly Han Fuchuan County. Renamed Fushui at Tianbao; later reverted to Fuchuan.
264
新置。 端州，隋信安郡。 ，置端州，領高要、樂城、銅陵、平興、博林五縣。 其年，以樂城屬康州，銅陵屬春州。 七年，置清泰縣。 ，省博林、清泰二縣。 ，為高要郡。 ，復為端州。 舊領縣二，戶四千四百九十一，口二萬四千三百三。 天寶，戶九千五百，口二萬一千一百二十。 東至廣州二百四十里，南至新州一百四十里，西至康州一百六里。 至京師四千九百三十五里，至東都四千七百里。
Newly created. Duan Prefecture: formerly the Sui Xin'an commandery. In Wude 1 Duan Prefecture was created, governing Gaoyao, Lecheng, Tongling, Pingxing, and Bolin — five counties. The same year Lecheng went to Kang and Tongling to Chun. In year 7 Qingtai County was created. In Zhenguan 13 Bolin and Qingtai counties were abolished. In Tianbao 1 it became Gaoyao Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Duan Prefecture. Formerly two counties; 4,491 households and 24,303 persons. At Tianbao 9,500 households and 21,120 persons. 240 li east to Guangzhou; 140 li south to Xin; 160 li west to Kang. 4,935 li from the capital; 4,700 li from Luoyang.
265
，州所治。 漢縣，屬蒼梧郡。 宋、齊屬南海郡。 陳置高要郡，隋置端州。 縣北五里有石室山。 縣西有鵠奔亭，即漢交州刺史行部到鵠亭，夜，女子鬼訴冤之亭
Gaoyao served as the prefectural seat. Formerly a Han county in Cangwu Commandery. Under Song and Qi it was in Nanhai Commandery. Chen created Gaoyao Commandery; the Sui established Duan Prefecture. Shishi Mountain stands five li north of the county seat. West of the county lies Goose-Flight Pavilion — where a woman's ghost pleaded her case at night to the Han Inspector of Jiao on his tour to Goose Pavilion.
266
，漢高要縣地，隋分置。 ，分置清泰縣。 ，省清泰併入。 新州，隋信安郡之新興縣。 ，平蕭銑，置新州。 ，改為新興郡。 ，復為新州。 舊領縣四，戶七千三百八十八，口三萬五千二十五。 天寶領縣三，戶九千五百。 東至廣州義寧縣四十一里，北至端州一百四十里，西北至康州二百七十里，西南至勤州一百七十里。 至京師五千五十二里，至東都五千里。
Pingxing: former Han Gaoyao county territory, split off under the Sui. In Wude 7 Qingtai County was carved out. In Zhenguan 13 Qingtai was abolished and absorbed. Xin Prefecture: formerly Xinxing County in the Sui Xin'an commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Xin Prefecture was created. In Tianbao 1 it became Xinxing Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Xin Prefecture. Formerly four counties; 7,388 households and 35,025 persons. At Tianbao three counties; 9,500 households. 41 li east to Yining in Guangzhou; 140 li north to Duan; 270 li northwest to Kang; 170 li southwest to Qin. 5,052 li from the capital; 5,000 li from Luoyang.
267
漢臨允縣，屬合浦郡。 晉置新甯郡，梁置新州
Formerly Han Linyun County in Hepu Commandery. Jin created Xinning Commandery; Liang established Xin Prefecture.
268
，析新興縣置
In Wude 4 it was carved out of Xinxing County.
269
新置。 康州，隋信安郡之端溪縣。 ，置康州都督府，督端、康、封、新、宋、瀧等州。 九年，廢都督府及康州。 ，又置南康州。 十一年廢，十二年又置康州。 ，改為晉康郡。 ，復為康州。 舊領縣四，戶四千一百二十四，口一萬三千五百四。 天寶，戶一萬五百一十，口一萬七千二百一十九。 東北至廣州三百四十里，西南至梧州二百八十四里，東至端州一百六十里，南至瀧州二百三十里，西至封州一百三十里，南至新州二百七十里。 至京師五千七百五十里，至東都五千一百五十里。
Newly created. Kang Prefecture: formerly Duanxi County in the Sui Xin'an commandery. In Wude 4 the Kangzhou protectorate was set up, overseeing Duan, Kang, Feng, Xin, Song, and Long. In year 9 the protectorate and Kang Prefecture were abolished. In Zhenguan 1 South Kang Prefecture was re-established. Abolished in year 11; restored as Kang Prefecture in year 12. In Tianbao 1 it became Jinkang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Kang Prefecture. Formerly four counties; 4,124 households and 13,504 persons. At Tianbao 10,510 households and 17,219 persons. 340 li northeast to Guangzhou; 284 li southwest to Wu; 160 li east to Duan; 230 li south to Long; 130 li west to Feng; 270 li south to Xin. 5,750 li from the capital; 5,150 li from Luoyang.
270
，漢縣，屬蒼梧郡。 晉于縣分置晉康郡。 隋廢郡，併入信安郡。 武德復置康州。 縣界有端山，山下有溪也
Duanxi: formerly a Han county in Cangwu Commandery. Jin split Jinkang Commandery from the county. The Sui abolished the commandery and merged it into Xin'an. Kang Prefecture was restored in the Wude era. Duan Mountain lies on the county border, with a stream at its foot.
271
，隋安遂縣。 ，改為晉康縣
Jinkang: formerly Sui Ansui County. In Zhide 2 it was renamed Jinkang County.
272
，隋樂城縣。 ，屬端州。 又割屬康州，改為悅城
Yuecheng: formerly Sui Lecheng County. In Wude 5 it belonged to Duan Prefecture. It was then transferred to Kang Prefecture and renamed Yuecheng.
273
，漢端溪縣。 東百步有程溪，亦名零溪，溫嫗養龍之溪也。 封州，下，隋蒼梧郡之封川縣。 ，平蕭銑，置封州。 ，改為臨封郡。 ，復為封州。 舊領縣四，戶二千五百五十五，口一萬三千四百七十七。 天寶領縣二，戶三千九百，口一萬一千八百二十七。 東北至廣州九十五里，西北至梧州五十五里，東至康州一百三十里，北至賀州三百六十六里。 至京師水陸四千五百一十里也。
Ducheng: formerly Han Duanxi County. Cheng Stream, also called Ling Stream, lies a hundred paces east — where Warm Old Woman raised dragons. Feng Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Fengchuan County in the Sui Cangwu commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Feng Prefecture was created. In Tianbao 1 it became Linfeng Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Feng Prefecture. Formerly four counties; 2,555 households and 13,477 persons. At Tianbao two counties; 3,900 households and 11,827 persons. 95 li northeast to Guangzhou; 55 li northwest to Wu; 130 li east to Kang; 366 li north to He. 4,510 li from the capital by land and water.
274
，州所治。 漢廣信縣地，屬蒼梧郡。 在封水之陽。 梁置梁信郡。 隋平陳，改為成州。 ，又改為封州。 隋末，州廢為封川縣，屬蒼梧郡。 武德初，置封州。 隋移州于封川口，即今縣治也
Fengchuan served as the prefectural seat. Former Han Guangxin county territory in Cangwu Commandery. It stands on the south bank of Feng Stream. Liang created Liangxin Commandery. After the Sui pacified Chen it became Cheng Prefecture. In Daye 3 it was again renamed Feng Prefecture. At the Sui dynasty's end the prefecture was abolished and became Fengchuan County under Cangwu. At the opening of Wude, Feng Prefecture was established. The Sui moved the seat to Fengchuan Mouth — today's county seat.
275
，漢封陽縣地，屬蒼梧郡，隋舊也。 瀧州，隋永熙郡之瀧水縣。 ，平蕭銑，置瀧州。 ，改為開陽郡。 ，復為瀧州。 舊領縣四，戶三千六百二十七，口九千四百三十九。 天寶領縣五。
Kaijian: former Han Fengyang county territory in Cangwu Commandery; established under the Sui. Long Prefecture: formerly Longshui County in the Sui Yongxi commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Long Prefecture was created. In Tianbao 1 it became Kaiyang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Long Prefecture. Formerly four counties; 3,627 households and 9,439 persons. At Tianbao five counties.
276
，州所治。 漢端溪縣地，屬蒼梧郡。 晉分端溪立龍鄉，即今州治。 梁分廣熙郡置建州，又分建州之雙頭洞立雙州。 隋改龍鄉為平原縣，又改為瀧水
Longshui served as the prefectural seat. Former Han Duanxi county territory in Cangwu Commandery. Jin carved Longxiang out of Duanxi — today's prefectural seat. Liang split Jian Prefecture from Guangxi Commandery, then Shuang Prefecture from Shuangtou Cave in Jian. The Sui renamed Longxiang Pingyuan County, then Longshui.
277
，隋廢縣。 ，分瀧水置
Kaiyang: abolished as a county under the Sui. In Wude 4 it was carved out of Longshui.
278
，，于安遂縣置藥州，領安遂、永甯、安南、永業四縣。 貞觀中，廢藥州，以永寧屬瀧州。 本隋永熙縣，，改為永寧縣
In Wude 4 Yao Prefecture was set up at Ansui County, governing Ansui, Yongning, Annan, and Yongye — four counties. In the Zhenguan period Yao Prefecture was abolished and Yongning transferred to Long. Originally Sui Yongxi County; in Wude 5 it became Yongning County.
279
，隋安南縣。 九月，改為鎮南
Zhennan: formerly Sui Annan County. In Zhide 2, ninth month, it was renamed Zhennan.
280
，新置。 恩州，隋高涼郡。 ，平蕭銑，置高州都督府，管高、春、羅、辯、雷、崖、儋、新八州。 七年，割崖、儋、雷、新屬廣州。 ，廢高州都督府，置恩州。 ，改為恩平郡。 ，復為恩州，內有清海軍，管戍兵三千人也。 領縣三，戶九千，無口數。 至京師東南六千五百里。 西北六十里接廣州界。
Jianshui: newly created. En Prefecture: formerly the Sui Gaoliang commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, the Gaozhou protectorate was set up, overseeing Gao, Chun, Luo, Bian, Lei, Ya, Dan, and Xin — eight prefectures. In year 7 Ya, Dan, Lei, and Xin were transferred to Guangzhou. In Zhenguan 23 the Gaozhou protectorate was abolished and En Prefecture created. In Tianbao 1 it became Enping Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to En Prefecture, with the Qinghai Army garrisoning three thousand troops. Three counties; 9,000 households; no population figure. It lies 6,500 li southeast of the capital. It borders Guangzhou sixty li to the northwest.
281
州所治。 漢合浦郡也，隋置海安縣。 ，改為齊安。 九月，改為恩平也
Enping served as the prefectural seat. Formerly Hepu Commandery; the Sui created Hai'an County. In Wude 5 it was renamed Qi'an. In Zhide 2, ninth month, it became Enping.
282
隋杜原縣。 ，改為杜陵也
Duling: formerly Sui Duyuan County. In Wude 5 it was renamed Duling.
283
隋舊置也。 春州隋高涼郡之陽春縣。 ，平蕭銑，置春州。 ，改為南陵郡。 ，復為春州。 舊領一，戶五千七百一十四，口二萬一千六十一。 天寶領縣二，戶一萬一千二百一十八。 至京師東南六千四百四十八里。 東至廣州六百四十二里，南至恩州九十三里，西至高州三百三十里，東北至新州二百六十里，西北至瀧州界也。
Yangjiang: established under the Sui. Chun Prefecture: formerly Yangchun County in the Sui Gaoliang commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Chun Prefecture was created. In Tianbao 1 it became Nanling Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Chun Prefecture. Formerly a single county; 5,714 households and 21,061 persons. At Tianbao two counties; 11,218 households. It lies 6,448 li southeast of the capital. 642 li east to Guangzhou; 93 li south to En; 330 li west to Gao; 260 li northeast to Xin; northwest to the Long border.
284
州所治。 漢高涼縣地，屬合浦郡，至隋不改也
Yangchun served as the prefectural seat. Former Han Gaoliang county territory in Hepu Commandery, unchanged through the Sui.
285
天寶後置。 高州隋高涼郡。 舊治高涼縣，後改為西平縣。 ，分西平、杜陵置恩州，高州移治良德縣。 ，改為高涼郡。 ，復為高州。 領縣三，戶一萬二千四百。 西北至竇州九十二里，北至瀧州界三百五十里，西南至潘州九十里，東至春州三百三十里。 至京師六千二百六十二里，至東都五千五百二十里。
Luoshui: created after Tianbao. Gao Prefecture: formerly the Sui Gaoliang commandery. Originally at Gaoliang County; later renamed Xiping County. In Zhenguan 23 Xiping and Duling were carved out for En Prefecture, and Gao moved its seat to Liangde. In Tianbao 1 it became Gaoliang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Gao Prefecture. Three counties; 12,400 households. 92 li northwest to Dou; 350 li north to the Long border; 90 li southwest to Pan; 330 li east to Chun. 6,262 li from the capital; 5,520 li from Luoyang.
286
漢合浦縣地，屬合浦郡。 吳置高涼郡，宋、齊不改
Liangde: former Han Hepu county territory in Hepu Commandery. Wu created Gaoliang Commandery; unchanged under Song and Qi.
287
梁置電白郡，隋改為縣也
Dianbai: Liang created Dianbai Commandery; the Sui made it a county.
288
舊保安縣。 ，改為保定。 藤州下，隋永平郡。 ，置藤州，領永平、猛陵、安基、武林、隋建、陽安、普寧、戎城、寧人、淳人、大賓、賀川十二縣。 ，以武林屬龔州、安普屬燕州、普甯屬容州。 八年，以猛陵屬梧州。 十二年，以隋建屬龔州。 ，改為感義郡。 ，復為藤州也。 舊領縣六，戶九千二百三十六，口一萬三百七十二。 天寶領縣三，戶三千九百八十。 至京師五千五百九十六里，至東都五千二百里。 南至義州二百里，西至龔州一百四十九里，北至梧州九十七里。
Baoding: formerly Bao'an County. In Zhide 2 it was renamed Baoding. Teng Prefecture, lower grade: formerly the Sui Yongping commandery. In Wude 4 Teng Prefecture was created, governing Yongping, Mengling, Anji, Wulin, Suijian, Yang'an, Puning, Rongcheng, Ningren, Chunren, Dabin, and Hechuan — twelve counties. In Zhenguan 7 Wulin went to Gong, Anpu to Yan, and Puning to Rong. In year 8 Mengling was transferred to Wu Prefecture. In year 12 Suijian was transferred to Gong Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became Ganyi Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Teng Prefecture. Formerly six counties; 9,236 households and 10,372 persons. At Tianbao three counties; 3,980 households. 5,596 li from the capital; 5,200 li from Luoyang. 200 li south to Yi; 149 li west to Gong; 97 li north to Wu.
289
漢猛陵縣，屬蒼梧郡。 晉置永平郡。 隋置藤州及鐔津。
Tanjin: formerly Han Mengling County in Cangwu Commandery. Jin created Yongping Commandery. The Sui established Teng Prefecture and Tanjin.
290
本安昌縣。 九月，改為義昌。 義州下，隋永熙郡之永業縣。 ，置南義州及四縣。 ，州廢，以所領縣入南建州。 二年，復置義州，還以故縣來屬。 五年，廢義州，縣屬南建州。 六年，復置義州。 又改縣來屬。 ，改為連城郡。 ，復為義州。 舊領縣四，戶三千二百二十五，無口。 天寶領縣三，戶一千一百一十，口七千三百三。 至京師五千七百五十里，至東都四六百九十里，東至梧州隔鄣嶺一百七十里，北至藤州二百里，西至容州九十里，東南至竇州一百七十二里，東北至瀧州二百七里。
Ganyi: originally Anchang County. In Zhide 2, ninth month, it became Yichang. Yi Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Yongye County in the Sui Yongxi commandery. In Wude 5 South Yi Prefecture and four counties were created. In Zhenguan 1 the prefecture was abolished and its counties went to Nanjian. In year 2 Yi Prefecture was restored and the former counties returned. In year 5 Yi Prefecture was abolished and the counties went to Nanjian. In year 6 Yi Prefecture was restored. The counties were again placed under it. In Tianbao 1 it became Liancheng Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yi Prefecture. Formerly four counties; 3,225 households; no population figure. At Tianbao three counties; 1,110 households and 7,303 persons. 5,750 li from the capital; 4,690 li from Luoyang; 170 li east to Wu across Zhang Ridge; 200 li north to Teng; 90 li west to Rong; 172 li southeast to Dou; 207 li northeast to Long.
291
州所治。 漢猛城縣，屬蒼梧郡。 ，置龍城縣，置南義州。 貞觀初廢，二年復置義州，領龍城、安義、連城、義城四縣。 至德中，改安義為永業，龍城為嶺溪
Lingxi served as the prefectural seat. Formerly Han Mengcheng County in Cangwu Commandery. In Wude 4 Longcheng County was created and South Yi Prefecture established. Abolished at the opening of Zhenguan; in year 2 Yi Prefecture was restored with Longcheng, Anyi, Liancheng, and Yicheng — four counties. In the Zhide period Anyi became Yongye and Longcheng became Lingxi.
292
舊安義縣，至德年改
Yongye: formerly Anyi County; renamed in the Zhide era.
293
，分瀧州之正義縣置。 竇州下，隋永熙郡懷德縣。 ，置南扶州及五縣。 以獠反寄瀧州。 廢，以所管縣並屬瀧州。 二年，獠平，復置南扶州，自瀧州還其故縣。 五年復廢，縣隸瀧州。 六年復置，以故縣來屬。 其年，改南扶為竇州。 ，改為懷德郡。 ，復為竇州。 舊領縣五，戶三千五百五十。 天寶領縣四，戶一千一十九。 至京師水陸六千一百二里，至東都水陸五千四百里。 西至容州二百里，東至瀧州一百八十里，南至潘州一百五十里，東南至高州九十二里，北至義州二百三十里，西南至禺州一百九十里。
In Wude 5 it was carved out of Zhengyi in Long Prefecture. Dou Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Huaide County in the Sui Yongxi commandery. In Wude 4 South Fu Prefecture and five counties were created. Due to Liao rebellion it was temporarily assigned to Long Prefecture. It was abolished and all its counties went to Long Prefecture. In year 2, after the Liao were pacified, South Fu Prefecture was restored and its counties returned from Long. Abolished again in year 5; the counties went to Long Prefecture. Restored in year 6; the former counties returned. That year South Fu was renamed Dou Prefecture. In Tianbao 1 it became Huaide Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Dou Prefecture. Formerly five counties; 3,550 households. At Tianbao four counties; 1,019 households. 6,102 li from the capital by land and water; 5,400 li from Luoyang by land and water. 200 li west to Rong; 180 li east to Long; 150 li south to Pan; 92 li southeast to Gao; 230 li north to Yi; 190 li southwest to Yu.
294
漢端溪縣地，屬蒼梧。 隋為懷德縣。 ，析懷德縣置信義縣，仍置南扶州。 貞觀中，改為寶州，取州界有羅竇洞為名也
Xinyi: former Han Duanxi county territory in Cangwu. Under the Sui it was Huaide County. In Wude 4 Xinyi was carved out of Huaide and South Fu Prefecture established. In the Zhenguan period it became Bao Prefecture, named for Luodou Cave on its borders.
295
本屬瀧州，後來屬也
Huaide: originally under Long Prefecture; later transferred here.
296
，分信義縣置也
In Wude 4 it was carved out of Xinyi County.
297
，分信義置也。 勤州隋信安郡之高梁縣地。 ，置勤州，隸南康州總管。 九年，改隸廣州，其年廢，縣屬春州。 後置勤州，以銅陵來屬。 仍析置富林縣。 領縣三，戶六百八十二，口一千九百三十三。 至京師五千三百九十里，至東都五千里。 東至新州一百七十里，西至瀧州二百六十里，南至廣州六百三十五里，西北至康州二百七十三里。
In Wude 4 it was split off from Xinyi. Qin Prefecture: formerly Gaoliang county territory in the Sui Xin'an commandery. In Wude 4 Qin Prefecture was created under the South Kangzhou general protectorate. In year 9 it was transferred to Guangzhou; the same year it was abolished and its counties went to Chun. Qin Prefecture was later restored and Tongling transferred here. Fulin County was also carved out. Three counties; 682 households and 1,933 persons. 5,390 li from the capital; 5,000 li from Luoyang. 170 li east to Xin; 260 li west to Long; 635 li south to Guangzhou; 273 li northwest to Kang.
298
州所治，析銅陵置
Fulin served as the seat, carved out of Tongling.
299
漢臨允縣地，屬合浦郡。 宋立瀧潭縣。 隋改為銅陵，以界內有銅山也。 桂管十五州在廣州西。 桂州下，都督府隋始安郡。 ，平蕭銑，置桂州總管府，管桂、象、靜、融、賀、樂、荔、南昆、龍九州，並定州一總管。 其桂州領始安、福祿、純化、興安、臨源、永福、陽朔、歸義、宣風、象十縣。 尋改定州為南尹州。 其年，又置欽州總管，隸桂府。 五年，置南恭、燕、梧三州，隸桂府。 九年，置晏州，隸桂府。 ，以欽、玉、南亭三州隸桂府。 二年，省玉州、南亭州。 五年，置賓州，隸桂府。 六年，又以尹、藤、越、白、相、繡、郁、姜、南宕、南方、南簡、南晉十二州隸桂府。 其年，置龔州都督，亦隸桂府。 其年，廢龍、鬱二州。 八年，改越州為廉州，南簡為橫州，南方為澄州，南宕為潘州，南晉為邕州，尹州為貴州，靜州為富州，樂州為昭州，南昆為柳州，銅州為容州。 廢福祿、歸義二縣。 十年，廢薑州。 十二年，廢晏州，以建陵縣來屬。 廢荔州，以荔浦、崇仁二縣來屬。 省宣風縣。 今督桂、昭、賀、富、梧、藤、容、潘、白、廉、繡、欽、橫、邕、融、柳、貴十七州。 ，改為始安郡，依舊都督府。 九月，改為建陵郡。 ，復為桂州，刺史充經略軍使，管戍兵千人，衣糧稅本管自給也。 舊領縣十，戶三萬二千七百八十一，口五萬六千五百二十六。 天寶領戶一萬七千五百，口七萬一千一十八。 至京師水陸路四千七百六十里，至東都水陸路四千四十里。 東至道州五百里，西至容州四百九十三里，南至昭州二百一十里，北至邵州六百八十五里，東南至賀州五百三十里，西南至柳州八百里，東北至永州五百五十里。
Tongling: former Han Linyun county territory in Hepu Commandery. Song created Longtan County. The Sui renamed it Tongling for the Tong Mountains within its borders. Fifteen Gui Circuit prefectures lay west of Guangzhou. Gui Prefecture, lower grade: a protectorate seat; formerly the Sui Shi'an commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, the Guizhou general protectorate was set up, overseeing Gui, Xiang, Jing, Rong, He, Yue, Li, Nankun, and Long — nine prefectures — plus one Dingzhou general protectorate. Gui Prefecture then governed Shi'an, Fulu, Chunhua, Xing'an, Linyuan, Yongfu, Yangshuo, Guiyi, Xuanfeng, and Xiang — ten counties. Ding Prefecture was soon renamed South Yin Prefecture. That year the Qinzhou general protectorate was also set up under the Gui headquarters. In year 5 South Gong, Yan, and Wu prefectures were created under the Gui headquarters. In year 9 Yan Prefecture was created under the Gui headquarters. In Zhenguan 1 Qin, Yu, and Nanting prefectures were assigned to the Gui headquarters. In year 2 Yu and Nanting prefectures were abolished. In year 5 Bin Prefecture was created under the Gui headquarters. In year 6 Yin, Teng, Yue, Bai, Xiang, Xiu, Yu, Jiang, Nandang, Nanfang, Nanjian, and Nanjin — twelve prefectures — were also assigned to the Gui headquarters. That year the Gongzhou protectorate was also set up under the Gui headquarters. Long and Yu prefectures were abolished the same year. In year 8 Yue became Lian, Nanjian Heng, Nanfang Cheng, Nandang Pan, Nanjin Yong, Yin Gui, Jing Fu, Yue Zhao, Nankun Liu, and Tong Rong. Fulu and Guiyi counties were abolished. In year 10 Jiang Prefecture was abolished. In year 12 Yan Prefecture was abolished and Jianling County transferred here. Li Prefecture was abolished and Lipu and Chongren counties transferred here. Xuanfeng County was eliminated. It now oversees Gui, Zhao, He, Fu, Wu, Teng, Rong, Pan, Bai, Lian, Xiu, Qin, Heng, Yong, Rong, Liu, and Gui — seventeen prefectures. In Tianbao 1 it became Shi'an Commandery, keeping the protectorate. In Zhide 2, ninth month, it became Jianling Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Gui Prefecture; the prefect doubled as frontier-defense commissioner, commanding one thousand garrison troops supplied by local circuit taxes. Formerly ten counties; 32,781 households and 56,526 persons. At Tianbao 17,500 households and 71,018 persons. 4,760 li from the capital by land and water; 4,040 li from Luoyang by land and water. 500 li east to Dao; 493 li west to Rong; 210 li south to Zhao; 685 li north to Shao; 530 li southeast to He; 800 li southwest to Liu; 550 li northeast to Yong.
300
州所治。 漢始安縣地，屬零陵郡。 吳分置始安郡，宋改為始建國，南齊始安郡，梁置桂州。 隋末，復為始安郡。 江源多桂，不生雜木，故秦時立為桂林郡也
Lingui served as the prefectural seat. Former Han Shi'an county territory in Lingling Commandery. Wu carved out Shi'an Commandery; Song made it the Shijian principality; Southern Qi restored Shi'an Commandery; Liang established Gui Prefecture. At the Sui dynasty's end it again became Shi'an Commandery. Cassia lined the river sources and no other trees grew — hence Qin established Guilin Commandery here.
301
漢始安縣。 隋分置興安，近改為理定
Liding: formerly Han Shi'an County. The Sui split off Xing'an; recently renamed Liding.
302
，分始安置
In Wude 4 it was carved out of Shi'an.
303
隋舊。 ，廢歸義縣併入
Yangshuo: established under the Sui. In Zhenguan 1 Guiyi County was abolished and absorbed.
304
漢縣，屬蒼梧郡。 ，置荔浦、建陵、隋化、崇仁、純義。 五年，以隋化屬南恭州。 ，以建陵屬晏州。 十三年，廢荔州，以荔浦、崇仁屬桂州，純義屬蒙州也
Lipu: formerly a Han county in Cangwu Commandery. In Wude 4 Lipu, Jianling, Suihua, Chongren, and Chunyi were created. In year 5 Suihua went to South Gong Prefecture. In Zhenguan 1 Jianling was transferred to Yan Prefecture. In year 13 Li Prefecture was abolished; Lipu and Chongren went to Gui and Chunyi to Meng.
305
舊永豐縣。 元和初，改為豐水縣
Fengshui: formerly Yongfeng County. At the opening of Yuanhe it became Fengshui County.
306
隋置建陵縣。 ，于縣置晏州，領武龍、建陵二縣。 十二年，廢晏州及武龍縣，以建陵屬桂州。 ，改為修仁縣
Xiuren: the Sui created Jianling County. In Zhenguan 1 Yan Prefecture was set up at the county, governing Wulong and Jianling — two counties. In year 12 Yan Prefecture and Wulong County were abolished and Jianling went to Gui. In Changqing 1 it was renamed Xiuren County.
307
，分始安置純化縣。 元和初，改為恭化也
In Wude 4 Chunhua County was carved out of Shi'an. At the opening of Yuanhe it became Gonghua.
308
，分始安置
In Wude 4 it was carved out of Shi'an.
309
，分始安置
In Wude 4 it was carved out of Shi'an.
310
新置。 昭州隋始安郡之平樂縣。 ，平蕭銑，置樂州，領平樂、永豐、恭城、沙亭四縣，，省沙亭縣。 八年，改為昭州，以昭岡潭為名。 ，改為平樂郡。 ，復為昭州也。 舊領縣三，戶四千九百一十八，口一萬二千六百九十一。 天寶，戶三千五百。 至京師四千四百三十六里，至東都四千二百一十九里。 西至桂州二百二十里，東北至道州四百里，北至永州六百三十九里，南至富州一百六十六里也。
Quanyi: newly created. Zhao Prefecture: formerly Pingyue County in the Sui Shi'an commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Yue Prefecture was created with Pingyue, Yongfeng, Gongcheng, and Shating — four counties; in Zhenguan 7 Shating was abolished. In year 8 it became Zhao Prefecture, named for Zhaogang Pool. In Tianbao 1 it became Pingyue Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Zhao Prefecture. Formerly three counties; 4,918 households and 12,691 persons. At Tianbao 3,500 households. 4,436 li from the capital; 4,219 li from Luoyang. 220 li west to Gui; 400 li northeast to Dao; 639 li north to Yong; 166 li south to Fu.
311
州所治。 漢荔浦地，屬蒼梧郡。 晉置平樂縣。 ，省沙亭併入也。
Pingyue served as the prefectural seat. Former Han Lipu territory in Cangwu Commandery. Jin created Pingyue County. In Zhenguan 7 Shating was abolished and absorbed.
312
，析平樂置。
In Wude 4 it was carved out of Pingyue.
313
隋縣，舊屬藤州。 富州下，隋始安郡之龍平縣。 ，平蕭銑，置靜州，領龍平、博勞、歸化、安樂、開江、豪靜、蒼梧七縣。 尋又分蒼梧、豪靜、開江三縣置梧州。 九年，省安樂縣。 ，改為富州，以富川水為名。 ，改為開江郡。 ，復為富州。 舊領縣三，戶三千三百四十九，口四千三百一十九。 天寶，戶一千二百九十。 至京師五千一百三十里，至東都四千八百五十里。 西北至桂州界八十里，東南至梧州界九十里，北至昭州一百六十六里。
Yongping: a Sui county formerly under Teng Prefecture. Fu Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Longping County in the Sui Shi'an commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Jing Prefecture was created with Longping, Bolao, Guihua, Anle, Kaijiang, Haojing, and Cangwu — seven counties. Soon Cangwu, Haojing, and Kaijiang were carved out to create Wu Prefecture. In year 9 Anle County was abolished. In Zhenguan 8 it became Fu Prefecture, named for the Fuchuan River. In Tianbao 1 it became Kaijiang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Fu Prefecture. Formerly three counties; 3,349 households and 4,319 persons. At Tianbao 1,290 households. 5,130 li from the capital; 4,850 li from Luoyang. 80 li northwest to the Gui border; 90 li southeast to the Wu border; 166 li north to Zhao.
314
漢臨賀縣地，屬蒼梧郡。 吳置臨賀郡，梁分臨賀置南靜郡，又改為靜州，改南靜郡為龍平縣。 ，改為富州，以富川水為名也
Longping: former Han Linhe county territory in Cangwu Commandery. Wu created Linhe Commandery; Liang split Linhe to create Nanjing Commandery, then made it Jing Prefecture and Nanjing Commandery Longping County. In Zhenguan 8 it became Fu Prefecture, named for the Fuchuan River.
315
新置
Siqin: newly created.
316
隋開江縣。 ，改為馬江。 皆漢臨賀縣地。 梧州下，隋蒼梧郡。 ，平蕭銑，置梧州，領蒼梧、豪靜、開江三縣。 ，割藤州之孟陵、賀州之綏越來屬。 十三年，廢豪靜縣。 ，改為蒼梧郡。 ，復為梧州也。 舊領縣四，戶三千八十四，口五千四百二十三。 天寶領縣三，戶五千。 至京師五千五百里，至東都五千一百里。 東至封州八十里，東北至賀州四百一十里，北接富州界，正西至藤州一百九十里。
Majiang: formerly Sui Kaijiang County. In Changqing 1 it was renamed Majiang. All were formerly Han Linhe county territory. Wu Prefecture, lower grade: formerly the Sui Cangwu commandery. In Wude 4, after Xiao Xian was suppressed, Wu Prefecture was created with Cangwu, Haojing, and Kaijiang — three counties. In Zhenguan 8 Mengling from Teng and Suiyue from He were transferred here. In year 13 Haojing County was abolished. In Tianbao 1 it became Cangwu Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Wu Prefecture. Formerly four counties; 3,084 households and 5,423 persons. At Tianbao three counties; 5,000 households. 5,500 li from the capital; 5,100 li from Luoyang. 80 li east to Feng; 410 li northeast to He; borders Fu to the north; 190 li west to Teng.
317
漢蒼梧郡，治廣信縣，即今治。 隋立蒼梧縣，於此置郡
Cangwu: the Han Cangwu Commandery, seat at Guangxin — today's prefectural seat. The Sui created Cangwu County and established the commandery here.
318
隋縣舊屬藤州，今來屬
Rongcheng: a Sui county formerly under Teng; now transferred here.
319
漢猛陵縣，屬蒼梧郡。 蒙州隋始安郡之隋化縣。 ，置南恭州。 割荔州之立山、東區、純義三縣分置嶺政縣。 ，改為蒙州，取州東蒙山為名。 十二年，省嶺政入立山。 ，改為蒙山郡。 ，復為蒙州。 舊領縣三，戶一千六十九。 天寶，戶一千五十九。 至京師五千一百里，至東都四千七百里。 南至桂州二百四十九里，東至富州九十七里，西南至象州一百七十六里。
Mengling: formerly Han Mengling County in Cangwu Commandery. Meng Prefecture: formerly Suihua County in the Sui Shi'an commandery. In Wude 4 South Gong Prefecture was created. Lishan, Dongqu, and Chunyi — three Li Prefecture counties — were split off to create Lingzheng County. In Zhenguan 8 it became Meng Prefecture, named for Meng Mountain to the east. In year 12 Lingzheng was abolished and absorbed into Lishan. In Tianbao 1 it became Mengshan Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Meng Prefecture. Formerly three counties; 1,069 households. At Tianbao 1,159 households. 5,100 li from the capital; 4,700 li from Luoyang. 249 li south to Gui; 97 li east to Fu; 176 li southwest to Xiang.
320
州所治。 漢荔浦縣，屬蒼梧郡。 隋分荔浦置隋化縣。 ，改為立山，於縣置荔州，尋改為恭州。 ，改為蒙州。 州東蒙山，山下有蒙水，居人多姓蒙故也
Lishan served as the prefectural seat. Formerly Han Lipu County in Cangwu Commandery. The Sui carved Suihua County out of Lipu. In Wude 4 it became Lishan; Li Prefecture was set up at the county, soon renamed Gong Prefecture. In Zhenguan 8 it became Meng Prefecture. Meng Mountain lies east of the seat, with Meng Stream at its foot; many locals bear the surname Meng.
321
，分立山置，屬荔州。 ，屬燕州。 十年，改為蒙州
Dongqu: in Wude 5 carved out of Lishan under Li Prefecture. In Zhenguan 6 it belonged to Yan Prefecture. In year 10 it was transferred to Meng Prefecture.
322
，置純義縣，屬荔州。 乾元初改為正義也。 龔州下，隋永平郡之武林縣。 ，置燕州。 七年，移燕州於今州東。 仍于燕州之舊所置龔州都督府，督龔、潯、蒙、賓、澄、燕七州。 割藤州之武林、燕州之泰川來屬。 又立平南、西平、歸政、大同四縣。 十二年，廢潯州，以桂平、陵江、大賓、皇化四縣來屬。 其年，省泰川入平南，省陵江入桂平，省歸政入西平。 又割藤州之隋建來屬。 ，改為臨江郡。 ，復為龔州。 舊領縣八，戶一萬三千八百二十一，口一萬一千一百二十八。 天寶領縣六，戶九千，口二萬一千。 至京師五千七百二十里，至東都五千三百六十一里。 東至藤州一百四十九里，南至繡州九十五里，西至潯州一百三十里，北至蒙州二百四十里。
In Zhenguan 5 Chunyi County was created under Li Prefecture. At the opening of Qianyuan it became Zhengyi. Gong Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Wulin County in the Sui Yongping commandery. In Zhenguan 3 Yan Prefecture was created. In year 7 Yan Prefecture moved east of the present seat. At Yan's former site the Gongzhou protectorate was set up, overseeing Gong, Xun, Meng, Bin, Cheng, and Yan — seven prefectures. Wulin from Teng and Taichuan from Yan were transferred here. Pingnan, Xiping, Guizheng, and Datong — four counties — were also created. In year 12 Xun Prefecture was abolished and Guiping, Lingjiang, Dabin, and Huanghua transferred here. That year Taichuan merged into Pingnan, Lingjiang into Guiping, and Guizheng into Xiping. Suijian from Teng was also transferred here. In Tianbao 1 it became Linjiang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Gong Prefecture. Formerly eight counties; 13,821 households and 11,128 persons. At Tianbao six counties; 9,000 households and 21,000 persons. 5,720 li from the capital; 5,361 li from Luoyang. 149 li east to Teng; 95 li south to Xiu; 130 li west to Xun; 240 li north to Meng.
323
州所治。 漢猛陵縣地，屬蒼梧郡。 晉分蒼梧置永平郡，仍置武林縣。 ，分置平南縣。 後自武林移龔州治於此也
Pingnan served as the prefectural seat. Former Han Mengling county territory in Cangwu Commandery. Jin carved Yongping Commandery out of Cangwu and still established Wulin County. In Zhenguan 7 Pingnan County was carved out. Later Gong Prefecture relocated its seat here from Wulin.
324
猛陵縣地。 隋分置武林縣，屬藤州。 ，屬龔州
Wulin: Mengling county territory. The Sui carved out Wulin County under Teng Prefecture. In Zhenguan 7 it belonged to Gong Prefecture.
325
猛陵縣地。 武德年，屬藤州。 貞觀年，屬龔州也
Suijian: Mengling county territory. During Wude it was under Teng Prefecture. During Zhenguan it was transferred to Gong Prefecture.
326
分置
Carved out in Zhenguan 1.
327
本陽建縣，後改為陽川也。 潯州下，隋郁林郡之桂平縣。 ，置潯州，領桂平、陵江、大賓、皇化四縣。 十二年，廢潯州，以四縣屬龔州。 後復置潯州，以桂平、大賓、皇化來屬，又省陵江入桂平。 ，改為潯江郡。 ，復為潯州也。 舊領縣三，戶二千五百，口六千八百三十六。 至京師五千九百六十里，至東都五千七百里。 東至龔州一百三十里，西至潘州二百五十里，西南至貴州一百五十里，西北至蒙州三百六十里。 西南接郁林州界。
Yangchuan: originally Yangjian County; later renamed Yangchuan. Xun Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Guiping County in the Sui Yulin commandery. In Zhenguan 7 Xun Prefecture was created with Guiping, Lingjiang, Dabin, and Huanghua — four counties. In year 12 Xun Prefecture was abolished and the four counties went to Gong. Later Xun was restored; Guiping, Dabin, and Huanghua returned, and Lingjiang was abolished into Guiping. In Tianbao 1 it became Xunjiang Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Xun Prefecture. Formerly three counties; 2,500 households and 6,836 persons. 5,960 li from the capital; 5,700 li from Luoyang. 130 li east to Gong; 250 li west to Pan; 150 li southwest to Gui; 360 li northwest to Meng. It borders Yulin Prefecture to the southwest.
328
漢布山縣，郁林郡所治也。 隋為桂平縣。 武德年，屬貴州。 貞觀初，屬燕州。 七年，屬潯州。 十二年，州廢，屬龔州。 復置潯州
Guiping: formerly Han Bushan County, seat of Yulin Commandery. Under the Sui it became Guiping County. During Wude it was under Gui Prefecture. At the opening of Zhenguan it was assigned to Yan Prefecture. In year 7 it belonged to Xun Prefecture. In year 12 the prefecture was abolished and it went to Gong Prefecture. Xun Prefecture was re-established.
329
漢阿林縣，屬郁林郡。 隋置皇化縣，後廢。 ，復置，屬潯州。 州廢，屬龔州。 又復屬潯州。 郁林州下，隋郁林郡之石南縣。 貞觀中置郁林州，領石南、興德。 ，改為郁林郡。 ，復為郁林州也。 領縣五，戶一千九百一十八，口九千六百九十九。 至京師五千五百七里，至東都五千一百六十里。 東至平琴州九十里，南至牢州一百二里，西南至昭州一百一十里，北至貴州一百五十里。
Huanghua: formerly Han Alin County in Yulin Commandery. The Sui created Huanghua County; later abolished. In Zhenguan 6 it was restored under Xun Prefecture. When the prefecture was abolished it went to Gong Prefecture. It was again placed under Xun Prefecture. Yulin Prefecture, lower grade: formerly Shinan County in the Sui Yulin commandery. In the Zhenguan period Yulin Prefecture was created with Shinan and Xingde. In Tianbao 1 it became Yulin Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yulin Prefecture. Five counties; 1,918 households and 9,699 persons. 5,557 li from the capital; 5,160 li from Luoyang. 90 li east to Pingqin; 102 li south to Lao; 110 li southwest to Zhao; 150 li north to Gui.
330
州所治。 漢郁林郡之地。 梁置定州，隋改尹州，煬帝為郁林郡，皆治於此。 陳時置石南郡，隋改為縣也
Shinan served as the prefectural seat. Former Han Yulin Commandery territory. Liang created Ding Prefecture; the Sui renamed it Yin Prefecture; Emperor Yang made it Yulin Commandery — all seated here. Chen created Shinan Commandery; the Sui made it a county.
331
隋縣，屬貴州，後來屬
Yulin: a Sui county formerly under Gui Prefecture; later transferred here.
332
興德，分郁林置平琴州下，漢郁林郡地。 唐置平琴州，無年月。 領縣四。 ，改為平琴郡。 ，復為州。 建中並入黨州。 今存。 領縣四，戶一千一百七十四。 至京師六千四百八十里，至東都五千八百三十里。 西至郁林州九十里，東南至牢州一百一十里，北至貴州一百五十里，北至繡州九十二里，東至黨州二十二里。
Xingde was carved out of Yulin in Wude 4. Pingqin Prefecture, lower grade: former Han Yulin Commandery territory. Tang established Pingqin Prefecture; the date is unrecorded. Four counties. In Tianbao 1 it became Pingqin Commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to prefectural status. In the Jianzhong era it was absorbed into Dang Prefecture. It survives to the present. Four counties; 1,174 households. 6,480 li from the capital; 5,830 li from Luoyang. 90 li west to Yulin; 110 li southeast to Lao; 150 li north to Gui; 92 li north to Xiu; 22 li east to Dang.
333
州所治。 本名安仁，至德年改也
Seat of the prefecture: Rongshan. Formerly Anren; renamed under Zhide.
334
、、三縣與州同置。 賓州下，隋郁林郡之嶺方縣。 ，析南方州之嶺方、思幹、琅邪、南尹州之安城置賓州。 十二年省思幹縣。 ，改為安城郡。 九月，改為嶺方郡。 ，復為賓州。 舊領縣三，戶七千四百八十五。 天寶，戶一千九百七十六，口八千五百八十。 至京師四千三百里，至東都四千一百里。 南至淳州二百里，東南至貴州一百七十里，西至邕州二百五十七里，東南至蒙州三百二十里，西北至澄州一百二十里也。
Huaiyi, Fuyang, and Gufu were all founded when the prefecture was set up. Bin Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Yulin commandery county of Lingfang. Zhenguan 5: carved out of Southern Prefecture (Lingfang, Sigan, Langya) and Southern Yin (Ancheng) to form Bin Prefecture. Sigan County was dropped in year 12. Renamed Ancheng commandery in Tianbao 1. In Zhide 2, ninth month, it became Lingfang commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Bin Prefecture. Previously three counties and 7,485 households. Tianbao figures: 1,976 households, 8,580 people. 4,300 li from the capital; 4,100 li from Luoyang. 200 li south to Chun; 170 li southeast to Gui; 257 li west to Yong; 320 li southeast to Meng; 120 li northwest to Cheng.
335
漢縣，屬郁林郡。 ，屬南方州。 ，改為賓州
Lingfang: a Han county under Yulin commandery. Wude 4: placed under Southern Prefecture. Zhenguan 5: made part of Bin Prefecture.
336
，析嶺方縣置
Wude 4: split off from Lingfang County.
337
梁置安城縣。 ，改為保城也。 澄州下，隋郁林郡之嶺方縣地。 ，平蕭銑，置南方州，領無虞、琅邪、思幹、上林、止戈、賀水、嶺方七縣。 ，以上林、止戈、琅邪、嶺方屬賓州。 八年，改南方州為澄州。 ，改為賀水郡。 ，復為澄州。 舊領縣四，戶一萬八百六十八。 天寶後，戶一千三百六十八，口八千五百八十。 至京師四千六百里，至東都四千三百里。 南至邕州三百里，北至竇州四百三十里，東南至賓州一百二十里，西至古州五百七十九里。
The Liang created Ancheng County. Renamed Baocheng in Zhide 2. Cheng Prefecture (lower grade): Sui Yulin commandery, Lingfang county territory. Wude 4, after pacifying Xiao Xian: Southern Prefecture set up with Wuyu, Langya, Sigan, Shanglin, Zhige, Heshui, and Lingfang. Zhenguan 5: Shanglin, Zhige, Langya, and Lingfang transferred to Bin. Year 8: Southern Prefecture renamed Cheng Prefecture. Tianbao 1: renamed Heshui commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Cheng Prefecture. Previously four counties and 10,868 households. Post-Tianbao: 1,368 households, 8,580 people. 4,600 li from the capital; 4,300 li from Luoyang. 300 li south to Yong; 430 li north to Dou; 120 li southeast to Bin; 579 li west to Gu.
338
州所治。 漢嶺方縣地。 ，析置上林縣也
Seat of the prefecture: Shanglin. On the site of Han Lingfang County. Wude 4: Shanglin County carved out.
339
，析嶺方置
Wude 4: split off from Lingfang.
340
，析柳州馬平縣置。 繡州下，隋郁林郡之阿林縣。 ，置林州，領常林、阿林、皇化、歸誠、羅繡、盧越等縣。 六年，改為繡州。 ，省歸誠、盧越。 七年，以皇化屬潯州。 ，改為常林郡。 ，復為繡州，領縣三，戶九千七百七十三。 至京師六千九十里，至東都五千五百里。 南至黨州五十里，北至貴州一百里也。
Wude 4: carved out of Liuzhou's Maping County. Xiu Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Yulin commandery county of Alin. Wude 4: Lin Prefecture established with Changlin, Alin, Huanghua, Guicheng, Luoxiu, and Luyue. Year 6: renamed Xiu Prefecture. Zhenguan 6: Guicheng and Luyue counties dropped. Year 7: Huanghua transferred to Xun Prefecture. Tianbao 1: renamed Changlin commandery. Under Qianyuan it became Xiu Prefecture again, with three counties and 9,773 households. 6,090 li from the capital; 5,500 li from Luoyang. 50 li south to Dang; 100 li north to Gui.
341
漢阿林縣地，屬郁林郡。 ，析貴州之郁平縣，置林州及常林縣。 ，省歸誠縣入常林縣，移治廢歸誠縣故城。 又改林州為繡州
Changlin: Han Alin county lands under Yulin commandery. Wude 4: Lin Prefecture and Changlin County carved out of Gui Prefecture's Yuping. Zhenguan 6: Guicheng abolished and merged into Changlin; seat moved to the old Guicheng city. Lin Prefecture was likewise renamed Xiu Prefecture.
342
漢縣，屬郁林郡
Alin: a Han county under Yulin commandery.
343
，析阿林置。 象州下，隋始安郡之桂林縣。 ，平蕭銑，置象州，領陽壽、西寧、桂林、武仙、武德五縣。 ，省西寧縣，割廢晏州武化、長風來屬。 ，改為象山郡。 ，復為象州。 舊領縣六，戶一萬一千八百四十五，口一萬二千五百二十一。 天寶領縣三，戶五千五百，口一萬八百九十。 至京師四千九百八十九里。 北至桂州四百里，東至象州一百七十六里，南至費州三百里，西北至柳州二百里，東南至潯州三百六十里，西南至嚴州二百九十里也。
Wude 4: split off from Alin. Xiang Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Shian commandery county of Guilin. Wude 4, after pacifying Xiao Xian: Xiang Prefecture set up with Yangshou, Xining, Guilin, Wuxian, and Wude. Zhenguan 12: Xining abolished; Wuhua and Changfeng from defunct Yan Prefecture annexed. Tianbao 1: renamed Xiangshan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Xiang Prefecture. Previously six counties; 11,845 households and 12,521 people. Tianbao: three counties, 5,500 households, 10,890 people. 4,989 li from the capital. 400 li north to Gui; 176 li east to Xiang; 300 li south to Fei; 200 li northwest to Liuzhou; 360 li southeast to Xun; 290 li southwest to Yan.
344
州所治。 漢潭中縣地，屬郁林郡。 隋建陵縣，屬桂州。 ，析建陵置武化縣，屬晏州。 ，廢晏州來屬，仍自武德縣移象州於縣置。 非秦之象郡，秦象郡今合浦縣
Seat of the prefecture: Wuhua. On Han Tanzhong county lands under Yulin commandery. Sui: Jianling County under Gui Prefecture. Wude 4: Wuhua carved out of Jianling and placed under Yan Prefecture. Zhenguan 12: after Yan Prefecture was abolished it was annexed here, and Xiang Prefecture was relocated from Wude County to this seat. Not the Qin Xiang commandery — that commandery corresponds to present-day Hepu County.
345
漢中留縣地，屬郁林郡。 吳于縣置郁林郡，仍分中留置桂林縣。 ，改為武德，於縣界置象州
Wude: Han Zhongliu county lands under Yulin commandery. Wu placed Yulin commandery at the county and split off Zhongliu to create Guilin County. Wude 4: renamed Wude, and Xiang Prefecture was set up on the county boundary.
346
隋縣。 武仙，析桂林置。 柳州隋始安郡之馬平縣。 ，平蕭銑，置昆州，領馬平、新平、文安、賀水、歸德五縣。 其年，改歸德為修德，改文安為樂沙，仍加昆州為南昆州。 八年，以賀水屬澄州。 ，省樂沙入新平縣，以廢龍州之龍城來屬。 八年，改南昆為柳州。 九年，置崖山縣。 十二年，省新平入馬平。 ，改為龍城郡。 ，復為柳州，以州界柳嶺為名。 舊領縣四，戶六千六百七十四，口七千六百三十七。 天寶領縣五，戶二千二百三十二，口一萬一千五百五十。 至京師水陸相乘五千四百七十里，至東都水陸相乘五千六百里。 東至桂州四百七里，至粵州二百九十里，北至融州二十里，東南至象州二百里，北至柳州三十里。
Yangshou: a Sui county. Wuxian: carved out of Guilin in Wude 4. Liuzhou: the Sui Shian commandery county of Maping. Wude 4, after pacifying Xiao Xian: Kun Prefecture set up with Maping, Xinping, Wen'an, Heshui, and Guide. Same year: Guide became Xiude, Wen'an became Leshan, and Kun was styled Southern Kun Prefecture. Year 8: Heshui transferred to Cheng Prefecture. Zhenguan 7: Leshan merged into Xinping; Longcheng from abolished Long Prefecture annexed. Year 8: Southern Kun renamed Liuzhou. Year 9: Yashan County established. Year 12: Xinping merged into Maping. Tianbao 1: renamed Longcheng commandery. Under Qianyuan it became Liuzhou again, named for the Liuling ridge in its territory. Previously four counties; 6,674 households and 7,637 people. Tianbao: five counties, 2,232 households, 11,550 people. 5,470 li to the capital and 5,600 li to Luoyang by land and water combined. 407 li east to Gui; 290 li to Yue; 20 li north to Rong; 200 li southeast to Xiang; 30 li north to Liuzhou.
347
州所治。 漢潭中縣地，屬郁林郡。 隋置馬平縣。 ，於縣置昆州，又改為柳州也
Seat of the prefecture: Maping. On Han Tanzhong county lands under Yulin commandery. The Sui created Maping County. Wude 4: Kun Prefecture placed at the county; later renamed Liuzhou.
348
隋縣。 ，置龍州，領龍城、柳嶺二縣。 ，廢龍州，省柳嶺縣
Xiude: a Sui county. Wude 4: Long Prefecture set up with Longcheng and Liuling. Zhenguan 8: Long Prefecture abolished and Liuling County dropped.
349
觀中置
Created in the Zhenguan period.
350
舊洛封縣，改
Previously Luofeng County; later renamed.
351
皆漢潭中地。 貞觀後析置。 融州下，隋始安郡之義熙縣。 ，平蕭銑，置融州，復開皇舊名，領義熙、臨牂黃水、安修四縣。 六年，改義熙為融水。 ，省安修入臨牂。 ，改為融水郡。 ，復為融州。 舊領縣三，戶二千七百九十四，口三千三百三十五。 天寶，戶一千二百三十二。 至京師五千二百七十里，至東都四千四百七十里。 東至桂州四百九十一里，南至柳州三十里，至武零山二百里也。
All on Han Tanzhong lands. Carved out after the Zhenguan era. Rong Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Shian commandery county of Yixi. Wude 4, after pacifying Xiao Xian: Rong Prefecture restored under its Kaihuang name, with Yixi, Linqiang, Huangshui, and Anxiu. Year 6: Yixi renamed Rongshui. Zhenguan 7: Anxiu merged into Linqiang. Tianbao 1: renamed Rongshui commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Rong Prefecture. Previously three counties; 2,794 households and 3,335 people. Tianbao: 1,232 households. 5,270 li from the capital; 4,470 li from Luoyang. 491 li east to Gui; 30 li south to Liuzhou; 200 li to Wuling Mountain.
352
漢潭中地，與柳州同。 隋置義熙縣。 ，改為融水，州所治也
Rongshui: Han Tanzhong lands, same as Liuzhou. The Sui created Yixi County. Zhenguan 6: renamed Rongshui, the prefectural seat.
353
舊黃水、臨牂二縣。 析融水置。 後併入，改為武陽。 邕管十州在桂府西南。 邕州下，都督府隋郁林郡之宣化縣。 ，置南晉州，領宣化一縣。 ，改為邕州都督府。 改為朗寧郡。 復為邕州。 上元後，置經略使，領邕、貴、黨、橫等州。 後又罷。 六月，復置經略使，以刺史領之。 刺史充經略使，管戍兵一千七百人，衣糧稅本管自給。 舊領縣五，戶八千二百二十五。 天寶後，戶二千八百九十三，口七千三百二。 至京師五千六百里，至東都五千三百二十七里。 東南至欽州三百五十里，東北至賓州二百五十里，西南至羈縻左州五百里。
Wuyang: formerly Huangshui and Linqiang counties. Carved out of Rongshui in the Zhenguan period. Later annexed and renamed Wuyang. Yong Circuit's ten prefectures are southwest of the Gui headquarters. Yong Prefecture (lower grade, protectorate): the Sui Yulin commandery county of Xuanhua. Wude 4: Southern Jin Prefecture set up with Xuanhua alone. Wude 5: renamed the Yong Prefecture Protectorate. Tianbao 1: renamed Langning commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yong Prefecture. After Shangyuan a pacification commissioner was placed over Yong, Gui, Dang, and Heng. Later abolished once more. Kaiyuan 21, sixth month: the pacification commissioner restored, led by the prefect. The prefect doubled as pacification commissioner over 1,700 garrison troops, funded locally. Previously five counties and 8,225 households. Post-Tianbao: 2,893 households, 7,302 people. 5,600 li from the capital; 5,327 li from Luoyang. 350 li southeast to Qin; 250 li northeast to Bin; 500 li southwest to tributary Zuo Prefecture.
354
州所治。 漢嶺方縣地。 屬郁林郡。 秦為桂林郡地。 驩水在縣北，本牂柯河，俗呼郁林江，即駱越水也，亦名溫水。 古駱越地也
Seat of the prefecture: Xuanhua. On Han Lingfang county lands. Under Yulin commandery. Qin-era Guilin commandery territory. North of the county is Huan River, formerly the Zangke, popularly the Yulin River — the Luoyue River — also called Wen River. Land of the ancient Luoyue.
355
隋廢縣。 復置也
Wuming: abolished under the Sui. Re-established in the Wude era.
356
晉于此置晉興郡，隋廢為縣
Jinxing: Jin placed Jinxing commandery here; Sui reduced it to a county.
357
分置
Carved out by division.
358
如和封陵三縣，開磎洞漸置也。 貴州下，隋郁林郡。 ，平蕭銑，置南尹州總管府，管南尹、南晉、南簡、南方、白、藤、南容、越、繡九州。 南尹州領郁林、馬嶺、安城、郁平、石南、桂平、嶺山、興德、潮水、懷澤十一縣。 五年，以桂平屬燕州，嶺山屬南橫州。 ，以安城屬賓州。 七年，罷都督府，九年，改南尹為貴州。 ，改為懷澤郡。 ，復為貴州也。 舊領縣八，戶二萬八千九百三十，口三萬一千九百九十六。 天寶後，領縣四，戶三千二十六，口九千三百。 至京師五千三百八十里，至東都五千一百二十里。 東至繡州一百里，南至郁林州一百五十里，西至橫州二百里，北至象州三百里，西南至賓州九十四里，東北至潯州一百五十里。
Ruhe, Fengling, and Wuyuan: three counties gradually opened along mountain routes. Gui Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Yulin commandery. Wude 4, after pacifying Xiao Xian: Southern Yin headquarters set up over nine prefectures. Southern Yin Prefecture had eleven counties: Yulin, Maling, Ancheng, Yuping, Shinan, Guiping, Lingshan, Xingde, Chaoshui, and Huaize. Year 5: Guiping to Yan Prefecture; Lingshan to Southern Heng. Zhenguan 5: Ancheng transferred to Bin Prefecture. Year 7: headquarters abolished; year 9: Southern Yin renamed Gui Prefecture. Tianbao 1: renamed Huaize commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Gui Prefecture. Previously eight counties; 28,930 households and 31,996 people. Post-Tianbao: four counties, 3,026 households, 9,300 people. 5,380 li from the capital; 5,120 li from Luoyang. 100 li east to Xiu; 150 li south to Yulin; 200 li west to Heng; 300 li north to Xiang; 94 li southwest to Bin; 150 li northeast to Xun.
359
漢廣鬱縣地，屬郁林郡。 古西甌、駱越所居。 後漢谷永為郁林太守，降烏滸人十萬，開七縣，即此也。 烏滸之俗：男女同川而浴； 生首子食之，云宜弟； 娶妻美讓兄； 相習以鼻飲。 秦平天下，始招慰之，置桂林郡。 漢改為郁林郡。 地在廣州西南安南府之地，邕州所管郡縣是也。 隋分郁平縣。
Yulin: Han Guangyu county lands under Yulin commandery. Homeland of the ancient Xiou and Luoyue. Later Han: as Yulin prefect Gu Yong subdued 100,000 Wuhu and opened seven counties here. Wuhu custom: men and women bathe together in the same river; they eat firstborn children, saying it favors younger brothers; when marrying, the prettier bride goes to the elder brother; they are accustomed to drinking through the nose. After Qin unified the realm it pacified them and set up Guilin commandery. Han renamed it Yulin commandery. The region lies southwest of Guangzhou in Annan territory — the commanderies and counties under Yong Prefecture. Maling: split from Yuping County under the Sui.
360
，在州東也
It lies east of the prefectural seat.
361
宋廢縣。 又置
Huaize: abolished under Song. Re-established in the Wude era.
362
分郁林置
Chaoshui: carved out of Yulin.
363
新置。 党州下，古西甌所居。 秦置桂林郡，漢為郁林郡。 唐置黨州，失起置年月。 與平琴州同土俗。 西至平琴治所二十二里。 ，以党州為寧仁郡。 ，復為黨州。 二月，廢平琴州併入。 領縣四，戶一千三百，口七千四百。 至京師地理，與平琴州同。 南至牢州一百里，北至繡州五十里，東南至容州一百五十里，北接繡州界百餘里也。 橫州下，隋郁林郡之寧浦縣。 ，置簡州，領寧浦、樂山、蒙澤、淳風、嶺山五縣。 六年，改為南簡州。 ，改橫州。 ，改為寧浦郡。 ，復為橫州也。 舊領縣四，戶一千一百二十八，口一萬七百三十四。 天寶領縣三，戶一千九百七十八，口八千三百四十二。 至京師五千五百三十九里，至東都四千七百五里。 南至欽州三百五十里，西至巒州一百五十里，北至貴州一百六十里也。
Xingde: newly created. Dang Prefecture (lower grade): ancient Xiou territory. Qin set up Guilin commandery; Han made it Yulin commandery. Tang created Dang Prefecture; founding date unrecorded. Same local customs as Pingqin Prefecture. 22 li west to Pingqin's seat. Tianbao 1: Dang Prefecture became Ningren commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Dang Prefecture. Jianzhong 2, second month: Pingqin Prefecture abolished and merged in. Four counties; 1,300 households and 7,400 people. Capital distances match Pingqin Prefecture. 100 li south to Lao; 50 li north to Xiu; 150 li southeast to Rong; over 100 li north bordering Xiu. Heng Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Yulin commandery county of Ningpu. Wude 4: Jian Prefecture set up with Ningpu, Leshan, Mengze, Chunfeng, and Lingshan. Year 6: renamed Southern Jian Prefecture. Zhenguan 8: renamed Heng Prefecture. Tianbao 1: renamed Ningpu commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Heng Prefecture. Previously four counties; 1,128 households and 10,734 people. Tianbao: three counties, 1,978 households, 8,342 people. 5,539 li from the capital; 4,705 li from Luoyang. 350 li south to Qin; 150 li west to Luan; 160 li north to Gui.
364
州所治。 漢廣鬱縣地，屬郁林郡。 吳分置寧浦郡，晉、宋、齊不改。 梁分置簡陽郡。 隋平陳，郡並廢，置簡州，又改為緣州。 煬帝廢州，置寧浦縣，郁林郡。 武德復置，改為橫州。
Seat of the prefecture: Ningpu. Han Guangyu county lands under Yulin commandery. Wu carved out Ningpu commandery; Jin, Song, and Qi kept it. Liang further split off Jianyang commandery. After Sui pacified Chen the commanderies were abolished; Jian Prefecture was set up, then renamed Yuan. Emperor Yang abolished the prefecture and made Ningpu County under Yulin commandery. Restored in Wude and renamed Heng Prefecture.
365
漢高涼縣地，屬合浦郡。 ，分寧浦置淳風縣。 ，改為從化也
Conghua: Han Gaoliang county lands under Hepu commandery. Wude 4: Chunfeng carved out of Ningpu. Zhenguan 1: renamed Conghua.
366
漢高涼縣地，隋置樂山縣。 田州土地與邕州同，失廢置年月，疑是開元中置。 ，改為橫山郡。 復為田州。 舊領縣五，戶四千一百六十八。 舊圖無四至州郡及兩京道里數。
Leshan: Han Gaoliang county lands; the Sui created Leshan County. Tian Prefecture shared Yong's territory; its founding date is unknown, probably Kaiyuan. Tianbao 1: renamed Hengshan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Tian Prefecture. Previously five counties and 4,168 households. Old maps omit borders and capital distances.
367
、、、、，並與州同置也。 嚴州秦桂林郡地，後為獠所據。 ，招致生獠，置嚴州及三縣。 ，改為修德郡。 ，復為嚴州。 領縣三，戶一千八百五十九，口七千五十一。 至京師五千三百二十七里，至東都四千八百九十三里。 東北至柳州二百四十里，東南接象州界，西北接澄州界也。
Dujiu, Huijia, Wulong, Hengshan, and Rulai were all founded with the prefecture. Yan Prefecture: Qin Guilin commandery lands, later held by Liao. Qianfeng 1: raw Liao pacified and Yan Prefecture plus three counties established. Tianbao 1: renamed Xiude commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yan Prefecture. Three counties; 1,859 households and 7,051 people. 5,327 li from the capital; 4,893 li from Luoyang. 240 li northeast to Liuzhou; southeast bordering Xiang; northwest bordering Cheng.
368
州所治也。
Seat of the prefecture: Laibin.
369
歸化，與州同置。 山州失起置年月。 ，改為龍池郡。 ，復為山州。 領縣二，戶一千三百二十。 無四至及京洛里數。
Xunde and Guihua were founded with the prefecture. Shan Prefecture: founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Longchi commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Shan Prefecture. Two counties; 1,320 households. No border or Luoyang distances recorded.
370
州所治也巒州秦桂林郡。 唐置淳化，失起置年月。 ，改為永定縣。 ，復為淳州。 ，改為巒州也。 領縣三，戶七百七十，口三千八百三。 至京師五千三百里，至東都四千九百里。 南至橫州一百四十里，西至邕州三百里，北至賓州二百五十五里。
Longchi: the prefectural seat. Luan Prefecture: Qin Guilin commandery. Tang created Chun Prefecture; founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Yongding county. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Chun Prefecture. Yongzhen 1: renamed Luan Prefecture. Three counties; 770 households and 3,803 people. 5,300 li from the capital; 4,900 li from Luoyang. 140 li south to Heng; 300 li west to Yong; 255 li north to Bin.
371
州所治也
Seat of the prefecture: Yongding.
372
、，二縣與州同置。 羅州隋高涼郡之石龍縣地。 ，于縣置羅州，領石龍、吳川、陵羅、龍化、羅辯、南河、石城、招義、零綠、慈廉、羅肥十一縣。 六年，移羅州於石城縣，於舊所置南石州，割石龍、陵羅、龍化、羅辯、慈廉、羅肥屬南石州。 ，改羅州為招義郡。 ，復為羅州。 舊領縣五，戶五千四百六十，口八千四十一。 至京師六千五百二十二里，至東都五千七百五里。 東至大海一百三十九里，南至雷州二百五十里，西至廉州二百五十里，北至辯州一百五十里，西南至零綠縣大海一百二十里，西北至白州二百三十里，東北至新州五十里。
Wuluo and Lingzhu were both founded with the prefecture. Luo Prefecture: Sui Gaoliang commandery, Shilong county territory. Wude 5: Luo Prefecture set up at the county with eleven counties. Year 6: Luo moved to Shicheng; Southern Shi Prefecture placed at the old site with six counties transferred. Tianbao 1: Luo Prefecture renamed Zhaoyi commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Luo Prefecture. Previously five counties; 5,460 households and 8,041 people. 6,522 li from the capital; 5,705 li from Luoyang. 139 li east to the sea; 250 li south to Lei; 250 li west to Lian; 150 li north to Bian; 120 li southwest from Linglu to the sea; 230 li northwest to Bai; 50 li northeast to Xin.
373
州所治。 漢合浦郡地。 宋將檀道濟于陵羅江口築石城，因置羅州，屬高涼郡。 唐復置羅州於縣
Seat of the prefecture: Shicheng. Han Hepu commandery lands. Song general Tan Daoji built Shicheng at Lingluo River and established Luo Prefecture under Gaoliang commandery. Tang restored Luo Prefecture at this county.
374
隋縣
Wuchuan: a Sui county.
375
析石龍縣置也
Zhaoyi: carved out of Shilong in Wude 5.
376
析石龍縣置也。 潘州下，隋合浦郡之定川縣。 ，置南宕州，領南昌、定川、陸川、思城、溫水、宕川六縣，治南昌縣。 ，移治定川。 八年，改為潘州，仍廢思城縣。 ，改為南潘郡。 ，復為潘州也。 舊領縣五，戶一萬七百四十八。 天寶後，領縣三，戶四千三百，口八千九百六十七。 至西京七千一百六十一里，至東都六千三百八十九里。 至高州九十里，南至大海五十六里，至辯州一百二十里，北至竇州一百五十一里。
Nanhe: carved out of Shilong in Wude 5. Pan Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Hepu commandery county of Dingchuan. Wude 4: Southern Dang Prefecture set up with six counties, seat at Nanchang. Zhenguan 6: seat moved to Dingchuan. Year 8: renamed Pan Prefecture; Sicheng County abolished. Tianbao 1: renamed Nanpan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Pan Prefecture. Previously five counties and 10,748 households. Post-Tianbao: three counties, 4,300 households, 8,967 people. 7,161 li from Chang'an; 6,389 li from Luoyang. 90 li to Gao; 56 li south to the sea; 120 li to Bian; 151 li north to Dou.
377
州所治。 古西甌、駱越地，秦屬桂林郡，漢為合浦郡之地。 隋置定川縣。 ，平嶺表，于縣置南宕州，改為潘州，仍改縣茂名也
Seat of the prefecture: Maoming. Ancient Xiou and Luoyue lands; Qin Guilin commandery; Han Hepu commandery. The Sui created Dingchuan County. Wude 4, after pacifying Ling: Southern Dang at the county became Pan Prefecture; the county renamed Maoming.
378
隋廢縣。 置
Nanba: abolished under the Sui. Established in Wude 5.
379
以縣水為名。 分置也。 容管十州在桂管西南容州下，都督府隋合浦郡之北流縣。 ，平蕭銑，置銅州，領北流、豪石、宕昌、渭龍、南流、陵城、普寧、新安八縣。 ，改為容州，以容山為名。 十一年，省新安縣。 開元中，升為都督府。 ，改為普寧郡。 ，復為容州都督府。 仍舊置防禦、經略、招討等使，以刺史領之。 刺史充經略軍使，管鎮兵一千一百人，衣糧稅本管自給。 舊領縣七，戶八千八百九十。 天寶後，領縣五，戶四千九百七十，口一萬七千八十七。 至京師五千九百一十里，至東都五千四百八十五里。 東至藤州二百五十九里，南至竇州二百里，西至禺州十五里，北至龔州二百里，西至隋建縣一百九十里，西北至黨州一百五十里，東北接義州界。
Panshui: named for its river. Carved out in Wude 5. Rong Circuit's ten prefectures lie southwest of Gui Circuit. Rong Prefecture (lower grade, protectorate): the Sui Hepu commandery county of Beiliu. Wude 4, after pacifying Xiao Xian: Tong Prefecture set up with eight counties. Zhenguan 1: renamed Rong Prefecture for Rong Mountain. Year 11: Xin'an County abolished. Promoted to protectorate status in the Kaiyuan era. Tianbao 1: renamed Puning commandery. Under Qianyuan it became the Rong Prefecture Protectorate again. Defense, pacification, and punitive commissioners remained, led by the prefect. The prefect commanded 1,100 garrison troops, funded locally. Previously seven counties and 8,890 households. Post-Tianbao: five counties, 4,970 households, 17,087 people. 5,910 li from the capital; 5,485 li from Luoyang. 259 li east to Teng; 200 li south to Dou; 15 li west to Yu; 200 li north to Gong; 190 li west to Sui Jian County; 150 li northwest to Dang; northeast bordering Yi.
380
州所治。 漢合浦縣地，隋置北流縣。 縣南三十里，有兩石相對，其間闊三十步，俗號鬼門關。 漢伏波將軍馬援討林邑蠻，路由於此，立碑石龜尚在。 昔時趨交趾，皆由此關。 其南尤多瘴癘，去者罕得生還，諺曰：「鬼門關，十人九不還。」 其土少鐵，以睟石燒為器，以烹魚鮭，北人名「五侯燋石。」 一經火，久之不冷，即今之滑石也，亦名冷石
Seat of the prefecture: Beiliu. Han Hepu county lands; the Sui created Beiliu County. Thirty li south two stones face each other thirty paces apart — popularly Ghost Gate Pass. Han General Ma Yuan passed here campaigning against Linyi; his stele and stone tortoise remain. Formerly all routes to Jiaozhi passed through this gate. Southward miasma is especially deadly; few return. Proverb: "Ghost Gate Pass — nine of ten never come back. Iron is scarce; suishi stone is fired into cookware — northerners call it the Five Marquises' roasting stone. Once heated it stays warm long afterward — today's talc, also called cold stone.
381
隋置
Puning: established under the Sui.
382
，析北流置
Lingcheng: carved out of Beiliu in Wude 4.
383
，析普寧置
Weilong: carved out of Puning in Wude 4.
384
新置。 辯州下，隋高涼郡之石龍縣。 ，置羅州，移治石城。 于舊所置南石州，領石龍、陵羅、龍化、羅辯、慈廉、羅肥六縣。 ，改南石州為辯州，省慈廉、羅肥二縣。 ，改陵水郡。 復為辯州也。 舊領縣四，戶一萬三百五十。 天寶後，領縣三，戶四千八百五十八，口一萬六千二百九。 至京師五千七百一十八里，至東都五千三百七十里。 東至廣州一千一百四十四里，南至羅州吳川縣界五十里，南至白州博白縣二百三十里，北至禺州三百八十二里，南至潘州四十里，西南至羅州一百五十里，西北至白州三百里。
Xindao: newly created. Bian Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Gaoliang commandery county of Shilong. Wude 5: Luo Prefecture established; seat moved to Shicheng. At the old site Southern Shi Prefecture was set up with six counties. Zhenguan 9: Southern Shi renamed Bian; Cilian and Luofei abolished. Tianbao 1: renamed Lingshui commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Bian Prefecture. Previously four counties and 10,350 households. Post-Tianbao: three counties, 4,858 households, 16,209 people. 5,718 li from the capital; 5,370 li from Luoyang. 1,144 li east to Guangzhou; 50 li south to Luo's Wuchuan border; 230 li south to Bai's Bobai; 382 li north to Yu; 40 li south to Pan; 150 li southwest to Luo; 300 li northwest to Bai.
385
州所治。 漢高涼縣地，屬合浦郡。 秦象郡地。 屬羅州，六年改屬辯州。
Seat of the prefecture: Shilong. Han Gaoliang county lands under Hepu commandery. Qin Xiang commandery lands. Under Luo Prefecture; year 6 transferred to Bian Prefecture.
386
，置羅州。 六年，改為南石州也
Established in Wude 5. Year 6: renamed Southern Shi Prefecture.
387
，分置也。 白州下，隋合浦郡之合浦縣地。 ，置南州，領博白、朗平、周羅、龍豪、淳良、建寧六縣。 六年，改為白州。 ，省朗平、淳良二縣。 ，改為南昌郡。 ，復為白州。 舊領縣四，戶八千二百六。 天寶領縣五，戶二千五百七十四，口九千四百九十八。 至京師六千一百七十五里，至東都五千九百一十九里。 東至辯州二百里，南至羅州二百二十里，西至州界朗平山八十里，北至牢州一百里，西南至廣州二百里，東北至禺州二百里。
Carved out in Wude 5. Bai Prefecture (lower grade): Sui Hepu commandery, Hepu county territory. Wude 4: Southern Prefecture set up with Bobai, Langping, Zhouluo, Longhao, Chunliang, and Jianning. Year 6: renamed Bai Prefecture. Zhenguan 12: Langping and Chunliang abolished. Tianbao 1: renamed Nanchang commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Bai Prefecture. Previously four counties and 8,206 households. Tianbao: five counties, 2,574 households, 9,498 people. 6,175 li from the capital; 5,919 li from Luoyang. 200 li east to Bian; 220 li south to Luo; 80 li west to Langping Mountain; 100 li north to Lao; 200 li southwest to Guangzhou; 200 li northeast to Yu.
388
州所治。 漢合浦縣地，屬合浦郡。 ，析合浦縣置博白縣也
Seat of the prefecture: Bobai. Han Hepu county lands under Hepu commandery. Wude 5: Bobai carved out of Hepu County.
389
，析合浦縣置。 ，省淳良併入
Jianning: carved out of Hepu in Wude 4. Zhenguan 12: Chunliang abolished and merged in.
390
，析合浦置
Zhouluo: carved out of Hepu in Wude 4.
391
，析合浦置
Longhao: carved out of Hepu in Wude 4.
392
隋縣。 舊屬潘州，又來屬也。 牢州下，本巴、蜀徼外蠻夷地，漢牂柯郡地。 ，置義州。 五年，改為智州。 ，改為牢州，以牢石為名。 ，改為定川郡。 復為牢州也。 舊領縣三，戶一千六百四十一，口一萬一千七百五十六。 去京師與容州道里同。 東至容州一百二十五里，南至白州一百里，西至隋林州一百一十里，北至黨州一百里。
Nanchang: a Sui county. Formerly under Pan Prefecture; later transferred here. Lao Prefecture (lower grade): originally frontier barbarian land beyond Ba and Shu, Han Zangke commandery. Wude 2: Yi Prefecture established. Year 5: renamed Zhi Prefecture. Zhenguan 12: renamed Lao Prefecture for Lao Stone. Tianbao 1: renamed Dingchuan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Lao Prefecture. Previously three counties; 1,641 households and 11,756 people. Capital distance matches Rong Prefecture. 125 li east to Rong; 100 li south to Bai; 110 li west to Sui Lin; 100 li north to Dang.
393
，析容州北流縣置，屬容州。 ，改智州為牢州，以牢石為名。 牢石高四十丈，週二十里，在州界也。 定川
Nanliu: carved out of Rong's Beiliu in Wude 4, under Rong Prefecture. Zhenguan 11: Zhi Prefecture renamed Lao Prefecture for Lao Stone. Lao Stone stands forty zhang high with a twenty-li circumference in the prefecture. Dingchuan..
394
，分南流置也。 欽州下，隋寧越郡。 ，平蕭銑，改為欽州總管府，管一州，領欽江、安京、南賓、遵化、內亭五縣。 五年，置如和縣。 其年，置玉州、南亭州，並隸欽府，以內亭、遵化二縣屬亭州。 ，罷都督府。 二年，廢亭州，復以內亭、遵化並來屬。 十年，省海平縣。 ，改為寧越郡。 ，復為欽州也。 舊領縣七，戶一萬四千七十二，口一萬八千一百二十七。 天寶領縣五，戶二千七百，口一萬一百四十六。 至京師五千二百五十一里。 東至嚴州四百里，南至大海二百五十里，西至瀼州六百三十里，至橫州三百五十里，東南至廣州七百里，西南至陸州六百里，西至容州三百五十里，東北至貴州四百里。
Dangchuan: carved out of Nanliu in Zhenguan 11. Qin Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Ningyue commandery. Wude 4, after pacifying Xiao Xian: Qin Prefecture headquarters set up with five counties. Year 5: Ruhe County established. Same year: Yu and Nanting prefectures subordinated to Qin; Neiting and Zunhua assigned to Ting. Zhenguan 1: headquarters abolished. Year 2: Ting Prefecture abolished; Neiting and Zunhua restored here. Year 10: Haiping County abolished. Tianbao 1: renamed Ningyue commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Qin Prefecture. Previously seven counties; 14,072 households and 18,127 people. Tianbao: five counties, 2,700 households, 10,146 people. 5,251 li from the capital. 400 li east to Yan; 250 li south to the sea; 630 li west to Rang; 350 li to Heng; 700 li southeast to Guangzhou; 600 li southwest to Lu; 350 li west to Rong; 400 li northeast to Gui.
395
州所治。 漢合浦縣地，宋分置甯壽郡及甯壽縣。 梁置安州，隋改為欽州，仍改宋壽縣為欽江。 煬帝改為寧越郡。 皆治欽江也
Seat of the prefecture: Qinjiang. Han Hepu county lands; Song carved out Ningshou commandery and county. Liang set up An Prefecture; Sui renamed it Qin Prefecture and made Songsou into Qinjiang. Emperor Yang renamed it Ningyue commandery; all seats at Qinjiang. The seat was always at Qinjiang.
396
隋安京縣。 ，改為保京。 縣北十里安京山，下有如和山，似循州羅浮山形勢
Baojing: Sui Anjing County. Zhide 2: renamed Baojing. Ten li north is Anjing Mountain; below it Ruhe Mountain, shaped like Xun's Luofu Mountain.
397
隋舊置
Zunhua: established under the Sui.
398
隋縣。 ，于縣置南亭州。 ，州廢，復屬欽州也
Neiting: a Sui county. Wude 5: Nanting Prefecture set up at the county. Zhenguan 1: prefecture abolished; restored to Qin Prefecture.
399
已上縣，並漢合浦縣也。 禺州隋合浦郡之定川縣。 ，置南宕州，領南昌、定川、陸川、思城、溫水、宕川六縣，治南昌縣。 ，移治定川。 八年，改為潘州，仍廢思城。 改為東峨州，移治峨石縣。 二年，改為禺州。 改為溫水郡。 復為禺州。 舊領縣五，戶一萬七百四十八。 天寶領縣四，戶三千一百八十。 至京師五千三百五里，至東都五千里。 至義州一百九十里，南至辯州三百里，西至白州二百里，北至容州一百一十里。
The counties above are all on Han Hepu county lands. Yu Prefecture: the Sui Hepu commandery county of Dingchuan. Wude 4: Southern Dang Prefecture set up with six counties, seat at Nanchang. Zhenguan 6: seat moved to Dingchuan. Year 8: renamed Pan Prefecture; Sicheng abolished. Zongzhang 1: renamed Dong'e Prefecture; seat moved to Eshi. Year 2: renamed Yu Prefecture. Tianbao 1: renamed Wenshui commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yu Prefecture. Previously five counties and 10,748 households. Tianbao: four counties and 3,180 households. 5,305 li from the capital; 5,000 li from Luoyang. 190 li to Yi; 300 li south to Bian; 200 li west to Bai; 110 li north to Rong.
400
秦象郡地、晉南昌郡之邊邑，為禺州所治也
Eshi: Qin Xiang commandery and a Jin Nanchang border town; seat of Yu Prefecture.
401
，析南昌置
Wenshui: carved out of Nanchang in Wude 4.
402
隋廢縣。 置
Luchuan: abolished under the Sui. Established in Wude 4.
403
置。 湯州下，秦象郡地。 唐置湯州，失起置年月。 改為溫泉郡。 復為湯州也。 領縣三，無戶口及無兩京道里、四至州府。
Fusang: established in Wude 4. Tang Prefecture (lower grade): Qin Xiang commandery territory. Tang created Tang Prefecture; founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Wenquan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Tang Prefecture. Three counties; no household figures or capital or border distances recorded.
404
州所治也
Seat of the prefecture: Tangquan.
405
、，與州同置。 瀼州下，，清平公李弘節遣欽州首領甯師京，尋劉方故道，行達交趾，開拓夷獠，置瀼州。 ，改為臨潭郡。 ，復為瀼州。 領縣四，戶一千六百六十六，無兩京地裏。 東至欽州六百三十里，北至容州二百八十二里。 在安南府之東北、郁林之西南。
Lushui and Luoshao were founded with the prefecture. Rang Prefecture (lower grade): Zhenguan 12, Duke of Qingping Li Hongjie sent Ning Shijing of Qin along Liu Fang's route to Jiaozhi to pacify Liao and establish Rang Prefecture. Tianbao 1: renamed Lintan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Rang Prefecture. Four counties and 1,666 households; no capital distances recorded. 630 li east to Qin; 282 li north to Rong. Northeast of Annan Prefecture and southwest of Yulin.
406
州所治也
Seat of the prefecture: Linjiang.
407
、，與州同置。 岩州下，土地與合浦郡同。 唐置岩州，失起置年月。 ，改為安樂郡。 ，改為常樂郡。 ，復為岩州。 領縣四，戶一千一百一十，無兩京道里、四至州府也。
Boling, Geshan, and Hongyuan were founded with the prefecture. Yan Prefecture (lower grade): same territory as Hepu commandery. Tang created Yan Prefecture; founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Anle commandery. Zhide 2: renamed Changle commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yan Prefecture. Four counties and 1,110 households; no capital or border distances recorded.
408
本安樂縣。 改，州所治
Changle: formerly Anle County. Renamed in Zhide 2; the prefectural seat.
409
、、，與州同置古州土地與瀼州同年置。 ，改為樂古郡。 ，復為古州。 安南府在邕管之西安南都督府都督府隋交趾郡。 ，改為交州總管府，管交、峰、愛、仙、鳶、宋、慈、險、道、龍十州。 其交州領交趾、懷德、南定、宋平四縣。 六年，澄、慈、道、宋並加「南」字。 七年，又置玉州，隸交府。 ，省南宋州以宋平縣，省隆州以陸平縣，省鳶州以硃鳶縣，省龍州以龍編縣，並隸交府。 仍省懷德縣及南慈州。 二年，廢玉州入欽州。 六年，改南道州為仙州。 十一年，廢仙州，以平道縣來屬。 今督交、峰、愛、驩四州。 八月，改交州都督府為安南都護府。 四月，置武安州、南登州，並隸安南府。 九月，改為鎮南都護府，後為安南府。 刺史充都護，管兵四千二百。 舊領縣八，戶一萬七千五百二十三，口八萬八千七百八十八。 天寶領縣七，戶二萬四千二百三十，口九萬九千六百五十二。 至京師七千二百五十三里，至東都七千二百二十五里。 西至愛州界小黃江口，水路四百一十六里，西南至長州界文陽縣靖江鎮一百五十里，西北至峰州嘉甯縣論江口水路一百五十里，東至硃鳶縣界小黃江口水路五百里，北至硃鳶州阿勞江口水路五百四十九里，北至武平縣界武定江二百五十二里，東北至交趾縣界福生去十里也。
Sifeng, Gaocheng, and Shiyan were founded with the prefecture. Gu Prefecture was set up the same year as Rang. Tianbao 1: renamed Legu commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Gu Prefecture. Annan Prefecture is west of Yong Circuit. The Annan protectorate: the Sui Jiaozhi commandery. Wude 5: Jiaozhou headquarters set up over ten prefectures. Jiaozhou had four counties: Jiaozhi, Huaide, Nanding, and Songping. Year 6: Cheng, Ci, Dao, and Song all took the prefix Southern. Year 7: Yu Prefecture added under the Jiao headquarters. Zhenguan 1: Southern Song, Long, Yuan, and Long prefectures abolished; their counties merged into Jiao headquarters. Huaide County and Southern Ci Prefecture were also dropped. Year 2: Yu Prefecture abolished and merged into Qin. Year 6: Southern Dao renamed Xian Prefecture. Year 11: Xian Prefecture abolished; Pingdao transferred here. It now supervises Jiao, Feng, Ai, and Huan prefectures. Tiaolu 1, eighth month: Jiaozhou protectorate became the Annan protectorate. Dazu 1, fourth month: Wu'an and Nandeng prefectures established under Annan. Zhide 2, ninth month: renamed Zhennan protectorate; later Annan Prefecture. The prefect doubled as protectorate general over 4,200 troops. Previously eight counties; 17,523 households and 88,788 people. Tianbao: seven counties, 24,230 households, 99,652 people. 7,253 li from the capital; 7,225 li from Luoyang. 416 li by water west to Ai's Xiaohuang River; 150 li southwest to Chang's Jingjiang Fort; 150 li by water northwest to Feng's Lun River; 500 li by water east to Zhuyuan's Xiaohuang River; 549 li north to Alao River; 252 li north to Wuping's Wuding River; 10 li northeast to Jiaozhi's Fusheng.
410
漢西捲縣地，屬日南郡。 自漢至晉猶為西捲縣。 宋置宋平郡及宋平縣。 隋平陳，置交州。 煬帝改為交趾，刺史治龍編，交州都護制諸蠻。 其海南諸國，大抵在交州南及西南，居大海中州上，相去或三五百里，三五千里，遠者二三萬里。 乘舶舉帆，道里不可詳知。 自漢武已來朝貢，必由交趾之道。 于宋平置宋州，領宋平、弘教、南定三縣。 五年，又分宋平置交趾、懷德二縣。 自廢南宋州，以弘教、懷德、交趾三縣省入宋平縣，移交趾縣名于漢故交趾城置。 以宋平、南定二縣屬交州。 交趾漢交趾郡之羸𨻻地。 隋為交趾縣，取漢郡名。 ，置慈廉、烏延、武立三縣。 六年，改為南慈州。 貞觀初，州廢，並廢三縣，併入交趾
Songping: Han Xijuan county lands under Rinan commandery. From Han through Jin it was still Xijuan County. Song created Songping commandery and county. After Sui pacified Chen it set up Jiaozhou. Emperor Yang renamed it Jiaozhi; the prefect at Longbian while the protectorate controlled the barbarians. Overseas states lie south and southwest of Jiaozhou on ocean islands, from hundreds to tens of thousands of li away. Sailing distances cannot be precisely known. Since Han Wudi tribute missions have always passed through Jiaozhi. Wude 4: Song Prefecture set up at Songping with three counties. Year 5: Jiaozhi and Huaide split off from Songping. When Southern Song was abolished, Hongjiao, Huaide, and Jiaozhi merged into Songping; the Jiaozhi name moved to the old Han city. Songping and Nanding belonged to Jiaozhou. Jiaozhi: Han Leilou lands in Jiaozhi commandery. Sui: Jiaozhi County, taking the Han commandery name. Wude 4: Cilian, Wuyan, and Wuli counties established. Year 6: renamed Southern Ci Prefecture. Early Zhenguan: prefecture and three counties abolished and merged into Jiaozhi.
411
漢縣名，交趾郡。 今縣，吳軍平縣地。 舊置武平郡。 龍編漢交趾郡守治羸𨻻。 後漢周敞為交趾太守。 乃移治龍編。 言立城之始，有蛟龍盤編津之間，因為城名。 于縣置龍州，領龍編、武甯、平樂三縣。 貞觀初廢龍州，以武甯、平樂入龍編，割屬仙州。 十年，廢仙州，以龍編屬交州也
Zhuyuan: a Han county name in Jiaozhi commandery. The present county is on Wu Junping county lands. Wuping commandery was formerly established here. Longbian: the Han Jiaozhi commandery seat was at Leilou. Later Han: Zhou Chang served as Jiaozhi prefect. He then moved the seat to Longbian.. Legend says a dragon coiled at Bian Ford when the city was founded, giving it its name. Wude 4: Long Prefecture set up at the county with Longbian, Wuning, and Pingle. Early Zhenguan: Long Prefecture abolished; Wuning and Pingle merged into Longbian under Xian. Year 10: Xian Prefecture abolished; Longbian transferred to Jiaozhou.
412
漢封溪縣地，南齊置昌國縣。 《南越志》：交趾之地，最為膏腴。 舊有君長曰雄王，其佐曰雄侯。 後蜀王將兵三萬討雄王，滅之。 蜀以其子為安陽王，治交趾。 其國地，在今平道縣東。 其城九重，周九里，士庶蕃阜。 尉佗在番禺，遣兵攻之。 王有神弩，一發殺越軍萬人，趙佗乃與之和，仍以其子始為質。 安陽王以媚珠妻之，子始得弩毀之。 越兵至，乃殺安陽王，兼其地。 於縣置道州，領平道、昌國、武平三縣。 六年，改為南道州，又改為仙州。 廢仙州，以昌國入平道，屬交州
Pingdao: Han Fengxi county lands; Southern Qi created Changguo County. Records of Southern Yue: "Jiaozhi land is the most fertile." Formerly a lord called the King of Xiong ruled with his assistant the Marquis of Xiong. Later the Shu king led thirty thousand troops against the King of Xiong and destroyed him. Shu made his son King of Anyang to rule Jiaozhi. His kingdom lay east of present-day Pingdao County.. Its city had nine wall layers and a nine-li circuit; the population was abundant. Wei Tuo at Panyu sent troops to attack it. The king had a divine crossbow that killed ten thousand Yue in one shot; Zhao Tuo made peace and sent his son Shi as hostage. The King of Anyang married him his daughter Meizhu; Shi got the crossbow and destroyed it. When Yue troops arrived they killed the King of Anyang and took his land. Wude 4: Dao Prefecture set up at the county with Pingdao, Changguo, and Wuping. Year 6: renamed Southern Dao Prefecture, then Xian Prefecture. When Xian was abolished Changguo merged into Pingdao under Jiaozhou.
413
吳置武平郡。 隋為縣。 本漢封溪縣。 後漢初，赩泠縣女子征側叛，攻陷交趾，馬援率師討之，三年方平。 光武乃增置望海、封溪二縣，即此也。 隋曰隆平。 ，改為武平武峨州下，土地與交州同。 置武峨州，失起置年月。 ，改為武峨郡。 ，復為武峨州。 領縣五，戶一千八百五十，無口。 無兩京道里及四至州府也。
Wu established Wuping commandery. Under Sui it became a county. Once Han Fengxi County. Early Later Han: Zheng Ce of Xiling rebelled and took Jiaozhi; Ma Yuan needed three years to pacify her. Emperor Guangwu added Wanghai and Fengxi counties — this is that place. At Sui it was called Longping. Wude 4: renamed Wuping. Wu'e Prefecture (lower grade): same territory as Jiaozhou. Wu'e Prefecture was established; founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Wu'e commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Wu'e Prefecture. Five counties and 1,850 households; no population figure. No capital or border distances recorded.
414
州所治也
Seat of the prefecture: Wu'e.
415
、、皆與州同置也粵州下，土地與交州同。 唐置粵州，失起置年月。 ，改為龍水郡。 ，復為粵州。 領縣四，無戶口數，亦無兩京道里及四至州府也。
Wuyuan, Wulao, and Liangshan were founded with the prefecture. Yue Prefecture (lower grade): same territory as Jiaozhou. Tang created Yue Prefecture; founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Longshui commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Yue Prefecture. Four counties; no household figures or capital or border distances recorded.
416
州所治也。
Seat of the prefecture: Yongcheng.
417
、、，皆與州同置。 芝州下，土地與交州同。 唐置芝州，失起置年月。 ，改為忻城郡。 ，復為芝州。 領縣一。
Qujiang, Linchang, and Huazhou were all founded with the prefecture. Zhi Prefecture (lower grade): same territory as Jiaozhou. Tang created Zhi Prefecture; founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Xincheng commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Zhi Prefecture. One county.
418
州所治。 無戶口及兩京道里、四至州府。 最遠惡處。 愛州隋九真郡。 ，置愛州，領九真、松源、楊山、安順四縣。 又於州界分置積、順、安、永、胥、前真、山七州。 改永州為都州。 九年，改積州為南陵州。 貞觀初，廢都州入前真州。 其年，廢前真、胥二州入南陵州。 又廢安州以隆安縣，廢山州以建初縣，並屬州。 又廢楊山、安順二縣入九真縣。 改南陵州復為真州。 八年，廢建初入隆安。 九年，廢松源入九真。 十年，廢真州，以胥浦、軍安、日南、移風四縣屬愛州。 ，改為九真郡。 ，復為愛州。 九真南與日南接界，西接牂柯界，北與巴蜀接，東北與郁林州接，山險溪洞所居。 舊領縣七，戶九千八十，口三萬六千五百一十九。 天寶領縣六，戶一萬四千七百。 至京師八千八百里，至東都八千一百里。 在交州西，不詳道里遠近。 其南即驩州界。
Seat of the prefecture: Xincheng. No household figures or capital or border distances recorded. The most remote and harsh region. Ai Prefecture: the Sui Jiuzhen commandery. Wude 5: Ai Prefecture set up with Jiuzhen, Songyuan, Yangshan, and Anshun. Seven prefectures — Ji, Shun, An, Yong, Xu, Qianzhen, and Shan — were further split off within its borders. Yong Prefecture renamed Du Prefecture. Year 9: Ji Prefecture renamed Nanling Prefecture. Early Zhenguan: Du Prefecture abolished and merged into Qianzhen. Same year: Qianzhen and Xu merged into Nanling Prefecture. An Prefecture abolished for Long'an; Shan for Jianchu; both assigned here. Yangshan and Anshun also merged into Jiuzhen County. Nanling Prefecture reverted to Zhen Prefecture. Year 8: Jianchu merged into Long'an. Year 9: Songyuan merged into Jiuzhen. Year 10: Zhen Prefecture abolished; Xupu, Jun'an, Rinan, and Yifeng assigned to Ai. Tianbao 1: renamed Jiuzhen commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Ai Prefecture. Jiuzhen borders Rinan south, Zangke west, Ba-Shu north, and Yulin northeast; people live in mountain fastnesses and caves. Previously seven counties; 9,080 households and 36,519 people. Tianbao: six counties and 14,700 households. 8,800 li from the capital; 8,100 li from Luoyang. West of Jiaozhou; exact route distance unrecorded. Southward lies the Huan Prefecture border.
419
漢武帝開置九真郡，治於胥浦縣。 領居風、都龐、餘發、咸驩、無切、無編等七縣。 今九真縣，即漢居風縣地。 吳改為移風。 隋改為九真，州所治。 自漢至南齊為九真郡。 梁置愛州，隋為九真郡
Han Wudi opened Jiuzhen commandery, seat at Xupu County. It administered seven counties including Jufeng, Dulong, Yufa, Xianhuan, Wuqie, and Wubian. Present Jiuzhen County is on Han Jufeng county lands. Wu renamed it Yifeng. Sui renamed it Jiuzhen, the prefectural seat. From Han through Southern Qi it was Jiuzhen commandery. Liang created Ai Prefecture; Sui made it Jiuzhen commandery.
420
隋舊，置順州，又分置東河、建昌、邊河，並屬順州。 州廢，及三縣皆併入安順，屬愛州也
Anshun: established under Sui; Shun Prefecture set up with Donghe, Jianchang, and Bianhe. When Shun was abolished all three counties merged into Anshun under Ai.
421
隋隆安縣。 ，于縣置安州及山州，又分隆安立教山、建道、都握三縣，並屬安州，領四縣。 又置岡山、真潤、古安、西安、建初五縣，屬山州。 ，廢安州及三縣，又廢山州及五縣，以隆安隸愛州。 ，改為崇安。 ，改為崇平
Long'an: a Sui county. Wude 5: An and Shan prefectures set up at the county; Jiaoshan, Jiandao, and Duowo split off under An. Gangshan, Zhenrun, Gu'an, Xi'an, and Jianchu were also set up under Shan Prefecture. Zhenguan 1: An and Shan prefectures abolished; Long'an assigned to Ai. Tianbao 1: renamed Chong'an. Zhide 2: renamed Chongping.
422
隋軍安縣。 ，於縣界置永州。 七年，改為都州。 ，改為前真州。 十年，改屬愛州。 ，改為軍寧
Jun'an: a Sui county. Wude 5: Yong Prefecture set up on the county border. Year 7: renamed Du Prefecture. Zhenguan 1: renamed Qianzhen Prefecture. Year 10: transferred to Ai Prefecture. Tianbao 1: renamed Junning.
423
漢居風地。 縣界有居風山，上有風門，常有風。 其山出金牛，往往夜見，照耀十里。 時鬥，則海水沸溢，有霹靂，人家牛皆怖，號曰「神牛」。 隋為日南縣
Rinan: Han Jufeng territory. Jufeng Mountain stands in the county; above it Feng Gate where wind blows constantly. The mountain yields golden oxen, often seen at night shining ten li. When they fight the sea boils with thunder; cattle panic and they are called spirit oxen. At Sui it was Rinan County.
424
漢舊縣，屬九真郡。 又有漢西於縣，故城在今縣東所置也。 福祿州下，土俗同九真郡之地，後為生獠所據。 ，智州刺史謝法成招慰生獠昆明、北樓等七千餘落。 ，置福祿州以處之。 ，改為福祿郡。 ，改為唐林郡。 ，復為福祿州。 領縣二，無戶口及兩京道里、四至州郡。
Yifeng: an old Han county under Jiuzhen commandery. Han Xiyu County also stood here; its old city lay east of the present county. Fulu Prefecture (lower grade): Jiuzhen customs; later held by raw Liao. Longshuo 1: Zhi Prefecture prefect Xie Facheng pacified over 7,000 raw Liao households including Kunming and Beilou. Year 2: Fulu Prefecture established to settle them. Tianbao 1: renamed Fulu commandery. Zhide 2: renamed Tanglin commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Fulu Prefecture. Two counties; no household figures or capital or border distances recorded.
425
州所治。 與州同置。 本名安遠，，改為柔遠也長州土俗與九真同。 唐置長州，失起置年月。 ，改為文陽郡。 ，復為長州。 領縣四，戶六百四十八，無口及兩京道里、四至州府也。
Seat of the prefecture: Fujin. Founded together with the prefecture. Rouyuan: formerly Anyuan; Tianbao 1 renamed Rouyuan. Chang Prefecture: customs like Jiuzhen. Tang created Chang Prefecture; founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Wenyang commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Chang Prefecture. Four counties and 648 households; no population or capital or border distances recorded.
426
、、、，皆與州同置。 驩州陳日南郡。 ，置南德州總管府，領德、明、智、驩、林、源、景、海八州。 南德州領六縣。 八年，改為德州。 貞觀初，改為驩州，以舊驩州為演州。 二年，置驩州都督府，領驩、演、明、智、林、源、景、海八州。 十二年，廢明、源、海三州。 ，改為日南郡。 ，復為驩州也。 舊領縣六，戶六千五百七十九，口一萬六千六百八十九。 天寶領縣四，戶九千六百一十九，口五萬八百一十八。 至京師陸路一萬二千四百五十二里，水路一萬七千里，至東都一萬一千五百九十五里，水路一萬六千二百二十里。 東至大海一百五十里，南至林州一百五十里，西至環王國界八百里，北至愛州界六百三里，南至盡當郡界四百里，西北到靈跋江四百七十里，東北至辯州五百二里。
Wenyang, Tonggu, Luolong, and Changhuan were all founded with the prefecture. Huan Prefecture: the Chen Rinan commandery. Wude 5: Southern De headquarters set up over eight prefectures. Southern De Prefecture had six counties. Year 8: renamed De Prefecture. Early Zhenguan: renamed Huan Prefecture; old Huan became Yan. Year 2: Huan protectorate set up over eight prefectures. Year 12: Ming, Yuan, and Hai prefectures abolished. Tianbao 1: renamed Rinan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Huan Prefecture. Previously six counties; 6,579 households and 16,689 people. Tianbao: four counties, 9,619 households, 50,818 people. 12,452 li to the capital by land, 17,000 by water; 11,595 to Luoyang by land, 16,220 by water. 150 li east to the sea; 150 li south to Lin; 800 li west to Huanwang; 603 li north to Ai; 400 li south to Jindang; 470 li northwest to Lingba River; 502 li northeast to Bian.
427
州所治。 古越裳氏國，秦開百越，此為象郡。 漢武開交趾已南，置南郡，治於硃吾，領比景、盧容、西扌卷、象林五縣。 吳分日南置九德郡，晉、宋、齊因之。 隋改為驩州，廢九德郡為縣，今治也。 後漢遣馬援討林邑蠻，援自交趾循海隅，開側道以避海，從蕩昌縣南至九真郡，自九真至其國，開陸路，至日南郡，又行四百餘里，至林邑國。 又南行二千餘里，有西屠夷國，鑄二銅柱于象林南界，與西屠夷分境，以紀漢德之盛。 其時，以不能還者數十人，留於其銅柱之下。 至隋乃有三百余家，南蠻呼為「馬留人」。 其水路，自安南府南海行三千餘里至林邑，計交趾至銅柱五千里。
Seat of the prefecture: Xianhuan. Ancient Yuechang kingdom; when Qin opened the Hundred Yue this was Xiang commandery. Han Wu south of Jiaozhi established Nan commandery at Zhuwu with five counties including Bijing, Lurong, Xijuan, and Xianglin. Wu carved Jiude commandery from Rinan; Jin, Song, and Qi kept it. Sui renamed it Huan Prefecture and reduced Jiude commandery to a county; present seat. Later Han Ma Yuan campaigned against Linyi, following the coast from Jiaozhi and opening a land route through Jiuzhen to Rinan and on four hundred-odd li to Linyi. Two thousand-odd li farther south lay Xitu; two bronze pillars marked the Xianglin border with Xitu to commemorate Han virtue. Several dozen men unable to return remained beneath the bronze pillars. By Sui over three hundred households remained; southerners called them the Ma Liu people. By sea from Annan to Linyi is over 3,000 li; from Jiaozhi to the bronze pillars totals 5,000 li.
428
晉置
Wubian: established under Jin.
429
隋為咸驩縣，屬九真郡。 ，於縣置驩州，領安人、扶演、相景、西源四縣，治安人。 ，改為演州。 十三年，省相景縣入扶演。 十六年，廢演州。 其所管四縣，廢入咸驩。 後改為懷驩
Huaihuan: Sui Xianhuan County under Jiuzhen commandery. Wude 5: Huan Prefecture set up with Anren, Fuyan, Xiangjing, and Xiyuan, seat at Anren. Zhenguan 1: renamed Yan Prefecture. Year 13: Xiangjing merged into Fuyan. Year 16: Yan Prefecture abolished. Its four counties were abolished and merged into Xianhuan. Later renamed Huaihuan.
430
吳置。 ，於縣置明州，析置萬安、明弘、明定三縣隸之。 又分日南郡文谷、金寧二縣置智州，領文穀、新鎮、闍員、金寧四縣。 ，廢明州，越裳屬智州。 後又廢智州，以越裳屬驩州。 林州隋林邑郡。 ，綏懷林邑置林州，寄治于驩州南界，今廢無名，領縣三，無戶口。 去京師一萬二千里。
Yuechang: established under Wu. Wude 5: Ming Prefecture set up with Wan'an, Minghong, and Mingding. Wenggu and Jinning of Rinan were split off to create Zhi Prefecture with four counties. Zhenguan 12: Ming Prefecture abolished; Yuechang assigned to Zhi. Later Zhi Prefecture was also abolished; Yuechang assigned to Huan. Lin Prefecture: the Sui Linyi commandery. Wude 5: by pacifying Linyi, Lin Prefecture lodged on Huan's southern border; now abolished and nameless, three counties, no households. 12,000 li from the capital..
431
州所治。 漢武帝開百越，於交趾郡南三千里置日南郡，領縣四，治於硃吾。 其林邑，即日南郡之象林縣。 縣在南，故曰日南，郡南界四百里。 後漢時，中原喪亂，象林縣人區連殺縣令，自稱林邑王。 後有范熊者，代區連，相傳累世，遂為林邑國。 其地皆開北戶以向日。 晉武時，范氏入貢。 東晉末，范攻陷日南郡，告交州刺史硃蕃，求以日南郡北界橫山為界。 其後，又陷九真郡。 自是，屢寇交趾南界。 至貞觀中，其主修職貢，乃于驩州南僑置林邑郡以羈縻之，非正林邑國
Seat of the prefecture: Jinlong. Han Wudi opened the Hundred Yue and set up Rinan commandery 3,000 li south of Jiaozhi with four counties, seat at Zhuwu. Its Linyi is Rinan commandery's Xianglin County. The county lies southward, hence Rinan; the commandery's southern border is 400 li. Later Han: during central plain turmoil Qu Lian of Xianglin killed the magistrate and styled himself King of Linyi. Later Fan Xiong replaced Qu Lian; over generations it became the Linyi kingdom. Its dwellings all open north-facing doors toward the sun. Under Jin Wu the Fan clan sent tribute missions. Late Eastern Jin: Fan took Rinan and asked Jiaozhou prefect Zhu Fan to set the boundary at Heng Mountain. Afterward he also captured Jiuzhen commandery. From then on he repeatedly raided Jiaozhi's southern border. By Zhenguan its ruler restored tribute; Linyi commandery was lodged south of Huan to control it — not the real Linyi kingdom.
432
隋文帝時，遣大將劉方率兵萬人，自交趾南伐林邑國，敗之。 其王梵志遁走，方收其廟主一十八人，皆鑄金為之。 方盡虜其人，空其地，乃班師。 因方得其龍，乃為縣名
Sui Wendi sent General Liu Fang with 10,000 troops from Jiaozhi south against Linyi and defeated it. King Fan Zhizhi fled; Fang collected eighteen temple lords cast in gold. Fang captured the population, emptied the land, and withdrew. Because Fang obtained a dragon there, the county was named Jinlong.
433
三縣並置。 景州隋北景郡。 ，置南景州，寄治驩州南界。 八年，改為景州。 後亦廢，無其名。 領縣三，無戶口。 至京師一萬一千五百里。
All three counties were established together. Jing Prefecture: the Sui Beijing commandery. Wude 5: Southern Jing Prefecture lodged on Huan's southern border. Year 8: renamed Jing Prefecture. Later abolished and its name lost. Three counties; no household figures. 11,500 li from the capital.
434
漢縣名，屬日南郡，在安南府南三千里。 北景在南。 晉將灌邃攻林邑王範佛，破其國，遂于其國五月五日立表，北景在表南九寸一分，故自北景已南，皆北戶以向日也。 「北」字或單為「匕」
Beijing: a Han county under Rinan commandery, 3,000 li south of Annan Prefecture. Beijing lies southward. Jin general Guan Sui broke Linyi King Fan Fo and on the fifth day of the fifth month set a gnomon; Beijing lay nine cun one fen south of it, so south of Beijing all doors face north. The character bei is sometimes written alone as bi.
435
置也
Youwen and Zhuwu were established..
436
漢日南郡所治之縣也。 前志曰：「硃吾人不粒食，依魚資魚為生。」 記云：「硃吾，在日南郡，此僑立名也。」 峰州下，隋交趾郡之嘉寧縣。 ，置峰州，領嘉寧、新昌、安仁、竹輅、石堤、封溪六縣。 ，廢石堤、封溪入嘉寧，竹輅入新昌。 ，改為承化郡。 ，復為峰州也。 舊領縣三，戶五千四百四十四，口六千四百三十五。 天寶領縣五，戶一千九百二十。 州在安南府西北，至京師七千七百一十里。
Zhuwu: the Han Rinan commandery seat. The Former Treatise says: "Zhuwu people do not eat grain; they live by fishing. A record says: "Zhuwu is in Rinan commandery; this is a lodged name." Feng Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Jiaozhi commandery county of Jianning. Wude 5: Feng Prefecture set up with Jianning, Xinchang, Anren, Zhulu, Shidi, and Fengxi. Zhenguan 1: Shidi and Fengxi merged into Jianning; Zhulu into Xinchang. Tianbao 1: renamed Chenghua commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Feng Prefecture. Previously three counties; 5,444 households and 6,435 people. Tianbao: five counties and 1,920 households. Northwest of Annan Prefecture; 7,710 li from the capital.
437
州所治。 漢赩泠縣地，屬交趾郡。 古文朗夷之地。 秦屬象郡。 吳分交趾置新興郡。 晉改為新昌。 宋、齊因之，改為興州。 隋初改為峰州。 煬帝廢，併入交趾。 武德復置峰州也
Seat of the prefecture: Jianning. Han Xiling county lands under Jiaozhi commandery. Ancient Wenlang barbarian lands. Under Qin it belonged to Xiang commandery. Wu split Jiaozhi to create Xinxing commandery. Jin renamed it Xinchang. Song and Qi kept it and renamed it Xing Prefecture. Early Sui renamed it Feng Prefecture. Emperor Yang abolished it and merged it into Jiaozhi.. Restored in the Wude era.
438
、、、、、，新置。 陸州隋寧越郡之玉山縣。 ，置玉山州，領安海、海平二縣。 ，廢玉山州。 ，復置，改為陸州，以州界山為名。 ，改為玉山郡。 ，復為陸州。 領縣三，戶四百九十四，口二千六百七十四。 至京師七千二十六里，至東都七千里。 東至廉州界三百里，南至大海，北至思州七百六十二里，東南際大海，西南至當州寧海二百四十里也。
Chenghua, Jiaozhi, Linhua, Wu'an, and Laitang — all newly created. Lu Prefecture: the Sui Ningyue commandery county of Yushan. Wude 5: Yushan Prefecture set up with Anhai and Haiping. Year 6: Yushan Prefecture abolished. Year 8: restored and renamed Lu Prefecture for its border mountain. Tianbao 1: renamed Yushan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Lu Prefecture. Three counties; 494 households and 2,674 people. 7,026 li from the capital; 7,000 li from Luoyang. 300 li east to Lian border; south to the sea; 762 li north to Si; southeast to the sea; 240 li southwest to Dang's Ninghai.
439
州所治也
Seat of the prefecture: Yushan.
440
舊玉山縣，天寶年改
Formerly Yushan County; renamed under Tianbao.
441
舊安海縣。 改為寧海縣也。 廉州下，隋合浦郡。 ，置越州，領合浦、安昌、高城、大廉、大都五縣。 ，置珠池。 其年，改大都屬白州。 八年，改越州為廉州。 十年，廢薑州，以封山、東羅、蔡龍三縣來屬。 十二年，廢安昌、珠池二縣入合浦，廢高城入蔡龍。 ，改為合浦郡。 ，復為廉州。 舊領縣五，戶一千五百二十二。 天寶，戶三千三十二，口一萬三千二十九。 至京師六千五百四十七里，至東都五千八百三十六里。 東至白州二百里，南至羅州三百五十里，西北至安南府一千里，北至欽州七百里。
Once Anhai County. Renamed Ninghai County. Lian Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Hepu commandery. Wude 4: Yue Prefecture set up with Hepu, Anchang, Gaocheng, Dalian, and Dadu. Year 5: Zhuchi established. Same year: Dadu transferred to Bai Prefecture. Year 8: Yue Prefecture renamed Lian Prefecture. Year 10: Jiang Prefecture abolished; Fengshan, Dongluo, and Cailong transferred here. Year 12: Anchang and Zhuchi merged into Hepu; Gaocheng into Cailong. Tianbao 1: renamed Hepu commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Lian Prefecture. Previously five counties and 1,522 households. Tianbao: 3,032 households and 13,029 people. 6,547 li from the capital; 5,836 li from Luoyang. 200 li east to Bai; 350 li south to Luo; 1,000 li northwest to Annan; 700 li north to Qin.
442
漢縣，屬合浦郡。 秦之象郡地。 吳改為珠官。 宋分置臨漳郡及越州，領郡三，治於此。 時西江都護陳伯紹為刺史，始立州鎮，鑿山為城，以威俚、獠。 隋改為祿州。 及為合州，又改為合浦。 唐置廉州。 大海，在西南一百六十里，有珠母海，郡人采珠之所，云合浦也。 州界有瘴江，名合浦江也
Hepu: a Han county under Hepu commandery. Qin Xiang commandery lands. Wu renamed it Zhuguan. Song carved out Linzhang commandery and Yue Prefecture with three commanderies, seat here. Then Xijiang protectorate Chen Bozhao first built the prefectural fortress and carved a mountain into a city to overawe Li and Liao. Sui renamed it Lu Prefecture. Later He Prefecture, then Hepu again. Tang established Lian Prefecture.. The sea lies 160 li southwest; the Pearl-Mother Sea where locals gather pearls — the Hepu of legend. The prefectural border has Zhang River, called the Hepu River.
443
隋縣。 ，置薑州，領封山、東羅、蔡龍三縣。 ，廢州，以三縣入廉州
Dalian: a Sui county. Wude 5: Jiang Prefecture set up with Fengshan, Dongluo, and Cailong. Year 10: prefecture abolished; three counties entered Lian Prefecture.
444
，分置也
Carved out by division.
445
置。 四縣皆漢合浦縣地。 雷州下，隋合浦郡之海康縣。 ，平蕭銑，置南合州，領海康、隋康、鐵杷、椹川四縣。 ，改為東合州。 二年，改隋康為徐聞縣。 八年，改東合州為雷州。 ，改為海康郡。 ，復為雷州也。 舊領縣四，戶二千四百五十八。 天寶領縣三，戶四千三百二十，口二萬五百七十二。 至京師六千五百一十二里，至東都五千九百三十一里。 東至大海二十里，西至大海一百里，東南至大海十五里，西南至大海一百里，隔海至崖州四百三十里，東北及西北與羅州接界。
Newly created. All four counties are on Han Hepu county lands. Lei Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Hepu commandery county of Haikang. Wude 4, after pacifying Xiao Xian: Southern He Prefecture with Haikang, Suikang, Tieba, and Shenchuan. Year 5: renamed Eastern He Prefecture. Year 2: Suikang renamed Xuwen County. Year 8: Eastern He renamed Lei Prefecture. Tianbao 1: renamed Haikang commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Lei Prefecture. Previously four counties and 2,458 households. Tianbao: three counties, 4,320 households, 20,572 people. 6,512 li from the capital; 5,931 li from Luoyang. 20 li east to the sea; 100 li west; 15 li southeast; 100 li southwest; 430 li by sea to Ya; northeast and northwest bordering Luo.
446
漢徐聞縣地，屬合浦郡。 秦象郡地。 梁分置南合州，隋去「南」字，煬帝廢合州，置海康縣
Haikang: Han Xuwen county lands under Hepu commandery. Qin Xiang commandery lands. Liang carved out Southern He Prefecture; Sui dropped Southern; Emperor Yang abolished He and made Haikang County.
447
舊齊鐵杷、椹川二縣，後廢，改為遂溪也
Formerly Qi Tieba and Shenchuan; later abolished and renamed Suixi.
448
漢縣名。 隋置隋康縣。 ，改為徐聞。 《漢志》曰合浦郡徐聞南入海，達珠崖郡，即此縣。 籠州，清平公李弘節遣龔州大同縣人龔固興招慰生蠻。 置籠州。 ，改為扶南郡。 ，復為籠州。 領縣七，戶三千六百六十七。 無四至州縣、兩京道里。 扶南國，在日南郡之南海西大島中，去日南郡約七千里，在林邑國西三千里，其王，貞觀中遣使朝貢，故立籠州招置之。 遙取其名，非正扶南國也。
Xuwen: a Han county name. The Sui created Suikang County. Wude 2: renamed Xuwen. The Han Treatise says: "South of Xuwen in Hepu one enters the sea to Zhuyai commandery — this county." Long Prefecture: Duke of Qingping Li Hongjie sent Gong Guxing of Gong's Datong County to pacify raw barbarians. Zhenguan 12: Long Prefecture established. Tianbao 1: renamed Funan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Long Prefecture. Seven counties and 3,667 households. No border prefectures or capital distances recorded. Funan lies on a great island west of Rinan's southern sea, about 7,000 li from Rinan and 3,000 li west of Linyi; its king sent tribute in Zhenguan, so Long Prefecture was established to settle them. The name was borrowed from afar; not the actual Funan kingdom.
449
州所治
Seat of the prefecture: Longshui.
450
、、、、、，皆與州同置。 環州下，，清平公李弘節開拓生蠻，置環州，以環國為名。 ，改為正平郡。 ，復為環州。 領縣八，無戶口及兩京道里、並四至州府。
Funan, Luolong, Wunan, Wude, and Wulao were all founded with the prefecture. Huan Prefecture (lower grade): Zhenguan 12, Duke of Qingping Li Hongjie pacified raw barbarians and established Huan Prefecture for the Huan kingdom. Tianbao 1: renamed Zhengping commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Huan Prefecture. Eight counties; no households, capital distances, or borders recorded.
451
州所治
Seat of the prefecture: Zhengping.
452
、、、、、、，與州同置。 德化州四月，于安南府西界、牂柯南界置。 領縣二。
Sien, Dumeng, Sitong, Simeng, Siluo, Silao, Sishan, and Sili were founded with the prefecture. Dehua Prefecture: Dazu 1, fourth month, on Annan's western and Zangke's southern border. Two counties.
453
、，與州同置。 郎茫州四月，于安南府西界置，領縣二。
Dehua and Anhua were founded with the prefecture. Langmang Prefecture: Dazu 1, fourth month, on Annan's western border with two counties.
454
、，與州同置。 崖州下，隋珠崖郡。 平蕭銑，置崖州，領舍城、平昌、澄邁、顏羅、臨機五縣。 置都督府，督崖、儋、振三州。 其年，改顏羅為顏城，平昌為文昌。 三年，割儋州屬廣府。 五年，又置瓊州。 十三年，廢瓊州，以臨機、容瓊、萬安三縣來屬。 改為珠崖郡。 復為崖州，在廣府東南。 舊領縣七，戶六千六百四十六。 天寶，戶十一鄉。 至京師七千四百六十里，至東都六千三百里，廣府東南二千餘里。 雷州徐聞縣南舟行，渡大海，四百三十里達崖州。 漢武帝，遣使自徐聞南入海，得大洲，東西南北方一千里，略以為珠崖、儋耳二郡。 民以布如單被，穿中從頭穿之。 民種禾稻、糸甯麻，女子蠶織。 無馬與虎，有牛、羊、豕、雞、犬。 兵則矛、盾、木弓、竹矢、骨鏃。 郡縣吏卒，多侵淩之，故率數歲一反。 昭帝省儋耳，並珠崖。 元帝用賈捐之之言，乃棄之。 唐武德初，復析珠崖郡置崖、儋、瓊、振、萬安五州，於崖州同置都督府領之。 後廢都督，隸廣州經略使。 後又改隸安南都護府也。
Langmang and Dali were founded with the prefecture. Ya Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Zhuyai commandery. After pacifying Xiao Xian: Ya Prefecture set up with Shecheng, Pingchang, Chengmai, Yanluo, and Linji. A protectorate was set up over Ya, Dan, and Zhen prefectures. Same year: Yanluo renamed Yancheng; Pingchang renamed Wenchang. Year 3: Dan Prefecture assigned to Guang Prefecture. Year 5: Qiong Prefecture also established. Year 13: Qiong abolished; Linji, Rongqiong, and Wan'an transferred here. Tianbao 1: renamed Zhuyai commandery. Under Qianyuan it became Ya Prefecture again, southeast of Guang Prefecture. Previously seven counties and 6,646 households. Tianbao: eleven districts. 7,460 li from the capital; 6,300 li from Luoyang; over 2,000 li southeast of Guang Prefecture. From Lei's Xuwen County south by boat across the sea, 430 li reaches Ya Prefecture. Han Wudi sent envoys from Xuwen south into the sea and found a great thousand-li island; he roughly made Zhuyai and Dan'er commanderies. People wore cloth like a blanket with the head through the middle. They planted rice and hemp; women raised silkworms and wove. No horses or tigers; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, and dogs. Weapons were spears, shields, wooden bows, bamboo arrows, and bone heads. Local officials often abused them, so they rebelled every few years. Emperor Zhao abolished Dan'er and merged it into Zhuyai.. Emperor Yuan followed Jia Juanzhi's advice and abandoned the region. Early Tang Wude: Zhuyai split into five prefectures — Ya, Dan, Qiong, Zhen, and Wan'an — with a protectorate at Ya. Later the protectorate was abolished; subordinated to Guang's pacification commissioner. Later transferred again to the Annan protectorate.
455
州所治。 隋舊縣。 其崖、儋、振、瓊、萬安五州，都在海中洲之上，方千里，四面抵海。 北渡海，揚帆一日一夜，至雷州也
Seat of the prefecture: Shecheng. Shecheng: a Sui county. Ya, Dan, Zhen, Qiong, and Wan'an all lie on sea islands a thousand li square, sea on all sides. Sailing north across the sea, one day and one night reaches Lei Prefecture.
456
隋縣
Chengmai: a Sui county.
457
置平昌縣。 改為文昌。 儋州下，隋儋耳郡。 置儋州，領義倫、昌化、感恩、富羅四縣。 ，分昌化置普安。 ，改為昌化郡。 復為儋州也。 舊領縣五，戶三千九百五十六。 天寶，戶三千三百九。 至京師七千四百四十二里。 與崖州同在海中洲上，東至振州四百里。
Pingchang County was established.. Renamed Wenchang. Dan Prefecture (lower grade): the Sui Dan'er commandery. Dan Prefecture set up with Yilun, Changhua, Gan'en, and Fuluo. Wude 5: Pu'an carved out of Changhua. Tianbao 1: renamed Changhua commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Dan Prefecture. Previously five counties and 3,956 households. Tianbao: 3,309 households. 7,442 li from the capital. Like Ya, on a sea island; 400 li east to Zhen Prefecture.
458
本漢儋耳郡城，即此縣。 隋為義倫縣，州所治也
Originally the Han Dan'er commandery city — this county. Sui: Yilun County, the prefectural seat.
459
隋縣
Changhua: a Sui county.
460
新置
Pu'an: newly created.
461
隋之毗善縣。 ，改置。 瓊州本隋珠崖郡之瓊山縣。 ，置瓊州，領瓊山、萬安二縣。 其年，又割崖州臨機來屬。 十三年，廢瓊州，以屬崖州。 尋復置瓊州，領瓊山、容瓊、曾口、樂會、顏羅五縣。 ，改為瓊山郡。 ，復為瓊州。 十月，嶺南節度使李復奏曰：「瓊州本隸廣府管內，乾封年，山洞草賊反叛，遂茲淪陷，至今一百餘年。 臣令判官姜孟京、崖州刺史張少逸，並力討除，今已收復舊城，且令降人權立城相保，以瓊州控壓賊洞，請升為下都督府，加瓊、崖、振、儋、萬安等五州招討遊弈使。 其崖州都督請停。」 從之。 領縣五，戶六百四十九。 兩京與崖州道里相類。 西南至振州四百五十里，與崖州同在大海中也。
Gan'en: the Sui Pishan County. Wude 5: re-established. Qiong Prefecture: originally the Sui Zhuyai commandery county of Qiongshan. Wude 5: Qiong Prefecture set up with Qiongshan and Wan'an. Same year: Linji split from Ya Prefecture and assigned here. Year 13: Qiong abolished and assigned to Ya Prefecture. Soon restored with five counties: Qiongshan, Rongqiong, Zengkou, Lehui, and Yanluo. Tianbao 1: renamed Qiongshan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Qiong Prefecture. Tenth month: Lingnan governor Li Fu memorialized that Qiong originally under Guang fell to mountain-cave rebels in Qianfeng and had remained lost for over a century. I ordered Jiang Mengjing and Zhang Shaoyi to recover the old city; requesting Qiong be promoted to protectorate with a punitive commissioner over Qiong, Ya, Zhen, Dan, and Wan'an. The Ya Prefecture protectorate should be abolished." Approved. Five counties and 649 households. Capital distances similar to Ya Prefecture. 450 li southwest to Zhen; like Ya, in the great sea.
462
州所治。 十一月省容瓊縣併入。 臨高本屬崖州，割屬瓊州。 曾口樂會顏羅後漸析置。 振州隋臨振郡。 置振州。 改為臨振郡。 ，復為振州也。 領縣四，戶八百一十九，口二千八百二十一。 至京師八千六百六里，至東都七千七百九十七里。 東至萬安州陵水縣一百六十里，南至大海，西北至儋州四百二十里，北至瓊州四百五十里，東南至大海二十七里，西南至大海千里，西北至延德縣九十里，與崖州同在大海洲中。
Seat of the prefecture: Qiongshan. Eleventh month: Rongqiong abolished and merged in. Lingao originally under Ya; split off to Qiong Prefecture. Zengkou, Lehui, and Yanluo were gradually carved out later. Zhen Prefecture: the Sui Linzhen commandery. Zhen Prefecture was established.. Tianbao 1: renamed Linzhen commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Zhen Prefecture. Four counties; 819 households and 2,821 people. 8,606 li from the capital; 7,797 li from Luoyang. 160 li east to Wan'an's Lingshui; south to the sea; 420 li northwest to Dan; 450 li north to Qiong; 27 li southeast to the sea; 1,000 li southwest to the sea; 90 li northwest to Yande; like Ya, on a sea island.
463
州所治。 隋舊
Seat of the prefecture: Ningyuan. Ningyuan: a Sui county.
464
隋縣
Yande: a Sui county.
465
，分延德置
Wude 5: carved out of Yande.
466
隋縣
Gan'en: a Sui county.
467
新置。 萬安州州與崖、儋同在大海洲中。 唐置萬安州，失起置年月。 ，改為萬安郡。 改為萬全郡。 復為萬安州。 領縣四，無戶口。 西接振州界。 兩京道里，與振州相類也。
Changhua: newly created. Wan'an Prefecture: like Ya and Dan, on a sea island. Tang created Wan'an Prefecture; founding date unrecorded. Tianbao 1: renamed Wan'an commandery. Zhide 2: renamed Wanquan commandery. Under Qianyuan it reverted to Wan'an Prefecture. Four counties; no household figures. Westward it borders Zhen Prefecture. Capital distances similar to Zhen Prefecture.
468
州所治。 ，改為萬全，後復置
Seat of the prefecture: Wanquan. Zhide 2 renamed Wanquan; later restored.
469
、、與州同置。
Lingshui, Zilan, and Fushan were founded with the prefecture.
470
州南渡海，便風十四日，至雞籠島，即至其國。 亦海中之一洲。
South of the prefecture one crosses the sea; with fair winds in fourteen days one reaches Jilong Island — and that country. It too is an island in the sea.
471
振州東南海中之一洲，舟行十日至。
An island in the southeastern sea off Zhen Prefecture; ten days by boat..