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卷三十七 唐書13: 明宗本紀三

Volume 37 Book of Later Tang 13: Mingzong Annals 3

Chapter 37 of 舊五代史 · Old History of the Five Dynasties
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Chapter 37
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1
使 使 使 使使 殿 使 使
On the yiyou new moon of the eighth month of Tiancheng 1 there was a solar eclipse. The ritual offices asked to perform the Wucheng dance at Zhuangzong's libation offering." Approved. Huo Yanwei moved from Yan to Qing as military commissioner. On dinghai Zhuangzong's tablet entered the temple; the court asked to retire the Yizu chamber and Mingzong agreed. An edict barred the long-exiled Dou Luge and Wei Shuo of Ling and He from ever benefiting from amnesty. Their sons Dou Lusheng and Wei Tao were also stripped of former offices and ranks." On renchen prolonged rain canceled court; Mingzong ordered a realm-wide review of prisoners. On jiawu Bian asked that Cao, formerly under it, return to the circuit, and Mingzong agreed. That day an edict said staff judges had once followed their governor out of office. Lately judges had kept their posts after a governor moved. Court appointees would stay; governor-nominated judges would leave with the governor. Formerly only acting grand councillors could nominate judges for scarlet or purple dress; now the same applied without that rank. Defense and training commissioners could not nominate judges below vice director for scarlet robes. Nominated judges and local officials had to file past patents with the memorial. Provisional acting posts had to be stated plainly in the memorial. Regents and acting prefects could not nominate judges. Prefects had to route county nominations through the circuit, not submit them directly. Lately prefectural envoys had invented titles and sought scarlet and purple for staff with no real rank, inviting corruption. Every circuit and prefecture was ordered to follow the edict."
2
殿 使 使使使使 使使 使 使便 便使 使使 使
On dingyou the palace issued thirty-four ivory court tablets to officials who lacked them. On jihai Mingzong held court at Wenhua Hall; officials entered the inner gate for mid-month audience by the new-moon precedent. Gao Jixing of Jingnan asked that the court not appoint prefects to the three gorge prefectures. Youzhou reported Khitan border raids; Mingzong ordered An Shentong of Qi to lead troops against them. On xinchou Fu Xi of Qing became Yan commissioner and Shi Jingrong of Hua became An commissioner. On yisi coin-melting for utensils was banned; raw copper was fixed at 200 cash per jin and wrought at 400, with underpricing punished as counterfeiting. On dingwei the Privy Council submitted rules to stop illegal levies by commissioners and prefects. Prefectural envoys could not add shrinkage to army grain. Personal guards were to come from the army rolls with provincial pay, yet commissioners still kept recruiting beyond quota. Fugitive criminals were enrolling as prefectural followers, seeking posts and bullying commoners; and powerful households were bribing for office. Envoys who taxed people for bogus repairs or private houses were barred, and counties could not accept their levy orders. Prefectures could not buy on credit from merchants and levy at the same time. Violations could be reported; proven cases would bring rewards. The three capitals and all circuits were ordered to enforce the rules."
3
使使 使 便 使 使使
New Qing commissioner Huo Yanwei reported executing Deng prefect Wang Gongyan and eight plotters, including Li Jin and Wang Juhou. In Tongguang Fu Xi had held Qing while eunuch Yang Xiwang as monitor controlled the army. When Zhao Zaili took Wei, Fu Xi marched to attack, but Zhuangzong was seized by mutineers and Fu Xi withdrew. Yang Xiwang sent troops to cut him off; Fu Xi retreated in fear. At Hua Zhuangzong summoned him; Fu Xi came and followed him into Bian. Hearing of the Wei mutiny, Yang Xiwang besieged Fu Xi's family to kill them all. Gongyan, favored by Yang Xiwang, urged him to post trusted troops on all four walls so no one could plot." Yang Xiwang agreed. Gongyan surprised him, surrounded his house, seized Yang Xiwang, and killed him. Gongyan and Li Jin seized the city, memorialized to keep the post, and claimed Fu Xi's rule was unpopular; Zhuangzong named him Deng prefect. Gongyan delayed reporting; Huo Yanwei replaced Fu Xi, gathered troops at Zi, and prepared to advance. At Zi an envoy reached Qing with the court order, and Gongyan set out for his post. Yanwei seized Gongyan at Beihai and beheaded him and his party east of the city. (The 《Zizhi Tongjian》 says Yanwei concentrated at Zi to advance and Gongyan panicked. On yiwei he finally reported to his post. On dingyou Yanwei reached Qingzhou and arrested him.)〉 The ritual offices said that with Zhuangzong enshrined and Yizu retired, the old taboo should yield to the new, but Yizu was not tabooed and needed no death-day incense." Approved. On renzi Liu Xun of Xiang became acting grand tutor; false Shu minister Zhang Ge became crown prince mentor and deputy Three Offices commissioner at Ren Yuan's request.
4
使 使 便使 殿 使 使 西使 使 祿使 {} 使
On the yimao new moon of the ninth month Mingzong returned Bian's Fugou County to Xu. Lou Jiying, former Jiang prefect, became Ji prefect and northern transport commissioner. On jiwei Mingzong visited Zhide Palace and then the home of former Xi prefect Yuan Jianfeng. Mingzong had served under Jianfeng in Taiyuan's inner guard; now Jianfeng lay crippled by stroke, so Mingzong visited to comfort him. On gengshen Yu Chuanmei of Capital Punishments was sent to search three prefectures for maps and archives. Chuanmei, once Wang Yan's retainer, had family in Chengdu and claimed the city still held Tang Veritable Records; his mission brought back only nine reigns' records and damaged old texts. On guihai, Yingsheng day, officials held a feast at Jing'ai Temple and summoned clergy to Zhongxing Hall by recent precedent. On wuchen false Shu minister Zhang Yifan became War minister emeritus. Yu Ye of Capital Punishments asked to forbid contracts selling free persons, and Mingzong agreed. On guiyou Ma Yin of Chu was advanced to acting grand preceptor and grand secretariat director. Qian Yuanguan of Liangzhe received added fief income. Qian Yuanliao of central Wu gained opening-office rank and added fief income. On jiaxu Ma Gai, former Dai prefect, became Left Guard upper general emeritus. On jimao Luo Zhoujing of Palace Supplies became Right Golden Crow great general and street commissioner. On xinsi Yuan Yan, former Fu prefect, became Tang prefect. An edict praised Fengxiang commissioner Li Yan, a kinsman by marriage, for loyalty on the frontier. As one who shored up the realm, he deserved new honors. Mingzong would exalt kinship and honor him as an imperial nephew. The character "Cong" was to be added before his given name." On guiwei officials lined up at Zhang Quanyi's house to mourn before his burial on the second of the next month.
5
綿 殿 殿 使使使 使 使
On the jiashen new moon of the tenth month Mingzong granted graded winter robes to officials. Lately only close attendants and chief ministers had received winter dress in the tenth month. Mingzong asked Three Offices commissioner Ren Yuan, "Have the officials left yet?" Ren Yuan said the old court had clothed all officials in spring and winter. Since the wars the throne could not afford to clothe everyone. Only inner ministers were clothed now, not the outer ranks." Mingzong said, "Outer officials are my ministers too—plan for them." Ren Yuan and An Chonghui then fixed graded seasonal grants that became permanent practice. Cao Cong asked that on new-moon, full-moon, and fifth-day audiences officials of the ministries and temples rotate presenting sealed memorials." Approved. Kong Zhuang asked that local punishments follow the old code again after years of wartime irregularity." On bingxu Lu Wenji asked annual review for all officials, with generals and ministers promoted or demoted by imperial rescript after Secretariat discussion." Approved. On dinghai Li Beiwan of Qiong sent tribal envoys Chuan Neng and He Hua to audience at Wenhua Hall, and the court congratulated. On gengyin Li Yan of Guest Reception became Si defense commissioner and Li Ling of Heyang became crown prince mentor. On renchen Mao Zhang moved from Bin to Lu. Ba reported joined-eared auspicious grain. On jiawu Yuan Jianfeng, former Xi prefect, was named acting Hong commissioner in absentia.
6
使 使 西 殿殿 使使使
On gengzi Youzhou said Khitan Ping commander and false Youzhou commissioner Lu Wenjin had defected with his people, and the court congratulated. On xinchou Khitan envoys announced mourning for ruler Ambaqian, who had died on the twenty-seventh of the seventh month. An edict said Mingzong had lately taken the throne and sought harmony between Chinese and barbarians. The Khitan had long exchanged envoys; hearing of Ambaqian's death, Mingzong suspended court on the nineteenth." On bingwu Li Beiwan became Pacification-Remote general and Wudeng Biaosha of the Qiongchuan clans became Pacification-Distant general. On dingwei Youzhou said Lu Wenjin's defectors with their herds stretched seventy li west of Ping. On gengxu Lu Wenji became censor-in-chief after Li Qi three times asked to resign the post. Liu Yue moved from War to Personnel; Feng Dao from Revenue to War while keeping Duanming Hall; Zhao Feng from drafting to Revenue while keeping Duanming—all at rank. On renzi Ma Yin of Jingjiang and Guizhou—acting Grand Preceptor, Secretariat director, and Prince of Fufeng—gained fief and enfeoffment; Ma Xizhen of Li-Lang—acting Grand Tutor and Palace Attendant—became acting Grand Guardian. Lu Wenjin reached Youzhou and sent a staff officer with a memorial to court.
7
使 退 使 殿 便 使使 使 西使 使
On wuwu in the eleventh month Wang Jingzhan, Cangzhou deputy regent, became Xing military commissioner. Qingzhou relayed Dengzhou's report: the Khitan had attacked Bohai; after Abaoji died they pulled back but left troops at Fuyu; the Bohai king's brother now besieged the Khitan there. On jiwei Liu Gou—Hanlin academician, Master of Writing, Revenue director, and edict drafter—became Secretariat drafting officer at rank. On xinyou former Secretariat vice director Wen Nian became crown prince mentor. On renxu Zhu Han, former Fang prefect, became Ying training commissioner. That day an edict said: "Monasteries already built by today must not be torn down; from now on none may be built without leave. Anyone entering the clergy must take ordination at the official altar—private tonsure is forbidden. 」On guichou, the winter solstice, Mingzong received court at Wenhua Hall with full guard and insignia. Vice Minister of Rites Pei Hao said: "Circuit prefects should finish three reviews before seeking transfer. 」An edict said: "Reward those with a reputation for good rule; replace those without measurable results at once. 」Mizhou presented lingzhi. On gengwu Xia Luqi of Heyang moved to Xu; deputy regent Liang Hanyuan became Bin military commissioner. Yang Pu of Huainan sent envoys with tribute to congratulate the throne. On yihai Zhang Wen, former Zhenwu deputy regent, became Li Zhaowu deputy regent; Sun Duo of Guo became Han prefect and western Shu horse-and-foot commander. On renwu Qian Yuanqiu of Jinghai and Annan—acting Grand Guardian and Palace Attendant—gained open-office rank and added fief. On guimou Zhenzhou reported that per edict Lu Wenjin's submitting households had three years' tax remitted and five dou of grain per person.
8
使使 祿使 使
On wuzi in the twelfth month Lu Wenjin and over four hundred officers were received; saddles, horses, belts, robes, goods, and cash and silk were given by rank. An edict said: "I have restored the mandate and set the royal house right. The myriad states gather—all lie within my light; the eight reaches, far and near, all rest under heaven's canopy. How much more Yunnan, long under the true calendar; when false Shu fell I meant to renew old favor—regard was deep, yet I had not yet found leisure to grant it fully. Hundred-bands chief Li Beiwan, six-surname Man chief Wu Deng Biaosha, and others are wise and brave by nature and inherit loyal service; the ladder-road has only just opened and tribute already arrives. They led their tribes in full sincerity, showing hearts turned to the court and deeply deserving reward for attendance. Now each receives national favor and princely enfeoffment. Qiong prefect Li Ji, great ghost-lord Li Fei, and others—some sent memorials, some came to court—should also receive special offices and rank. Uphold faith and duty and do not fall from the charter; be firm as metal and stone and keep the oath of mountains and rivers. Reverently accept this mandate and preserve it to the end. 」On renchen Mingzong hunted near the capital for the la festival. On jiawu Lu Wenjin, Khitan Lulong commissioner, became acting Grand Guardian, co-equal councilor, and Hua military commissioner. On wuxu an edict strictly forbade illicit coin-smelting. On gengzi the second prince Li Congrong—Gold and Purple Glory grand master and acting Minister of Education—could become acting Grand Guardian, co-equal councilor, Tianxiong commissioner, and Yedu regent. Ma Xifan, Wuan horse-and-foot commander, became Li prefect; Ma Xigao of the Iron Forest command became Heng prefect. On renyin Sun Yue of Ying became acting Grand Guardian for able governance.
9
使使 使
On bingwu the Secretariat said: "By precedent frontier commissioners with co-equal councilor rank who recorded their appointments at the capital hall paid thirty strings of ceremonial money for the Secretariat and the two departments. We ask that each now pay five hundred thousand strings, erect a stone pavilion at the Secretariat with names and appointment dates, and use the rest to repair the Secretariat and the two departments. 」Approved.
10
便
On gengxu the Censorate said: "In the capital wards some artisan and merchant households have maidservants who hang themselves in wells or die unnaturally. Lately every death has been investigated by left and right patrols as long practiced; yet we fear clerks and runners may collude with households and extort. Precedent holds: capital commoners report deaths to prefecture and county; military households to the army patrol; travelers and merchants to Revenue. After each office investigates it reports to the Censorate; on wrongful favor or abuse the Censorate investigates. For households of civil or military officials of the two ranks, the Censorate investigates directly. We ask that from now on all follow this precedent. 」An edict said: "Hereafter deaths among officials of the two ranks and circuit travelers and merchants follow the Censorate's plan. For ward commoners and soldiers, deaths and unnatural maid deaths go to prefecture, county, and army patrol jointly, without clerks extorting bereaved households. In summer corpses may not keep; waiting for report and investigation costs time even without extortion. Hereafter let the household call four neighbors; if nothing else is amiss, bury at once. If abuse or false guarantee later comes to light and investigation proves it, household, neighbors, and guarantors alike are punished. We hear circuits investigate ward deaths through branch patrol offices, causing delay and complaint—order the capital rule applied there as well.
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