1
梁書卷第二本紀第二
Book of Liang, Volume 2, Annals 2
2
武帝中
Emperor Wu, Middle Period
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天監元年夏四月丙寅，高祖卽皇帝位於南郊。 設壇柴燎，告類于天曰：「皇帝臣衍，敢用玄牡，昭告于皇天后帝：齊氏以曆運斯旣，否終則亨，欽若天應，以命于衍。 夫任是司牧，惟能是授； 天命不于常，帝王非一族。 唐謝虞受，漢替魏升，爰及晉、宋，憲章在昔。 咸以君德馭四海，元功子萬姓，故能大庇氓黎，光宅區宇。 齊代云季，世主昏凶，狡焉羣慝，是崇是長，肆厥姦回暴亂，以播虐于我有邦，俾溥天惴惴，將墜于深壑。 九服八荒之內，連率岳牧之君，蹶角頓顙，匡救無術，臥薪待然，援天靡訴。 衍投袂星言，摧鋒萬里，厲其掛冠之情，用拯兆民之切。 銜膽誓衆，覆銳屠堅，建立人主，克翦昏亂。 遂因時來，宰司邦國，濟民康世，實有厥勞。 而晷緯呈祥，川岳效祉，朝夕坰牧，日月郊畿。 代終之符旣顯，革運之期已萃，殊俗百蠻，重譯獻款，人神遠邇，罔不和會。 於是羣公卿士，咸致厥誠，並以皇乾降命，難以謙拒。 齊帝脫屣萬邦，授以神器。 衍自惟匪德，辭不獲許。 仰迫上玄之眷，俯惟億兆之心，宸極不可久曠，民神不可乏主，遂藉樂推，膺此嘉祚。 以茲寡薄，臨御萬方，顧求夙志，永言祗惕。 敬簡元辰，恭茲大禮，升壇受禪，告類上帝，克播休祉，以弘盛烈，式傳厥後，用永保于我有梁。 惟明靈是饗。」
On bingyin day in the fourth month of Tianjian 1 (502 CE), Gaozu took the throne at the Southern Suburbs. An altar was raised and sacrificial wood burned as he announced to Heaven, "Your servant Yan, Emperor, dares with a black bullock to declare to August Heaven: Qi's allotted time is spent; obstruction has given way to prosperity; following Heaven's sign, the mandate falls to Yan. To govern the people, office goes only to the capable; Heaven's mandate is not constant, and rulers need not come from one clan. Tang gave way to Yu, Han rose in Wei's place, and Jin and Song followed—the precedent runs deep. Each ruled the realm by virtue, owed his founding to the people, sheltered the masses, and held the land in glory. Qi entered its decline under a benighted, cruel ruler who exalted wicked men; treachery and violence spread through the realm until all under Heaven seemed ready to fall into an abyss. Across the realm, governors and frontier lords bowed low, could find no remedy, lay on kindling waiting for the blaze, and had no recourse to Heaven. Yan flung up his sleeves and marched at once, driving his spears ten thousand li, hardened in his resolve to lay down office and save the people from urgent peril. He swore the host with gall between his teeth, broke sharp ranks and cut down the hard, raised a rightful ruler, and swept away benighted chaos. Seizing the moment, he governed the realm, brought ease to the people and peace to the age, and truly earned his merit. Heavenly signs turned auspicious, rivers and mountains sent blessings, and reports flowed morning and evening from the frontiers and the capital. The omens of dynastic change were clear, the hour of revolution had come, distant peoples sent tribute through many translators, and men and spirits near and far all joined in accord. Then lords, ministers, and officials all pledged their loyalty, saying Heaven had lowered the mandate and modest refusal was impossible. The Qi emperor cast off the realm like worn shoes and surrendered the imperial regalia. Yan judged himself unworthy, but his refusal was not accepted. Heaven pressed from above, the people pressed from below; the throne could not stand empty, the realm could not lack a ruler—so he accepted the mandate through the people's willing acclaim. With scant virtue he took the throne over all lands, mindful of his old resolve, ever reverent and cautious. On the chosen day he performed the great rite, ascended the altar to receive abdication, and announced to Heaven his hope to spread blessing, magnify the achievement, pass it to posterity, and forever preserve Liang. May the bright spirits accept this offering."
4
禮畢，備法駕卽建康宮，臨太極前殿。 詔曰：「五精遞襲，皇王所以受命； 四海樂推，殷、周所以改物。 雖禪代相舛，遭會異時，而微明迭用，其流遠矣。 莫不振民育德，光被黎元。 朕以寡闇，命不先後，寧濟之功，屬當期運，乘此時來，因心萬物，遂振厥弛維，大造區夏，永言前蹤，義均慙德。 齊氏以代終有𧗲，歷數云改，欽若前載，集大命于朕躬。 顧惟菲德，辭不獲命，寅畏上靈，用膺景業。 執禋柴之禮，當與能之祚，繼迹百王，君臨四海，若涉大川，罔知攸濟。 洪基初兆，萬品權輿，思俾慶澤，覃被率土。 可大赦天下。 改齊中興二年爲天監元年。 賜民爵二級； 文武加位二等； 鰥寡孤獨不能自存者，人穀五斛。 逋布、口錢、宿債勿復收。 其犯鄉論清議，贓汙淫盜，一皆蕩滌，洗除前注，與之更始。」
When the rites ended, he entered Jiankang Palace with full imperial escort and took his seat in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate. An edict said, "The Five Essences pass in turn—that is how emperors and kings receive the mandate; when the four seas gladly acclaim one—that is how Yin and Zhou changed the throne. Though abdication and succession differ and times change, the pattern of light and shadow alternating runs far back. None failed to revive the people, nurture virtue, and spread their light over the common folk. I am obscure and untested; the work of settling the realm falls to this hour; seizing the moment, I restored slackened bonds and remade the Central Xia—yet beside the paths of old I feel my virtue wanting. Qi's allotted span had reached its limit, the reckoning of fate had turned, and reverently following precedent the great mandate gathered on me. Knowing my slight virtue, I could not refuse; in awe of Heaven I accepted the bright enterprise. Having performed the burnt-offering rites and taken up the throne of the capable, I follow the hundred kings and rule the four seas like a man crossing a great river without knowing where to land. The great foundation is newly laid and the myriad things just rising; I wish to spread blessing through the whole realm. A general amnesty is granted for the empire. Qi Zhongxing 2 is changed to Tianjian 1. The people are granted two ranks of nobility; civil and military officials are advanced two ranks; widowers, widows, orphans, and the destitute receive five hu of grain each. Arrears in cloth levies, head taxes, and old debts are forgiven. Those condemned for corruption, debauchery, or theft under local moral verdicts are pardoned, their records erased, and given a fresh start."
5
封齊帝爲巴陵王，全食一郡。 載天子旌旗，乘五時副車。 行齊正朔。 郊祀天地，禮樂制度，皆用齊典。 齊宣德皇后爲齊文帝妃，齊后王氏爲巴陵王妃。
The Qi emperor is enfeoffed as Prince of Baling with the full revenue of one commandery. He bears the imperial banner and rides in the five-season escort chariots. He follows Qi's calendar. Sacrifices to Heaven and Earth, ritual, music, and institutions all follow Qi precedent. Qi Empress Xuande became consort to Qi Emperor Wen, and Qi Empress Wang became Princess of Baling.
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詔曰：「興運升降，前代舊章。 齊世王侯封爵，悉皆降省。 其有效著艱難者，別有後命。 惟宋汝陰王不在除例。」 又詔曰：「大運肇升，嘉慶惟始，劫賊餘口沒在臺府者，悉可蠲放。 諸流徙之家，並聽還本。」
An edict said, "The rise and fall of fortune was governed by old rules in former dynasties. Qi-era princes, marquises, and their enfeoffments are all reduced. Those who showed outstanding merit in hardship will receive separate orders later. Only the Song Prince of Ruyin is exempt from this reduction. Another edict said, "As the new fortune rises and celebration begins, captives taken from bandits and held in government offices may all be released. All exiled households are permitted to return home."
7
追尊皇考爲文皇帝，廟曰太祖； 皇妣爲獻皇后。 追諡妃郗氏爲德皇后。 追封兄太傅懿爲長沙郡王，諡曰宣武； 齊後軍諮議敷爲永陽郡王，諡曰昭； 弟齊太常暢爲衡陽郡王，諡曰宣； 齊給事黃門侍郎融爲桂陽郡王，諡曰簡。
The Late Emperor's father is posthumously honored as Emperor Wen, temple name Taizu; and his mother as Empress Xian. Consort Lady Chi is posthumously titled Empress De. Elder brother Yi, Grand Tutor, is posthumously enfeoffed Prince of Changsha with posthumous title Xuanwu; Qi Rear Army Advisory Aide Fu as Prince of Yongyang, posthumous title Zhao; younger brother Qi Grand Master of Ceremonies Chang as Prince of Hengyang, posthumous title Xuan; and Qi Bearer of the Yellow Gate Rong as Prince of Guiyang, posthumous title Jian.
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是日，詔封文武功臣新除車騎將軍夏侯詳等十五人爲公侯，食邑各有差。 以弟中護軍宏爲揚州刺史，封爲臨川郡王； 南徐州刺史秀安成郡王； 雍州刺史偉建安郡王； 左衛將軍恢鄱陽郡王； 荊州刺史憺始興郡王。
That day an edict enfeoffed fifteen civil and military merit officials, including newly appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry Xiahou Xiang, as dukes and marquises with fiefs of varying size. Younger brother Hong, Central Army Protector, was made Yangzhou inspector and enfeoffed Prince of Linchuan; Xiu, South Xu province inspector, Prince of Ancheng; Wei, Yong province inspector, Prince of Jian'an; Hui, Left Guard General, Prince of Poyang; and Dan, Jing province inspector, Prince of Shixing.
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丁卯，加領軍將軍王茂鎮軍將軍。 以中書監王亮爲尚書令、中軍將軍，相國左長史王瑩爲中書監、撫軍將軍，吏部尚書沈約爲尚書僕射，長兼侍中範雲爲散騎常侍、吏部尚書。
On dingmao, General Who Leads the Army Wang Mao was additionally made General Who Stabilizes the Army. Palace Director Wang Liang became Director of the Masters of Writing and Central Army General; Chancellor of State Left Chief Clerk Wang Ying became Palace Director and Pacification Army General; Minister of Personnel Shen Yue became Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; Chief Concurrent Palace Attendant Fan Yun became Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and Minister of Personnel.
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詔曰：「宋氏以來，並恣淫侈，傾宮之富，遂盈數千。 推算五都，愁窮四海，並嬰罹冤橫，拘逼不一。 撫弦命管，良家不被蠲； 織室繡房，幽厄猶見役。 弊國傷和，莫斯爲甚。 凡後宮樂府，西解暴室，諸如此例，一皆放遣。 若衰老不能自存，官給廩食。」
An edict said, "Since Song, extravagance ran unchecked until the wealth drained from the palace reached thousands. Across the five capitals, sorrow and poverty filled the four seas; all suffered wrongful harm, confinement, and coercion in countless forms. Musicians were pressed from good families without exemption; in weaving rooms and embroidery chambers, women in hidden hardship were still forced to labor. Nothing harmed the state and disrupted harmony more than this. All palace women's quarters, music offices, Western Release, Violent Chamber, and all such cases are to be discharged. Those too old to support themselves are to receive grain from the government."
11
己巳，以光祿大夫張瑰爲右光祿大夫。 庚午，鎮南將軍、江州刺史陳伯之進號征南將軍。
On jisi, Palace Grandee Zhang Gui was made Right Palace Grandee. On gengwu, General Who Stabilizes the South and Jiangzhou inspector Chen Bozhi was promoted to General Who Conquers the South.
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詔曰：「觀風省俗，哲后弘規； 狩岳巡方，明王盛軌。 所以重華在上，五品聿修； 文命肇基，四載斯履。 故能物色幽微，耳目屠釣，致王業於緝熙，被淳風於遐邇。 朕以寡薄，昧于治方，藉代終之運，當符命之重，取監前古，懍若馭朽。 思所以振民育德，去殺勝殘，解網更張，置之仁壽； 而明慚照遠，智不周物，兼以歲之不易，未遑卜征，興言夕惕，無忘鑒寐。 可分遣內侍，周省四方，觀政聽謠，訪賢舉滯。 其有田野不辟，獄訟無章，忘公殉私，侵漁是務者，悉隨事以聞。 若懷寶迷邦，蘊奇待價，蓄響藏真，不求聞達，並依名騰奏，罔或遺隱。 使輶軒所屆，如朕親覽焉。」
An edict said, "Observing the wind and examining custom was the grand model of enlightened rulers; hunting on the sacred mountains and touring the regions was the great precedent of illumined kings. Thus when Chonghua ruled, the five ranks were put in order; when Wenming laid the foundation, he traveled the realm for four years. Thus he could seek out the obscure, take fisherfolk and butchers into his counsel, bring royal enterprise to splendor, and spread pure custom far and near. I am slight and untested, ignorant of governance, bearing the weight of the mandate at a dynastic turning point—taking warning from antiquity, I tremble like one driving rotten wood. I seek to revive the people and nurture virtue, replace killing with mercy, loosen the net and spread it anew, and place all in benevolence and long life; yet my light does not reach far enough, my wisdom does not compass all things, and this hard year leaves no time for a tour—I am vigilant evening and morning and cannot forget it even in sleep. Palace attendants are to be sent out to survey the four directions, observe government and hear folk songs, visit the worthy, and recommend the stalled. Where fields lie fallow, lawsuits lack standards, public duty is sacrificed to private gain, or oppression is the sole pursuit—all is to be reported as it arises. If one hides talent and loses the state, hoards ability awaiting its price, stores repute and conceals truth, seeking no renown—each is to be memorialized by name, none omitted or concealed. Where the imperial carriage reaches, it shall be as if I saw it myself."
13
又詔曰：「金作贖刑，有聞自昔，入縑以免，施於中世，民悅法行，莫尚乎此。 永言叔世，偷薄成風，嬰諐入罪，厥塗匪一。 斷弊之書，日纏於聽覽； 鉗钅犬之刑，歲積於牢犴。 死者不可復生，刑者無因自返，由此而望滋實，庸可致乎？ 朕夕惕思治，念崇政術，斟酌前王，擇其令典，有可以憲章邦國，罔不由之。 釋愧心於四海，昭情素於萬物。 俗偽日久，禁網彌繁。 漢文四百，邈焉已遠。 雖省事清心，無忘日用，而委銜廢策，事未獲從。 可依周、漢舊典，有罪入贖，外詳爲條格，以時奏聞。」
Another edict said, "Redeeming punishment with metal was known from old, and paying silk to avoid penalty was used in the middle age—the people delighted in the law, and nothing was more esteemed. Long have I lamented the declining age, when pettiness became the wind and even infants fell into guilt by many paths. Documents cutting off abuses daily crowd my hearing and sight; fetter and cangue punishments pile year upon year in the prisons. The dead cannot live again, and the punished cannot return on their own—how then can the population grow and the fields flourish? I think of governance every evening, intent on elevating the art of rule, weighing the former kings and choosing their fine statutes—what can serve as law for the realm, none shall fail to follow. I would release shame before the four seas and declare plain sincerity to the ten thousand things. Custom has long been false, and prohibitions and nets grow ever more numerous. Four hundred years have passed since Han Wendi—how distant that seems. Though I reduce affairs and clear the heart, not forgetting daily governance, the plan to loosen the reins has not yet been achieved. We may follow Zhou and Han old statutes and allow the guilty to redeem by payment; detailed articles are to be drawn up and submitted in due time."
14
辛未，以中領軍蔡道恭爲司州刺史。 以新除謝沐縣公蕭寶義爲巴陵王，以奉齊祀。 復南蘭陵武進縣，依前代之科。 徵謝朏爲左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司，何胤爲右光祿大夫。 改南東海爲蘭陵郡。 土斷南徐州諸僑郡縣。
On xinwei, Central Army Commander Cai Daogong was made Si province inspector. The newly dismissed Duke of Xiemu county Xiao Baoyi was made Prince of Baling to maintain Qi ancestral rites. Nan Lanling's Wujin county was restored according to former dynasties' statutes. Xie Tiao was appointed Left Supernumerary Grand Master with full ministerial honors; He Yin became Right Supernumerary Grand Master. South Donghai commandery was renamed Lanling. The court fixed land tenure for every refugee district in South Xuzhou.
15
癸酉，詔曰：「商俗甫移，遺風尚熾，下不上達，由來遠矣。 升中馭索，增其懍然。 可於公車府謗木肺石傍各置一函。 若肉食莫言，山阿欲有橫議，投謗木函。 若從我江、漢，功在可策，犀兕徒弊，龍蛇方縣； 次身才高妙，擯壓莫通，懷傅、呂之術，抱屈、賈之歎，其理有皦然，受困包匭； 夫大政侵小，豪門陵賤，四民已窮，九重莫達。 若欲自申，並可投肺石函。」
On guiyou day an edict declared, "Shang ways have barely changed, but old habits still run hot; the grievances of the low never reach the high—and that has been true for ages. To climb the sacred height and hold the reins should fill one with dread and humility. Place a letter box beside the suggestion post and another beside the accusation stone at the Palace Coach Office. If men at court stay mute while voices in the hills wish to speak, let them put their words in the suggestion box. If you marched with me from the Jiang and Han, your deeds worth recording, yet fine talent goes unused while great men still wait in the wings; or if your gifts are bright but you are shut out, holding the skill of Fu and Lü yet sighing like Qu and Jia—your case clear as day, yet you languish unseen in a box; When power crushes the weak and great houses ride over the humble, the people are spent and no cry reaches the throne. If you wish to state your grievance, put it in the accusation box as well."
16
甲戍，詔斷遠近上慶禮。
On jiaxu day the court forbade congratulatory offerings from every quarter.
17
又詔曰：「禮闈文閣，宜率舊章，貴賤旣位，各有差等，俯仰拜伏，以明王度，濟濟洋洋，具瞻斯在。 頃因多難，治綱弛落，官非積及，榮由幸至。 六軍尸四品之職，青紫治白簿之勞。 振衣朝伍，長揖卿相，趨步廣闥，並驅丞郎。 遂冠履倒錯，珪甑莫辨。 靜言疚懷，思返流弊。 且翫法惰官，動成逋弛，罰以常科，終未懲革。 夫檟楚申威，蓋代斷趾，笞捶有令，如或可從。 外詳共平議，務盡厥理。」
Another edict read, "Court ritual and the halls of learning must follow ancient rule. Rank high or low, each man in his place should bow and rise to show the king's order—stately, orderly, worthy of every eye. Lately endless turmoil has loosened the bonds of rule. Posts no longer come from long service; rank arrives by luck alone. Soldiers of the Six Armies hold fourth-rank offices; men in purple and green do the work of clerks. They strut in the morning ranks, bow casually to ministers, stride through broad gates, and ride neck and neck with junior secretaries. Hat and shoe are turned upside down; jade regalia and common pottery look the same. When I sit in silence, shame fills me. I mean to turn back this tide of decay. Officials who treat the law as a toy and neglect their duties grow slack at every step. Ordinary penalties no longer change them. The rod and lash once stood for royal awe—in old times they replaced cutting off the feet. Whipping has its rule; perhaps we should use it again. Let the outer court debate this openly and settle what is right."
18
癸未，詔「相國府職吏，可依資勞度臺； 若職限已盈，所度之餘，及驃騎府並可賜滿。」
On guiwei day an edict said, "Clerks of the Chancellor of State may, by seniority and service, be considered for Secretariat posts; if the posts are full, the rest—and those of the Rapid Cavalry office as well—may receive full rank all the same."
19
閏月丁酉，以行宕昌王梁彌邕爲安西將軍、河涼二州刺史，正封宕昌王。 壬寅，以車騎將軍夏侯詳爲右光祿大夫。
In the leap month, on dingyou day, Acting Prince of Dangchang Liang Miyong became General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of He and Liang, and was formally enfeoffed Prince of Dangchang. On renyin day General of Chariots and Cavalry Xiahou Xiang was appointed Right Supernumerary Grand Master.
20
詔曰：「成務弘風，肅厲內外，實由設官分職，互相懲糾。 而頃壹拘常式，見失方奏，多容違惰，莫肯執咎，憲綱日弛，漸以爲俗，今端右可以風聞奏事，依元熙舊制。」
An edict declared, "Great work and upright custom, discipline within and without—these come from clear offices, divided duties, and men who check one another. Lately everyone clings to routine. Wrongdoing is reported only after harm is done. Neglect is indulged and no one accepts blame. The law grows slack day by day until slackness itself is custom. From now on the chief ministers may report what they hear, as in the Yuanxi era."
21
五月乙亥夜，盜入南、北掖，燒神虎門、總章觀，害衛尉卿張弘策。 戊子，江州刺史陳伯之舉兵反，以領軍將軍王茂爲征南將軍、江州刺史，率衆討之。
In the fifth month, on the night of yihai day, robbers broke into the Southern and Northern Side Gates, set fire to Shenhu Gate and Zongzhang View, and killed Commandant of the Guards Zhang Hongce. On wuzi day Jiangzhou inspector Chen Bozhi rebelled with an army. Staff Officer of the Army Wang Mao was made General Who Pacifies the South and Jiangzhou inspector and sent to crush him.
22
六月庚戌，以行北秦州刺史楊紹先爲北秦州刺史、武都王。 是月，陳伯之奔魏，江州平。 前益州刺史劉季連據成都反。
In the sixth month, on gengxu day, Acting North Qinzhou inspector Yang Shaoixian became North Qinzhou inspector and Prince of Wudu. That month Chen Bozhi fled to Wei and Jiangzhou was pacified. Former Yizhou inspector Liu Jilian seized Chengdu and rebelled.
23
八月戊戌，置建康三官。 乙巳，平北將軍、西涼州刺史象舒彭進號安西將軍，封鄧至王。 丁未，詔中書監王瑩等八人參定律令。 是月，詔尚書曹郎依昔奏事。 林邑、干陁利國各遣使獻方物。
In the eighth month, on wuxu day, the Three Offices of Jiankang were created. On yisi day General Who Pacifies the North and West Liangzhou inspector Xiang Shupeng was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West and enfeoffed Prince of Dengzhi. On dingwei day the court ordered Secretariat supervisor Wang Ying and eight others to draft laws and ordinances together. That month an edict restored the old practice of Ministry bureau chiefs presenting business directly. Linyi and Gandhari each sent envoys with local tribute.
24
冬十一月己未，立小廟。 甲子，立皇子統爲皇太子。
In the eleventh month of winter, on jiwei day, the Lesser Temple was established. On jiazi day the emperor's son Tong was made crown prince.
25
十二月丙申，以國子祭酒張稷爲護軍將軍。 辛亥，護軍將軍張稷免。
In the twelfth month, on bingshen day, National University chancellor Zhang Ji was made General Who Protects the Army. On xinhai day General Who Protects the Army Zhang Ji was removed from office.
26
是歲大旱，米斗五千，人多餓死。
That year drought struck hard. A peck of rice cost five thousand cash, and many starved.
27
二年春正月甲寅朔，詔曰：「三訊五聽，著自聖典，哀矜折獄，義重前誥，蓋所以明慎用刑，深戒疑枉，成功致治，罔不由茲。 朕自籓部，常躬訊錄，求理得情，洪細必盡。 末運弛網，斯政又闕，牢犴沉壅，申訴靡從。 朕屬當期運，君臨兆億，雖復齋居宣室，留心聽斷； 而九牧遐荒，無因臨覽。 深懼懷冤就鞫，匪惟一方。 可申敕諸州，月一臨訊，博詢擇善，務在確實。」 乙卯，以尚書僕射沈約爲尚書左僕射； 吏部尚書范雲爲尚書右僕射； 前將軍鄱陽王恢爲南徐州刺史； 尚書令王亮爲左光祿大夫； 右衛將軍柳慶遠爲中領軍。 丙辰，尚書令、新除左光祿大夫王亮免。
In spring of year 2, on the new moon of the first month, jiayin day, an edict said, "Three inquiries and five hearings belong to the sage canon. Mercy in judgment was prized by our forebears. Care in punishment and fear of wrongful conviction—the path to good rule runs through both. When I held my fief I heard cases myself, seeking truth in every matter, large or small, until nothing was left untried. In the late age the net slackened and this practice fell away. Prisons clogged, and the wronged had no one to hear them. Heaven's charge is mine and the realm looks to me. Though I fast in the Xuan Chamber and weigh every case, the nine provinces stretch far into the wilds, and I cannot see them with my own eyes. I fear the wronged are judged unfairly not in one place alone, but everywhere. Let every province be ordered to hold hearings once a month, to inquire widely, choose what is sound, and seek the truth. On yimao day Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Shen Yue became Left Vice Director; Minister of Personnel Fan Yun became Right Vice Director; Former general Prince of Poyang Hui was made South Xuzhou inspector; Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Liang was made Left Supernumerary Grand Master; Right Guard General Liu Qingyuan was made Central Army Commander. On bingchen day Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Liang, newly made Left Supernumerary Grand Master, was dismissed.
28
夏四月癸卯，尚書刪定郎蔡法度上《梁律》二十卷、《令》三十卷、《科》四十卷。
In summer, fourth month, on guimao day, Review Bureau chief Cai Fadu submitted the Liang Code in twenty scrolls, Ordinances in thirty, and Administrative Precedents in forty.
29
五月丁巳，尚書右僕射範雲卒。 乙丑，益州刺史鄧元起克成都，曲赦益州。 壬申，斷諸郡縣獻奉二宮。 惟諸州及會稽，職惟嶽牧，許薦任土，若非地產，亦不得貢。
In the fifth month, on dingsi day, Right Vice Director Fan Yun died. On yichou day Yizhou inspector Deng Yuanqi took Chengdu, and Yizhou received a partial amnesty. On renshen day the court ended tribute from every commandery and county to the Two Palaces. Only the provinces and Kuaiji, whose officers serve as territorial lords, may present what the land yields. If it is not a local product, it may not be sent as tribute.
30
六月丁亥，詔以東陽、信安、豊安三縣水潦，漂損居民資業，遣使周履，量蠲課調。 是夏多癘疫。 以新除左光祿大夫謝朏爲司徒、尚書令。 甲午，以中書監王瑩爲尚書右僕射。
In the sixth month, on dinghai day, an edict said floods in Dongyang, Xin'an, and Feng'an had ruined homes and fields. Envoys were sent to survey the damage and cut taxes. That summer plague spread widely. The newly dismissed Left Supernumerary Grand Master Xie Tiao was made Minister of Works and Director of the Masters of Writing. On jiawu day Secretariat supervisor Wang Ying became Right Vice Director.
31
秋七月，扶南、龜茲、中天竺國各遣使獻方物。
In autumn, seventh month, Funan, Kucha, and Central India each sent envoys with tribute.
32
冬十月，魏寇司州。
In the tenth month of winter Wei invaded Si province.
33
十一月乙卯，雷電大雨，晦。 是夜又雷。 乙亥，尚書左僕射沈約以母憂去職。
In the eleventh month, on yimao day, thunder, lightning, and heavy rain fell on the month's last day. That night thunder sounded again. On yihai day Left Vice Director Shen Yue left office to mourn his mother.
34
三年春正月戊申，後將軍、揚州刺史臨川王宏進號中軍將軍。 癸丑，以尚書右僕射王瑩爲尚書左僕射，太子詹事柳惔爲尚書右僕射，前尚書左僕射沈約爲鎮軍將軍。
In spring of year 3, on wushen day in the first month, Rear General and Yangzhou inspector Prince of Linchuan Hong was promoted to General of the Center Army. On guichou day Right Vice Director Wang Ying became Left Vice Director; Crown Prince tutor Liu Tan became Right Vice Director; and former Left Vice Director Shen Yue was made General Who Pacifies the Army.
35
二月，魏陷梁州。
In the second month Wei took Liang province.
36
三月，隕霜殺草。
In the third month frost fell and killed the grass.
37
五月丁巳，以扶南國王憍陳如闍耶跋摩爲安南將軍。
In the fifth month, on dingsi day, King of Funan Jiao Chen Ru Jian Ye Ba Mo was made General Who Pacifies the South.
38
六月丙子，詔曰：「昔哲王之宰世也，每歲卜征，躬事巡省，民俗政刑，罔不必逮。 末代風凋，久曠茲典。 雖欲肆遠忘勞，究臨幽仄，而居今行古，事未易從，所以日晏踟躕，情同再撫。 總總九州，遠近民庶，或川路幽遐，或貧羸老疾，懷冤抱理，莫由自申，所以東海匹婦，致災邦國，西土孤魂，登樓請訴。 念此于懷，中夜太息。 可分將命巡行州部。 其有深冤鉅害，抑鬱無歸，聽詣使者，依源自列。 庶以矜隱之念，昭被四方，逷聽遠聞，事均親覽。」 癸未，大赦天下。
In the sixth month, on bingzi day, an edict said, "Wise kings of old, ruling the world, each year chose the season for travel and went in person to inspect the land. Custom, government, and punishment—nothing escaped their sight. In later ages custom faded, and this rite has long lain empty. I would travel far, forget weariness, and reach the remotest corners myself—but to live in the present while acting like the ancients is hard. Day after day I hesitate, longing to go out and comfort the people twice over. Across the nine regions, near and far, some people are cut off by rivers, some are poor, weak, old, or sick. They hold injustice in their hearts and have no way to speak. A lone woman in Donghai once brought ruin on her state; a solitary soul in the west climbed a tower to cry for justice. When I think of this, I sigh in the deep of night. Let envoys be dispatched to tour the provinces and departments. Those who suffer grave wrongs with no one to hear them may come to the envoys and state their case as it arose. Then mercy may reach the four quarters, and what is heard from afar may be judged as if seen by the throne itself." On guiwei day the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
39
秋七月丁未，以光祿大夫夏侯詳爲車騎將軍、湘州刺史，湘州刺史楊公則爲中護軍。 甲子，立皇子綜爲豫章郡王。
In autumn, seventh month, on dingwei day, Supernumerary Grand Master Xiahou Xiang became General of Chariots and Cavalry and Xiangzhou inspector; Xiangzhou inspector Yang Gongze became Central Army Guard General. On jiazi day the emperor's son Zong was made Prince of Yuzhang.
40
八月，魏陷司州，詔以南義陽置司州。
In the eighth month Wei took Si province. The court ordered South Yiyang to serve as the new Si province.
41
九月壬子，以河南王世子伏連籌爲鎮西將軍、西秦河二州刺史、河南王。 北天竺國遣使獻方物。
In the ninth month, on renzi day, Heir of the Prince of Henan Fu Lianchou became General Who Pacifies the West, inspector of West Qin and He, and Prince of Henan. North India sent envoys with tribute.
42
冬十一月甲子，詔曰：「設教因時，淳薄異政，刑以世革，輕重殊風。 昔商俗未移，民散久矣，嬰網陷辟，日夜相尋。 若悉加正法，則赭衣塞路； 並申弘宥，則難用爲國，故使有罪入贖，以全元元之命。 今遐邇知禁，圄犴稍虛，率斯以往，庶幾刑措。 金作權典，宜在蠲息。 可除贖罪之科。」
In the eleventh month of winter, on jiazi day, an edict said, "Teaching must follow the times. Pure ages and coarse ages govern differently. Punishment changes with the age; what is heavy in one era is light in another. Once, before custom had changed, the people had long been scattered. Caught in nets of law, they fell into punishment and chased one another day and night. If every offense were punished to the letter, men in red prison dress would choke the roads; yet if mercy were granted to all, the state could not stand. So the guilty were allowed to ransom their lives and the common people were spared. Now far and near know the law, and the prisons grow empty. If we continue on this path, perhaps punishments may one day fall still. The statute of punishments measured in gold should now be lifted and stilled. The law allowing ransom for crime may be abolished."
43
是歲多疾疫。
That year plague ran through the land.
44
四年春正月癸卯朔，詔曰：「今九流常選，年未三十，不通一經，不得解褐。 若有才同甘、顏，勿限年次。」 置《五經》博士各一人。 以鎮北將軍、雍州刺史、建安王偉爲南徐州刺史，南徐州刺史鄱陽王恢爲郢州刺史，中領軍柳慶遠爲雍州刺史。 丙午，省《鳳皇銜書伎》。 戊申，詔曰：「夫禋郊饗帝，至敬攸在，致誠盡愨，猶懼有違； 而往代多令宮人縱觀茲禮，帷宮廣設，輜軿耀路，非所以仰虔蒼昊，昭感上靈。 屬車之間，見譏前世，便可自今停止。」 辛亥，輿駕親祠南郊，赦天下。
In spring of year 4, on the new moon of the first month, guimao day, an edict said, "In the regular selection of officials, no man under thirty who has not mastered one classic may leave coarse cloth and take office. If talent equals Gan or Yan, do not bind it by age. One Erudite was appointed for each of the Five Classics. General Who Pacifies the North and Yongzhou inspector Prince of Jian'an Wei became South Xuzhou inspector; South Xuzhou inspector Prince of Poyang Hui became Yingzhou inspector; and Central Army Commander Liu Qingyuan became Yongzhou inspector. On day bingwu, the court abolished the Phoenix Bearing the Book performance. On day wushen, an edict said, "To sacrifice at the suburban altars and feast the Lord on High is the highest reverence; even with full sincerity one still fears some lapse; yet earlier reigns often let palace women come and watch at will, with canopy-pavilions strung along the route and curtained carriages blazing on every road—not how one should bow before azure Heaven and show the upper powers one's heart. The retinue itself was mocked in former times for this; from today it shall cease." On day xinhai, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburban Altar in person and pardoned the realm.
45
二月壬午，遣衛尉卿楊公則率宿衛兵塞洛口。 壬辰，交州刺史李凱據州反，長史李畟討平之。 曲赦交州。 戊戌，以前郢州刺史曹景宗爲中護軍。 是月，立建興苑於秣陵建興里。
In the second month, on day renwu, Commandant of Guards Yang Gongze led the palace guard to seal Luokou. On day renchen, Jiaozhou inspector Li Kai rebelled and held the province; chief clerk Li Di crushed him. Jiaozhou received a special pardon. On day wuxu, former Yingzhou inspector Cao Jingzong was appointed Central Protector General. That month the court established Jianxing Park in Jianxing lane, Moling.
46
夏四月丁巳，以行宕昌王梁彌博爲安西將軍、河涼二州刺史、宕昌王。 是月，自甲寅至壬戌，甘露連降華林園。
In summer, fourth month, day dingsi, Acting King of Dangchang Liang Mibo was made General Who Pacifies the West, inspector of He and Liang, and King of Dangchang. That month, from jiayin through renxu, sweet dew fell again and again in Hualin Garden.
47
五月辛卯，建康縣朔陰里生嘉禾，一莖十二穗。
In the fifth month, on day xinmao, Jiankang county's Shuoyin lane produced auspicious grain: one stalk with twelve ears.
48
六月庚戌，立孔子廟。 壬戌，歲星晝見。
In the sixth month, on day gengxu, a temple to Confucius was established. On day renxu, Jupiter appeared in daylight.
49
秋七月辛卯，右光祿大夫張瓌卒。
In autumn, seventh month, day xinmao, Right Grandee for Splendid Merit Zhang Gui died.
50
八月庚子，老人星見。
In the eighth month, on day gengzi, the Old Man Star was seen.
51
冬十月丙午，北伐，以中軍將軍、揚州刺史臨川王宏都督北討諸軍事，尚書右僕射柳惔爲副。 是歲，以興師費用，王公以下各上國租及田穀，以助軍資。
In winter, tenth month, day bingwu, the Northern Campaign opened; Central Army General and Yangzhou inspector Prince of Linchuan Hong took overall command of the northern expedition, with Right Vice Director Liu Yan as his deputy. That year, to meet the cost of war, every prince and duke down the ranks offered land rents and field grain for the army.
52
十一月辛未，以都官尚書張稷爲領軍將軍。 甲午，天晴朗，西南有電光，聞如雷聲三。
In the eleventh month, on day xinwei, Capital Crimes Director Zhang Ji was made Commander-in-Chief. On day jiawu the sky was bright and clear, yet lightning flashed in the southwest and thunder rolled three times.
53
十二月，司徒、尚書令謝朏以所生母憂，去職。
In the twelfth month, Chancellor of State and Director of the Masters of Writing Xie Tiao left office to mourn his birth mother.
54
是歲大穰，米斛三十。
That year the harvest was abundant; rice sold for thirty cash the hu.
55
五年春正月丁卯朔，詔曰：「在昔周、漢，取士方國。 頃代凋訛，幽仄罕被，人孤地絕，用隔聽覽，士操淪胥，因茲靡勸。 豈其岳瀆縱靈，偏有厚薄，實由知與不知，用與不用耳。 朕以菲德，君此兆民，而兼明廣照，屈於堂戶，飛耳長目，不及四方，永言愧懷，無忘旦夕。 凡諸郡國舊族，邦內無在朝位者，選官搜括，使郡有一人。」 乙亥，以前司徒謝朏爲中書監、司徒、衛將軍，鎮軍將軍沈約爲右光祿大夫，豫章王綜爲南徐州刺史。 丁丑，以尚書左僕射王瑩爲護軍將軍，僕射如故。 甲申，立皇子綱爲晉安郡王。 丁亥，太白晝見。
In the fifth year, spring, first month, first day dingmao, an edict said, "In olden days Zhou and Han drew their scholars from every quarter of the realm. Later ages decayed, and men in hidden corners seldom reached the throne; cut off by distance and desolation, their voices never reached the court, talent withered, and no one was moved to strive. Is it that the mountains and rivers breathe out spirit with partial favor? No—the difference lies only in whether talent is seen and used. I am of little merit, yet I rule the myriad people; though my light should shine far, it stays trapped within these halls, and my ears and eyes cannot reach the four quarters. I am ashamed morning and night, and cannot put this from my mind. Wherever an old clan in a commandery or kingdom has no one in court office, let the selection officers search them out so that every commandery may send at least one man." On day yihai, former chancellor Xie Tiao was made Supervisor of the Secretariat, Chancellor of State, and Guard General; Pacification Army General Shen Yue became Right Grandee for Splendid Merit; and Prince of Yuzhang Zong was made South Xuzhou inspector. On day dingchou, Left Vice Director Wang Ying was made Protector General while keeping his vice directorship. On day jiashen, Prince Gang was enfeoffed as Prince of Jin'an commandery. On day dinghai, Venus appeared in daylight.
56
二月庚戌，乙太常張充爲吏部尚書。
In the second month, on day gengxu, Grand Master of Ceremonies Zhang Chong was made Director of the Ministry of Personnel.
57
三月丙寅朔，日有蝕之。 癸未，魏宣武帝從弟翼率其諸弟來降。 輔國將軍劉思效破魏青州刺史元系于膠水。 丁亥，陳伯之自壽陽率衆歸降。
In the third month, first day bingyin, the sun was eclipsed. On day guiwei, Yi, cousin to Wei Emperor Xuanwu, came over with his brothers. Auxiliary State General Liu Sixiao routed Wei Qingzhou inspector Yuan Xi on the Jiao River. On day dinghai, Chen Bozhi marched out of Shouyang with his troops and surrendered.
58
夏四月丙申，廬陵高昌之仁山獲銅劍二，始豊縣獲八目龜一。 甲寅，詔曰：「朕昧旦齋居，惟刑是恤，三辟五聽，寢興載懷。 故陳肺石於都街，增官司於詔獄，殷勤親覽，小大以情。 而明慎未洽，囹圄尚壅，永言納隍，在予興愧。 凡犴獄之所，可遣法官近侍，遞錄囚徒，如有枉滯，以時奏聞。」
In summer, fourth month, day bingshen, two bronze swords were found at Renshan in Luling's Gaochang, and an eight-eyed turtle at Shifeng county. On day jiayin, an edict said, "I rise before dawn and keep myself in restraint; the law alone weighs on me—three reviews, five hearings, whether I sleep or wake I cannot put it aside. For this I set the grievance stone in the capital streets and added officers at the imperial prison, reviewing cases myself with care, weighing small and great alike. Yet judgment is not yet clear enough, and the jails remain choked. I speak of drowning in the ditch, and the shame is mine. Let every prison send judicial officers and close attendants in turn to record the prisoners; where anyone is held unjustly, report it at once."
59
五月辛未，太子左衛率張惠紹克魏宿預城。 乙亥，臨川王宏前軍克梁城。 辛巳，豫州刺史韋叡克合肥城。 丁亥，廬江太守裴邃克羊石城； 庚寅，又克霍丘城。 辛卯，太白晝見。
In the fifth month, on day xinwei, Left Guard of the Crown Prince Zhang Huishao took Wei Suzhou city. On day yihai, Prince of Linchuan Hong's vanguard took Liang city. On day xinsi, Yuzhou inspector Wei Rui took Hefei. On day dinghai, Lujiang administrator Pei Sui took Yangshi city; on day gengyin, he took Huoqiu as well. On day xinmao, Venus appeared in daylight.
60
六月庚子，青、冀二州刺史桓和前軍克朐山城。
In the sixth month, on day gengzi, the vanguard of Qing and Ji inspector Huan He took Qushan city.
61
秋七月乙丑，鄧至國遣使獻方物。
In autumn, seventh month, day yichou, Dengzhi sent envoys with tribute.
62
八月戊戌，老人星見。 辛酉，作太子宮。
In the eighth month, on day wuxu, the Old Man Star was seen. On day xinyou, work on the Crown Prince's palace was completed.
63
冬十一月甲子，京師地震。 乙丑，以師出淹時，大赦天下。 魏寇鐘離，遣右衛將軍曹景宗率衆赴援。
In winter, eleventh month, day jiazi, the capital was shaken by earthquake. On day yichou, because the armies had been in the field so long, the realm received a great pardon. When Wei struck Zhongli, Right Guard General Cao Jingzong was sent with troops to relieve the city.
64
十二月癸卯，司徒謝朏薨。
In the twelfth month, on day guimao, Chancellor of State Xie Tiao died.
65
六年春正月辛酉朔，詔曰：「徑寸之寶，或隱沙泥； 以人廢言，君子斯戒。 朕聽朝晏罷，思闡政術，雖百辟卿士，有懷必聞，而蓄響邊遐，未臻魏闕。 或屈以貧陋，或間以山川，頓足延首，無因奏達。 豈所以沉浮靡漏，遠邇兼得者乎？ 四方士民，若有欲陳言刑政，益國利民，淪礙幽遠，不能自通者，可各詮條布懷于刺史二千石。 有可申采，大小以聞。」 己卯，詔曰：「夫有天下者，義非爲己。 凶荒疾癘，兵革水火，有一於此，責歸元首。 今祝史請禱，繼諸不善，以朕身當之。 永使災害不及萬姓，俾茲下民稍蒙寧息。 不得爲朕祈福，以增其過。 特班遠邇，咸令遵奉。」
In the sixth year, spring, first month, first day xinyou, an edict said, "A gem no larger than an inch may lie buried in sand and mud; and to reject a man's words because of the man himself is what the gentleman warns against. I hold court until evening, seeking to sharpen my rule; though the hundred ministers and grandees may speak their minds to me, voices held back in distant borders still never reach the palace gate. Some are held down by poverty and low birth, others cut off by mountains and rivers; they stamp their feet and crane their necks, yet have no way to bring their words before me. How can the realm be governed so that nothing is lost between near and far, high and low? Scholars and commoners everywhere who wish to speak on law and government, on what would benefit the state and the people, yet are buried in remote places and cannot reach me themselves, may lay out their proposals before the inspectors and the two-thousand-bushel officials. Whatever deserves attention, great or small, let it be brought to my hearing." On day jimao, an edict said, "Whoever holds the realm does not hold it for himself alone. Famine, plague, war, fire, or flood—where one of these strikes, the fault lies with the ruler. Now the prayer masters ask to offer sacrifice and shift every ill upon another; let it fall on me instead. May disaster never touch the myriad people; may those below me little by little know peace. Do not pray for my sake and thereby deepen my guilt. Let this be proclaimed everywhere, near and far, and obeyed as law."
66
二月甲辰，老人星見。
In the second month, on day jiachen, the Old Man Star was seen.
67
三月庚申朔，隕霜殺草。 是月，有三象入京師。
In the third month, first day gengshen, frost fell and killed the grass. That month three elephants entered the capital.
68
夏四月壬辰，置左右驍騎、左右遊擊將軍官。 癸巳，曹景宗、韋叡等破魏軍於邵陽洲，斬獲萬計。 癸卯，以右衛將軍曹景宗爲領軍將軍、徐州刺史。 己酉，以江州刺史王茂爲尚書右僕射，中書令安成王秀爲平南將軍、江州刺史。 分湘廣二州置衡州。 丁巳，以中軍將軍、揚州刺史臨川王宏爲驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司，撫軍將軍建安王偉爲揚州刺史，右光祿大夫沈約爲尚書左僕射，尚書左僕射王瑩爲中軍將軍。
In summer, fourth month, day renchen, the court established the posts of Left and Right Valiant Cavalry General and Left and Right Mobile Strike General. On day guisi, Cao Jingzong, Wei Rui, and the rest routed the Wei army at Shaoyang Isle, killing and capturing more than ten thousand men. On day guimao, Right Guard General Cao Jingzong was made Commander-in-Chief and Xuzhou inspector. On day jiyou, Jiangzhou inspector Wang Mao was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and Supervisor of the Secretariat Prince of Ancheng Xiu was made General Who Pacifies the South and Jiangzhou inspector. Heng province was created from parts of Xiang and Guang. On day dingsi, Central Army General and Yangzhou inspector Prince of Linchuan Hong was made Rapid Cavalry General with open office equal-to-three-division protocol; Pacification Army General Prince of Jian'an Wei became Yangzhou inspector; Right Grandee for Splendid Merit Shen Yue became Left Vice Director; and Left Vice Director Wang Ying was made Central Army General.
69
五月己未，以新除左驍騎將軍長沙王深業爲中護軍。 癸亥，以侍中袁昂爲吏部尚書。 己巳，置中衛、中權將軍，改驍騎爲雲騎，遊擊爲遊騎。 辛未，右將軍、揚州刺史建安王偉進號中權將軍。
In the fifth month, on day jiwei, newly appointed Left Valiant Cavalry General Prince of Changsha Shenye was made Central Protector General. On day guihai, Palace Attendant Yuan Ang was appointed Director of the Ministry of Personnel. On day jisi, the posts of Central Guard General and Central Power General were created; Valiant Cavalry was renamed Cloud Cavalry, and Mobile Strike was renamed Mobile Cavalry. On day xinwei, Right General and Yangzhou inspector Prince of Jian'an Wei was advanced to Central Power General.
70
六月庚戌，以車騎將軍、湘州刺史夏侯詳爲右光祿大夫，新除金紫光祿大夫柳惔爲安南將軍、湘州刺史。 新吳縣獲四目龜一。
In the sixth month, on day gengxu, General of Chariots and Cavalry and Xiangzhou inspector Xiahou Xiang was made Right Grandee for Splendid Merit, and newly appointed Grandee for Splendid Merit with the Golden Seal and Purple Tassel Liu Yan was made General Who Pacifies the South and Xiangzhou inspector. A four-eyed turtle was found in Xinwu county.
71
秋七月甲子，太白晝見。 丙寅，分廣州置桂州。 丁亥，以新除尚書右僕射王茂爲中衛將軍。
In autumn, seventh month, day jiazi, Venus appeared in daylight. On day bingyin, Gui province was carved out of Guang. On day dinghai, newly appointed Right Vice Director Wang Mao was made Central Guard General.
72
八月戊子，赦天下。 戊戌，大風折木。 京師大水，因濤入，加御道七尺。
In the eighth month, on day wuzi, the realm was pardoned. On day wuxu, a fierce wind broke trees. The capital was flooded; the tide drove water inland and lifted the imperial road seven chi.
73
九月，嘉禾一莖九穗，生江陵縣。 乙亥，改閱武堂爲德陽堂，聽訟堂爲儀賢堂。 丙戌，以左衛將軍呂僧珍爲平北將軍、南兗州刺史，豫章內史蕭昌爲廣州刺史。
In the ninth month, Jiangling county produced auspicious grain: one stalk with nine ears. On day yihai, the Review-of-Troops Hall became Virtue-and-Yang Hall, and the Court-for-Hearing-Litigation Hall became the Hall of Esteeming Worthies. On day bingxu, Left Guard General Lü Sengzhen was made General Who Pacifies the North and South Yanzhou inspector, and Interior Secretary of Yuzhang Xiao Chang was made Guangzhou inspector.
74
冬十月壬寅，以五兵尚書徐勉爲吏部尚書。
In winter, tenth month, day renyin, Director of the Five Weapons Xu Mian was appointed Director of the Ministry of Personnel.
75
閏月乙丑，以驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司臨川王宏爲司徒、行太子太傅，尚書左僕射沈約爲尚書令、行太子少傅，吏部尚書袁昂爲右僕射。 戊寅，平西將軍、荊州刺史始興王憺進號安西將軍。 甲申，以右光祿大夫夏侯詳爲尚書左僕射。
In the intercalary month, on day yichou, Rapid Cavalry General with open office equal-to-three-division protocol Prince of Linchuan Hong was made Chancellor of State and Acting Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince; Left Vice Director Shen Yue became Director of the Masters of Writing and Acting Junior Tutor of the Crown Prince; and Director of the Ministry of Personnel Yuan Ang became Right Vice Director. On day wuyin, General Who Quells the West and Jingzhou inspector Prince of Shixing Dan was advanced to General Who Pacifies the West. On day jiashen, Right Grandee for Splendid Merit Xiahou Xiang was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
76
十二月丙辰，尚書左僕射夏侯詳卒。 乙丑，魏淮陽鎮都軍主常邕和以城內屬。 分豫州置霍州。
In the twelfth month, on day bingchen, Left Vice Director Xiahou Xiang died. On day yichou, Wei Huaiyang garrison commander Chang Yinhe surrendered the city. Huo province was created from parts of Yuzhou.
77
七年春正月乙酉朔，詔曰：「建國君民，立教爲首。 不學將落，嘉植靡由。 朕肇基明命，光宅區宇，雖耕耘雅業，傍闡藝文，而成器未廣，志本猶闕，非所以鎔範貴游，納諸軌度。 思欲式敦讓齒，自家刑國。 今聲訓所漸，戎夏同風，宜大啓庠斅，博延胄子，務彼十倫，弘此三德，使陶鈞遠被，微言載表。」 中衛將軍、領太子詹事王茂進號車騎將軍。 戊戌，作神龍、仁虎闕於端門、大司馬門外。 壬子，以領軍將軍曹景宗爲中衛將軍，衛尉蕭景兼領軍將軍。
In the seventh year, on the yiyou new moon of the first month, an edict declared: "To found a realm and rule the people, instruction must come first. Without study the state withers, and worthy minds have nowhere to grow. Heaven's mandate has settled me in this land; I have worked the fields of culture and opened the gates of learning, yet too few are fully shaped and my deepest purpose remains unfinished—not enough to forge the high-born and guide them into order. I mean to teach reverence for age and to rule the realm as one rules a household. Instruction now reaches every quarter, and north and south breathe the same air. Schools should open wide, sons of noble houses should be gathered in, the ten bonds of humanity honored, the three virtues enlarged, until the potter's wheel of transformation reaches far and the subtle word is made manifest." Central Guard General Wang Mao, who also served as Crown Prince Household Steward, was promoted to Chariots and Cavalry General. On wuxu day, the Divine Dragon and Benevolent Tiger towers were raised outside the End Gate and the Grand Marshal Gate. On renzi day, Cao Jingzong, Commandant-of-the-Guard, became Central Guard General; Court Commandant Xiao Jing was also made Commandant-of-the-Guard.
78
二月乙卯，廬江灊縣獲銅鐘二。 新作國門于越城南。 乙丑，增置鎮衛將軍以下各有差。 庚午，詔於州郡縣置州望、郡宗、鄉豪各一人，專掌搜薦。 乙亥，以車騎大將軍高麗王高雲爲撫東大將軍、開府儀同三司，平北將軍、南兗州刺史呂僧珍爲領軍將軍。 丙子，以中護軍長沙王深業爲南兗州刺史，兼領軍將軍蕭景爲雍州刺史，雍州刺史柳慶遠爲護軍將軍。
In the second month, on yimao day, two bronze bells were discovered in Zhan county, Lujiang. A new state gate was constructed south of Yue city. On yichou day, the offices from Garrison-Guard General downward were expanded, each at its proper rank. On gengwu day, an edict ordered that each province, commandery, and county appoint one Provincial Notable, one District Patriarch, and one Village Magnate, each charged solely with seeking out and recommending talent. On yihai day, Gao Yun, King of Gaoli and Chariots and Cavalry Grand General, was made General Who Pacifies the East with an open office and third-rank ceremonial parity; Lu Sengzhen, General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of South Yanzhou, became Commandant-of-the-Guard. On bingzi day, Changsha Prince Shen Ye, Central Guard Army, was made inspector of South Yanzhou; Xiao Jing, who also held the commandant's post, became inspector of Yongzhou; and Liu Qingyuan, inspector of Yongzhou, was made Guard Army General.
79
夏四月乙卯，皇太子納妃，赦大辟以下，頒賜朝臣及近侍各有差。 辛未，秣陵縣獲靈龜一。 戊寅，餘姚縣獲古銅劍二。
In the fourth month of summer, on yimao day, the Crown Prince took a consort; crimes short of capital punishment were pardoned; and court ministers and close attendants received gifts according to rank. On xinwei day, a spirit turtle was found in Moling county. On wuyin day, two ancient bronze swords were discovered in Yuyao county.
80
五月己亥，詔復置宗正、太僕、大匠、鴻臚，又增太府、太舟，仍先爲十二卿。 癸卯，以平南將軍、江州刺史安成王秀爲平西將軍、荊州刺史，安西將軍、荊州刺史始興王憺爲護軍將軍，中衛將軍曹景宗爲安南將軍、江州刺史。
In the fifth month, on jihai day, an edict restored the Director of the Imperial Clan, Grand Master of Stud, Grand Master for Construction, and Grand Master of Ceremonies, and added the Grand Storehouse and Grand Master of River Transport, returning to the former twelve directorates. On guimao day, Prince of Ancheng Xiu, General Who Pacifies the South and inspector of Jiangzhou, became General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Jingzhou; Prince of Shixing Dan, General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Jingzhou, was made Guard Army General; and Cao Jingzong, Central Guard General, became General Who Pacifies the South and inspector of Jiangzhou.
81
六月辛酉，復建、修二陵周回五里內居民，改陵監爲令。
In the sixth month, on xinyou day, residents within five li of the Jian and Xiu tombs were restored to their lands, and tomb supervisors were renamed magistrates.
82
秋七月丁亥，月犯氐。
In the seventh month of autumn, on dinghai day, the moon entered the constellation Di.
83
八月癸丑，安南將軍、江州刺史曹景宗卒。 丁巳，赦大辟以下未結正者。 甲戌，平西將軍、荊州刺史安成王秀進號安西將軍，雲麾將軍、郢州刺史鄱陽王恢進號平西將軍。 老人星見。
In the eighth month, on guichou day, Cao Jingzong, General Who Pacifies the South and inspector of Jiangzhou, died. On dingsi day, capital crimes and lesser offenses in unresolved cases were pardoned. On jiaxu day, Prince of Ancheng Xiu, General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Jingzhou, was promoted to General Who Secures the West; and Prince of Poyang Hui, Cloud-Banner General and inspector of Yingzhou, was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. The Old Man star was seen.
84
九月丁亥，詔曰：「芻牧必往，姬文垂則，雉兔有刑，姜宣致貶。 藪澤山林，毓材是出，斧斤之用，比屋所資。 而頃世相承，並加封固，豈所謂與民同利，惠茲黔首？ 凡公家諸屯戍見封熂者，可悉開常禁。」 壬辰，置童子奉車郎。 癸巳，立皇子績爲南康郡王。 己亥，月犯東井。
In the ninth month, on dinghai day, an edict said: "Fodder must be gathered from the wild—King Wen of Zhou left us that rule; even pheasant and hare were subject to law—Jiang Xuan was rebuked for forgetting it. From marsh, lake, hill, and forest come the materials every household needs for axe and adze. Yet in recent times these lands have been sealed and fenced off, generation after generation—is that sharing profit with the people, or showing mercy to the common folk? Wherever government garrisons and posts have been sealed or cleared by fire, the ordinary prohibitions should now be lifted entirely." On renchen day, the office of Gentlemen Attendants of the Boy Cartbearers was established. On guisi day, Prince Ji was enfeoffed as Prince of Nankang commandery. On jihai day, the moon entered the Eastern Well constellation.
85
冬十月丙寅，以吳興太守張稷爲尚書左僕射。 丙子，魏陽關主許敬珍以城內附。 詔大舉北伐。 以護軍將軍始興王憺爲平北將軍，率衆入清； 車騎將軍王茂率衆向宿預。 丁丑，魏懸瓠鎮軍主白皁生、豫州刺史胡遜以城內屬。 以皁生爲鎮北將軍、司州刺史，遜爲平北將軍、豫州刺史。
In the tenth month of winter, on bingyin day, Zhang Ji, administrator of Wuxing, was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On bingzi day, Xu Jingzhen, commander of Wei's Yang Pass, surrendered his city to the court. An edict called for a major northern campaign. Prince of Shixing Dan, Guard Army General, was made General Who Pacifies the North and led an army into Qing; Wang Mao, Chariots and Cavalry General, led troops toward Suyu. On dingchou day, Bai Zaosheng, garrison commander at Wei's Xuanhu, and Hu Xun, inspector of Yuzhou, surrendered their city. Zaosheng was made General Who Garrisons the North and inspector of Sizhou; Xun was made General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of Yuzhou.
86
十一月辛巳，鄞縣言甘露降。
In the eleventh month, on xinsi day, Yin county reported that sweet dew had fallen.
87
八年春正月辛巳，輿駕親祠南郊，赦天下，內外文武各賜勞一年。 壬辰，魏鎮東參軍成景儁斬宿預城主嚴仲寶，以城內屬。
In the eighth year, on xinsi day of the first month of spring, the Emperor sacrificed at the Southern Altar in person, amnestied the realm, and granted one year's labor reward to civil and military officials within and beyond the capital. On renchen day, Cheng Jingjun, aide of Wei's East Garrison, beheaded Yan Zhongbao, commander of Suyu, and surrendered the city.
88
二月壬戌，老人星見。
In the second month, on renxu day, the Old Man star appeared.
89
夏四月，以北巴西郡置南梁州。 戊申，以護軍將軍始興王憺爲中衛將軍，司徒、行太子太傅臨川王宏爲司空、揚州刺史，車騎將軍、領太子詹事王茂卽本號開府儀同三司。 丁卯，魏楚王城主李國興以城內附。 丙子，以中軍將軍、丹陽尹王瑩爲右光祿大夫。
In the fourth month of summer, South Liangzhou was established from the northern part of Ba-West Brazil commandery. On wushen day, Prince of Shixing Dan, Guard Army General, became Central Guard General; Prince of Linchuan Hong, Minister of Education and acting Crown Prince Grand Tutor, was made Minister of Works and inspector of Yangzhou; and Wang Mao, Chariots and Cavalry General and Crown Prince Steward, received an open office with third-rank ceremonial parity under his existing title. On dingmao day, Li Guoxing, commander of Wei's King of Chu city, surrendered. On bingzi day, Wang Ying, Central Army General and intendant of Danyang, was made Right Grand Master for Splendor.
90
五月壬午，詔曰：「學以從政，殷勤往哲，祿在其中，抑亦前事。 朕思闡治綱，每敦儒術，軾閭辟館，造次以之。 故負袟成風，甲科間出，方當置諸周行，飾以青紫。 其有能通一經，始末無倦者，策實之後，選可量加敘錄。 雖復牛監羊肆，寒品後門，並隨才試吏，勿有遺隔。」
In the fifth month, on renwu day, an edict said: "The ancients taught that learning serves government, and that reward belongs to the learned—this too is an old truth. I mean to set the lines of rule in order and honor the Confucian way, opening halls even at the carriage gate and pressing forward without delay. Books are carried everywhere now, and top graduates appear in steady succession; they should be placed in court service and adorned with blue and purple. Whoever can master one classic from beginning to end without slackening, once tested and found worthy, may be promoted according to merit. Even ox-keepers and mutton sellers, men of humble birth from the back door—all should be tried for office according to talent, and none passed over."
91
秋七月癸巳，巴陵王蕭寶義薨。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guisi day, Prince of Baling Xiao Baoyi died.
92
八月戊午，老人星見。
In the eighth month, on wuwu day, the Old Man star appeared.
93
冬十月乙巳，以中軍將軍始興王慎爲鎮北將軍、南兗州刺史，南兗州刺史長沙王深業爲護軍將軍。
In the tenth month of winter, on yisi day, Prince of Shixing Dan, Central Army General, was made General Who Garrisons the North and inspector of South Yanzhou; and Changsha Prince Shen Ye, inspector of South Yanzhou, was made Guard Army General.
94
九年春正月乙亥，以尚書令、行太子少傅沈約爲左光祿大夫，行少傅如故，右光祿大夫王瑩爲尚書令，行中撫將軍建安王偉領護軍將軍，鎮北將軍、南兗州刺史始興王憺爲鎮西將軍、益州刺史，太常卿王亮爲中書監。 丙子，以輕車將軍晉安王綱爲南兗州刺史。 庚寅，新作緣淮塘，北岸起石頭迄東冶，南岸起後渚籬門迄三橋。
In the ninth year, on yihai day of the first month of spring, Shen Yue, Masters of Writing Director and acting Crown Prince Junior Tutor, was made Left Grand Master for Splendor while keeping the junior tutorship; Wang Ying, Right Grand Master for Splendor, became Masters of Writing Director; Prince of Jian'an Wei, acting Central Pacification General, was made concurrent Guard Army General; Prince of Shixing Dan, General Who Garrisons the North and inspector of South Yanzhou, was made General Who Garrisons the West and inspector of Yizhou; and Wang Liang, Grand Master of Ceremonies, was made Director of the Secretariat. On bingzi day, Prince of Jin'an Gang, Light Chariots General, was made inspector of South Yanzhou. On gengyin day, new embankments along the Huai were built, the north bank running from Stone Fort to East Smeltery and the south bank from Rear Islet Hedge Gate to Three Bridges.
95
三月己丑，車駕幸國子學，親臨講肆，賜國子祭酒以下帛各有差。 乙未，詔曰：「王子從學，著自禮經，貴遊咸在，實惟前誥，所以式廣義方，克隆教道。 今成均大啓，元良齒讓，自斯以降，並宜肄業。 皇太子及王侯之子，年在從師者，可令入學。」 于闐國遣使獻方物。
In the third month, on jichou day, the Emperor visited the Imperial Academy, attended the lecture hall in person, and granted silk to the Academy Rector and those below him according to rank. On yiwei day, an edict said: "That princes should follow teachers is written in the Book of Rites; that noble youths should all be included is an instruction of old; by this we broaden righteous conduct and carry forward the way of teaching. Now the Academy opens wide, and the crown prince yields place by age; from this time forward, all should apply themselves to learning. The Crown Prince and the sons of princes and marquises who have reached the age for teachers should be sent to enter the schools." Khotan sent envoys bearing tribute.
96
夏四月丁巳，革選尚書五都令史用寒流。 林邑國遣使獻白猴一。
In the fourth month of summer, on dingsi day, selection for the Five Capital clerks of the Masters of Writing was reformed to draw from humble-stream candidates. Linyi sent envoys bearing one white monkey.
97
五月己亥，詔曰：「朕達聽思治，無忘日昃。 而百司羣務，其途不一，隨時適用，各有攸宜，若非總會衆言，無以備茲親覽。 自今臺閣省府州郡鎮戍應有職僚之所，時共集議，各陳損益，具以奏聞。」 中書監王亮卒。
In the fifth month, on jihai day, an edict said: "I listen widely and think constantly on rule, never forgetting the sun already past noon. Yet the hundred offices and their many tasks follow more than one path; each matter has its proper season and use, and unless all voices are gathered together, I cannot review them as I should. Henceforth, at every bureau of the Secretariat, ministry, province, commandery, and garrison post where responsible officials serve, they should meet at intervals to discuss together, each stating gains and losses, and report the whole in memorial." Wang Liang, Director of the Secretariat, died.
98
六月癸丑，盜殺宣城太守朱僧勇。 癸酉，以中撫將軍、領護軍建安王偉爲鎮南將軍、江州刺史。
In the sixth month, on guichou day, bandits killed Zhu Sengyong, administrator of Xuancheng. On guiyou day, Prince of Jian'an Wei, Central Pacification General and concurrent Guard Army, was made General Who Garrisons the South and inspector of Jiangzhou.
99
閏月己丑，宣城盜轉寇吳興縣，太守蔡撙討平之。
In the intercalary month, on jichou day, Xuancheng bandits turned to raid Wuxing county; Cai Bun, the administrator, suppressed them.
100
秋七月己巳，老人星見。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jisi day, the Old Man star appeared.
101
冬十二月癸未，輿駕幸國子學，策試胄子，賜訓授之司各有差。
In the twelfth month of winter, on guiwei day, the Emperor visited the Imperial Academy, tested the noble scions by examination, and granted rewards to the teaching offices according to rank.
102
十年春正月辛丑，輿駕親祠南郊，大赦天下，居局治事賜勞二年。 癸卯，以尚書左僕射張稷爲安北將軍，青冀二州刺史，郢州刺史鄱陽王恢爲護軍將軍。 甲辰，以南徐州刺史豫章王綜爲郢州刺史，輕車將軍南康王績爲南徐州刺史。 戊申，騶虞一，見荊州華容縣。 以左民尚書王暕爲吏部尚書。 辛酉，輿駕親祠明堂。
In the tenth year, on xinchou day of the first month of spring, the Emperor sacrificed at the Southern Altar in person, amnestied the realm, and granted two years' labor reward to officials remaining at their posts. On guimao day, Zhang Ji, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was made General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of Qing and Ji provinces; and Prince of Poyang Hui, inspector of Yingzhou, was made Guard Army General. On jiachen day, Prince of Yuzhang Zong, inspector of South Xuzhou, became inspector of Yingzhou; and Prince of Nankang Ji, Light Chariots General, was made inspector of South Xuzhou. On wushen day, a zouyu was seen in Huarong county, Jingzhou. Wang Yan, Left People Minister, was made Minister of Personnel. On xinyou day, the Emperor sacrificed at the Bright Hall in person.
103
三月辛丑，盜殺東莞、琅邪二郡太守鄧晣，以朐山引魏軍，遣振遠將軍馬仙琕討之。 是月，魏徐州刺史盧昶帥衆赴朐山。
In the third month, on xinchou day, bandits killed Deng Ti, administrator of Dongguan and Langye; they used Qushan to bring in Wei forces, and the court sent Quake-Distant General Ma Xiancai to suppress them. That month, Lu Chang, Wei's inspector of Xuzhou, led troops to Qushan.
104
夏五月癸酉，安豊縣獲一角玄龜。 丁丑，領軍呂僧珍卒。 己卯，以國子祭酒張充爲尚書左僕射，太子詹事柳慶遠爲領軍將軍。
In the fifth month of summer, on guiyou day, Anfeng county found a one-horned black turtle. On dingchou day, Lu Sengzhen, Commandant-of-the-Guard, died. On jimao day, Zhang Chong, Academy Rector, was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; and Liu Qingyuan, Crown Prince Steward, was made Commandant-of-the-Guard.
105
六月乙酉，嘉蓮一莖三花生樂游苑。
In the sixth month, on yiyou day, an auspicious lotus with one stalk and three flowers appeared in Leyou Garden.
106
秋七月丙辰，詔曰：「昔公卿面陳，載在前史，令僕陛奏，列代明文，所以釐彼庶績，成茲羣務。 晉氏陵替，虛誕爲風，自此相因，其失彌遠。 遂使武帳空勞，無汲公之奏，丹墀徒辟，闕鄭生之履。 三槐八座，應有務之百官，宜有所論，可入陳啓，庶藉周爰，少匡寡薄。」
In the seventh month of autumn, on bingchen day, an edict said: "In former ages ministers spoke face to face before the throne, as the old histories record; prefects and stewards memorialized from the steps, as dynast after dynast made plain—by this the many tasks were ordered and the work of state completed. When Jin fell into decay, empty pretense became the fashion, and from that inheritance the fault only widened. Thus the martial canopy stood idle with no memorial like Ji Gong's; the red steps lay empty with no footfall like Zheng Sheng's. You who hold the three catalpas and eight seats, all officials charged with affairs, should speak when you have something to say; enter and memorial as you will, that through your broad care you may lend a little strength to my own thin worth."
107
九月丙申，天西北隆隆有聲，赤氣下至地。
In the ninth month, on bingshen day, the northwest sky thundered, and red vapor descended to the ground.
108
冬十二月癸酉，山車見于臨城縣。 庚辰，馬仙琕大破魏軍，斬馘十餘萬，剋復朐山城。
In the twelfth month of winter, on guiyou day, a mountain cart was seen in Lincheng county. On gengchen day, Ma Xiancai routed the Wei army, took more than one hundred thousand heads, and recovered Qushan city.
109
是歲，初作宮城門三重樓及開二道。 宕昌國遣使獻方物。
That year, triple-storied towers were first built on the palace city gates, and two new roads were opened. Dangchang sent envoys bearing tribute.
110
十一年春正月壬辰，詔曰：「夫刑法悼耄，罪不收孥，禮著明文，史彰前事，蓋所以申其哀矜，故罰有弗及。 近代相因，厥網彌峻，髫年華髮，同坐入諐。 雖懲惡勸善，宜窮其制，而老幼流離，良亦可愍。 自今逋讁之家及罪應質作，若年有老小，可停將送。」 加左光祿大夫、行太子少傅沈約特進，鎮南將軍、江州刺史建安王偉儀同三司，司空、揚州刺史臨川王宏進位元爲太尉，驃騎將軍王茂爲司空，尚書令、雲麾將軍王瑩進號安左將軍，安北將軍、青冀二州刺史張稷進號鎮北將軍。
In the eleventh year, on renchen day of the first month of spring, an edict said: "The law of punishment shows mercy to the aged, and guilt does not fall on a man's household—the Rites state this plainly, and the histories show it in former cases—so that compassion may be extended and punishment may stop where it should. In recent times the net has only tightened, until children and gray-haired alike were punished together for the same crime. Though punishing evil and urging good must be carried through, the scattering of old and young is pitiable indeed. From this time forward, in cases of fugitive exile or crimes requiring collateral labor, if the household includes the aged or the very young, they need not be sent away." Shen Yue, Left Grand Master for Splendor and acting Crown Prince Junior Tutor, received Special Advance; Prince of Jian'an Wei, General Who Garrisons the South and inspector of Jiangzhou, was granted third-rank ceremonial parity; Prince of Linchuan Hong, Minister of Works and inspector of Yangzhou, was advanced to Grand Commander; Wang Mao, Fast Cavalry General, became Minister of Works; Wang Ying, Masters of Writing Director and Cloud-Banner General, was promoted to Pacification Left General; and Zhang Ji, General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of Qing and Ji provinces, was promoted to General Who Garrisons the North.
111
二月戊辰，新昌、濟陽二郡野蠶成繭。
In the second month, on wuchen day, wild silkworms in Xinchang and Jiyang commanderies spun cocoons.
112
三月丁巳，曲赦揚、徐二州。 築西靜壇於鐘山。 庚申，高麗國遣使獻方物。
In the third month, on dingsi day, Yang and Xu provinces received a partial amnesty. The Western Tranquility Altar was raised on Mount Zhong. On gengshen day, Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute.
113
四月戊子，詔曰：「去歲朐山大殲丑類，宜爲京觀，用旌武功； 但伐罪弔民，皇王盛軌，掩骼埋胔，仁者用心。 其下青州悉使收藏。」 百濟、扶南、林邑國並遣使獻方物。
In the fourth month, on wuzi day, an edict declared: "Last year at Qushan we crushed the foe in vast numbers; a victory mound would befit such martial glory; Yet to punish the guilty and comfort the people is the royal way, and to cover bones and bury the dead is the work of a humane heart. Let Qing province be ordered to gather and inter them all." Baekje, Funan, and Linyi all sent envoys bearing tribute.
114
六月辛巳，以司空王茂領中權將軍。
In the sixth month, on xinsi day, Wang Mao, Minister of Works, was also made Central Army General.
115
九月辛亥，宕昌國遣使獻方物。
In the ninth month, on xinhai day, Dangchang sent envoys bearing tribute.
116
十二月己未，以安西將軍、荊州刺史安成王秀爲中衛將軍，護軍將軍鄱陽王恢爲平西將軍、荊州刺史。
In the twelfth month, on jiwei day, Prince of Ancheng Xiu, General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Jingzhou, became Central Guard General; and Prince of Poyang Hui, Guard Army General, became General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Jingzhou.
117
十二年春正月辛卯，輿駕親祠南郊，赦大辟以下。
In the twelfth year, on xinmao day of the first month of spring, the Emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person and pardoned all crimes short of capital punishment.
118
二月辛酉，以兼尚書右僕射袁昂爲尚書右僕射。 丙寅，詔曰：「掩骼埋胔，義重周經，槥櫝有加，事美漢策。 朕向隅載懷，每勤造次，收藏之命，亟下哀矜； 而㝢縣遐深，遵奉未洽，髐然路隅，往往而有，言愍沉枯，彌勞傷惻。 可明下遠近，各巡境界，若委骸不葬，或蒢衣莫改，卽就收斂，量給棺具。 庶夜哭之魂斯慰，沾霜之骨有歸。」 辛巳，新作太極殿，改爲十三間。
In the second month, on xinyou day, Yuan Ang, who had been acting Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was confirmed in that office. On bingyin day, an edict said: "To cover bones and bury the dead weighs heavy in the Zhou classics; to supply coffins and shrouds was praised in Han policy. I have brooded in the corner of the hall and often moved in haste; again and again I have sent orders to gather and bury the dead in compassion; Yet the districts and counties lie far apart, and obedience is still incomplete; bare bones lie by the roads in every quarter, and pity for the sunken and withered only deepens the wound in my heart. Let this be proclaimed near and far: each shall patrol his borders, and wherever corpses lie abandoned or shrouds unchanged, they shall at once be gathered and buried and coffins provided as needed. Then the souls that weep in the night may be eased, and bones touched by frost may find their rest." On xinsi day, the Hall of Supreme Ultimate was rebuilt with thirteen bays.
119
三月癸卯，以湘州刺史王珍國爲護軍將軍。
In the third month, on guimao day, Wang Zhenguo, inspector of Xiangzhou, became Guard Army General.
120
閏月乙丑，特進、中軍將軍沈約卒。
In the intercalary month, on yichou day, Shen Yue, Special Advance and Central Army General, died.
121
夏四月，京邑大水。
In the fourth month of summer, the capital was struck by great flood.
122
六月癸巳，新作太廟，增基九尺。 庚子，太極殿成。
In the sixth month, on guisi day, the Imperial Temple was rebuilt and its foundation raised nine chi. On gengzi day, the Hall of Supreme Ultimate was finished.
123
秋九月戊午，以鎮南將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史建安王偉爲撫軍將軍，儀同如故； 驃騎將軍、開府同三司之儀、揚州刺史臨川王宏爲司空； 領中權將軍王茂爲驃騎將軍、開府同三司之儀、江州刺史。
In the ninth month of autumn, on wuwu day, Prince of Jian'an Wei, General Who Garrisons the South with open office and third-rank ceremonial parity and inspector of Jiangzhou, became Pacification Army General, his ceremonial parity unchanged; Prince of Linchuan Hong, Fast Cavalry General with open office equal-to-third-rank protocol and inspector of Yangzhou, became Minister of Works; and Wang Mao, who also held the Central Army Generalship, became Fast Cavalry General with open office equal-to-third-rank protocol and inspector of Jiangzhou.
124
冬十月丁亥，詔曰：「明堂地勢卑濕，未稱乃心。 外可量就埤起，以盡誠敬。」
In the tenth month of winter, on dinghai day, an edict said: "The Bright Hall stands on ground too low and damp to satisfy our intent. Let a terrace be measured and raised there outside, so that sincerity and reverence may be fully shown."
125
十三年春正月壬戌，以丹陽尹晉安王綱爲荊州刺史。 癸亥，以平西將軍、荊州刺史鄱陽王恢爲鎮西將軍、益州刺史。 丙寅，以翊右將軍安成王秀爲安西將軍、郢州刺史。
In the thirteenth year, on renxu day of the first month of spring, Prince of Jin'an Gang, prefect of Danyang, became inspector of Jingzhou. On guihai day, Prince of Poyang Hui, General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Jingzhou, became General Who Garrisons the West and inspector of Yizhou. On bingyin day, Prince of Ancheng Xiu, Aide Right General, became General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Yingzhou.
126
二月丁亥，輿駕親耕籍田，赦天下，孝悌力田賜爵一級。 老人星見。
In the second month, on dinghai day, the Emperor plowed the sacred field in person, pardoned the realm, and granted one rank of nobility to the filial, the incorrupt, and the diligent farmers. The Old Man Star was seen.
127
三月辛亥，以新除中撫將軍、開府儀同三司建安王偉爲左光祿大夫。
In the third month, on xinhai day, Prince of Jian'an Wei, newly made Pacification Central General with open office and third-rank ceremonial parity, became Left Grand Master for Splendor.
128
夏四月辛卯，林邑國遣使獻方物。 壬辰，以郢州刺史豫章王綜爲安右將軍。
In the fourth month of summer, on xinmao day, Linyi sent envoys bearing tribute. On renchen day, Prince of Yuzhang Zong, inspector of Yingzhou, became Pacification Right General.
129
五月辛亥，以通直散騎常侍韋叡爲中護軍。
In the fifth month, on xinhai day, Wei Rui, Regular Attendant of Direct Transmission and Regular Palatial Cavalier, became Central Guard General.
130
六月己亥，以南兗州刺史蕭景爲領軍將軍，領軍將軍柳慶遠爲安北將軍、雍州刺史。
In the sixth month, on jihai day, Xiao Jing, inspector of South Yanzhou, became Commandant of the Army; and Liu Qingyuan, Commandant of the Army, became General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of Yongzhou.
131
秋七月乙亥，立皇子綸爲邵陵郡王，繹爲湘東郡王，紀爲武陵郡王。
In the seventh month of autumn, on yihai day, the imperial sons Lun, Yi, and Ji were enfeoffed as Prince of Shaoling, Prince of Xiangdong, and Prince of Wuling respectively.
132
八月癸卯，扶南、于闐國各遣使獻方物。
In the eighth month, on guimao day, Funan and Khotan each sent envoys bearing tribute.
133
是歲作浮山堰。
That year work began on the Fushan Dam.
134
十四年春正月乙巳朔，皇太子冠，赦天下，賜爲父後者爵一級，王公以下班賚各有差，停遠近上慶禮。 丙午，安左將軍、尚書令王瑩進號中權將軍。 以鎮西將軍始興王憺爲中撫將軍。 辛亥，輿駕親祠南郊。 詔曰：「朕恭祗明祀，昭事上靈，臨竹宮而登泰壇，服裘冕而奉蒼璧，柴望旣升，誠敬克展，思所以對越乾元，弘宣德教； 而缺于治道，政法多昧，實佇羣才，用康庶績。 可班下遠近，博采英異。 若有確然鄉黨，獨行州閭，肥遁丘園，不求聞達，藏器待時，未加收采； 或賢良、方正，孝悌、力田，並卽騰奏，具以名上。 當擢彼周行，試以邦邑，庶百司咸事，兆民無隱。 又世輕世重，隨時約法，前以劓墨，用代重辟，猶念改悔，其路已壅，並可省除。」 丙寅，汝陰王劉胤薨。
In the fourteenth year, on the yisi new moon of the first month of spring, the Crown Prince received his cap; the realm was pardoned; heirs who succeeded their fathers received one rank of nobility; princes and officials received graded gifts; and congratulatory rites from near and far were suspended. On bingwu day, Wang Ying, Pacification Left General and Director of the Masters of Writing, was advanced in title to Central Army General. Prince of Shixing Dan, General Who Garrisons the West, became Pacification Central General. On xinhai day, the Emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person. An edict said: "I reverently perform the bright rites and clearly serve the exalted spirits, enter the bamboo palace and ascend the great altar, wear fur robe and cap and offer the green jade disk; with the fire sacrifice and mountain-prostration complete and sincerity fully shown, I consider how to answer august Heaven and spread virtue and teaching abroad; Yet I fall short in the way of rule, and laws and policies remain obscure; I truly depend on the assembled talents to bring peace to the myriad tasks. Let this be proclaimed near and far, and outstanding and unusual men be broadly gathered in. If there are men clearly known in village and district, upright in state and neighborhood, who retire in fullness to hills and gardens, seek no fame, and store their talent awaiting the time, yet have not been recruited; Or men of worthy and good character, upright conduct, filial piety, or diligent farming—all should at once be reported upward with full names. They shall be raised into court service and tested in state and city, so that every office has its task and nothing among the myriad people remains hidden. Moreover, punishments have been light or heavy through the ages as law was adjusted to the times; nose-cutting and tattooing were once used in place of capital punishment, yet even repentance could no longer reach those so marked—all such penalties may now be abolished." On bingyin day, Liu Yin, Prince of Ruyin, died.
135
二月庚寅，芮芮國遣使獻方物。 戊戌，老人星見。 辛丑，以中護軍韋叡爲平北將軍、雍州刺史，新除中撫將軍始興王憺爲荊州刺史。
In the second month, on gengyin day, Rouran sent envoys bearing tribute. On wuxu day, the Old Man Star was seen. On xinchou day, Wei Rui, Central Guard General, became General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of Yongzhou; and Prince of Shixing Dan, newly made Pacification Central General, became inspector of Jingzhou.
136
夏四月丁丑，驃騎將軍、開府同三司之儀、江州刺史王茂薨。
In the fourth month of summer, on dingchou day, Wang Mao, Fast Cavalry General with open office equal-to-third-rank protocol and inspector of Jiangzhou, died.
137
五月丁巳，以荊州刺史晉安王綱爲江州刺史。
In the fifth month, on dingsi day, Prince of Jin'an Gang, inspector of Jingzhou, became inspector of Jiangzhou.
138
秋八月乙未，老人星見。
In the eighth month of autumn, on yiwei day, the Old Man Star was seen.
139
九月癸亥，以長沙王深業爲護軍將軍。 狼牙修國遣使獻方物。
In the ninth month, on guihai day, Prince of Changsha Shen Ye became Guard Army General. Langyaxiu sent envoys bearing tribute.
140
十五年春正月己巳，詔曰：「觀時設教，王政所先，兼而利之，實惟務本，移風致治，咸由此作。 頃因革之令，隨事必下，而張弛之要，未臻厥宜，民瘼猶繁，廉平尚寡，所以佇旒纊而載懷，朝玉帛而興歎。 可申下四方，政有不便於民者，所在具條以聞。 守宰若清潔可稱，或侵漁爲蠹，分別奏上，將行黜陟。 長吏勸課，躬履堤防，勿有不脩，致妨農事。 關市之賦，或有未允，外時參量，優減舊格。」
In the fifteenth year, on jisi day of the first month of spring, an edict said: "To read the times and set teaching is what royal government must put first; to combine and benefit the people is truly the root task; to shift the customs and bring order—all proceeds from this. Recently orders of reform have followed one upon another, yet the art of tightening and loosening has not reached its proper measure; the people's afflictions remain many and upright, fair officials are still few—therefore I pause before the throne in constant concern and sigh as I face tribute at court. Let this be declared to the four directions: wherever policy burdens the people, let the particulars be listed and reported. Prefects and magistrates, whether clean and worthy of praise or plundering like pests, shall be reported separately, and promotion or dismissal will follow. Senior officials should encourage the fields and personally inspect embankments and dikes, so that no neglect harms the farming season. Market and pass taxes may not be fair—let them be reviewed from time to time and eased below the old scale."
141
三月戊辰朔，日有蝕之。
In the third month, on the wuchen new moon, there was a solar eclipse.
142
夏四月丁未，以安右將軍豫章王綜兼護軍。 高麗國遣使獻方物。
In the fourth month of summer, on dingwei day, Prince of Yuzhang Zong, Pacification Right General, was also made Guard Army. Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute.
143
五月癸未，以司空、揚州刺史臨川王宏爲中書監，驃騎大將軍、刺史如故。
In the fifth month, on guiwei day, Prince of Linchuan Hong, Minister of Works and inspector of Yangzhou, became Supervisor of the Masters of Writing; his titles as Fast Cavalry Grand General and inspector remained unchanged.
144
六月丙申，改作小廟畢。 庚子，以尚書令王瑩爲左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司，尚書右僕射袁昂爲尚書左僕射，吏部尚書王暕爲尚書右僕射。
In the sixth month, on bingshen day, rebuilding of the small temple was completed. On gengzi day, Wang Ying, Director of the Masters of Writing, became Left Grand Master for Splendor with open office and third-rank ceremonial parity; Yuan Ang, Right Vice Director, became Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; and Wang Yan, Director of the Ministry of Personnel, became Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
145
秋八月，老人星見。 芮芮、河南遣使獻方物。
In the eighth month of autumn, the Old Man Star was seen. Rouran and Henan sent envoys bearing tribute.
146
九月辛巳，左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司王瑩薨。 壬辰，赦天下。
In the ninth month, on xinsi day, Wang Ying, Left Grand Master for Splendor with open office and third-rank ceremonial parity, died. On renchen day, the realm was pardoned.
147
冬十月戊午，以丹陽尹長沙王深業爲湘州刺史。
In the tenth month of winter, on wuwu day, Prince of Changsha Shen Ye, prefect of Danyang, became inspector of Xiangzhou.
148
十一月丁卯，以兼護軍豫章王綜爲安前將軍。 交州刺史李畟斬交州反者阮宗孝，傳首京師。 曲赦交州。 壬午，以雍州刺史韋叡爲護軍將軍。
In the eleventh month, on dingmao day, Prince of Yuzhang Zong, who also held the Guard Army post, became Pacification Front General. Li Bi, inspector of Jiaozhou, executed the rebel Ruan Zongxiao and sent his head to the capital. Jiaozhou received a partial amnesty. On renwu day, Wei Rui, inspector of Yongzhou, became Guard Army General.
149
十六年春正月辛未，輿駕親祠南郊，詔曰：「朕當扆思治，政道未明，昧旦劬勞，亟移星紀。 今太皞御氣，句芒首節，升中就陽，禋敬克展，務承天休，布茲和澤。 尤貧之家，勿收今年三調。 其無田業者，所在量宜賦給。 若民有產子，卽依格優蠲。 孤老鰥寡不能自存，咸加賑卹。 班下四方。 諸州郡縣，時理獄訟，勿使冤滯，並若親覽。」
In the sixteenth year, on xinwei day of the first month of spring, the Emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person; an edict said: "I sit at the throne and ponder how to govern, yet the way of rule is not yet clear; from earliest dawn I toil, and the seasons have already turned again. Now Grand Brightness governs the qi and Goumang opens the season; ascending to the center to meet the yang, sacrificial reverence is fully shown; I strive to receive Heaven's blessing and spread this harmonious grace. For the poorest households, do not collect this year's three levies. For those without land or livelihood, let each place assess their need and provide accordingly. If the people have newborn children, grant lenient exemption according to regulation. Orphans, the aged, widowers, and widows who cannot support themselves shall all receive relief and comfort. Let this be proclaimed to the four directions. In every province, commandery, and county, let lawsuits be handled in timely fashion and wrongful delay be avoided, as if I were reviewing them in person."
150
二月庚戌，老人星見，甲寅，以安前將軍豫章王綜爲南徐州刺史。
In the second month, on gengxu day the Old Man Star was seen; on jiayin day, Prince of Yuzhang Zong, Pacification Front General, became inspector of South Xuzhou.
151
三月丙子，河南王遣使獻方物。
In the third month, on bingzi day, the Prince of Henan sent envoys bearing tribute.
152
夏四月甲子，初去宗廟牲。 潮溝獲白雀一。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiazi day, sacrificial animals were first removed from the ancestral temple. A white sparrow was caught at Chaogou.
153
六月戊申，以廬陵王績爲江州刺史。
In the sixth month, on wushen day, Prince of Luling Ji became inspector of Jiangzhou.
154
七月丁丑，以郢州刺史安成王秀爲鎮北將軍、雍州刺史。
In the seventh month, on dingchou day, Prince of Ancheng Xiu, inspector of Yingzhou, became General Who Garrisons the North and inspector of Yongzhou.
155
八月辛丑，老人星見。 扶南、婆利國各遣使獻方物。
In the eighth month, on xinchou day, the Old Man Star was seen. Funan and Poli each sent envoys bearing tribute.
156
冬十月，去宗廟薦脩，始用蔬果。
In the tenth month of winter, cured meat offerings were removed from the ancestral temple and vegetables and fruits were used for the first time.
157
十七年春正月丁巳朔，詔曰：「夫樂所自生，含識之常性； 厚下安宅，馭世之通規。 朕矜此庶氓，無忘待旦，亟弘生聚之略，每布寬恤之恩； 而編戶未滋，遷徙尚有，輕去故鄉，豈其本志？ 資業殆闕，自返莫由，巢南之心，亦何能弭。 今開元發歲，品物惟新，思俾黔黎，各安舊所。 將使郡無曠土，邑靡遊民，雞犬相聞，桑柘交畛。 凡天下之民，有流移他境，在天監十七年正月一日以前，可開恩半歲，悉聽還本，蠲課三年。 其流寓過遠者，量加程日。 若有不樂還者，卽使著土籍爲民，准舊課輸。 若流移之後，本鄉無復居宅者，村司三老及餘親屬，卽爲詣縣，占請村內官地官宅，令相容受，使戀本者還有所託。 凡坐爲市埭諸職，割盜衰滅應被封籍者，其田宅車牛，是民生之具，不得悉以沒入，皆優量分留，使得自止。 其商賈富室，亦不得頓相兼併。 遁叛之身，罪無輕重，並許首出，還復民伍。 若有拘限，自還本役。 並爲條格，咸使知聞。」
In the seventeenth year, on the dingsi new moon of the first month of spring, an edict declared: "The source of joy is life itself—this is the constant nature of every sentient being; To treat those below with kindness and give every house a secure home is the universal law of ruling the realm. I pity the common people, rise before dawn without forgetting them, and have again and again opened policies to nurture and gather them, often dispensing lenient mercy— yet registered households have not multiplied, migration continues, and people lightly abandon their native places—is that truly what they wish? Their means and livelihood are nearly gone, they cannot make their own way back, and the heart that turns homeward—how can it find rest? Now a new year opens and all things are made new; I mean to let the black-haired people each settle again in their old homes. Then no commandery need keep idle fields, no district harbor wandering folk—neighbors' cocks and dogs will be heard, mulberry and paper-mulberry lines will meet along the lanes. Every subject who has drifted elsewhere, if the move came before the first day of the first month of Tianjian 17, shall receive a half-year grace period, be allowed to return home, and have taxes remitted for three years. For those who have settled far away, extra days shall be added to the allowed travel time. Whoever is unwilling to return shall at once be entered on local rolls as a resident and taxed at the old rates. If a migrant's home village no longer holds a dwelling, village officers, three elders, and kin shall go to the county and claim official land and dwellings in the village so they can be received—giving those who long for home somewhere to return. In cases of market-toll offices, robbery, or diminishing inheritance where property should be seized, fields, dwellings, carts, and oxen—the very tools of life—may not all be confiscated; a generous portion shall be left in every case so people can support themselves. Wealthy merchant houses likewise may not suddenly swallow one another up. Whether the crime was great or small, fugitives and deserters may all surrender and be restored to the common rolls. Where there are fixed obligations, they shall return to their original service. Let these rules be set out and made known everywhere."
158
二月癸巳，鎮北將軍、雍州刺史安成王秀薨。 甲辰，大赦天下。 乙卯，以領石頭戍事南康王績爲南兗州刺史。
In the second month, on guisi day, General Who Pacifies the North and Yongzhou inspector Prince of Ancheng Xiu died. On jiachen day, a great amnesty was proclaimed for all under Heaven. On yimao day, Prince of Nankang Ji, who held command of Stone Fort garrison, was made inspector of South Yanzhou.
159
三月甲申，老人星見。 丙申，改封建安王偉爲南平王。
In the third month, on jiashen day, the Old Man star appeared. On bingshen day, Prince of Jian'an Wei was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Nanping.
160
夏五月戊寅，驃騎大將軍、揚州刺史臨川王宏免。 己卯、干陁利國遣使獻方物。 以領軍將軍蕭景爲安右將軍，監揚州。 辛巳，以臨川王宏爲中軍將軍、中書監。
In the fifth month of summer, on wuyin day, Rapid Cavalry Grand General and Yangzhou inspector Prince of Linchuan Hong was dismissed. On jimao day, Gandhara sent envoys bearing tribute. Xiao Jing, Commandant-of-the-Guards, was made Pacification Right General and overseer of Yangzhou. On xinsi day, Prince of Linchuan Hong was made Central Army General and Supervisor of the Secretariat.
161
六月乙酉，以益州刺史鄱陽王恢爲領軍將軍。 中軍將軍，中書監臨川王宏以本號行司徒。 癸卯，以國子祭酒蔡撙爲吏部尚書。
In the sixth month, on yiyou day, Prince of Poyang Hui, inspector of Yizhou, was made Commandant-of-the-Guards. Central Army General and Supervisor of the Secretariat Prince of Linchuan Hong served as acting Minister of Education under his existing titles. On guimao day, Cai Zuan, Imperial Academy Rector, was made Minister of Personnel.
162
秋八月壬寅，老人星見。 詔以兵騶奴婢，男年登六十，女年登五十，免爲平民。
In the eighth month of autumn, on renyin day, the Old Man star appeared. An edict declared that military escort slaves and servant-women—men at sixty and women at fifty—should be freed as commoners.
163
冬十月乙亥，以中軍將軍、行司徒臨川王宏爲中書監、司徒。
In the tenth month of winter, on yihai day, Central Army General and acting Minister of Education Prince of Linchuan Hong was made Supervisor of the Secretariat and Minister of Education.
164
十一月辛亥，以南平王偉爲左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司。
In the eleventh month, on xinhai day, Prince of Nanping Wei was made Left Grandee for Splendid Merit with an open office at third-rank ceremonial parity.
165
十八年春正月甲申，以領軍將軍鄱陽王恢爲征西將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史，荊州刺史始興王憺爲中撫將軍、開府儀同三司、領軍。 以尚書左僕射袁昂爲尚書令，尚書右僕射王暕爲尚書左僕射，太子詹事徐勉爲尚書右僕射。 辛卯，輿駕親祠南郊，孝悌力田賜爵一級。
In the eighteenth year, on jiashen day of the first month of spring, Commandant-of-the-Guards Prince of Poyang Hui was made General Who Pacifies the West with an open office at third-rank ceremonial parity and inspector of Jingzhou; and Jingzhou inspector Prince of Shixing Dan was made Central Pacification General with an open office at third-rank ceremonial parity and Commandant-of-the-Guards. Yuan Ang, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, became Director of the Masters of Writing; Wang Jian, Right Vice Director, became Left Vice Director; and Xu Mian, Crown Prince Steward, became Right Vice Director. On xinmao day, the Emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person, and filial sons, obedient brothers, and strong farmers were granted one rank of nobility.
166
二月戊午，老人星見。
In the second month, on wuwu day, the Old Man star appeared.
167
四月丁巳，大赦天下。
In the fourth month, on dingsi day, a great amnesty was proclaimed for all under Heaven.
168
秋七月甲申，老人星見。 于闐、扶南國各遣使獻方物。 [1]
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiashen day, the Old Man star appeared. Khotan and Funan each sent envoys bearing tribute. Editorial footnote marker in the source text.
169
全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Liang (May 1973).