1
開運元年秋七月辛未朔,帝御崇元殿,大赦天下,改天福九年為開運元年。 河北諸州,曾經契丹蹂踐處,與免今年秋稅。 諸軍將士等第各賜優給。 諸州率借錢帛,赦書到日,畫時罷征,出一千貫已上者與免科徭,一萬貫已上者與授本州上佐雲。 是日宣赦未畢,會大雷雨,匆遽而罷。 時都下震死者數百人,明德門內震落石龍之首,識者以為石乃國姓,蓋不祥之甚也。 癸酉,以定州節度使馬全節為鄴都留守,加兼侍中; 以昭義節度使安審暉為邢州節度使,加檢校太師。 乙亥,前陜州節度使王周加檢校太尉,改定州節度使; 鄴都留守張從恩改鄆州節度使。 禮官奏:「天子三年喪畢,祫享於太廟,高祖聖文章武明德孝皇帝今年八月喪終畢,合以十月行大祫之禮,冬季祠祭,改薦為祫。」 從之。 丁丑,虞部員外郎、知制誥陶穀改倉部郎中、知制誥,大理卿吳德謙改秘書監致仕。 辛巳,以左龍武統軍李從敏為潞州節度使,天策府都護軍、桂州節度使、知郎州軍事馬希杲加檢校太師。 壬午,降金州為防禦州,降萊州為刺史州。 戶部侍郎田敏改兵部侍郎; 刑部侍郎李祥改尚書右丞; 以潁州團練使馮玉為戶部侍郎,充端明殿學士; 中書舍人趙上交改刑部侍郎。 己丑,以樞密使、中書令桑維翰充宏文館大學士,太子太傅、譙國公劉句為守司空兼門下侍郎平章事、監修國史、判三司,宰臣李崧、和凝進封爵邑。 庚寅,宣徽北院使劉繼勛改宣徽南院使,三司使董遇改宣徽北院使。 辛卯,以前陜州節度使石赟為鄧州節度使。 同州節度使李承福卒,贈太傅。
On the first day of the seventh month in autumn of Kaiyun 1, xinwei, the Emperor held court in Chongyuan Hall, granted a general amnesty, and renamed the ninth year of Tianfu as the first year of Kaiyun. All prefectures in Hebei that had been ravaged by the Khitan were granted exemption from this year's autumn tax. Soldiers and officers in the various armies received graded bonuses according to merit. Forced loans of cash and silk levied by the prefectures were to stop the moment the amnesty arrived; contributors of a thousand strings or more were freed from labor corvée, and those of ten thousand strings or more were to receive senior associate appointments in their home prefecture. That day the amnesty proclamation had not yet finished when a violent thunderstorm broke out, and the ceremony was cut short in haste. Several hundred people in the capital were killed by the earthquake, and inside the Gate of Virtuous Clarity the head of a stone dragon was shaken loose; the learned took stone to be the dynastic surname of the house—a dire omen indeed. On guiyou, Ma Quanjie, military governor of Dingzhou, was appointed military commissioner of Yedu and concurrently Vice Grand Counselor; An Shenhui, military governor of Zhaoyi, was transferred to Xingzhou as military governor and given the honorary title of Grand Preceptor. On yihai, Wang Zhou, former military governor of Shaanzhou, was made honorary Grand Marshal and appointed military governor of Dingzhou; Zhang Cong'en, military commissioner of Yedu, became military governor of Yanzhou. The ritual officials reported: "When the Son of Heaven completes three years of mourning, he offers the he sacrifice in the Grand Temple. Mourning for Emperor Gaozu, the Sagely, Cultured, Martial, and Virtuously Bright Filial Emperor, ends this eighth month; the great he rite should be held in the tenth month, and the winter seasonal sacrifices should be changed from jian to he." The court approved. On dingchou, Tao Gu moved from Vice Director of Parks and Forests with edict-drafting duties to Director of the Bureau of Granaries while retaining his drafting post; Wu Deqian, Director of the Court of Judicial Review, became Director of the Palace Library and retired. On xinsi, Li Congmin, commander of the Left Dragon Martial Army, was appointed military governor of Luzhou; Ma Xigao, Protector-General of the Heavenly Stratagem Office and military governor of Guizhou with charge of Langzhou, received the honorary title of Grand Preceptor. On renwu, Jinzhou was downgraded to a defense command and Laizhou to a standard prefecture. Tian Min, Vice Minister of Revenue, became Vice Minister of War; Li Xiang, Vice Minister of Justice, was made Right Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs; Feng Yu, regimental commissioner of Yingzhou, was appointed Vice Minister of Revenue and Academician of the Duanming Hall; Zhao Shangjiao, Attendant Drafting Secretary of the Secretariat, became Vice Minister of Justice. On jichou, Sang Weihan, Commissioner of Military Affairs and Grand Counselor, became Grand Academician of the Hongwen Institute; Liu Gou, Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent and Duke of Qiao, was named Acting Minister of Works with concurrent posts as Vice Director of the Chancellery, Grand Councilor, Supervisor of the National History, and Controller of the Three Commissions; chief ministers Li Song and He Ning received promotions in rank and fief. On gengyin, Liu Jixun moved from the North to the South Court of the Palace Secretariat; Dong Yu, Commissioner of the Three Commissions, took over the North Court post. On xinmao, Shi Yun, former military governor of Shaanzhou, was appointed military governor of Dengzhou. Li Chengfu, military governor of Tongzhou, died and was posthumously honored as Grand Tutor.
2
八月辛丑,命十五將以禦契丹, 〈(《東都事略·範質傳》:晉出帝命十五將出征。 是夕,質宿直,出帝命諸學士分草制,質曰:「宮城已閉,慮泄機事。」 遂獨為之。)〉 北京留守劉知遠充北面行營都統,鎮州節度使杜威充北面行營都招討使,鄆州節度使張從恩充馬步軍都監,西京留守景延廣充馬步軍都排陣使,徐州節度使趙在禮充馬步軍都虞候,晉州節度使安叔千充馬步軍左廂排陣使,前兗州節度使安審信充馬軍右廂排陣使,河中節度使安審琦充馬步軍都指揮使,河陽節度使符彥卿充馬軍左廂都指揮使,滑州節度使皇甫遇充馬步軍右廂都指揮使,右神武統軍張彥澤充馬軍排陣使,滄州節度使王廷胤充馬軍左廂都指揮使,陜州節度使宋彥筠充步軍右廂都指揮使,前金州節度使田武充步軍左廂排陣使,左神武統軍潘環充步軍右廂排陣使。 壬寅,閩王王延羲為其下連重遇、朱文進所害,眾推文進知留後事,稱天福年號,間道以聞。 甲辰,太子少傅盧文紀改太子太傅,太子少保李麟改太子太保,刑部尚書李懌改戶部尚書,給事中司徒詡改右散騎常侍,以府州刺史折從阮為安北都護,充振武節度使。 是夜,熒惑入南斗。 乙巳,詔復置明經、童子二科。 己酉,以鄧州節度使王令溫為延州節度使。 癸丑,以威武軍兵馬留後、權知閩國事朱文進為檢校太傅、福州威武軍節度使,知閩國事。 癸亥,升澶州為節鎮,以鎮寧為軍額,割濮州為屬郡。 甲子,以延州節度使史威為澶州節度使。
In the eighth month, on xinchou, fifteen generals were ordered to take the field against the Khitan, (From the 《Outline History of the Eastern Capital》 · Biography of Fan Zhi: The Deposed Emperor of Jin ordered fifteen generals on campaign. That night Fan Zhi was on palace duty. The Deposed Emperor told the academicians to divide the drafting of the edicts among themselves, but Fan Zhi said, "The palace gates are shut—we must not risk leaking military secrets." He therefore drafted them all himself.)〉 Liu Zhiyuan, military commissioner of the Northern Capital, became overall commander of the northern campaign; Du Wei of Zhenzhou, overall commander for suppression; Zhang Cong'en of Yanzhou, overall supervisor of horse and foot; Jing Yanguang, military commissioner of the Western Capital, overall array marshal; Zhao Zaili of Xuzhou, overall deputy commander; An Shuqian of Jinzhou, left-wing array marshal; former Yanzhou governor An Shenxin, right-wing cavalry array marshal; An Shenqi of Hezhong, overall commander of horse and foot; Fu Yanqing of Heyang, left-wing cavalry commander; Huangfu Yu of Huazhou, right-wing horse-and-foot commander; Zhang Yanzhe of the Right Divine Martial Army, cavalry array marshal; Wang Tingyin of Cangzhou, left-wing cavalry commander; Song Yanyun of Shaanzhou, right-wing infantry commander; former Jinzhou governor Tian Wu, left-wing infantry array marshal; and Pan Huan of the Left Divine Martial Army, right-wing infantry array marshal. On renyin, King Yanxi of Min was murdered by his officers Lian Chongyu and Zhu Wenjin; the troops installed Zhu Wenjin as acting military commissioner, proclaimed the Tianfu era name, and sent word by a back channel. On jiachen, Lu Wenji rose from Junior to Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent; Li Lin from Junior to Grand Guardian; Li Yi moved from Justice to Revenue; Situ Xu from Attendant Censor to Right Regular Attendant of the Cavalry; and She Congruan, prefect of Fu, was named Protector-General Pacifying the North and military governor of Zhenwu. That night Mars entered the mansion of the Southern Dipper. On yisi, an edict reinstated the Classicist and Youth examination tracks. On jiyou, Wang Lingwen, military governor of Dengzhou, was transferred to Yanzhou. On guichou, Zhu Wenjin, regent of the Weiwu Army and acting ruler of Min, received the honorary title of Grand Preceptor and was confirmed as military governor of the Weiwu Army at Fuzhou with authority over Min. On guihai, Chanzhou was raised to a full military commission under the army name Zhenning, with Bozhou detached to serve as its subordinate prefecture. On jiazi, Shi Wei, military governor of Yanzhou, was appointed military governor of Chanzhou.
3
九月庚午朔,日有蝕之。 乙酉,以戶部侍郎韋勛為太子賓客,以前棣州刺史段希堯為戶部侍郎,以光祿卿張仁願為大理卿。 己丑,禮部侍郎符蒙卒。 壬辰,太原奏,代州刺史白文珂破契丹於七里烽,斬首千餘級,生擒將校七十餘人。 癸巳,以前隴州防禦使翟光鄴為宣徽北院使。 己亥,以滄州節度使王廷胤卒輟朝,贈中書令。
On the first day of the ninth month, gengwu, the sun was eclipsed. On yiyou, Wei Xun, Vice Minister of Revenue, became Mentor of the Heir Apparent; former Di prefect Duan Xiyao, Vice Minister of Revenue; and Zhang Renyuan, Director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments, Director of the Court of Judicial Review. On jichou, Fu Meng, Vice Minister of Rites, died. On renchen, Taiyuan reported that Bai Wenke, prefect of Dai, had routed the Khitan at Qilifeng, taking more than a thousand heads and seventy-odd officers alive. On guisi, Zhai Guangye, former defense commissioner of Longzhou, was appointed Commissioner of the North Court of the Palace Secretariat. On jihai, court mourning was observed for Wang Tingyin, military governor of Cangzhou, who was posthumously honored as Grand Counselor of the Secretariat.
4
冬十月壬寅,兩浙節度使、吳越國王錢宏佐加守太尉。 庚戌,以徐州節度使、北面行營馬步都虞候趙在禮為北面行營副都統,鄴都留守馬全節為北面行營副招討使。 甲寅,以起居郎、知制誥賈緯為戶部郎中、知制誥。 戊午,詔曰:
In the tenth month of winter, on renyin, Qian Hongzuo, military governor of the Two Zhes and King of Wuyue, received the honorary title of Acting Grand Marshal. On gengxu, Zhao Zaili of Xuzhou, deputy commander of the northern horse-and-foot forces, became deputy overall commander of the northern campaign, and Ma Quanjie, military commissioner of Yedu, deputy commander for suppression. On jiayin, Jia Wei, Recorder of the Heir Apparent with edict-drafting duties, became Director of the Bureau of Household Registers while retaining his drafting post. On wuwu, an edict declared:
5
朕虔承顧命,獲嗣丕基。 常懼顛危,不克負荷,宵分日昃,罔敢怠寧,夕惕晨興,每懷祗畏。 但以恩信未著,德教未敷,理道不明,咎征斯至。
We have reverently received the late emperor's charge and succeeded to the great foundation of the realm. We constantly fear collapse and doubt our strength to bear the burden; from midnight until the sun sets we dare not rest, and waking each evening in vigil and each morning in dread, we live in reverent awe. Yet grace and trust have not been established, virtue and instruction have not spread, the principles of rule remain unclear, and signs of blame have appeared.
6
向者,頻年災沴,稼穡不登,道堇相望,上天垂譴,涼德所招。 仍屬干戈尚興,邊陲多事。 倉廩不足,則輟人之糇食; 帑藏不足,則率人之資財; 兵士不足,則取人之丁中; 戰騎不足,則假人之乘馬。 雖事不獲已,而理將若何! 訪聞差去使臣,殊乖體認,不有敦於勉諭,而乃臨以威刑,自有所聞,益深愧悼。 旋屬守臣叛命,敵騎入邊,致使甲兵不暇休息,軍旅有征戰之苦,人民有飛免之勞,疲瘵未蘇,科徭尚急,言念於茲,寢食何安! 得不省過興懷,側身罪已,載深減損,思召和平? 所宜去無用之資,罷不急之務,棄華取實,惜費省功,一則符先帝慈儉之規,一則慕前王樸素之德。
In recent years disasters and pestilence have recurred, harvests have failed, and corpses line the roads—Heaven's rebuke for our feeble virtue. War still rages and the borders are troubled on every side. When the granaries run short, we seize the people's grain; when the treasury fails, we levy the people's wealth; when troops are lacking, we conscript men from the registers; when war horses fall short, we press the people's mounts into service. Though necessity may excuse these acts, what can be said for the justice of them! We have learned that the envoys we dispatched utterly failed our intent: rather than urging and instructing the people, they met them with harsh punishments. Hearing this ourselves, we are all the more ashamed and grieved. Soon border officials rebelled and enemy horsemen crossed the frontier, so that our armies know no rest, soldiers endure the hardships of campaign, and the people flee like startled game; the sick have not recovered, yet levies press on—at the thought of this, how can we eat or sleep in peace! Must we not examine our faults, turn inward in self-reproach, cut expenditures to the bone, and strive to restore peace? We should cut useless spending, drop nonessential tasks, choose substance over display, and practice thrift—honoring the late emperor's kindness and frugality and emulating the plain virtue of kings of old.
7
向者,造作軍器,破用稍多,但取堅剛,不須華楚; 今後作坊制器械,不得更用金銀裝飾。 比於遊畋,素非所好,凡諸服禦,尤欲去奢,應天下府州不得以珍寶玩好及鷹犬為貢。 在昔聖帝明君,無非惡衣菲食,況於薄德,所合恭行,今後大官尚膳,減去多品,衣服帷帳,務去華飾,在禦寒溫而已。 峻宇雕墻,昔人所誡,玉杯象箸,前代攸非,今後凡有營繕之處,丹堊雕鏤,不得過度,宮闈之內,有非理費用,一切禁止。
Recently the manufacture of arms has cost too much; what we need is strength and durability, not ornament; henceforth workshops must not trim weapons with gold or silver. We have never cared for the chase; for court dress and equipage we especially wish to banish luxury; no prefecture in the realm may present precious curios, playthings, hawks, or hunting dogs as tribute. Sage rulers of old wore plain clothes and ate simple fare; how much more should we of meager virtue do the same! Henceforth the palace kitchens shall serve fewer dishes; clothing, curtains, and hangings shall shed ornament and serve only to keep off cold and heat. Lofty halls and carved walls were condemned by the ancients, jade cups and ivory chopsticks by former ages; henceforth all construction must avoid excessive plaster and carving, and every unreasonable expense within the palace is forbidden.
8
於戲! 繼聖承祧,握樞臨極,昧於至道,若履春冰。 屬以天災流行,國步多梗,因時致懼,引咎推誠,期於將來,庶幾有補。 更賴王公、將相,貴戚、豪宗,各啟乃心,率由茲道,共臻富庶,以致康寧。 凡百臣僚,宜體朕意。
Alas! Having inherited the sacred charge and taken the throne, we are ignorant of the highest Way and tread as upon spring ice. Disasters now ravage the land and the state staggers; in this hour we confess our faults and offer sincere repentance, hoping the future may yet be redeemed. We call upon princes, ministers, noble kin, and great houses to open their hearts, follow this course, and together bring prosperity and peace. Let every official take this edict to heart.
9
十一月壬申,詔曰:「蕃寇未平,邊陲多事,即日雖無侵軼,亦須廣設提防。 朕將親率虎貔,躬擐甲胄,候聞南牧,即便北征,不須先定日辰,別行告諭。 所有供億,宜令三司預行計度,合隨從諸司職員,並宜常備行計」云。 己卯,以陳州刺史梁漢璋充侍衛馬軍都指揮使。 壬午,以貝州節度使何建為澶州節度使兼北面行營馬軍右廂排陣使,以澶州節度使史威為貝州節度使。 丙戌,以前金州節度使田武為滄州節度使兼北面行營步軍右廂都指揮使,以前相州節度使郭謹為鄜州節度使。
In the eleventh month, on renshen, an edict declared: "The barbarian foe is not yet subdued and the borders remain troubled; though there is no raid today, defenses must be strengthened everywhere. We shall personally lead our armies and don armor ourselves; when word comes that the enemy is driving south, we shall march north at once—no fixed date need be announced in advance. The Three Commissions shall plan all supplies in advance, and every office whose staff will accompany Us shall keep travel arrangements in constant readiness," the edict concluded. On jimao, Liang Hanzhang, prefect of Chen, was appointed overall commander of the palace guard cavalry. On renwu, He Jian of Beizhou became military governor of Chanzhou and right-wing cavalry array marshal of the northern campaign, while Shi Wei of Chanzhou was transferred to Beizhou. On bingxu, former Jinzhou governor Tian Wu was appointed military governor of Cangzhou and overall commander of the northern campaign's right-wing infantry; former Xiangzhou governor Guo Jin became military governor of Yanzhou.
10
十二月己亥朔,幸臯門,射中白兔。 癸丑,福州節度使朱文進加同平章事,封閩國王。 丁巳,青州楊光遠降。 光遠子承勛等斬觀察判官邱濤、牙將白延祚、楊贍、杜延壽等首級,送於招討使李守貞,乃縱火大噪,劫其父處於私第,以城納款,遣即墨縣令王德柔貢表待罪。 楊光遠亦遣節度判官楊麟奉表請死。 詔釋之。
On the first day of the twelfth month, jihai, the Emperor visited Gao Gate and shot a white hare. On guichou, Zhu Wenjin, military governor of Fuzhou, was made Co-Grand Councilor and enfeoffed as King of Min. On dingsi, Yang Guangyuan of Qingzhou surrendered. Guangyuan's sons Chengxun and the rest beheaded the observation commissioner Qiu Tao and the officers Bai Yanzuo, Yang Zhan, Du Yanshou, and others, and sent their heads to Li Shouzhen, the commander for suppression; then they set fires, raised a great uproar, seized their father and held him in a private house, surrendered the city, and dispatched Wang Derou, magistrate of Jimo, to present a memorial awaiting judgment. Yang Guangyuan also sent his aide Yang Lin with a memorial begging for execution. An edict granted him pardon.
11
閏月庚午,以楊承信為右羽林將軍,承祚為右驍騎衛將軍。 皆光遠之子,先詣闕請罪,故特授是官。 癸酉,李守貞奏,楊光遠卒。 初,光遠既上表送降,帝以光遠頃歲太原歸命,欲曲全之,議者曰:「豈有反狀滔天而赦之也!」 乃命守貞便宜處置。 守貞遣人拉殺之,以病卒聞。 乙酉,前登州刺史張萬迪削奪官爵處斬,青州節度判官楊麟配流威州,掌書記任邈配流原州,支使徐晏配流武州。 縱逢恩赦,不在放還之限,並以楊光遠叛故也。 工部尚書、權知貢舉竇貞固奏:「試進士諸科舉人入策,舊例夜試,以三條燭盡為限,天成二年改令晝試,今欲依舊夜試。」 從之。 曲赦青州管內罪人,立功將士各賜優給,青州吏民為楊光遠詿誤者,一切不問。 青州行營招討使、兗州節度使兼侍衛都虞候李守貞加同平章事,副招討使、河陽節度使符彥卿改許州節度使。 丙戌,降青州為防禦使額,以萊州刺史楊承勛為汝州防禦使。 己丑,以工部尚書竇貞固為禮部尚書,太常卿王延為工部尚書,左丞王松為太常卿,以前尚書右丞龍敏為尚書左丞。 癸巳,以前安州防禦使李建崇為河陽兵馬留後,以宣徽使翟光鄴為青州防禦使,以內客省使李彥韜為宣徽北院使。 甲午,以給事中邊光範為左散騎常侍,以樞密直學士、吏部郎中李穀為給事中,依前充職。 是月,契丹耶律德光與趙延壽領全軍入寇,圍恒州,分兵陷鼓城、槁城、元氏、高邑、昭慶、寧晉、蒲澤、欒城、柏鄉等縣,前鋒至邢州,河北諸州告急。 詔張從恩、馬全節、安審琦率師屯邢州,趙在禮屯鄴都。
In the intercalary month, on gengwu, Yang Chengxin was appointed General of the Right Forest of Feathers Army and Chengzuo General of the Right Valiant Cavalry Guard. Both were Guangyuan's sons, who had come to court first to plead guilty; they were therefore specially granted these posts. On guiyou, Li Shouzhen reported that Yang Guangyuan had died. When Guangyuan had submitted his surrender memorial, the Emperor, remembering that he had once submitted at Taiyuan, wished to spare him; but critics said, "How can treason of such magnitude be pardoned!" He therefore ordered Shouzhen to act as he saw fit. Shouzhen had him strangled and reported that he had died of illness. On yiyou, Zhang Wandi, former prefect of Deng, was stripped of rank and executed; Yang Lin, Qingzhou military commissioner, was banished to Weizhou; Ren Miao, chief secretary, to Yuanzhou; and Xu Yan, administrative aide, to Wuzhou. Even future amnesties would not restore them—all on account of Yang Guangyuan's rebellion. Dou Zhengu, Minister of Works and acting chief examiner, reported: "Jinshi and other candidates taking the policy examination formerly tested at night, with a limit of three candles; in Tiancheng 2 this was changed to daytime testing, and we now ask to restore the night examination." The court approved. A partial amnesty was proclaimed for criminals in Qingzhou; meritorious soldiers received generous rewards; and officials and commoners misled by Yang Guangyuan were not prosecuted. Li Shouzhen, commander for suppression at the Qingzhou camp and military governor of Yanzhou with charge of the palace guard, was made Co-Grand Councilor; Fu Yanqing, deputy commander for suppression and military governor of Heyang, was transferred to Xuzhou. On bingxu, Qingzhou was downgraded to a defense command, and Yang Chengxun, prefect of Laizhou, was appointed defense commissioner of Ruzhou. On jichou, Dou Zhengu moved from Works to Rites; Wang Yan from Director of Sacrifices to Works; Wang Song from Left Assistant Director to Director of Sacrifices; and former Right Assistant Director Long Min to Left Assistant Director. On guisi, Li Jianchong, former defense commissioner of Anzhou, became military regent of Heyang; Zhai Guangye, Palace Secretariat commissioner, defense commissioner of Qingzhou; and Li Yantao, commissioner of the Inner Clients Bureau, commissioner of the North Court of the Palace Secretariat. On jiawu, Bian Guangfan, Attendant Censor, became Left Regular Attendant of the Cavalry; Li Gu, Direct Academician of Military Affairs and Director of the Bureau of Personnel, was made Attendant Censor while retaining his former duties. That month Yelü Deguang of the Khitan and Zhao Yanshou invaded at the head of the full army, besieged Hengzhou, and sent detachments to seize Gucheng, Gaocheng, Yuanshi, Gaoyi, Zhaoqing, Ningjin, Puze, Luancheng, Baixiang, and other counties; the vanguard reached Xingzhou, and every prefecture in Hebei sent urgent alarms. An edict ordered Zhang Cong'en, Ma Quanjie, and An Shenqi to take the field and encamp at Xingzhou, while Zhao Zaili encamped at Yedu.
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開運二年春正月戊戌朔,帝不受朝賀,不豫故也。 己亥,張從恩部領兵士自邢州退至相州,人情震恐。 趙在禮還屯澶州,馬全節歸鄴都,遣右神武統軍張彥澤屯黎陽,詔西京留守景延廣將兵守胡梁渡。 契丹寇邢州。 侍衛馬軍都指揮使梁漢璋改鄭州防禦使,典軍如故。 以齊州防禦使劉在明為相州留後。 癸卯,以客省使孟承誨為內客省使。 滑州奏,今月二日至四日,相州路烽火不至。 甲辰,以前汝州防禦使宋光鄴為左驍衛大將軍。 詔青州行營將校,自副兵馬使以上,各賜功臣名號。 乙巳,帝復常膳。 以左武衛上將軍袁{山義}為客省使,上將軍如故。 詔滑州節度使皇甫遇率兵赴邢州,馬全節赴相州。 契丹寇洺、磁,犯鄴都西北界,所在告急。 壬子,王師與契丹相拒於相州北安陽河上,皇甫遇、慕容彥超率前鋒與敵騎戰於榆林店,遇馬中流矢,僅而獲免。 〈(《遼史》:皇甫遇與濮州刺史慕容彥超將兵千騎,來覘遼軍。 至鄴都,遇遼軍數萬,且戰且卻,至榆林店,遼軍繼至,遇與彥超力戰百餘合,遇馬斃步戰,安審琦引騎兵逾水以救,遼軍乃還。)〉 是夜,張從恩引軍退保黎陽,唯留五百人守安陽河橋。 既而知州符彥倫與軍校謀曰:「此夜紛紜,人無固誌,五百疲兵,安能守橋!」 即抽入相州,嬰城為備。 至曙,賊軍萬餘騎已陣於安陽河北,彥倫令城上揚旗鼓噪,賊不之測。 至辰時,渡河而南,悉陣甲騎於城下,如攻城之狀。 彥倫曰:「此敵將走矣。」 乃出甲士五百於城北,張弓弩以待之,契丹果引去。 當皇甫遇榆林戰時,至晚敵眾自相驚曰:「晉軍悉至矣。」 戎王在邯鄲聞之,即時北遁,官軍亦南保黎陽。 甲寅,以河陽留後李建崇為邢州留後,以鳳州防禦使 〈(案:此下有闕文。)〉 為河陽留後。 詔李守貞領兵屯滑州,以宣徽北院使李彥韜權侍衛馬步都虞候。 改諸道武定軍為天威軍。 己未,以前許州節度使李從溫為北面行營都招撫使,以鄆州節度使張從恩權東京留守。 辛酉,相州奏,契丹抽退,其鄉村避寇百姓,已發遣各歸本家營種。 初,帝以不豫初平,未任親禦軍旅,既而張從恩、馬全節相次奏賊軍充斥,恒州杜威告事勢危急,帝曰:「北敵未平,固難安寢,當悉眾一戰,以救朔方生靈。 若宴安遲疑,則大河以北,淪為寇壤矣。」 即日命諸將點閱,以定行計。 辛酉,下詔親征。 誅楊光遠部下指揮使張迥等五人,以戎事方興,慮其扇搖故也。 癸亥,以樞密直學士李穀為三司副使,判留司三司公事。 乙丑,車駕發離京師。 是月,京城北壕春冰之上有文,若大樹花葉,凡數十株,宛若圖畫,觀者如堵。
On the new moon of the first month of spring in Kaiyun 2, wuxu, the Emperor declined the customary court felicitations, being still unwell. On jihai, Zhang Cong'en withdrew his troops from Xingzhou to Xiangzhou, and panic spread among the people. Zhao Zaili fell back to Chazhou; Ma Quanjie returned to Yedu; Zhang Yanzhe, Right Commander of the Spirit Martial Army, was posted at Liyang; and Jing Yanguang, regent of the Western Capital, was ordered to hold Huliang Ford. The Khitan attacked Xingzhou. Palace Cavalry Commander Liang Hanzhang was made defense commissioner of Zhengzhou while keeping his military command. Liu Zaiming, defense commissioner of Qizhou, was appointed regent of Xiangzhou. On guimao, Meng Chenghui, commissioner of the Clients Bureau, was promoted to commissioner of the Inner Clients Bureau. Huazhou reported that from the second through the fourth of the month no beacon signals had come in from the Xiangzhou line. On jiachen, Song Guangye, former defense commissioner of Ruzhou, was appointed Grand General of the Left Victorious Guard. An edict awarded titles of meritorious service to the Qingzhou field officers, from deputy horse-and-arms commander on up. On yisi, the Emperor returned to his normal diet. Yuan [Yi], Senior General of the Left Martial Guard, was appointed commissioner of the Clients Bureau while keeping his rank as senior general. An edict ordered Huangfu Yu, military governor of Huazhou, to march on Xingzhou and Ma Quanjie on Xiangzhou. The Khitan struck Ming and Ci, crossed into Yedu's northwestern marches, and alarms poured in from every side. On renzi, the imperial army and the Khitan confronted each other north of the Anyang River at Xiangzhou. Huangfu Yu and Murong Yanchao led the vanguard against enemy cavalry at Yulin Post; Yu's horse took a stray arrow and he barely got away. (From the 《History of Liao》: Huangfu Yu and Murong Yanchao, prefect of Pu, led a thousand cavalry to scout the Liao forces. At Yedu they encountered tens of thousands of Liao troops and fought their way back. At Yulin Post fresh Liao forces closed in; Yu and Yanchao battled fiercely for more than a hundred bouts. When Yu's horse fell he continued on foot until An Shenqi led cavalry across the river to their aid, and the Liao army withdrew.)〉 That night Zhang Cong'en pulled back to Liyang, leaving only five hundred men to hold the Anyang River bridge. Then Prefect Fu Yanlun and his officers conferred: "Tonight everything is in turmoil and no man's mind is settled. Five hundred exhausted soldiers cannot hold this bridge!" They withdrew at once into Xiangzhou, shut the gates, and made ready to defend the city. At daybreak more than ten thousand enemy horsemen were already formed north of the Anyang River. Yanlun had drums beaten and banners raised on the walls with a great shout, and the enemy could not gauge his strength. By the hour of chen they crossed the river and marched south, drawing up every armored horseman below the walls as though preparing to storm the city. Yanlun said, "These enemies are about to pull away." He sent five hundred armored men out through the north gate with bows and crossbows at the ready; the Khitan, as he had foreseen, withdrew. While Huangfu Yu was fighting at Yulin Post, by evening the enemy ranks panicked one another, crying, "All the Jin armies have come!" The Khitan ruler, then at Handan, heard it and fled north at once; the imperial army likewise fell back south to Liyang. On jiayin, Li Jianchong, regent of Heyang, was appointed regent of Xingzhou, and Fang Tai, defense commissioner of Fengzhou (Note: the original text is missing at this point.)〉 He was appointed regent of Heyang. An edict ordered Li Shouzhen to encamp at Huazhou, and Li Yantao, commissioner of the North Court of the Palace Secretariat, was made acting overall deputy commander of the palace horse and foot armies. The Martial Stability Armies of every circuit were redesignated the Heavenly Majesty Army. On jiwei, Li Congwen, former military governor of Xuzhou, was made overall pacification commander of the northern campaign; Zhang Cong'en, military governor of Yanzhou, was appointed acting regent of the Eastern Capital. On xinyou, Xiangzhou reported that the Khitan had pulled back and that villagers who had fled the raids had been sent home to resume their planting. At first, with his illness only just abating, the Emperor was not yet fit to take personal command; then Zhang Cong'en and Ma Quanjie reported in turn that enemy armies swarmed everywhere, and Du Wei at Hengzhou warned that the crisis was acute. The Emperor said, "The northern foe is still abroad—how can I sleep easy? We must throw every man into one great battle to rescue the people of the north. If we linger in comfort and doubt, everything north of the Yellow River will fall to the invaders." That same day he ordered the generals to muster and inspect the troops and settle the plan of campaign. On xinyou, an edict proclaimed the Emperor's personal expedition. Five commanders who had served under Yang Guangyuan, including Zhang Jiong, were put to death—for war was at hand, and the court feared they might incite mutiny. On guihai, Li Gu, Direct Academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs, was made deputy commissioner of the Three Commissions with charge of capital-side Three Commissions business. On yichou, the imperial procession left the capital. That month, patterns like flowering trees appeared on the spring ice above the capital's northern moat—several dozen in all, as vivid as paintings—and crowds of onlookers filled the streets.
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二月戊辰朔,車駕次滑州。 己巳,渡浮橋,幸黎陽勞軍,至晚還滑州。 以滄州節度使田武充東北面行營都部署。 甲戌,幸澶州,以景延廣為隨駕馬步軍都鈐轄。 丙子,大閱諸軍於戚城,帝親臨之。 戊寅,北面行營副招討使馬全節、行營都監李守貞、右神武統軍張彥澤等以前軍先發。 己卯,以許州節度使符彥卿為北面行營馬軍都指揮使,以左神武統軍潘環為北面行營步軍都指揮使。 辛巳,幸楊村故壘。 符彥卿、皇甫遇、李殷率諸軍進發。 以左散騎常侍邊光範為樞密直學士。 詔河北諸州,應蕃騎經由之地,吏民遭殺害者,委所在收瘞,量事祭奠。 詔恒州杜威與馬全節等會合進軍。 丙戌,幸鐵丘閱馬,因幸趙在禮、李從溫軍。 是日大雪。 戊子,安審琦、梁漢璋領兵北征。 府州防禦使折從阮奏,部領兵士攻圍契丹勝州,降之,見進兵趨朔州。 甲午,以河中節度使安審琦為北面行營馬步軍都虞候,許州節度使符彥卿充馬步軍左廂都指揮使,滑州節度使皇甫遇充馬步軍右廂都指揮使,侍衛馬軍都指揮使梁漢璋充馬軍左右廂都指揮使,侍衛步軍都指揮使李殷充步軍左右廂都指揮使,左神武統軍張彥澤充馬軍左右廂都排陣使,右神武統軍潘環充步軍左右廂排陣使。 丙申,以端明殿學士、尚書戶部侍郎馮玉為戶部尚書,充樞密使。
On the new moon of the second month, wuchen, the imperial train stopped at Huazhou. On jisi he crossed the floating bridge, went to Liyang to review the troops, and returned to Huazhou that evening. Tian Wu, military governor of Cangzhou, was made overall deployment commander of the northeastern campaign. On jiaxu he proceeded to Chazhou and appointed Jing Yanguang overall controller of the escort horse and foot armies. On bingzi the armies were reviewed in grand array at Qicheng, with the Emperor presiding in person. On wuyin, Ma Quanjie, deputy pacification commander of the northern campaign, Li Shouzhen, overall supervisor of the field headquarters, Zhang Yanzhe, Right Commander of the Spirit Martial Army, and others marched out with the vanguard. On jimao, Fu Yanqing, military governor of Xuzhou, was made overall cavalry commander of the northern campaign, and Pan Huan, Left Commander of the Spirit Martial Army, overall infantry commander. On xinsi he inspected the old fort at Yang Village. Fu Yanqing, Huangfu Yu, and Li Yin advanced with the combined armies. Bian Guangfan, Left Regular Attendant of the Cavalry, was appointed Direct Academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs. An edict to the Hebei prefectures directed that wherever Khitan horsemen had passed, local authorities were to gather and bury officials and commoners who had been slain and perform such mourning rites as the case allowed. An edict ordered Du Wei at Hengzhou to unite with Ma Quanjie and the others and advance. On bingxu he reviewed horses at Iron Mound, then inspected the camps of Zhao Zaili and Li Congwen. That day brought heavy snow. On wuzi, An Shenqi and Liang Hanzhang marched north on campaign. Zhe Congruan, defense commissioner of Fuzhou, reported that he had besieged the Khitan at Shengzhou, taken it, and saw the advancing army pressing toward Shuozhou. On jiawu, An Shenqi, military governor of Hezhong, became overall deputy commander of the northern campaign horse and foot; Fu Yanqing of Xuzhou, overall commander of the left wing; Huangfu Yu of Huazhou, overall commander of the right wing; Palace Cavalry Commander Liang Hanzhang, overall commander of both cavalry wings; Palace Infantry Commander Li Yin, overall commander of both infantry wings; Left Spirit Martial Commander Zhang Yanzhe, overall array marshal of both cavalry wings; and Right Spirit Martial Commander Pan Huan, array marshal of both infantry wings. On bingshen, Feng Yu, Direct Academician of the Duanming Hall and Vice Minister of Revenue, was promoted to Minister of Revenue and appointed military affairs commissioner.
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三月戊戌,契丹陷祁州,刺史沈斌死之。 乙巳,左補闕袁範先陷契丹,自賊中逃歸。 杜威奏,與李守貞、馬全節、安審琦、皇甫遇部領大軍赴定州。 易州刺史安審約奏,二月三日夜,差壯丁斫敵營,殺敵十餘人。 是日,以符彥卿為北面行營馬步軍左右廂都排陣使,以皇甫遇為北面行營馬步軍左廂排陣使,以王周為馬步軍右廂排陣使。 丁未,畋於戚城,還幸景延廣、安審信軍。 庚戌,王師攻泰州,刺史晉庭謙以城降。 易州奏,郎山塞將孫方簡破契丹千餘人,斬蕃將諧裏相公,擄其妻以獻。 甲寅,杜威奏,收復滿城,獲契丹首領沒剌相公,並蕃漢兵士二千人。 以前戶部尚書李懌為兵部尚書。 乙卯,杜威奏,收復遂城。 丙辰奏,大軍自遂城卻退至滿城。 時賊將趙延壽部曲來降,言:「契丹主昨至古北口,幽州走報,漢軍大下,收卻泰州。 尋下令諸部,令輜重入塞,輕騎卻回。 戎王率五萬餘騎,來勢極盛,明日前鋒必至,請為之備。」 杜威、李守貞謀曰:「我師糧運不繼,深入賊疆,而逢大敵,亡之道也。 不如退還泰州,觀其兵勢強弱而禦之。」 軍士皆以為然。 是日,還滿城。 丁巳,至泰州。 戊午,契丹前鋒已至。 己未,大軍發泰州而南,契丹踵其後。 是日,次陽城。 庚申,敵騎如墻而來,我步軍為方陣以禦之。 選勁騎擊賊,鬥二十餘合,南行十餘里,賊勢稍卻,渡白溝而去。 辛酉,杜威召諸將議曰:「戎首自來,實為敵,若不血戰,吾輩何以求免。」 諸將然之。 是日,敵騎還繞官軍,相去數里。 明日,我軍成列而行,蕃漢轉鬥,殺聲震地,才行十餘里,軍中人馬饑乏。 癸亥,大軍至白團衛村下營。 人馬俱渴,營中掘井,及水輒壞,兵士取其泥絞汁而飲。 敵眾圍繞,漸束其營。 〈(《宋史·藥元福傳》:晉師列方陣,設拒馬為行寨,契丹以奇兵出陣後,斷糧道。)〉 是日,東北風猛,揚塵折樹。 契丹主坐車中謂眾曰:「漢軍盡來,只有此耳,今日並可生擒,然後平定天下。」 令下馬拔鹿角,飛矢雨集。 軍士大呼曰:「招討使何不用軍,而令士卒虛死!」 諸將鹹請擊之。 杜威曰:「俟風勢稍慢,觀其進退。」 守貞曰:「此風助我也。 彼眾我寡,黑風之內,莫測多少,若候風止,我輩無噍類矣。」 即呼眾軍齊力擊賊。 張彥澤、符彥卿、皇甫遇等率騎奮擊,風勢尤猛,沙塵如夜,敵遂大敗。 〈(《宋史·符彥卿傳》:時晉師居下風,將戰,弓弩莫施。 彥卿謂張彥澤、皇甫遇曰:「與其束手就擒,曷若死戰,然未必死。」 彥澤然之,遂潛兵尾其後,順風擊之,契丹大敗。 又,《藥元福傳》:守貞與元福謀曰:「軍中饑渴已甚,若候風反出戰,吾屬為虜矣。 彼謂我不能逆風以戰,宜出其不意以擊之,此兵家之奇也。」 元福乃率麾下開拒馬出戰,諸將繼至,契丹大敗。)〉 時步騎齊進,追襲二十餘里。 至陽城東,賊軍稍稍成列,我騎復擊之,乃渡河而去。 守貞曰:「今日危急極矣,幸諸君奮命,吾事獲濟。 兩日以來,人馬渴乏,今吃水之後,腳重難行,速宜收軍定州,保全而還,上策也。」 由是諸將整眾而還。 是時,契丹主坐車中,及敗走,車行十餘里,追兵既急,獲一橐駝,乘之而走。 乙丑,杜威等大軍自定州班師入恒州。
In the third month, on wuxu, the Khitan took Qizhou; Prefect Shen Bin died defending it. On yisi, Left Remonstrance Official Yuan Fanxian, who had earlier been taken by the Khitan, fled from the enemy camp and returned. Du Wei reported that he was marching the main army toward Dingzhou with Li Shouzhen, Ma Quanjie, An Shenqi, and Huangfu Yu. An Shenyao, prefect of Yizhou, reported that on the third night of the second month he had sent stout men to raid the enemy camp and killed more than ten men. That day, Fu Yanqing was made overall array marshal of both horse-and-foot wings of the northern campaign; Huangfu Yu, left-wing array marshal; and Wang Zhou, right-wing array marshal. On dingwei he hunted at Qicheng, then inspected the camps of Jing Yanguang and An Shenxin. On gengxu the imperial army attacked Taizhou, and Prefect Jin Tingqian surrendered the city. Yizhou reported that Sun Fangjian, garrison commander at Langshan Pass, had routed more than a thousand Khitan, beheaded the Khitan general Xieli Xianggong, and sent his captured wife as tribute. On jiayin, Du Wei reported the recovery of Mancheng and the capture of the Khitan leader Molie Xianggong along with two thousand Khitan and Han troops. Li Yun, former Minister of Revenue, was appointed Minister of War. On yimao, Du Wei reported the recovery of Suicheng. On bingchen came word that the main army had pulled back from Suicheng to Mancheng. Just then men from the command of the enemy general Zhao Yanshou defected, reporting, "Yesterday the Khitan ruler reached Gubeikou; fugitives from Youzhou brought word that Han armies were marching down in strength and had retaken Taizhou. He then ordered every division to send its baggage back through the passes and pull the light cavalry away. The Khitan ruler is coming south at the head of more than fifty thousand horsemen in overwhelming force; his vanguard will reach us tomorrow—make ready at once." Du Wei and Li Shouzhen conferred: "Our grain cannot keep pace; we are deep in enemy country and now face a massive foe—this is the path to annihilation. Better to fall back to Taizhou, watch the enemy's strength, and meet them from there." The troops all agreed. That day they fell back to Mancheng. On dingsi they reached Taizhou. On wuwu the Khitan vanguard was already on the field. On jiwei the main army marched south from Taizhou with the Khitan treading on its heels. That day they encamped at Yangcheng. On gengshen enemy cavalry closed in like a moving rampart; our infantry drew up in square formation to receive them. Elite cavalry were sent to hit the enemy; after more than twenty clashes and a march of more than ten li southward, the enemy's pressure eased and they crossed the White Ditch and withdrew. On xinyou, Du Wei called the generals together and said, "The Khitan ruler has come in person—this is the enemy himself. Unless we fight to the blood, none of us will get out alive." The generals assented. That day enemy cavalry wheeled around the imperial army, keeping several li away. The next day our army marched in formed ranks; Khitan and Han traded blows until the battle cries shook the ground; after barely more than ten li, men and horses were starving and spent. On guihai the main army made camp below Baituanwei Village. Men and horses were alike parched with thirst; within the camp they dug wells, but the moment water appeared the sides caved in; soldiers squeezed mud and drank the drippings. Enemy forces ringed them in and slowly drew the noose tighter around the camp. (From the 《Song History · Biography of Yao Yuanfu》: The Jin army drew up in square formation and erected caltrop palisades for a marching encampment; the Khitan sent flanking troops around behind the formation and severed the grain road.)〉 That day a violent northeast wind rose, whipping up dust and breaking trees. The Khitan ruler, seated in his carriage, told his host, "Every Han army is here—this is all there is. Today we can take them alive, and then the realm will be ours." He ordered his men to dismount and tear up the antler palisades; arrows fell like rain. The soldiers roared, "Commander for suppression, why will you not commit the army and instead leave the men to die for nothing!" The generals all urged an attack. Du Wei said, "Wait until the wind eases and see whether they advance or retreat." Shouzhen said, "This wind is on our side. They outnumber us, and in this pitch-dark wind no one can tell how many they are. If we wait for the wind to die, none of us will survive." He then ordered the whole army to attack the enemy together. Zhang Yanzhe, Fu Yanqing, Huangfu Yu, and others led the cavalry in a furious charge; the wind howled harder still and sand blotted out the sky like night, and the enemy was routed. (From the 《Song History》 · Biography of Fu Yanqing: The Jin army was downwind, and as battle was joined their bows and crossbows were useless. Yanqing told Zhang Yanzhe and Huangfu Yu, "Better to fight to the death than be taken alive—and we may not die at all." Yanzhe agreed; they sent troops quietly around the enemy's rear and struck with the wind at their backs, routing the Khitan. Also, from the 《Song History》 · Biography of Yao Yuanfu: Shouzhen and Yuanfu conferred: "The troops are starving and parched; if we wait for the wind to shift before fighting, we are finished. They assume we cannot fight into the wind; we should surprise them—classic military audacity." Yuanfu led his men out through the abatis; the other generals joined in, and the Khitan were routed.)〉 Infantry and cavalry pressed the pursuit together for more than twenty li. East of Yangcheng the enemy began to form ranks; our cavalry struck again, and they crossed the river and fled. Shouzhen said, "Today we reached the brink of ruin; thanks to your desperate fighting, we have been saved. For two days men and horses have gone without water; now that they have drunk their fill they are sluggish. We should withdraw quickly to Dingzhou and return intact—that is the wisest course." The generals thereupon reformed their columns and withdrew. The Khitan ruler had been riding in his carriage; when he fled in defeat the carriage covered more than ten li, but as pursuit closed in he seized a Bactrian camel, mounted it, and escaped. On yichou, Du Wei and the main army withdrew from Dingzhou and entered Hengzhou.
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夏四月丙子,以車駕將還京,差官往西京告天地宗廟社稷。 辛巳,駕發澶州。 甲申,至京師,曲赦在京禁囚。 己亥,詔鄴都依舊為天雄軍。 庚寅,河東節度使劉知遠封北平王; 恒州節度使杜威加守太傅; 徐州趙在禮移鎮兗州; 宋州節度使兼侍衛親軍馬步都指揮使高行周移鎮鄆州,侍衛如故; 鄴都留守馬全節改天雄軍節度使; 兗州節度使兼侍衛都虞候李守貞移鎮宋州,加檢校太師兼侍衛親軍副指揮使; 河中節度使安審琦加兼侍中,移鎮許州; 許州節度使符彥卿加同平章事,移鎮徐州; 滑州節度使皇甫遇加同平章事。 壬辰,西京留守景延廣加邑封,改功臣; 泰州節度使侯益移鎮河中; 定州節度使王周加檢校太師。
In the fourth month of summer, on bingzi, as the Emperor was about to return to the capital, envoys were sent to the Western Capital to report to Heaven and Earth, the ancestral temples, and the altars of state. On xinsi, the imperial procession left Chanzhou. On jiashen, the court reached the capital and granted a partial amnesty to prisoners in the capital. On jihai, an edict restored Yedu as headquarters of the Tianxiong Army. On gengyin, Liu Zhiyuan, military governor of Hedong, was enfeoffed as Prince of Beiping; Du Wei of Hengzhou received the honorary title of Acting Grand Tutor; Zhao Zaili of Xuzhou was transferred to Yanzhou; Gao Xingzhou, military governor of Songzhou and overall commander of the palace guard horse and foot, was transferred to Yanzhou while keeping his guard command; Ma Quanjie, military commissioner of Yedu, became military governor of the Tianxiong Army; Li Shouzhen of Yanzhou, deputy commander of the palace guard, was transferred to Songzhou and given the honorary title of Grand Preceptor and the post of Deputy Overall Commander of the palace guard; An Shenqi of Hezhong was made Vice Grand Counselor and transferred to Xuzhou; Fu Yanqing of Xu Prefecture was made Co-Grand Councilor and transferred to Xuzhou; Huangfu Yu of Huazhou was made Co-Grand Councilor. On renchen, Jing Yanguang, military commissioner of the Western Capital, received an enlarged fief and a new merit-title; Hou Yi of Taizhou was transferred to Hezhong; Wang Zhou of Dingzhou received the honorary title of Grand Preceptor.