1
梁書卷第九列傳第三
Book of Liang, Volume Nine, Biographies, Third
2
王茂曹景宗柳慶遠
Wang Mao; Cao Jingzong; Liu Qingyuan
3
王茂，字休遠，太原祁人也。 祖深，北中郎司馬。 父天生，宋末爲列將，於石頭克司徒袁粲，以勳至巴西、梓潼二郡太守，上黃縣男。
Wang Mao, styled Xiuyuan, came from Qi in Taiyuan commandery. His grandfather Shen served as major to the Northern Central Commandant. His father Tiansheng, a ranked general in late Song, took Shitou and defeated Minister over the Masses Yuan Can; for merit he became administrator of Brazil and Zitong and was made Marquis of Shanghuang district.
4
茂年數歲，爲大父深所異，常謂親識曰：「此吾家之千里駒，成門戶者必此兒也。」 及長，好讀兵書，駁略究其大旨。 性沈隱，不妄交遊，身長八尺，潔白美容觀。 齊武帝布衣時，見之歎曰：「王茂年少，堂堂如此，必爲公輔之器。」
While Mao was still a child, his grandfather Shen singled him out and often told friends: "This boy is our thousand-li colt—the one who will uphold our house." When he came of age he loved military texts and broadly mastered their essentials. Reserved by nature, he made no casual friendships; eight chi tall, fair and striking in looks. Before Emperor Wu of Qi took the throne, he saw Mao and sighed: "So young, yet so imposing—he will surely reach the highest offices."
5
宋昇明末，起家奉朝請，歷後軍行參軍，司空騎兵，太尉中兵參軍。 魏將李烏奴寇漢中，茂受詔西討。 魏軍退，還爲鎮南司馬，帶臨湘令。 入爲越騎校尉。 魏寇兗州，茂時以寧朔將軍長史鎮援北境，入爲前軍將軍江夏王司馬。 又遷寧朔將軍、江夏內史。 建武初，魏圍司州，茂以郢州之師救焉。 高祖率衆先登賢首山，魏將王肅、劉昶來戰，茂從高祖拒之，大破肅等。 魏軍退，茂還郢，仍遷輔國長史、襄陽太守。
At the end of Song's Shengming era he began as Attendant at Court, then served as Rear Army aide, Minister of Works cavalry officer, and Central Commandant's army aide. When the Wei general Li Wunu raided Hanzhong, Mao was ordered west to attack him. After the Wei withdrew he became Pacify the South major, also serving as magistrate of Linxiang. He then entered court as Colonel of Agile Cavalry. When Wei struck Yanzhou, Mao was chief clerk to the General Who Pacifies the North on the northern frontier; he then entered court as major to the Front Army General and Prince of Jiangxia. He was again made General Who Pacifies the North and interior administrator of Jiangxia. Early in Jianwu the Wei besieged Sizhou, and Mao led Yingzhou troops to its relief. Gaozu led the army up Xianshou Mountain first; when Wei generals Wang Su and Liu Chang attacked, Mao followed Gaozu and routed them. The Wei withdrew; Mao returned to Ying and was made Support-the-State chief clerk and administrator of Xiangyang.
6
高祖義師起，茂私於張弘策，勸高祖迎和帝，高祖以爲不然，語在《高祖紀》。 高祖發雍部，每遣茂爲前驅。 師次郢城，茂進平加湖，破光子衿、吳子陽等，斬馘萬計，還獻捷于漢川。 郢、魯旣平，從高祖東下，復爲軍鋒。 師次秣陵，東昏遣大將王珍國，盛兵朱雀門，衆號二十萬，度航請戰。 茂與曹景宗等會擊，大破之。 縱兵追奔，積屍與航欄等，其赴淮死者，不可勝算。 長驅至宣陽門。 建康城平，以茂爲護軍將軍，俄遷侍中、領軍將軍。 羣盜之燒神虎門也，茂率所領到東掖門應赴，爲盜所射，茂躍馬而進，羣盜反走。 茂以不能式遏姦盜，自表解職，優詔不許。 加鎮軍將軍，封望蔡縣公，邑二千三百戶。
When Gaozu raised the righteous army, Mao privately urged Zhang Hongce to have Gaozu welcome Emperor He; Gaozu disagreed, as told in the Annals of Gaozu. Whenever Gaozu marched out of Yong, he sent Mao ahead as vanguard. At Ying city Mao advanced to pacify Jiahu, defeated Guangziqin and Wu Ziyang, took tens of thousands of heads, and returned to report victory at Hanchuan. Once Ying and Lu were pacified, he followed Gaozu east and again led the van. At Moling, Dong Hun sent Grand General Wang Zhenguo with a host said to number two hundred thousand at Zhuque Gate; they crossed the floating bridge and offered battle. Mao joined Cao Jingzong and others in a combined strike and routed them. He drove the pursuit until corpses stood level with the bridge rails; the dead in the Huai were beyond counting. The army swept on to Xuanyang Gate. After Jiankang fell, Mao was made Guard Army General, then soon Palace Attendant and Army Inspector General. When bandits burned Divine Tiger Gate, Mao rushed his men to East Yiji Gate; though shot at, he spurred forward and the bandits fled. Unable to stop the outlaws, Mao asked to resign; a gracious edict refused. He was also made Pacify the Army General and enfeoffed as Duke of Wangcai with two thousand three hundred households.
7
是歲，江州刺史陳伯之舉兵叛，茂出爲使持節、散騎常侍、都督江州諸軍事、征南將軍、江州刺史，給鼓吹一部，南討伯之。 伯之奔于魏。 時九江新罹軍寇，民思反業，茂務農省役，百姓安之。 四年，魏侵漢中，茂受詔西討，魏乃班師。 六年，遷尚書右僕射，常侍如故。 固辭不拜，改授侍中、中衛將軍，領太子詹事。 七年，拜車騎將軍，太子詹事如故。 八年，以本號開府儀同三司、丹陽尹，侍中如故。 時天下無事，高祖方信仗文雅，茂心頗怏怏，侍宴醉後，每見言色，高祖常宥而不之責也。 十一年，進位司空，侍中、尹如故。 茂辭京尹，改領中權將軍。
That year Chen Bozhi rebelled as Jiangzhou inspector; Mao went out with staff insignia as Scattered Cavalry Attendant, area commander, Pacify the South General, and Jiangzhou inspector, with drums and pipes, to attack him. Bozhi fled to Wei. Jiujiang had just been ravaged by war and the people wanted to farm again; Mao pushed farming and cut levies, and the region grew calm. In year four Wei invaded Hanzhong; Mao was ordered west, and the Wei army withdrew. In year six he became Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing while keeping his Palace Attendant post. He firmly declined; the appointment was changed to Palace Attendant, Central Guard General, and Crown Prince Steward. In year seven he was made Chariots and Cavalry General, still Crown Prince Steward. In year eight he kept his title but received open office equal to the Three Excellencies and became Danyang intendant, remaining Palace Attendant. The realm was at peace and Gaozu favored literary men; Mao was ill at ease, and after banquets, drunk, he often showed it in face and speech—yet Gaozu always forgave him. In year eleven he was promoted to Minister of Works, keeping Palace Attendant and the intendant post. Mao declined the capital intendant post and took the concurrent Central Authority Generalship instead.
8
茂性寬厚，居官雖無譽，亦爲吏民所安。 居處方正，在一室衣冠儼然，雖僕妾莫見其惰容。 姿表瓖麗，鬚眉如畫。 出入朝會，每爲衆所瞻望。 明年，出爲使持節、散騎常侍、驃騎將軍、開府同三司之儀、都督江州諸軍事、江州刺史。 視事三年，薨于州，時年六十。 高祖甚悼惜之，賻錢三十萬，布三百匹。 詔曰：「旌德紀勳，哲王令軌； 念終追遠，前典明誥。 故使持節、散騎常侍、驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史茂，識度淹廣，器宇凝正。 爰初草昧，盡誠宣力，綢繆休戚，契闊屯夷。 方賴謀猷，永隆朝寄； 奄至薨殞，朕用慟于厥心。 宜增禮數，式昭盛烈。 可贈侍中、太尉，加班劍二十人，鼓吹一部。 諡曰忠烈。」
By nature generous and easy, he won little fame in office, yet officials and people alike trusted him. At home he kept himself square; even alone in one room his dress was formal, and servants never saw him look lax. He was splendid in bearing, with beard and brows like painted lines. Whenever he attended court, all eyes followed him. The next year he went out with staff insignia as Scattered Cavalry Attendant, Fast Cavalry General with open office equal to the Three Excellencies, area commander, and Jiangzhou inspector. After three years in office he died in the province, aged sixty. Gaozu mourned him deeply and granted three hundred thousand cash and three hundred bolts of cloth for the funeral. An edict said, "To honor virtue and record merit is the enlightened king's true measure; to remember the dead and reach back to the ancestors is the clear charge of former canons. The late Bearer of Staff, Scattered Cavalry Attendant, Fast Cavalry General, Open Office Equal to the Three Excellencies, and Jiangzhou Inspector Mao was broad in judgment and firm in bearing. From the first days of hardship he gave loyal service, sharing joy and sorrow and every trial. We meant to rely on his counsel and long entrust him with the court; yet suddenly he died, and Our heart is stricken. His rites should be raised to show forth his great merit. Let him be granted posthumously Palace Attendant and Grand Commandant, with twenty Office Swords and one suite of drums and pipes. Posthumous name Loyal and Ardent."
9
初，茂以元勳，高祖賜以鐘磬之樂。 茂在江州，夢鐘磬在格，無故自墮，心惡之。 及覺，命奏樂。 旣成列，鐘磬在格，果無故編皆絕，墮地。 茂謂長史江詮曰：「此樂，天子所以惠勞臣也。 樂旣極矣，能無憂乎！」 俄而病，少日卒。
Earlier, as a founding merit-holder, Mao had been granted bells and chimes from Gaozu. In Jiangzhou he dreamed the bells and chimes on their stand fell for no reason, and he took it ill. When he woke he ordered the music played. When the musicians were in place, every cord on the bells and chimes broke without cause and they crashed to the floor. Mao told Chief Clerk Jiang Quan, "This music is what the Son of Heaven grants to reward his ministers. When music has reached its limit, can there be no foreboding!" Soon after he fell ill and died within days.
10
子貞秀嗣，以居喪無禮，爲有司奏，徙越州。 後有詔留廣州，乃潛結仁威府中兵參軍杜景，欲襲州城，刺史蕭昂討之。 景，魏降人，與貞秀同戮。
His son Zhenxiu succeeded him but was banished to Yuezhou after the authorities reported his improper mourning. Later an edict kept him at Guangzhou; he then secretly allied with Renwei Mansion army aide Du Jing to seize the city, and Inspector Xiao Ang put them down. Jing, a Wei defector, was executed together with Zhenxiu.
11
曹景宗，字子震，新野人也。 父欣之，爲宋將，位至征虜將軍、徐州刺史。
Cao Jingzong, styled Zizhen, came from Xinye. His father Xinbei was a Song general who rose to Pacify the Barbarians General and inspector of Xuzhou.
12
景宗幼善騎射，好畋獵。 常與少年數十人澤中逐麞鹿，每衆騎赴鹿，鹿馬相亂，景宗於衆中射之，人皆懼中馬足，鹿應弦輒斃，以此爲樂。 未弱冠，欣之於新野遣出州，以匹馬將數人，於中路卒逢蠻賊數百圍之。 景宗帶百餘箭，乃馳騎四射，每箭殺一蠻，蠻遂散走，因是以膽勇知名。 頗愛史書，每讀《穰苴》、《樂毅傳》，輒放卷歎息曰：「丈夫當如是！」 辟西曹不就。 宋元徽中，隨父出京師，爲奉朝請、員外，遷尚書左民郎。 尋以父憂去職，還鄉里。 服闋，刺史蕭赤斧板爲冠軍中兵參軍，領天水太守。
As a youth Jingzong excelled at riding and archery and loved the chase. He often rode with dozens of youths through the marshes after deer; when horses and deer tangled in the rush, he shot into the melee—men feared he would hit their mounts, yet every arrow dropped a deer, which he found delightful. Before he came of age, Xinbei sent him out of Xinye with one horse and a few followers; on the road several hundred Man bandits suddenly surrounded him. He carried more than a hundred arrows, wheeled his horse, and shot in every direction, killing one tribesman with each shaft until they broke and fled; from then on he was famed for courage. He loved history; reading the Records of Rang Ju and the Biography of Yue Yi, he would close the scroll and sigh, "A man should be like this!" He declined appointment to the Western Bureau. In Song's Yuanhui era he followed his father to the capital as Attendant at Court and outer member, then became Left People Officer in the Masters of Writing. Soon his father died; he left office and went home. After mourning, Inspector Xiao Chifu made him Champion Army aide and concurrent administrator of Tianshui.
13
時建元初，蠻寇羣動，景宗東西討擊，多所擒破。 齊鄱陽王鏘爲雍州，復以爲征虜中兵參軍，帶馮翊太守，督峴南諸軍事，除屯騎校尉。 少與州里張道門厚善。 道門，齊車騎將軍敬兒少子也，爲武陵太守。 敬兒誅，道門於郡伏法，親屬故吏莫敢收，景宗自襄陽遣人船到武陵，收其屍骸，迎還殯葬，鄉里以此義之。
Early in Jianyuan, when Man raiders rose on every side, Jingzong campaigned east and west and took many captives. When Prince of Poyang Xiao Zhen became inspector of Yongzhou, Jingzong was again made Pacify the Barbarians army aide and administrator of Fengyi, supervised troops south of Xian, and was promoted to Colonel of Garrison Cavalry. In youth he was close to a townsman, Zhang Daomen. Daomen was the youngest son of Qi's Chariots and Cavalry General Zhang Jinger and was administrator of Wuling. When Jinger was put to death, Daomen was executed in the commandery and none of kin or former staff dared claim the body; Jingzong sent men and boats from Xiangyang to Wuling, recovered the corpse, and buried it at home—the district praised his loyalty.
14
建武二年，魏主托跋宏寇赭陽，景宗爲偏將，每衝堅陷陣，輒有斬獲，以勳除遊擊將軍。 四年，太尉陳顯達督衆軍北圍馬圈，景宗從之，以甲士二千設伏，破魏援托跋英四萬人。 及剋馬圈，顯達論功，以景宗爲後，景宗退無怨言。 魏主率衆大至，顯達宵奔，景宗導入山道，故顯達父子獲全。
In Jianwu year two Tuoba Hong of Wei raided Zheyang; Jingzong was a flank commander, broke the line each time he charged, and was made Raids General for merit. In year four Grand Commandant Chen Xianda besieged Maquan in the north; Jingzong followed with two thousand armored men in ambush and routed forty thousand Wei troops under Tuoba Ying. When Maquan fell, Xianda ranked the merit and put Jingzong last; Jingzong withdrew without a word. The Wei ruler came in force; Xianda fled by night, and Jingzong led him through the mountains, so Xianda and his son escaped whole.
15
五年，高祖爲雍州刺史，景宗深自結附，數請高祖臨其宅。 時天下方亂，高祖亦厚加意焉。 永元初，表爲冠軍將軍、竟陵太守。 及義師起，景宗聚衆，遣親人杜思沖勸先迎南康王於襄陽卽帝位，然後出師，爲萬全計。 高祖不從，語在《高祖紀》。 高祖至竟陵，以景宗與冠軍將軍王茂濟江，圍郢城，自二月至於七月，城乃降。 復帥衆前驅至南州，領馬步軍取建康。 道次江寧，東昏將李居士以重兵屯新亭，是日選精騎一千至江寧行頓，景宗始至，安營未立； 且師行日久，器甲穿弊，居士望而輕之，因鼓噪前薄景宗。 景宗被甲馳戰，短兵裁接，居士棄甲奔走，景宗皆獲之，因鼓而前，徑至皁莢橋築壘。 景宗又與王茂、呂僧珍掎角，破王珍國於大航。 茂衝其中堅，應時而陷，景宗縱兵乘之。 景宗軍士皆桀黠無賴，御道左右，莫非富室，抄掠財物，略奪子女，景宗不能禁。 及高祖入頓新城，嚴申號令，然後稍息。 復與衆軍長圍六門。 城平，拜散騎常侍、右衛將軍，封湘西縣侯，食邑一千六百戶。 仍遷持節、都督郢司二州諸軍事、左將軍、郢州刺史。 天監元年，進號平西將軍，改封竟陵縣侯。
In year five Gaozu was inspector of Yongzhou; Jingzong courted him closely and often asked him to his house. The realm was in turmoil, and Gaozu in turn treated him generously. At the start of Yongyuan he was recommended as Champion General and administrator of Jingling. When the righteous army rose, Jingzong mustered troops and sent his kinsman Du Sichong to urge welcoming the Prince of Nankang at Xiangyang as emperor before marching— a plan for perfect safety. Gaozu refused, as told in the Annals of Gaozu. At Jingling Gaozu sent Jingzong and Champion General Wang Mao across the river to besiege Ying; from the second month to the seventh month the city surrendered. He again led the van to Nanzhou and commanded horse and foot against Jiankang. At Jiangning, Dong Hun's general Li Jushi held Xinting with a heavy force; that day he sent a thousand picked horsemen to Jingzong's halt—Jingzong had just arrived and his camp was not yet pitched; and the column had marched long, its arms in tatters; Jushi saw this, despised them, and charged with drums and shouts straight at Jingzong. Jingzong armored and rode to meet them; in close fight Jushi threw off his armor and ran; Jingzong took them all, drummed forward, and built a rampart at Zaojia Bridge. Jingzong again joined Wang Mao and Lu Sengzhen in a pincer and defeated Wang Zhenguo at the Great Floating Bridge. Mao broke the enemy center and it collapsed at once; Jingzong drove the troops to press the rout. Jingzong's men were violent and lawless; along the imperial way every house was rich, and they plundered goods and seized women and children—Jingzong could not stop them. When Gaozu entered and encamped at Xincheng, he enforced orders strictly, and only then did the turmoil subside. He again joined the armies in a long siege of the Six Gates. When the city fell, he was made Regular Attendant and Right Guard General, enfeoffed as Marquis of Xiangxi with a fief of sixteen hundred households. He was then made Bearer of the Staff, commander-in-chief of Ying and Si provinces, Left General, and inspector of Yingzhou. In the first year of Tianjian he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West and re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Jingling.
16
景宗在州，鬻貨聚斂。 於城南起宅，長堤以東，夏口以北，開街列門，東西數里，而部曲殘橫，民頗厭之。 二年十月，魏寇司州，圍刺史蔡道恭。 時魏攻日苦，城中負板而汲，景宗望門不出，但耀軍遊獵而已。 及司州城陷，爲御史中丞任昉所奏。 高祖以功臣寢而不治，徵爲護軍。 旣至，復拜散騎常侍、右衛將軍。
While holding the province, Jingzong trafficked in goods and amassed wealth. South of the city he built a mansion; east of the Long Embankment and north of Xiakou he laid out streets and gates for miles east and west, while his retainers ran wild—the people deeply resented it. In the tenth month of year 2, Wei raided Si province and besieged the inspector Cai Daogong. As the Wei assault grew harsher by the day, people in the city drew water under shield; Jingzong watched from the gate and would not emerge, parading his troops in hunts alone. When Si province fell, Censor-in-Chief Ren Fang impeached him. Gaozu, treating him as a meritorious minister grown lax and left unpunished, summoned him to be Protector of the Army. On arrival he was again made Regular Attendant and Right Guard General.
17
五年，魏托跋英寇鐘離，圍徐州刺史昌義之。 高祖詔景宗督衆軍援義之，豫州刺史韋叡亦預焉，而受景宗節度。 詔景宗頓道人洲，待衆軍齊集俱進。 景宗固啓，求先據邵陽洲尾，高祖不聽。 景宗欲專其功，乃違詔而進，值暴風卒起，頗有渰溺，復還守先頓。 高祖聞之，曰：「此所以破賊也。 景宗不進，蓋天意乎！ 若孤軍獨往，城不時立，必見狼狽。 今得待衆軍同進，始大捷矣。」 及韋叡至，與景宗進頓邵陽洲，立壘去魏城百餘步。 魏連戰不能却，殺傷者十二三，自是魏軍不敢逼。 景宗等器甲精新，軍儀甚盛，魏人望之奪氣。 魏大將楊大眼對橋北岸立城，以通糧運，每牧人過岸伐芻槁，皆爲大眼所略。 景宗乃募勇敢士千餘人，徑渡大眼城南數里築壘，親自舉築。 大眼率衆來攻，景宗與戰破之，因得壘成。 使別將趙草守之，因謂爲趙草城，是後恣芻牧焉。 大眼時遣抄掠，輒反爲趙草所獲。 先是，高祖詔景宗等逆裝高艦，使與魏橋等，爲火攻計。 令景宗與叡各攻一橋，叡攻其南，景宗攻其北。 六年三月，春水生，淮水暴長六七尺。 叡遣所督將馮道根、李文釗、裴邃、韋寂等乘艦登岸，擊魏洲上軍盡殪。 景宗因使衆軍皆鼓噪亂登諸城，呼聲震天地，大眼於西岸燒營，英自東岸棄城走。 諸壘相次土崩，悉棄其器甲，爭投水死，淮水爲之不流。 景宗令軍主馬廣躡大眼至濊水上，四十餘里，伏屍相枕。 義之出逐英至洛口，英以匹馬入梁城。 緣淮百餘里，屍骸枕藉，生擒五萬餘人，收其軍糧器械，積如山岳，牛馬驢騾，不可勝計。 景宗乃搜軍所得生口萬餘人，馬千匹，遣獻捷，高祖詔還本軍，景宗振旅凱入，增封四百，並前爲二千戶，進爵爲公。 詔拜侍中、領軍將軍，給鼓吹一部。
In year 5, Tuoba Ying of Wei raided Zhongli and besieged Xuzhou inspector Chang Yizhi. Gaozu ordered Jingzong to command the armies to relieve Yizhi; Yuzhou inspector Wei Rui joined as well, under Jingzong's command. He ordered Jingzong to encamp at Daoren Isle and wait for the armies to gather before advancing together. Jingzong repeatedly petitioned to seize the end of Shaoyang Isle first; Gaozu refused. Wishing to keep the glory for himself, Jingzong disobeyed the edict and advanced; a sudden storm drowned many, and he fell back to his former camp. When Gaozu heard, he said, "This is how we break the enemy. Jingzong holding back—surely that is Heaven's will! Had he marched alone, the fort would not have risen in time and the army would have come to grief. Now we can wait for every army to advance together, and the great victory will come. When Wei Rui arrived, he and Jingzong advanced to Shaoyang Isle and built ramparts a little over a hundred paces from the Wei city. Wei attacked again and again but could not drive them back; casualties ran to two or three in ten, and thereafter the Wei army did not dare close in. Jingzong and the rest had bright new arms and armor and a splendid array; the Wei troops looked on and lost heart. Wei's great general Yang Dayan built a city on the north bank opposite the bridge to keep supplies moving; whenever herders crossed to cut fodder, Dayan seized them. Jingzong then recruited more than a thousand brave men, crossed several li south of Dayan's city, and built a rampart, piling earth with his own hands. Dayan led his troops to attack; Jingzong fought and broke him, and the rampart was finished. He left the separate commander Zhao Cao to hold it, and the place was called Fort Zhao Cao; thereafter they grazed fodder freely. Whenever Dayan sent raiders, Zhao Cao captured them instead. Earlier Gaozu had ordered Jingzong and the others to fit out tall warships in advance, level with the Wei bridges, for a fire attack. He ordered Jingzong and Rui each to take one bridge—Rui the south, Jingzong the north. In the third month of year 6 the spring flood came and the Huai rose six or seven feet overnight. Rui sent Feng Daogen, Li Wenzhao, Pei Sui, Wei Ji, and other generals under his command to land from the ships and slaughter the Wei troops on the isle. Jingzong then had every army drum and shout and swarm the walls; the roar shook heaven and earth; Dayan burned his camp on the west bank, and Ying abandoned his city and fled from the east. Rampart after rampart crumbled; all cast off arms and armor and threw themselves into the water to die—the Huai was so choked it would not flow. Jingzong ordered the army commander Ma Guang to pursue Dayan to the Huishui for more than forty li; the dead lay heaped along the way. Yizhi pursued Ying to Luokou; Ying entered Liang city on a single horse. For more than a hundred li along the Huai the dead lay piled; more than fifty thousand were captured alive; grain and arms heaped like mountains; cattle, horses, donkeys, and mules beyond count. Jingzong gathered more than ten thousand captives and a thousand horses from the army's takings and sent word of victory; Gaozu ordered him back to his command; Jingzong marched home in triumph, his fief was increased by four hundred households to two thousand in all, and he was advanced to duke. By edict he was made Palace Attendant and Commander of the Army, with one set of martial pipes and drums.
18
景宗爲人自恃尚勝，每作書，字有不解，不以問人，皆以意造焉。 雖公卿無所推揖； 惟韋叡年長，且州里勝流，特相敬重，同宴御筵，亦曲躬謙遜，高祖以此嘉之。 景宗好內，妓妾至數百，窮極錦繡。 性躁動，不能沈默，出行常欲褰車帷幔，左右輒諫以位望隆重，人所具瞻，不宜然。 景宗謂所親曰：「我昔在鄉里，騎快馬如龍，與年少輩數十騎，拓弓弦作霹靂聲，箭如餓鴟叫。 平澤中逐麞，數肋射之，渴飲其血，饑食其肉，甜如甘露漿。 覺耳後風生，鼻頭出火，此樂使人忘死，不知老之將至。 今來揚州作貴人，動轉不得，路行開車幔，小人輒言不可。 閉置車中，如三日新婦。 遭此邑邑，使人無氣。」 爲人嗜酒好樂，臘月於宅中，使作野虖逐除，遍往人家乞酒食。 本以爲戲，而部下多剽輕，因弄人婦女，奪人財貨。 高祖頗知之，景宗乃止。 高祖數讌見功臣，共道故舊，景宗醉後謬忘，或誤稱下官，高祖故縱之，以爲笑樂。
Jingzong was proud and always had to win; when he wrote, any character he did not know he would not ask about but invent as he saw fit. He showed no deference even to dukes and ministers; only Wei Rui, who was older and a leading man of their district, he specially honored; at imperial banquets he bowed with humble courtesy as well—Gaozu praised him for it. Jingzong loved women; his concubines and singing girls numbered in the hundreds, and he exhausted every brocade and embroidery. Restless by nature, he could not keep still; on the road he always wanted to throw back the carriage curtains, and his attendants would warn him that with his rank and dignity all eyes were on him—he should not. Jingzong told his intimates: "Back home I rode a swift horse like a dragon, with several dozen young men at my side, drawing the bowstring till it thundered, arrows screaming like hungry kites. On the open marsh we chased deer; I shot them through the ribs again and again, drank their blood when thirsty, ate their flesh when hungry—sweet as nectar. Wind rose behind my ears, fire seemed to burst from my nostrils—joy like that makes you forget death and never feel old age draw near. Now I have come to Yangzhou to play the great man and cannot move; on the road I lift the carriage curtain and little men say I must not. Shut in the carriage like a bride on her third day. This suffocation steals a man's breath. He loved wine and music; in the twelfth month at his mansion he staged the wilderness howl for the year-end expulsion, going door to door begging wine and food. It was meant as sport, but many of his men were violent and took liberties with women and seized property. Gaozu learned of it, and Jingzong then stopped. Gaozu often feasted his merit-holders and talked of old times; drunk, Jingzong would forget himself and sometimes call himself "your servant"; Gaozu indulged it and laughed.
19
七年，遷侍中、中衛將軍、江州刺史。 赴任卒於道，時年五十二。 詔賻錢二十萬，布三百匹，追贈征北將軍、雍州刺史、開府儀同三司。 諡曰壯。 子皎嗣。
In year 7 he was transferred to Palace Attendant, Central Guard General, and inspector of Jiangzhou. He died on the road while going to his post, aged fifty-two. By edict he was granted two hundred thousand cash and three hundred bolts of cloth; posthumously he was made General Who Campaigns North, inspector of Yongzhou, and Opener of the Mansion Equal to the Three Dukes. His posthumous name was Zhuang, "Strong." His son Jiao succeeded.
20
柳慶遠，字文和，河東解人也。 伯父元景，宋太尉。
Liu Qingyuan, styled Wenhe, came from Jie in Hedong. His father's elder brother Yuanjing had been Song Grand Marshal.
21
慶遠起家郢州主簿，齊初爲尚書都官郎、大司馬中兵參軍、建武將軍、魏興太守。 郡遭暴水，流漂居民，吏請徙民祀城。 慶遠曰：「天降雨水，豈城之所知。 吾聞江河長不過三日，斯亦何慮。」 命築土而已。 俄而水過，百姓服之。 入爲長水校尉，出爲平北錄事參軍、襄陽令。
Qingyuan began as registrar of Yingzhou; at the start of Qi he was Director in the Ministry of Justice, central army aide to the Grand Marshal, General Who Establishes Martial Prowess, and administrator of Weixing. The commandery was struck by sudden floodwaters that swept away the people; the clerks asked to move them to sacrifice at the city wall. Qingyuan said, "Heaven sends rain—how would the city know? I have heard rivers do not rise more than three days—what is there to fear?" He ordered only earth ramparts built. Soon the waters receded, and the people admired his judgment. He entered the capital as Colonel of the Long River Guard and went out as recorder on the Pacify North staff and magistrate of Xiangyang.
22
高祖之臨雍州，問京兆人杜惲求州綱，惲舉慶遠。 高祖曰：「文和吾已知之，所問未知者耳。」 因辟別駕從事史。 齊方多難，慶遠謂所親曰：「方今天下將亂，英雄必起，庇民定霸，其吾君乎？」 因盡誠協贊。 及義兵起，慶遠常居帷幄爲謀主。
When Gaozu took Yongzhou, he asked Du Yun of Jingzhao for the province's leading men; Yun recommended Qingyuan. Gaozu said, "I already know Wenhe; I was asking about what I did not yet know." Thereupon he summoned him as aide-de-camp attendant. Qi was then in turmoil; Qingyuan told his intimates, "The realm will soon fall into disorder; heroes are sure to rise—he who shelters the people and settles hegemony, is he not our lord?" Thereupon he gave himself wholly to loyal support. When the righteous army rose, Qingyuan constantly stayed in the command tent as chief strategist.
23
霸府建，以爲太尉從事中郎。 高祖受禪，遷散騎常侍、右衛將軍，加征虜將軍，封重安侯，食邑千戶。 母憂去職，以本官起之，固辭不拜。 天監二年，遷中領軍，改封雲杜侯。 四年，出爲使持節、都督雍梁南北秦四州諸軍事、征虜將軍、寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史。 高祖餞於新亭，謂曰：「卿衣錦還鄉，朕無西顧之憂矣。」
When the Pacification Office was established, he was made aide of the Grand Marshal. When Gaozu took the throne, Qingyuan was made Regular Attendant and Right Guard General, additionally General Who Subdues Captives, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Chong'an with a fief of one thousand households. He left office for his mother's mourning, was recalled to his former post, and firmly declined. In Tianjian year 2 he was made Commander of the Army and re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Yundu. In year 4 he went out as Bearer of the Staff, commander-in-chief of Yong, Liang, and northern and southern Qin, General Who Subdues Captives, Pacify Barbarians Commandant, and inspector of Yongzhou. Gaozu saw him off at Xinting and said, "You return home in brocade; I need no longer look west with worry."
24
七年，徵爲護軍將軍，領太子庶子。 未赴職，仍遷通直散騎常侍、右衛將軍，領右驍騎將軍。 至京都，值魏宿預城請降，受詔爲援，於是假節守淮陰。 魏軍退。 八年，還京師，遷散騎常侍、太子詹事、雍州大中正。 十年，遷侍中、領軍將軍，給扶，幷鼓吹一部。 十二年，遷安北將軍、寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史。 慶遠重爲本州，頗厲清節，士庶懷之。 明年春，卒，時年五十七。 詔曰：「念往篤終，前王令則； 式隆寵數，列代恒規。 使持節、都督雍梁南北秦四州郢州之竟陵司州之隨郡諸軍事、安北將軍、寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史、雲杜縣開國侯柳慶遠，器識淹曠，思懷通雅。 爰初草昧，預屬經綸； 遠自升平，契闊禁旅。 重牧西籓，方弘治道，奄至殞喪，傷慟于懷。 宜追榮命，以彰茂勳。 可贈侍中、中軍將軍、開府儀同三司，鼓吹、侯如故。 諡曰忠惠。 賻錢二十萬，布二百匹。」 及喪還京師，高祖出臨哭。 子津嗣。
In year 7 he was summoned to be Protector of the Army and concurrent steward of the crown prince. Before taking up the post he was transferred to Unhampered Regular Attendant, Right Guard General, and concurrent General of the Right Valiant Cavalry. On reaching the capital, Wei's Suyu city asked to surrender; ordered to relieve it, he was given the staff pro tem to hold Huaiyin. The Wei army withdrew. In year 8 he returned to the capital and was made Regular Attendant, steward of the crown prince, and chief rectifier of Yongzhou. In year 10 he was made Palace Attendant and Commander of the Army, with a cane and one set of martial pipes and drums. In year 12 he was made General Who Pacifies the North, Pacify Barbarians Commandant, and inspector of Yongzhou. Qingyuan again held his home province and was strict in integrity; officials and commoners cherished him. The next spring he died, aged fifty-seven. An edict said, "To honor the past and cherish the dead is the ancient kings' enduring rule; to heighten favor and rank is the constant practice of every age. Bearer of the Staff, commander-in-chief of Yong, Liang, northern and southern Qin, Jingling in Yingzhou, and Suixiang in Sizhou, General Who Pacifies the North, Pacify Barbarians Commandant, inspector of Yongzhou, and founding marquis of Yundu, Liu Qingyuan—his talent and insight are broad, his mind humane and refined. From the first days of the founding struggle he shared in planning the enterprise; from long service in peaceful times he was bound to the palace guard. Again he governed the western marches and was about to spread good rule, when death came suddenly—grief wounds my breast. Let posthumous honors be granted to display his abundant merit. Let him be posthumously made Palace Attendant, Central Army General, and Opener of the Mansion Equal to the Three Dukes; martial pipes and drums and his marquisate remain as before. Posthumous name Zhonghui, "Loyal and Kind." Funerary gift: two hundred thousand cash and two hundred bolts of cloth. When the coffin returned to the capital, Gaozu went out in person to mourn. His son Jin succeeded.
25
初，慶遠從父兄衛將軍世隆嘗謂慶遠曰：「吾昔夢太尉以褥席見賜，吾遂亞台司，適又夢以吾褥席與汝，汝必光我公族。」 至是，慶遠亦繼世隆焉。
Earlier Qingyuan's paternal cousin, General of the Guard Shilong, had told him: "I once dreamed the Grand Marshal gave me bedding and I rose next to the Three Excellencies. Now I dream I gave you my bedding—you will surely honor our house." By then Qingyuan had indeed followed in Shilong's footsteps.
26
陳吏部尚書姚察曰：王茂、曹景宗、柳慶遠雖世爲將家，然未顯奇節。 梁興，因日月末光，以成所志，配迹方、邵，勒勳鐘鼎，偉哉！ 昔漢光武全愛功臣，不過朝請、特進，寇、鄧、耿、賈咸不盡其器力。 茂等迭據方岳，位終上將，君臣之際，邁於前代矣。 [1]
The Chen Minister of the Secretariat Yao Cha said: Wang Mao, Cao Jingzong, and Liu Qingyuan came from generations of generals yet had not yet shown extraordinary deeds. When Liang arose they caught the day's last light and achieved their aims—rivaling Fang Hu and Shao Yi, their deeds cut into bell and tripod. Magnificent! Han's Guangwu cherished his merit-holders yet gave them only Palace Attendant or Special Advance; Kou, Deng, Geng, and Jia never exhausted their talents. Mao and the others in turn held provincial commands and died as supreme generals; the bond between throne and minister outdid earlier times. [1] Editorial footnote marker.
27
全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Liang (May 1973).