1
範延光，字子環，鄴郡臨漳人也。 少隸於郡牙，唐明宗牧相州，收為親校。 同光中，明宗下鄆州，梁兵屯楊劉口以扼之，先鋒將康延孝潛使人送款於明宗。 明宗欲使人達機事於莊宗，方難其選，延光請行，遂以蠟書授之。 延光既至，奏莊宗曰：「楊劉渡控扼已定，未可圖也。 請築壘馬家口，以通汶陽之路。」 莊宗從之，復遣歸鄆州。 俄而梁將王彥章攻馬家口所築新壘，明宗恐城中不備，又遣間行告莊宗，請益兵。 中夜至河上，為梁兵所獲，送夷門下獄，榜笞數百，威以白刃，終不泄其事。 復為獄吏所護，在獄半年，不復理問。 及莊宗將至汴城，獄吏即去其桎梏，拜謝而出之，乃見於路側。 莊宗喜，授銀青光祿大夫、檢校工部尚書。 明宗登極，擢為宣徽使。 與霍彥威平青州王公儼，遷檢校司徒。 明宗之幸夷門也，至滎陽，聞朱守殷拒命，延光曰：「若不急攻，賊堅矣。 請騎兵五百，臣先赴之，則人心必駭。」 明宗從其請。 延光自酉時至夜央，馳二百餘里，奄至城下，與賊交鬥。 翌日，守陴者望見乘輿，乃相率開門，延光先入，與賊巷戰，至厚載門，盡殲其黨，明宗喜之。 明年，遷樞密使，權知鎮州軍府事，尋正授節旄，加檢校太保。 長興中，以安重誨得罪，再入為樞密使，加同平章事。 既而以秦王從榮不軌，恐及其禍，屢請外任，明宗久之方許，遂出鎮常山。 清泰中，復詔為樞密使，未幾，出為汴州節度使。 會魏府屯將張令昭逐其帥劉延皓，據城以叛，唐末帝命延光討而平之，遂授鄴都留守，加檢校太師、兼中書令。 門下有術士張生者，自雲妙通術數，當延光微時，言將來必為將相，延光既貴，酷信其言。 歷數鎮，嘗館於上舍，延光謂之曰：「余夢大蛇，自臍入腹，半而掣去之，是何祥也？」 張生曰：「蛇者龍也，入腹為帝王之兆明矣。」 延光自是稍萌僭竊之意。
Fan Yanguang, whose courtesy name was Zihuan, came from Linzhang in Ye Commandery. As a young man he served in the commandery headquarters. When Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang was posted to Xiangzhou, he recruited Fan as a personal guard. During the Tongguang reign, Mingzong marched on Yanzhou. Liang forces camped at Yangliu Ford to block his advance, while the vanguard commander Kang Yanxiao secretly sent envoys to pledge allegiance to Mingzong. Mingzong needed someone to carry urgent intelligence to Zhuangzong but could not settle on a courier. Yanguang volunteered for the mission and was given a dispatch sealed in wax. Once he arrived, Yanguang reported to Zhuangzong: "The Yangliu crossing is already firmly held. It cannot be taken by force. I ask that we build a fort at Majiakou to open a route toward Wenyang. Zhuangzong agreed and sent him back to Yanzhou. Soon afterward the Liang general Wang Yanzhang attacked the new fort at Majiakou. Fearing the city was unprepared, Mingzong again sent a secret courier to Zhuangzong asking for more troops. He reached the river in the middle of the night and was captured by Liang troops. They sent him to prison at Yimen, flogged him hundreds of times, and threatened him with drawn swords, but he never revealed what he knew. The prison officials shielded him as well, and for half a year he was left in custody without further questioning. When Zhuangzong was approaching Bian, the jailers removed his shackles, bowed in gratitude, and released him. He was found waiting by the roadside. Zhuangzong was delighted and appointed him Silver-Gleam Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and acting Minister of Works. After Mingzong took the throne, he was promoted to Commissioner of the Palace Secretariat. Together with Huo Yanwei he suppressed Wang Gongyan in Qingzhou and was promoted to acting Grand Mentor. On Mingzong's visit to Yimen, when he reached Xingyang he learned that Zhu Shouyin was in rebellion. Yanguang said, "If we do not strike at once, the rebels will dig in. Give me five hundred cavalry and let me ride ahead. That alone will terrify them. Mingzong granted the request. From dusk until midnight Yanguang rode more than two hundred li and suddenly appeared beneath the walls, where he clashed with the rebels. The next day the defenders on the walls saw the imperial carriage and opened the gates together. Yanguang entered first and fought the rebels street by street as far as Houzai Gate, wiping out their party. Mingzong was greatly pleased. The following year he was made Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and acting administrator of Zhenzhou. Soon he received a full commission as military governor and the additional title of acting Grand Guardian. During the Changxing reign, after An Chonghui fell from power, he returned to the post of Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and was made Associate Grand Councillor. When Prince of Qin Congrong plotted rebellion, Yanguang feared he would be swept up in the fallout and repeatedly asked for a provincial post. Mingzong delayed a long time before agreeing, and he was sent to govern Changshan. During the Qingtai reign he was recalled as Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, but before long he was posted out as military governor of Bianzhou. When the Weifu garrison officer Zhang Lingzhao expelled his commander Liu Yanhao and seized the city in rebellion, the last Tang emperor ordered Yanguang to suppress him. After the campaign he was made defender of the Ye capital with the additional titles of acting Grand Preceptor and concurrent Director of the Secretariat. Among his retainers was a diviner named Zhang who claimed mastery of occult arts. When Yanguang was still obscure, Zhang predicted that he would one day become a general or chief minister. Once Yanguang had risen high, he trusted Zhang completely. During several provincial postings he once lodged Zhang in his best guest quarters. Yanguang told him, "I dreamed of a great serpent entering my belly through the navel and being pulled out halfway. What does this portend? Zhang replied, "A serpent is a dragon in disguise. For it to enter your belly is plainly an omen that you will become emperor." From that time Yanguang began to entertain thoughts of usurpation.
2
及高祖建義於太原，唐末帝遣延光以本部二萬屯遼州，與趙延壽掎角合勢，及延壽兵敗，延光促還，故心不自安。 高祖入洛，尋封臨清王，以寬其反側。 後延光擅殺齊州防禦使秘瓊，而聚兵部下，復收部內刺史入城，高祖甚疑之，乃東幸夷門。 時延光有牙校孫銳者，與延光有鄉曲之舊，軍機民政，一以委焉。 故魏博六州之賦，無半錢上供，符奏之間，有不如意者，銳即對延光毀之，其兇戾也如此。 初，朝廷遣使封延光為臨清王，因會僚屬，延光暴得疾，伏枕經旬，銳乃密惑群小，召澶州刺史馮暉等，以不臣之謀逼於延光，延光亦惑於術者，因而聽之。 天福二年夏六月，遣銳與暉將步騎二萬，南抵黎陽。 〈（《通鑒》云：延光以馮暉為都部署，以孫銳為兵馬都監。）〉 時銳以女妓十餘輩從之，擁蓋操扇，必歌吹而後食，將士煩熱，睹之解體，尋為王師所敗，賊眾退還鄴城。 高祖繼遣楊光遠討之，延光知事不濟，乃殺孫銳以歸其罪，發人賫表待罪，且邀姑息，高祖不許。 及經歲受圍，城中饑窘，高祖以師老民勞，思解其役，遣謁者入謂之曰：「卿既危蹙，破在旦夕。 能返掌轉規，改節歸我，我當以大藩處之。 如降而殺之，則何以享國？ 明明白日，可質是言。」 因賜鐵券，改封高平郡王，移鎮太平。 延光謂門人李式曰：「主上敦信明義，言無不踐，許以不死，則不死矣。」 因撤去守備， 〈（《通鑒》：延光猶遷延未決，宣徽南院使劉處讓復入諭之，延光意乃決。）〉 素服請降。 及赴汶上，逾月入覲。 尋表請罷免，高祖再三答諭方允，制以延光為太子太師致仕。 居闕下期歲，高祖每召賜飲宴，待之與群臣無間。 一日，從容上奏，願就河陽私邸，以便頤養，高祖許之。 延光攜妻子輦奇貨從焉，每過郡邑，多為關吏所糾。 時楊光遠居守洛下，兼領孟、懷，既利其財，復漸測朝廷密旨，遂奏云：「延光國之奸臣，若不羈縻，必北出塞，南入吳，請召令西都居止。」 高祖允之。 光遠使其子承勛以兵環其第，逼令自裁。 延光曰：「明天子在上，賜金書許我不死，爾之父子何得脅制如此？」 明旦，則以白刃驅之，令上馬之浮橋，排於水中。 光遠紿奏云：「延光投河自溺而死。」 水運軍使曹千獲其屍於郡東繆家灘。 高祖聞之，輟朝二日，詔許歸葬於鄴，仍贈太師。
When Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin raised his banner at Taiyuan, the last Tang emperor sent Yanguang with twenty thousand troops from his command to camp at Liaozhou and coordinate with Zhao Yanshou in a pincer movement. After Yanshou was defeated, Yanguang was ordered back, and he grew uneasy. After Gaozu entered Luoyang, he soon enfeoffed Yanguang as Prince of Linqing to calm his restless mind. Later Yanguang executed Mi Qiong, defense commissioner of Qizhou, on his own authority, gathered troops under his command, and summoned the prefects within his circuit into the city. Gaozu grew deeply suspicious and traveled east to Yimen. At that time Yanguang had a staff officer named Sun Rui, an old fellow townsman to whom he entrusted all military and civil affairs. Not half a coin of tax from the six Weibo prefectures reached the court. Whenever an official report displeased him, Rui would slander the author to Yanguang on the spot. That was how brutal he was. When the court first sent envoys to enfeoff him as Prince of Linqing, he fell suddenly ill while meeting his staff and was bedridden for ten days. Rui secretly stirred up the lesser officers, summoned Cao Prefecture prefect Feng Hui and others, and pressed a treasonous plot on Yanguang, who was also swayed by the diviner and went along. In the sixth month of summer in the second year of Tianfu he sent Rui and Feng Hui south with twenty thousand infantry and cavalry as far as Liyang. (The 《Zizhi Tongjian》 records that Yanguang made Feng Hui overall commander and Sun Rui commander of troops and horses.)〉 Sun Rui traveled with more than ten female entertainers, shaded by parasols and waving fans, and would not eat until musicians had performed. The troops, sweltering in the heat, lost all fighting spirit at the sight. Soon the imperial army defeated them and the rebels fell back to Ye. Gaozu then sent Yang Guangyuan against him. Seeing that the cause was lost, Yanguang killed Sun Rui to shift the blame, sent a memorial accepting guilt, and asked for leniency. Gaozu refused. After a year under siege the city was starving. Gaozu, weary of the campaign and its toll on the people, wished to end it. He sent an envoy who said, "You are already cornered. Defeat will come within days. If you turn back now, change your allegiance, and submit to me, I will give you a major frontier command. If I killed you after you surrendered, how could I hold the realm in honor? In broad daylight you may take this as my pledge. He granted an iron certificate of mercy, changed his title to Prince of Gaoping, and promised to transfer him to Taiping. Yanguang told his follower Li Shi, "Our lord is sincere and keeps his word. If he promises I shall not die, then I shall not die. He then removed the defenses, (The 《Zizhi Tongjian》 adds that Yanguang still hesitated until Liu Churang, commissioner of the southern bureau of the Palace Secretariat, entered again to persuade him, whereupon he made up his mind.)〉 and came out in plain dress to surrender. After he went to Wen Shang, he had an audience more than a month later. Soon he asked to retire from office. Gaozu repeatedly urged him to stay before consenting and appointed him Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent in retirement. He remained at court for nearly a year. Gaozu often summoned him to banquets and treated him no differently from the other ministers. One day he calmly asked permission to retire to his private residence at Heyang for his health. Gaozu agreed. Yanguang took his wife, children, and carts laden with rare goods. At nearly every post along the way barrier officials challenged him. Yang Guangyuan was then left to guard Luoyang while also holding Meng and Huai. Coveting Yanguang's wealth and sensing the court's secret intent, he memorialized: "Yanguang is a traitor to the state. Unless he is restrained he will flee north beyond the frontier or south into Wu. I ask that he be summoned to the western capital. Gaozu agreed. Guangyuan sent his son Chengxun with troops to surround the residence and forced Yanguang to kill himself. Yanguang said, "The enlightened Son of Heaven granted me a golden document promising I would not die. How dare you father and son coerce me like this? At dawn the next day they drove him at sword point onto a pontoon bridge, forced him onto a horse, and pushed him into the river. Guangyuan falsely reported that Yanguang had thrown himself into the river and drowned. Cao Qian, commissioner of water transport troops, recovered his body at Miaojia Shoal east of the prefecture. When Gaozu heard of it he suspended court for two days, permitted burial at Ye, and posthumously granted him the title of Grand Preceptor.
3
延光初為近臣，及領重鎮，禮賢接士，動皆由禮，故甚獲當時之譽。 洎鎮常山日，以部將梁漢塘獲王都名馬，入罪而取之； 在魏州日，以齊州防禦使秘瓊獲董溫琪珠金妓妾，及經其境，復害而奪之。 物議由是減之。 及懼罪以謀叛，復忍恥以偷生，不能引決，遂至強死，何非夫之甚也！
In his early career as a court favorite and later as governor of a major command, Yanguang honored worthy men and received scholars with courtesy. He won great praise in his day. When he governed Changshan he framed his subordinate Liang Hantang for obtaining a famous horse belonging to Wang Du and seized it; at Weizhou he killed Qizhou defense commissioner Mi Qiong, who had seized Dong Wenqi's pearls, gold, and courtesans, when Mi passed through his territory and took them for himself. Public opinion turned against him. When he feared punishment he rebelled, then endured shame to cling to life rather than take his own. He was forced to die in the end. How far he fell short of what a man should be!
4
張從賓，未詳何許人也。 始事唐莊宗為小校，從戰有功。 唐天成中，自捧聖指揮使領澄州刺史，遷左右羽林都校。 從藥彥稠討楊彥溫於河中，平之。 長興中，領壽州忠正軍節度使，加檢校太保、侍衛步軍都指揮使。 從賓素便佞，每進言，明宗多納之。 有供奉官丁延徽者，性貪狡，時奉詔監廩，以犯贓下獄，權貴多為救解，明宗怒，不許。 從賓因奏他事，言及延徽，明宗曰：「非但爾言，蘇秦說予，亦不得也。」 延徽竟就戮。 長興末，從賓出鎮靈武，加檢校太傅。 高祖即位，受代入覲，會駕東幸，留從賓警巡洛下。 一日，逢留司御史於天津橋，從兵百人，不分路而過，排御史於水中，從賓紿奏其酒醉，其兇傲如此。 及範延光據鄴城叛，詔從賓為副部署使，從楊光遠同討延光。 會延光使人誘從賓，從賓時在河陽，乃起兵以應之。 先害皇子重信，及入洛，又害皇子重乂，取內庫金帛以給部伍，因東據汜水關，且欲觀望軍勢。 高祖命杜重威、侯益分兵討之，從賓大敗，乘馬入河，溺水而死焉。
Zhang Congbin's place of origin is not recorded. He first served Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang as a junior officer and distinguished himself in battle. During the Tiancheng reign he rose from commander of the Pingsheng Guard to prefect of Chen Prefecture, then became chief of the Left and Right Forest of Feathers Guards. He followed Yao Yanchou in the campaign against Yang Yanwen at Hezhong and helped suppress the rebellion. During the Changxing reign he served as military governor of the Zhongzheng Army at Shou Prefecture and was given the additional titles of acting Grand Guardian and commander of the palace guard infantry. Congbin was a skilled flatterer, and Mingzong often accepted his advice. A palace attendant named Ding Yanhui was greedy and cunning. While supervising the granaries on imperial orders he was imprisoned for corruption. Many powerful men pleaded for him, but Mingzong refused in anger. Congbin raised another matter and spoke up for Yanhui. Mingzong said, "Even if Su Qin himself pleaded for him, it would do no good. Yanhui was executed in the end. Late in the Changxing reign Congbin was posted to Lingwu as military governor and given the additional title of acting Grand Tutor. When Gaozu took the throne, Congbin was relieved and came to court for audience. When the emperor traveled east, Congbin was left to patrol Luoyang. One day he met the acting censor on Tianjin Bridge. With a hundred followers he refused to yield the road and pushed the censor into the water. Congbin falsely reported that the man was drunk. That was how brutal and arrogant he was. When Fan Yanguang rebelled and held Ye, Congbin was ordered to serve as deputy overall commander under Yang Guangyuan in the campaign against him. Yanguang sent envoys to entice him. Congbin was then at Heyang and raised troops in response. He first killed Prince Chongxin. After entering Luoyang he also killed Prince Chongyi, seized gold and silk from the inner treasury to pay his troops, seized Sishui Pass to the east, and waited to see how the armies fared. Gaozu ordered Du Chongwei and Hou Yi to attack him with divided forces. Congbin was routed, rode his horse into the river, and drowned.
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楊光遠，小字阿檀，及長，止名檀，唐天成中，以明宗改御名為亶，以偏傍字犯之，始改名光遠，字德明，其先沙陀部人也。 父阿噔啜，後改名瑊，事唐武皇為隊長。 光遠事莊宗為騎將，唐天祐中，莊宗遣振武節度使周德威討劉守光於幽州，因令光遠隸於德威麾下。 後與德威拒契丹於新州，一軍以深入致敗，因傷其臂，遂廢，罷於家。 莊宗即位，思其戰功，命為幽州馬步軍都指揮使、檢校尚書右僕射，戍瓦橋關久之。 明宗朝，歷媯、瀛、易、冀四州刺史。 光遠雖不識字，然有口辯，通於吏理，在郡有政聲，明宗頗重之。 長興中，契丹有中山之敗，生擒其將紮拉等數十人，送於闕下，其後契丹既通和，遣使乞歸之，明宗與大臣謀議，特放還蕃。 一日，召光遠於便殿言其事，光遠曰：「紮拉等北土之善戰者，彼失之如喪手足； 又在此累年，備諳中國事，若放還非便。」 明宗曰：「蕃人重盟誓，既通歡好，必不相負。」 光遠曰：「臣恐後悔不及也。」 明宗遂止，深嘉其抗直。 後自振武節度使移鎮中山，累加檢校太傅，將兵戍蔚州。
Yang Guangyuan's childhood name was Atan; as an adult he used only Tan. During the Tiancheng reign, when Mingzong changed his imperial name to Dan, Tan shared a radical component and was taboo, so he took the name Guangyuan, courtesy name Deming. His ancestors were Shatuo. His father Adengchuo later changed his name to Jian and served Emperor Wuzong of Tang as a company commander. Guangyuan served Zhuangzong as a cavalry commander. In the Tianyou era Zhuangzong sent Zhende Army military governor Zhou Dewei against Liu Shouguang at Youzhou and placed Guangyuan under his command. Later he and Dewei fought the Khitan at Xin Prefecture. The army was defeated after advancing too deep, Guangyuan's arm was wounded, and he was invalided out of service and sent home. When Zhuangzong took the throne he remembered Guangyuan's service and appointed him commander of the Youzhou horse and foot armies and acting Right Vice Director of the Secretariat, with a long posting at Waqiao Pass. Under Mingzong he served in turn as prefect of Ji, Ying, Yi, and Ji prefectures. Although Guangyuan could not read, he was eloquent and understood administration. His prefectures earned him a reputation for good government, and Mingzong valued him highly. During the Changxing reign the Khitan suffered a defeat at Zhongshan and dozens of their commanders including Zhala were captured and sent to court. After peace was made the Khitan asked for their return. Mingzong consulted his ministers and was inclined to release them. One day Mingzong summoned Guangyuan to the informal hall to discuss the matter. Guangyuan said, "Zhala and the others are the Khitan's best fighters in the north. Losing them is like losing hands and feet. They have been here for years and know China well. Sending them back would be unwise. Mingzong said, "The Khitan value sworn alliances. Now that we are at peace, they will not betray us." Guangyuan said, "I fear you will regret it when it is too late." Mingzong halted the plan and deeply praised his blunt honesty. Later he moved from the Zhende Army to Zhongshan, was repeatedly promoted to acting Grand Tutor, and led troops garrisoning Yu Prefecture.
6
高祖舉義於太原，唐末帝遣光遠與張敬達屯兵於城下，俄而契丹大至，為其所敗，圍其寨久之，軍中糧絕，光遠乃與次將安審琦等殺敬達，擁眾歸命。 從高祖入洛，加檢校太尉，充宣武軍節度使、同平章事，判六軍諸衛事。 是時，光遠每對高祖，常悒然不樂，高祖慮有不足，密遣近臣訊之。 光遠附奏曰：「臣貴為將相，非有不足，但以張生鐵死得其所，臣弗如也，衷心內愧，是以不樂。」 生鐵，蓋敬達之小字也。 高祖聞其言，以光遠為忠純之最者也。 其實光遠故為其言，以邀高祖之重信也。 明年，範延光據鄴城叛，高祖命光遠率師討之。 將濟河，會滑州軍亂，時軍眾欲推光遠為主。 光遠曰：「自古有折臂天子乎？ 且天子豈公輩販弄之物？ 晉陽之降，乃勢所窮迫，今若為之，直反賊也。」 由是其下惕然，無復言者。 高祖聞之，尤加寵重。 光遠既圍延光，尋授魏博行府節度使。 兵柄在手，以為高祖懼己，稍干預朝政，或抗有所奏，高祖亦曲從之。 復下詔以其子承祚尚長安公主，次子承信皆授美官。 恩渥殊等，為當時之冠。 桑維翰為樞密使，往往彈射其事，光遠心銜之。 及延光降，光遠入朝，面奏維翰擅權。 高祖以光遠方有功於國，乃出維翰鎮相州，光遠為西京留守，兼鎮河陽，因罷其兵權。 光遠由此怨望，潛貯異志，多以珍玩奉契丹，訴己之屈，又私養部曲千餘人，撓法犯禁，河、洛之人，恒如備盜。 尋冊拜太尉、兼中書令。
When Gaozu raised his banner at Taiyuan, the last Tang emperor sent Guangyuan and Zhang Jingda to besiege the city. The Khitan soon arrived in force, defeated them, and besieged their camp for a long time until provisions ran out. Guangyuan then joined his second-in-command An Shenqi and others in killing Jingda and leading the army to submit. He followed Gaozu into Luoyang and was made acting Grand Commandant, military governor of the Xuanwu Army, Associate Grand Councillor, and overseer of the Six Armies and palace guards. At that time Guangyuan often seemed gloomy and unhappy in Gaozu's presence. Gaozu feared something was wrong and secretly sent a close minister to inquire. Guangyuan added to his memorial: "I hold the exalted rank of general and minister and lack for nothing. Yet Zhang Sheng Tie died where he ought — I am not his equal. That shame sits in my heart, and that is why I am unhappy." Sheng Tie" was the childhood name of Zhang Jingda. When Gaozu heard this, he took Guangyuan to be the very model of loyalty and sincerity. In truth Guangyuan had spoken this way deliberately, to win Gaozu's deep trust. The next year Fan Yanguang seized Ye and rebelled. Gaozu ordered Guangyuan to lead an army against him. As he was about to cross the river, the army at Huazhou mutinied, and the troops wanted to make Guangyuan their leader. Guangyuan said, "Since antiquity, has there ever been an emperor with a broken arm? And is the Son of Heaven something for the likes of you to barter and play with? The surrender at Jinyang came only because circumstances left no choice. If you do this now, you are simply turning rebel." At that his men grew fearful, and no one spoke of it again. When Gaozu heard of it, he favored Guangyuan all the more. After Guangyuan besieged Yanguang, he was soon made acting military commissioner of Weibo. With military power in his hands, he believed Gaozu feared him. He began to meddle in court affairs, and when he submitted bold petitions, Gaozu yielded to him. Another edict appointed his son Chengzuo to marry Princess Chang'an and gave his second son Chengxin prestigious offices. The favor shown him was unmatched, the greatest of his day. Sang Weihan, commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, often attacked him on these matters, and Guangyuan nursed a grievance. After Yanguang surrendered, Guangyuan came to court and accused Weihan face to face of monopolizing power. Because Guangyuan had just rendered great service, Gaozu sent Weihan out to govern Xiangzhou, made Guangyuan defender of the Western Capital with concurrent command of Heyang, and thereby stripped him of military authority. From this Guangyuan turned resentful and secretly harbored other ambitions. He often sent rare treasures to the Khitan while complaining of his mistreatment, and privately kept more than a thousand retainers who broke the law with impunity. The people of the Yellow River valley and Luoyang lived as though on guard against robbers. Soon he was appointed Grand Marshal and concurrently Director of the Chancellery.
7
時範延光致仕，輦囊裝妓妾，居於河陽。 光遠利其奇貨，且慮為子孫之讎，因奏延光不家汴、洛，出舍外藩，非南走淮夷，則北走契丹，宜早除之。 高祖以許之不死，鐵券在焉，持疑未允。 光遠乃遣子承勛以甲士圍其第，逼令自裁。 延光曰：「天子在上，安得如此！」 乃遣使者乞移居洛下，行及河橋，擯於流而溺殺之，矯奏雲延光自投河，朝廷以適會其意，弗之理。 後逾歲入覲，高祖為置曲宴，教坊伶人以光遠暴斂重賦，因陳戲譏之，光遠殊無慚色。 高祖謂光遠曰：「元城之役，卿左右皆立功，未曾旌賞，今各與一郡，俾厘任以榮之。」 因命為刺史者凡數人。
At that time Fan Yanguang had retired from office. He moved to Heyang with cartloads of concubines and entertainers. Guangyuan coveted Yanguang's extraordinary wealth and also feared vengeance for his descendants. He memorialized that Yanguang did not live in Bian or Luoyang but had taken up residence outside the capital, and would either flee south to the Huai tribes or north to the Khitan — he should be eliminated at once. Gaozu had promised that Yanguang would not be killed, and the iron certificate of mercy still stood, so he hesitated and would not agree. Guangyuan then sent his son Chengxun with armored troops to surround Yanguang's residence and forced him to kill himself. Yanguang said, "The Son of Heaven is above — how can you do this!" He then sent envoys asking to move to Luoyang. When he reached the river bridge, they pushed him into the current and drowned him, then falsely reported that Yanguang had thrown himself into the river. The court, as this suited their purpose, did not pursue the matter. More than a year later he came to court for an audience. Gaozu held a banquet with music, and musicians from the Directorate of Education performed a skit mocking Guangyuan for his ruthless levies and heavy taxes. Guangyuan showed not the least shame. Gaozu said to Guangyuan, "At Yuancheng, all those at your side rendered service yet were never rewarded. Now each shall receive a commandery, that they may take up office and be honored." Several men were then appointed prefects.
8
時王建立自青州移鎮上黨，乃以光遠為平盧軍節度使，封東平王。 光遠面奏，請與長子同行，尋授承勛萊州防禦使。 及赴任，仆從妓妾至千餘騎，滿盈僭侈，為方嶽之最。 下車之後，惟以刻剝為事。 少帝嗣位，冊拜太師，封壽王。 〈（《宋史·馬仁鎬傳》：晉天福中，青州楊光遠將圖不軌，以仁鎬為節度副使，伺其動靜。 歷二年，或譖仁鎬於朝，改護國軍行軍司馬。 仁鎬至河中數月，光遠反書聞。）〉 後因景延廣上言，請取光遠麾下所借官馬二百匹，光遠怒曰：「此馬先帝賜我，何以復取？ 是疑我也。」 遂遣人潛召取子承祚自單州奔歸，朝廷乃就除淄州刺史，以從其便。 光遠益驕，因此構契丹，述少帝違好之短，且言大饑之後，國用空虛，此時一舉可以平定。
When Wang Jianli was transferred from Qingzhou to govern Shangdang, Guangyuan was made military commissioner of the Pinglu Army and enfeoffed as Prince of Dongping. Guangyuan memorialized in person asking that his eldest son accompany him, and Chengxun was soon appointed defender of Laizhou. When he went to take up his post, attendants and entertainers numbered more than a thousand riders — extravagance beyond all proper bounds, the most excessive of any regional governor. After taking office he devoted himself solely to extortion. When Shaodi succeeded to the throne, Guangyuan was appointed Grand Preceptor and enfeoffed as Prince of Shou. ("History of Song," Biography of Ma Rengao: During the Jin Tianfu era, Yang Guangyuan of Qingzhou was plotting rebellion. He appointed Rengao deputy military commissioner to watch his movements. After two years someone slandered Rengao at court, and he was transferred to military adjutant of the Huguo Army on expedition. A few months after Rengao reached Hezhong, news of Guangyuan's rebellion arrived.)〉 Later Jing Yanguang memorialized asking that two hundred government horses borrowed by Guangyuan's forces be reclaimed. Guangyuan angrily said, "These horses were granted me by the late emperor — why take them back? This means you distrust me." He then secretly sent men to summon his son Chengzuo back from Shanzhou. The court thereupon appointed Chengzuo prefect of Zibo to accommodate him. Guangyuan grew ever more arrogant. He then conspired with the Khitan, recounting Shaodi's breaches of the alliance and saying that after the great famine the treasury was empty — one stroke at this moment could settle everything.
9
開運元年正月，契丹南牧，陷我博陵，少帝幸澶淵。 三月，契丹退，命李守貞、符彥卿率師東討。 光遠素無兵眾，惟嬰城自守，守貞以長連城圍之。 冬十一月，承勛與弟承信、承祚見城中人民相食將盡，知事不濟，勸光遠乞降，冀免於赤族。 光遠不納，曰：「我在代北時，嘗以紙錢駝馬祭天池，皆沈沒，人言合有天子分，宜且待時，勿輕言降也。」 承勛慮禍在朝夕，與諸弟同謀，殺節度判官邱濤，親校杜延壽、楊瞻、白延祚等，梟其首，乃遣承祚送於守貞。 因縱火大噪，劫其父幽於私第，以城納款，遣即墨縣令王德柔貢表待罪，光遠亦上章自首。 少帝以頃歲太原歸命，欲曲全之，執政曰：「豈有逆狀滔天而赦之也？」 乃命守貞便宜處置。 守貞遣人拉殺之， 〈（《歐陽史》：守貞遣客省副使何延祚殺之於其家。 以病卒聞。）〉 漢高祖即位，詔贈尚書令，追封齊王，仍令立碑。 未幾，其碑石無故自折，可知其陰責也。 〈（《五代史補》：楊光遠滅範延光之後，朝廷以其功高，授青州節度，封東平王，奄有登、萊、沂、密數郡。 既而自負強盛，舉兵反，朝廷以宋州節度李守貞嘗與光遠有隙，乃命李討之。 李受詔欣然，志在必取，莫不身先矢石。 光遠見而懼之，度不能禦，遂降。 初，光遠反書至，中外大震，時百官起居次，忽有朝士揚言於眾曰：「楊光遠欲謀大事，吾不信也。 光遠素患禿瘡，其妻又跛，自古豈有禿頭天子、跛腳皇后耶？」 於是人心頓安，未幾，光遠果降。）〉
In the first month of the first year of Kaiyun the Khitan drove south, captured Boling, and Shaodi went to Chanyuan. In the third month the Khitan withdrew. Shaodi ordered Li Shouzhen and Fu Yanqing to lead an army east against Guangyuan. Guangyuan had never commanded many troops and could only hold the city and defend himself. Shouzhen surrounded it with a long linked wall of siege works. In the eleventh month of winter Chengxun and his brothers Chengxin and Chengzuo saw the people in the city eating one another and nearly exhausted. Knowing the cause was lost, they urged Guangyuan to surrender, hoping to spare the whole clan from extermination. Guangyuan refused. He said, "When I was in northern Dai, I once sacrificed paper money, camels, and horses at the Heavenly Pool, and all sank beneath the water. People said I was destined for a Son of Heaven's portion. We should wait for the right moment and not speak lightly of surrender." Chengxun, fearing disaster within days, plotted with his brothers. They killed the military commissioner-assistant Qiu Tao and the personal officers Du Yanshou, Yang Zhan, Bai Yanzuo, and others, displayed their heads, and sent Chengzuo to deliver them to Shouzhen. They then set fires and raised a great clamor, seized their father and confined him in a private residence, and surrendered the city. They sent Jimo county magistrate Wang Derou with a memorial accepting guilt, and Guangyuan also submitted a confession. Shaodi, mindful that Taiyuan had submitted only a few years before, wished to spare Guangyuan if possible. The chief ministers said, "How can treason reaching to heaven be pardoned?" He therefore ordered Shouzhen to dispose of the matter as he saw fit. Shouzhen sent men to strangle him to death, ("History of the Five Dynasties": Shouzhen sent He Yanzuo, deputy commissioner of the Reception Bureau, to kill him in his home. His death was announced as illness.)〉 When Gaozu of Han ascended the throne, he posthumously granted Guangyuan the title of Director of the Department of State Affairs, enfeoffed him posthumously as Prince of Qi, and ordered a stele erected. Before long the stele stone broke in two for no apparent reason — a sign of the hidden reproach upon him. ("Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties": After Yang Guangyuan destroyed Fan Yanguang, the court, honoring his great merit, made him military commissioner of Qingzhou and Prince of Dongping, and he held Deng, Lai, Yi, Mi, and several other commanderies. Then, confident in his strength, he rebelled. Because Li Shouzhen, military commissioner of Songzhou, had once been at odds with Guangyuan, the court ordered Li to attack him. Li received the order gladly, resolved to take Guangyuan, and always placed himself ahead amid arrows and stones. Guangyuan saw this and was afraid. Judging that he could not hold out, he surrendered. When Guangyuan's letter of rebellion first arrived, court and country were greatly shaken. During the daily audience of the hundred officials, a court gentleman suddenly declared aloud, "Yang Guangyuan is plotting a great rebellion — I do not believe it. Guangyuan has long suffered from bald sores, and his wife is lame — since antiquity, has there ever been a bald Son of Heaven or a lame empress?" At that the people's hearts were instantly calmed. Before long Guangyuan did indeed surrender.)〉
10
承勛，光遠之長子也。 始名承貴，避少帝名改焉。 以父蔭歷光、濮州刺史，光遠兼鎮河陽，命制置三城事。 光遠移鎮青州，授萊州防禦使。 在郡亦頗理，嘗憤父側之奸黨，欲殺之，每省父，父為匿焉。 及光遠構釁，嬰城以叛，承勛赴之，敵退，為王師所圍。 逾歲糧盡，與其弟承祚背父之命，出降王師，朝廷授汝州防禦使，尋改鄭州。 〈（《宋史·楊承信傳》：光遠死，承信與弟承祚詣闕請死。 詔釋之，以承信為右羽林將軍，承祚為右驍衛將軍，放歸，服喪私第，尋安置鄭州。）〉 及契丹入汴，遣騎士自圃田召至，責其害父背己，使臠其肉而殺之。 以其弟承信為青州節度使。
Chengxun was Guangyuan's eldest son. His original name was Chenggui; he changed it to avoid the taboo on Shaodi's name. Through his father's privilege he served successively as prefect of Guang and Pu. When Guangyuan concurrently governed Heyang, Chengxun was ordered to manage affairs of the Three Cities. When Guangyuan transferred to Qingzhou, Chengxun was appointed defender of Laizhou. In the commandery he also governed fairly well. He once grew angry at the villainous faction surrounding his father and wished to kill them, but each time he visited his father, his father hid them away. When Guangyuan provoked conflict and held the city in rebellion, Chengxun went to join him. The enemy withdrew, and they were surrounded by the imperial army. After more than a year the grain ran out. Together with his brother Chengzuo he defied his father's command, went out, and surrendered to the imperial army. The court appointed him defender of Ruzhou, then soon transferred him to Zhengzhou. ("History of Song," Biography of Yang Chengxin: When Guangyuan died, Chengxin and his brother Chengzuo went to court to beg for death. An edict released them. Chengxin was made general of the Right Feathered Forest and Chengzuo general of the Right Valiant Cavalry Guard. They were sent home to mourn in their private residence and were soon settled at Zhengzhou.)〉 When the Khitan entered Bian, they sent horsemen from Putian to summon him, rebuked him for killing his father and betraying them, had his flesh carved away piece by piece, and killed him. His brother Chengxin was made military commissioner of Qingzhou.
11
盧文進，字國用，范陽人也。 身長七尺，飲啖過人，望之偉如也。 少事劉守光為騎將，唐莊宗攻燕，以文進首降，遙授壽州刺史。 初，莊宗得山後八軍，以愛弟存矩為新州圍練使以總領之。 莊宗與劉鄩對壘於莘縣，命存矩於山後召募勁兵，又命山北居民出戰馬器仗，每鬻牛十頭易馬一匹，人心怨咨。 時存矩團結五百騎，令文進將之，與存矩俱行。 至祁溝關，軍士聚謀曰：「我輩邊人，棄父母妻子，為他血戰，千里送死，固不能也。」 眾曰：「擁盧將軍卻還新州，據城自守，奈我何！」 因大呼揮戈，趣傳舍，害存矩於榻下。 文進撫膺曰：「奴輩累我矣。」 因環屍而泣曰：「此輩既害郎君，我何面目見王！」 〈（案《遼史》：存矩取文進女為側室，文進心常內愧，因與亂軍殺存矩。）〉 與薛史異因為亂軍所擁。 反攻新州，不克； 〈（馬令《南唐書》：文進攻新州，不克，夜走墜塹，一躍而出，明日視之，乃郡之黑龍潭也，絕岸數丈，深不可測。 又嘗有大蛇，徑至座間，引首及膝，文進取食飼之而去。 由是自負。）〉 又攻武州，又不利。 周德威命將追討，文進遂奔契丹，命為幽州兵馬留後，部分漢軍，常別為營寨。 未幾，文進引契丹寇新州。 自是北師數至，驅擄數州士女，教其織纴工作，中國所為者悉備，契丹所以強盛者，得文進之故也。 〈（案《遼史》云：文進引契丹軍攻新州，刺史安金全不能守，棄城去。 周德威援之，進攻新州，契丹眾數萬，德威不勝，大敗奔歸。 文進與契丹攻幽州，且二百日，城中圍困，晉王親將兵救之，方始解去。 契丹以文進為幽州節度使，又以為盧龍節度使。）〉 同光之世，為患尤深。 文進在平州，率奚族勁騎，鳥擊獸搏，倏來忽往，燕、趙諸州，荊榛滿目。 軍屯涿州，每歲運糧，自瓦橋至幽州，勁兵猛將，援遞糧車，然猶為契丹所鈔，奔命不暇，皆文進導之也。
Lu Wenjin, whose courtesy name was Guoyong, came from Fanyang. He stood seven feet tall, ate and drank more than other men, and looked imposing from afar. In youth he served Liu Shouguang as a cavalry commander. When Tang Emperor Zhuangzong attacked Yan, Wenjin was the first to surrender and was appointed from afar as prefect of Shouzhou. When Emperor Zhuangzong first obtained the Eight Armies behind the mountains, he made his beloved younger brother Cunju regimental commissioner of Xinzhou to command them overall. Emperor Zhuangzong faced Liu Yan in camp at Shen county. He ordered Cunju to recruit strong soldiers behind the mountains and also ordered the residents north of the mountains to supply war horses and weapons, exchanging one horse for every ten oxen sold. Resentment spread among the people. At that time Cunju assembled five hundred cavalry and ordered Wenjin to lead them, and they traveled together. When they reached Qigou Pass the soldiers gathered to plot. They said, "We are frontier men who have abandoned parents, wives, and children to fight bloody battles for others. We cannot go a thousand li to deliver ourselves to death." The crowd said, "Let us support General Lu, turn back to Xinzhou, hold the city, and defend ourselves — what can they do to us!" They then shouted and waved their spears, rushed to the relay station, and killed Cunju beneath his couch. Wenjin clutched his chest and said, "These wretched fellows have ruined me." He then circled the corpse and wept. "Since these men have killed the young lord, with what face can I see the prince!" (According to the "History of Liao": Cunju took Wenjin's daughter as a concubine. Wenjin always felt ashamed, and therefore joined the mutinous troops in killing Cunju.)〉 This differs from the Old History of the Five Dynasties — he was therefore carried off by the mutinous troops. He counterattacked Xinzhou but could not take it; (Ma Ling's "Book of Southern Tang": Wenjin attacked Xinzhou but could not take it. Fleeing by night he fell into a ditch and leaped out in one bound. The next day he looked and saw it was the commandery's Black Dragon Pool, with sheer banks several zhang high and depths beyond measure. On another occasion a great serpent came directly to his seat and raised its head to his knee. Wenjin took food, fed it, and it departed. From this he grew self-confident.)〉 He attacked Wuzhou again, again without success. Zhou Dewei ordered generals to pursue him. Wenjin then fled to the Khitan, was appointed acting commander of troops and horses at Youzhou, was assigned Han troops, and usually encamped separately. Before long Wenjin led the Khitan in a raid on Xinzhou. From then on northern armies came repeatedly, driving off and capturing men and women from several commanderies and teaching them weaving and other crafts. Everything done in China was fully provided. That the Khitan grew strong and flourishing was due to obtaining Wenjin. (According to the History of Liao: Wenjin led Khitan forces against Xin Prefecture. Prefect An Jinquan could not hold the city and fled. Zhou Dewei came to relieve the city and attacked Xin Prefecture. The Khitan numbered in the tens of thousands. Dewei was defeated and fled in rout. Wenjin and the Khitan besieged Youzhou for nearly two hundred days. When the Prince of Jin led a relief army in person, they finally withdrew. The Khitan appointed him military governor of Youzhou and also of the Lulong Army.)〉 During the Tongguang reign his depredations were especially severe. From Ping Prefecture Wenjin led the Xi tribe's fierce cavalry in raids swift as birds and beasts. The prefectures of Yan and Zhao were left a wilderness of thorns. Troops were stationed at Zhuo Prefecture. Each year grain was hauled from Waqiao to Youzhou under escort by crack troops and fierce generals, yet the Khitan still raided the convoys without cease—all at Wenjin's guidance.
12
及明宗即位之明年，文進自平州率所部十餘萬眾來奔。 行及幽州，先遣使上表曰：「頃以新州團練使李存矩，提衡郡邑，掌握恩威，虐黎庶則毒甚於豺狼，聚賦斂則貪盈於溝壑，人不堪命，士各離心，臣即拋父母之邦，入朔漠之地。 幾年雁塞，徒向日以傾心； 一望家山，每銷魂而斷目。 李子卿之河畔，空有怨辭； 石季倫之樂中，莫陳歸引。 近聞皇帝陛下，皇天眷命，清明在躬，握紀乘乾，鼎新革故，始知大幸，有路朝宗，便貯歸心，祗伺良會。 臣十月十日，決計殺在城契丹，取十一日離州，押七八千車乘，領十五萬生靈，十四日已達幽州」云。 洎至洛陽，明宗寵待彌厚，授滑州節度使、檢校太尉。 歲餘，移鎮鄧州，累加同平章事，入為上將軍。 長興中，復出鎮潞州，擒奸恤隱，甚獲當時之譽。 清泰中，改安州節度使。 及高祖即位，與契丹敦好，文進以嘗背契丹，居不自安。 〈（馬令《南唐書》：文進居數鎮，頗有善政，兵民愛之。 其將行也，從數騎至營中，別其裨將李藏機，告以避契丹之意，將士皆拜為訣。）〉 天福元年十二月，乃殺行軍司馬馮知兆、節度副使杜重貴等，率其部眾渡淮奔於金陵。 李棨待之尤重， 〈（馬令《南唐書》云：烈祖以文進為天雄統軍。）〉 偽命為宣州節度使，後卒於江南。 〈（《金陵志》：文進自潤州召還，以左衛上將軍、兼中書令、范陽郡王奉朝請。）〉
The year after Mingzong took the throne, Wenjin defected from Ping Prefecture with more than a hundred thousand followers. Reaching Youzhou, he first sent a memorial: "Recently Li Cunju, regimental commissioner of Xin Prefecture, ruled the district with arbitrary power. He oppressed the people worse than wolves and hoarded taxes until his greed filled every ravine. The people could not endure it and the officers lost heart. I therefore abandoned my homeland and entered the northern steppe. For years on the frontier I turned my heart toward the sun in vain; and at every glimpse of home my soul broke and my sight failed. By the river of Li Ziqing I had only empty grievance; in the music of Shi Jilun I could voice no plea to return. I have lately heard that Your Majesty holds Heaven's mandate, governs with clarity, and has renewed the realm. I knew at last my great fortune and the road home. I stored my heart for return and reverently awaited the right moment. On the tenth day of the tenth month I resolved to kill the Khitan in the city. On the eleventh I left the prefecture with seven or eight thousand carts and a hundred and fifty thousand people. On the fourteenth I reached Youzhou," he wrote. When he reached Luoyang, Mingzong treated him with exceptional favor and made him military governor of Huazhou and acting Grand Commandant. After a year he was transferred to Deng Prefecture, made Associate Grand Councillor, and appointed Grand General at court. During the Changxing reign he returned to govern Lu Prefecture, where he punished the wicked and comforted the oppressed and won great praise. During the Qingtai reign he was made military governor of An Prefecture. When Gaozu took the throne and made peace with the Khitan, Wenjin, who had once betrayed them, grew uneasy. (Ma Ling's Book of Southern Tang records that Wenjin governed several commands well and was loved by troops and people alike. When he prepared to leave, he rode with a few men to camp, bade farewell to his lieutenant Li Cangji, explained his plan to flee the Khitan, and the officers and soldiers all bowed in parting.)〉 In the twelfth month of the first year of Tianfu he killed army marching marshal Feng Zhizhao, deputy military governor Du Chonggui, and others, led his followers across the Huai, and fled to Jinling. Li Qi treated him with exceptional honor, (Ma Ling's Book of Southern Tang says Liezu made Wenjin commander of the Tianxiong army.)〉 The southern regime appointed him military governor of Xuan Prefecture, and he later died in the south. (Records of Jinling records that Wenjin was recalled from Run Prefecture and made Left Guard Grand General, concurrent Director of the Secretariat, and Prince of Fanyang attending court.)〉
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李金全，本唐明宗之小豎也。 其先出於吐谷渾。 金全驍勇，善騎射，少從明宗征伐，以力戰有功，明宗即位，連典大郡。 天成中，授涇州節度使，在鎮數年，以掊斂為務。 長興中，受代歸闕，始進馬數十匹，不數日又進之。 明宗召而謂之曰：「卿患馬多耶，何進貢之數也？」 又謂曰：「卿在涇州日，為理如何，無乃以馬為事否？」 金全慚謝而退。 四年夏，授滄州節度使，累官至檢校太傅。 清泰中，罷鎮歸闕，久留於京師。 高祖即位之明年，安州屯將王暉殺節度使周瑰，詔遣金全以騎兵千人鎮撫其地。 未及境，而暉為部下所殺。 金全至，亂軍數百人皆不安，金全說遣赴闕，密伏兵於野，盡殺之，又擒其軍校武彥和等數十人，斬之。 初，金全之將行也，高祖戒之曰：「王暉之亂，罪莫大焉，但慮封守不寧，則民受其弊。」 因折矢飛詔，約以不戮一人，仍許以暉為唐州刺史。 又謂金全曰：「卿之此行，無失吾信。」 及金全至，聞彥和等當為亂之日，劫掠郡城，所獲財貨，悉在其第，遂殺而奪之。 〈（《通鑒》：彥和且死，呼曰：「王暉首惡，天子猶赦之； 我輩脅從，何罪乎！」）〉 高祖聞之，以姑息金全故，不究其事，尋授以旄節。
Li Jinquan had originally been a young attendant to Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang. His ancestors were Tuyuhun. Jinquan was fierce and skilled in horsemanship and archery. He followed Mingzong on campaigns from youth and distinguished himself in battle. When Mingzong took the throne he governed several major prefectures in succession. During the Tiancheng reign he was made military governor of Jing Prefecture, where for several years he devoted himself to extortion. During the Changxing reign he was relieved and returned to court. He first presented several dozen horses, then within days presented more. Mingzong summoned him and said, "Do you have too many horses? Why so many tribute presentations? He also asked, "When you were at Jing Prefecture, how did you govern? Surely you did not make horses your only business?" Jinquan withdrew in shame. In the summer of the fourth year he was made military governor of Cang Prefecture and rose to acting Grand Tutor. During the Qingtai reign he left his command and returned to court, where he remained for a long time. The year after Gaozu took the throne, An Prefecture garrison officer Wang Hui killed military governor Zhou Gui. Gaozu ordered Jinquan to the region with a thousand cavalry to restore order. Before Jinquan reached the prefecture, Hui was killed by his own men. When Jinquan arrived, several hundred mutineers were uneasy. He persuaded them to go to court, then ambushed and killed them all. He also seized dozens of their officers including Wu Yanhe and beheaded them. Before Jinquan departed, Gaozu warned him: "Wang Hui's crime is grave, but I fear that if the frontier is unsettled the people will suffer. He broke an arrow and sent an urgent edict pledging not to execute a single man and promising Hui the post of prefect of Tang Prefecture. He also told Jinquan, "On this mission, do not betray my word. When Jinquan arrived, he learned that on the day of the mutiny Yanhe and the others had plundered the city and stored the loot in their homes. He killed them and seized their goods. (The Comprehensive Mirror records that as Yanhe was about to die he cried out, "Wang Hui was the chief culprit, yet the emperor still pardoned him; we were only coerced followers—what crime is ours!")〉 When Gaozu heard of it he did not investigate, wishing to indulge Jinquan, and soon granted him a full military commission.
14
金全有親吏胡漢筠者，勇譎嗇褊，貪詐殘忍，軍府之政，一以委之。 高祖聞其事，遣吏賈仁紹往代其職，且召漢筠。 漢筠內疚惶怖，金全乃列狀稱疾以聞。 及仁紹至，漢筠鴆而殺之。 〈（馬令《南唐書》：胡漢榮所為多不法，晉高祖患之，不欲因漢榮以累功臣，為選廉吏賈仁沼代之，且召漢榮。 漢榮教金全留己而不遣。 金全客龐令圖諫曰：「仁沼昔事王晏球，有大功，晏球欲厚賞之，仁沼退而不言，此天下之忠臣也。 及頒賜所俘物，仁沼悉以分故人親戚之貧者，此天下之廉士也。 宜納仁沼而遣漢榮。」 漢榮聞之，夜使人殺令圖而鴆仁沼。）〉 天福五年夏，高祖命馬全節為安州節度使，以代金全。 漢筠自以昔嘗拒命，復聞仁紹二子將訴置毒之事，居不自安，乃紿謂金全曰：「邸吏劉珂使健步倍道兼行，密傳其意，雲受代之後，朝廷將以仁紹之事詰公之罪。」 金全大駭，命從事張緯函表送款於淮夷。 淮人遣偽將李承裕以代金全，金全即日南竄，其妓樂、車馬、珍奇、帑藏，皆為承裕所奪。 與其黨數百人束身夜出，曉至氵義州，引領北望，泣下而去。 及至金陵，李棨授以節鎮。 〈（馬令《南唐書》云：烈祖以金全為天威統軍，遷潤州節度使。）〉 後卒於江南。
Jinquan had a personal clerk named Hu Hanyun who was brave, cunning, stingy, greedy, deceitful, and cruel. He entrusted all military government affairs to him. When Gaozu heard of this he sent Jia Renshao to replace Hanyun and summoned Hanyun to court. Hanyun was consumed with guilt and fear. Jinquan memorialized claiming illness. When Renshao arrived, Hanyun poisoned and killed him. (Ma Ling's Book of Southern Tang records that Hu Hanrong's conduct was largely unlawful. Gaozu was troubled but did not wish to implicate a meritorious minister; he selected the honest official Jia Renzhao to replace him and summoned Hanrong. Hanrong persuaded Jinquan to keep him and refuse to send him away. Jinquan's adviser Pang Lingtu remonstrated: "Renzhao once served Wang Yanqiu with great merit. When Yanqiu wished to reward him generously, Renzhao withdrew without a word. That is the loyalty of a true minister. When distributing captured goods he gave them all to old friends and poor relatives. That is the integrity of a true gentleman. You should accept Renzhao and send Hanrong away. When Hanrong heard of this he sent men in the night to kill Lingtu and poison Renzhao.)〉 In the summer of the fifth year of Tianfu Gaozu ordered Ma Quanjie to replace Jinquan as military governor of An Prefecture. Hanyun, having once defied orders and hearing that Renshao's two sons would sue over the poisoning, grew uneasy. He deceived Jinquan, saying, "Residence clerk Liu Ke sent a swift courier with a secret message that after you are replaced the court will prosecute you for the Renshao affair. Jinquan was terrified and ordered his aide Zhang Wei to send a sealed memorial of submission to the southern regime. The southerners sent their general Li Chengyu to replace him. Jinquan fled south that same day. Chengyu seized his entertainers, horses, carriages, treasures, and treasury stores. With several hundred followers he fled by night. At dawn he reached E Prefecture, gazed north with tears, and went on. When he reached Jinling, Li Qi granted him a military commission. (Ma Ling's Book of Southern Tang says Liezu made Jinquan commander of the Tianwei army and military governor of Run Prefecture.)〉 He later died in the south.
15
史臣曰：延光昔為唐臣，綽有令譽，洎逢晉祚，顯恣狂謀，既力屈以來降，尚顏而惜死，孟津之歿，乃取笑於千載也。 從賓而下，俱怙亂以滅身，亦何足與議也。 文進懼強敵之威，金全為輿臺所賣，事雖弗類，叛則攸同，鹹附島夷，皆可醜也。
The historian writes: Yanguang was once a Tang minister of fine reputation. Under the Jin he openly plotted rebellion. Though defeated and forced to surrender, he clung to life and face. His death at the Meng Ford crossing will be mocked for a thousand years. Congbin and those below all courted rebellion and destroyed themselves. They are hardly worth discussing. Wenjin fled from a powerful enemy; Jinquan was betrayed by his own attendants. Their cases differ, but in rebellion they were alike. Both threw in their lot with southern regimes. Both deserve contempt.