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卷一百十一 周書2: 太祖本紀二

Volume 111 Book of Later Zhou 13: Taizu Annals 2

Chapter 111 of 舊五代史 · Old History of the Five Dynasties
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Chapter 111
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1
使 使使 使使 使 使使 西使 西西 使 使使 · 殿 便 使 使 使 使滿 使使 宿 使 使 使
In the first year of Guangshun, on the new moon of the second month of spring, on guisi day, Fan Zhi, Vice Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Vice Minister of Revenue, was appointed Vice Minister of War while retaining his existing duties; Li Gu, Prefect of Chen and Commissioner of the Three Offices, was appointed Vice Minister of Revenue and continued as Commissioner of the Three Offices; Zhai Guangye, General of the Right Golden Guard and Street Commissioner, was appointed General of the Left Thousand-Bull Guard and Commissioner of the North Bureau of the Palace Secretariat; Yuan Zhi, Commissioner of the North Bureau of the Palace Secretariat, was appointed General of the Left Martial Guard and Commissioner of the South Bureau; Fu Yanlin, General of the Left and Right Golden Guard and Street Commissioner, was appointed General of the Right Gate Guard. On dingyou day, Prince Rong, Inner Commander of the Tianxiong Army guard and Acting Right Vice Director, Prefect of Gui, was restored as Military Commissioner of Bian and Acting Grand Guardian; Xue Keyan, General of the Right Golden Guard, became Commander of the Right Dragon Martial Guard; An Shenyue, Commander of the Left Divine Martial Guard, became Commander of the Left Forest Feather Guard; Zhao Zan, General of the Left Swift Horse Guard, became Commander of the Right Forest Feather Guard; and Song Yanyun, retired Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, was appointed General of the Left Guard. An edict ordered the Tuyuhun encampments moved to Jiangzhu Ridge in Changzi county, Luzhou. On jihai day, Liu Suening, General of the Left Martial Guard, was appointed Commander of the Left Divine Martial Guard; Jiao Jixun, General of the Left Guard, became Commander of the Right Divine Martial Guard; and Shi Quan, General of the Left Military Guard, became General of the Right Guard. On gengzi day, the late Lady Zhang of Wu was posthumously created Noble Consort; the late third imperial daughter was posthumously enfeoffed as Princess of Le'an; the late second son Qingge received the posthumous rank of Grand Guardian and the name Tong; the third son Yige received the posthumous rank of Minister of Works and the name Xin; the late eldest daughter-in-law, Lady Liu, was posthumously created Lady of Pengcheng commandery. Three imperial nephews: Shoujun received the posthumous rank of General of the Left Military Guard and was renamed Yuan; Fengchao received the posthumous rank of General of the Left Gate Guard; Dingge received the posthumous rank of General of the Left Thousand-Bull Guard and the name Xun. Three late imperial grandsons: Yige received the posthumous rank of General of the Left Swift Horse Guard and the name Yi; Xige received the posthumous rank of General of the Martial Guard and the name Cheng; Sange received the posthumous rank of General of the Left Military Guard and the name Yan. On xinchou day, the Uyghurs of Xizhou sent tribute envoys with local products. Former Kaifeng Prefect Hou Yi, Duke of Lu, was promoted to Duke of Chu; former Western Capital Military Governor Li Congmin, Duke of Ju, to Duke of Qin; and former Western Capital Military Governor Wang Shou'en to Duke of Ju. On guimao day, former Vice Director of the Secretariat Li Tao, who had also served as Minister of Revenue and Grand Councilor, was appointed Advisor to the Crown Prince. An edict named Yuan Zhi, Commissioner of the South Bureau of the Palace Secretariat, acting Prefect of Kaifeng, and appointed He Ning, Grand Guardian of the Crown Prince, as Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince. On bingwu day, Wang Yan of Jin reported that Liu Chong of Hedong had sent the rebel Pacification Commissioner Liu Jun and Vice Commissioner Bai Jiehai with more than ten thousand foot and horse to assault the city; on the fifth of the month they attacked along five routes, and Yan led the garrison in defense, killing and wounding a great many of the enemy. (According to the History of Song biography of Wang Yan, when Liu Chong invaded Jin, Yan shut the gates and held his men in reserve on the ramparts. The Bing soldiers took him for a coward and scrambled up the parapets; Yan signaled his ambush, and a great many fell to their deaths; the enemy then burned the bridge and fled. Yan sent his son Hanlun in pursuit for several tens of li and took more than a hundred heads.) (End of editorial note.)〉 Several dozen pieces of precious jade, gold and silver filigree, jewel-mounted beds and tables, and dining ware were brought out from the inner palace and smashed in the courtyard. The emperor told his attendants, "What use has a ruler for such things!" He also ordered that no rare or ornamental objects meant merely to please the eye were to enter the palace. Previously, when the Uyghurs sent tribute in alternate years, commoners were barred from trading valuables with foreigners; now private trade was freely allowed and officials no longer prohibited or investigated it. On dingwei day, Zhu Xian, General of the Left Thousand-Bull Guard, returned from his embassy to the Khitan. The Khitan ruler Wuyu sent the envoy Guo Ji with a team of fine horses to congratulate the emperor on his accession. On wushen day, an edict declared: "Having reverently received Heaven's mandate and come to rule the central realm, We constantly seek to align with the natural order and heed the people's wishes. We would not have so many under Our rule living as lodgers in rented quarters; year after year burdened with homesickness and longing for their native places. It is right to act on broad principle and reform the old rules. In every circuit and prefecture, former capital officials residing locally who have not been summoned to court must not be compelled to leave. For army deputy commissioners and below, and for prefectural, county, and staff officials seeking new posts after leaving office, the prescribed waiting period applies; until it is complete, they may all live outside the capital. Extraordinary summons by edict are excepted from this rule." On jiyou day, the responsible offices proposed establishing a temple to four generations of ancestors, and the court approved. On xinhai day, Yang Ningshi moved from Junior Tutor to Junior Preceptor of the Crown Prince; Zhang Zhao from Director of Imperial Sacrifices to Minister of Revenue; Wang Yi from Left Vice Director of State Affairs to Minister of Rites; Bian Wei from Vice Minister of War to Director of Imperial Sacrifices; Yu Chongliang, Hanlin Academician and Secretariat Drafting Official, to Vice Minister of Works; Wei Xun from Vice Minister of Revenue to Vice Minister of War; Bian Guichan from Vice Minister of Justice to Vice Minister of Revenue; Situ Xu from Vice Minister of Rites to Vice Minister of Justice; Zhao Shangjiao from Director of the Secretariat to Vice Minister of Rites; Wang Renyu from Minister of War to Junior Guardian of the Crown Prince; Zhang Hong, Hanlin Academician and Minister of Rites, to Minister of Justice; Tian Min from Right to Left Vice Director of State Affairs; Duan Xiyao from Vice Minister of Personnel to Minister of Works; and Ma Yisun from Chamberlain for the Heir Apparent to Advisor to the Crown Prince. Former Military Commissioners Liu Chongjin of Fu and Song Yanwo of Hua both received increases to their fief income. Wang Quande, Acting Commissioner of the Tuyuhun Prefecture, was appointed Acting Grand Guardian and Prefect of Xian. Xu Qian, Prefect of Xi, reported that Liu Jun's Hedong rebels had marched from Jin to attack the city; he led the garrison in defense, killing or wounding five hundred of the enemy, who withdrew after a day and a night. On dingsi day, Tian Min, Left Vice Director of State Affairs, was appointed credentialed envoy to the Khitan. The Uyghurs sent tribute envoys with local products. On jiwei day, Guo Xun, Military Commissioner of the Tiande Army and Duke of Guo, was made Concurrent Grand Councilor; former Director of the Imperial Clan Court Liu Hao became Chamberlain for the Imperial Clan. On xinyou day, Bian Guangfan moved from Chamberlain for the Imperial Clan to Director of the Secretariat; former Vice Minister of Personnel Li Xiang returned as Vice Minister of Personnel; and former Vice Minister of Revenue Yan Kan became Right Vice Director of State Affairs.
2
西 使 便 便 使 沿 使 使 使使 使
In the third month, on the new moon of renxu day, former Western Capital Military Governor Li Congmin died. On wuchen day, former General of the Left Martial Guard Li Huaizhong was granted retirement as Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, and former Military Commissioner of Xing An Shenhui as retired Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince. On xinwei day, the emperor visited the Southern Estate. On renshen day, an edict declared: "The personal attendants and intimate staff officials previously assigned by prefectures and districts were a creation of the prior dynasty—expedients for the moment, not part of long-standing practice. We have lately consulted widely and reviewed memorials stating that such requisitioning is unjust: it blocks local corvée obligations and disrupts spring and summer farming; the poor are burdened with supplies while the wealthy profit from sheltering dependents. Because the practice is oppressive, it must be changed—and now, at the height of the planting season, nonessential duties should cease. All personal attendants and intimate staff officials assigned by the prefectures are to be dismissed." Once the edict was promulgated, officials and commoners alike found relief. Wang Yanchao, Commander-in-Chief of the Xuzhou field headquarters, urgently reported the recapture of Xuzhou. "The rebel leader Yang Wen in the city and his close followers were all executed. All others—unranked men, garrison commanders and officers, clerks, and townspeople—though coerced, were not true accomplices and were released. It is also known that Yang Wen had earlier recruited rural bandits to help defend the city. We regard these village folk as having been misled in passing; mindful of their humble station, We extend special leniency: the rural recruits brought into the city are all sent home to farm and given extra reassurance. The Duchess of Xiangyin and her family who remain there are to be reassured and protected by dispatched officials, without alarm." Zhang Xu, Regular Attendant of the Right Cavalry, and Wang Yan'ai, Drafting Official, were both appointed Regular Attendants of the Left Cavalry; former Junior Prefect of Daming Li Qiong became Director of Palace Construction; former Military Commissioner of the Zhangwu Army Zhou Mi received retirement as Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince; and Liu Hao, Chamberlain for the Imperial Clan, was placed in charge of arrangements for Hidden Emperor of Han's mausoleum. On bingzi day, Wang Yan moved from retired Junior Guardian to Junior Tutor of the Crown Prince; Lu Sun, retired Minister of Revenue, and Li Su, retired General of the Left Swift Horse Guard, both became Junior Guardians of the Crown Prince; Han Zhaoyun, retired Minister of War, became Right Vice Director of State Affairs; and Lu Wenji, retired Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince, became Minister of Works. From Yan downward, all remained in retirement as before. The late Regular Attendant Pei Yu was posthumously created Minister of Revenue; the late Crown Prince's Advisor Xiao Yuan, Minister of Rites; Xue Renqian, retired Director of the Imperial Granaries, became Chamberlain for Dependencies; Wu Zhao, retired Director of Palace Construction, Chamberlain for the Imperial Household; Wang Xi, retired Vice Director of Imperial Sacrifices, Director of the Palace Workshop; and Duan Yong, retired Vice Director of the Secretariat, Director of Palace Construction. From Renqian downward, all remained in retirement as before. An edict commanded prefectures, counties, and garrisons along the Huai hereafter to hold their own borders and not allow any man or horse to cross into Huainan without authorization. On jimao day, Luzhou reported that more than two hundred Hedong officers and soldiers captured in She county were being escorted to court. An edict supplied them with clothing and footwear and sent them home. On jiashen day, Wu Xingde transferred from Zhen to Xu, and He Fujin from his post to Zhen. On bingxu day, Guo Lingtu, Deputy Military Commissioner of Xiang, was appointed Director of the Imperial Clan Court. An edict declared: "The late Su Fengji and Liu Zhu once served with Us in the Han court. Since We pacified the turmoil, We have not held old grudges and soon showed their whole families generous mercy. Yet their young children are unsupported and lack food and clothing; We will extend compassionate care so they may survive—repaying enmity with kindness, for We have not wronged others. We grant Fengji's kin an estate each in the Luoyang capital, and Liu Zhu's kin an estate each in Shan." On jichou day, the emperor visited the Southern Estate. On gengyin day, Li Congyi, late Duke of Xun of Tang, was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Xu; and Virtuous Consort Wang of Tang Emperor Mingzong was posthumously created Worthy Consort. On xinmao day, an edict declared: "Deputy military commissioners, army marshals, junior prefects of the two capitals, and military governors' judicial assessors may assign fixed duty attendants, but not more than fifteen persons; junior prefects, secretaries, branch commissioners, and deputy defense and training commissioners may not exceed ten; judicial reviewers of military commissioners and military assessors of defense and training regiments may not exceed seven, and each post must keep them on the official rolls. Anyone who covertly registers extra households beyond these limits shall face court discipline against the responsible official." Earlier, under Hidden Emperor of Han, a memorial had argued that prefectural staff and recorders, who received stipends, should hire their own servants and not requisition commoners for corvée." The authorities agreed and ordered that corvée laborers previously assigned to prefectural staff and recorders be released to farming. Afterward officials were seen traveling alone to prefectures and counties, which the emperor well knew—hence this order.
3
沿 便 使 使 祿 祿 使祿 使祿 祿 使 使
In summer, the fourth month, on the new moon of renchen day, an edict allowed Huainan people to buy dry grain north of the Huai, as Huainan was then in famine. On jiawu day, Lady Dong was created Virtuous Consort, and the responsible offices were ordered to prepare investiture rites. On jihai day, the designations of the Palace Guard horse and foot armies were changed. The horse army, formerly Guard of the Sage, was renamed Dragon Swift; the foot army, formerly Serving the State, was renamed Tiger Swift. On renyin day, an edict ordered the palace women guarding the mausoleums of Tang Zhuangzong, Mingzong, and Jin Gaozu all dismissed and sent away. Those who wished to remain at the tombs were to be supplied as before. On jiachen day, Zhang Yancheng transferred from Xiang to Deng, Zhe Congruan to Hua, and Li Jun to Xiang. On bingwu day, Wang Chongyi, Defense Commissioner of Bozhou, died. On wushen day, the emperor visited the Southern Estate. On gengxu day, the fourth imperial daughter was enfeoffed as Princess of Shou'an. On xinhai day, Liu Xin, late Military Commissioner of Xu, was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Cai. On bingchen day, an edict declared: "The office of prefect and governor is no light trust; since their burden of shared governance is the same, their regulated salaries ought to be equal. Formerly wealthy prefectures received generous allowances on request, while some border prefectures had always had meager salaries. At transfers and promotions deliberation was difficult, weighing both seniority and the rise and fall of salary grades. The court should take from the abundant to aid the meager, equalize benefits and share favor alike, and seek impartiality so as to encourage loyal service. Defense commissioners were now fixed at two hundred strings of stipend cash, one hundred piculs of salary grain, five piculs of salt, fodder for ten horses, and provisions for thirty personal attendants; training regiment commissioners at one hundred fifty strings, seventy piculs of salary grain, five piculs of salt, ten horses, and thirty attendants; and prefects at one hundred strings, fifty piculs of salary grain, five piculs of salt, five horses, and twenty attendants," the edict concluded. On dingsi day, Tian Min, Left Vice Director of State Affairs, returned from his embassy to the Khitan. The Khitan ruler Wuyu sent the envoy Nuguga to report in reply, together with jade saddles with gold inlay and silver mountings, bows and arrows, arms and armor, sable furs, thirty native horses, and ten native Han horses. On gengshen day, the emperor mourned the late Noble Consort Zhang at the former palace and suspended court for three days. On xinyou day, Lu Wenji, retired Minister of Works, died.
4
使使 使殿 殿 西 西 殿 使使 殿西 簿 西
In the sixth month, on the new moon of xinmao day, court was not held because Hidden Emperor of Han's coffin remained in temporary interment. On jiawu day, the officials memorialized that the twenty-eighth day of the seventh month, the emperor's birthday, be established as the Everlong Festival, and the court approved. Xing prefecture suffered prolonged heavy rains. On jihai day, Liu Yue, Vice Director of Imperial Sacrifices, proposed the posthumous title Hidden Emperor and mausoleum Yingling for the Han Lesser Emperor, and the court approved. On xinhai day, Wang Jun, Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, was appointed Left Vice Director of State Affairs and concurrent Vice Director of the Chancellery, Concurrent Grand Councilor, and Supervisor of the National History, while retaining the bureau commission; Fan Zhi, Vice Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Vice Minister of War, became Vice Director of the Secretariat, Concurrent Grand Councilor, and Grand Academician of the Hall for Gathering Worthies; Li Gu, Vice Minister of Revenue and Commissioner of the Three Offices, became Vice Director of the Secretariat, Concurrent Grand Councilor, and continued as Commissioner of the Three Offices. Dou Zhengu, Minister of Education, Palace Attendant, and Supervisor of National History, and Su Yugui, Minister of Works, Vice Director of the Secretariat, Concurrent Grand Councilor, and Grand Academician of the Hall for Gathering Worthies, were both removed as chancellors while retaining their original posts. On renzi day, the emperor visited the Western Estate. On guichou day, an edict ordered Grand Councilor Fan Zhi to participate in Bureau of Military Affairs affairs. Yedu, Luo, Cang, Bei, and other prefectures suffered prolonged heavy rains. On bingchen day, the Western Capital reported that Guo Lingtu, newly appointed Director of the Imperial Clan Court, had died. On dingsi day, Yan Kan, Left Vice Director of State Affairs, was appointed Vice Minister of War and Academician of the Hall of Brilliant Clarity; Zhai Guangye, Commissioner of the North Bureau of the Palace Secretariat, was also appointed Vice Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs. In autumn, the seventh month, on the new moon of xinyou day, the emperor wore full ceremonial dress, took the throne in the Hall of Lofty Origins, and entrusted the ancestral temple registers of all four chambers to Director of the Secretariat Feng Dao and others to carry the rites at the Western Capital. On guihai day, Tian Min, Left Vice Director of State Affairs, was also appointed Administrator of the Directorate of Education. On wuchen day, Yu Dechen, Censor-in-Chief, became Right Vice Director of State Affairs; and Bian Guangfan, Director of the Secretariat, became Advisor to the Crown Prince. Zhang Zhao, Minister of Revenue, was appointed Advisor to the Crown Prince after his son Bing, Registrar of Yangdi, broke the law and was punished; Zhao presented himself at the palace gate to await judgment, was pardoned by edict, and received this demoted post. On renshen day, historiographers Jia Wei and others presented the thirty-juan Veritable Records of Jin Gaozu and the twenty-juan Veritable Records of the Lesser Emperor they had compiled. On bingzi day, the emperor visited Grand Councilor Wang Jun's residence. On jichou day, Zhen reported defeating the Hedong rebels west of Pingshan county and taking five hundred heads. That same day, Bian Wei, Director of Imperial Sacrifices, memorialized proposing new names for suburban and temple dances, as detailed in the Treatise on Music.
5
西 便 西 西 使西
In the eighth month, on xinmao day, Hidden Emperor of Han's coffin was sent forth; the emperor went to the Palace of Great Peace to mourn and ordered the ministers to perform farewell rites at the western suburb. That year You prefecture suffered famine, and refugees scattered into Cang prefecture. An edict ordered that arriving refugees receive a dou of grain per person, be granted ownerless land to plant as they chose, and be exempted from corvée and taxes. On guisi day, a tiger entered Xingxing Temple in the Western Capital and injured people; townspeople killed it. On yiwei day, the emperor visited the Lodge for Parting Guests. On renyin day, the Khitan sent You military adjutant Cao Jijun to return the remains of late Jin Director of the Secretariat Zhao Ying; the court posthumously created him Grand Preceptor, granted his son five hundred bolts of silk for the funeral, and ordered burial in his native Huayin. On yisi day, the emperor visited the Western Estate. On renzi day, Wang Yan transferred from Jin to Xu, Wang Jing from Cang to Hezhong, Sun Fangjian from Ding to Hua, Guo Congyi from Yongxing to Xu, Wang Jihong from Bei to Heyang, and Li Hui to Cang. Wu Xingde, Military Commissioner of Xu, became Military Governor of the Western Capital; Zhe Congruan transferred from Hua to Shan; Hu Yanke from Hezhong to Hua; Li Hongxin from Shan to Yongxing; Wang Rao from Hua to Bei; and Wang Yanchao from Xu to Jin. On bingchen day, eight palace officials including Li of Imperial Food were created county ladies; six including Liu of Records, commandery ladies; and three including Huangfu of Palace Attendants, state ladies. Under Tang institutions, inner and palace officials each had their own bureaus and were not given commandery or state titles; recent times have added such titles, which is not the old standard. Sun Xingyou, Prefect of Yi, was appointed Acting Commissioner of Ding. On wuwu day, the late Lady Chai was posthumously enthroned as empress, and the responsible offices were ordered to fix her posthumous title and prepare investiture rites.
6
耀使 使 西 便
In the ninth month, on the new moon of gengshen day, the emperor went to the Palace of Great Peace to inquire after Han Empress Dowager's health. On xinyou day, the late Lady Yang was posthumously created Virtuous Consort, and the responsible offices were ordered to choose a day and prepare investiture rites. The late fifth imperial daughter was posthumously enfeoffed as Princess of Yongning. On guihai day, Ding reported that Wuyu, Prince of Yongkang of the Khitan, had been killed by his subordinates. On jiazi day, Wu Tinghan, former Training Regiment Commissioner of Yao, received retirement as Junior Guardian of the Crown Prince. On bingzi day, Qian Chu, Commander-in-Chief of All Circuits' Armies, Military Commissioner of the Two Zhe, Acting Grand Preceptor, Director of State Affairs, Director of the Secretariat, and King of Wuyue, was promoted to Commander-in-Chief of All Armies Under Heaven. On dingchou day, Liu Tao, Secretariat Drafting Official, was demoted to Vice Director of the Palace Workshop and assigned to the Western Capital branch for having his son Xu draft edicts on his behalf. Investigating Censor Liu Xu was demoted to Registrar of Fu for drafting edicts on his father's behalf. Yang Zhaojian, Secretariat Drafting Official, was dismissed and banished for frequently taking leave and neglecting his duties.
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