1
梁書卷第五本紀第五
Book of Liang, Volume 5, Annals 5
2
世祖孝元皇帝諱繹，字世誠，小字七符，高祖第七子也。 天監七年八月丁巳生。 十三年，封湘東郡王，邑二千戶。 初爲寧遠將軍、會稽太守，入爲侍中、宣威將軍、丹陽尹。 普通七年，出爲使持節、都督荊湘郢益寧南梁六州諸軍事、西中郎將、荊州刺史。 中大通四年，進號平西將軍。 大同元年，進號安西將軍。 三年，進號鎮西將軍。 五年，入爲安右將軍、護軍將軍，領石頭戍軍事。 六年，出爲使持節、都督江州諸軍事、鎮南將軍、江州刺史。 太清元年，徙爲使持節、都督荊雍湘司郢寧梁南北秦九州諸軍事、鎮西將軍、荊州刺史。 三年三月，侯景寇沒京師。 四月，太子舍人蕭韶至江陵宣密詔，以世祖爲侍中、假黃鉞、大都督中外諸軍事、司徒承製，餘如故。 是月，世祖徵兵於湘州，湘州刺史河東王譽拒不遣。 六月丙午，遣世子方等帥衆討譽，戰所敗死。 七月，又遣鎮兵將軍鮑泉代討譽。 九月乙卯，雍州刺史岳陽王詧舉兵反，來寇江陵，世祖嬰城拒守。 乙丑，詧將杜掞與其兄弟及楊混，各率其衆來降。 丙寅，詧遁走。 鮑泉攻湘州不克，又遣左衛將軍王僧辯代將。
Taizong Emperor Xiaoyuan, personal name Yi, courtesy name Shicheng, childhood name Qifu, was Gaozu's seventh son. On dingsi in the eighth month of Tianjian 7 he was born. In year 13 he was made Prince of Xiangdong with a fief of two thousand households. He was first Remote Pacification General and Kuaiji administrator, then Attendant, Proclaiming Might General, and Danyang intendant. In Putong 7 he went out as Bearer of the Staff, commander of Jing, Xiang, Ying, Yi, Ning, and South Liang, Colonel of the Western Center, and Jingzhou inspector. In Zhongdatong 4 he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. In Datong 1 he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. In Datong 3 he was promoted to General Who Secures the West. In year 5 he entered court as General of the Right Guard and protector-general with Shitou garrison duties. In year 6 he went out as Bearer of the Staff, Jiangzhou commander, General Who Secures the South, and Jiangzhou inspector. In Taiqing 1 he was transferred Bearer of the Staff, commander of Jing, Yong, Xiang, Si, Ying, Ning, Liang, and the two Qin, General Who Secures the West, and Jingzhou inspector. In the third month of year 3 Hou Jing stormed and took the capital. In the fourth month crown prince gentleman Xiao Shao reached Jiangling with a secret edict appointing Taizong Attendant, provisional Bearer of the Yellow Axe, grand commander of all armies, acting as Minister of Education, other posts unchanged. That month Taizong raised troops in Xiangzhou; Xiangzhou inspector Prince Yu of Hedong refused to dispatch them. On bingwu in the sixth month he sent the heir Fangdeng against Yu; defeated in battle, Fangdeng was killed. In the seventh month he again sent Pacifying Troops General Bao Quan to replace him against Yu. On yimao in the ninth month Yueyang prince Cha, Yongzhou inspector, rebelled and attacked Jiangling; Taizong shut the city and defended. On yichou Cha's general Du Shan, his brothers, and Yang Hun each led their forces to surrender. On bingyin Cha fled. Bao Quan failed to take Xiangzhou and again sent Left Guard General Wang Senbian to replace the commander.
3
二月甲戌，衡陽內史周弘直表言鳳皇見郡界。
On jiaxu in the second month Hengyang intendant Zhou Hongzhi reported a phoenix within the commandery.
4
夏五月辛未，王僧辯克湘州，斬河東王譽，湘州平。
On xinwei in the fifth month of summer Wang Senbian took Xiangzhou, executed Prince Yu of Hedong, and pacified the province.
5
六月，江夏王大款、山陽王大成、宜都王大封自信安間道來奔。
In the sixth month Princes Dakuen of Jiangxia, Dacheng of Shanyang, and Dafeng of Yidu fled by the Xin'an route.
6
九月辛酉，以前郢州刺史南平王恪爲中衛將軍、尚書令、開府儀同三司，中撫軍將軍世子方諸爲郢州刺史，左衛將軍王僧辯爲領軍將軍。 改封大款爲臨川郡王，大成爲桂陽郡王，大封爲汝南郡王。 是月，任約進寇西陽、武昌，遣左衛將軍徐文盛、右衛將軍陰子春、太子右衛率蕭慧正、嶲州刺史席文獻等下武昌拒約。 以中衛將軍、尚書令、開府儀同三司南平王恪爲荊州刺史，鎮武陵。
On xinyou in the ninth month former Ying inspector Prince Ke of Nanping became Central Guard General, Director of the Masters of Writing with Three Lords honors; heir Fangzhu became Ying inspector; Left Guard Wang Senbian became leader of palace gentlemen. Dakuen was re-enfeoffed Prince of Linchuan, Dacheng Prince of Guiyang, Dafeng Prince of Runan. That month Ren Yue raided Xiyang and Wuchang; Left Guard Xu Wensheng, Right Guard Yin Zichun, heir's right guard colonel Xiao Huizheng, Guizhou inspector Xi Wennian, and others went down to Wuchang against him. Prince Ke of Nanping, central guard general and director with Three Lords honors, became Jingzhou inspector at Wuling.
7
十一月甲子，南平王恪、侍中臨川王大款、桂陽王大成、散騎常侍江安侯圓正、侍中左衛將軍張綰、司徒左長史曇等府州國一千人奉牋曰：
On jiazi in the eleventh month Prince Ke, Attendant Dakuen, Prince Dacheng, palace attendant Marquis Yuanzheng of Jiang'an, Attendant Left Guard Zhang Chuan, Minister of Education left chief clerk Dan, and a thousand men from offices, provinces, and kingdoms submitted a memorial:
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竊以嵩岳旣峻，山川出雲； 大國有蕃，申甫惟翰。 豈非皇建斯極，以位爲寶； 聖教辨方，慎名與器。 是知太尉佐帝，重華表黃玉之符，司空相土，伯禹降玄圭之錫。 伏惟明公大王殿下，命世應期，挺生將聖。 忠爲令德，孝實天經，地切應、韓，寄深旦、奭，五品斯訓，七政以齊，志存社稷，功濟屯險。 夷狄內侵，枕戈泣血，鯨鯢未掃，投袂勤王，能使遊魂請盟以屈膝，醜徒銜璧而讋氣。 親蕃外叛，釁均吳、楚，義討申威，兵不血刃。 湘波自息，非築杜弢之壘； 峴山離貳，不伐劉表之城。 九江致梗，二別殊派，才命戈船，底定灊、霍。 溯流窮討，路絕窺窬，胡兵侵界，鐵馬霧合，神規獨運，皆卽梟懸，翻同翅折，遂修職貢。 梁、漢合契，肆犀利之兵，巴、漢俱下，竭驍勇之陣。 南通五嶺，北出力原； 東夷不怨，西戎卽序。 可謂上流千里，持戟百萬，天下之至貴，四海之所推也。
We note that since lofty Song Mountain sends mountains and rivers forth in cloud; a great state has its bulwark and Shen and Fu as its pillars. Is it not that when royal order reaches its height, rank is the treasure; when sage teaching marks the regions, names and regalia are kept with care? Thus the grand marshal aids the emperor as Chonghua showed the yellow jade sign; the minister of works surveyed the land as Yu received the black jade gift. We venture: illustrious Duke and Royal Highness, born for the age, arose bearing the sage. Loyalty is supreme virtue, filial piety heaven's norm; the charge is deep as Dan and Shi; the five ranks are taught and seven directors aligned; will rests in state, merit crosses danger. When aliens invaded he slept on spear and wept blood; until foes were swept he cast sleeves aside for the king—foes begged treaty on bent knee and bandits bore jade in shame. Kin and marches rebelled alike; trouble matched Wu and Chu; righteous punishment needed no bloodshed. The Xiang stilled without building Du Tao's ramparts; Mount Xian stood apart without storming Liu Biao's city. Jiujiang was troubled; branches split; war-boats were ordered and Qian and Huo were settled. Pursuing upstream, roads blocked spies; when Hu troops crossed and iron horses massed like mist, his plan alone worked—heads hung, wings folded, tribute restored. Liang and Han allied and deployed sharp weapons; Ba and Han descended with brave formations. South to the Five Ridges, north force to the plains; eastern Yi were not aggrieved, western Rong were ordered. One may say a thousand li of upper stream and a million halberds—the world's height, what the four seas advance.
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今海水飛雲，昆山起燎，魏文悲樂推之歲，韓宣嘆成禮之日，陽臺之下，獨有冠蓋相趨； 夢水之傍，尚致車輿結轍。 麰麥兩穗，出於南平之邦； 甘露泥枝，降乎當陽之境。 野蠶自績，何謝歐絲； 閒田生稻，寧殊雨粟。 莫非品物咸亨，是稱文明光大，豈可徽號不彰於彝典，明試不陳乎車服者哉！
Now sea clouds rise and Kun flames blaze; Wei Wen grieved willing elevation, Han Xuan sighed completed rites—below Yang Terrace only caps hurried; by Dream Waters wagons still lined the road. Double ears on wheat came from Nanping; sweet dew on mud branches descended at Dangyang. Wild silkworms spun—why praise Ou silk; idle fields bore rice—no different from grain from rain. All things prospered—bright culture's radiance—how could titles fail in the canon and testing fail in chariot and robe!
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昔晉、鄭入周，尚作卿士； 蕭、曹佐漢，且居相國。 宜崇茲盛禮，顯答羣望。 恪等稽尋甲令，博詢惇史，謹再拜上，進位相國，總百揆，竹使符一，別准恒儀。 杖金斧以剪逆暴，乘玉輅而定社稷。 傍羅麗於日月，貞明合于天地。 扶危翼治，豈不休哉！
In antiquity Jin and Zheng entered Zhou yet served as chief ministers; Xiao and Cao aided Han yet held chancellorship. This splendid rite should be raised to answer the multitude's hopes. Ke and others searched armor commands, consulted trustworthy records, bowed twice, and advance you to chancellor of state overseeing the hundred offices, with one bamboo tally as constant ritual. Bearing golden axe to cut rebels, riding jade chariot to settle state. Splendors ranged beside sun and moon, brightness joined heaven and earth. Supporting peril and ordering rule—how could it not be glorious!
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恪等不通大體，自昧伏奏以聞。
Ke and others lack the great form and prostrate this memorial for hearing.
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世祖令答曰：「數鍾陽九，時惟百六，鯨鯢未剪，寤寐痛心。 周粵天官，秦稱相國，東至于海，西至于河，南次朱鳶，北漸玄塞。 率茲小宰，弘斯大德。 將何用繼蹤曲阜，擬跡桓、文，終建一匡，肅其五拜。 雖義屬隨時，事無虛紀，傳稱皆讓，《象》著鳴謙，瞻言前典，再懷哽恧。」
Taizong ordered reply: "Count falls on yang nine, time is hundred six; foes not yet cut—sleepless with grief. Zhou named celestial offices, Qin chancellor of state—east to sea, west to river, south to Zhuque, north to dark passes. Leading petty ministers, broadening great virtue— what use follow Qufu, trace Huan and Wen, erect one rectification, solemn in five bows? Though righteousness follows time, affairs are not empty; tradition says all yielded, the Image shows modesty—gazing on former canon, again ashamed."
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十二月壬辰，以定州刺史蕭勃爲鎮南將軍、廣州刺史。 遣護軍將軍尹悅、巴州刺史王珣、定州刺史杜多安帥衆下武昌，助徐文盛。
On renchen in the twelfth month Dingshan inspector Xiao Bo became General Who Secures the South and Guangzhou inspector. Protector-General Yin Yue, Bazhou inspector Wang Xun, Dingshan inspector Du Duo'an led troops to Wuchang to aid Xu Wensheng.
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大寶二年，世祖猶稱太清五年。 二月己亥，魏遣使來聘。
In Dabao 2 Taizong still called it Taiqing 5. On jihai in the second month Wei sent friendly envoys.
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三月，侯景悉兵西上，會任約軍。
In the third month Hou Jing mustered all troops west to join Ren Yue.
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四月丙午，景遣其將宋子仙、任約襲郢州，執刺史蕭方諸。 戊申，徐文盛、陰子春等奔歸，王珣、尹悅、杜多安並降賊。 庚戌，領軍將軍王僧辯帥衆屯巴陵。 甲子，景進寇巴陵。
On bingwu in the fourth month Hou Jing sent generals Song Zixian and Ren Yue to raid Yingzhou and seized inspector Fangzhu. On wushen Xu Wensheng and Yin Zichun fled back; Wang Xun, Yin Yue, and Du Duo'an all surrendered to the rebels. On gengxu Wang Senbian led troops stationed at Baling. On jiazi Hou Jing advanced against Baling.
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五月癸未，世祖遣游擊將軍胡僧祐、信州刺史陸法和帥衆下援巴陵。 任約敗，景遂遁走。 以王僧辯爲征東將軍、開府儀同三司、尚書令，胡僧祐爲領軍將軍，陸法和爲護軍將軍。 仍令僧辯率衆軍追景，所至皆捷。
On guiwei in the fifth month Taizong sent Mobile Headquarters Hu Senyou and Xinzhou inspector Lu Fahuo downstream to aid Baling. Ren Yue was defeated and Hou Jing fled. Wang Senbian became General Who Conquers the East with Three Lords honors and director of Masters of Writing; Hu Senyou leader of palace gentlemen; Lu Fahuo protector-general. He still ordered Senbian to pursue Hou Jing; everywhere they were victorious.
18
八月甲辰，僧辯下次湓城。 辛亥，以鎮南將軍、湘州刺史蕭方矩爲中衛將軍。 司空、征南將軍、南平王恪進號征南大將軍。 湘州刺史，餘如故。
On jiachen in the eighth month Senbian camped below Xunyang. On xinhai General Who Secures the South and Xiangzhou inspector Xiao Fangju became Central Guard General. Minister of Works and General Who Conquers the South Prince Ke of Nanping was promoted to Grand General Who Conquers the South. Jingzhou inspector, other posts unchanged.
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九月己亥，以征東將軍、開府儀同三司、尚書令王僧辯爲江州刺史，餘如故。 盤盤國獻馴象。
On jihai in the ninth month General Who Conquers the East Wang Senbian with Three Lords honors became Jiangzhou inspector, other posts unchanged. Panpan presented a tame elephant.
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冬十月辛丑朔，有紫雲如車蓋，臨江陵城。 是月，太宗崩。 侍中、征東將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史、尚書令、長寧縣侯王僧辯等奉表曰：
On xinchou, new moon of the tenth winter month, purple cloud like a chariot canopy hung over Jiangling. That month Taizong died. Attendant, General Who Conquers the East, Jiangzhou inspector, director, Marquis of Changning Wang Senbian and others submitted a memorial:
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衆軍薄伐，塗次九水，卽日獲臨城縣使人報稱：侯景弒逆皇帝，賊害太子，宗室在寇庭者，並罹禍酷。 六軍慟哭，三辰改曜。 哀我皇極，四海崩心。 我大梁纂堯構緒，基商啓祚。 太祖文皇帝徇齊作聖，肇有六州。 高祖武皇帝聰明神武，奄龕天下。 依日月而和四時，履至尊而制六合。 麗正居貞，大橫固祉。 四葉相系，三聖同基。 蠢爾凶渠，遂憑天邑。 閶闔受白登之辱，象魏致堯城之疑。 雲扆承華，一朝俱酷。 金楨玉幹，莫不同冤。 悠悠彼蒼，何其罔極！
The armies pressed the campaign, halted at Nine Waters—that day a Lincheng county messenger reported Hou Jing had murdered the emperor, harmed the crown prince, and kin in the rebel court suffered cruel death. The six armies wept; the three luminaries changed. Alas for our imperial pole—the four seas' hearts broke. Our great Liang received Yao's succession and traced Shang's opening. Grand Ancestor the Literary Emperor followed Qi, became sage, and opened the six provinces. Gaozu the Martial Emperor was bright, divine, and martial and in one sweep embraced the realm. Relying on sun and moon he harmonized four seasons; treading utmost honor he regulated the six harmonies. Establishing correctness and dwelling in constancy, great fortune was secured. Four reigns linked in succession, three sages one foundation. That vicious chief held the heavenly capital. The vermilion gate knew Baideng's shame; the elephant tower Yaocheng's doubt. Cloud canopy and Chenghua—in one morning all suffered cruel death. Golden pillars and jade stems: none escaped the same injustice. O distant azure Heaven—how boundless your cruelty!
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臣聞喪君有君，《春秋》之茂典； 以德以長，先王之通訓。 少康則牧衆撫職，祀夏所以配天； 平王則居正東遷，宗周所以卜世。 漢光以能捕不道，故景歷重昌； 中宗以不違羣議，故江東可立。 儔今考古，更無二謀。 伏惟陛下至孝通幽，英武靈斷，當七九之厄，而應千載之期； 啓殷憂之明，而居百王之會。 取威定霸，嶮阻艱難，建社治兵，載循古道。 家國之事，一至於斯。 天祚大梁，必將有主。 軒轅得姓，存者二人； 高祖五王，代實居長。 乘屈完而陳諸侯，拜子武而服大輅。 功齊九有，道濟生民。 非奉聖明，誰嗣下武！
I have heard that when a ruler dies, another must rule—the splendid canon of the Spring and Autumn Annals; to choose the virtuous and the elder is the universal teaching of the former kings. Shaokang gathered the people and steadied his charge, and by sacrificing to Xia he matched Heaven; King Ping held to righteousness and moved east, and so the Ancestral Zhou divined its span of years. Han Guangwu, because he could seize the lawless, saw the Jing calendar flourish again; Zhongzong, because he did not defy the assembly's counsel, could be enthroned in Jiangdong. Measured against antiquity today, there is no second counsel. I humbly consider that Your Majesty's filial piety reaches into the unseen, your heroism and martial clarity are keen—you meet the calamity of seven-nines and answer the term of a thousand years; you open light within deep sorrow and stand where a hundred kings meet. You take awe and fix hegemony through peril and hardship, raise altars and order armies, ever following the ancient Way. Affairs of house and state have come to this pass. Heaven's mandate to Great Liang surely must have a lord. When Xuanyuan received his surname, only two survived; among Gaozu's five princes, your generation truly holds the eldest rank. You ride as Qu Wan did to array the feudal lords, bow as Zi Wu did and receive the great carriage. Your merit equals the Nine Domains, your Way succors the living people. Unless we serve the sacred and bright, who will succeed the martial below?
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臣聞日月貞明，太陽不可以闕照； 天地貞觀，乾道不可以久惕。 黃屋左纛，本爲億兆而尊； 鸞輅龍章，蓋以郊禋而貴。 寶器存乎至重，介石慎於易差。 黔首豈可少選無君，宗祏豈可一日無主。 伏願陛下掃地升中，柴天改物。 事迫凶危，運鍾擾攘，蓋不勞宗正奉詔，博士擇時，南面卽可居尊，西向無所讓德。 四方旣知有奉，八百始可同期。 殘寇潛居，器藏社處，乾象旣傾，坤儀已覆。 斬莽輗車，燒卓照市，廓清函夏，正爲塋陵，開雪宮圍，庶存鐘鼎，彼黍離離，伊何可言。 陛下繼明闡祚，卽宮舊楚。 左廟右社之制，可以權宜； 五禮六樂之容，歲時取備。 金芝九莖，瓊茅三脊。 要衛率職，尉候相望。 坐廟堂以朝四夷，登靈台而望雲物，禪梁甫而封泰山，臨東濱而禮日觀。 然後與三事大夫，更謀都鄙。 左瀍右澗，夾雒可以爲居，抗殿疏龍，惟王可以在鎬，何必勤勤建業也哉。
I have heard that sun and moon stand in bright constancy—the great sun cannot long withhold its light; Heaven and earth stand in constant regard—the Way of Qian cannot long remain in caution. The yellow canopy and left banner-pole are honored for the hundred millions; the phoenix carriage and dragon insignia are held noble for suburban sacrifice. The sacred vessel rests in utmost weight; stand firm as on a whetstone, cautious lest ease bring slip. Can the black-haired people lack a lord for even a brief span? Can the altars of state lack a master for even one day? I humbly wish Your Majesty to sweep the earth and ascend Mount Zhong, burn offerings to Heaven and renew all things. Affairs press in grim peril, the age rings with turmoil—there is no need to trouble the Director of the Imperial Clan to present the edict or the Erudites to choose the hour; face south and take the honored seat at once, with no virtue to yield westward. When the four quarters know there is one to whom they may turn, only then can the eight hundred begin to join in one purpose. The remnant rebels lurk hidden, regalia is buried at the altars—the sign of Qian has already tipped, the measure of Kun already overturned. Strike down Wang Mang's funeral train, burn Dong Zhuo till the market glows, clear all within the passes and seas—for the imperial tombs, break the snowed palace ring and save what bells and tripods may remain—yet that millet, swaying, swaying—what can be said? Your Majesty continues the bright succession and opens the mandate, taking your palace in old Chu. The order of ancestral temple left and soil-altar right may be provisionally arranged; the forms of the five rites and six harmonies may be gathered season by season as they come due. Golden fungus with nine stalks, jade-thatched grass with triple ridges. Key defenses discharge their duties, frontier posts face one another. Sit in the hall of state to receive the four barbarians, ascend the Spirit Terrace to observe cloud-signs, offer the feng on Mount Tai by way of Liangfu, stand on the eastern shore and worship at Mount Riguang. Then with the great ministers of the Three Offices, reconvene to plan capital and countryside. With the Luo's left-bank Chan and right-bank Jian as bounds one may dwell, raise the hall and unfurl the dragon banner—only a king may abide in Hao; why need one toil endlessly at Jianye?
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臣等不勝控款之至，謹拜表以聞。
We your subjects cannot contain our earnest plea—respectfully we bow and present this memorial for your hearing.
25
世祖奉諱，大臨三日，百官縞素。 乃答曰：「孤以不德，天降之災，枕戈飲膽，扣心泣血。 風樹之酷，萬始不追； 霜露之哀，百憂總萃。 甫聞伯升之禍，彌切仲謀之悲。 若封豕旣殲，長蛇卽戮，方欲追延陵之逸軌，繼子臧之高讓，豈資秋亭之壇，安事繁陽之石。 侯景，項籍也； 蕭棟，殷辛也。 赤泉未賞，劉邦尚曰漢王； 白旗弗懸，周發猶稱太子。 飛龍之位，孰謂可躋； 附鳳之徒，旣聞來議。 羣公卿士，其諭孤之志，無忽！」 司空南平王恪率宗室五十餘人，領軍將軍胡僧祐率羣僚二百餘人，江州別駕張佚率吏民三百餘人，並奉牋勸進。 世祖固讓。
The Shizu observed mourning taboo, presided over the great lying-in for three days, and all officials wore white hemp. He then replied, "I, lacking virtue, suffer Heaven's calamity; I sleep upon my spear and taste gall, beat my breast and weep blood. The cruelty of wind and tree—nothing can overtake what is gone; the grief of frost and dew—all hundred sorrows gather at once. Just hearing of Bo Sheng's calamity deepens the grief I share with Zhongmou. If the great boar is already destroyed and the long snake soon slain, I would then follow Yanling's withdrawn track, emulate Zizang's lofty yield—how could I rely on Qiu Ting's altar, or trouble myself with Fanyang's stone? Hou Jing is Xiang Yu; Xiao Dong is Yin Xin of Shang. Before Chiquan's reward, Liu Bang was still called King of Han; Before the white banners were raised, Fa of Zhou was still called crown prince. The seat of the soaring dragon—who says one may leap to it? Those who would attach to the phoenix have already heard my intent. Lords, ministers, and officers—take counsel with my resolve, and do not neglect it!" Minister of Works Prince Ke of Nanping led more than fifty of the imperial clan, General of the Guards Hu Sengyou led more than two hundred officials, and Zhang Yi, acting governor of Jiangzhou, led more than three hundred clerks and people—all submitting memorials urging accession. The Shizu firmly declined.
26
十一月乙亥，王僧辯又奉表曰：
On yihai in the eleventh month, Wang Senbian again submitted a memorial, saying,
27
紫宸曠位，赤縣無主，百靈聳動，萬國回皇。 雖醉醒相扶，同歸景亳，式歌且誦，總赴唐郊，猶懼陛下俯首潸然，讓德不嗣。 傳車在道，方慎宋昌之謀； 法駕已陳，尚杜耿純之勸。 岳牧翹首，天民累息。
The Purple Forbidden Hall stands vacant, the Red Land has no lord—a hundred spirits quiver, ten thousand realms turn toward the throne. Though drunk and sober lean on one another toward Jing Bo, singing and chanting, all bound for Tang's suburbs—we still fear Your Majesty will bow your head in tears and let yielding virtue go unheeded. The relay-chariot is already on the road—we must heed Song Chang's counsel; the imperial equipage is already arrayed—yet still we block Geng Chun's urging. Mountain lords and pasture chiefs crane their necks; the people of Heaven draw breath in hope.
28
臣聞星回日薄，擊雷鞭電者之謂天； 岳立川流，吐霧蒸雲者之謂地。 苞天地之混成，洞陰陽之不測，而以裁成萬物者，其在聖人乎！ 故云「天地之大德曰生，聖人之大寶曰位。」 黃屋廟堂之下，本非獲已而居； 明鏡四衢之樽，蓋由應物取訓。 伏惟陛下稽古文思，英雄特達。 比以周旦，則文王之子； 方之放勛，則帝摯之季。 千年旦暮，可不在斯。 庭闕湮亡，鐘鼎淪覆，嗣膺景曆，非陛下而誰？ 豈可使赤眉更立盆子，隗囂託置高廟。 陛下方復從容高讓，用執謙光。 展其矯行偽書，誣罔正朔，見機而作，斷可識矣。 匪疑何卜，無待蓍龜。
I have heard that when stars wheel and the sun draws near, thunder is struck and lightning lashed—that is called Heaven; when peaks stand and rivers flow, mist is breathed and clouds steamed—that is called Earth. To embrace Heaven and Earth's blended completion, pierce yin and yang's unfathomable depth, and thereby trim and finish the ten thousand things—is this not the sage? Thus it is said, "Heaven and Earth's greatest virtue is life; the sage's greatest treasure is the throne. Beneath the yellow canopy in the temple hall one does not dwell by one's own wish; the clear mirror and goblet at the four crossroads—in teaching, one responds to things as they come. I humbly consider Your Majesty traces antiquity in literary thought, heroic and uniquely penetrating. Compared with Duke of Zhou, you are King Wen's son; matched with Emperor Yao, you are Emperor Zhi's younger brother. A thousand years' dawn and dusk—can they lie elsewhere than here? Court and gate are drowned in ruin, bells and tripods overturned—who but Your Majesty should receive the bright succession? Can we allow the Red Eyebrows to set up Penzi again, or Wei Xiao to enthrone his choice in the High Temple? Your Majesty would yet leisurely yield on high, clutching modest light. Display their crooked conduct and forged writs, mock the true calendar—the time to act is clear; the decision can be seen. When doubt is gone, why divine? No need to wait on yarrow or tortoise.
29
日者，公卿失馭，禍纏霄極，侯景憑陵，姦臣互起，率戎伐穎，無處不然，勸明誅晉，側足皆爾。 刁斗夜鳴，烽火相照。 中朝人士，相顧銜悲； 涼州義徒，東望殞涕，惵惵黔首，將欲安歸！ 陛下英略緯天，沉明內斷，橫劍泣血，枕戈嘗膽，農山圮下之策，金匱玉鼎之謀，莫不定算扆帷，決勝千里。 擊靈鼉之鼓，而建翠華之旗，驅六州之兵，而總九伯之伐，四方雖虞，一戰以霸。 斬其鯨鯢，旣章大戮，何校滅耳，莫匪姦回，史不絕書，府無虛月。 自洞庭安波，彭蠡底定，文昭武穆，芳若椒蘭，敵國降城，和如親戚，九服同謀，百道俱進，國恥家怨，計期就雪，社稷不墜，翽在聖明。 今也何時，而申帝啓之避，凶危若此，方陳泰伯之辭。 國有具臣，誰敢奉詔。
Lately the high ministers lost the reins, calamity coiled about heaven's pole—Hou Jing overran all, treacherous ministers rose in turn; leading armies to strike Ying, nowhere was it otherwise; urging clear punishment of Jin, all stood on tiptoe likewise. At night the garrison-clappers sounded, beacon fires lit one another. Men of the central court looked upon one another, grief in their mouths; righteous followers from Liangzhou gazed east and shed tears to their death—the trembling common people, whither could they turn! Your Majesty's heroic designs span the heavens, your deep clarity cuts within; you weep blood with a sword across your lap, taste gall beside your pillow—plans of Nong Mountain and the crumbled mound, counsels from the golden casket and jade tripod—all settled behind the curtain, victory decided a thousand li away. You beat the spirit-croc's drum and raise the king's azure banner, drive the armies of six provinces and marshal the nine lords' campaign—though the four quarters still worried, one battle made you hegemon. You cut down their leviathans; great punishments were already proclaimed; ears cropped, necks bound in cangue—not one was not a traitor; the histories never stopped writing, the archives had no empty month. Since the waves of Dongting grew calm and Pengli was settled, civil brilliance and martial depth fragrant as pepper and orchid, enemy states lowered their walls in peace like kin, nine domains took counsel together, a hundred roads advanced as one—national shame and family grudge were reckoned to be whitened soon, the altars would not fall: all hung upon sacred brilliance. What hour is this, yet you voice Di Qi's withdrawal; peril so grim, yet you set forth the Earl of Tai's words? The state has its proper ministers—who dares accept an edict of delay?
30
天下者高祖之天下，陛下者萬國之歡心，萬國豈可無君，高祖豈可廢祀。 卽日五星夜聚，八風通吹，雲煙紛郁，日月光華，百官象物而動，軍政不戒而備。 飛艫巨艦，竟水浮川； 鐵馬銀鞍，陵山跨谷。 英傑接踵，忠勇相顧，湛宗族以酬恩，焚妻子以報主。 莫不覆盾銜威，提斧擊衆，風飛電耀、志滅凶醜。 所待陛下昭告后土，虔奉上帝，廣發明詔，師出以名，五行夕返，六軍曉進，便當盡司寇之威，窮蚩尤之伐，執石趙而求璽，斬姚秦而取鍾，修掃塋陵，奉迎宗廟。 陛下豈得不仰存國計，俯從民請。 漢宣嗣位之後，卽遣蒲類之軍； 光武登極旣竟，始有長安之捷。 由此言之，不無前准。
All under Heaven is Great Gaozu's Heaven; Your Majesty is the ten thousand realms' heart's joy—the realms cannot lack a lord, Gaozu cannot lack sacrifice. That very night the five stars gathered; the eight winds blew through; clouds and mist welled thick, sun and moon shone with glory; the hundred offices moved as omens dictated, military affairs stood ready without rallying call. Flying war-boats and great ships filled the waters and floated upon the streams; iron horses and silver saddles crossed mountains and spanned valleys. heroes came one on another's heels, the loyal and brave looked to one another—some drowned their clans to repay grace, some burned wife and children to answer their lord. None failed to turn shield and bear awe, lift axe and strike the mass—wind-flying, lightning-flashing, wills bent on extinguishing the vicious and ugly. All that awaits is Your Majesty proclaiming to the earth below, reverently serving the Lord on High, broadly issuing a bright edict, taking the army forth in righteousness's name—five elements home by evening, six armies advancing at dawn—then fully wield the Minister of Crime's awe, pursue Chiyu's war to its end, seize Shi Le of Zhao and demand the seal, cut down Yao Qin and take the bells, repair and sweep the imperial tombs, welcome home the ancestral temple. How can Your Majesty fail to look up and preserve the state's plan, bow down and follow the people's plea? After Emperor Xuan of Han succeeded, he at once sent the army to Lake Pulei; when Guangwu had finished ascending the pole, only then came victory at Chang'an. Spoken thus, precedent is not lacking.
31
臣等或世受朝恩，或身荷重遇，同休等戚，自國刑家，苟有腹心，敢以死奪。 不任慺慺之至，謹重奉表以聞。
We your subjects have either received dynastic favor through generations or borne heavy kindness in person; we share fortune and disaster, from state to family—forfeit life if need be, we dare not hold back our hearts. Unable to bear our utmost earnestness, we respectfully present this memorial again for your hearing.
32
世祖答曰：「省示，復具一二。 孤聞天生蒸民而樹之以君，所以對揚天休，司牧黔首。 攝提、合雒以前，栗陸、驪連之外，書契不傳，無得稱也。 自阪泉彰其武功，丹陵表其文德，有人民焉，有社稷焉，或歌謠所歸，或惟天所相。 孤遭家多難，大恥未雪，國賊則蚩尤弗剪，同姓則有扈不賓，臥而思之，坐以待旦，何以應寶曆，何以嗣龍圖。 庶一戎旣定，罪人斯得，祀夏配天，方申來議也。」 是時巨寇尚存，未欲卽位，而四方表勸，前後相屬，乃下令曰：「《大壯》乘乾，《明夷》垂翼，璇度亟移，玉律屢徙，四岳頻遣勸進，九棘比者表聞。 譙、沛未復，塋陵永遠，于居于處，寤寐疚懷，何心何顏，撫茲歸運。 自今表奏，所由並斷，若有啓疏，可寫此令施行。」 是日，賊司空、東南道大行台劉神茂率儀同劉歸義、留異赴義，奉表請降。
The Shizu replied, "Your memorial is received; you have set it out point by point once more. I have heard that Heaven bore the teeming people and set a lord over them, to echo Heaven's favor and shepherd the black-haired masses. Before Sheti and Heluo, beyond Lulu and Lilian, no written records survive and none can be named. From Banspring's martial fame to Danling's civil grace there have been people and altars—some claimed by song, some chosen by Heaven alone. I have suffered many family troubles; great shame is unavenged—national foes remain uncut, clan kin still refuse allegiance; I lie awake and sit for dawn—how could I answer the sacred calendar, how inherit the dragon chart? Only when war is ended, the guilty seized, and rites to Xia match Heaven may the coming deliberation be raised." At that time great rebels still lived; he did not wish to ascend yet, but urging memorials came from every quarter; he then ordered, "Dazhuang rides Qian, Mingyi folds its wings—the heavens turn again and again, the jade pitch-pipes shift repeatedly; the Four Peaks repeatedly urged succession, and the nine ministers in succession presented their tables. Qiao and Pei are not recovered, the imperial tombs lie far away—in waking and sleeping guilt weighs on me; what heart, what face could embrace this returning fortune? From now all memorials and submissions are cut off; if anyone presents a petition, copy this order and enforce it." That day rebel Minister of Works and Grand Commissioner of the Southeast Circuit Liu Shenmao, with Yitong Liu Guiyi and Liu Yiyou who came over in loyalty, submitted a memorial requesting surrender.
33
大寶三年，世祖猶稱太清六年。 正月甲戌，世祖下令曰：「軍國多虞，戎旃未靜，青領雖熾，黔首宜安。 時惟星鳥，表年祥於東秩； 春紀宿龍，歌歲取於南畯。 況三農務業，尚看夭桃敷水； 四人有令，猶及落杏飛花。 化俗移風，常在所急； 勸耕且戰，彌須自許。 豈直燕垂寒谷，積黍自溫，寧可墮此玄苗，坐飡紅粒，不植鷰頷，空候蟬鳴。 可悉深耕穊種，安堵復業，無棄民力，並分地利。 班勒州郡，咸使遵承。」 以智武將軍、南平內史王褒爲吏部尚書。
In Dabao 3 the Shizu still reckoned by Ta Qing 6. On jiaxu in the first month the Shizu ordered, "Army and state face many troubles and war banners are not yet still; though turmoil burns, the common people should be at peace. Now is the Star-Bird season, showing the year's auspice in the eastern order; spring marks the Azure Dragon, and the harvest song is taken from the southern fields; all the more when the three classes of farming are at work and young peaches still spread over the water; the four classes have their ordinances, and fallen apricot blossoms still fly. Transforming custom and shifting the wind—these are ever urgent; urging farming yet also fighting—this must be assured all the more. How could one merely hang like a swallow in a cold valley and warm oneself on piled grain—how could one let seedlings fall, sit eating stored grain, plant no summer crop, and wait empty for the cicada's song? All should deeply plow and sow fine seed, settle in peace and resume their trades, waste no labor, and share the land's benefits. Let this be proclaimed to the provinces and commanderies, and all obey it." Zhiwu General and Nanping interior administrator Wang Bao was made Minister of the Masters of Writing for Personnel.
34
二月，王僧辯衆軍發自尋陽。 世祖馳檄告四方曰：
In the second month Wang Senbian's armies set out from Xunyang. The Shizu sent a rapid proclamation to the four quarters, saying:
35
夫剝極生災，乃及龍戰，師貞終吉，方制獖豕。 豈不以侵陽盪薄，源之者亂階； 定龕艱難，成之者忠義。 故羿、澆滅於前，莽、卓誅於後。 是故使桓、文之勳，復興於周代； 溫、陶之績，彌盛於金行。 粵若梁興五十餘載，平壹宇內，德惠悠長，仁育蒼生，義征不服。 左伊右瀍，咸皆仰化； 濁涇清渭，靡不向風。 建翠鳳之旗，則六龍驤首； 擊靈鼉之鼓，則百神警肅。 風、牧、方、邵之賢，衛、霍、辛、趙之將，羽林黃頭之士，虎賁緹騎之夫，叱吒則風雲興起，鼓動則嵩、華倒拔。 自桐柏以北，孤竹以南，碣石之前，流沙之後，延頸舉踵，交臂屈膝。 胡人不敢牧馬，秦士不敢彎弓。 葉和萬邦，平章百姓，十堯九舜，曷足云也。
When stripping reaches its limit calamity is born and dragon-battle follows; an army firm at last is auspicious, and then the boar is mastered. Is it not that when yang is invaded and the balance shaken, the source of disorder arises? And that settling the niche of hardship is accomplished by loyalty and righteousness? Thus Yi and Jiao were destroyed in earlier ages, Wang Mang and Dong Zhuo executed in later times. Hence the achievements of Duke Huan and Duke Wen revived in the Zhou age; and the merit of Wen and Tao flourished all the more in the Jin line. Mark how for fifty years and more since Liang arose it unified the realm, virtue and grace long extended, nourishing the living with benevolence and punishing the unsubmissive with righteousness. From the Yi on the left to the Chan on the right, all looked up to its transforming power; muddy Jing and clear Wei—none failed to turn toward its wind. Raise the kingfisher banner, and six dragons toss their heads; strike the spirit drums, and a hundred spirits stand alert. Worthies like Feng and Mu, Fang and Shao; generals like Wei and Huo, Xin and Zhao; guards in feather cloaks and yellow caps, tiger garrison and brocade-courier men—at a shout wind and cloud rose; at a drumbeat Song and Hua were uprooted. From Tongbai north to Gushu south, before Jieshi and beyond the shifting sands, necks stretched and heels lifted, arms crossed and knees bent. The Hu did not dare pasture horses; Qin men did not dare bend bows. Harmony reached ten thousand states; the hundred clans were ordered—ten Yao and nine Shun, how could words suffice?
36
賊臣侯景，匈奴叛臣，鳴鏑餘噍。 懸瓠空城，本非國寶，壽春畿要，賞不逾月。 開海陵之倉，賑常平之米，檄九府之費，錫三官之錢，冒于貨賄，不知紀極。 敢興逆亂，梗我王畿。 賊臣正德，阻兵安忍。 日者結怨江羋，遠適單于。 簡牘屢彰，彭生之魂未弭； 聚斂無度，景卿之誚已及。 爲虎傅翼，遠相招致。 虔劉我生民，離散我兄弟。 我是以董率皋貔，躬擐甲胄，霜戈照日，則晨離奪暉，龍騎蔽野，則平原掩色，信與江水同流，氣與寒風俱憤。 凶醜畏威，委命下吏，乞活淮、肥，苟存徐、兗。 渙汗旣行，絲綸爰被。 我是以班師凱歸，休牛息馬。 賊猶不悛。 遂復矢流王屋，兵躔象魏。 總章之觀，非復聽訟之堂； 甘泉之宮，永乖避暑之地。 坐召憲司，臥制朝宰，矯託天命，偽作符書。 重增賦斂，肆意裒剝，生者逃竄，死者暴尸，道路以目，庶僚鉗口。 刑戮失衷，爵賞由心，老弱波流，士女塗炭。 臧獲之人，五宗及賞； 搢紳之士，三族見誅。 榖粟騰踴，自相吞噬。 惵惵黔首，路有銜索之哀； 蠢蠢黎民，家隕桓山之泣。 偃師南望，無復儲胥、露寒，河陽北臨，或有穹廬氈帳。 南山之竹，未足言其愆； 西山之兔，不足書其罪。
The rebel minister Hou Jing, a turncoat Xiongnu, the last snarl of a whistling arrow. Xuanguo was an empty city, never a national treasure; Shouchun a capital district—its reward did not last a month. He opened Hailing's granaries, dispensed Changping rice, drew on the nine treasuries' funds, bestowed the three offices' coin—greedy for bribes beyond all reckoning. He dared to raise rebellion and block our royal domain. The rebel minister Zhengde nourished troops and bore cruelty with ease. Lately he nursed grievance in the Yangtze marshes and fled far to the Xiongnu chieftain. His written pleas piled up, yet Peng Sheng's ghost was not stilled; his exactions knew no limit, and Jing Qing's reproach had already arrived. Giving a tiger wings, he summoned them from afar. He slaughtered our living people and scattered our kin. Therefore I led the strike-force and buckled on armor myself; when frost-bright spears lit the sun, morning light lost its gleam; when dragon cavalry blanketed the plain, the fields lost their color—my faith flowed with the river, my wrath rode with the cold wind. The foul enemy feared force and surrendered to low officials, begging life between Huai and Fei, clinging to existence in Xu and Yan. The imperial grace was announced, the silken edicts spread abroad. Therefore I withdrew the army in victory and let oxen and horses rest. The bandit still did not repent. Again arrows flew at the Royal House; troops pressed the Elephant Gate. The Zongzhang observatory was no longer the hall for hearing suits; the Ganquan palace forever lost its place of summer refuge. Sitting he summoned the judiciary; lying down he directed the chief ministers—counterfeiting Heaven's mandate, forging talisman writings. He doubled levies and stripped at will; the living fled, the dead lay exposed in the roads; men dared only look with their eyes, officials kept their mouths shut. Punishment lost its measure; ranks and rewards followed his whim; old and weak were swept like waves, gentlemen and women charred like coals. Menials won rewards reaching five generations; gentry were punished to the third degree. Grain soared in price; people devoured one another. The trembling black-headed people—wept on the roads as if led to the gallows; the numbed common folk—each household mourned like at Mount Huan. Looking south from Yanshi, no more Palace Storehouse or Cold Dew; gazing north from Heyang, perhaps only felt tents of the steppe. Bamboo of the southern mountains cannot suffice to record his crimes; rabbits of the western hills cannot supply ink enough for his guilt.
37
外監陳瑩之至，伏承先帝登遐，宮車晏駕。 奉諱驚號，五內摧裂，州冤本毒，無地容身。 景阻饑旣甚，民且狼顧，遂侵軼我彭蠡，憑凌我郢邑，窮據我江夏，掩襲我巴丘。 我是以義勇爭先，忠貞儘力。 斬馘凶渠，不可稱算，沙同赤岸，水若絳河。 任約泥首於安南，化仁面縛於漢口，子仙乞活於鄢郢，希榮敗績於柴桑。 侯景奔竄，十鼠爭穴，郭默清夷，晉熙附義，計窮力屈，反殺後主。 畢、原、禜、郇、並離禍患，凡、蔣、邢、茅，皆伏鈇鑕。 是可忍也，孰不可容！
When Outer Supervisor Chen Ying arrived, I learned with bowed head that the late emperor had ascended afar and the palace carriage had halted at dusk. Receiving the tabooed tidings I cried out in shock; my five viscera tore apart—grief rooted in the provinces, poison in the bone—nowhere to set my body. Jing's blockade and famine were extreme; the people looked back like wolves; he then overran our Poyang, towered over our Ying capital, seized our Jiangxia to the limit, and stormed our Baqiu. Therefore the righteous vied to lead and the loyal gave all their strength. The slain chieftains were beyond counting; sand was like the Red Bank, water like the Crimson River. Ren Yue bowed with muddy head at Annan; Hua Ren came bound at Hankou; Zi Xian begged life at Yan and Ying; Xi Rong was routed at Chaisang. Hou Jing fled in panic—ten rats fighting for one hole; Guo Mo was pacified, Jinxi came over in righteousness; when plots were spent and strength broken, he turned and killed the late sovereign. Bi, Yuan, Yu, and Xun—all suffered calamity; Fan, Jiang, Xing, and Mao—all bowed to the axe. If this can be borne, what cannot be endured!
38
幕府據有上流，實惟分陝，投袂荷戈、志在畢命。 昔周依晉、鄭，漢有虛、牟。 彼惟末屬，猶能如此； 況聯華日月，天下不賤，爲臣爲子，兼國兼家者哉！ 咸以義旗旣建，宜須總一，共推幕府，實用主盟。 粵以不佞，謬董連率，遠惟國艱，不遑寧處。 中權後勁，龔行天罰，提戈蒙險，隕越以之。 天馬千羣，長戟百萬，驅賁獲之士，資智勇之力，大楚逾荊山，淺原度彭蠡，舳艫泛水，以掎其南，輜軿委輸，以沖其北。 華夷百濮，贏糧影從。 雷震風駭，直指建業。 按劍而叱，江水爲之倒流； 抽戈而揮，皎日爲之退舍。 方駕長驅，百道俱入，夷山殄谷，充原蔽野。 挾輈曳牛之侶，拔距磔石之夫，騎則逐日追風，弓則吟猿落雁。 捧崑崙而壓卵，傾渤海而灌熒。 如駟馬之載鴻毛，若奔牛之觸魯縞。 以此衆戰，誰能御之！ 脫復蜂蠆有毒，獸窮則鬬。 謂山蓋高，則四郊多壘； 謂地蓋遠，則三千弗違。 如彼怒蛙，譬如鼷鼠，豈費萬鈞，無勞百溢。 加以日臨黃道，兵起絳宮，三門旣啓，五將咸發，舉整整之旗，掃亭亭之氣，故以臨機密運，非賊所解，奉義而誅，何罪不服？
The headquarters holds the upper stream, truly the covenant of Fen and Shan—sleeves thrown back, halberds shouldered, resolve set on giving the last breath. Long ago Zhou relied on Jin and Zheng; Han had Xu and Mou. They were but distant branches, yet could do as much; how much more we who share the glory of sun and moon—no one in the realm is base—both minister and son, with state and clan together! All agree that since the banner of righteousness is raised, unity is needed; we jointly uphold the headquarters as true arbiter. I, unworthy, am wrongly set as commander-in-chief; viewing the state's hardship from afar, I have no leisure to rest. The center holds authority, the rear supplies strength; we march with Heaven's punishment, lift spears through peril, and risk our lives in the doing. A thousand heavenly horses, a million long halberds—we drive warriors like Ben and Huo, draw on wisdom and courage; great Chu crosses Mount Jing, shallow plains ford Poyang; war-boats spread over the waters to pin the south, supply carts pour in to strike the north. Hua and Yi, the hundred Pu—carry grain and follow like shadows. Thunder shakes and wind storms; we aim straight for Jianye. Draw the sword and shout—the river rolls backward; fling out the spear—the bright sun steps aside. We race chariots in long advance; a hundred roads enter together; mountains are leveled, valleys filled—the plain is covered. Men who yoke chariots and drag oxen, men who leap and shatter stone—on horseback they chase sun and wind; with bows they drop crying apes and falling geese. They could hold Kunlun and crush an egg, tip Bohai and flood a lamp. Like four horses bearing a swan's down, like a running ox brushing Lu silk. With such a host to fight—who could withstand it! Even if bees and scorpions still had venom, beasts cornered would still fight— say the mountain is high, and ramparts ring the four suburbs; say the earth is vast, and none of three thousand leagues would stay away. Like that angry frog, like that harvest mouse—what need of ten thousand jun, what labor of a hundred yin? Add that the sun stands on the Yellow Way, troops rise in the Scarlet Palace; the three gates are open, five generals all deploy; we raise the banners of order and sweep the vapors of ill omen—thus we move in close concert at the moment of battle, beyond what rebels understand; punish in righteousness—what guilt would not submit?
39
今遣使持節、大都督、征東將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史、尚書令、長寧縣開國侯王僧辯率衆十萬，直掃金陵。 鳴鼓聒天，摐金振地。 朱旗夕建，如赤城之霞起； 戈船夜動，若滄海之奔流。 計其同惡，不盈一旅。 君子在野，小人比周。 何校滅耳，匪朝伊夕。 舂長狄之喉，系郅支之頸。 今司寇明罰，質釒夫所誅，止侯景而已。 黎元何辜，一無所問。 諸君或世樹忠貞，身荷寵爵，羽儀鼎族，書勳王府，俯眉猾豎，無由自效，豈不下慚泉壤，上愧皇天！ 失忠與義，難以自立。 想誠南風，乃眷西顧，因變立功，轉禍爲福。 有能縛侯景及送首者，封萬戶開國公，絹布五萬匹。 有能率動義衆，以應官軍，保全城邑，不爲賊用，上賞方伯，下賞剖符，並裂山河，以紆青紫。 昔由余入秦，禮同卿佐； 日磾降漢，且珥金貂。 必有其才，何卹無位。 若執迷不反，拒逆王師，大軍一臨，刑茲罔赦。 孟諸焚燎，芝艾俱盡； 宣房河決，玉石同沉。 信賞之科，有如皎日； 黜陟之制，事均白水。 檄布遠近，咸使知聞。
Now I send Bearer of Credentials, Grand Commander, General Who Conquers the East, Commissioner with rites equal to the Three Excellencies, Jiangzhou inspector, Director of the Masters of Writing, Marquis of Changning Wang Senbian leading one hundred thousand men to sweep Jinling directly. Drums deafen heaven; gongs shake the earth. Crimson banners rise at dusk like dawn-clouds over Redwall; At night the war boats stirred like the ocean rushing in flood. Counting their accomplices, they scarcely make a single brigade. The gentleman is in the wilds; petty men band together. The shackles will come off his ears—not a question of tomorrow or the day after. We will crush the Long Di's throat and tie the neck of Zhizhi. Now the minister of crime has made the penalty clear; the block awaits—only Hou Jing is to be executed. What guilt have the black-headed people? None will be questioned. Some of you have borne loyalty for generations, carried favor and rank, stood among the great clans, and had your deeds recorded in the royal house—yet you bowed to that knave and could not serve. Are you not ashamed before the dead below and Heaven above! Lose loyalty and righteousness and you cannot stand on your own. Trust the southern wind, look west again, turn change into merit and misfortune into blessing. Whoever captures Hou Jing and delivers his head shall receive a fief of ten thousand households as founding duke and fifty thousand bolts of silk and cloth. Whoever can rally righteous forces to join the imperial armies, hold cities and refuse the rebels—the highest reward is that of a regional lord, the lowest a split tally; all may receive fiefs and the purple sash. Long ago You Yu entered Qin and was honored like a chief minister; Jin Midi surrendered to Han and still wore the golden sable. If there is talent, why fear there is no office? If you persist in delusion and resist the royal armies, when the great host arrives punishment will know no pardon. When Mengzhu burned, mugwort and artemisia were consumed together; when the Xuanfang River broke, jade and stone sank together. The statute of faithful reward is bright as the noonday sun; the rule of demotion and promotion matches the clarity of Baishui. Let this proclamation go far and near so all may know.
40
三月，王僧辯等平侯景，傳其首于江陵。 戊子，以賊平告明堂、太社。 己丑，王僧辯等又奉表曰：
In the third month Wang Sengbian and others destroyed Hou Jing and forwarded his head to Jiangling. On wuzi day the victory over the rebels was reported to the Bright Hall and the Grand Soil altar. On jichou Wang Sengbian and others again submitted a memorial, saying,
41
衆軍以今月戊子總集建康。 賊景鳥伏獸窮，頻擊頻挫，姦竭詐盡，深溝自固。 臣等分勒武旅，百道同趣，突騎短兵，犀函鐵楯，結隊千羣，持戟百萬，止紂七步，圍項三重，轟然大潰，羣凶四滅。 京師少長，俱稱萬歲。 長安酒食，於此價高。 九縣雲開，六合清朗，矧伊黔首，誰不載躍！ 伏惟陛下咀痛茹哀，嬰憤忍酷。 自紫庭絳闕，胡塵四起，壖垣好畤，冀馬雲屯，泣血治兵，嘗膽誓衆。 而吳、楚一家，方與七國俱反； 管、蔡流言，又以三監作亂。 西涼義衆，阻強秦而不通； 幷州遺民，跨飛狐而見泯。 豺狼當路，非止一人； 鯨鯢不梟，倏焉五載。 英武克振，怨恥並雪，永尋霜露，如何可言！ 臣等輒依故實，奉脩社廟，使者持節，分告塋陵。 嗣后後升遐，龍輴未殯，承華掩曜，梓宮莫測，並卽隨由備辦，禮具凶荒。 四海同哀，六軍袒哭，聖情孝友，理當感慟。
The armies assembled at Jiankang on this day, wuzi. The rebel Jing, bird crouched and beast cornered, was struck again and again; treachery and deceit exhausted, he dug deep trenches to hold out. We divided the martial hosts; a hundred roads converged; swift horse and short blade, rhinoceros shield and iron pavis, ranks in thousands, spears in millions—we held the tyrant within seven paces and ringed Xiang in three folds; with a thunderous rout the villains were destroyed. Young and old in the capital all shouted ten thousand years. Chang'an's food and drink—here the price is high. The nine districts opened like clouds; the six realms grew clear—how much more the common people; who would not leap for joy! We consider that Your Majesty chews grief and swallows sorrow, bears rage and endures cruelty. Since dust rose at the crimson court and purple gates, since ramparts and Haozhi were overrun and Ji horses clouded the land, you have wept blood while arming troops and tasted gall while swearing the masses. Wu and Chu were one house, yet they rose with the seven states; Guan and Cai spread slander, and the three overseers rebelled as well. The righteous hosts of Western Liang were blocked by strong Qin and could not pass; the survivors of Bing province crossed Flying Fox and vanished. Wolves and jackals blocked the road—and not by one man alone; the whale and leviathan were not beheaded, and in a flash five years had passed. Heroic power has stirred; grievance and shame are both snowed under—yet to follow frost and dew, what words can tell it! We have therefore followed the old precedent, reverently repaired the altars of soil and grain, and sent envoys with credentials to announce at each tomb and mound. The late empress has ascended; the dragon carriage is not yet buried; the Eastern Palace light is hidden; the cedar palace cannot be found—all are being prepared along the route, the rites complete even in bitter famine. All within the seas mourn together; the six armies bare their shoulders and weep—Your Majesty's filial heart and brotherly love should rightly move you to anguish.
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日者，百司岳牧，祈仰宸鑒。 以錫珪之功，旣歸有道，當璧之禮，允屬聖明； 而優詔謙沖，窅然凝邈。 飛龍可躋，而《乾》爻在四； 帝閽云叫，而閶闔未開。 謳歌再馳，是用翹首。 所以越人固執，熏丹穴以求君； 周民樂推，諭岐山而事主。 漢王不卽位，無以貴功臣； 光武止蕭王，豈謂紹宗廟。 黃帝游於襄城，尚訪治民之道； 放勛入於姑射，猶使樽俎有歸。 伊此儻來，豈聖人所欲，帝王所應，不獲已而然。 伏讀璽書，尋諷制旨，顧懷物外，未奉慈衷。 陛下日角龍顏之姿，表於徇齊之日，彤雲素氣之瑞，基於應物之初。 博覽則大哉無所與名，深言則曄乎昭章之觀。 忠爲令德，孝實動天。 加以英威茂略，雄圖武算，指麾則丹浦不戰，顧眄則阪泉自盪。 地維絕而重紐，天柱傾而更植。 鑿河津於孟門，百川復啓； 補穹儀以五石，萬物再生。 縱陛下拂袗衣而游廣成，登＜山弇＞山而去東土，羣臣安得仰訴，兆庶何所歸仁。 況郊祀配天，罍篚禮曠，齋宮清廟，匏竹不陳，仰望鑾輿，匪朝伊夕，瞻言法駕，載渴且飢。 豈可久稽衆議，有曠彜則！ 舊郊旣復，函、雒已平。 高奴、櫟陽，宮館雖毀； 濁河清渭，佳氣猶存。 皋門有伉，甘泉四敞，土圭測景，仙人承露。 斯蓋九州之赤縣，六合之樞機。 博士捧圖書而稍還，太常定禮儀而已列。 豈得不揚清駕而赴名都，具玉鑾而游正寢！ 昔東周旣遷，鎬京遂其不復； 長安一亂，郟、洛永以爲居。 夏后以萬國朝諸侯，文王以六州匡天下。 跡基百里，劍杖三尺。 以殘楚之地，抗拒九戎； 一旅之師，剪滅三叛。 坦然大定，御輦東歸。 解五牛于冀州，秣六馬於譙郡。 緬求前古，其可得歟？ 對揚天命，何所讓德！ 有理存焉，敢重所奏。
Of late the hundred offices and mountain governors have looked up, praying for Your Majesty's clear gaze. The merit of granting the jade tally has already returned to the holder of the Way; the rite of receiving the royal tablet rightly belongs to the sage and bright— yet Your gracious edict remains humble and restrained, remote and still. The flying dragon may ascend, yet the Qian line still stands in the fourth place; the Gate of Heaven clamors, yet the great portal has not opened. Ballads race forth again—therefore we stretch our necks in hope. Thus the men of Yue held fast, smoking the cinnabar cave to seek a lord; the people of Zhou rejoiced in urging him on, explaining at Mount Qi that they would serve him as lord. If the King of Han did not take the throne, he could not exalt his meritorious ministers; if Guangwu had halted the Prince of Xiao, how could the ancestral temple have endured? The Yellow Emperor wandered at Xiangcheng yet still sought the way to govern the people; Emperor Yao entered Guye yet still kept feast and sacrifice in their proper place. Such chance arrival—surely not what the sage desired; what emperors and kings must do, they do only when they cannot refuse. We have read the imperial letter and traced the decree's intent—you still dwell beyond affairs and have not yet turned your compassionate heart to us. Your Majesty's sun-horn and dragon-brow appeared on the day you went forth in equal measure; the omen of crimson cloud and plain vapor took root from your first response to things. Read broadly and your greatness has no name; speak deeply and your brilliance shines like the manifest hall. Loyalty is the foremost virtue; filial piety truly stirs Heaven. Add heroic might and abundant strategy, bold design and martial calculation—at a gesture Dan Ford needs no battle; at a glance Banquan moves of itself. The earth's cord snapped and was knotted again; the heaven's pillar leaned and was planted upright once more. The river ford at Meng Gate was opened and the hundred streams ran again; the dome of heaven was mended with five stones and the myriad things were born again. Even if Your Majesty brushed the plain robe and wandered at Guangcheng, climbed Mount Yan and went east—how could your ministers plead, where would the masses turn for grace? Moreover, suburban sacrifice paired with Heaven, the altar vessels stand empty; the pure palace and clear temple lack pipe and bamboo—gazing up for the imperial carriage, not one morning or one evening; looking for the law chariot, thirsty and hungry together. How can you long delay the multitude's counsel and leave the constant statutes empty! The old suburban rites have returned; Hangu and Luoyang are already pacified. Gaonu and Liyang—palaces and lodges though ruined; the muddy Yellow River and clear Wei still breathe their auspicious air. The outer gate stands high; sweet springs open on four sides; the earth rod measures the shadow; the immortal receives dew. This is the red county of the nine provinces, the hinge of the six realms. Erudites bear the books and charts back by degrees; the Grand Master of Ceremonies has already set the rites in order. How can you fail to raise the clear carriage and go to the famed capital, fit the jade chariot and enter the proper palace! In old times when the Eastern Zhou moved east, Haojing was never regained; after one turmoil at Chang'an, Xie and Luo were forever made the seat. The Xia sovereign received the ten thousand states when the feudal lords came to court; King Wen with six provinces set the realm aright. His trace was rooted in a hundred li; his sword staff measured three feet. With the remnant lands of Chu he resisted the nine barbarians; with a single brigade he cut down three rebellions. The realm was broadly settled; the imperial carriage returned east. He unyoked five oxen at Jizhou and fed six horses at Qiao commandery. Search far back through antiquity—can such a thing be found? To answer and spread Heaven's mandate—what virtue remains to yield! Reason stands here; we dare press our memorial again.
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相國答曰：「省表，復具一二。 羣公卿士，億兆夷人，咸以皇天眷命，歸運所屬，用集寶位于予一人。 文叔金吾之官，事均往願； 孟德征西之位，且符前說。 今淮海長鯨，雖云授首； 襄陽短狐，未全革面。 太平玉燭，爾乃議之。」 辛卯，宣猛將軍朱買臣密害豫章嗣王棟，及其二弟橋、樛，世祖志也。
The Chancellor replied, "I have reviewed your memorial and set out the points again. Lords and ministers, the hundred million common people—all hold that Heaven favors the mandate and fortune's turn belongs here, gathering the precious throne upon this one man alone. Wen Shu's post as golden guard matched the old wish; Mengde's western campaign post likewise fits the earlier word. Now the long whale of Huai and sea has indeed lost his head; the short fox of Xiangyang has not yet fully turned his face. The jade candle of great peace—only then may we speak of it." On xinmao, Fierce Campaign General Zhu Maichen secretly killed Heir Prince Dong of Yuzhang and his younger brothers Qiao and Jiao—by Shizu's design.
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五月庚午，司空南平王恪及宗室王侯、大都督王僧辯等，復拜表上尊號，世祖猶固讓不受。 庚辰，以征南將軍、湘州刺史、司空南平嗣王恪爲鎮東將軍、揚州刺史，餘如故。 甲申，以尚書令、征東將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史王僧辯爲司徒、鎮衛將軍。 乙酉，斬賊左僕射王偉、尚書呂季略、少卿周石珍、舍人嚴亶於江陵市。 是日，世祖令曰：「君子赦過，著在周經； 聖人解網，聞之湯令。 自獫狁孔熾，長蛇薦食，赤縣阽危，黔黎塗炭，終宵不寐，志在雪恥。 元惡稽誅，本屬侯景； 王偉是其心膂，周石珍負背恩義，今並烹諸鼎鑊，肆之市朝。 但比屯邅寇擾，爲歲已積，衣冠舊貴，被逼偷生，猛士勳豪，和光苟免，凡諸惡侶，諒非一族。 今特闡以王澤，削以刑書，自太清六年五月二十日昧爽以前，咸使惟新。」 是月，魏遣太師潘樂、辛術等寇秦郡，王僧辯遣杜崱帥衆拒之。 以陳霸先爲征北大將軍、開府儀同三司、南徐州刺史。 是月，魏遣使賀平侯景。
On gengwu in the fifth month, Minister of Works Prince Ke of Nanping, the imperial clan princes, and Grand Commander Wang Sengbian again offered the exalted title; Shizu still firmly refused. On gengchen, Heir Prince Ke of Nanping, Bearer of the Staff for Pacifying the South, Xiangzhou inspector, and Minister of Works, was made General Who Pacifies the East and Yangzhou inspector; the rest unchanged. On jiashen, Director of the Masters of Writing, General Who Conquers the East, Bearer with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, and Jiangzhou inspector Wang Sengbian was made Minister Over the Masses and General Who Guards the Realm. On yiyou, the rebel Left Vice Director Wang Wei, Master of Writing Lü Jilue, Junior Minister Zhou Shizhen, and Attendant Yan Dan were executed in the Jiangling market. That day Shizu issued an order, "The gentleman pardons offenses—this is set forth in the Zhou canon; the sage loosens the net—we hear it in Tang's charge. Since the Xianyun burned fiercely and the long serpent fed and fed, the red land tottered and the black-headed people were smeared with charcoal—I could not sleep all night, my will fixed on washing away disgrace. The chief villain long overdue for punishment was Hou Jing alone; Wang Wei was his right hand; Zhou Shizhen betrayed received grace—now all are boiled in the cauldron and displayed at the market. Yet turmoil from recent raids has gone on for years; old nobles were driven to survive in hiding, bold men and meritorious heroes dimmed their light to escape; evil companions surely are not all of one kind. Now I open royal grace and cut back the penal statutes—from before dawn on the twentieth day of the fifth month of Taiqing 6, all are made new." That month Wei sent Grand Mentor Pan Le, Xin Shu, and others against Qin commandery; Wang Sengbian sent Du Kan with troops to resist. Chen Baxian was made Grand General Who Conquers the North, Bearer with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, and South Xuzhou inspector. That month Wei sent envoys to congratulate the defeat of Hou Jing.
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八月，蕭紀率巴、蜀大衆連舟東下，遣護軍陸法和屯巴峽以拒之。 兼通直散騎常侍、聘魏使徐陵於鄴奉表曰：
In the eighth month Xiao Ji led Ba and Shu forces chained in ships eastward; Protector-General Lu Fahe was sent to garrison Ba Gorge to resist. Acting Direct and Regular Palace Cavalry Attendant and envoy to Wei Xu Ling submitted at Ye a memorial that said,
46
臣聞封唐有聖，還承帝嚳之家； 居代惟賢，終纂高皇之祚。 無爲稱於革舄，至治表於垂衣，而撥亂反正，非聞前古。 至如金行重作，源出東莞； 炎運猶昌，枝分南頓。 豈得掩顯姓於軒轅，非才子于顓頊？ 莫不時因多難，俱繼神宗者也。 伏惟陛下，出《震》等於勛、華，明讓同於旦、奭。 握圖執鉞，將在御天，玉縢珠衡，先彰元后。 神祇所命，非惟太室之祥； 圖畫斯歸，何止堯門之瑞。 若夫大孝聖人之心，中庸君子之德，固以作訓生民，貽風多士。 一日二日，研覽萬機； 允文允武，包羅羣藝。 擬茲三大，賓是四門，歷試諸難，咸熙庶績，斯無得而稱也。
I have heard that when Tang of the fief had a sage, he still inherited Emperor Ku's house; when one dwelling in Dai alone was worthy, he at last succeeded to the Exalted Emperor's throne. Non-action was praised in changing the sandals; utmost governance showed in letting the robes hang—yet to quell disorder and restore the right was unheard in antiquity. Consider the Metal line renewed, its source in Dongguan; the Blaze fortune still flourishing, its branch at Nandun. How could one conceal a glorious surname at Yellow Emperor's time, or say he was no man of talent at Zhuanxu? All alike rose through many hardships and together succeeded the Divine Ancestor. I humbly consider that Your Majesty emerged from Thunder equal to Yu and Hua, your bright yielding the same as the Duke of Zhou and Duke of Shao. You hold the chart and battle-axe—you are about to mount Heaven; jade clasps and pearl measures already proclaim the chief consort. The spirits ordained this—not only the Grand Chamber's auspice; the charts and portraits point here—more than the marvel at Yao's gate alone. The great filial sage's heart and the balanced gentleman's virtue instruct the living and bequeath their wind to scholars. Day after day you study the myriad affairs of state; cultured and martial alike, embracing every art. You match the Three Great Ones and honor the Four Gates, tested through every hardship, every achievement bright—beyond full praise.
47
自無妄興暴，皇祚寖微，封狶脩蛇，行災中國，靈心所宅，下武其興，望紫極而長號，瞻丹陵而殞慟。 家冤將報，天賜黃鳥之旗； 國害宜誅，神奉玄狐之籙。 滕公擁樹，雄氣方嚴； 張繡交兵，風神彌勇。 忠誠冠於日月，孝義感於冰霜。 如霆如雷，如貔如虎，前驅效命，元惡斯殲。 旣掛膽於西州，方燃臍於東市。 蚩尤三冢，寧謂嚴誅？ 王莽千剸，非云明罰？ 青羌赤狄，同畀豺狼，胡服夷言，咸爲京觀。 邦畿濟濟，還見隆平； 宗廟愔愔，方承多福。 自氤氳渾沌之世，驪連、栗陸之君，卦起龍圖，文因鳥跡。 雲師火帝，非無戰陣之風，堯誓湯征，咸用干戈之道。 星躔東井，時破崤、潼； 雷震南陽，初平尋、邑。 未有援三靈之已墜，救四海之羣飛，赫赫明明，龔行天罰，如當今之盛者也。 於是卿雲似蓋，晨映姚鄉； 甘露如珠，朝華景寢。 芝房感德，咸出銅池； 蓂莢伺辰，無勞銀箭。 重以東漸玄菟，西逾白狼，高柳生風，扶桑盛日，莫不編名屬國，歸質鴻臚，荒服來賓，遐邇同福。 其文昭武穆，跗萼也如彼； 天平地成，功業也如此。 久應旁求掌故，諮詢天官，斟酌繁昌，經營高邑。 宗王啓霸，非勞陽武之侯； 清蹕無虞，何事長安之邸。 正應揚鑾旂以饗帝，仰鳳扆以承天，歷數在躬，疇與爲讓！ 去月二十日，兼散騎常侍柳暉等至鄴，伏承聖旨謙沖，爲而弗宰，或云涇陽未復，函谷無泥，旋駕金陵，方膺天眷。 愚謂大庭、少昊，非有定居； 漢祖、殷宗，皆無恒宅。 登封岱岳，猶置明堂； 巡狩章陵，時行司隸。 何必西瞻虎據，乃建王宮； 南望牛頭，方稱天闕。 抑又聞之：玄圭旣錫，蒼玉無陳，乃棫樸之愆期，非苞茅之不貢。 雲和之瑟，久廢甘泉； 孤竹之管，無聞方澤。 豈不懼歟！
Since Without Illusion rose in violence, the imperial fortune waned daily; the fief boar and winding serpent brought calamity through the central land. Where the numinous heart dwelt, the Martial Below arose; gazing at the purple pole he long lamented, looking toward the cinnabar mound he died in grief. House wrong was soon answered; Heaven bestowed the yellow-bird banner; national harm had to be punished; the spirits gave the dark-fox tally. Duke of Teng embraced the tree—his heroic spirit grew stern; Zhang Xiu met arms in battle—his fighting spirit grew bolder still. Loyalty outshone sun and moon; filial duty and righteousness moved frost and ice. Like thunder and lightning, like bear and tiger—the vanguard gave their lives and the chief villain fell. His guts already hung in the western prefecture; at the eastern market his navel burned. Three mounds for Chiyou—was that harsh punishment? A thousand cuts for Wang Mang—was that clear penalty? Green Qiang and red Di alike were cast to wolves; barbarian dress and alien speech all became execution mounds. The royal domain teems again—peaceful harvest returns; the ancestral temples murmur deep, ready to receive abundant blessing. From misty chaos, the lords of Lilian and Lulu; hexagrams rose from the dragon chart, writing from bird tracks. Cloud Master and Fire Emperor knew the wind of battle; Yao's oath and Tang's campaign both took up arms. When the star lodged in the Eastern Well, Xiao and Tong were broken; when thunder shook Nanyang, Xun and Yi were first pacified. Never was there one who shored up fallen spirits, rescued the four seas in flight, majestic and bright, inheriting Heaven's punishment—such splendor as today. Then auspicious clouds like canopies at dawn lit Yao's village; sweet dew like pearls at morning graced the scenic hall. Spirit fungus sensed virtue and all emerged from the bronze pool; the caltrop-leaf plant marked the hours—no need for silver clepsydra rods. East to Xuantu, west beyond White Wolf, where high willows bring wind and Fusang holds the full sun—all registered as tributaries, sent pledges to the Grand Herald Office; distant realms came as guests, near and far in one blessing. His civil splendor and martial reverence, root and calyx entwined; Heaven level, earth complete—his achievement the same. Long ago historians should have been sought at his side, celestial officers consulted, Fanchang weighed, Gaoyi laid out. An imperial prince opens hegemony—no need for Yangwu's marquis; the cleared road needs no worry—why trouble the lodge at Chang'an? He should raise the imperial entourage banner to feast the Emperor, look up to the phoenix screen to receive Heaven—the succession is on his person; who could share in yielding! On the twentieth of last month Acting Regular Cavalry Attendant Liu Hui and others reached Ye; I humbly received the sacred will of modest restraint, governing yet not ruling—or it was said Jingyang was not yet recovered, Tong Pass had no mud, and you would soon turn your carriage to Jinling and receive Heaven's favor. I foolishly think the Grand Hall and Shaohao had no fixed dwelling; the Han Ancestor and Yin Founder likewise had no permanent seat. Even mounting Feng on Mount Tai, they still set up the Bright Hall; even touring Zhangling, they at times exercised the Metropolitan Intendant office. Why look west to the tiger's hold before building the royal palace; or south to Ox Head before naming the celestial gate? Moreover I have heard: once the black gui was granted, blue jade went unlaid—this was a missed season for oaken faggots, not failure to offer bundled thatch. The Yunhe zither long lay idle at Sweet Springs; the Guzhu pipes had not sounded at the square marsh altar. Should one not fear!
48
伏願陛下因百姓之心，拯萬邦之命。 豈可逡巡固讓，方求石戶之農； 高謝君臨，徒引箕山之客！ 未知上德之不德，惟見聖人之不仁。 率士翹翹，蒼生何望！ 昔蘇季、張儀，違鄉負俗，尚復招三方以事趙，請六國以尊秦。 況臣等顯奉皇華，親承朝命，珪璋特達，通聘河陽，貂珥雍容，尋盟漳水，加牢貶館，隨勢汙隆，瞻望鄉關，誠均休戚。 但輕生不造，命與時乖。 忝一介之行人，同三危之遠擯。 承閒內殿，事絕耿弇之恩； 封奏邊城，私等劉琨之哭。 不勝區區之至，謹拜表以聞。
I humbly pray Your Majesty will follow the people's hearts and rescue the mandate of ten thousand states. How can you linger in obstinate yielding and seek the farmer of Stone Door; loftily decline to rule and only summon the guest of Mount Ji! One will not know supreme virtue is without virtue—one will only see the sage is without humaneness. All the land cranes upward—what hope remains for the black-headed people! Of old Su Qin and Zhang Yi defied hometown and custom, yet still rallied three regions for Zhao and asked six states to honor Qin. How much more we, plainly bearing the imperial radiance, personally receiving the court's command—jade tablet and scepter expressly sent, ties opened at Heyang; sable cap and ear-insignia in dignity, alliances traced at Zhang River—we were doubled in our lodgings or lowered with the times, yet gazing toward home, our joy and grief were truly one. Yet my slight life was ill-fated; fate crossed the times. I disgracefully rank as a lone courier, banished as far as the Three Perils. Granted leisure in the inner hall, I lacked even Geng Yan's grace; sealed memorials at the border fortress, I privately echoed Liu Kun's weeping. Unable to bear this trifling utmost, I respectfully submit this memorial.
49
九月甲戌，司空、鎮東將軍、揚州刺史南平王恪薨。
On jiaxu in the ninth month, Minister Over the Masses, General Who Conquers the East, and Yangzhou inspector Prince Ke of Nanping died.
50
冬十月乙未，前梁州刺史蕭循自魏至于江陵，以循爲平北將軍、開府儀同三司。 戊申，執湘州刺史王琳於殿內，琳副將殷晏下獄死。 辛酉，以子方略爲湘州刺史。 庚戌，琳長史陸納及其將潘烏累等舉兵反，襲陷湘州。 是月，四方征鎮王公卿士復勸世祖卽尊號，猶謙讓未許。 表三上，乃從之。
In winter, the tenth month, on yiwei, former Liangzhou inspector Xiao Xun came from Wei to Jiangling; Xun was made General Who Pacifies the North and Bearer with honors equal to the Three Excellencies. On wushen, Xiangzhou inspector Wang Lin was seized in the palace; Lin's deputy Yin Yan was cast into prison and died. On xinyou, Fanglue was made Xiangzhou inspector. On gengxu, Lin's chief clerk Lu Na and his generals Pan Wulei and others rose in arms, raided and seized Xiangzhou. That month commanders, princes, and officials again urged Shizu to take the imperial throne; he still modestly refused. After three submissions he at last assented.
51
承聖元年冬十一月丙子，世祖卽皇帝位於江陵。 詔曰：「夫樹之以君，司牧黔首。 帝堯之心，豈貴黃屋，誠弗獲已而臨蒞之。 朕皇祖太祖文皇帝積德岐、梁，化行江、漢，道映在田，具瞻斯屬。 皇考高祖武皇帝明並日月，功格區宇，應天從民，惟睿作聖。 太宗簡文皇帝地侔啓、誦，方符文、景。 羯寇憑陵，時難孔棘。 朕大拯橫流，克復宗社。 羣公卿士、百辟庶僚，咸以皇靈眷命，歸運斯及，天命不可以久淹，宸極不可以久曠。 粵若前載，憲章令範，畏天之威，算隆寶曆，用集神器于予一人。 昔虞、夏、商、周，年無嘉號，漢、魏、晉、宋，因循以久。 朕雖云撥亂，且非創業，思得上繫宗祧，下惠億兆。 可改太清六年爲承聖元年。 逋租宿責，並許弘貸； 孝子義孫，可悉賜爵； 長徒鏁士，特加原宥； 禁錮奪勞，一皆曠盪。」 是日世祖不升正殿，公卿陪列而已。 丁丑，以平北將軍、開府儀同三司蕭循爲驃騎將軍、湘州刺史，餘如故。 己卯，立王太子方矩爲皇太子，改名元良。 立皇子方智爲晉安郡王，方略爲始安郡王。 追尊所生妣阮脩容爲文宣太后。 是月，陸納遣將潘烏累等攻破衡州刺史丁道貴於淥口，道貴走零陵。
On bingzi in the eleventh month of winter, Chengsheng 1, Shizu took the throne at Jiangling. An edict said, "To set up a ruler is to shepherd the people. Emperor Yao's heart did not prize the yellow canopy; he truly could not refuse, and so came to rule. Our imperial grandfather the Literary Emperor accumulated virtue in Qi and Liang; his transforming influence ran through the Jiang and Han; his Way shone in the fields and all looked to him. Our imperial father Gaozu the Martial Emperor matched sun and moon, his merit reaching the realms; he followed Heaven and the people with sagely judgment. Taizong Jianwen matched Qi and Song, was patterned on Wen and Jing. The Jie invader leaned on arms; the age's hardship was extreme. We greatly rescued the drifting flood and recovered the ancestral altars. All dukes, officials, and the hundred bureaus hold that the imperial spirit favors the mandate and fortune has arrived—Heaven's mandate cannot long be delayed, the throne cannot long stand empty. Looking to former records and statute models, in awe of Heaven's might we count the lofty calendar and gather the sacred vessel on this lone person. Of old Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou had no fine era names; Han, Wei, Jin, and Song followed along a long while. Though we speak of quelling disorder, it is not founding anew; we seek to link above to the ancestral shrine and below to bless the hundred millions. Taiqing 6 may be changed to Chengsheng 1. Arrears of rent and old debts may all be remitted broadly; filial sons and righteous grandsons may all receive noble rank; long-term convicts in chains may specially be pardoned; forbidden-service penalties and seized labor may all be wholly cleared." That day Shizu did not ascend the main hall; only the dukes and officials stood in attendance. On dingchou, General Who Pacifies the North Xiao Xun, Opening Office Equal in Three Departments, was made Grand General of Fast Cavalry and Xiangzhou inspector, retaining his other posts. On jimao, Crown Prince Fang Ju was installed as crown prince and took the name Yuanliang. The princes Fang Zhi and Fang Lue were made Prince of Jin'an and Prince of Shian commanderies. His birth mother Honored Consort Ruan was posthumously titled Empress Wenxuan. That month Lu Na sent Pan Wulei and other generals to break Hengzhou inspector Ding Daogui at Lukou; Daogui fled to Lingling.
52
十二月壬子，陸納分兵襲巴陵，湘州刺史蕭循擊破之。 是月，營州刺史李洪雅自零陵率衆出空靈灘，將下討納，納遣將吳藏等襲破洪雅，洪雅退守空靈城。
On renzi in the twelfth month Lu Na detached troops against Baling; Xiangzhou inspector Xiao Xun routed them. That month Yingzhou inspector Li Hongya marched from Lingling through Kongling Ford to attack Na from below; Na sent Wu Zang and others to strike him down, and Hongya fell back on Kongling.
53
二年春正月乙丑，詔王僧辯率衆軍士討陸納。 戊寅，以吏部尚書王褒爲尚書右僕射，劉瑴爲吏部尚書。 西魏遣大將尉遲迥襲益州。
On yichou in the first month of spring, year 2, an edict ordered Wang Sengbian to take the armies against Lu Na. On wuyin, Minister of Civil Appointments Wang Bao became Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and Liu Yan became Minister of Civil Appointments. Western Wei sent Grand General Yuchi Jiong against Yi Province.
54
三月庚午，詔曰：「食乃民天，農爲治本，垂之千載，貽諸百王，莫不敬授民時，躬耕帝籍。 是以稼穡爲寶，《周頌》嘉其樂章； 禾麥不成，魯史書其方册。 秦人有農力之科，漢氏開屯田之利。 頃歲屯否，多難荐臻，干戈不戢，我則未暇。 廣田之令，無聞於郡國； 載師之職，有陋於官方。 今元惡殄殲，海內方一，其大庇黔首，庶拯橫流。 一廛曠務，勞心日仄； 一夫廢業，舄鹵無遺。 國富刑清，家給民足。 其力田之身，在所蠲免。 外卽宣勒，稱朕意焉。」 辛未，李洪雅以空靈城降賊，賊執之而歸。 初，丁道貴走零陵投洪雅，洪雅使收餘衆。 與之俱降。 洪雅旣降賊，賊乃害道貴。 丙子，賊將吳藏等帥兵據車輪。 庚寅，有兩龍見湘州西江。
On gengwu in the third month an edict said, "Food is the people's heaven and farming the root of rule; for a thousand years the hundred kings have handed this down—none failed to grant the seasons and plow the imperial fields themselves. Grain was treasure, and the Zhou Odes sing its hymns; when grain and wheat failed, the Lu chronicle entered it in the registers. Qin graded men by farming strength; Han opened the profit of frontier colonies. In recent years the times turned hard, calamities followed one another, and war never ceased—I had no leisure for this. Orders to open more land were not heard in the commanderies; the Agricultural Master's office had grown shabby in the official ranks. Now the great evil is destroyed and the realm is one; let the common people be sheltered broadly and the adrift multitude saved. One hamlet idle grieves the heart from dawn to dusk; one man's trade abandoned—and even the salt marshes have nothing left. Let the state be rich and punishments clear, households full and the people at ease. All who labor in the fields shall be exempted in their districts. Proclaim this abroad at once, as my will. On xinwei Li Hongya surrendered Kongling to the rebels; they seized him and carried him off. Earlier Ding Daogui had fled to Lingling and sought Hongya, who ordered the remnant troops collected. The two surrendered together. Once Hongya had surrendered, the rebels killed Daogui. On bingzi rebel generals Wu Zang and others took Chelun with their troops. On gengyin two dragons appeared on Xiang Province's western river.
55
夏四月丙申，僧辯軍次車輪。
On bingshen in the fourth month of summer Sengbian's army camped at Chelun.
56
五月甲子，衆軍攻賊，大破之。 乙丑，僧辯軍至長沙。 甲戌，尉遲迥進逼巴西，潼州刺史楊虔運以城降，納迥。 己丑，蕭紀軍至西陵。
On jiazi in the fifth month the armies attacked the rebels and broke them completely. On yichou Sengbian's army arrived at Changsha. On jiaxu Yuchi Jiong advanced on Baxi; Tongzhou inspector Yang Qianyun surrendered the city to him. On jichou Xiao Ji's army came to Xiling.
57
六月乙卯，湘州平。 是月，尉遲迥圍益州。
On yimao in the sixth month Xiang Province was pacified. That month Yuchi Jiong besieged Yi Province.
58
秋七月辛未，巴人苻升、徐子初斬賊城主公孫晁，舉城來降。 紀衆大潰，遇兵死。 乙未，王僧辯班師江陵，詔諸軍各還所鎮。
On xinwei in the seventh month of autumn the Ba men Fu Sheng and Xu Zichu slew the rebel commandant Gongsun Chao and offered up the city. Ji's forces collapsed; whoever met the army died. On yiwei Wang Sengbian led the army back to Jiangling, and an edict sent the hosts to their posts.
59
八月戊戌，尉遲迥陷益州。 庚子，詔曰：「夫爰始居毫，不廢先王之都； 受命于周，無改舊邦之頌。 頃戎旃旣息，關柝無警。 去魯興嘆，有感宵分，過沛殞涕，實勞夕寐。 仍以瀟、湘作亂，庸、蜀阻兵，命將授律，指期克定。 今八表乂清，四郊無壘，宜從青蓋之典，言歸白水之鄉。 江、湘委輸，方船連舳，巴峽舟艦，精甲百萬，先次建鄴，行實京師，然後六軍遄征，九旂揚旆，拜謁塋陵，脩復宗社。 主者詳依舊典，以時宣勒。」
On wuxu in the eighth month Yuchi Jiong captured Yi Province. On gengzi an edict said, "From the first settlement at Bo the former kings' capital was not cast aside; receiving Zhou's mandate, the old realm's praise was not changed. Lately the war banners have ceased and the frontier passes are unalarmed. Leaving Lu one sighs, stirred even at midnight; passing Pei one weeps, kept awake through the night. Yet the Xiao and Xiang still rose, Yong and Shu still bore arms; commanders were named, laws issued, and a day fixed for victory. Now the eight directions are at peace and the four suburbs have no walls; we should follow the rite of the green canopy and speak of returning to the white-water homeland. Jiang and Xiang will send grain by linked convoys; Ba Gorge fleets and a million armored men will first reach Jianye to show the capital, then the six armies will march, nine banners rise, to bow at the tombs and restore the altars. Let the responsible offices follow the old statutes in detail and proclaim this in season."
60
九月庚午，司徒王僧辯旋鎮。 丙子，以護軍將軍陸法和爲郢州刺史。 乙酉，以晉安王方智爲江州刺史。 是月，魏遣郭元建治舟師於合肥，又遣大將邢杲遠、步六汗薩、東方老率衆會之。
On gengwu in the ninth month Minister Over the Masses Wang Sengbian returned to his post. On bingzi Protector-General Lu Fahe was made Yingzhou inspector. On yiyou Prince Fang Zhi of Jin'an was made Jiangzhou inspector. That month Wei sent Guo Yuanjian to ready ships at Hefei, and Grand Generals Xing Guoyuan, Buluohan Sa, and Dongfang Lao with armies to join him.
61
冬十一月辛酉，僧辨次于姑孰，卽留鎮焉。 遣豫州刺史侯瑱據東關壘，征吳興太守裴之橫帥衆繼之。 戊戌，以尚書右僕射王褒爲尚書左僕射，湘東太守張綰爲尚書右僕射。
On xinyou in the eleventh month of winter Sengbian camped at Gushu and stayed to garrison it. He sent South Yu inspector Hou Tian to hold the Dongguan fort and called Wuxing administrator Pei Zhiheng with troops to follow. On wuxu Right Vice Director Wang Bao became Left Vice Director, and Xiangdong administrator Zhang Gun became Right Vice Director.
62
十二月，宿預土民東方光據城歸化，魏江西州郡皆起兵應之。
In the twelfth month Dongfang Guang of Suyu, a local leader, held the city and came over; Wei's Jiangxi districts all rose in response.
63
三年春正月甲午，加南豫州刺史侯瑱征北將軍、開府儀同三司。 陳霸先帥衆攻廣陵城。 秦州刺史嚴超達自秦郡圍涇州，侯瑱、張彪出石梁，爲其聲援。 辛丑，陳霸先遣晉陵太守杜僧明率衆助東方光。
On jiawu in the first month of spring, year 3, South Yu inspector Hou Tian was promoted to General Who Pacifies the North and Opening Office Equal in Three Departments. Chen Baxian led his army against Guangling. Qinzhou inspector Yan Chaoda besieged Jingzhou from Qin commandery; Hou Tian and Zhang Biao marched out through Shiliang in support. On xinchou Chen Baxian sent Jinling administrator Du Sengming with troops to aid Dongfang Guang.
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三月甲辰，以司徒王僧辯爲太尉、車騎大將軍。 丁未，魏遣將王球率衆七百攻宿預，杜僧明逆擊，大破之。 戊申，以護軍將軍、郢州刺史陸法和爲司徒。
On jiachen in the third month Minister Over the Masses Wang Sengbian was made Grand Marshal and General of Chariots and Cavalry. On dingwei Wei sent General Wang Qiu with seven hundred men against Suyu; Du Sengming met them and broke them completely. On wushen Protector-General and Yingzhou inspector Lu Fahe was made Minister Over the Masses.
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夏四月癸酉，以征北大將軍、開府儀同三司陳霸先爲司空。
On guiyou in the fourth month of summer General Who Pacifies the North Chen Baxian, Opening Office Equal in Three Departments, was made Minister of Works.
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六月壬午，魏復遣將步六汗薩率衆救涇州。 癸未，有黑氣如龍，見于於殿內。
On renwu in the sixth month Wei again sent General Buluohan Sa with an army to relieve Jingzhou. On guiwei black qi like a dragon appeared inside the palace hall.
67
秋七月甲辰，以都官尚書宗懍爲吏部尚書。
On jiachen in the seventh month of autumn Director of the Ministry of Justice Zong Lin was made Minister of Civil Appointments.
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九月辛卯，世祖於龍光殿述《老子》義，尚書左僕射王褒爲執經。 乙巳，魏遣其柱國萬紐于謹率大衆來寇。
On xinmao in the ninth month Shizu lectured on the Laozi at Dragon Light Hall; Left Vice Director Wang Bao held the text. On yisi Wei sent Pillar of State Wan Niuyu Jin with a great army against us.
69
冬十月丙寅，魏軍至于襄陽，蕭詧率衆會之。 丁卯，停講，內外戒嚴，輿駕出行都柵。 是日，大風拔木，丙子，徵王僧辯等軍。
On bingyin in the tenth month of winter the Wei army reached Xiangyang; Xiao Cha joined it with his forces. On dingmao teaching stopped; court and camp were armed, and the emperor went out to the capital stockade. That day a great wind tore up trees; on bingzi Wang Sengbian and other armies were summoned.
70
十二月丙辰，徐世譜、任約退戍巴陵。 辛未，西魏害世祖，遂崩焉，時年四十七。 太子元良、始安王方略皆見害。 乃選百姓男女數萬口，分爲奴婢，驅入長安； 小弱者皆殺之。 明年四月，追尊爲孝元皇帝，廟曰世祖。
On bingchen in the twelfth month Xu Shipu and Ren Yue pulled back from Baling. On xinwei Western Wei killed Shizu, and he died at forty-seven. Crown Prince Yuanliang and Prince Fang Lue of Shian were both slain. Then tens of thousands of men and women of the people were taken, divided into slaves and maidservants, and driven to Chang'an; the small and weak were all put to death. In the fourth month of the next year he was posthumously titled Emperor Xiaoyuan, temple name Shizu.
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世祖聰悟俊朗，天才英發。 年五歲，高祖問：「汝讀何書？」 對曰：「能誦《曲禮》。」 高祖曰：「汝試言之。」 卽誦上篇，左右莫不驚嘆。 初生患眼，高祖自下意治之，遂盲一目，彌加愍愛。 旣長好學，博綜羣書，下筆成章，出言爲論，才辯敏速，冠絕一時。 高祖嘗問曰：「孫策昔在江東，于時年幾？」 答曰：「十七。」 高祖曰：「正是汝年。」 賀革爲府諮議，敕革講《三禮》。 世祖性不好聲色，頗有高名，與裴子野、劉顯、蕭子雲、張纘及當時才秀爲布衣之交，著述辭章，多行於世。 在尋陽，夢人曰：「天下將亂，王必維之。」 又背生黑子，巫媼見曰：「此大貴兆，當不可言。」 初，賀革西上，意甚不悅，過別御史中丞江革，以情告之。 革曰：「吾嘗夢主上遍見諸子，至湘東王，手脫帽授之。 此人后必當璧，卿其行乎！」 革從之。 及太清之難，乃能克復，故遐邇樂推，遂膺寶命矣。 所著《孝德傳》三十卷，《忠臣傳》三十卷，《丹陽尹傳》十卷。 《注漢書》一百一十五卷，《周易講疏》十卷，《內典博要》一百卷，《連山》三十卷，《洞林》三卷，《玉韜》十卷，《補闕子》十卷，《老子講疏》四卷，《全德志》、《懷舊志》、《荊南志》、《江州記》、《貢職圖》、《古今同姓名錄》一卷，《筮經》十二卷，《式贊》三卷，文集五十卷。
Shizu was clever, handsome, and quick, with a heaven-sent brilliance. At five the Gaozu asked, "What book are you reading?" He answered, "I can recite the Record of Rites." The Gaozu said, "Recite some for me." He recited the first section at once, and all around were astonished. Born with an eye ailment, the Gaozu treated it himself, yet one eye was left blind—and his affection only deepened. Grown, he loved study, mastered many books, wrote at a stroke and spoke in reasoned discourse—none in his time matched his quick wit. The Gaozu once asked, "Sun Ce on the Jiangdong—how old was he?" He answered, "Seventeen." The Gaozu said, "That is just your age." He Ge was staff adviser; the emperor ordered He Ge to lecture on the Three Rites. Shizu cared little for music and women; he had a high name, and with Pei Ziye, Liu Xian, Xiao Ziyun, Zhang Zuan, and the day's finest men he kept friendships in plain dress; his writings circulated widely. At Xunyang he dreamed a man said, "The realm will fall into chaos—you, King, must steady it." A black mole grew on his back; a shaman woman said, "This is a mark of supreme nobility—it must not be told." Earlier He Ge went west in deep displeasure; stopping to bid farewell to Censor-in-Chief Jiang Ge, he confided his mind. Jiang Ge said, "I once dreamed the emperor saw all his sons; at the Prince of Xiangdong he removed his cap and gave it to him. This man will surely take the throne—you should go!" He Ge took his advice. When the Taiqing disaster struck, he alone could restore the land—so near and far acclaimed him, and he received the throne. He wrote Records of Filial Virtue in thirty juan, Records of Loyal Ministers in thirty juan, and Records of the Danyang Intendant in ten juan. He also wrote Commentary on the Han History in 115 juan, Exegesis of the Changes in 10 juan, Essentials of the Inner Canon in 100 juan, Linked Mountains in 30 juan, Cavern Forest in 3 juan, Jade Sheath in 10 juan, Supplement to the Missing Master in 10 juan, Exegesis of the Laozi in 4 juan, Records of Complete Virtue, Records of Old Friends, Records of Jingnan, Records of Jiang Province, Tribute Duties Illustrated, Register of Identical Names Ancient and Modern in 1 juan, Classic of Divination in 12 juan, Praise of Forms in 3 juan, and collected works in 50 juan.
72
史臣曰：梁季之禍，巨寇憑壘，世祖時位長連率，有全楚之資，應身率羣后，枕戈先路。 虛張外援，事異勤王，在於行師，曾非百舍。 後方殲夷大憝，用寧宗社，握圖南面，光啓中興，亦世祖雄才英略，紹茲寶運者也。 而稟性猜忌，不隔疏近，御下無術，履冰弗懼，故鳳闕伺晨之功，火無內照之美。 以世祖之神睿特達，留情政道，不怵邪說，徙蹕金陵，左鄰強寇，將何以作？ 是以天未悔禍，盪覆斯生，悲夫！ [1]
The historiographer says: In the disaster of the Liang season a great robber held his fortress; Shizu then stood as chief regional commander with the whole strength of Chu—he should have led the feudal lords himself, spear at bedside, on the foremost road. He trumpeted outside aid that was not real; his campaign was not true rescue of the throne; on the march he did not even go a hundred stops. Only later did he destroy the great villain and settle the realm; turning south to rule, he opened a restoration—a credit to Shizu's ability and strategy and to the mandate he inherited. Yet he was suspicious by nature, alike toward kin near and far, inept with subordinates, reckless on thin ice—so the merit of watching dawn at the Phoenix Tower showed fire without inner light. For all Shizu's brilliance and care for government, his refusal to heed bad counsel, and the move of the court to Jinling with strong foes beside him—what could he achieve? So Heaven had not yet turned from calamity, and ruin engulfed his reign—alas! [1] Editorial footnote marker.
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全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Liang (May 1973).