1
梁書卷第十九列傳第十三
Book of Liang, Volume 19, Biographies 13
2
宗夬劉坦樂藹
Zong Guai; Liu Tan; Yue Ai
3
宗夬字明敭，南陽涅陽人也，世居江陵。 祖炳，宋時徵太子庶子不就，有高名。 父繁，西中郎諮議參軍。
Zong Guai, styled Mingyang, came from Nieyang in Nanyang; his line had long lived in Jiangling. His grandfather Bing, summoned in Song as crown prince attendant but never took the post, was widely esteemed. His father Fan served as staff adviser to the western army commander.
4
夬少勤學，有局幹。 弱冠，舉郢州秀才，歷臨川王常侍、驃騎行參軍。 齊司徒竟陵王集學士于西邸，並見圖畫，夬亦預焉。 永明中，與魏和親，敕夬與尚書殿中郎任昉同接魏使，皆時選也。
From youth Guai studied hard and showed both breadth and backbone. At his capping he was named Yingzhou's outstanding talent, then served the Prince of Linchuan and the chief of staff's staff. The Qi Minister over the Masses, the Prince of Jingling, gathered scholars at the Western Lodge and had them painted; Guai was there. When Qi made peace with Wei in Yongming, Guai and Palace Director Ren Fang were chosen to receive the Wei envoys—both were men of the hour.
5
武帝嫡孫南郡王居西州，以夬管書記，夬旣以筆札被知，亦以貞正見許，故任焉。 俄而文惠太子薨，王爲皇太孫，夬仍管書記。 及太孫卽位，多失德，夬頗自疏，得爲秣陵令，遷尚書都官郎。 隆昌末，少帝見誅，寵舊多罹其禍，惟夬及傅昭以清正免。
Emperor Wu's legitimate grandson, the Prince of Nan Commandery, resided at Xizhou and put Guai in charge of his documents; Guai was known for his brushwork and trusted for rectitude, so he was given the post. Soon Crown Prince Wenhui died; the prince became imperial grandson, and Guai continued in charge of his documents. When the imperial grandson took the throne, his conduct often failed; Guai kept his distance, became magistrate of Moling, and was then promoted to Director of the Bureau of Punishments. At the end of Longchang, the young emperor was killed, and many of his favored old associates were caught in the disaster; only Guai and Fu Zhao escaped because they were pure and upright.
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明帝卽位，以夬爲郢州治中，有名稱職，以父老去官還鄉里。 南康王爲荊州刺史，引爲別駕。 義師起，遷西中郎諮議參軍，別駕如故。 時西土位望，惟夬與同郡樂藹、劉坦爲州人所推信，故領軍將軍蕭穎胄深相委仗，每事諮焉。 高祖師發雍州，穎胄遣夬出自楊口，面稟經略，並護送軍資，高祖甚禮之。 中興初，遷御史中丞，以父憂去職。 起爲冠軍將軍、衛軍長史。 天監元年，遷征虜長史、東海太守，將軍如故。 二年，徵爲太子右衛率。 是冬，遷五兵尚書，參掌大選。 三年，卒，時年四十九。 子曜卿嗣。
When Emperor Ming took the throne, Guai was made administrative aide of Yingzhou. He had a good reputation and was competent in office, but because his father was old he left office and returned to his village. When the Prince of Nankang became inspector of Jingzhou, he brought Guai in as aide-de-camp. When the righteous army rose, Guai was promoted to advisory army aide to the Western Central Commandant, while remaining aide-de-camp as before. At the time, among men of rank and reputation in the western lands, only Guai, Yue Ai, and Liu Tan of the same commandery were trusted and recommended by the people of the province, so General of the Army Xiao Yingzhou relied deeply on them and consulted them on every matter. When Gaozu's army set out from Yongzhou, Yingzhou sent Guai out by way of Yangkou to receive his strategy in person and escort military supplies; Gaozu treated him with great courtesy. At the beginning of Zhongxing, Guai was promoted to Palace Assistant Censor, but left office for mourning his father. He was recalled as Champion General and chief clerk to the Guard General. In Tianjian 1, he was transferred as chief clerk to the General Who Subdues Captives and administrator of Donghai, retaining his general's rank as before. In the second year, he was summoned to be Crown Prince Right Guard Commander. That winter he was transferred to Minister of the Five Arms and took part in managing the great selection of officials. He died in the third year, aged forty-nine. His son Yaoqing inherited.
7
夬從弟岳，有名行，州裏稱之，出於夬右。 仕歷尚書庫部郎，郢州治中，北中郎錄事參軍事。
His cousin Yue was famed for conduct; the district praised him above Guai. He rose through Director of the Arsenal, Yingzhou chief clerk, and recorder on the northern army staff.
8
劉坦，字德度，南陽安衆人也，晉鎮東將軍喬之七世孫。 坦少爲從兄虯所知。 齊建元初，爲南郡王國常侍，尋補孱陵令，遷南中郎錄事參軍，所居以幹濟稱。
Liu Tan, styled Dedu, came from Anzhong in Nanyang, seventh in descent from Jin's eastern guardian Liu Qiao. From youth his elder cousin Jiao knew him. At Qi's Jianyuan opening he attended the Prince of Nan commandery, soon became Chanling magistrate, then southern army recorder, famed everywhere for capable rule.
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南康王爲荊州刺史，坦爲西中郎中兵參軍，領長流。 義師起，遷諮議參軍。 時輔國將軍楊公則爲湘州刺史，帥師赴夏口，西朝議行州事者，坦謂衆曰：「湘境人情，易擾難信。 若專用武士，則百姓畏侵漁； 若遣文人，則威略不振。 必欲鎮靜一州城，軍民足食，則無逾老臣。 先零之役，竊以自許。」 遂從之。 乃除輔國長史、長沙太守，行湘州事。 坦嘗在湘州，多舊恩，道迎者甚衆。 下車簡選堪事吏，分詣十郡，悉發人丁，運租米三十餘萬斛，致之義師，資糧用給。
When the Prince of Nankang held Jingzhou, Tan was western staff middle army officer, leading the long current. When the Righteous Army rose, he became staff adviser. Supporting-the-state general Yang Gongze was Xiangzhou inspector, marching to Xia mouth; the western court debated who should run the province; Tan said, "Xiang country is quick to stir and slow to trust. Send only warriors and the people fear plunder; send only men of letters and authority will not hold. To quiet the province and feed army and people, none surpasses this old servant. In the Xianlian campaign—I dare answer for that." They took his counsel. He was made supporting-the-state chief of staff, Changsha grand administrator, and acting Xiangzhou inspector. He had served in Xiang before and held many ties; crowds met him on the road. He chose able clerks for ten commanderies, mustered labor, and forwarded three hundred thousand hu of tax grain to the Righteous Army.
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時東昏遣安成太守劉希祖破西臺所選太守范僧簡於平都，希祖移檄湘部，於是始興內史王僧粲應之。 邵陵人逐其內史褚洊，永陽人周暉起兵攻始安郡，並應僧粲。 桂陽人邵曇弄、鄧道介報復私仇，因合黨亦同焉。 僧粲自號平西將軍、湘州刺史，以永陽人周舒爲謀主，師于建寧。 自是湘部諸郡，悉皆蜂起； 惟臨湘、湘陰、瀏陽、羅四縣猶全。 州人咸欲泛舟逃走，坦悉聚船焚之，遣將尹法略距僧粲，相持未決。 前湘州鎮軍鐘玄紹潛謀應僧粲，要結士庶數百人，皆連名定計，刻日反州城。 坦聞其謀，偽爲不知，因理訟至夜，而城門遂不閉，以疑之。 玄紹未及發，明旦詣坦問其故。 坦久留與語，密遣親兵收其家書。 玄紹在坐未起，而收兵已報具得其文書本末，玄紹卽首伏，於坐斬之。 焚其文書，其餘黨悉無所問，衆愧且服，州部遂安。 法略與僧粲相持累月，建康城平，公則還州，羣賊始散。
Donghun's Liu Xizu defeated the western court's Fan Senjian at Pingdu and issued a call across Xiang; Shixing interior governor Wang Sengru answered. Shaoling drove out Chu Zhan; Yongyang's Zhou Hui attacked Shian—all joined Sengru. Guiyang's Shao Tanlong and Deng Daojie, settling private scores, joined as well. Sengru called himself pacifying-the-west general and Xiangzhou inspector, set Zhou Shu of Yongyang as strategist, and camped at Jianning. Then every Xiang commandery rose; only Linxiang, Xiangyin, Liuyang, and Luo still stood intact. The province meant to flee by boat; Tan burned the fleet, sent Yin Falüe against Sengru, and stalemate followed. Former garrison commander Zhong Xuanshao plotted for Sengru, binding hundreds of gentry to rise on a set day. Tan heard but played ignorant, heard suits till night, and left the gates open to breed doubt. Before Xuanshao moved, at dawn he came to ask why. Tan detained him in talk and sent soldiers to seize his papers. Still seated, Xuanshao learned the papers were taken; he confessed and was beheaded on the spot. The papers burned; the rest went untouched; shame and submission followed, and the province calmed. Falüe and Sengru fought for months; Jiankang fell, Gongze returned, and the rebels scattered.
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天監初，論功封荔浦縣子，邑三百戶。 遷平西司馬、新興太守。 天監三年，遷西中郎長史，卒，時年六十二。 子泉嗣。
At Tianjian's opening he was baron of Lipu with three hundred households. He became western army marshal and Xinxing grand administrator. In Tianjian year three he was western army chief of staff and died at sixty-two. His son Quan succeeded.
12
樂藹字蔚遠，南陽淯陽人，晉尚書令廣之六世孫，世居江陵。 其舅雍州刺史宗愨，嘗陳器物，試諸甥侄。 藹時尚幼，而所取惟書，愨由此奇之。 又取史傳各一卷授藹等，使讀畢，言所記。 藹略讀具舉，愨益善之。
Yue Ai, styled Weiyuan, came from Yuyang in Nanyang, sixth from Jin's Director Guang; his line lived in Jiangling. His uncle Zong Que, Jingzhou inspector, once set out vessels to test his nephews. Ai was young but chose only books; Que marveled. He gave each a history scroll, had them read, then recite from memory. Ai skimmed and named every point; Que prized him more.
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宋建平王景素爲荊州刺史，辟爲主簿。 景素爲南徐州，復爲征北刑獄參軍，遷龍陽相。 以父憂去職，吏民詣州請之，葬訖起焉。 時齊豫章王嶷爲武陵太守，雅善藹爲政，及嶷爲荊州刺史，以藹爲驃騎行參軍、領州主簿，參知州事。 嶷嘗問藹風土舊俗，城隍基啉寺，山川險易，藹隨問立對，若按圖牒，嶷益重焉。 州人嫉之，或譖藹廨門如市，嶷遣覘之，方見藹閉閣讀書。 嶷還都，以藹爲太尉刑獄參軍，典書記，遷枝江令。 還爲大司馬中兵參軍，轉署記室。
Song's Prince of Pingyang, inspector of Jingzhou, made him chief clerk. When Jingsu held southern Xuzhou, Ai served on the northern punitive staff, then became Longyang magistrate. His father's mourning took him away; officials and people begged the province to recall him, and after burial he returned. Qi's Prince of Yuzhang Diao, Wuling grand administrator, prized his rule; when Diao became Jingzhou inspector, he made Ai a staff officer and head clerk, sharing provincial affairs. Diao asked about custom, walls, temples, and passes; Ai answered as from a map, and Diao esteemed him more. Envious men said his gate was a market; Diao watched and found him reading behind closed doors. Diao returned to court; Ai became Grand Marshal punitive staff officer, ran the secretariat, then Zhijiang magistrate. He returned as Grand Marshal middle army officer, then acting recorder.
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永明八年，荊州刺史巴東王子響稱兵反，旣敗，焚燒府舍，官曹文書，一時蕩盡。 武帝引見藹，問以西事，藹上對詳敏，帝悅焉。 用爲荊州治中，敕付以修復府州事。 藹還州，繕脩廨署數百區，頃之咸畢，而役不及民。 荊部以爲自晉王悅移鎮以來，府舍未之有也。
In Yongming year eight Prince Zixiang of Badong rebelled; defeated, he burned the offices and every record was lost. The Emperor summoned him, asked about the west; his answers pleased the throne. He was made Jingzhou chief clerk and ordered to rebuild the seat. Back in the province he rebuilt hundreds of offices at once without burdening the people. Jing said that since Jin's Wang Yue moved the seat, no seat had matched it.
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九年，豫章王嶷薨，藹解官赴喪，率荊、湘二州故吏，建碑墓所。 累遷車騎平西錄事參軍、步兵校尉，求助戍西歸。
In year nine Prince Diao died; Ai mourned, led old Jing and Xiang clerks, and raised a tomb stele. He rose to chariot-and-cavalry western recorder and infantry commandant, then begged leave to guard the west.
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南康王爲西中郎，以藹爲諮議參軍。 義師起，蕭穎胄引藹及宗夬、劉坦，任以經略。 梁台建，遷鎮軍司馬、中書侍郎、尚書左丞。 時營造器甲，舟艦軍糧，及朝廷儀憲，悉資藹焉。 尋遷給事黃門侍郎，左丞如故。 和帝東下，道兼衛尉卿。
When the Prince of Nankang commanded the western army, Ai was staff adviser. When the Righteous Army rose, Xiao Yingzhou brought in Ai, Zong Guai, and Liu Tan for strategy. When the Liang headquarters was founded, he became guarding-the-state marshal, Secretariat gentleman, and Left Director. Forging arms, building ships, army grain, and court ritual all ran through Ai. Soon he was Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, Left Director unchanged. When Emperor He went east, Ai served as Commandant of the Guard on the road.
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天監初，遷驍騎將軍、領少府卿； 俄遷御史中丞，領本州大中正。 初，藹發江陵，無故於船得八車輻，如中丞健步避道者，至是果遷焉。 藹性公強，居憲臺甚稱職。 時長沙宣武王將葬，而車府忽於庫火油絡，欲推主者。 藹曰：「昔晉武庫火，張華以爲積油萬石必然。 今庫若有灰，非吏罪也。」 旣而檢之，果有積灰。 時稱其博物弘恕焉。
At Tianjian's opening he was Raiding Cavalry General and palace workshop director; soon Censor-in-Chief and head of his province's great rectifiers. Leaving Jiangling he had found eight carriage hubs on the boat, like a censor stepping aside—and now the omen held. Fair and forceful, he shone at the censorate. Prince Xuan of Changsha was to be buried when the carriage office found lamp oil burning in the storehouse and sought a culprit. Ai said, "When Jin's arsenal burned, Zhang Hua said ten thousand stone of piled oil made fire inevitable. If ash lies in the storehouse, no clerk is to blame." Inspection found piled ash. The age praised his learning and his large forgiveness.
18
二年，出爲持節、督廣交越三州諸軍、冠軍將軍、平越中郎將、廣州刺史。 前刺史徐元瑜罷歸，道遇始興人士反，逐內史崔睦舒，因掠元瑜財產。 元瑜走歸廣州，借兵於藹，托欲討賊，而實謀襲藹。 藹覺之，誅元瑜。 尋進號征虜將軍，卒官。
In year two he went out with staff, commanding Guang, Jiao, and Yue, champion general, pacifying-the-Yue commander, and Guangzhou inspector. Former inspector Xu Yuanyu met Shixing rebels on the road; they drove out Cui Mushu and looted his goods. Yuanyu fled to Guangzhou, borrowed troops to hunt bandits, but meant to strike Ai. Ai saw through it and killed Yuanyu. Soon he was general who campaigns against barbarians and died in office.
19
藹姊適徵士同郡劉虯，亦明識有禮訓。 藹爲州，迎姊居官舍，參分祿秩，西土稱之。
His elder sister married the recluse Liu Jiao of his commandery, famed for discernment and ritual. As inspector he brought his sister to the yamen and shared salary; the west praised it.
20
子法才，字元備，幼與弟法藏俱有美名。 少游京師，造沈約，約見而稱之。 齊和帝爲相國，召爲府參軍，鎮軍蕭穎胄辟主簿。 梁臺建，除起部郎。 天監二年，藹出鎮嶺表，法才留任京邑，遷金部郎，父憂去官。 服闋，除中書通事舍人，出爲本州別駕。 入爲通直散騎侍郎，復掌通事，遷尚書右丞。 晉安王爲荊州，重除別駕從事史。 復徵爲尚書右丞，出爲招遠將軍、建康令。 不受俸秩，比去任，將至百金，縣曹啟輸臺庫。 高祖嘉其清節，曰：「居職若斯，可以爲百城表矣。」 卽日遷太府卿。 尋除南康內史，恥以讓俸受名，辭不拜。 俄轉雲騎將軍、少府卿。 出爲信武長史、江夏太守。 因被代，表便道還鄉。 至家，割宅爲寺，棲心物表。 皇太子以法才舊臣，累有優令，召使東下，未及發而卒，時年六十三。
His son Facai, styled Yuanbei, and his brother Fazang were both famed in youth. In youth he visited Shen Yue at the capital; Yue praised him. When Emperor He of Qi was prime minister, Facai joined his staff; Xiao Yingzhou made him chief clerk. When the Liang headquarters was founded, he was Gentleman who initiates affairs. In Tianjian year two Ai went south; Facai stayed at court as Director of the Treasury, then mourned his father. After mourning he handled Secretariat affairs and went out as native province chief clerk. He entered as Regular Attendant, again handled affairs, then became Right Director. When the Prince of Jin'an held Jingzhou, he was again chief clerk and staff officer. Recalled as Right Director, he went out as general who invites from afar and Jiankang magistrate. He took no salary; near a hundred jin of gold had gathered when he left, and the county reported it to the central treasury. Gaozu prized his integrity and said, "To hold office like this is to be a model for a hundred cities.” That same day he was made grand chamberlain. Soon named Nankang interior administrator, he refused the post rather than accept a title earned by yielding his salary. Before long he became cloud-cavalry general and minister of palace supplies. He went out as Trustworthy Martial chief clerk and Jiangxia administrator. Replaced in office, he asked leave to go home by the direct route. At home he gave part of his house for a temple and turned his mind from the world. The crown prince, holding Facai an old servant, sent him generous summons east again and again; he died before he could leave, at sixty-three.
21
陳吏部尚書姚察曰：蕭穎胄起大州之衆以會義，當其時，人心未之能悟。 此三人者，楚之鎮也。 經營締構，蓋有力焉。 方面之功，坦爲多矣； 當官任事，藹則兼之。 咸登寵秩，宜乎！
Chen minister of personnel Yao Cha said: Xiao Yingzhou gathered a great province’s forces for the founding cause; then few yet saw what was coming. These three were Chu’s pillars. In planning and laying the foundations they surely did heavy work. On the frontier Tan did the heavier part; in office and in duty Ai had both. All rose to favored rank—as they should!