1
梁書卷第三本紀第三
Book of Liang, Volume 3, Annals 3
2
武帝下
Emperor Wu, Lower Annals
3
普通元年春正月乙亥朔，改元，大赦天下。 賜文武勞位，孝悌力田爵一級，尤貧之家，勿收常調，鰥寡孤獨，並加贍卹。 丙子，日有蝕之。 己卯，以司徒臨川王宏爲太尉、揚州刺史，安右將軍、監揚州蕭景爲安西將軍、郢州刺史。 尚書左僕射王暕以母憂去職，金紫光祿大夫王份爲尚書左僕射。 庚子，扶南、高麗國各遣使獻方物。
On yihai, the first day of spring in Putong 1 (520 CE), the era name was changed and a general amnesty was declared. Meritorious civil and military officials were rewarded with rank; filial and diligent farmers gained one noble rank; the poorest households were exempt from regular taxes; widowers, widows, orphans, and the alone received extra relief. On bingzi day there was a solar eclipse. On jimao, Minister over the Masses and Prince of Linchuan Hong became Grand Commandant and Yangzhou inspector; General Who Pacifies the Right Xiao Jing, supervisor of Yangzhou, became General Who Pacifies the West and Yingzhou inspector. Left Vice Director Wang Dan resigned for mourning; Jinzi-guanglu Grand Master Wang Fen replaced him as Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On gengzi, Funan and Goguryeo each sent envoys with tribute.
4
二月壬子，老人星見。 癸丑，以高麗王世子安爲寧東將軍、高麗王。
In the second month, on renzi, the Old Man Star was seen. On guichou, Goguryeo crown prince An was made General Who Pacifies the East and king of Goguryeo.
5
三月丙戌，滑國遣使獻方物。
In the third month, on bingxu, Huaguo sent envoys with tribute.
6
夏四月甲午，河南王遣使獻方物。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiawu, the King of Henan sent envoys with tribute.
7
六月丁未，以護軍將軍韋叡爲車騎將軍。
In the sixth month, on dingwei, Protector of the Army Wei Rui was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry.
8
秋七月己卯，江、淮、海並溢。 辛卯，以信威將軍卲陵王綸爲江州刺史。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jimao, the Yangtze, Huai, and the coast all flooded at once. On xinmao, General of Trustworthy Might and Prince of Shaoling Lun was made Jiangzhou inspector.
9
八月庚戌，老人星見。 甲子，新除車騎將軍韋叡卒。
In the eighth month, on gengxu, the Old Man Star was seen. On jiazi, the newly appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry Wei Rui died.
10
九月乙亥，有星晨見東方，光爛如火。
In the ninth month, on yihai, a morning star appeared in the east, blazing like fire.
11
冬十月辛亥，以宣惠將軍長沙王深業爲護軍將軍。 辛酉，以丹陽尹晉安王綱爲平西將軍、益州刺史。
In the tenth month of winter, on xinhai, General Who Proclaims Grace and Prince of Changsha Shenye was made Protector of the Army. On xinyou, Danyang intendant and Prince of Jin'an Gang was made General Who Pacifies the West and Yizhou inspector.
12
二年春正月甲戌，以南徐州刺史豫章王綜爲鎮右將軍。 新除益州刺史晉安王綱改爲徐州刺史。 辛巳，輿駕親祠南郊。 詔曰：「春司御氣，虔恭報祀，陶匏剋誠，蒼璧禮備，思隨乾覆，布茲亭育。 凡民有單老孤稚，不能自存，主者郡縣咸加收養，贍給衣食，每令周足，以終其身。 又於京師置孤獨園，孤幼有歸，華髮不匱。 若終年命，厚加料理。 尤窮之家，勿收租賦。」 戊子，大赦天下。
In spring of year 2, on jiaxu, South Xuzhou inspector and Prince of Yuzhang Zong was made General Who Guards the Right. The newly appointed Yizhou inspector, Prince of Jin'an Gang, was reassigned as Xuzhou inspector. On xinsi, the emperor personally sacrificed at the Southern Suburbs. An edict said, "The spring office governs the vital breath; with reverent offering I return thanks—earthen vessels and gourds show sincerity, the azure bi completes the rite; my thoughts follow Heaven's shelter, spreading this care for all. Any solitary elder or orphaned child who cannot support himself shall be taken in by the local commandery or county, given food and clothing in full measure, and cared for to the end of life. A Garden for the Solitary and Alone was also established at the capital, so orphans and young have a refuge and white-haired elders do not go wanting. When they reach the end of their lives, generous arrangements are to be made. The poorest households are exempt from rent and levies. On wuzi, a general amnesty was proclaimed for the empire.
13
二月辛丑，輿駕親祠明堂。
In the second month, on xinchou, the emperor personally sacrificed at the Bright Hall.
14
三月庚寅，大雪，平地三尺。
In the third month, on gengyin, heavy snow piled three chi deep on level ground.
15
夏四月乙卯，改作南北郊。 丙辰，詔曰：「夫欽若昊天，歷象無違。 躬執耒耜，盡力致敬，上協星鳥，俯訓民時，平秩東作，義不在南。 前代因襲，有乖禮制，可於震方，簡求沃野，具茲千畝，庶允舊章。」
In the fourth month of summer, on yimao, the Northern and Southern Suburban altars were rebuilt. On bingchen, an edict said, "Reverently conforming to August Heaven, the calendar and stars must not be violated. Personally holding plow and hoe and offering full reverence, harmonizing above with the stars and instructing below the people in the seasons, ordering the eastern labors in their ranks—the rite does not belong in the south. Former ages followed precedent in ways that violated ritual; in the east one may select fertile land and prepare these thousand mu, so the old statutes may be fulfilled."
16
五月癸卯，琬琰殿火，延燒後宮屋三千間。 丁巳，詔曰：「王公卿士，今拜表賀瑞，雖則百辟體國之誠，朕懷良有多愧。 若其澤漏川泉，仁被動植，氣調玉燭，治致太平，爰降嘉祥，可無慚德； 而政道多缺，淳化未凝，何以仰叶辰和，遠臻冥貺？ 此乃更彰寡薄，重增其尤。 自今可停賀瑞。」
In the fifth month, on guimao, Wanyan Hall caught fire and the blaze spread through three thousand rooms of the rear palace. On dingsi, an edict said, "Princes, dukes, and ministers now submit memorials congratulating us on auspicious omens; though this shows the hundred officials' care for the state, I feel much shame. If grace overflowed like springs, benevolence covered all living things, the seasons ran true, governance reached great peace, and blessings descended—then one might feel no shame; but the way of governance has many gaps and pure custom is not yet fixed—how then can I accord with heavenly harmony or earn distant blessing? This only exposes my slightness and adds to the fault. From now on, congratulations on auspicious omens are to cease."
17
六月丁卯，信威將軍、義州刺史文僧明以州叛入于魏。
In the sixth month, on dingmao, General of Trustworthy Might and Yizhou inspector Wen Sengming rebelled and defected to Wei.
18
秋七月丁酉，假大匠卿裴邃節，督衆軍北討。 甲寅，老人星見。 魏荊州刺史桓叔興帥衆降。
In the seventh month of autumn, on dingyou, Acting Chief Master of Construction Pei Su was given command and directed the armies on a northern campaign. On jiayin, the Old Man Star was seen. Wei's Jingzhou inspector Huan Shuxing surrendered with his forces.
19
八月丁亥，始平郡中石鼓村地自開成井，方六尺六寸，深三十二丈。
In the eighth month, on dinghai, the ground in Shigu village, Shiping commandery, opened by itself into a well six chi six cun square and thirty-two zhang deep.
20
冬十一月，百濟、新羅國各遣使獻方物。
In the eleventh month of winter, Baekje and Silla each sent envoys with tribute.
21
十二月戊辰，以鎮東大將軍百濟王餘隆爲寧東大將軍。
In the twelfth month, on wuchen, Baekje king Yulong, General Who Guards the East, was promoted to Grand General Who Pacifies the East.
22
三年春正月庚子，以尚書令袁昂爲中書監，吳郡太守王暕爲尚書左僕射，尚書左僕射王份爲右光祿大夫。 庚戌，京師地震。 己未，以宣毅將軍廬陵王續爲雍州刺史。
In spring of year 3, on gengzi, Director of the Masters of Writing Yuan Ang became Supervisor of the Masters of Writing; Wu commandery administrator Wang Dan became Left Vice Director; Left Vice Director Wang Fen became Right Grand Master of the Palace. On gengxu, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. On jiwei, General Who Proclaims Resolution and Prince of Luling Xu was made Yongzhou inspector.
23
三月乙卯，巴陵王蕭屏薨。
In the third month, on yimao, Prince of Baling Xiao Ping died.
24
夏四月丁卯，汝陰王劉端薨。
In the fourth month of summer, on dingmao, Prince of Ruyin Liu Duan died.
25
五月壬辰朔，日有蝕之，旣。 癸巳，赦天下。 並班下四方，民所疾苦，鹹卽以聞，公卿百僚各上封事，連率郡國舉賢良、方正、直言之士。
On renchen, the first day of the fifth month, there was a solar eclipse; when it ended, on guisi an amnesty was proclaimed for the empire. Orders went out to the four directions: popular hardships were to be reported at once; officials were to submit sealed memorials; regional inspectors and commanderies were to recommend worthy, upright, and plain-speaking men.
26
秋八月辛酉，作二郊及籍田並畢，班賜工匠各有差。 甲子，老人星見。 婆利、白題國各遣使獻方物。
In the eighth month of autumn, on xinyou, the two suburban altars and the sacred field were completed, and craftsmen were rewarded in varying degrees. On jiazi, the Old Man Star was seen. Bali and Baiti each sent envoys with tribute.
27
冬十月丙子，加中書監袁昂中衛將軍。
In the tenth month of winter, on bingzi, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing Yuan Ang was additionally made Central Guard General.
28
十一月甲午，撫軍將軍、開府儀同三司、領軍將軍始興王憺薨。 辛丑，以太子詹事蕭淵藻爲領軍將軍。
In the eleventh month, on jiawu, Pacification Army General, Bearer of the Staff with ministerial honors, and Army Inspector Prince of Shixing Dan died. On xinchou, Crown Prince's Household Director Xiao Yuanzao was made Army Inspector.
29
四年春正月辛卯，輿駕親祠南郊，大赦天下。 應諸窮疾，咸加賑卹，並班下四方，時理獄訟。 丙午，輿駕親祠明堂。
In spring of year 4, on xinmao, the emperor personally sacrificed at the Southern Suburbs and proclaimed a general amnesty. All who suffered extreme poverty or illness received relief; orders went out to the four directions and lawsuits were promptly heard. On bingwu, the emperor personally sacrificed at the Bright Hall.
30
二月庚午，老人星見。 乙亥，躬耕籍田。 詔曰：「夫耕籍之義大矣哉！ 粢盛由之而興，禮節因之以著，古者哲王咸用此作。 眷言八政，致茲千畝，公卿百辟，恪恭其儀，九推畢禮，馨香靡替。 兼以風雲叶律，氣象光華，屬覽休辰，思加獎勸。 可班下遠近，廣辟良疇，公私畎畝，務盡地利。 若欲附農而糧種有乏，亦加貸卹，每使優遍。 孝悌力田賜爵一級。 預耕之司，剋日勞酒。」
In the second month, on gengwu, the Old Man Star was seen. On yihai, the emperor personally plowed the sacred field. An edict said, "The meaning of plowing the sacred field is great indeed! Sacred grain rises from it and ritual form is made manifest; ancient sage kings all used this practice. Reflecting on the eight policies at these thousand mu, dukes, ministers, and the hundred officials reverently performed the rites; the ninefold push completed the ceremony and the fragrant offering did not cease. Moreover wind and cloud accorded with the pitch pipes and the signs were bright; on this auspicious day I wish to add reward and encouragement. Orders are to go out far and near to open good fields; public and private plots alike must make full use of the land. If one wishes to farm but lacks seed grain, loans and relief are also to be granted, always making the benefit broad and complete. Those showing filial piety and diligence in farming receive one rank of nobility. The offices participating in the plowing shall, on the appointed day, offer labor wine."
31
三月壬寅，以鎮右將軍豫章王綜爲平北將軍、南兗州刺史。
In the third month, on renyin, General Who Guards the Right and Prince of Yuzhang Zong was made General Who Pacifies the North and South Yanzhou inspector.
32
六月乙丑，分益州置信州，分交州置愛州，分廣州置成州、南定州、合州、建州，分霍州置義州。
In the sixth month, on yichou, Yizhou was split to create Xin province; Jiaozhou to create Ai province; Guangzhou to create Cheng, South Ding, He, and Jian provinces; and Huo province to create Yi province.
33
秋八月丁卯，老人星見。
In the eighth month of autumn, on dingmao, the Old Man Star was seen.
34
冬十月庚午，以中書監、中衛將軍袁昂爲尚書令，卽本號開府儀同三司。 己卯，護軍將軍昌義之卒。
In the tenth month of winter, on gengwu, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing and Central Guard General Yuan Ang became Director of the Masters of Writing while retaining his ministerial honors. On jimao, Protector of the Army Chang Yizhi died.
35
十一月癸未朔，日有蝕之。 太白晝見。 甲辰，尚書左僕射王暕卒。
On guiwei, the first day of the eleventh month, there was a solar eclipse. Venus was visible in daylight. On jiachen, Left Vice Director Wang Dan died.
36
十二月戊午，始鑄鐵錢。 狼牙脩國遣使獻方物。
In the twelfth month, on wuwu, iron coin was first cast. Langyaxiu sent envoys with tribute.
37
五年春正月，以左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司南平王偉爲鎮衛大將軍，改領右光祿大夫，儀同三司如故。 征西將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史鄱陽王恢進號驃騎大將軍。 太府卿夏侯亶爲中護軍。 右光祿大夫王份爲左光祿大夫，加特進。 辛卯，平北將軍、南兗州刺史豫章王綜進號鎮北將軍。 平西將軍、雍州刺史晉安王綱進號安北將軍。
In spring of year 5, Left Grand Master of the Palace and Bearer of the Staff Prince of Nanping Wei was made Grand General Who Guards the Realm and reassigned as Right Grand Master of the Palace with ministerial honors unchanged. General Who Conquers the West, Bearer of the Staff, and Jingzhou inspector Prince of Poyang Hui was promoted to General of Agile Cavalry. Minister of the Imperial Treasury Xiahou Dan was made Central Army Protector. Right Grand Master of the Palace Wang Fen became Left Grand Master of the Palace and was additionally granted Special Advancement. On xinmao, General Who Pacifies the North and South Yanzhou inspector Prince of Yuzhang Zong was promoted to General Who Guards the North. General Who Pacifies the West and Yongzhou inspector Prince of Jin'an Gang was promoted to General Who Pacifies the North.
38
二月庚午，特進、左光祿大夫王份卒。 丁丑，老人星見。
In the second month, on gengwu, Special Advancement and Left Grand Master of the Palace Wang Fen died. On dingchou, the Old Man Star was seen.
39
三月甲戌，分揚州、江州置東揚州。
In the third month, on jiaxu, Yangzhou and Jiangzhou were split to create East Yangzhou.
40
夏四月乙未，以雲麾將軍南康王績爲江州刺史。
In the fourth month of summer, on yiwei, General of Cloud Pennons and Prince of Nankang Ji was made Jiangzhou inspector.
41
六月乙酉，龍鬬于曲阿王陂，因西行至建陵城。 所經處樹木倒折，開地數十丈。 戊子，以會稽太守武陵王紀爲東揚州刺史。 庚子，以員外散騎常侍元樹爲平北將軍、北青、兗二州刺史，率衆北伐。
In the sixth month, on yiyou, dragons fought at Qu'e Wang's embankment and then moved west to Jianling city. Along their path trees were snapped and uprooted, tearing open ground several tens of zhang wide. On wuzi, Kuaiji administrator and Prince of Wuling Ji was made East Yangzhou inspector. On gengzi, Supernumerary Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary Yuan Shu was made General Who Pacifies the North and inspector of North Qing and Yan provinces, leading forces on a northern campaign.
42
秋七月辛未，賜北討義客位一階。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinwei, volunteers in the northern campaign were granted one rank.
43
八月庚寅，徐州刺史成景雋剋魏童城。
On gengyin day in the eighth month, Xuzhou inspector Cheng Jingjuan took Wei's Tong city.
44
九月戊申，又剋睢陵城。 戊午，北兗州刺史趙景悅圍荊山。 壬戌，宣毅將軍裴邃襲壽陽，入羅城，弗剋。
On wushen day in the ninth month, he captured Suiling city as well. On wuwu day, North Yanzhou inspector Zhao Jingyue laid siege to Jingshan. On renxu day, General Who Displays Boldness Pei Sui struck Shouyang, broke into the outer wall, and failed to take the city.
45
冬十月戊寅，裴邃、元樹攻魏建陵城，破之。 辛巳，又破曲木。 掃虜將軍彭寶孫剋琅邪。 甲申，又剋檀丘城。 辛卯，裴邃破狄城。 丙申，又剋甓城，遂進屯黎漿。 壬寅，魏東海太守韋敬欣以司吾城降。 定遠將軍太守□□曹世宗破魏曲陽城。 甲辰，又剋秦墟。 魏郿、潘溪守悉皆棄城走。
On wuyin day in the tenth month of winter, Pei Sui and Yuan Shu stormed Wei's Jianling city and broke it. On xinsi day they broke Qumu as well. General Who Sweeps Barbarians Peng Baosun took Langye. On jiashen day he captured Tanqiu city as well. On xinmao day Pei Sui broke Dicheng. On bingshen day he took Picheng as well, then pushed forward and encamped at Lijiang. On renyin day, Wei's Donghai administrator Wei Jingxin surrendered Siwu city. General Who Establishes the Distance Cao Shizong broke Wei's Quyang city. On jiachen day he captured Qinxu as well. The garrisons at Wei's Mei and Panxi all abandoned their cities and fled.
46
十一月丙辰，彭寶孫剋東莞城。 壬戌，裴邃攻壽陽之安城，剋之。 丙寅，魏馬頭、安城並來降。
On bingchen day in the eleventh month, Peng Baosun took Dongguan city. On renxu day Pei Sui assaulted An city at Shouyang and took it. On bingyin day Wei's Matou and Ancheng both surrendered.
47
十二月戊寅，魏荊山城降。 乙巳，武勇將軍李國興攻平靜關，剋之。 辛丑，信威長史楊法乾攻武陽關； 壬寅，攻峴關：並剋之。
On wuyin day in the twelfth month, Wei's Jingshan city surrendered. On yisi day General of Martial Valor Li Guoxing attacked Pingjing Pass and took it. On xinchou day Xinwei chief clerk Yang Faqian attacked Wuyang Pass; on renyin day he attacked Xian Pass as well, and both passes fell.
48
六年春正月丙午，安北將軍晉安王綱遣長史柳津破魏南鄉郡，司馬董當門破魏晉城。 庚戌，又破馬圈、彫陽二城。 辛亥，輿駕親祠南郊，大赦天下。 庚申，魏鎮東將軍、徐州刺史元法僧以彭城內附。 己巳，雍州前軍剋魏新蔡郡。 詔曰：「廟謨已定，王略方舉。 侍中、領軍將軍西昌侯淵藻，可便親戎，以前啓行； 鎮北將軍、南兗州刺史豫章王綜董馭雄桀，風馳次邁； 其餘衆軍，計日差遣，初中後師，善得嚴辦。 朕當六軍雲動，龍舟濟江。」 癸酉，剋魏鄭城。 甲戌，以魏鎮東將軍、徐州刺史元法僧爲司空。
On bingwu day in the first month of spring, year 6, General Who Pacifies the North Prince Gang of Jin'an sent chief clerk Liu Jin to break Wei's South Xiang commandery and major Dong Dangmen to break Wei's Jincheng. On gengxu day he broke Maquan and Diaoyang as well. On xinhai day the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburbs in person and proclaimed a general amnesty. On gengshen day Wei's General Who Guards the East and Xuzhou inspector Yuan Faseng surrendered Pengcheng to the court. On jisi day Yongzhou's vanguard broke Wei's Xincai commandery. An edict said, "The plan in the temple is fixed and the royal strategy is about to unfold. Palace attendant and General Who Leads the Army Marquis Yuanzao of Xichang is to take the field in person at once and advance as before; General Who Guards the North and South Yanzhou inspector Prince Zong of Yuzhang shall marshal the bold heroes and race forward like the wind; the remaining armies are to be sent out on fixed days, with first, middle, and rear columns kept in strict readiness. I myself shall move the Six Armies like gathering clouds, and dragon boats shall cross the river." On guiyou day Wei's Zheng city was taken. On jiaxu day Wei's General Who Guards the East and Xuzhou inspector Yuan Faseng was made Minister of Works.
49
二月丁丑，老人星見。 庚辰，南徐州刺史廬陵王續還朝，稟承戎略。 乙未，趙景悅下魏龍亢城。
On dingchou day in the second month the Old Man star appeared. On gengchen day South Xuzhou inspector Prince Xu of Luling returned to court to receive the military plan. On yiwei day Zhao Jingyue took Wei's Longgang city.
50
三月丙午，歲星見南斗。 賜新附民長復除，應諸罪失一無所問。 己酉，行幸白下城，履行六軍頓所。 乙丑，鎮北將軍、南兗州刺史豫章王綜權頓彭城，總督衆軍，並攝徐州府事。 己巳，以魏假平東將軍元景隆爲衡州刺史，魏征虜將軍元景仲爲廣州刺史。
On bingwu day in the third month Jupiter appeared in the Southern Dipper. Chiefs among the newly submitted people were granted tax exemption, and all past crimes and faults were forgiven. On jiyou day the emperor went to Baixia city and inspected the encampments of the Six Armies. On yichou day General Who Guards the North and South Yanzhou inspector Prince Zong of Yuzhang was posted at Pengcheng to command all armies and concurrently administer Xuzhou affairs. On jisi day Wei's acting General Who Pacifies the East Yuan Jinglong was made Hengzhou inspector, and Wei's General Who Conquers Barbarians Yuan Jingzhong was made Guangzhou inspector.
51
夏五月己酉，築宿預堰，又修曹公堰於濟陰。 太白晝見。 壬子，遣中護軍夏侯亶督壽陽諸軍事，北伐。
On jiyou day in the fifth month of summer the Suyu dam was built and the Cao Gong dam repaired in Jiyin. Venus was seen in daylight. On renzi day Central Army Protector Xiahou Dan was sent to command the armies at Shouyang and march north.
52
六月庚辰，豫章王綜奔于魏，魏復據彭城。
On gengchen day in the sixth month Prince Zong of Yuzhang fled to Wei, and Wei reoccupied Pengcheng.
53
秋七月壬戌，大赦天下。
On renxu day in the seventh month of autumn a general amnesty was proclaimed.
54
八月丙子，以散騎常侍曹仲宗兼領軍。 壬午，老人星見。
On bingzi day in the eighth month Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary Cao Zongzong was made concurrent Director of Palace Attendants. On renwu day the Old Man star appeared.
55
十二月戊子，卲陵王綸有罪，免官，削爵土。 壬辰，京師地震。
On wuzi day in the twelfth month Prince Lun of Shaoling was found guilty, removed from office, and stripped of title and fief. On renchen day the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
56
七年春正月辛丑朔，赦殊死以下。 丁卯，滑國遣使獻方物。
On the new year, xinchou day in the first month of spring, year 7, all below capital punishment were pardoned. On dingmao day Huaguo sent envoys with tribute.
57
二月甲戌，北伐衆軍解嚴。 河南遣使獻方物。 丁亥，老人星見。
On jiaxu day in the second month the northern campaign armies stood down from alert. Henan sent envoys with tribute. On dinghai day the Old Man star appeared.
58
三月乙卯，高麗國遣使獻方物。
On yimao day in the third month Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
59
夏四月乙酉，太尉臨川王宏薨。 南州津改置校尉，增加俸秩。 詔在位羣臣，各舉所知，凡是清吏，咸使薦聞，州年舉二人，大郡一人。
On yiyou day in the fourth month of summer Grand Preceptor Prince Hong of Linchuan died. Crossing officers were established at southern river fords, and their stipends were increased. An edict ordered every minister in office to recommend those he knew; all upright officials were to be brought forward, with two nominations per province each year and one per large commandery.
60
六月己卯，林邑國遣使獻方物。 秋九月己酉，驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史鄱陽王恢薨。
On jimao day in the sixth month Linyi sent envoys with tribute. On jiyou day in the ninth month of autumn General of Agile Cavalry, Grand General with Staff Equal to the Three Dignities, and Jingzhou inspector Prince Hui of Poyang died.
61
冬十月辛未，以丹陽尹、湘東王繹爲荊州刺史。
On xinwei day in the tenth month of winter Danyang prefect Prince Yi of Xiangdong was made Jingzhou inspector.
62
三月辛未，輿駕幸同泰寺捨身。 甲戌，還宮，赦天下，改元。 以左衛將軍蕭淵藻爲中護軍。 林邑、師子國各遣使獻方物。
On xinwei day in the third month the emperor went to Tongtai Temple and offered his body in renunciation. On jiaxu day he returned to the palace, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the reign era. Left Guard General Xiao Yuanzao was made Central Army Protector. Linyi and Shizi each sent envoys with tribute.
63
夏五月丙寅，成景雋剋魏臨潼竹邑。
On bingyin day in the fifth month of summer Cheng Jingjuan took Wei's Lintong and Zhuyi.
64
秋八月壬辰，老人星見。
On renchen day in the eighth month of autumn the Old Man star appeared.
65
冬十月庚戌，魏東豫州刺史元慶和以渦陽內屬。 甲寅，曲赦東豫州。
On gengxu day in the tenth month of winter Wei's East Yuzhou inspector Yuan Qinghe surrendered Guoyang to the court. On jiayin day a partial amnesty was granted for East Yuzhou.
66
十一月丁卯，以中護軍蕭淵藻爲北討都督、征北大將軍，鎮渦陽。 戊辰，加尚書令、中衛將軍、開府儀同三司袁昂中書監。 以渦陽置西徐州。 高麗國遣使獻方物。
On dingmao day in the eleventh month Central Army Protector Xiao Yuanzao was made Northern Campaign Commander and General Who Conquers the North and stationed at Guoyang. On wuchen day Director of the Masters of Writing, Central Guard General, and Grand General with Staff Equal to the Three Dignities Yuan Ang was additionally made Director of the Palace Library. West Xuzhou was established at Guoyang. Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
67
二年春正月庚申，司空元法僧以本官領中軍將軍。 中書監、尚書令、中衛將軍、開府儀同三司袁昂進號中撫大將軍。 衛尉卿蕭昂爲中領軍。 乙酉，芮芮國遣使獻方物。
On gengshen day in the first month of spring, year 2, Minister of Works Yuan Faseng, retaining his existing office, additionally led the Central Army. Director of the Palace Library, Director of the Masters of Writing, Central Guard General, and Grand General with Staff Equal to the Three Dignities Yuan Ang was promoted to General Who Pacifies the Center. Minister of the Court of the Palace Guard Xiao Ang was made General Who Leads the Army. On yiyou day Ruru sent envoys with tribute.
68
二月甲午，老人星見。 是月，築寒山堰。
On jiawu day in the second month the Old Man star appeared. That month the Hanshan dam was built.
69
三月壬戌，以江州刺史南康王績爲安右將軍。
On renxu day in the third month Jiangzhou inspector Prince Ji of Nankang was made General Who Pacifies the Right.
70
夏四月辛丑，魏郢州刺史元願達以義陽內附，置北司州。 時魏大亂，其北海王元顥、臨淮王元彧、汝南王元悅並來奔； 其北青州刺史元世雋、南荊州刺史李志亦以地降。
On xinchou day in the fourth month of summer Wei's Yingzhou inspector Yuan Yuanda surrendered Yiyang to the court, and North Si province was established. At that time Wei was in great disorder; Prince Hao of Beihai, Prince Yu of Linhuai, and Prince Yue of Runan all fled to the court; and North Qingzhou inspector Yuan Shijun and South Jingzhou inspector Li Zhi also surrendered their territories.
71
六月丁亥，魏臨淮王元彧求還本國，許之。
On dinghai day in the sixth month Wei's Prince Yu of Linhuai asked to return home, and permission was granted.
72
冬十月丁亥，以魏北海王元顥爲魏主，遣東宮直閤將軍陳慶之衛送還北。 魏豫州刺史鄧獻以地內屬。
On dinghai day in the tenth month of winter Wei's Prince Hao of Beihai was made ruler of Wei, and Eastern Palace Direct Attendant General Chen Qingzhi was sent to guard and escort him back north. Wei's Yuzhou inspector Deng Xian surrendered his territory to the court.
73
中大通元年正月辛酉，輿駕親祠南郊，大赦天下，孝悌力田賜爵一級。 甲子，魏汝南王元悅求還本國，許之。 辛巳，輿駕親祠明堂。
On xinyou day in the first month of Zhongda Tong 1 the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburbs in person, proclaimed a general amnesty, and granted one rank of nobility to filial sons and diligent farmers. On jiazi day Wei's Prince Yue of Runan asked to return home, and permission was granted. On xinsi day the emperor sacrificed at the Hall of Enlightenment in person.
74
二月甲申，以丹陽尹武陵王紀爲江州刺史。 辛丑，芮芮國遣使獻方物。
On jiashen day in the second month Danyang prefect Prince Ji of Wuling was made Jiangzhou inspector. On xinchou day Ruru sent envoys with tribute.
75
三月丙辰，以河南王阿羅真爲寧西將軍、西秦、河沙三州刺史。 庚辰，以中護軍蕭淵藻爲中權將軍。
On bingchen day in the third month Henan Prince Aluozhen was made General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of West Qin, He, and Sha provinces. On gengchen day Central Army Protector Xiao Yuanzao was made Central Military General.
76
夏四月癸未，以安右將軍南康王績爲護軍將軍。 癸巳，陳慶之攻魏梁城，拔之，進屠考城，擒魏濟陰王元暉業。
On guiwei day in the fourth month of summer General Who Pacifies the Right Prince Ji of Nankang was made Protector General. On guisi day Chen Qingzhi attacked Wei's Liang city and took it, then advanced to storm Kaocheng and captured Wei Prince Yuan Huiye of Jiyin.
77
五月戊辰，剋大梁。 癸酉，剋虎牢城。 魏主元子攸棄洛陽，走河北。 乙亥，元顥入洛陽。
On wuchen day in the fifth month Daliang was taken. On guiyou day Hulao city was taken. Wei's ruler Yuan Ziyou abandoned Luoyang and fled north to Hebei. On yihai day Yuan Hao entered Luoyang.
78
六月壬午，大赦天下。 辛亥，魏淮陰太守晉鴻以湖陽城內屬。
On renwu day in the sixth month a general amnesty was proclaimed. On xinhai day Wei's Huaiyin administrator Jin Hong surrendered Huyang city to the court.
79
閏月己未，安右將軍、護軍南康王績薨。 己卯，魏尒朱榮攻殺元顥，復據洛陽。
On jiwei day in the intercalary month General of the Right for Administration, army protector, Prince Ji of Nankang died. On jimao day Wei's Erzhu Rong attacked and killed Yuan Hao and reoccupied Luoyang.
80
秋九月辛巳，朱雀航華表災。 以安北將軍羊侃爲青、冀二州刺史。 癸巳，輿駕幸同泰寺，設四部無遮大會，因捨身，公卿以下，以錢一億萬奉贖。
On xinsi day in the ninth month of autumn the ornamental pillar at Zhuque Bridge burned. General Who Pacifies the North Yang Kan was made inspector of Qing and Ji provinces. On guisi day the emperor went to Tongtai Temple, opened a four-section unrestricted great assembly, and offered his body in renunciation; from dukes and ministers downward all contributed one hundred million in coin to ransom him.
81
冬十月己酉，輿駕還宮，大赦，改元。
On jiyou day in the tenth month of winter the emperor returned to the palace, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the reign era.
82
十一月丙戌，加中撫大將軍、開府儀同三司袁昂中書監。 加鎮衛大將軍、開府儀同三司南平王偉太子少傅。 加金紫光祿大夫蕭琛、陸杲並特進。 司空、中軍將軍元法僧進號車騎將軍。 中權將軍蕭淵藻爲中護軍將軍。 中領軍蕭昂爲領軍將軍。 戊子，魏巴州刺史嚴始欣以城降。
On bingxu day in the eleventh month Grand General Who Pacifies the Center Yuan Ang, Grand General with Staff Equal to the Three Dignities, was additionally made Director of the Palace Secretariat. Grand General Who Guards the Capital Prince Wei of Nanping, Grand General with Staff Equal to the Three Dignities, was additionally made Junior Tutor of the Crown Prince. Xiao Chen and Lu Gao, Grandees of Golden Seal and Purple Sash, were both promoted to Special Advancement. Minister of Works and Central Army General Yuan Faseng was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry. General of the Interior Guard Xiao Yuanzao was made General of the Central Guard. Central army commander Xiao Ang was made army commander. On wuzi day Wei's Bazhou inspector Yan Shixin surrendered his city.
83
十二月丁巳，盤盤國遣使獻方物。
On dingsi day in the twelfth month Panpan sent envoys with tribute.
84
二年春正月戊寅，以雍州刺史晉安王綱爲驃騎大將軍、揚州刺史，南徐州刺史廬陵王續爲平北將軍、雍州刺史。 癸未，老人星見。 夏四月庚申，大雨雹。 壬申，以河南王佛輔爲寧西將軍、西秦、河二州刺史。
On wuyin day in the first month of spring, year 2, Yongzhou inspector Prince Gang of Jin'an was made Grand General of Agile Cavalry and Yangzhou inspector, and South Xuzhou inspector Prince Xu of Luling was made General Who Pacifies the North and Yongzhou inspector. On guiwei day the Old Man star appeared. On gengshen day in the fourth month of summer heavy hail fell. On renshen day King of Henan Fofu was made General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of West Qin and He provinces.
85
六月丁巳，遣魏太保汝南王元悅還北爲魏主。 庚申，以魏尚書左僕射范遵爲安北將軍、司州牧，隨元悅北討。 林邑國遣使獻方物。 壬申，扶南國遣使獻方物。
On dingsi day in the sixth month Wei's Grand Tutor Prince Yue of Runan was sent back north to reign over Wei. On gengshen day Wei's Left Vice Director Fan Zun was made General Who Pacifies the North and governor of Si province and marched north with Yuan Yue. Linyi sent envoys with tribute. On renshen day Funan sent envoys with tribute.
86
秋八月庚戌，輿駕幸德陽堂，設絲竹會，祖送魏主元悅。 山賊聚結，寇會稽郡所部縣。
On gengxu day in the eighth month of autumn the emperor went to Deyang Hall, held a music assembly, and gave a farewell banquet for Wei's ruler Yuan Yue. Mountain bandits gathered and raided the counties under Kuaiji commandery.
87
九月壬午，假超武將軍湛海珍節以討之。
On renwu day in the ninth month acting Superlative Martial General Zhan Haizhen was given command authority to suppress them.
88
三年春正月辛巳，輿駕親祠南郊，大赦天下，孝悌力田賜爵一級。 丙申，以魏尚書僕射鄭先護爲征北大將軍。
On xinsi day in the first month of spring, year 3, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburbs in person, proclaimed a general amnesty, and granted one rank of nobility to filial sons, obedient brothers, and diligent farmers. On bingshen day Wei's Vice Director Zheng Xianhu was made Grand General Who Conquers the North.
89
二月辛丑，輿駕親祠明堂。 甲寅，老人星見。 乙卯，特進蕭琛卒。 乙丑，以廣州刺史元景隆爲安右將軍。
On xinchou day in the second month the emperor sacrificed at the Hall of Enlightenment in person. On jiayin day the Old Man star appeared. On yimao day Special Advancement Xiao Chen died. On yichou day Guangzhou inspector Yuan Jinglong was made General of the Right for Administration.
90
夏四月乙巳，皇太子統薨。
On yisi day in the fourth month of summer Crown Prince Tong died.
91
六月丁未，以前太子詹事蕭淵猷爲中護軍。 尚書僕射徐勉加特進、右光祿大夫。 丹丹國遣使獻方物。 癸丑，立昭明太子子南徐州刺史華容公歡爲豫章郡王，枝江公譽爲河東郡王，曲阿公察爲岳陽郡王。
On dingwei day in the sixth month former Crown Prince Mentor Xiao Yuanyou was made General of the Central Guard. Vice Director Xu Mian was additionally made Special Advancement and Right Grand Master for Golden Seal. Dandan sent envoys with tribute. On guichou day Crown Prince Zhaoming's son Huan, Duke of Huarong and South Xuzhou inspector, was made Prince of Yuzhang commandery; Yu, Duke of Zhijiang, was made Prince of Hedong commandery; and Cha, Duke of Qu'e, was made Prince of Yueyang commandery.
92
秋七月乙亥，立晉安王綱爲皇太子。 大赦天下，賜爲父後者及出處忠孝文武清勤，並賜爵一級。 乙酉，以侍中、五兵尚書謝舉爲吏部尚書。 庚寅，詔曰：「推恩六親，義彰九族，班以侯爵，亦曰惟允。 凡是宗戚有服屬者，並可賜沐食鄉亭侯，各隨遠近以爲差次。 其有昵親，自依舊章。」 壬辰，以吏部尚書何敬容爲尚書右僕射。 癸巳，老人星見。
On yihai day in the seventh month of autumn Prince Gang of Jin'an was made Crown Prince. A general amnesty was proclaimed; heirs who succeeded their fathers and those who had served with loyalty, filial piety, martial and civil merit, integrity, and diligence all received one rank of nobility. On yiyou day Palace Attendant and Minister of the Five Armies Xie Ju was made Minister of Personnel. On gengyin day an edict said, "To extend grace to the six relations, make righteousness shine among the nine kin-groups, and bestow marquisates in rank is only fitting. All clansmen within the prescribed degrees of mourning may receive fief-income as Marquis of the Village and Pavilion, graded by nearness or distance. For close intimates, the old regulations still apply." On renchen day Minister of Personnel He Jingrong was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On guisi day the Old Man star appeared.
93
九月庚午，以太子詹事蕭淵藻爲征北將軍、南兗州刺史。 戊寅，狼牙脩國奉表獻方物。
On gengwu day in the ninth month Crown Prince Mentor Xiao Yuanzao was made General Who Conquers the North and South Yanzhou inspector. On wuyin day Langyaxiu submitted a memorial with tribute.
94
冬十月己酉，行幸同泰寺，高祖升法座，爲四部衆說《大般若涅盤經》義，迄于乙卯。 前樂山縣侯蕭正則有罪流徙，至是招誘亡命，欲寇廣州，在所討平之。
On jiyou day in the tenth month of winter the court went to Tongtai Temple; Gaozu took the dharma seat and expounded the Mahaparinirvana Sutra for the four assemblies, continuing until yimao day. Former Marquis of Leshan county Xiao Zhengze, exiled for crime, now gathered fugitives and sought to raid Guangzhou; local forces crushed and pacified him.
95
十一月乙未，行幸同泰寺，高祖升法座，爲四部從說《摩訶般若波羅蜜經》義，訖于十二月辛丑。
On yiwei day in the eleventh month the court went to Tongtai Temple; Gaozu took the dharma seat and continued expounding the Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra until xinchou day in the twelfth month.
96
是歲，吳興郡生野穀，堪食。
That year Wuxing commandery produced wild grain fit for food.
97
四年春正月丙寅朔，以鎮衛大將軍、開府儀同三司南平王偉進位大司馬，司空元法僧進太尉，尚書令、中權大將軍、開府儀同三司袁昂進位司空。 立臨川靖惠王宏子正德爲臨賀郡王。 戊辰，以丹陽尹卲陵王綸爲揚州刺史。 太子右衛率薛法護爲平北將軍、司州牧，衛送元悅入洛。 庚午，立嫡皇孫大器爲宣城郡王。 癸未，魏南兗州刺史劉世明以城降，改魏南兗州爲譙州，以世明爲刺史。
On bingyin, the new moon of the first month of spring, year 4, Prince Wei of Nanping was promoted to Grand Marshal; Yuan Faseng from Minister of Works to Grand Preceptor; and Yuan Ang, Director of the Masters of Writing and General of the Interior Guard, to Minister of Works. Zhengde, son of Prince Hong of Linchuan Jinghui, was made Prince of Linhe commandery. On wuchen day Danyang prefect Prince Lun of Shaoling was made Yangzhou inspector. Crown Prince Right Guard Leader Xue Fahu was made General Who Pacifies the North and governor of Si province to guard and escort Yuan Yue into Luoyang. On gengwu day legitimate imperial grandson Daqi was made Prince of Xuancheng commandery. On guiwei day Wei's South Yanzhou inspector Liu Shiming surrendered his city; South Yanzhou was renamed Qiao province and Shiming was made its inspector.
98
二月壬寅，老人星見。 新除太尉元法僧還北，爲東魏主。 以安右將軍元景隆爲征北將軍、徐州刺史，雲麾將軍羊侃爲安北將軍、兗州刺史，散騎常侍元樹爲鎮北將軍。 庚戌，新除揚州刺史卲陵王綸有罪，免爲庶人。 壬子，以江州刺史武陵王紀爲揚州刺史，領軍將軍蕭昂爲江州刺史。 丙辰，卲陵縣獲白鹿一。
On renyin day in the second month the Old Man star appeared. Newly appointed Grand Preceptor Yuan Faseng returned north to reign as ruler of Eastern Wei. General of the Right for Administration Yuan Jinglong was made General Who Conquers the North and Xuzhou inspector; Cloud Banner General Yang Kan was made General Who Pacifies the North and Yanzhou inspector; and Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary Yuan Shu was made General Who Guards the North. On gengxu day newly appointed Yangzhou inspector Prince Lun of Shaoling was found guilty and reduced to commoner status. On renzi day Jiangzhou inspector Prince Ji of Wuling was made Yangzhou inspector, and army commander Xiao Ang was made Jiangzhou inspector. On bingchen day Shaoling county captured a white deer.
99
三月庚午，侍中、領國子博士蕭子顯上表置制旨《孝經》助教一人，生十人，專通高祖所釋《孝經義》。
On gengwu day in the third month Palace Attendant and Director of the Imperial Academy Xiao Zixian memorialized to appoint one assistant instructor for the imperial Filial Piety Classic, with ten students devoted to Gaozu's exposition of its meanings.
100
夏四月壬申，盤盤國遣使獻方物。
On renshen day in the fourth month of summer Panpan sent envoys with tribute.
101
秋七月甲辰，星隕如雨。
On jiachen day in the seventh month of autumn stars fell like rain.
102
八月丙子，特進陸杲卒。
On bingzi day in the eighth month Special Advancement Lu Gao died.
103
九月乙巳，以太子詹事南平王世子恪爲領軍將軍，平北將軍、雍州刺史廬陵王續爲安北將軍，西中郎將、荊州刺史湘東王繹爲平西將軍，司空袁昂領尚書令。
On yisi day in the ninth month Crown Prince Mentor Ke, heir of Prince of Nanping, was made army commander; General Who Pacifies the North Prince Xu of Luling, Yongzhou inspector, was made General Who Pacifies the North; Western Central Commander Prince Yi of Xiangdong, Jingzhou inspector, was made General Who Pacifies the West; and Minister of Works Yuan Ang additionally held the directorship of the Masters of Writing.
104
十一月己酉，高麗國遣使獻方物。
On jiyou day in the eleventh month Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
105
十二月庚辰，以太尉元法僧爲驃騎大將軍、開府同三司之儀、郢州刺史。
On gengchen day in the twelfth month Grand Preceptor Yuan Faseng was made Grand General of Agile Cavalry with staff equal to the Three Dignities and Yingzhou inspector.
106
五年春正月辛卯，輿駕親祠南郊，大赦天下，孝悌力田賜爵一級。 先是一日丙夜，南郊令解滌之等到郊所履行，忽聞空中有異香三隨風至，及將行事，奏樂迎神畢，有神光滿壇上，硃紫黃白雜色，食頃方滅。 兼太宰武陵王紀等以聞。 戊申，京師地震。 己酉。 長星見。 辛亥，輿駕親祠明堂。 癸丑，以宣城王大器爲中軍將軍。 河南國遣使獻方物。
On xinmao day in the first month of spring, year 5, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburbs in person, proclaimed a general amnesty, and granted one rank of nobility to filial sons, obedient brothers, and diligent farmers. On the eve before, at the third watch of bing night, Director of the Southern Suburbs Xie Dizhi and others inspected the ritual ground and suddenly smelled strange fragrance three times on the wind; when the rites were about to begin and the music welcoming the spirits had ended, divine light filled the altar in red, purple, yellow, and white, lingering for the time of a meal before fading. Concurrent Grand Preceptor Prince Ji of Wuling and others reported the omen. On wushen day the capital was shaken by an earthquake. On jiyou day, a broom star was seen. On xinhai day the emperor sacrificed at the Hall of Enlightenment in person. On guichou day Prince Daqi of Xuancheng was made Central Army General. Henan sent envoys with tribute.
107
二月癸未，行幸同泰寺，設四部大會，高祖升法座，發《金字摩訶波若經》題，訖于己丑。 老人星見。
On guiwei day in the second month the court went to Tongtai Temple and held a four-section great assembly; Gaozu took the dharma seat and opened the Gold-letter Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra, continuing until jichou day. The Old Man star was seen.
108
三月丙辰，大司馬南平王偉薨。
On bingchen day in the third month Grand Marshal Prince Wei of Nanping died.
109
夏四月癸酉，以御史中丞臧盾兼領軍。
On guiyou day in the fourth month of summer Censor-in-Chief Zang Dun was made concurrent army commander.
110
五月戊子，京邑大水，御道通船。
On wuzi day in the fifth month the capital flooded and boats could pass along the imperial thoroughfare.
111
六月己卯，魏建義城主蘭寶殺魏東徐州刺史，以下邳城降。
On jimao day in the sixth month Wei Jianyi city chief Lan Bao killed Wei's East Xuzhou inspector and surrendered Xiapi city.
112
秋七月辛卯，改下邳爲武州。
On xinmao day in the seventh month of autumn Xiapi was renamed Wuzhou.
113
八月庚申，以前徐州刺史元景隆爲安右將軍。 老人星見。 甲子，波斯國遣使獻方物。 甲申，中護軍蕭淵猷卒。
On gengshen day in the eighth month former Xuzhou inspector Yuan Jinglong was made General of the Right for Administration. The Old Man star was seen. On jiazi day Persia sent envoys with tribute. On jiashen day General of the Central Guard Xiao Yuanyou died.
114
九月己亥，以輕車將軍、臨賀王正德爲中護軍。 甲寅，以尚書令、司空袁昂爲特進、左光祿大夫，司空如故。 盤盤國遣使獻方物。
On jihai day in the ninth month Light Chariot General Prince Zhengde of Linhe was made General of the Central Guard. On jiayin day Director of the Masters of Writing and Minister of Works Yuan Ang was made Special Advancement and Left Grand Master for Golden Seal, retaining the Ministry of Works. Panpan sent envoys with tribute.
115
冬十月庚申，以尚書右僕射何敬容爲尚書左僕射，吏部尚書謝舉爲尚書右僕射，侍中、國子祭酒蕭子顯爲吏部尚書。
On gengshen day in the tenth month of winter Right Vice Director He Jingrong was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; Minister of Personnel Xie Ju was made Right Vice Director; and Palace Attendant and Director of the Imperial Academy Xiao Zixian was made Minister of Personnel.
116
六年春二月癸亥，輿駕親耕籍田，大赦天下，孝悌力田賜爵一級。
On guihai day in the second month of spring, year 6, the emperor plowed the sacred field in person, proclaimed a general amnesty, and granted one rank of nobility to filial sons, obedient brothers, and diligent farmers.
117
三月己亥，以行河南王可遝振爲西秦、河二州刺史、河南王。 甲辰，百濟國遣使獻方物。
On jihai day in the third month Acting King of Henan Kedazhen was made inspector of West Qin and He provinces and King of Henan. On jiachen day Baekje sent envoys with tribute.
118
夏四月丁卯，熒惑在南斗。
On dingmao day in the fourth month of summer Mars stood in the Southern Dipper.
119
秋七月甲辰，林邑國遣使獻方物。
On jiachen day in the seventh month of autumn Linyi sent envoys with tribute.
120
八月己未，以南梁州刺史武興王楊紹先爲秦、南秦二州刺史。
On jiwei day in the eighth month, Prince of Wuxing Yang Shaoxian, inspector of Southern Liangzhou, was made inspector of Qin and Southern Qin.
121
冬十月丁卯，以信武將軍元慶和爲鎮北將軍，率衆北伐。
On dingmao day in the tenth month of winter, Trustworthy Martial General Yuan Qinghe became General Who Pacifies the North and marched north at the head of the army.
122
閏十二月丙午，西南有雷聲二。
On bingwu day in the intercalary twelfth month, thunder rolled twice from the southwest.
123
大同元年春正月戊申朔，改元，大赦天下。
On the wushen new moon of the first month in Datong 1, the era name was changed and the empire received a general amnesty.
124
二月己卯，老人星見。 辛巳，輿駕親祠明堂。 丁亥，輿駕躬耕籍田。 辛丑，高麗國、丹丹國各遣使獻方物。
On jimao day in the second month, the Old Man star appeared. On xinsi day the emperor sacrificed at the Bright Hall in person. On dinghai day the emperor plowed the sacred field in person. On xinchou day Goguryeo and Dandan each sent envoys with tribute.
125
三月辛未，滑國王安樂薩丹王遣使獻方物。
On xinwei day in the third month, King Andle Sadan of Huole sent envoys with tribute.
126
夏四月庚子，波斯國獻方物。 甲辰，以魏鎮東將軍劉濟爲徐州刺史。 壬戌，以安北將軍廬陵王續爲安南將軍、江州刺史。
On gengzi day in the fourth month of summer, Persia sent tribute. On jiachen day Wei General Who Guards the East Liu Ji was made inspector of Xuzhou. On renxu day General Who Pacifies the North, Prince of Luling Xu, became General Who Pacifies the South and inspector of Jiangzhou.
127
秋七月乙卯，老人星見。 辛卯，扶南國遣使獻方物。
On yimao day in the seventh month of autumn, the Old Man star appeared. On xinmao day Funan sent envoys with tribute.
128
冬十月辛卯，以前南兗州刺史蕭淵藻爲護軍將軍。
On xinmao day in the tenth month of winter, former South Yanzhou inspector Xiao Yuanzao was made Guard Army General.
129
十一月丁未，中衛將軍、特進、右光祿大夫徐勉卒。 壬戌，北梁州刺史蘭欽攻漢中，剋之，魏梁州刺史元羅降。 癸亥，賜梁州歸附者復除有差。 甲子，雄勇將軍、北益州刺史陰平王楊法深進號平北將軍。 月行左角星。
On dingwei day in the eleventh month, Central Guard General Xu Mian, Special Advancement and Right Grand Master of Brilliant Happiness, died. On renxu day Northern Liangzhou inspector Lan Qin attacked Hanzhong, captured it, and Wei Liangzhou inspector Yuan Luo surrendered. On guihai day those who came over in Liang province received graded tax exemptions. On jiazi day Valiant General Yang Fashen, Prince of Yinping and inspector of Northern Yizhou, was promoted to General Who Pacifies the North. The moon crossed the Left Horn star.
130
十二月乙酉，以魏北徐州刺史羊徽逸爲平北將軍。 戊戌，以平西將軍、秦、南秦二州刺史武興王楊紹先進號車騎將軍、平北將軍、北益州刺史陰平王楊法深進號驃騎將軍。 辛丑，平西將軍、荊州刺史湘東王繹進號安西將軍。
On yiyou day in the twelfth month, Wei Northern Xuzhou inspector Yang Huiyi was made General Who Pacifies the North. On wuxu day General Who Pacifies the West Yang Shaoxian, Prince of Wuxing and inspector of Qin and Southern Qin, was promoted to Chariots and Cavalry General, and General Who Pacifies the North Yang Fashen, Prince of Yinping and inspector of Northern Yizhou, was promoted to Flying Cavalry General. On xinchou day General Who Pacifies the West, Prince Yi of Xiangdong, inspector of Jingzhou, was promoted to General Who Secures the West.
131
二年春正月甲辰，以兼領軍臧盾爲中領軍。
On jiachen day in the first month of spring, year 2, acting Colonel Director of Retainers Zang Dun was confirmed as Colonel Director of Retainers.
132
二月乙亥，輿駕躬耕籍田。 丙戌，老人星見。
On yihai day in the second month the emperor plowed the sacred field in person. On bingxu day the Old Man star appeared.
133
三月庚申，詔曰：「政在養民，德存被物，上令如風，民應如草。 朕以寡德，運屬時來，撥亂反正，倏焉三紀。 不能使重門不閉，守在海外，疆埸多阻，車書未一。 民疲轉輸，士勞邊防。 徹田爲糧，未得頓止。 治道不明，政用多僻，百辟無沃心之言，四聰闕飛耳之聽，州輟刺舉，郡忘共治。 致使失理負謗，無由聞達。 侮文弄法，因事生姦，肺石空陳，懸鐘徒設。 《書》不云乎：『股肱惟人，良臣惟聖。』 實賴賢佐，匡其不及。 凡厥在朝，各獻讜言，政治不便於民者，可悉陳之。 若在四遠，刺史二千石長吏，並以奏聞。 細民有言事者，咸爲申達。 朕將親覽，以紓其過。 文武在位，舉爾所知，公侯將相，隨才擢用，拾遺補闕，勿有所隱。」
On gengshen day in the third month an edict declared: "To govern is to nourish the people; virtue spreads over all things; the command from above is wind, and the people bend like grass. My virtue is slight; fortune came when the hour demanded it; I set chaos right—and in a breath three decades are gone. I have not brought the realm to the age when gates need never shut and guards need not stand beyond the seas; frontiers still divide us, and chariots and script are not yet one. The people are worn down by transport, and soldiers labor on the borders. Fields are emptied for grain, and the burden will not stop. The path of rule is dim and policy often turns crooked; the hundred ministers give no counsel that nourishes the heart, the four listeners hear with no flying ear; provinces stop their inspections, and commanderies forget to govern together. Wrong and blame pile up with no way to reach me. Men mock the written law and twist it to their ends; the petition stone stands bare, the complaint bell rings to no one. Does not the Book say, "The arms and legs are men; worthy ministers make the sage"? I truly depend on worthy assistants to mend what I lack. All who stand in court, each speak your loyal mind; every policy that harms the people, lay it out in full. If you are far off, inspectors and commandery chiefs of two-thousand-bushel rank shall all report upward. If common people have words to speak, transmit them all. I will read them myself and ease what is wrong. Civil and military officers in post, recommend those you know; dukes, marquises, generals, and ministers, appoint by talent; fill what is missing and mend what is broken; conceal nothing."
134
夏四月乙未，以驃騎大將軍、開府同三司之儀元法僧爲太尉，領軍師將軍。 先是，尚書右丞江子四上封事，極言政治得失。 五月癸卯，詔曰：「古人有言，屋漏在上，知之在下。 朕所鐘過，不能自覺。 江子四等封事如上，尚書可時加檢括，於民有蠹患者，便卽勒停，宜速詳啓，勿致淹緩。」 乙巳，以魏前梁州刺史元羅爲征北大將軍、青、冀二州刺史。
On yimao day in the fourth month of summer, Flying Cavalry Grand General Yuan Faseng, with an open office and third-rank ceremonial parity, was made Grand Commandant and Grand Army General. Earlier, Right Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing Jiang Zisi submitted a sealed memorial that laid out the gains and losses of government in full. On guimao day in the fifth month an edict said, "The ancients said that when the roof leaks above, the knowledge is below. The faults I have piled up, I cannot see for myself. The sealed memorial of Jiang Zisi and the others, as above, is to be examined at once by the Masters of Writing; whatever harms the people is to be stopped immediately and reported in detail without delay." On yisi day former Wei Liangzhou inspector Yuan Luo was made General Who Conquers the North and inspector of Qing and Ji.
135
六月丁亥，詔曰：「南郊、明堂、陵廟等令，與朝請同班，於事爲輕，可改視散騎侍郎。」
On dinghai day in the sixth month an edict said, "The directors of the Southern Suburb, Bright Hall, tombs, and temples share rank with Gentlemen-Attendance, which is too slight for their charge; they may be treated as Regular Attendant Cavalier."
136
冬十月乙亥，詔大舉北伐。
On yihai day in the tenth month of winter an edict ordered a great northern campaign.
137
十一月己亥，詔北伐衆班師。 辛亥，京師地震。
On jihai day in the eleventh month an edict ordered the northern expedition force to return. On xinhai day the capital shook with an earthquake.
138
十二月壬申，魏請通和，詔許之。 丁酉，以吳興太守、駙馬都尉、利亭侯張纘爲吏部尚書。
On renshen day in the twelfth month Wei asked for peace, and an edict granted it. On dingyou day Zhang Zuan, governor of Wu Xing, Commandant of Cavalry Escort, and Marquis of Liting, was made Minister of Personnel.
139
三年春正月辛丑，輿駕親祠南郊，大赦天下； 孝悌力田賜爵一級。 是夜，朱雀門災。 壬寅，天無雲，雨灰，黃色。 癸卯，以中書令卲陵王綸爲江州刺史。
On xinchou day in the first month of spring, year 3, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person and proclaimed a general amnesty; filial and diligent farmers received one rank of nobility. That night the Vermilion Bird Gate was destroyed by fire. On renyin day the sky was clear, yet yellow ash fell like rain. On guimao day Secretariat Director Prince of Shaoling Lun was made inspector of Jiangzhou.
140
二月乙酉，老人星見。 丁亥，輿駕親耕籍田。 己丑，以尚書左僕射何敬容爲中權將軍，護軍將軍蕭淵藻爲安右將軍、尚書左僕射。 以尚書右僕射謝舉爲右光祿大夫。 庚寅，以安南將軍廬陵王續爲中衛將軍、護軍將軍。
On yiyou day in the second month the Old Man star appeared. On dinghai day the emperor plowed the sacred field in person. On jichou day Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing He Jingrong was made Central Authority General, and Guard Army General Xiao Yuanzao was made Right Pacification General and Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Xie Ju was made Right Grand Master of Brilliant Happiness. On gengyin day General Who Pacifies the South, Prince of Luling Xu, was made Central Guard General and Guard Army General.
141
三月戊戌，立昭明太子子𧫷爲武昌郡王，譼爲義陽郡王。
On wuxu day in the third month Crown Prince Zhaoming's son Zi was enfeoffed as Prince of Wuchang, and Tan as Prince of Yiyang.
142
夏四月丁卯，以南琅邪、彭城二郡太守河東王譽爲南徐州刺史。
On dingmao day in the fourth month of summer Prince of Hedong Yu, governor of Southern Langye and Pengcheng, was made inspector of South Xuzhou.
143
五月丙申，以前揚州刺史武陵王紀復爲揚州刺史。
On bingshen day in the fifth month former Yangzhou inspector Prince of Wuling Ji was restored to Yangzhou.
144
六月，青州朐山境隕霜。
In the sixth month frost fell in the Qushan region of Qing province.
145
秋七月癸卯，魏遣使來聘。 己酉，義陽王譼薨。 是月，青州雪，害苗稼。
On guimao day in the seventh month of autumn Wei sent envoys on a friendly visit. On jiyou day Prince of Yiyang Tan died. That month Qing province saw snow that damaged the grain.
146
八月甲申，老人星見。 辛卯，輿駕幸阿育王寺，赦天下。
On jiashen day in the eighth month the Old Man star appeared. On xinmao day the emperor visited King Asoka Temple and proclaimed amnesty for the empire.
147
九月，南兗州大饑。 是月，北徐州境內旅生稻稗二千許頃。
In the ninth month South Yanzhou fell into severe famine. That month wild rice and barnyard grass sprang up across some two thousand qing in Northern Xuzhou.
148
閏月甲子，安西將軍、荊州刺史湘東王繹進號鎮西將軍，揚州刺史武陵王紀爲安西將軍、益州刺史。
On jiazi day in the intercalary month General Who Secures the West, Prince Yi of Xiangdong, inspector of Jingzhou, was promoted to General Who Guards the West, and Yangzhou inspector Prince of Wuling Ji was made General Who Secures the West and inspector of Yizhou.
149
冬十月丙辰，京師地震。
On bingchen day in the tenth month of winter the capital shook with an earthquake.
150
是歲，饑。
That year the land knew famine.
151
四年春正月庚辰，以中軍將軍宣城王大器爲中軍大將軍、揚州刺史。
On gengchen day in the first month of spring, year 4, Central Army General Prince of Xuancheng Daqi was made Central Army Grand General and inspector of Yangzhou.
152
二月己亥，輿駕親耕籍田。
On jihai day in the second month the emperor plowed the sacred field in person.
153
三月戊寅，河南國遣使獻方物。 癸未，芮芮國遣使獻方物。
On wuyin day in the third month the Henan kingdom sent envoys with tribute. On guiwei day Rouran sent envoys with tribute.
154
五月甲戌，魏遣使來聘。
On jiaxu day in the fifth month Wei sent envoys on a friendly visit.
155
秋七月己未，以南琅邪、彭城二郡太守岳陽王詧爲東揚州刺史。 癸亥，詔以東冶徒李胤之降如來真形舍利，大赦天下。
On jiwei day in the seventh month of autumn Prince of Yueyang Cha, governor of Southern Langye and Pengcheng, was made inspector of East Yangzhou. On guihai day an edict granted general amnesty because Li Yin, a convict of the Eastern Smelterworks, had surrendered a true-form relic of the Tathagata.
156
八月甲辰，詔「南兗、北徐、西徐、東徐、青、冀、南北青、武、仁、潼、睢等十二州，旣經饑饉，曲赦逋租宿責，勿收今年三調。」
On jiachen day in the eighth month an edict said, "The twelve provinces—South Yanzhou, North Xuzhou, West Xuzhou, East Xuzhou, Qing, Ji, North and South Qing, Wu, Ren, Tong, and Sui—having endured famine, are granted partial amnesty of overdue rents and old debts; this year's three levies are not to be collected."
157
冬十二月丁亥，兼國子助教皇侃表上所撰《禮記義疏》五十卷。
On dinghai day in the twelfth month of winter Adjunct National University Tutor Huang Kan submitted his fifty-volume Exegesis of the Record of Rites.
158
五年春正月乙卯，以護軍將軍廬陵王續爲驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司，安右將軍、尚書左僕射蕭淵藻爲中衛將軍、開府儀同三司。 中權將軍、丹陽尹何敬容以本號爲尚書令，吏部尚書張纘爲尚書僕射，都官尚書劉孺爲吏部尚書。 丁巳，御史中丞、參禮儀事賀琛奏：「今南北二郊及籍田往還並宜禦輦，不復乘輅。 二郊請用素輦，籍田往還乘常輦，皆以侍中陪乘，停大將軍及太僕。」 詔付尚書博議施行。 改素輦名大同輦。 昭祀宗廟乘玉輦。 辛未，輿駕親祠南郊，詔孝悌力田及州閭鄉党稱爲善人者，各賜爵一級，並勒屬所以時騰上。
On yimao day in the first month of spring, year 5, Guard Army General Prince of Luling Xu was made Flying Cavalry General with an open office and third-rank ceremonial parity, and Right Pacification General Xiao Yuanzao, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was made Central Guard General with an open office and third-rank ceremonial parity. Central Authority General He Jingrong, governor of Danyang, was made Director of the Masters of Writing under his former title; Minister of Personnel Zhang Zuan became Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; and Minister of Justice Liu Ru became Minister of Personnel. On dingsi day Censor-in-Chief He Chen, who shared charge of ritual affairs, memorialized, "For the southern and northern suburban rites and the going and coming of the sacred-field plowing, the imperial carriage should be used, and the ceremonial chariot should no longer be used. For both suburban rites use the plain carriage; for the sacred field use the regular carriage both ways; in both cases let an attendant-in-ordinary ride as companion; and suspend the grand general and grand marshal of stud posts." An edict sent the matter to the Masters of Writing for broad deliberation and implementation. The plain carriage was given the name Datong Carriage. For bright hall ancestral rites the jade carriage was to be used. On xinwei day the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person; an edict granted one rank of nobility to filial and diligent farmers and to those called good men in provinces, districts, and village groups, and ordered local offices to report them without delay.
159
三月己未，詔曰：「朕四聽旣闕，五識多蔽，畫可外牒，或致紕繆。 凡是政事不便於民者，州郡縣卽時皆言，勿得欺隱。 如使怨訟，當境任失。 而今而後，以爲永准。」
On jiwei day in the third month an edict said, "My four listeners are lacking and my five perceptions often clouded; approved memorials go out from court and mistakes may follow. Whatever policy harms the people, province, commandery, and county must speak at once; nothing may be hidden. If grievances arise, the officials of that region bear the fault. From this day forward, let this be the lasting rule."
160
秋七月己卯，以驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司廬陵王續爲荊州刺史，湘東王繹爲護軍將軍、安右將軍。
On jimao day in the seventh month of autumn Flying Cavalry General Prince of Luling Xu, with an open office and third-rank ceremonial parity, was made inspector of Jingzhou, and Prince Yi of Xiangdong was made Guard Army General and Right Pacification General.
161
八月乙酉，扶南國遣使獻生犀及方物。
On yiyou day in the eighth month Funan sent envoys with a live rhinoceros and other tribute.
162
九月庚申，以都官尚書到溉爲吏部尚書。
On gengshen day in the ninth month, Director of the Court of Judicature Dao Gai was made Minister of Personnel.
163
冬十一月乙亥，魏遣使來聘。
On yihai day in the eleventh month of winter, Wei sent envoys on a friendly visit.
164
十二月癸未，以吳郡太守謝舉爲中書監，新除中書令鄱陽王範爲中領軍。
On guiwei day in the twelfth month, Wu commandery grand administrator Xie Ju was made Supervisor of the Palace Secretariat, and the newly appointed Palace Secretariat Director Prince of Poyang Fan was made Central Guard General.
165
六年春正月庚戌朔，曲赦司、豫、徐、兗四州。
On the gengxu new moon of the first month in spring, year 6, Si, Yu, Xu, and Yan provinces received a partial amnesty.
166
二月己亥，輿駕親耕籍田。 丙午，以江州刺史卲陵王綸爲平西將軍、郢州刺史，雲麾將軍豫章王歡爲江州刺史。 秦郡獻白鹿一。
On jihai day in the second month the emperor plowed the sacred field in person. On bingwu day Prince of Shaoling Lun, inspector of Jiangzhou, became General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Yingzhou, and Cloud-Banner General Prince of Yuzhang Huan became inspector of Jiangzhou. Qin commandery presented a white deer.
167
夏四月癸未，詔曰：「命世興王，嗣賢傳業，聲稱不朽，人代徂遷，二賓以位，三恪義在，時事浸遠，宿草榛蕪，望古興懷，言念愴然。 晉、宋、齊三代諸陵，有職司者勤加守護，勿令細民妄相侵毀。 作兵有少，補使充足。 前無守視，並可量給。」
On guiwei day in the fourth month of summer an edict said, "Fated kings inherit the worthy and pass down their work; fame endures, yet generations turn. The two guest houses receive rank, the three respectful houses stand by obligation; as time recedes, old tombs grow over with weeds, and looking back at antiquity fills the heart with sorrow. The tombs of Jin, Song, and Qi—wherever officials are assigned, let them guard diligently and not allow common people to damage them at will. Where there are too few guard troops, send reinforcements to fill the ranks. Where there were no watchers before, allot them in due measure."
168
五月戊寅，以前青、冀二州刺史元羅爲右光祿大夫。 己卯，河南王遣使獻馬及方物。 六月丁未，平陽縣獻白鹿一。
On wuyin day in the fifth month, former Qing and Ji province inspector Yuan Luo was made Right Grand Master of Brilliant Happiness. On jimao day the King of Henan sent envoys with horses and local products. On dingwei day in the sixth month, Pingyang county presented a white deer.
169
秋七月丁亥，魏遣使來聘。
On dinghai day in the seventh month of autumn, Wei sent envoys on a friendly visit.
170
八月戊午，赦天下。 辛未，詔曰：「經國有體，必詢諸朝，所以尚書置令、僕、丞、郎，旦旦上朝，以議時事，前共籌懷，然後奏聞。 頃者不爾，每有疑事，倚立求決。 古人有云，主非堯舜，何得發言便是。 是故放勛之聖，猶咨四岳，重華之叡，亦待多士。 豈朕寡德，所能獨斷。 自今尚書中有疑事，前於朝堂參議，然後啓聞，不得習常。 其軍機要切，前須諮審，自依舊典。」 盤盤國遣使獻方物。
On wuwu day in the eighth month the empire received a general amnesty. On xinwei day an edict said, "Governing a state has its proper form, and one must consult the court; hence the Masters of Writing have director, vice-director, aide, and clerk, who attend court each morning to deliberate the day's affairs, consider them together, and then report upward. Lately this has not been so; whenever a doubtful matter arises, officials merely stand waiting for a decision. The ancients said that unless the ruler is Yao or Shun, how can every utterance be treated as infallible? Thus even the sage Emperor Yao consulted the Four Peaks, and the wise Emperor Shun relied on many advisors. How could someone of my limited virtue decide alone? From now on, whenever the Masters of Writing encounter doubtful matters, they must first deliberate in the court hall and then report upward—this must not become mere routine. Urgent military matters requiring prior consultation will follow established precedent." Panpan sent envoys with tribute.
171
九月，移安州置定遠郡，受北徐州都督，定遠郡改屬安州。 始平太守崔碩表獻嘉禾一莖十二穗。 戊戌，特進、左光祿大夫、司空袁昂薨。
In the ninth month An province was moved to Dingyuan commandery under Northern Xu province's supervision, and Dingyuan commandery was reassigned to An province. Shi commandery grand administrator Cui Shuo reported a stalk of auspicious grain with twelve ears. On wuxu day Special Advancement Yuan Ang, Left Grand Master of Brilliant Happiness and Minister of Works, died.
172
冬十一月己卯，曲赦京邑。
On jimao day in the eleventh month of winter the capital received a partial amnesty.
173
十二月壬子，江州刺史豫章王歡薨。 以護軍將軍湘東王繹爲鎮南將軍、江州刺史。 置桂州於湘州始安郡，受湘州督； 省南桂林等二十四郡，悉改屬桂州。
On renzi day in the twelfth month Prince of Yuzhang Huan, inspector of Jiangzhou, died. General Who Protects the Army Prince of Xiangdong Yi was made General Who Guards the South and inspector of Jiangzhou. Gui province was established at Shi'an in Xiang province under Xiang province's supervision; twenty-four southern Guilin commanderies were abolished and all reassigned to Gui province.
174
七年春正月辛巳，輿駕親祠南郊，赦天下，其有流移及失桑梓者，各還田宅，蠲課五年。 辛丑，輿駕親祠明堂。
On xinsi day in the first month of spring, year 7, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person, proclaimed a general amnesty, and allowed the displaced and those who had lost ancestral lands to return to their fields and homes with five years of tax remission. On xinchou day the emperor sacrificed at the Bright Hall in person.
175
二月乙巳，以行宕昌王梁彌泰爲平西將軍、河涼二州刺史、宕昌王。 辛亥，輿駕躬耕籍田。 乙卯，京師地震。 丁巳，以中領軍、鄱陽王範爲鎮北將軍、雍州刺史。
On yisi day in the second month Acting King of Dangchang Liang Mitai was made General Who Pacifies the West, inspector of He and Liang provinces, and King of Dangchang. On xinhai day the emperor plowed the sacred field in person. On yimao day the capital was shaken by an earthquake. On dingsi day Central Guard General Prince of Poyang Fan was made General Who Guards the North and inspector of Yong province.
176
三月乙亥，宕昌王遣使獻馬及方物。 高麗、百濟、滑國各遣使獻方物。
On yihai day in the third month the King of Dangchang sent envoys with horses and local products. Goguryeo, Baekje, and Huaguo each sent envoys with tribute.
177
夏四月戊申，魏遣使來聘。
On wushen day in the fourth month of summer, Wei sent envoys on a friendly visit.
178
五月癸己，以侍中南康王會理兼領軍。
On guisi day in the fifth month Palace Attendant Prince of Nankang Huili was made concurrent commander of the guard.
179
秋九月戊寅，芮芮國遣使獻方物。
On wuyin day in the ninth month of autumn Rouran sent envoys with tribute.
180
冬十月丙午，以侍中劉孺爲吏部尚書。
On bingwu day in the tenth month of winter Palace Attendant Liu Ru was made Minister of Personnel.
181
十一月丙子，詔停在所役使女丁。 丁丑，詔曰：「民之多幸，國之不幸，恩澤屢加，彌長姦盜，朕亦知此之爲病矣。 如不優赦，非仁人之心。 凡厥諐耗逋負，起今七年十一月九日昧爽以前，在民間無問多少，言上尚書，督所未入者，皆赦除之。」 又詔曰：「用天之道，分地之利，蓋先聖之格訓也。 凡是田桑廢宅沒入者，公創之外，悉以分給貧民，皆使量其所能以受田分。 如聞頃者，豪家富室，多占取公田，貴價僦稅，以與貧民，傷時害政，爲蠹已甚。 自今公田悉不得假與豪家； 已假者特聽不追。 其若富室給貧民種糧共營作者，不在禁例。」 己丑，以金紫光祿大夫臧盾爲領軍將軍。
On bingzi day in the eleventh month an edict halted the conscription of women for corvée labor wherever they were employed. On dingchou day an edict said, "When the people are too fortunate, the state suffers misfortune; repeated acts of grace only prolong theft and fraud—I know this is a sickness. Yet if I do not grant further amnesty, that is not the heart of a benevolent man. All unpaid taxes and deficits owed before dawn on the ninth day of the eleventh month of year 7—whatever amount among the people—when reported to the Masters of Writing, and whatever remains uncollected by the supervising offices, shall all be forgiven and remitted." Another edict said, "To use Heaven's way and divide Earth's benefit—this is the instruction of the ancient sages. All abandoned fields and homesteads seized by the state, beyond what the government itself develops, shall all be distributed to the poor, each receiving land in measure of his capacity. I have heard that lately powerful houses and wealthy families have widely seized public fields, renting them at high rates to the poor—a practice that harms the times and damages governance, a pestilence beyond measure. From now on public fields may in no case be leased to powerful families; those already leased are specially permitted not to be pursued for recovery. Where wealthy households supply seed and grain to share cultivation with the poor, that is not within the prohibition." On jichou day Grand Master for Golden Seal and Purple Sash Zang Dun was made Commander of the Guard.
182
十二月壬寅，詔曰：「古人云，一物失所，如納諸隍，未是切言也。 朕寒心消志，爲日久矣，每當食投箸，方眠徹枕，獨坐懷憂，憤慨申旦，非爲一人，萬姓故耳。 州牧多非良才，守宰虎而傅翼，楊阜是故憂憤，賈誼所以流涕。 至於民間誅求萬端，或供廚帳，或供廄庫，或遣使命，或待賓客，皆無自費，取給於民。 又復多遣遊軍，稱爲遏防，姦盜不止，暴掠繁多，或求供設，或責腳步。 又行劫縱，更相枉逼，良人命盡，富室財殫。 此爲怨酷，非止一事。 亦頻禁斷，猶自未已，外司明加聽采，隨事舉奏。 又復公私傳、屯、邸、冶，爰至僧尼，當其地界，止應依限守視； 乃至廣加封固，越界分斷水陸採捕及以樵蘇，遂致細民措手無所。 凡自今有越界禁斷者，禁斷之身，皆以軍法從事。 若是公家創內，止不得輒自立屯，與公競作以收私利。 至百姓樵采以供煙爨者，悉不得禁。 及以採捕，亦勿訶問。 若不遵承，皆以死罪結正。」 魏遣使來聘。 丙辰，於宮城西立士林館，延集學者。
On renyin day in the twelfth month an edict said, "The ancients said that to lose even one thing is like falling into a moat—hardly an exaggeration. I have long chilled my heart and emptied my resolve; at meals I set down my chopsticks, at sleep I rise from my pillow, sitting alone in worry, indignant until dawn—not for one man alone, but for the myriad people. Provincial governors are often not men of talent; local magistrates are tigers given wings—Yang Fu was thus aggrieved, Jia Yi thus moved to tears. Among the people exactions multiply endlessly: some supply kitchen expenses, some stable and treasury costs, some entertain envoys, some host guests—all without personal expense, drawing everything from the populace. Patrol forces are also widely dispatched under the pretext of blocking bandits, yet theft continues and violent plunder increases—demanding provisions, demanding porter fees. They also permit robbery among themselves, mutually extorting until common people's lives are exhausted and wealthy households ruined. This breeds resentment and cruelty—not in one matter alone. Though repeatedly forbidden, it persists; outer offices must investigate openly and report each case as it arises. Furthermore, private relay stations, military colonies, hostel inns, and ironworks—even monasteries and nunneries—within their boundaries should only guard according to limits; yet many overextend their enclosures, dividing waterways and land to block fishing and firewood gathering, leaving common people nowhere to turn. From now on, whoever oversteps boundaries in blocking access shall himself be punished by military law. On government-developed lands within the public domain, none may arbitrarily establish private colonies competing with the state for profit. Gathering firewood for cooking must not be forbidden. Fishing and hunting likewise must not be interrogated. Whoever does not comply shall be punished by death." Wei sent envoys on a friendly visit. On bingchen day the Scholar Grove Hall was established west of the palace to gather scholars.
183
是歲，交州土民李賁攻刺史蕭諮，諮輸賂，得還越州。
That year Jiao province native Li Bin attacked Inspector Xiao Zi; Zi paid bribes and fled back to Yue province.
184
八年春正月，安成郡民劉敬躬挾左道以反，內史蕭說委郡東奔，敬躬據郡，進攻廬陵，取豫章，妖黨遂至數萬，前逼新淦、柴桑。
In the first month of spring, year 8, Liu Jinggong of Ancheng commandery, wielding heterodox arts, rebelled; Administrator Xiao Shuo abandoned the commandery and fled east; Jinggong seized the commandery, attacked Luling, took Yuzhang, and his demonic faction swelled to tens of thousands, pressing toward Xingan and Chaisang.
185
二月戊戌，江州刺史湘東王繹遣中兵曹子郢討之。
On wuxu day in the second month Prince of Xiangdong Yi, inspector of Jiangzhou, sent Central Army Cao Ziye to suppress them.
186
三月戊辰，大破之，擒敬躬送京師，斬于建康市。 是月，于江州新蔡、高塘立頌平屯，墾作蠻田。 遣越州刺史陳侯、羅州刺史寧巨、安州刺史李智、愛州刺史阮漢，同征李賁於交州。
On wuchen day in the third month he thoroughly defeated them; Jinggong was captured and sent to the capital and beheaded at Jiankang market. That month Songping garrison was established at Xincai and Gaotang in Jiangzhou to reclaim barbarian lands. Yue province inspector Chen Hou, Luo province inspector Ning Ju, An province inspector Li Zhi, and Ai province inspector Ruan Han jointly marched against Li Bin in Jiao province.
187
九年春閏月丙申，地震，生毛。
On bingchen day in the intercalary first month of spring, year 9, an earthquake occurred and hair grew from the ground.
188
二月甲戌，使江州民三十家出奴婢一戶，配送司州。
On jiaxu day in the second month, thirty Jiangzhou households were required to furnish one slave household, sent to Si province.
189
三月，以太子詹事謝舉爲尚書僕射。
In the third month Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent Xie Ju was made Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
190
夏四月，林邑王破德州，攻李賁，賁將范脩又破林邑王於九德，林邑王敗走。
In the fourth month of summer the King of Linyi broke Dez prefecture and attacked Li Bin; Bin's general Fan Xiu then defeated the King of Linyi at Jiude, and the King of Linyi fled in defeat.
191
冬十一月辛丑，安西將軍、益州刺史武陵王紀進號征西將軍、開府儀同三司。
On xinchou day in the eleventh month of winter General Who Pacifies the West Prince of Wuling Ji, inspector of Yi province, was promoted to General Who Conquers the West with an open office and ceremonial parity of the Three Dignities.
192
十二月壬戌，領軍將軍臧盾卒； 以輕車將軍河東王譽爲領軍將軍。
On renxu day in the twelfth month Commander of the Guard Zang Dun died; Light Chariots General Prince of Hedong Yu was made Commander of the Guard.
193
十年春正月，李賁於交址竊位號，署置百官。
In the first month of spring, year 10, Li Bin usurped title and office in Jiaozhi, appointing officials.
194
三月甲午，輿駕幸蘭陵，謁建寧陵。 辛丑，至脩陵。
On jiawu day in the third month the emperor visited Lanling and paid respects at Jianning tomb. On xinchou day he reached Xiuling.
195
壬寅，詔曰：「朕自違桑梓，五十餘載，乃眷東顧，靡日不思。 今四方款關，海外有截，獄訟稍簡，國務小閑，始獲展敬園陵，但增感慟。 故鄉老少，接踵遠至，情貌孜孜，若歸于父，宜有以慰其此心。 並可錫位一階，並加頒賚。 所經縣邑，無出今年租賦。 監所責民，蠲復二年。 並普賚內外從官軍主左右錢米各有差。」 因作《還舊鄉》詩。
On renyin day an edict said, "I have been away from my homeland more than fifty years; ever turning my gaze eastward, not a day passes without longing. Now the four quarters come in submission, the outer seas are bounded, lawsuits grow simpler, and state affairs are somewhat at ease—only now have I been able to pay reverence at the imperial tombs, yet my grief only deepens. Elders of my old home arrived in succession from afar, their faces eager as if returning to a father; I should have means to comfort their hearts. All are granted one rank of nobility and additional gifts. The counties and districts passed through shall not levy this year's land tax. Those indebted for corvée labor at the supervisory offices shall be remitted for two years. All inner and outer attendants, army commanders, and personal attendants shall receive graded gifts of money and grain." Thereupon he composed the poem "Returning to the Old Homeland."
196
癸卯，詔園陵職司，恭事勤勞，並錫位一階，並加頒賚。 丁未，仁威將軍、南徐州刺史臨川王正義進號安東將軍。 己酉，幸京口城北固樓，改名北顧。 庚戌，幸回賓亭，宴帝鄉故老及所經近縣奉迎候者少長數千人，各賚錢二千。
On guimao day an edict said, "The officials of the imperial tombs, reverent in service and diligent in labor, are all granted one rank of nobility and additional gifts." On dingwei day Benevolent Might General Prince of Linchuan Zhengyi, inspector of South Xu province, was promoted to General Who Pacifies the East. On jiyou day he visited Beigu Tower north of Jingkou city and renamed it North Gazing. On gengxu day he visited Huibin Pavilion and feasted the elders of the imperial homeland and the welcoming crowds from nearby counties, young and old numbering several thousand; each received two thousand coins.
197
夏四月乙卯，輿駕至自蘭陵。 詔鰥寡孤獨尤貧者贍卹各有差。
On yimao day in the fourth month of summer, the emperor returned from Lanling. An edict ordered graded relief for widowers, widows, orphans, and the destitute alone.
198
五月丁酉，尚書令何敬容免。
On dingyou day in the fifth month, He Jingrong was removed as Director of the Masters of Writing.
199
秋九月己丑，詔曰：「今茲遠近，雨澤調適，其獲已及，冀必萬箱，宜使百姓因斯安樂。 凡天下罪無輕重，已發覺未發覺，討捕未擒者，皆赦宥之。 侵割耗散官物，無問多少，亦悉原除。 田者荒廢、水旱不作、無當時文列，應追稅者，並作田不登公格者，並停。 各備臺州以文最逋殿，罪悉從原。 其有因饑逐食，離鄉去土，悉聽復業，蠲課五年。」
On jichou day in the ninth month of autumn an edict said, "Near and far, rain has come in season, the harvest is home, and we look for full granaries—let the people rest in this good fortune. Every crime under Heaven, light or heavy, discovered or not, sought but not yet taken—all are pardoned. Embezzlement or waste of government property, in any amount, is likewise forgiven. Fallow fields, drought and flood losses, missing records, back taxes, and failed harvests by official measure—all collections stop. Arrears owed by ranked officials in every province and inspectorate are fully forgiven. Those who fled hunger and abandoned their land may all return to their trades, with five years' tax remission."
200
冬十二月，大雪，平地三尺。
In the twelfth month of winter snow piled three feet deep on level ground.
201
十一年春三月庚辰，詔曰：「皇王在昔，澤風未遠，故端居玄扈，拱默岩廊。 自大道旣淪，澆波斯逝，動競日滋，情偽彌作。 朕負扆君臨，百年將半。 宵漏未分，躬勞政事； 白日西浮，不遑飱飯。 退居猶於布素，含咀匪過藜藿。 寧以萬乘爲貴，四海爲富； 唯欲億兆康寧，下民安乂。 雖復三思行事，而百慮多失。 凡遠近分置、內外條流、四方所立屯、傳、邸、冶，市埭、桁渡，津稅、田園，新舊守宰，遊軍戍邏，有不便於民者，尚書州郡各速條上，當隨言除省，以舒民患。」
On gengchen day in the third month of the eleventh year an edict said, "In olden days, when royal virtue still ran deep, rulers could sit quietly in their inner halls and govern in silence from the cliff gallery. Since the Great Way fell, decay has rushed on; rivalry grows by the day, and false feeling ever more prevails. I have ruled with the screen at my back, and nearly half a century has gone by. Before the night watch ends I am already at work on affairs of state; when the sun sinks west I have not yet eaten. Even at rest I wear plain cloth and taste nothing finer than wild greens. I do not count the chariots of ten thousand as wealth, nor the four seas as riches; I wish only that the hundred millions know peace and the people below live in order. Though I think thrice before I act, a hundred plans still go wrong. Every distant post and inner rule, every garrison, relay station, lodge, smelter, market wharf, bridge toll, ferry tax, tax-exempt estate, old or new magistrate, patrol troop, and border garrison—where anything harms the people, the Masters of Writing and each province and commandery shall report it at once, and what is named shall be cut away to ease the people's pain."
202
夏四月，魏遣使來聘。
In the fourth month of summer Wei sent envoys on a friendly visit.
203
冬十月己未，詔曰：「堯、舜以來，便開贖刑，中年依古，許罪身入貲，吏下因此，不無姦猾，所以一日復勑禁斷。 川流難壅，人心惟危，旣乖內典慈悲之義，又傷外教好生之德。 《書》云：『與殺不辜，寧失不經。』 可復開罪身，皆聽入贖。」
On jiwei day in the tenth month of winter an edict said, "From Yao and Shun onward, bodily punishment could be redeemed; in middle antiquity the guilty paid goods to buy off penalty, and officials were not without fraud—so an order one day forbade it again. Rivers are hard to block, and the human heart is ever fragile—this offends the inner teaching of compassion and wounds the outer faith's virtue of cherishing life. The Book of Documents says, "Better to err than to punish the innocent," Commutation may be opened again; all may redeem by payment."
204
中大同元年春正月丁未，曲阿縣建陵隧口石騏驎動，有大蛇鬬隧中，其一被傷奔走。 癸丑，交州刺史楊瞟剋交趾嘉寧城，李賁竄入獠洞，交州平。
On dingwei day in the first month of spring in Zhongdatong 1, at Jianling pass in Qu'e county a stone qilin stirred; a great serpent fought in the pass, one was wounded, and fled. On guichou day Jiaozhou inspector Yang Piao took Jianing city in Jiaozhi; Li Ben fled into a Liao cave, and Jiaozhou was pacified.
205
三月乙巳，大赦天下：凡主守割盜、放散官物，及以軍糧器甲，凡是赦所不原者，起十一年正月以前，皆悉從恩，十一年正月已後，悉原加責； 其或爲事逃叛流移，因饑以後亡鄉失土，可聽復業，蠲課五年，停其徭役； 其被拘之身，各還本郡，舊業若在，皆悉還之。 庚戌，法駕出同泰寺大會，停寺省，講《金字三慧經》。
On yisi day in the third month a general amnesty was proclaimed: embezzlement, seizure, or dispersal of government goods or military grain and armor—matters normally excluded—before the first month of the eleventh year received full grace; after that month, pardon with added penalties; those who fled, rebelled, or drifted in hunger after losing land might return to their trades, with five years' tax remission and corvée suspended; those held in custody were sent home to their commanderies; old estates, where they remained, were fully restored. On gengxu day the imperial procession went to Tongtai Temple for a great assembly, lodged in the temple precinct, and lectured on the Gold-letter Three Wisdoms Sutra.
206
夏四月丙戌，於同泰寺解講，設法會。 大赦，改元。 孝悌力田爲父後者賜爵一級，賚宿衛文武各有差。 是夜，同泰寺災。
On bingxu day in the fourth month of summer the lecture at Tongtai Temple closed and a dharma assembly was held. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed. Filial sons, obedient brothers, strong farmers, and eldest sons received one rank of nobility; court guards civil and military received graded gifts. That night Tongtai Temple burned.
207
六月辛巳，竟天有聲，如風雨相擊薄。
On xinsi day in the sixth month a sound filled the sky like wind and rain striking together.
208
秋七月辛酉，以武昌王𧫷爲東揚州刺史。 甲子，詔曰：「禽獸知母而不知父，無賴子弟過於禽獸，至於父母並皆不知。 多觸王憲，致及老人。 耆年禁執，大可傷愍。 自今有犯罪者，父母祖父母勿坐。 唯大逆不預今恩。」 丙寅，詔曰：「朝四而暮三，衆狙皆喜，名實未虧，而喜怒爲用。 頃聞外間多用九陌錢，陌減則物貴，陌足則物賤，非物有貴賤，是心有顛倒。 至於遠方，日更滋甚。 豈直國有異政，乃至家有殊俗，徒亂王制，無益民財。 自今可通用足陌錢。 令書行後，百日爲期，若猶有犯，男子謫運，女子質作，並同三年。」
On xinyou day in the seventh month of autumn Prince of Wuchang Xu was made Eastern Yangzhou inspector. On jiazi day an edict said, "Beasts know their mothers but not their fathers; worthless sons are worse—they know neither parent. Many break royal law, and the aged suffer for it. To imprison the aged is deeply pitiable. From now on, when one commits a crime, parents and grandparents shall not be punished. Only great treason is excluded from this grace." On bingyin day an edict said, "Morning four and evening three—all the monkeys were pleased; name and substance did not change, yet joy and anger were the tools. Lately I hear much use of short-hundred coins outside—when the count falls short, goods seem dear; when full, goods seem cheap. Goods do not truly rise or fall; the mind is turned upside down. In distant places it grows worse by the day. This is not merely different policy in the state but different custom in every household—only disordering royal rule and wasting the people's wealth. From now on full-hundred coins shall be used throughout. One hundred days after this order, if there are still violators, men shall serve transport corvée and women pledged labor, both for three years."
209
八月丁丑，東揚州刺史武昌王𧫷薨。 以安東將軍、南徐州刺史臨川王正義卽本號東揚州刺史，丹陽尹卲陵王綸爲鎮東將軍、南徐州刺史。 甲午，渴槃陁國遣使獻方物。
On dingchou day in the eighth month Prince of Wuchang Xu, Eastern Yangzhou inspector, died. Eastern Army General and South Xuzhou inspector Prince of Linchuan Zhengyi became Eastern Yangzhou inspector under his existing title; Danyang intendant Prince of Shaoling Lun became General Who Pacifies the East and South Xuzhou inspector. On jiawu day Kapisa sent envoys with local tribute.
210
冬十月癸酉，汝陰王劉哲薨。 乙亥，以前東揚州刺史岳陽王詧爲雍州刺史。
On guiyou day in the tenth month of winter Prince of Ruyin Liu Zhe died. On yihai day former Eastern Yangzhou inspector Prince of Yueyang Cha was made Yongzhou inspector.
211
太清元年正月壬寅，驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史廬陵王續薨； 以鎮南將軍、江州刺史湘東王繹爲鎮西將軍、荊州刺史。 辛酉，輿駕親祠南郊，詔曰：「天行彌綸，覆燾之功博； 乾道變化，資始之德成。 朕沐浴齋宮，虔恭上帝，祗事槱燎，高熛太一，大禮克遂，感慶兼懷，思與億兆，同其福惠。 可大赦天下，尤窮者無出卽年租調； 清議禁錮，並皆宥釋； 所討逋叛，巧籍隱年，闇丁匿口，開恩百日，各令自首，不問往罪； 流移他鄉，聽復宅業，蠲課五年； 孝悌力田，賜爵一級； 居局治事，賞勞二年。 可班下遠近，博采英異，或德茂州閭，道行鄉邑，或獨行特立，不求聞達，咸使言上，以時招聘。」 甲子，輿駕親祠明堂。
On renyin day in the first month of Taqing 1, Rapid Cavalry Grand General Prince of Luling Xu, with open office and third-rank ceremonial parity and inspector of Jingzhou, died; General Who Pacifies the South and Jiangzhou inspector Prince of Xiangdong Yi became General Who Pacifies the West and Jingzhou inspector. On xinyou day the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person; an edict said, "Heaven's course spreads wide; its sheltering virtue is vast; the Way of Heaven transforms and the virtue that nurtures beginnings is complete. I have bathed in the fasting palace, reverently served August Heaven, performed the kindling sacrifice, and raised the flame to the Great One—the great rite is done. Joy mingles with gratitude, and I wish to share this blessing with the hundred millions. A general amnesty for the empire; the extremely poor need not pay this year's land tax and dues; those barred by pure-critique censure are all released; wanted fugitives, those who falsify registers or hide age and men—one hundred days of grace, each may surrender without question of past crimes; those who drifted elsewhere may return to homes and trades, with five years' remission; filial sons, obedient brothers, and strong farmers receive one noble rank; those serving in office receive two years' labor reward. Let this be sent near and far; gather worthies—men of virtue in their districts, of the Way in their townships, or of solitary integrity who seek no fame—report all to the throne for timely summons." On jiazi day the emperor sacrificed at the Bright Hall in person.
212
二月己卯，白虹貫日。 庚辰，魏司徒侯景求以豫、廣、潁、洛、陽、西揚、東荊、北荊、襄、東豫、南兗、西兗、齊等十三州內屬。 壬午，以景爲大將軍，封河南王，大行臺制承，如鄧禹故事。 丁亥，輿駕躬耕籍田。
On jimao day in the second month a white rainbow pierced the sun. On gengchen day Wei Minister over the Masses Hou Jing asked to submit thirteen provinces—Yu, Guang, Ying, Luo, Yang, Western Yang, Eastern Jing, Northern Jing, Xiang, Eastern Yu, Southern Yan, Western Yan, and Qi. On renwu day Hou Jing was made Grand General, enfeoffed Prince of Henan, and granted acting Grand Chancery authority after the precedent of Deng Yu. On dinghai day the emperor plowed the sacred field in person.
213
三月庚子，高祖幸同泰寺，設無遮大會，捨身，公卿等以錢一億萬奉贖。 甲辰，遣司州刺史羊鴉仁、兗州刺史桓和、仁州刺史湛海珍等應接北豫州。
On gengzi day in the third month Gaozu went to Tongtai Temple, held an unrestricted great assembly, and offered his body in renunciation; ministers and nobles contributed one hundred million in coin to ransom him. On jiachen day Si province inspector Yang Yaren, Yan province inspector Huan He, and Ren province inspector Zhan Haizhen were dispatched to reinforce Northern Yu.
214
夏四月丁亥，輿駕還宮，大赦天下，改元，孝悌力田爲父後者賜爵一級，在朝羣臣宿衛文武並加頒賚。
On dinghai day in the fourth month of summer the emperor returned to the palace; a general amnesty was proclaimed, the era changed, filial sons, strong farmers, and eldest sons received one rank of nobility, and court officials and guards received gifts.
215
五月丁酉，輿駕幸德陽堂，宴羣臣，設絲竹樂。
On dingyou day in the fifth month the emperor visited Deyang Hall, feasted the officials, and set out string and bamboo music.
216
六月戊辰，以前雍州刺史鄱陽王範爲征北將軍，總督漢北征討諸軍事。 秋七月庚申，羊鴉仁入懸瓠城。 甲子，詔曰：「二豫分置，其來久矣。 今汝、潁剋定，可依前代故事，以懸瓠爲豫州，壽春爲南豫，改合肥爲合州，北廣陵爲淮州，項城爲殷州，合州爲南合州。」
On wuchen day in the sixth month former Yongzhou inspector Prince of Poyang Fan was made Northern Expedition General overseeing all northern campaigns on the Han. On gengshen day in the seventh month of autumn Yang Yaren entered Xuanchi city. On jiazi day an edict said, "The two Yu provinces have long been split; now Runan and Yingchuan are secured—by former precedent Xuanchi shall be Yu, Shouchun Southern Yu; Hefei renamed He province, Northern Guangling Huai province, Xiangcheng Yin province, and He province Southern He province."
217
八月乙丑，王師北伐，以南豫州刺史蕭淵明爲大都督。 詔曰：「今汝南新復，嵩、潁載清，瞻言遣黎，有勞鑒寐，宜覃寬惠，與之更始。 應是緣邊初附諸州部內百姓，先有負罪流亡，逃叛入北，一皆曠蕩，不問往諐。 並不得挾以私讎而相報復。 若有犯者，嚴加裁問。」 戊子，以大將軍侯景錄行臺尚書事。
On yichou day in the eighth month the royal army marched north, and South Yu inspector Xiao Yuanming was made supreme commander. An edict said, "Runan is newly recovered, Song and Ying cleared—seeing the people sent away, my thoughts are troubled waking and sleeping. Broad mercy should be spread and a new beginning granted. All people in newly attached border provinces who owed guilt and fled north receive full amnesty, past offenses not asked. None may take private grudges to settle scores. Violators shall be strictly investigated." On wuzi day Grand General Hou Jing was made acting director of the Grand Chancery Masters of Writing.
218
九月癸卯，王游苑成。 庚戌，輿駕幸苑。
On guimao day in the ninth month the Imperial Pleasure Garden was completed. On gengxu day the emperor visited the garden.
219
冬十一月，魏遣大將軍慕容紹宗等至寒山。 丙午，大戰，淵明敗績，及北兗州刺史胡貴孫等並陷魏。 紹宗進圍潼州。
In the eleventh month of winter Wei sent Grand General Murong Shaozong and others to Hanshan. On bingwu day a great battle was fought—Yuanming was defeated, and Northern Yan inspector Hu Guisun and others all fell to Wei. Shaozong advanced to besiege Tong province.
220
十二月戊辰，遣太子舍人元貞還北爲魏主。 辛巳，以前征北將軍鄱陽王范爲安北將軍、南豫州刺史。
On wuchen day in the twelfth month Crown Prince attendant Yuan Zhen was sent north as envoy to the Wei ruler. On xinsi day former Northern Expedition General Prince of Poyang Fan was made Pacification North General and South Yu inspector.
221
二年春正月戊戌，詔在位各舉所知。 己亥，魏陷渦陽。 辛丑，以尚書僕射謝舉爲尚書令，守吏部尚書王克爲尚書僕射。 甲辰，豫州刺史羊鴉仁，殷州刺史羊思達，並棄城走，魏進據之。 乙卯，以大將軍侯景爲南豫州牧，安北將軍、南豫州刺史鄱陽王範爲合州刺史。
On wuxu day in the first month of spring in year 2 an edict ordered those in office to each recommend men they knew. On jihai day Wei took Woyang. On xinchou day Vice Director Xie Ju became Director of the Masters of Writing, and acting Minister of Personnel Wang Ke became Vice Director. On jiachen day Yu inspector Yang Yaren and Yin inspector Yang Sida both abandoned their cities and fled; Wei advanced and occupied them. On yimao day Grand General Hou Jing was made governor of Southern Yu, and Pacification North General Prince of Poyang Fan, South Yu inspector, was made He province inspector.
222
三月甲辰，撫東將軍高麗王高延卒，以其息爲寧東將軍、高麗王、樂浪公。 己未，以鎮東將軍、南徐州刺史卲陵王綸爲平南將軍、湘州刺史、同三司之儀，中衛將軍、開府儀同三司蕭淵藻爲征東將軍、南徐州刺史。 是日，屈獠洞斬李賁，傳首京師。
On jiachen day in the third month Eastern Pacification General King Gao Yan of Goguryeo died; his son was made Pacification East General, king of Goguryeo, and Duke of Lelang. On jiwei day General Who Pacifies the East and South Xuzhou inspector Prince of Shaoling Lun became Pacification South General and Xiangzhou inspector with third-rank ceremonial parity; Central Guard General Xiao Yuanzao, with open office and third-rank ceremonial parity, became Eastern Expedition General and South Xuzhou inspector. That day Qu Liao cave executed Li Ben and sent his head to the capital.
223
夏四月丙子，詔在朝及州郡各舉清人任治民者，皆以禮送京師。 戊寅，以護軍將軍河東王譽爲湘州刺史。
On bingzi day in the fourth month of summer an edict ordered court and provinces each to recommend upright men fit to govern the people, all to be escorted to the capital with ceremony. On wuyin day Guard Army General Prince Yu of Hedong was made inspector of Xiangzhou.
224
五月辛丑，以新除中書令卲陵王綸爲安前將軍、開府儀同三司，前湘州刺史張纘爲領軍將軍。 辛亥，曲赦交、愛、德三州。 癸丑，詔曰：「爲國在於多士，寧下寄於得人。 朕暗於行事，尤闕治道，孤立在上，如臨深谷。 凡爾在朝，咸思匡救，獻替可否，用相啓沃。 班下方嶽，傍求俊乂，窮其屠釣，盡其岩穴，以時奏聞。」 是月，兩月夜見。
On xinchou day in the fifth month the newly dismissed Palace Secretariat Director Prince Lun of Shaoling was made Front-Pacification General with an open office and third-rank ceremonial parity, and former Xiangzhou inspector Zhang Zuan was made General Who Commands the Army. On xinhai day a partial amnesty was granted for Jiao, Ai, and De provinces. On guichou day an edict said, "A state stands on many officers, and the realm's peace rests on finding the right men. I am blind in my actions and especially lack the way of governance; alone on high, I stand as at the lip of a deep gorge. All of you in court should think how to set things right; offer counsel on what to keep and what to change, and thereby guide and sustain me. Send this to the regional commanderies; seek worthy men everywhere; search out hermits in caves and commoners at the plow; report what you find in season." That month the moon appeared twice in one night.
225
秋八月乙未，以右衛將軍朱异爲中領軍。 戊戌，侯景舉兵反，擅攻馬頭、木柵、荊山等戍。 甲辰，以安前將軍、開府儀同三司卲陵王綸都督衆軍討景。 曲赦南豫州。
On yiwei day in the eighth month of autumn Right Guard General Zhu Yi was made Central Army Commander. On wuxu day Hou Jing raised troops in rebellion and on his own authority attacked the garrisons at Matou, Muzha, Jingshan, and elsewhere. On jiachen day Front-Pacification General Prince Lun of Shaoling, with an open office and third-rank ceremonial parity, was made overall commander of the armies to suppress Hou Jing. A partial amnesty was granted for South Yuzhou.
226
九月丙寅，加左光祿大夫元羅鎮右將軍。
On bingyin day in the ninth month Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness Yuan Luo was additionally made General Who Stabilizes the Right.
227
冬十月，侯景襲譙州，執刺史蕭泰。 丁未，景進攻歷陽，太守莊鐵降之。 戊申，以新除光祿大夫臨賀王正德爲平北將軍，都督京師諸軍，屯丹陽郡。 己酉，景自橫江濟于採石。 辛亥，景師至京，臨賀王正德率衆附賊。
In the tenth month of winter Hou Jing raided Qiao province and captured its inspector Xiao Tai. On dingwei day Hou Jing advanced on Liyang, and Administrator Zhuang Tie surrendered to him. On wushen day the newly dismissed Grand Master for Splendid Happiness Prince Zhengde of Linhe was made General Who Pacifies the North, overall commander of the capital armies, and encamped in Danyang commandery. On jiyou day Hou Jing crossed from Hengjiang to Caishi. On xinhai day Hou Jing's army reached the capital, and Prince Zhengde of Linhe led his troops over to the rebels.
228
十一月辛酉，賊攻陷東府城，害南浦侯蕭推、中軍司馬楊暾。 庚辰，卲陵王綸帥武州刺史蕭弄璋、前譙州刺史趙伯超等，入援京師，頓鐘山愛敬寺。 乙酉，綸進軍湖頭，與賊戰，敗績。 丙戌，安北將軍鄱陽王範遣世子嗣、雄信將軍裴之高等帥衆入援，次於張公洲。
On xinyou day in the eleventh month the rebels took Dongfu city and killed Marquis Tui of Nanpu and Central Army Major Yang Tun. On gengchen day Prince Lun of Shaoling led Wu province inspector Xiao Nongzhang, former Qiao province inspector Zhao Bochao, and others to relieve the capital and encamped at Aijing Temple on Zhongshan. On yiyou day Prince Lun advanced to Hutou, fought the rebels, and was defeated. On bingxu day General Who Pacifies the North Prince Fan of Poyang sent his heir Si, Bold-Faith General Pei Zhigao, and others to lead relief troops and encamped at Zhanggong Islet.
229
十二月戊申，天西北中裂，有光如火。 尚書令謝舉卒。 丙辰，司州刺史柳仲禮、前衡州刺史韋粲、高州刺史李遷仕、前司州刺史羊鴉仁等並帥軍入援，推仲禮爲大都督。
On wushen day in the twelfth month the sky split open in the northwest with a light like fire. Director of the Masters of Writing Xie Ju died. On bingchen day Si province inspector Liu Zhongli, former Heng province inspector Wei Can, Gao province inspector Li Qianshi, former Si province inspector Yang Yaren, and others all led armies to relieve the capital and raised Zhongli to supreme commander.
230
三年春正月丁巳朔，柳仲禮帥衆分據南岸。 是日，賊濟軍於青塘，襲破韋粲營，粲拒戰死。 庚申，卲陵王綸、東揚州刺史臨成公大連等帥兵集南岸。 乙丑，中領軍朱异卒。 丙寅，以司農卿傅岐爲中領軍。 戊辰，高州刺史李遷仕、天門太守樊文皎進軍青溪東，爲賊所破，文皎死之。 壬午，熒惑守心。 乙酉，太白晝見。
On dingsi day, the new moon of the first month of spring in year 3, Liu Zhongli led his forces to hold positions along the south bank. That same day the rebels crossed at Qingtang, raided and broke Wei Can's camp, and Can died fighting. On gengshen day Prince Lun of Shaoling, East Yangzhou inspector Duke Dalian of Lincheng, and others gathered their armies on the south bank. On yichou day Central Army Commander Zhu Yi died. On bingyin day Minister of Finance Fu Qi was made Central Army Commander. On wuchen day Gao province inspector Li Qianshi and Tianmen administrator Fan Wenjiao advanced east of Qingxi, were broken by the rebels, and Wenjiao died in battle. On renwu day Mars occupied the Heart constellation. On yiyou day Venus was visible in daytime.
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二月丁未南兗州刺史南康王會理、前青、冀二州刺史湘潭侯蕭退帥江州之衆，頓于蘭亭苑。 庚戌，安北將軍、合州刺史鄱陽王範以本號開府儀同三司。
On dingwei day in the second month South Yan province inspector Prince Huili of Nankang and former Qing and Ji provinces inspector Marquis Tui of Xiangtan led the armies of Jiang province and encamped at Lanting Garden. On gengxu day General Who Pacifies the North Prince Fan of Poyang, inspector of He province, was given his former title with an open office and third-rank ceremonial parity.
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三月戊午，前司州刺史羊鴉仁等進軍東府北，與賊戰，大敗。 己未，皇太子妃王氏薨。 丁卯，賊攻陷宮城，縱兵大掠。 己巳，賊矯詔遣石城公大款解外援軍。 庚午，侯景自爲都督中外諸軍事、大丞相、錄尚書。 辛未，援軍各退散。 丙子，熒惑守心。 壬午，新除中領軍傅岐卒。
On wuwu day in the third month former Si province inspector Yang Yaren and others advanced north of Dongfu, fought the rebels, and suffered great defeat. On jiwei day the crown prince's consort Lady Wang died. On dingmao day the rebels took the palace city and let their troops plunder without restraint. On jisi day the rebels forged an edict sending Duke Dakuan of Shicheng to disband the outside relief armies. On gengwu day Hou Jing made himself overall commander of all armies within and without, Grand Chancellor, and Recorder of the Masters of Writing. On xinwei day the relief armies each withdrew and dispersed. On bingzi day Mars again occupied the Heart constellation. On renwu day the newly appointed Central Army Commander Fu Qi died.
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夏四月己丑，京師地震。 丙申，地又震。 己酉，高祖以所求不供，憂憤寢疾。 是月，青、冀二州刺史明少遐、東徐州刺史湛海珍、北青州刺史王奉伯各舉州附于魏。 五月丙辰，高祖崩于淨居殿，時年八十六。 辛巳，遷大行皇帝梓宮于太極前殿。
On jichou day in the fourth month of summer the capital region was shaken by earthquake. On bingshen day the earth shook again. On jiyou day Gaozu, unable to obtain what he sought, fell ill with grief and rage. That month Qing and Ji provinces inspector Ming Shaoxia, East Xuzhou inspector Zhan Haizhen, and North Qing province inspector Wang Fengbo each surrendered their provinces to Wei. On bingchen day in the fifth month Gaozu died in the Hall of Pure Abiding at the age of eighty-six. On xinsi day the late emperor's coffin was moved to the Hall of Supreme Ultimate.
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冬十一月，追尊爲武皇帝，廟曰高祖。 乙卯，葬于脩陵。
In the eleventh month of winter he was posthumously honored as Emperor Wu with the temple name Gaozu. On yimao day he was buried at Xiuling.
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高祖生知淳孝。 年六歲，獻皇太后崩，水漿不入口三日，哭泣哀苦，有過成人，內外親黨，咸加敬異。 及丁文皇帝憂，時爲齊隨王諮議，隨府在荊鎮，仿佛奉聞，便投劾星馳，不復寢食，倍道就路，憤風驚浪，不暫停止。 高祖形容本壯，及還至京都，銷毀骨立，親表士友，不復識焉。 望宅奉諱，氣絕久之，每哭輒歐血數升。 服內不復嘗米，惟資大麥，日止二溢。 拜掃山陵，涕淚所灑，松草變色。 及居帝位，卽於鐘山造大愛敬寺，青溪邊造智度寺，又於臺內立至敬等殿。 又立七廟堂，月中再過，設淨饌。 每至展拜，恒涕泗滂沲，哀動左右。 加以文思欽明，能事畢究，少而篤學，洞達儒玄。 雖萬機多務，猶卷不輟手，燃燭側光，常至戊夜。 造《制旨孝經義》，《周易講疏》，及六十四卦、二《繋》、《文言》、《序卦》等義，《樂社義》，《毛詩答問》，《春秋答問》，《尚書大義》，《中庸講疏》，《孔子正言》，《老子講疏》，凡二百餘卷，並正先儒之迷，開古聖之旨。 王侯朝臣皆奉表質疑，高祖皆爲解釋。 脩飾國學，增廣生員，立五館，置《五經》博士。 天監初，則何佟之、賀㻛、嚴植之、明山賓等覆述制旨，並撰吉凶軍賓嘉五禮，凡一千餘卷，高祖稱制斷疑。 於是穆穆恂恂，家知禮節。 大同中，於臺西立士林館，領軍朱异、太府卿賀琛、舍人孔子袂等遞相講述。 皇太子、宣城王亦於東宮宣猷堂及揚州廨開講，於是四方郡國，趨學向風，雲集於京師矣。 兼篤信正法，尤長釋典，制《涅盤》、《大品》、《淨名》、《三慧》諸經義記，復數百卷。 聽覽餘閒，卽於重雲殿及同泰寺講說，名僧碩學，四部聽衆，常萬餘人。 又造《通史》，躬制贊序，凡六百卷。 天情睿敏，下筆成章，千賦百詩，直疏便就，皆文質彬彬，超邁今古。 詔銘贊誄，箴頌箋奏，爰初在田，洎登寶曆，凡諸文集，又百二十卷。 六藝備閑，棋登逸品，陰陽緯候，卜筮占決，並悉稱善。 又撰《金策》三十卷。 草隸尺牘，騎射弓馬，莫不奇妙。 勤於政務，孜孜無怠。 每至冬月，四更竟，卽敕把燭看事，執筆觸寒，手爲皴裂。 糾姦擿伏，洞盡物情，常哀矜涕泣，然後可奏。 日止一食，膳無鮮腴，惟豆羹糲食而已。 庶事繁擁，日儻移中，便嗽口以過。 身衣布衣，木綿皁帳，一冠三載，一被二年。 常克儉於身，凡皆此類。 五十外便斷房室。 後宮職司，貴妃以下，六宮褘褕三翟之外，皆衣不曳地，傍無錦綺。 不飲酒，不聽音聲，非宗廟祭祀、大會饗宴及諸法事，未嘗作樂。 性方正，雖居小殿暗室，恒理衣冠，小坐押䙅，盛夏暑月，未嘗褰袒。 不正容止，不與人相見，雖覿內豎小臣，亦如遇大賓也。 歷觀古昔帝王人君，恭儉莊敬，藝能博學，罕或有焉。
Gaozu was born knowing pure filial devotion. At six, when Empress Dowager Xian died, he took no water or food for three days; his weeping was so bitter it surpassed an adult's, and kin near and far all looked on him with added reverence and wonder. When he entered mourning for Emperor Wen, he was advisory aide to Qi's Prince of Sui, whose establishment was stationed in Jing province. As soon as word reached him he resigned his post and raced off like a shooting star, neither sleeping nor eating, pressing the road at double pace through wind and storm without pause. Gaozu had been robust of frame, but when he returned to the capital he was wasted to skin and bone; relatives, friends, and scholars could no longer recognize him. When he reached home and received the taboo name he lost breath for a long while; each time he wept he vomited several sheng of blood. Throughout mourning he never tasted rice again and lived only on barley, no more than two yi a day. When he bowed at the imperial tombs, wherever his tears fell the pine grass changed color. Once he took the throne he built Great Aijing Temple on Zhongshan, Zhidu Temple beside Qingxi, and within the palace halls such as Supreme Reverence. He also established the Hall of the Seven Ancestral Temples and twice each month visited it with pure offerings. Whenever he performed the scheduled bowing tears poured down without cease, and his grief moved all who attended him. Moreover his literary mind was keen and bright, and he brought every task to completion; from youth he was deeply devoted to learning and mastered both Confucian and Daoist learning. Though myriad state affairs pressed upon him, he never laid aside his scrolls; by candlelight at his side he read, often until the fifth watch of night. He composed Imperial Intent Commentary on the Classic of Filial Piety, Lectures and Exegesis on the Changes, commentaries on the sixty-four hexagrams, the two Appendices, the Statement on the Hexagrams, the Sequence of Hexagrams, and other texts; Commentary on the Community Sacrifice in the Book of Music; Questions and Answers on the Mao Odes; Questions and Answers on the Spring and Autumn Annals; Great Meaning of the Documents; Lectures on the Doctrine of the Mean; Correct Words of Confucius; Lectures on the Laozi — more than two hundred volumes in all, correcting the errors of earlier scholars and opening the intent of the ancient sages. Princes, marquises, and court ministers all submitted memorials with questions, and Gaozu answered every one. He restored and adorned the National University, expanded the student corps, established five academies, and appointed doctors for each of the Five Classics. At the start of Tianjian He Tongzhi, He Kun, Yan Zhizhi, Ming Shanbin, and others repeated and expounded the imperial intent and together compiled the five rites — auspicious, inauspicious, military, guest, and celebratory — more than one thousand volumes in all; Gaozu personally settled doubtful points. Thereafter the realm was reverent and orderly, and every household came to know ritual and propriety. In the Datong era he established the Forest of Scholars Hall west of the palace, and General Who Commands the Army Zhu Yi, Minister Steward He Chen, Palace Attendant Kong Zimei, and others lectured in turn. The crown prince and Prince Xuan of Xuancheng also opened lectures at the Hall of Proclaimed Instruction in the Eastern Palace and at the Yangzhou yamen; then from commanderies and kingdoms in all four directions men hurried toward learning and gathered at the capital like clouds. He was moreover deeply faithful to the true dharma and especially mastered Buddhist scriptures, compiling commentaries on the Nirvana, Mahaprajnaparamita, Vimalakirti, Three Wisdoms, and other sutras — again several hundred volumes. In the intervals between hearing memorials he lectured at the Hall of Layered Clouds and at Tongtai Temple; eminent monks and great scholars, and audiences from the four quarters, often numbered more than ten thousand. He also composed the Comprehensive History, writing the prefaces and appraisals himself — six hundred volumes in all. Heaven's endowment was keen and quick; he put brush to paper and prose sprang forth. A thousand fu and a hundred shi could be drafted straightaway, all balanced in substance and ornament, surpassing present and past. Edicts, inscriptions, eulogies, dirges, admonitions, hymns, petitions, and memorials — from his first years in the countryside down to his ascension to the throne — all his collected works amounted to another one hundred and twenty volumes. He was practiced in all six arts; at go he reached the transcendent grade; in yin-yang, apocryphal texts, calendrical omens, divination, and oracle interpretation he excelled in all. He also composed thirty volumes of Golden Stratagems. In cursive and clerical script, in letters and notes, in riding, archery, and horsemanship — there was nothing in which he was not marvelous. He was diligent in government affairs, tireless and unwearying. Every winter, as soon as the fourth watch ended, he ordered candles brought to review business; his hand, touching the cold as he wrote, cracked and split. In exposing wrongdoing and uncovering hidden guilt he penetrated human nature completely; he often wept in pity before he could approve a memorial for punishment. He ate only one meal a day; his fare had no fresh delicacies — only bean broth and coarse grain. When myriad affairs pressed in and the day had already passed midday, he would rinse his mouth and take that as his meal. He wore plain cloth on his body, cotton and dark tents in his quarters; one cap for three years, one quilt for two. He was always frugal in his person — in all things it was thus. After fifty he ceased entirely from the bedchamber. Among the palace offices, from honored consort downward — apart from the six inner palaces in their ceremonial robes of three pheasant patterns — all wore gowns that did not trail on the ground and had no brocade or damask at their sides. He did not drink wine or listen to music; except for ancestral temple sacrifices, great assemblies and feasts, and Buddhist ceremonies, he never had music performed. His nature was upright and square; even in a small hall or dark room he always arranged cap and robes; when seated briefly he kept his lap-belt neat; in the hottest months of summer he never bared his shoulders. Without proper bearing he would not receive anyone; even when meeting a young palace attendant he did so as though greeting a great guest. Looking through the emperors and rulers of old, for reverent frugality, dignified bearing, artistic skill, and wide learning — rarely has there been his equal.
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史臣曰：齊季告終，君臨昏虐，天棄神怒，衆叛親離。 高祖英武睿哲，義起樊、鄧，仗旗建號，濡足救焚，總蒼兕之師，翼龍豹之陣，雲驤雷駭，剪暴夷凶，萬邦樂推，三靈改卜。 於是御鳳曆，握龍圖，闢四門弘招賢之路，納十亂引諒直之<矢見>。 興文學，脩郊祀，治五禮，定六律，四聰旣達，萬機斯理，治定功成，遠安邇肅。 加以天祥地瑞，無絕歲時。 征賦所及之鄉，文軌傍通之地，南超萬里，西拓五千。 其中瑰財重寶，千夫百族，莫不充牣王府，蹶角闕庭。 三四十年，斯爲盛矣。 自魏、晉以降，未或有焉。 及乎耄年，委事羣倖。 然朱异之徒，作威作福，挾朋樹黨，政以賄成，服冕乘軒，由其掌握，是以朝經混亂，賞罰無章。 「小人道長」，抑此之謂也。 賈誼有云「可爲慟哭者矣」。 遂使滔天羯寇，承間掩襲，鷲羽流王屋，金契辱乘輿，塗炭黎元，黍離宮室。 嗚呼！ 天道何其酷焉。 雖歷數斯窮，蓋亦人事然也。 [1]
The historiographer says: When Qi's end drew near, the ruler sat in benighted cruelty; Heaven abandoned him and spirits were angered; the masses rebelled and kin turned away. Gaozu was heroic, martial, wise, and discerning; he raised righteousness from Fan and Deng, took up banners and established his title, waded through water to rescue those in fire; he gathered armies like azure rhinoceroses and winged dragon-leopards in their ranks; clouds soared and thunder shook as he cut down the violent and swept away the vicious; the myriad states gladly pushed him forward and the three spirits changed their oracle. Thereupon he grasped the phoenix calendar and held the dragon chart; he opened the four gates and widened the road to recruit worthies; he took in the ten disruptors and drew in the frank and upright to mark his failings. He revived literature and learning, restored suburban sacrifice, regulated the five rites, and fixed the six pitches; the four listeners were reached and the myriad affairs thereby ordered; governance settled and achievement complete, the far were pacified and the near were awed. Moreover heavenly portents and earthly blessings did not cease from year to year. In districts reached by levies and tribute, in lands connected by writing and wheelfracks, the south extended beyond ten thousand li and the west opened five thousand. Within them rare treasures and heavy gems, countless peoples and clans, all filled the imperial treasury; they came bowing with horns touching the ground before the palace gate. For thirty or forty years this was the height of splendor. Since Wei and Jin there has never been its like. In his old age he handed government over to favored minions. But men like Zhu Yi made power and profit, formed factions, bought office with bribes, and controlled who held rank and rode in chariots—so court order collapsed and rewards and punishments had no rule. "The way of petty men grows long"—that is what this means. Jia Yi said, "One could weep in anguish over this." Thus Jie bandits filled the heavens, seized their chance, and struck by surprise; eagle banners reached the royal hall, treaty seals humiliated the imperial carriage, the people were scorched, and palace halls became a scene of Grain Tall grief. Alas! How cruel Heaven's way is! Though the dynastic tally had run its course, this was surely also the work of men. Editorial footnote marker in the source text.
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全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Liang (May 1973).