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天文志
Astronomical Treatise
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〈（案：《薛史天文志序》《永樂大典》原闕，然其日食、星變諸門，事跡具存，較《歐陽史·司天考》為詳備。 今考《五代會要》所載星變、物異諸門，與《司天考》互有詳略。 蓋五代典章散佚，各記所聞，未能畫一也。 參考諸書，當以《薛史》為得其實焉。）〉
(Editor's note: The preface to the Astronomical Treatise in Xue Juzheng's History and the Yongle Encyclopedia are lost in the sources we have, but the chapters on solar eclipses, stellar changes, and related topics survive with their records intact and are fuller than the Heavenly Offices treatise in Ouyang Xiu's New History.) A comparison of the stellar-change and prodigy sections in the Essentials of Government in the Five Dynasties with the Heavenly Offices treatise shows that each account is more detailed in some places and thinner in others. The institutions and archives of the Five Dynasties had largely dispersed; each compiler wrote down what came to hand, so the records could not be harmonized into a single standard. On balance, the Xue History should be regarded as closest to what actually happened.)〉
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梁太祖乾化元年，正月丙戌朔，日有蝕之。 時言事諸臣，多引漢高祖末年日蝕於歲首，太祖甚惡之，於是素服避正殿，百官各守本司。 是日，有司奏：「雲初陰晦，事同不蝕。」 百僚奉表稱賀。
In the first year of Qianhua under Liang Taizu, on the new moon of the first month (bingxu), the sun was eclipsed. The remonstrating ministers of the day mostly invoked the solar eclipse at the year's opening in the closing years of Han Gaozu; Taizu took this as a very bad omen, put on undyed robes, withdrew from the main audience hall, and ordered every official to remain at his post. That day the responsible offices reported: "Clouds were dark from the outset, so in effect no eclipse was seen." The entire bureaucracy submitted memorials of congratulation.
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末帝寵德三年，十月辛未朔，日有蝕之。
In the third year of Chongde under the Last Emperor, on the new moon of the tenth month (xinwei), the sun was eclipsed.
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唐莊宗同光三年，四月癸亥朔，時有司奏：「日蝕在卯，主歲大旱。」
In the third year of Tongguang under Tang Zhuangzong, on the new moon of the fourth month (guihai), the astronomical office reported: "The eclipse falls in the mao hour and portends a severe drought for the year."
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明宗天成元年，八月乙酉朔，日有蝕之。 二年，八月己卯朔，日有蝕之。 三年，二月丁丑朔，日蝕。 其日陰雲不見，百官稱賀。
In the first year of Tiancheng under Mingzong, on the new moon of the eighth month (yiyou), the sun was eclipsed. In the second year, on the new moon of the eighth month (jimao), the sun was eclipsed. In the third year, on the new moon of the second month (dingchou), there was a solar eclipse. Clouds obscured the sky that day so the eclipse was not visible, and the officials offered congratulations.
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長興元年，六月癸巳朔，日蝕。 其日陰冥不見，至夕大雨。 二年，十一月甲申朔，先是，司天奏：「朔日合食二分，伏緣所蝕微少，太陽光影相鑠，伏恐不辨虧闕，請其日不入閣。 百官守司。」 從之。
In the first year of Changxing, on the new moon of the sixth month (guisi), there was a solar eclipse. The sky was dark and the eclipse could not be seen; heavy rain fell by evening. In the second year, on the new moon of the eleventh month (jiashen), the astronomical office had earlier reported: "A two-tenths eclipse is due on the new moon; because the obscuration will be slight, sun and shadow may merge so that the bite in the disk cannot be made out—we ask that Your Majesty not enter the inner court that day. Officials are to remain at their posts." The request was granted.
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晉高祖天福二年，正月乙卯，先是，司天奏：「正月二日，太陽虧蝕，宜避正殿，開諸營門，蓋藏兵器，半月不宜用軍。」 是日太陽虧，十分內食三分，在尾宿十七度。 日出東方，以帶蝕三分，漸生，至卯時復滿。 三年，正月戊申朔，司天先奏，其日日蝕。 至是日不蝕，內外稱賀。 四年，七月庚子朔，時中書門下奏：「謹按舊禮：日有變，天子素服避正殿，太史以所司救日於社，陳五兵、五鼓、五麾，東戟西矛，南弩北楯，中央置鼓，服從其位，百職廢務，素服守司，重列於庭，每等異位，向日而立，明復而止。 今所司法物，鹹不能具，去歲正旦日食，唯謹藏兵仗，皇帝避正殿素食，百官守司。 今且欲依近禮施行。」 從之。 七年，四月甲寅朔，是日百官守司，太陽不蝕，上表稱賀。 八年，四月戊申朔，日有蝕之。
In the second year of Tianfu under Jin Gaozu, on yimao of the first month, the astronomical office had reported in advance: "On the second day of the first month the sun will be eclipsed; the emperor should withdraw from the main hall, the camp gates should be opened, arms should be stored away, and troops should not be employed for half a month." That day the sun was eclipsed: three parts in ten were covered, at the seventeenth degree of the Tail asterism. The sun rose in the east with a three-part belt eclipse, then waxed back until by the mao hour it was whole again. In the third year, on the new moon of the first month (wushen), the astronomical office had foretold an eclipse for that day. When the day arrived there was no eclipse, and court and capital alike offered congratulations. In the fourth year, on the new moon of the seventh month (gengzi), the Secretariat and Chancellery memorialized: "According to the ancient rites, when the sun shows an anomaly the emperor puts on undyed robes and leaves the main hall; the chief astrologer performs the sun-rescue rite at the soil altar, arraying five kinds of arms, five drums, and five banners—halberds east, spears west, crossbows south, shields north, with a drum in the center—each in prescribed dress; all offices suspend business, wear plain clothes and keep their posts, and line up in the courtyard by rank, each grade in its place, facing the sun until full daylight returns. The ritual implements now in the keeping of the offices cannot all be supplied; at last year's New Year eclipse we could only store arms with care, have the emperor withdraw to plain fare in a side hall, and keep officials at their posts. We propose to follow the simplified rites used in recent years." The proposal was adopted. In the seventh year, on the new moon of the fourth month (jiayin), officials kept their posts as ordered; the sun was not eclipsed, and congratulatory memorials were sent up. In the eighth year, on the new moon of the fourth month (wushen), the sun was eclipsed.
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少帝開運元年，九月庚午朔，日有蝕之。 二年，八月甲子朔，日有蝕之。 三年，二月壬戌朔，日有蝕之。 漢隱帝乾祐三年，十一月甲子朔，日有蝕之。
In the first year of Kaiyun under the Young Emperor, on the new moon of the ninth month (gengwu), the sun was eclipsed. In the second year, on the new moon of the eighth month (jiazi), the sun was eclipsed. In the third year, on the new moon of the second month (renxu), the sun was eclipsed. In the third year of Qianyou under Han Yindi, on the new moon of the eleventh month (jiazi), the sun was eclipsed.
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周太祖廣順二年，四月丙戌朔，日有蝕之。 月食
In the second year of Guangshun under Zhou Taizu, on the new moon of the fourth month (bingxu), the sun was eclipsed. Lunar Eclipses
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梁太祖開平四年，十二月十四日夜，先是，司天奏：「是日月蝕，不宜用兵。」 時王景仁方總大軍北伐，追之不及。 至五年正月二日，果為後唐莊宗大敗於柏鄉。
In the fourth year of Kaiping under Liang Taizu, on the night of the fourteenth of the twelfth month, the astronomical office had reported in advance: "A lunar eclipse is due; troops should not be deployed." Wang Jingren was already leading the main army north; the warning could not reach him in time. On the second day of the first month of the fifth year he was indeed routed by Later Tang Zhuangzong at Boxiang.
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唐莊宗同光三年，三月戊申，月蝕。 九月甲辰，月蝕。
In the third year of Tongguang under Tang Zhuangzong, on wushen of the third month, there was a lunar eclipse. On jiachen of the ninth month there was a lunar eclipse.
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明宗天成三年，十二月乙卯，月蝕。 四年，六月癸丑望，月食。 十二月庚戌，月蝕。
In the third year of Tiancheng under Mingzong, on yimao of the twelfth month, there was a lunar eclipse. In the fourth year, on the full moon (guichou) of the sixth month, the moon was eclipsed. On gengxu of the twelfth month there was a lunar eclipse.
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周世宗顯德三年，正月戊申，月蝕。 五年，十一月辛未，月蝕。 ◎月暈
In the third year of Xiande under Zhou Shizong, on wushen of the first month, there was a lunar eclipse. In the fifth year, on xinwei of the eleventh month, there was a lunar eclipse. Lunar Halos
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唐明宗天成元年，十一月，月暈匝火、木。 ◎彗孛梁太祖乾化二年，四月甲戌夜，彗見於靈臺之西。
In the first year of Tiancheng under Tang Mingzong, in the eleventh month the moon showed a halo ringed around the stations of Fire and Wood. Comets and Broom Stars. In the second year of Qianhua under Liang Taizu, on the night of jiaxu in the fourth month, a comet appeared west of the Observatory Terrace.
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唐明宗天成三年，十月庚午夜，西南有孛，長丈餘，東南指，在牛宿五度。
In the third year of Tiancheng under Tang Mingzong, on the night of gengwu in the tenth month, a broom star more than ten feet long appeared in the southwest, its tail toward the southeast, at the fifth degree of the Ox asterism.
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末帝清泰三年，九月己丑，彗出虛、危，長尺餘，形細微，經天壘、哭星。
In the third year of Qingtai under the Last Emperor, on jichou of the ninth month a comet rose from the Emptiness and Rooftop asterisms, a little over a foot long and faint in form, crossing the Celestial Ramparts and the Weeping Star.
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晉高祖天福六年，九月，有彗星長丈餘。 八年，十月庚戌夜，有彗見於東方，西指，尾長一丈，在角九度。
In the sixth year of Tianfu under Jin Gaozu, in the ninth month a comet appeared more than ten feet long. In the eighth year, on the night of gengxu in the tenth month, a comet appeared in the east with its tail toward the west, ten feet long, at the ninth degree of the Horn asterism.
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周太祖顯德三年，正月壬戌夜，有星孛於參角，其芒指於東南。 ◎五星淩犯梁太祖開平二年，正月乙亥，歲星犯月。
In the third year of Xiande under Zhou Taizu, on the night of renxu in the first month a broom star appeared at the corner of the Three Stars asterism, its rays toward the southeast. Encroachments of the Five Planets. In the second year of Kaiping under Liang Taizu, on yihai of the first month Jupiter crossed the moon's path.
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乾化二年，五月壬戌，熒惑犯心大星，去心四度，順行。 占曰：「心為帝王之星。」 其年六月五日，帝崩。
In the second year of Qianhua, on renxu of the fifth month Mars encroached on the chief star of the Heart asterism, four degrees from the Heart, in direct motion. The omen text reads: "The Heart is the star of the sovereign." That year, on the fifth day of the sixth month, the emperor died.
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唐莊宗同光二年，八月戊子，熒惑犯星。 三年，三月丙申，熒惑犯上相。 四月甲申，熒惑犯左執法。 六月丙寅，歲犯右執法。 九月己亥，熒惑在江東犯第一星。 〈（案《歐陽史》：九月丙辰，太白、歲相犯。 薛書不載，疑有闕文。）〉
In the second year of Tongguang under Tang Zhuangzong, on wuzi of the eighth month Mars encroached on the Star asterism. In the third year, on bingshen of the third month Mars encroached on the Upper Minister star. On jiashen of the fourth month Mars encroached on the Left Enforcer star. On bingyin of the sixth month Jupiter encroached on the Right Enforcer star. On jihai of the ninth month Mars, east of the River, encroached on the first star. (Editor's note: Ouyang Xiu's History records that on bingchen of the ninth month Venus and Jupiter came into mutual conjunction.) Xue Juzheng's History does not include this entry; the text here may be defective.)〉
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明宗天成元年，八月癸卯，太白犯心大星。 辛亥，熒惑犯上將。
In the first year of Tiancheng under Mingzong, on guimao of the eighth month Venus encroached on the chief star of the Heart asterism. On xinhai Mars encroached on the Upper General star.
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九月庚午，熒惑犯右執法，已卯，熒惑犯左執法。 十月戊子，熒惑犯上相。 十二月，熒惑犯氐。 二年，正月甲戌，熒惑、歲相犯。 二月辛卯，熒惑犯鍵閉。 三月，熒惑犯上相。 六月辛丑，熒惑犯房。 九月壬子，歲犯房。
On gengwu of the ninth month Mars encroached on the Right Enforcer; on jimao Mars encroached on the Left Enforcer. On wuzi of the tenth month Mars encroached on the Upper Minister star. In the twelfth month Mars encroached on the Base asterism. In the second year, on jiaxu of the first month Mars and Jupiter came into mutual conjunction. On xinmao of the second month Mars encroached on the Key and Barrier stars. In the third month Mars encroached on the Upper Minister star. On xinchou of the sixth month Mars encroached on the Room asterism. On renzi of the ninth month Jupiter encroached on the Room asterism.
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三年，正月壬申，太白、熒惑合於奎。 閏八月癸卯，熒惑犯上將。 乙卯，熒惑犯右執法。 庚午，太白犯左執法。 九月庚辰，鎮、歲合於箕。 辛巳，太白、熒惑合於軫。 十二月壬寅，熒惑犯房，太白、歲相犯於鬥。 四年，三月壬辰，歲犯牛。 九月丙子，熒惑入哭星。
In the third year, on renshen of the first month Venus and Mars conjoined in the Striding Legs asterism. On guimao of the intercalary eighth month Mars encroached on the Upper General star. On yimao Mars encroached on the Right Enforcer star. On gengwu Venus encroached on the Left Enforcer star. On gengchen of the ninth month Saturn and Jupiter conjoined in the Winnowing Basket asterism. On xinsi Venus and Mars conjoined in the Chariot Shaft asterism. On renyin of the twelfth month Mars encroached on the Room asterism; Venus and Jupiter came into mutual conjunction at the Dipper asterism. In the fourth year, on renchen of the third month Jupiter encroached on the Ox asterism. On bingzi of the ninth month Mars entered the Weeping Star.
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長興元年，六月乙卯，太白犯天樽。 十一月壬戌，熒惑犯氐。 十二月丙辰，熒惑犯天江。 二年，正月乙亥，太白犯羽林。 四月甲寅，熒惑犯羽林。 八月，辰犯端門。 十一月丙戌，太白犯鍵閉。 三年，四月庚辰，熒惑犯積屍。 九月庚寅，太白犯哭星。 十一月己亥，太白犯壁壘。 四年，八月己未，五鼓三籌，熒惑近天高星，歲星近司怪，太白近軒轅大星。 〈（案《歐陽史》：九月辛巳，太白犯右執法。 《薛書》不載。）〉
In the first year of Changxing, on yimao of the sixth month Venus encroached on the Celestial Wine Jar. On renxu of the eleventh month Mars encroached on the Base asterism. On bingchen of the twelfth month Mars encroached on the Celestial River. In the second year, on yihai of the first month Venus encroached on the Feathered Forest guard stars. On jiayin of the fourth month Mars encroached on the Feathered Forest guard stars. In the eighth month the planet Chen encroached on the High Gate star. On bingxu of the eleventh month Venus encroached on the Key and Barrier stars. In the third year, on gengchen of the fourth month Mars encroached on the Heap of Corpses star. On gengyin of the ninth month Venus encroached on the Weeping Star. On jihai of the eleventh month Venus encroached on the Ramparts and Walls stars. In the fourth year, on jiwei of the eighth month, at the third watch after the fifth drum, Mars approached the Heaven's Height star, Jupiter approached the Director of Anomalies, and Venus approached the great star of the Chariot Shaft. (Editor's note: Ouyang Xiu's History records that on xinsi of the ninth month Venus encroached on the Right Enforcer star. Xue Juzheng's History does not include this entry.)〉
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末帝清泰元年，六月甲戌，太白犯右執法。
In the first year of Qingtai under the Last Emperor, on jiaxu of the sixth month Venus encroached on the Right Enforcer star.
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開運元年，二月壬戌，太白犯昴。 己巳，熒惑犯天鑰。 四月丁巳，太白犯五諸侯。 七月甲申，太白犯東井。 八月甲辰，熒惑入南斗。 十月壬戌，滎惑犯哭星。 〈（案：此條《歐陽史》不載。）〉 十二月，太白犯辰。 二年，八月甲戌，歲犯東井。 九月甲寅，太白犯南斗魁。 十一月甲午朔，太白犯哭星。
In the first year of Kaiyun, on renxu of the second month Venus encroached on the Hairy Head asterism. On jisi Mars encroached on the Celestial Key star. On dingsi of the fourth month Venus encroached on the Five Feudal Lords stars. On jiashen of the seventh month Venus encroached on the Eastern Well asterism. On jiachen of the eighth month Mars entered the Southern Dipper asterism. On renxu of the tenth month Mars encroached on the Weeping Star. (Editor's note: Ouyang Xiu's History does not include this entry.)〉 In the twelfth month Venus encroached on the Chen star. In the second year, on jiaxu of the eighth month Jupiter encroached on the Eastern Well asterism. On jiayin of the ninth month Venus encroached on the chief star of the Southern Dipper. On the new moon of the eleventh month (jiawu) Venus encroached on the Weeping Star.
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漢天福十二年，十月己丑，太白犯亢距星。
In the twelfth year of Tianfu under Han, on jichou of the tenth month Venus encroached on the Neck asterism's distance star.
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乾祐元年，八月己丑，鎮星入太微西垣。 戊戌，歲犯右執法。 十月丁丑，歲犯左執法。 二年，九月壬寅，太白犯右執法。 庚戌，太白犯鎮。 丁卯，太白犯歲。 十一月，鎮星始出太微之左掖門。 自元年八月己丑，鎮星入太微垣，犯上將、左右執法、內屏、謁者，勾己往來，凡四百四十三日方出左掖。 三年，六月乙卯，鎮犯左掖。 七月甲申，熒惑犯司怪。 八月癸卯，太白犯房。 庚戌，太白犯心大星。 十月辛酉，太白犯歲。
In the first year of Qianyou, on jichou of the eighth month Saturn entered the western wall of the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On wuxu Jupiter encroached on the Right Enforcer star. On dingchou of the tenth month Jupiter encroached on the Left Enforcer star. In the second year, on renyin of the ninth month Venus encroached on the Right Enforcer star. On gengxu Venus encroached on Saturn. On dingmao Venus encroached on Jupiter. In the eleventh month Saturn finally left the Supreme Palace Enclosure by the Left Flank Gate. Since jichou of the eighth month in the first year Saturn had been inside the Supreme Palace Enclosure, crossing the Upper General, the Left and Right Enforcers, the Inner Screen, and the Usher stars in looping retrograde motion; only after four hundred forty-three days did it exit by the Left Flank. In the third year, on yimao of the sixth month Saturn encroached on the Left Flank Gate. On jiashen of the seventh month Mars encroached on the Director of Anomalies star. On guimao of the eighth month Venus encroached on the Room asterism. On gengxu Venus encroached on the chief star of the Heart asterism. On xinyou of the tenth month Venus encroached on Jupiter.
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周廣順元年，二月丁巳，歲犯鹹池。 己未，熒惑犯五諸侯。 三月甲子，歲守心。 己卯，熒惑犯鬼。 壬午，熒惑犯天戶。 四月甲午，歲犯鉤鈐。 二年七月，熒惑犯井鉞。 八月乙未，熒惑犯天樽。 九月辛酉，熒惑犯鬼。 庚辰，熒惑掩右執法。 十月壬辰，太白犯進賢。 三年，四月乙丑，熒惑犯靈臺。 五月辛巳，熒惑犯上將。
In the first year of Guangshun under Zhou, on dingsi of the second month Jupiter encroached on the Salty Pool asterism. On jiwei Mars encroached on the Five Feudal Lords stars. On jiazi of the third month Jupiter stationed itself at the Heart asterism. On jimao Mars encroached on the Ghost asterism. On renwu Mars encroached on the Celestial Gate star. On jiawu of the fourth month Jupiter encroached on the Curved Halberds stars. In the seventh month of the second year Mars encroached on the Well Battle-axe star. On yiwei of the eighth month Mars encroached on the Celestial Wine Jar. On xinyou of the ninth month Mars encroached on the Ghost asterism. On gengchen Mars occulted the Right Enforcer star. On renchen of the tenth month Venus encroached on the Advancement of Worthies star. In the third year, on yichou of the fourth month Mars encroached on the Spirit Terrace asterism. On xinsi of the fifth month Mars encroached on the Upper General star.
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顯德六年，六月庚子，熒惑與心大星合度，光芒相射。 先是，熒惑勾己於房、心間，凡數月，至是與心大星合度，是夜順行。 〈（案：此條《歐陽史》不載。）〉
In the sixth year of Xiande, on gengzi of the sixth month Mars and the chief star of the Heart stood at the same degree, their light beams crossing. For months Mars had looped in retrograde between the Room and Heart asterisms; now it joined the Heart's chief star in longitude, and that night resumed direct motion. (Editor's note: Ouyang Xiu's History does not include this entry.)〉
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◎星晝見唐同光三年，六月己巳，太白晝見。 天成元年，七月庚申，太白晝見。
Stars Seen by Day. In the third year of Tongguang under Tang, on jisi of the sixth month Venus was visible in daylight. In the first year of Tiancheng, on gengshen of the seventh month Venus was visible in daylight.
33
長興二年，五月己亥，歲星晝見。 閏五月己巳，歲星晝見。 八月戊子，太白晝見。 三年，十月壬申，太白晝見。 四年，五月癸卯，太白晝見。 清泰元年，五月己未，太白晝見。
In the second year of Changxing, on jihai of the fifth month Jupiter was visible in daylight. On jisi of the intercalary fifth month Jupiter was visible in daylight. On wuzi of the eighth month Venus was visible in daylight. In the third year, on renshen of the tenth month Venus was visible in daylight. In the fourth year, on guimao of the fifth month Venus was visible in daylight. In the first year of Qingtai, on jiwei of the fifth month Venus was visible in daylight.
34
漢天福十三年，四月丙子，太白晝見。 乾祐二年，四月壬午，太白晝見，
In the thirteenth year of Tianfu under Han, on bingzi of the fourth month Venus was visible in daylight. In the second year of Qianyou, on renwu of the fourth month Venus was visible in daylight,
35
周廣順二年，二月庚寅，太白經天。 ◎流星
In the second year of Guangshun under Zhou, on gengyin of the second month Venus crossed the meridian at culmination. Shooting Stars
36
梁乾化元年，十一月甲辰，東方有流星如數升器，出畢宿口，曳光三丈餘，有聲如雷。
In the first year of Qianhua under Liang, on jiachen of the eleventh month a meteor like a multi-pint vessel appeared in the east, emerging from the Net asterism's opening, trailing light for more than thirty feet with a thunderous roar.
37
唐長興二年，九月丙戌夜，二鼓初，東北方有小流星入北斗魁滅。 至五鼓初，西北方次北有流星，狀如半升器，初小後大，速流如奎滅。 尾跡凝天，屈曲似雲而散，光明燭地。 又東北有流星如大桃，出下臺星，西北速流，至斗柄第三星旁滅。 五鼓後至明，中天及四方有小流星百餘，流註交橫。
In the second year of Changxing under Tang, on the night of bingxu in the ninth month, at the second watch a small meteor entered the Dipper's leader and vanished. By the fifth watch, north-northwest, a meteor shaped like a half-pint cup appeared, small at first then swelling as it streaked swiftly and vanished near the Striding Legs asterism. Its wake coiled across the sky, curling like clouds before dispersing, its light bright enough to light the ground. Another meteor like a large peach rose in the northeast from the Lower Terrace star, streaked northwest, and vanished beside the third star of the Dipper's handle. From the fifth watch until dawn, more than a hundred small meteors crossed the zenith and all quarters of the sky in intersecting trails.
38
應順元年春，二月辛未夜，有大星如五升器，流於東北，有聲如雷。
In spring of the first year of Yingshun, on the night of xinwei in the second month a great meteor like a five-pint vessel streaked northeast with a thunderous roar.
39
清泰元年，九月辛丑夜，五鼓初，有大星如五斗器而南流，尾跡長數丈，亦赤色，移時盤屈如龍形，蹙縮如二鏵，相鬥而散。 又一星稍小，東流，有尾跡，凝成白氣，食頃方散。
In the first year of Qingtai, on the night of xinchou in the ninth month, at the fifth watch a great meteor like a bushel measure streamed south, its red tail trailing for many feet; for a while it writhed like a dragon, then contracted like two plow blades clashing before breaking apart. A somewhat smaller star followed eastward, its trail condensing into white vapor that took the length of a meal to dissipate.
40
晉天福三年，三月壬申夜，四鼓後，東方有大流星，狀如三升器，其色白，長尺餘，屈曲流出河鼓星東三尺，流丈餘滅。
In the third year of Tianfu under Jin, on the night of renshen in the third month, after the fourth watch a great white meteor like a three-pint vessel appeared in the east, a little over a foot long; curving outward three feet east of the Drum at the River star, it streaked for more than ten feet and vanished.
41
◎雲氣
Cloud Vapors and Omens
42
梁開平二年，三月丁丑夜，月有蒼白暈，又有白氣如人形十餘，皆東向，出於暈內。 九月乙酉，平旦，西方有氣如人形甚眾，皆若俯伏之狀，經刻乃散。
In the second year of Kaiping under Liang, on the night of dingchou in the third month the moon wore a pale bluish halo, and more than ten white vapors shaped like human figures, all facing east, emerged from within it. On yiyou of the ninth month at dawn, a great host of human-shaped vapors appeared in the west, all seeming to bow prostrate; they dispersed after about fifteen minutes.
43
唐同光三年，日有背氣，凡十二。 三年，九月丁未夜，遍天陰雲，北方有聲如雷，四面雞雉皆雊，俗謂之「天狗落」。 是歲，日有背氣，凡十三。 是月，司天監奏：「自七月三日陰雲大雨，至九月十八日後方晴，三辰行度災祥，數日不見。」 閏十二月庚午，日有黑氣，似日，交相錯磨，測在室十度。
In the third year of Tongguang under Tang, opposing solar halos appeared twelve times. In the third year, on the night of dingwei in the ninth month the sky was wholly overcast; thunder rolled in the north and fowl crowed on every side—the folk called it "the celestial dog falling." That year opposing solar halos appeared thirteen times. That month the astronomical directorate reported: "From the third day of the seventh month clouds and heavy rain persisted until after the eighteenth of the ninth month; for days we could not observe the sun, moon, and stars or read their omens." On gengwu of the intercalary twelfth month a black vapor like a second sun appeared beside the disk, the two grinding against each other; observation placed it at the tenth degree of the Encampment asterism.
44
天成二年，十二月壬辰，西方有赤氣，如火焰焰，約二千里。 占者云「不出二年，其下當有大兵。」
In the second year of Tiancheng, on renchen of the twelfth month red vapor like leaping flames stretched across the western sky for some two thousand li. Diviners said: "Within two years great armies will march in the region beneath it."
45
長興三年，六月，司天監奏：「自月初至月終，每夜陰雲蔽天，不辨星月。」 應順元年，四月九日，白虹貫日，是時閔帝遇害。
In the third year of Changxing, in the sixth month the astronomical directorate reported: "From the first to the last night of the month clouds shrouded the sky each night so that neither stars nor moon could be seen." In the first year of Yingshun, on the ninth day of the fourth month a white rainbow pierced the sun; at that time Emperor Min was assassinated.
46
晉天福初，高祖將建義於太原，日傍多有五色雲，如蓮芰之狀。 二年，正月丙辰，一鼓初，北方有赤氣，向西至戌亥地，東北至醜地已來向北，闊三丈餘，狀如火光。 赤氣內見紫微宮共北斗諸星，其氣乍明乍暗。 至三點後，後有白氣數條，相次西行，直至三鼓後散。
At the start of the Tianfu era, as Jin Gaozu prepared to raise his banner at Taiyuan, five-colored clouds like lotus pods gathered beside the sun. In the second year, on bingchen of the first month, at the first watch red vapor appeared in the north, stretching west toward the xu-hai quarter and from the northeast through the chou quarter northward, more than thirty feet wide and like blazing fire. Within the red glow the Purple Forbidden Enclosure and the stars of the Northern Dipper could be seen, the vapor brightening and fading by turns. After the third hour several streaks of white vapor followed one another westward until they dispersed after the third watch.
47
漢乾祐二年十二月，日暈三重，上有背氣。
In the twelfth month of the second year of Qianyou under Han, the sun showed a triple halo with an opposing arc above it.
48
周顯德三年，十二月庚午，白虹貫日，氣暈勾環。
In the third year of Xiande under Zhou, on gengwu of the twelfth month a white rainbow pierced the sun, halos hooking and ringing around the disk.