1
梁書卷第十八列傳第十二
Book of Liang, Volume 18, Biographies 12
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張惠紹馮道根康絢昌義之
Zhang Huishao; Feng Daogen; Kang Xuan; Chang Yizhi
3
張惠紹，字德繼，義陽人也。 少有武幹。 齊明帝時爲直閤，後出補竟陵橫桑戍主。 永元初，母喪歸葬於鄉里。 聞義師起，馳歸高祖，板爲中兵參軍，加寧朔將軍、軍主。 師次漢口，高祖使惠紹與軍主朱思遠遊遏江中，斷郢、魯二城糧運。 郢城水軍主沈難當帥輕舸數十挑戰，惠紹擊破，斬難當，盡獲其軍器。 義師次新林、朱雀，惠紹累有戰功。 建康城平，遷輔國將軍、前軍，直閤、左細仗主。 高祖踐阼，封石陽縣侯，邑五百戶。 遷驍騎將軍，直閤、細仗主如故。 時東昏餘黨數百人，竊入南北掖門，燒神虎門，害衛尉張弘策。 惠紹馳率所領赴戰，斬首數十級，賊乃散走。 以功增邑二百戶。 遷太子右衛率。
Zhang Huishao, styled Deji, came from Yiyang. From youth he showed martial talent. Under Qi Mingdi he served in the direct attendants; later he was posted as garrison commandant of Hengsang at Jingling. At the start of Yongyuan his mother died; he went home to bury her. When he heard the Righteous Army had risen, he rode to Gaozu, who made him central army staff officer with additional pacifying-the-north general and army leader. When the army halted at Hankou, Gaozu sent Huishao and army leader Zhu Siyuan to patrol the river and cut grain supply to Ying and Lu. Ying's naval commander Shen Nandang led dozens of light boats to challenge him; Huishao routed him, killed Nandang, and took all his arms. When the Righteous Army reached Xinlin and Zhuque, Huishao won repeated battle honors. When Jiankang fell, he was made supporting-the-state general and vanguard army commander, direct attendants and left fine-arms chief. When Gaozu took the throne, he was enfeoffed marquis of Shiyang with five hundred households. He was transferred to tiger-cavalry general; direct attendants and fine-arms chief as before. Several hundred Donghun holdouts slipped into the south and north side gates, burned Divine Tiger Gate, and killed Ministry of Guard Zhang Hongce. Huishao galloped in with his men, took several dozen heads, and the rebels broke and fled. For merit his fief grew by two hundred households. He was transferred to crown prince right guard leader.
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天監四年，大舉北伐，惠紹與冠軍長史胡辛生、寧朔將軍張豹子攻宿預，執城主馬成龍，送于京師。 使部將藍懷恭于水南立城爲掎角。 俄而魏援大至，敗陷懷恭，惠紹不能守，是夜奔還淮陰，魏復得宿預。 六年，魏軍攻鐘離，詔左衛將軍曹景宗督衆軍爲援，進據邵陽。 惠紹與馮道根、裴邃等攻斷魏連橋，短兵接戰，魏軍大潰。 以功增邑三百戶，還爲左驍騎將軍。 尋出爲持節、都督北兗州諸軍事、冠軍將軍、北兗州刺史。 魏宿預、淮陽二城內附，惠紹撫納有功，進號智武將軍，益封二百戶。 入爲衛尉卿，遷左衛將軍。 出爲持節、都督司州諸軍事、信威將軍、司州刺史、領安陸太守。 在州和理，吏民親愛之。
In Tianjian year four the court launched a great northern campaign; Huishao, champion chief of staff Hu Xinsheng, and pacifying-the-north general Zhang Baozi took Su prefecture, seized the city lord Ma Chenglong, and sent him to the capital. He sent his deputy Lan Huangong to build a city south of the river as a pincer. Soon Wei reinforcements came in force, defeated Huangong and took him; Huishao could not hold the line and fled to Huaiyin that night, and Wei retook Su prefecture. In year six Wei attacked Zhongli; an edict sent left guard general Cao Jingzong to command the relief armies and advance to Shaoyang. Huishao, Feng Daogen, Pei Sui, and others cut Wei's pontoon bridges and fought hand to hand until the Wei army broke completely. For merit his fief grew by three hundred households; he returned as left tiger-cavalry general. Soon he went out bearer of staff, commander of north Yanzhou military affairs, champion general, and north Yanzhou inspector. When Wei's garrisons at Su prefecture and Huaiyang came over, Huishao won them over with merit, was raised to wise martial general, and gained two hundred more households. He entered as Ministry of Guard director, then became left guard general. He went out bearer of staff, commander of Si military affairs, faithful prestige general and Si inspector, and also held Anlu prefect. In the province he ruled fairly; officials and commoners held him dear.
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徵還爲左衛將軍，加通直散騎常侍，甲仗百人，直衛殿內。 十八年，卒，時年六十三。 詔曰：「張惠紹志略開濟，幹用貞果。 誠勤義始，績聞累任。 爰居禁旅，盡心朝夕。 奄至殞喪，惻愴于懷。 宜追寵命，以彰勳烈。 可贈護軍將軍，給鼓吹一部，布百匹，蠟二百斤。 諡曰忠。」 子澄嗣。
Recalled as left guard general with additional undisguised cavalier attendant-in-ordinary, a hundred armed guards, and palace duty within the hall. In year eighteen he died at sixty-three. An edict said, "Zhang Huishao's mind is far-reaching and his hand sure. From the first days of the righteous cause he served faithfully, and merit followed him through every post. In the forbidden guard he gave his heart morning and evening. Sudden death moves me to grief. Let posthumous honors show his martial worth. Grant him Protector General, one set of martial music, a hundred bolts of cloth, and two hundred jin of wax. Posthumous title: Zhong." His son Cheng inherited.
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澄初爲直閤將軍，丁父憂，起爲晉熙太守，隨豫州刺史裴邃北伐，累有戰功，與湛僧智、胡紹世、魚弘並當時之驍將。 歷官衛尉卿、太子左衛率。 卒官，諡曰愍。
Cheng began as direct-attendants general; after his father's mourning he took up Jinxi prefect and followed Yu inspector Pei Sui north, winning repeated honors alongside Zhan Sengzhi, Hu Shaoshi, and Yu Hong among the age's fiercest commanders. He rose to Ministry of Guard director and crown prince left guard leader. He died in office; posthumous title: Min.
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馮道根，字巨基，廣平酂人也。 少失父，家貧，傭賃以養母。 行得甘肥，不敢先食，必遽還以進母。 年十三，以孝聞於鄉里。 郡召爲主簿，辭不就。 年十六，鄉人蔡道斑爲湖陽戍主，道斑攻蠻錫城，反爲蠻所困，道根救之。 匹馬轉戰，殺傷甚多，道斑以免，由是知名。
Feng Daogen, styled Juji, came from Zan in Guangping. He lost his father young; the household was poor, and he hired himself out to feed his mother. On the road he might find rich food, but he never tasted it first—he always hurried home to set it before his mother. At thirteen his filial conduct was known through the village. The commandery made him chief clerk; he refused. At sixteen his neighbor Cai Daoban held Huyang garrison; Daoban attacked the Man at Xicheng, was surrounded, and Daogen saved him. Alone on horseback he fought round and round, killing many; Daoban was spared, and Daogen's name spread.
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齊建武末，魏主托跋宏寇沒南陽等五郡，明帝遣太尉陳顯達率衆復爭之。 師入汮均口，道根與鄉里人士以牛酒候軍，因說顯達曰：「汋水迅急，難進易退。 魏若守隘，則首尾俱急。 不如悉棄船艦於酂城，方道步進，建營相次，鼓行而前。 如是，則立破之矣。」 顯達不聽，道根猶以私屬從軍。 及顯達敗，軍人夜走，多不知山路； 道根每及險要，輒停馬指示之，衆賴以全。 尋爲汮口戍副。
Late in Qi Jianwu, Wei's Tuoba Hong overran Nan Yang and five commanderies; Mingdi sent Grand Marshal Chen Xianda to win them back. The army entered Fen and Jun mouth; Daogen and his neighbors brought oxen and wine to the camp and told Xianda, "The Chuo runs fast—hard to advance, easy to retreat. If Wei holds the narrows, you are caught at both ends. Better leave the boats at Zan, march by land, set camps in line, and advance to the drum. Then you will break them at once." Xianda would not hear him; Daogen still followed with his own men. When Xianda was beaten, the army fled by night, many lost on the mountain paths; at every pass Daogen stopped his horse and showed the way, and many owed their lives to him. Soon he was made deputy at Fen mouth garrison.
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永元中，以母喪還家。 聞高祖起義師，乃謂所親曰：「金革奪禮，古人不避，揚名後世，豈非孝乎？ 時不可失，吾其行矣。」 率鄉人子弟勝兵者，悉歸高祖。 時有蔡道福爲將從軍，高祖使道根副之，皆隸於王茂。 茂伐沔，攻郢城，克加湖，道根常爲前鋒陷陳。 會道福卒於軍，高祖令道根并領其衆。 大軍次新林，隨王茂於朱雀航大戰，斬獲尤多。 高祖卽位，以爲驍騎將軍，封增城縣男，邑二百戶。 領文德帥，遷遊擊將軍。 是歲，江州刺史陳伯之反，道根隨王茂討平之。
In Yongyuan his mother died and he went home. When he heard Gaozu had raised the Righteous Army, he told those close to him, "War suspends mourning—men of old did not shrink from it; to leave a name behind—is that not filial? The moment will not wait; I am going." He led able men from the village and his kin and went to Gaozu. Cai Daofu was then a general in the host; Gaozu set Daogen under him, both under Wang Mao. Mao struck Mian, besieged Ying, and took Jiahu; Daogen was often first through the line. When Daofu died in camp, Gaozu gave Daogen his men as well. When the host reached Xinlin, he followed Wang Mao at Zhuque ford in a great battle and took heads and prisoners in unusual numbers. When Gaozu took the throne, he made Daogen tiger-cavalry general and baron of Zengcheng with two hundred households. He led Wendé commanders, then became raiding general. That year Jiangzhou inspector Chen Bozhi rebelled; Daogen followed Wang Mao and put him down.
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天監二年，爲寧朔將軍、南梁太守，領阜陵城戍。 初到阜陵，脩城隍，遠斥候，有如敵將至者，衆頗笑之。 道根曰：「怯防勇戰，此之謂也。」 脩城未畢，會魏將党法宗、傅豎眼率衆二萬，奄至城下。 道根塹壘未固，城中衆少，皆失色。 道根命廣開門，緩服登城，選精銳二百人，出與魏軍戰，敗之。 魏人見意閑，且戰又不利，因退走。 是時魏分兵於大小峴、東桑等，連城相持。 魏將高祖珍以三千騎軍其間，道根率百騎橫擊破之，獲其鼓角軍儀。 於是糧運旣絕，諸軍乃退。 遷道根輔國將軍。
In Tianjian year two he was pacifying-the-north general and Nan Liang prefect, holding Fuling garrison. On reaching Fuling he repaired walls and moats and set far scouts as if a great enemy were near; his men mostly laughed. Daogen said, "Guard like a coward, fight like a brave man—that is the saying." Before the walls were done, Wei generals Dang Fazong and Fu Shuyan came with twenty thousand men and were suddenly at the gates. Trenches and ramparts were unfinished; the city held few men; faces went white. Daogen had the gates thrown wide, climbed the wall in plain dress, chose two hundred elite, went out, and beat the Wei force. Seeing his ease and their own ill luck, the Wei men drew off. Wei then split forces at Great and Small Xian, Dongsang, and elsewhere, chaining towns in a standoff. Wei general Gao Zuzhen moved three thousand horse between them; Daogen led a hundred horsemen in a flanking strike, routed him, and took drums, horns, and standards. Grain supply was cut, and the Wei armies pulled back. Daogen was made supporting-the-state general.
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豫州刺史韋叡圍合肥，克之。 道根與諸軍同進，所在有功。 六年，魏攻鐘離，高祖復詔叡救之，道根率衆三千爲叡前驅。 至徐州，建計據邵陽洲，築壘掘塹，以逼魏城。 道根能走馬步地，計馬足以賦功，城隍立辦。 及淮水長，道根乘戰艦，攻斷魏連橋數百丈，魏軍敗績。 益封三百戶，進爵爲伯。 還遷雲騎將軍、領直閤將軍，改封豫寧縣，戶邑如前。 累遷中權中司馬、右遊擊將軍、武旅將軍、歷陽太守。 八年，遷貞毅將軍、假節、督豫州諸軍事、豫州刺史、領汝陰太守。 爲政清簡，境內安定。 十一年，徵爲太子右衛率。 十三年，出爲信武將軍、宣惠司馬、新興、永寧二郡太守。 十四年，徵爲員外散騎常侍、右遊擊將軍，領朱衣直閤。 十五年，爲右衛將軍。
Yu inspector Wei Rui besieged Hefei and captured it. Daogen marched with the host and won merit wherever he fought. In year six Wei attacked Zhongli; Gaozu again ordered Wei Rui to the rescue; Daogen led three thousand as his vanguard. At Xuzhou he planned to hold Shaoyang islet, raise ramparts, and dig moats against the Wei city. Daogen could ride hard and pace a site, allotting horse labor so work matched need; walls and moats rose at once. When the Huai swelled, he took war boats, cut hundreds of zhang of Wei pontoon bridge, and the Wei army was routed. His fief grew by three hundred households and he was raised to marquis. Recalled, he became cloud-cavalry general and led the direct attendants; his fief moved to Yuning county, households unchanged. He rose through central staff marshal, right raiding general, martial guard general, and Liyang prefect. In year eight he was steadfast resolve general with acting credentials, commander of Yu military affairs, Yu inspector, and also Ruyin prefect. He ruled plainly and kept the borders quiet. In year eleven he was recalled as crown prince right guard leader. In year thirteen he went out faithful martial general, proclaiming-grace staff officer, and prefect of Xin and Yongning. In year fourteen he was recalled as outer cavalier attendant-in-ordinary and right raiding general, leading the crimson-robed direct attendants. In year fifteen he was made right guard general.
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道根性謹厚，木訥少言，爲將能檢禦部曲，所過村陌，將士不敢虜掠。 每所征伐，終不言功，諸將讙嘩爭競，道根默然而已。 其部曲或怨非之，道根喻曰：「明主自鑒功之多少，吾將何事。」 高祖嘗指道根示尚書令沈約曰：「此人口不論勳。」 約曰：「此陛下之大樹將軍也。」 處州郡，和理清靜，爲部下所懷。 在朝廷，雖貴顯而性儉約，所居宅不營牆屋，無器服侍衛，入室則蕭然如素士之貧賤者。 當時服其清退，高祖亦雅重之。 微時不學，旣貴，粗讀書，自謂少文，常慕周勃之器重。
Daogen was careful and plain, slow of speech; as a commander he held his men tight, and on village roads they dared not loot. He never spoke of merit on campaign; while other generals shouted over credit, Daogen stayed mute. Some in his command grumbled; Daogen told them, "The bright lord sees merit for himself—what is there for me to say?" Gaozu once pointed Daogen out to Director Shen Yue and said, "This one never speaks of merit." Yue said, "This is Your Majesty's great-tree general." In province and commandery he ruled fairly and quietly, and those under him held him close. At court he was great in rank yet spare in habit; he built no compound walls, kept no guards, and his rooms looked as bare as any poor scholar's. Men praised his modesty; Gaozu prized him as well. He had never studied in youth; after rank came to him he read a little, called himself unlettered, and often spoke of Zhou Bo's solid bearing.
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十六年，復假節、都督豫州諸軍事、信武將軍、豫州刺史。 將行，高祖引朝臣宴別道根於武德殿，召工視道根，使圖其形像。 道根踧踖謝曰：「臣所可報國家，惟餘一死； 但天下太平，臣恨無可死之地。」 豫部重得道根，人皆喜悅。 高祖每稱曰：「馮道根所在，能使朝廷不復憶有一州。」
In year sixteen he again received brevet staff, command of Yuzhou forces, the title Trustworthy Martial General, and the inspector's seal. On the eve of his departure Gaozu feasted him at Wude Hall, called in painters to study his face, and ordered his portrait made. Daogen flushed and refused: "All I can still offer the realm is whatever life remains; yet the world is at peace, and I mourn that there is nowhere left to spend it." Yuzhou had him again and the people rejoiced. Gaozu would say, "With Feng Daogen in place, the throne forgets it still holds a province."
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康絢字長明，華山藍田人也。 其先出自康居。 初，漢置都護，盡臣西域。 康居亦遣侍子待詔於河西，因留爲黔首，其後卽以康爲姓。 晉時隴右亂，康氏遷于藍田。 絢曾祖因爲苻堅太子詹事，生穆，穆爲姚萇河南尹。 宋永初中，穆舉鄉族三千餘家，入襄陽之峴南。 宋爲置華山郡藍田縣，寄居于襄陽，以穆爲秦、梁二州刺史。 未拜，卒。 絢世父元隆，父元撫，並爲流人所推，相繼爲華山太守。
Kang Xuan, styled Changming, came from Lantian on Hua Mountain. His line sprang from Kangju. In early Han a Protector-General was set and the western lands were brought to heel. Kangju also sent a royal hostage to wait on the court at Hexi and stayed as settlers; later they took Kang for their name. Under Jin, Longyou fell into chaos and the Kang moved to Lantian. His great-grandfather served Fu Jian's heir as household steward and begat Mu, who became Yao Chang's Henan intendant. In Song's early Yongchu years Mu led three thousand-odd township families south of Xiangyang's Xian. Song lodged them as Lantian county in Hua Mountain commandery at Xiangyang and named Mu governor of Qin and Liang. He died before he could take the post. His uncle Yuanlong and father Yuanfu, leaders among the exiles, each in turn held Hua Mountain.
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絢少俶儻有志氣。 齊文帝爲雍州刺史，所辟皆取名家，絢特以才力召爲西曹書佐。 永明三年，除奉朝請。 文帝在東宮，以舊恩引爲直後，以母憂去職。 服闋，除振威將軍、華山太守。 推誠撫循，荒餘悅服。 遷前軍將軍，復爲華山太守。
From youth Xuan was bold and full of purpose. When Qi Wendi governed Yongzhou he took only men of great families; Xuan alone entered as Western Bureau secretary on merit. In Yongming year three he became court attendant. Wendi in the Eastern Palace recalled him as guard attendant; he left for his mother's mourning. After mourning he became Quelling Might General and Hua Mountain administrator. He ruled the ravaged district with open hand and honest heart until it was glad to obey. He rose to vanguard general and again held Hua Mountain.
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永元元年，義兵起，絢舉郡以應高祖，身率敢勇三千人，私馬二百五十匹以從。 除西中郎南康王中兵參軍，加輔國將軍。 義師方圍張沖於郢城，曠日持久，東昏將吳子陽壁于加湖，軍鋒甚盛，絢隨王茂力攻屠之。 自是常領遊兵，有急應赴，斬獲居多。 天監元年，封南安縣男，邑三百戶。 除輔國將軍、竟陵太守。 魏圍梁州，刺史王珍國使請救，絢以郡兵赴之，魏軍退。 七年，司州三關爲魏所逼，詔假絢節、武旅將軍，率衆赴援。 九年，遷假節、督北兗州緣淮諸軍事、振遠將軍、北兗州刺史。 及朐山亡徒以城降魏，絢馳遣司馬霍奉伯分軍據嶮。 魏軍至，不得越朐城。 明年，青州刺史張稷爲土人徐道角所殺，絢又遣司馬茅榮伯討平之。 徵驃騎臨川王司馬，加左驍騎將軍，尋轉朱衣直閤。 十三年，遷太子右衛率，甲仗百人，與領軍蕭景直殿內。
In Yongyuan year one the righteous army rose; Xuan raised his commandery for Gaozu and led three thousand bold men and two hundred fifty horses of his own. He was made staff officer to the Prince of Nankang and given the added rank Assists-the-State General. While the loyal army pinned Zhang Chong at Yingcheng, Donghun's Wu Ziyang held Jiahu with a fierce host; Xuan rode with Wang Mao and broke them in the slaughter. After that he usually led flying columns, answering every alarm, and his kills and captures piled high. In Tianjian year one he was made Baron of Nan'an, three hundred households. He became assists-the-state general and Jingling administrator. Wei besieged Liangzhou; Wang Zhenguo called for aid; Xuan marched with the commandery levy and Wei drew off. In year seven Wei pressed Si's three passes; Xuan received brevet staff and Martial Host General and marched to relieve them. In year nine he took brevet staff, command along the Huai frontier, Quelling Distance General, and North Yanzhou. When Mount Xiong's outlaws handed their walls to Wei, Xuan sent Major Huo Fengbo ahead to seize the heights. Wei came and could not pass Xiong city. Next year Zhang Ji of Qingzhou was killed by Xu Daojiao; Xuan sent Major Mao Rongbo to crush the revolt. He entered service as the Prince of Linchuan's chief of staff and left valiant cavalry general, then became vermilion-robe attendant. In year thirteen he became crown prince right guard leader with a hundred armored men, on palace duty with Xiao Jingzhi.
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絢身長八尺，容貌絕倫，雖居顯官，猶習武藝。 高祖幸德陽殿戲馬，敕絢馬射，撫弦貫的，觀者悅之。 其日，上使畫工圖絢形，遣中使持以問絢曰：「卿識此圖不？」 其見親如此。
Xuan stood eight feet, unmatched in bearing, and still drilled in arms though he wore high rank. Gaozu watched horse games at Deyang Hall and bade Xuan shoot from the saddle; his arrow struck true and the court was delighted. That day he had artists paint Xuan and sent an emissary with the scroll: "Do you know this face?" So close was he to the throne.
18
時魏降人王足陳計，求堰淮水以灌壽陽。 足引北方童謠曰：「荊山爲上格，浮山爲下格，潼沱爲激溝，併灌鉅野澤。」 高祖以爲然，使水工陳承伯、材官將軍祖暅視地形，咸謂淮內沙土漂輕，不堅實，其功不可就。 高祖弗納，發徐、揚人，率二十戶取五丁以築之。 假絢節、都督淮上諸軍事，並護堰作，役人及戰士，有衆二十萬。 於鐘離南起浮山，北抵巉石，依岸以築土，合脊於中流。 十四年，堰將合，淮水漂疾，輒復決潰，衆患之。 或謂江、淮多有蛟，能乘風雨決壞崖岸，其性惡鐵，因是引東西二冶鐵器，大則釜鬵，小則鋘鋤，數千萬斤，沉于堰所。 猶不能合，乃伐樹爲井幹，填以巨石，加土其上。 緣淮百里內，岡陵木石，無巨細必盡，負擔者肩上皆穿。 夏日疾疫，死者相枕，蠅蟲晝夜聲相合。 高祖愍役人淹久，遣尚書右僕射袁昂、侍中謝舉假節慰勞之，并加蠲復。 是冬又寒甚，淮、泗盡凍，士卒死者十七八，高祖復遣賜以衣袴。 十一月，魏遣將楊大眼揚聲決堰，絢命諸軍撤營露次以待之。 遣其子悅挑戰，斬魏咸陽王府司馬徐方興，魏軍小卻。 十二月，魏遣其尚書僕射李曇定督衆軍來戰，絢與徐州刺史劉思祖等距之。 高祖又遣右衛將軍昌義之、太僕卿魚弘文、直閤曹世宗、徐元和相次距守。 十五年四月，堰乃成。 其長九里，下闊一百四十丈，上廣四十五丈，高二十丈，深十九丈五尺。 夾之以堤，并樹杞柳，軍人安堵，列居其上。 其水清潔，俯視居人墳墓，了然皆在其下。 或人謂絢曰：「四瀆，天所以節宣其氣，不可久塞。 若鑿湫東注，則遊波寬緩，堰得不壞。」 絢然之，開湫東注。 又縱反間于魏曰：「梁人所懼開湫，不畏野戰。」 魏人信之，果鑿山深五丈，開湫北注，水日夜分流，湫猶不減。 其月，魏軍竟潰而歸。 水之所及，夾淮方數百里地。 魏壽陽城戍稍徙頓於八公山，此南居人散就岡壟。
Then Wang Zu, a man who had come over from Wei, urged damming the Huai to drown Shouyang. Zu quoted a northern rhyme: "Jing Mountain the upper gate, Floating Mountain the lower, Tong and Tuo the rushing trench, flooding Juye as one." Gaozu agreed and sent Chen Chengbai and Zu Chong to survey; all said the Huai's sand was loose and shifting and the work would never hold. Gaozu overruled them and drafted Xu and Yang, one man from every five households in a group of twenty. Xuan received brevet staff, command on the Huai, and oversight of the dam—two hundred thousand workers and soldiers together. South of Zhongli they built Floating Mountain north to Jieshi, heaping earth along the shore until the crests joined in mid-river. In year fourteen, as the dam neared closure, the Huai surged and tore it open again and again, and the workers despaired. Some said dragons of the Jiang and Huai ride storms to burst earthworks and loathe iron; they hauled tens of millions of pounds of cauldrons, tripods, and hoes from eastern and western forges and sank them into the breach. Still the waters would not join; then they cut timber into well-curb cages, packed them with boulders, and piled earth on top. For a hundred li along the Huai every hill and tree and stone, large or small, was stripped bare; porters' shoulders wore to the bone. Summer brought plague; corpses lay stacked and flies and gnats hummed without cease. Gaozu pitied their long labor and sent Yuan Ang and Xie Ju with brevet staff to comfort the workers and lighten their taxes. Winter froze the Huai and Si; seven or eight in ten soldiers died of cold; Gaozu sent coats and trousers again. In the eleventh month Yang Dayan of Wei boasted he would break the dam; Xuan had the hosts break camp and wait in the open. He sent his son Yue to fight; Yue slew Xu Fangxing, major of the Prince of Xianyang's household, and Wei fell back a little. In the twelfth month Li Xianding of Wei led the armies; Xuan and Liu Sigu of Xuzhou met them. Gaozu sent Chang Yizhi, Yu Hongwen, Cao Shizong, and Xu Yuanhe in turn to reinforce the defense. In year fifteen, fourth month, the dam closed at last. It stretched nine li, one hundred forty zhang at the base, forty-five at the crown, twenty high, nineteen zhang five chi deep. Banks were flanked with dikes and planted with qi willow; the troops camped in ranks along the crest. The water ran clear; looking down you could see the graves of the living below as if on a map. A man told Xuan, "The four great rivers are how Heaven vents its breath—they cannot stay dammed forever. Open the sluice eastward and the flood will spread and ease—the dam may hold." Xuan agreed and cut the eastern sluice. He also fed Wei a lie: "Liang fears the sluice, not open battle." Wei believed him and dug five zhang into the mountain, opening the sluice north; water split day and night yet the sluice barely fell. That month Wei broke and marched home. The flood spread several hundred li along both banks of the Huai. Wei's Shouyang garrison drew back toward Eight-Dukes Mountain; south of there people fled to the hills.
19
初，堰起於徐州界，刺史張豹子宣言於境，謂己必尸其事。 旣而絢以他官來監作，豹子甚慚。 俄而敕豹子受絢節度，每事輒先諮焉，由是遂譖絢與魏交通，高祖雖不納，猶以事畢征絢。 尋以絢爲持節、都督司州諸軍事、信武將軍、司州刺史，領安陸太守，增封二百戶。 絢還後，豹子不脩堰，至其秋八月，淮水暴長，堰悉壞決，奔流于海，祖暅坐下獄。 絢在州三年，大修城隍，號爲嚴政。
When the dam began on Xuzhou soil, Inspector Zhang Baozi announced in his district that the work was his to command. Then Xuan arrived in another post to oversee the work and Baozi burned with shame. Soon Baozi was ordered under Xuan's command and had to consult him on everything; he then accused Xuan of dealing with Wei; Gaozu dismissed the charge but recalled Xuan when the work was done. Soon he took staff, command of Si, Trustworthy Martial General, the inspectorate, Anlu as well, and two hundred added households. After Xuan left, Baozi let the dam rot; in autumn of the eighth month the Huai burst and the whole work collapsed into the sea, and Zu Chong went to prison. For three years in office he rebuilt walls and ditches and was famed for stern government.
20
絢寬和少喜懼，在朝廷，見人如不能言，號爲長厚。 在省，每寒月見省官繿縷，輒遺以襦衣，其好施如此。 子悅嗣。
Xuan was mild and slow to fear; in court he looked as though he could not find words, and men called him long-suffering. In the ministries, whenever winter showed an officer in tatters, he sent a padded coat—so he gave. His son Yue inherited.
21
四年，大舉北伐，揚州刺史臨川王督衆軍軍洛口，義之以州兵受節度，爲前軍，攻魏梁城戍，克之。 五年，高祖以征役久，有詔班師，衆軍各退散，魏中山王元英乘勢追躡，攻沒馬頭，城內糧儲，魏悉移之歸北。 議者咸曰：「魏運米北歸，當無復南向。」 高祖曰：「不然，此必進兵，非其實也。」 乃遣土匠修塹營鐘離城，敕義之爲戰守之備。 是冬，英果率其安樂王元道明、平東將軍楊大眼等衆數十萬，來寇鐘離。 鐘離城北阻淮水，魏人於邵陽洲西岸作浮橋，跨淮通道。 英據東岸，大眼據西岸，以攻城。 時城中衆才三千人，義之督帥，隨方抗禦。 魏軍乃以車載土填塹，使其衆負土隨之，嚴騎自後蹙焉。 人有未及回者，因以土迮之，俄而塹滿。 英與大眼躬自督戰，晝夜苦攻，分番相代，墜而復升，莫有退者。 又設飛樓及沖車撞之，所值城土輒頹落。 義之乃以泥補缺，沖車雖入而不能壞。 義之善射，其被攻危急之處，輒馳往救之，每彎弓所向，莫不應弦而倒。 一日戰數十合，前後殺傷者萬計，魏軍死者與城平。
In year four came the great northern expedition; the Prince of Linchuan commanded from Luokou; Yizhi's provincial army served as vanguard, stormed Wei's Liangcheng garrison, and took it. In year five Gaozu ordered withdrawal after the long campaign; as the hosts scattered, Yuan Ying of Wei pursued, seized Matou, and hauled every grain store north. The counselors said, "Wei hauls grain north—they will not come south again." Gaozu said, "No. This is a feint for advance, not retreat." He sent laborers to dig trenches and strengthen Zhongli and told Yizhi to ready for siege and defense. That winter Ying came with Yuan Daoming, Yang Dayan, and hundreds of thousands to strike Zhongli. North of Zhongli lay the Huai; Wei built a floating bridge from Shaoyang Isle's west bank to cross the river. Ying held the east bank, Dayan the west, and together they besieged the walls. Only three thousand men held the city; Yizhi commanded and met each assault where it fell. Wei loaded carts with earth for the moat and drove the people forward with earth on their backs, cavalry pressing from behind. Men who could not turn in time were buried under their own loads; soon the ditch was full. Ying and Dayan fought in person, attacking day and night in relays; men fell from the walls and climbed back, none yielding. They raised flying towers and battering rams; each blow shook earth from the walls. Yizhi smeared the breaches with mud; the rams entered the gap yet could not bring the wall down. Yizhi shot well; wherever the fight turned desperate he rode to it, and every arrow he loosed dropped its man. They fought dozens of clashes in a day; casualties mounted to the tens of thousands, and Wei's dead piled even with the ramparts.
22
六年四月，高祖遣曹景宗、韋睿帥衆二十萬救焉，旣至，與魏戰，大破之，英、大眼等各脫身奔走。 義之因率輕兵追至洛口而還。 斬首俘生，不可勝計。 以功進號軍師將軍，增封二百戶，遷持節、督青冀二州諸軍事、征虜將軍、青冀二州刺史。 未拜，改督南兗兗徐青冀五州諸軍事、輔國將軍、南兗州刺史。 坐禁物出籓，爲有司所奏免。 其年，補朱衣直閤，除左驍騎將軍，直閤如故。 遷太子右衛率，領越騎校尉，假節。 八年，出爲持節、督湘州諸軍事、征遠將軍、湘州刺史。 九年，以本號還朝，俄爲司空臨川王司馬，將軍如故。 十年，遷右衛將軍。 十三年，徙爲左衛將軍。
In year six, fourth month, Gaozu sent Cao Jingzong and Wei Rui with two hundred thousand; they met Wei and shattered them; Ying and Dayan fled for their lives. Yizhi led light horse in pursuit to Luokou and turned back. He beheaded the enemy and took captives beyond count. For merit he gained Army Adviser General, two hundred more households, and moved to bearer of credentials, area commander of Qing and Ji, expeditionary general, and inspector of both provinces. Before taking post he was reassigned to command five provinces' military affairs—South Yan, Yan, Xu, Qing, and Ji—as assists-the-state general and South Yan inspector. For exporting prohibited goods from his fief, the censors impeached him and he was dismissed. That year he was added as vermilion-robe direct attendant, made left raiding cavalry general, and kept his direct-attendant post. He became right commandant of the crown prince's guard, also colonel of the upright cavalry, with acting credentials. In year eight he went out with credentials, as area commander of Xiang, far-campaign general, and Xiang inspector. In year nine he returned to court under his old title; soon he was staff officer to the prince of Linchuan, minister of works, general as before. In year ten he became right palace guard general. In year thirteen he was made left palace guard general.
23
是冬，高祖遣太子右衛率康絢督衆軍作荊山堰。 明年，魏遣將李曇定大衆逼荊山，揚聲欲決堰，詔假義之節，帥太僕卿魚弘文、直閤將軍曹世宗、徐元和等救絢，軍未至，絢等已破魏軍。 魏又遣大將李平攻峽石，圍直閤將軍趙祖悅，義之又率朱衣直閤王神念等救之。 時魏兵盛，神念攻峽石浮橋不能克，故援兵不得時進，遂陷峽石。 義之班師，爲有司所奏，高祖以其功臣，不問也。
That winter Gaozu sent Kang Xuan, right commandant of the crown prince's guard, to oversee all forces building the Jingshan dam. Next year Wei sent Li Tanding with a large force against Jingshan, claiming they would burst the dam; Yizhi was given acting credentials and led Yu Hongwen, grand master of the imperial stud, direct-attendant Cao Shizong, Xu Yuanhe, and others to aid Xuan—the relief force had not arrived when Xuan had already routed Wei. Wei again sent Li Ping against Xiashi and besieged Zhao Zuyue; Yizhi again led vermilion-robe direct attendant Wang Shennian and others to the relief. Wei was strong; Shennian failed to take Xiashi's pontoon bridge, the relief could not come up in time, and the place fell. Yizhi withdrew and was impeached; Gaozu, treating him as a meritorious minister, let the matter drop.
24
十五年，復以爲使持節、都督湘州諸軍事、信威將軍、湘州刺史。 其年，改授都督北徐州緣淮諸軍事、平北將軍、北徐州刺史。 義之性寬厚，爲將能撫御，得人死力，及居籓任，吏民安之。 俄給鼓吹一部，改封營道縣侯，邑戶如先。 普通三年，徵爲護軍將軍，鼓吹如故。 四年十月，卒。 高祖深痛惜之，詔曰：「護軍將軍、營道縣開國侯昌義之，幹略沉濟，志懷寬隱，誠著運始，效彰邊服。 方申爪牙，寄以禁旅； 奄至殞喪，惻愴于懷。 可贈散騎常侍、車騎將軍，并鼓吹一部。 給東園秘器，朝服一具。 賻錢二萬，布二百匹，蠟二百斤。 諡曰烈。」
In year fifteen he was again made full-credentials bearer, commander of Xiang military affairs, trustworthy martial general, and Xiang inspector. That year he was reassigned to command North Xuzhou forces along the Huai as pacification north general and North Xuzhou inspector. Generous by nature, Yizhi as a general won men to die for him; in a provincial post officials and commoners were secure. Soon he received martial pipes and drums and was re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Yingdao with the same household quota. In Putong year three he was summoned as protector of the army general, pipes and drums unchanged. In the tenth month of year four he died. Gaozu mourned him deeply and decreed: "Protector of the Army General, founding Marquis of Yingdao, Chang Yizhi—deeply capable in counsel, mild of heart, loyal from the dynasty's rise, his merit plain on the border. He was just to prove his worth when we entrusted him with the palace guard; suddenly he died—and grief pierces my breast. Posthumously he shall be made regular attendant cavalier attendant-in-ordinary and chariot-and-cavalry general, with pipes and drums as well. Eastern Garden funeral gear and one court robe. Funeral bounty: twenty thousand cash, two hundred bolts of cloth, two hundred jin of wax. Posthumous title: Lie (Stalwart)."
25
子寶業嗣，官至直閤將軍、譙州刺史。
His son Baoye succeeded and rose to direct-attendant general and Qiao inspector.
26
陳吏部尚書姚察曰：張惠紹、馮道根、康絢、昌義之，初起從上，其功則輕。 及羣盜焚門，而惠紹以力戰顯； 合肥、邵陽之逼，而道根、義之功多； 浮山之役起，而康絢典其事：互有厥勞，寵進宜矣。 先是鎮星守天江而堰興，及退舍而堰決，非徒人事，有天道矣。 [1]
Chen minister of personnel Yao Cha said: Zhang Huishao, Feng Daogen, Kang Xuan, and Chang Yizhi—when they first followed the founding, their merit was slight. When rioters torched the gates, Huishao distinguished himself in battle; At Hefei and Shaoyang, Daogen and Yizhi did the heavier work; When the Fushan affair began, Kang Xuan ran it: each earned his place—favor was rightly granted. When Saturn held the Heavenly River the dam rose; when it moved off the dam broke—not human effort alone—Heaven was involved. [1] Editorial footnote marker.
27
全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Liang (May 1973).