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梁書卷第三十九列傳第三十三
Book of Liang, Volume 39, Biography 33
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元法僧元樹元願達王神念楊華羊侃子鶤羊鴉仁
Yuan Faseng; Yuan Shu; Yuan Yuanda; Wang Shenian; Yang Hua; Yang Kan; Kun; Yang Yaren
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元法僧，魏氏之支屬也。 其始祖道武帝。 父鐘葵，江陽王。 法僧仕魏，歷光祿大夫，後爲使持節、都督徐州諸軍事、徐州刺史，鎮彭城。 普通五年，魏室大亂，法僧遂據鎮稱帝，誅鋤異己，立諸子爲王，部署將帥，欲議匡復。 旣而魏亂稍定，將討法僧。 法僧懼，乃遣使歸款，請爲附庸，高祖許焉，授侍中、司空，封始安郡公，邑五千戶。 及魏軍旣逼，法僧請還朝，高祖遣中書舍人朱异迎之。 旣至，甚加優寵。 時方事招攜，撫悅降附，賜法僧甲第女樂及金帛，前後不可勝數。 法僧以在魏之日，久處疆埸之任，每因寇掠，殺戮甚多，求兵自衛，詔給甲仗百人，出入禁闥。 大通二年，加冠軍將軍。 中大通元年，轉車騎將軍。 四年，進太尉，領金紫光祿。 其年，立爲東魏主，不行，仍授使持節、散騎常侍、驃騎大將軍、開府同三司之儀、郢州刺史。 大同二年，徵爲侍中、太尉，領軍師將軍，薨，時年八十三。 二子景隆、景仲，普通中隨法僧入朝。
Yuan Faseng belonged to a cadet line of Northern Wei. His line traced back to Emperor Daowu. His father Zhongkui held the title Prince of Jiangyang. In Wei service he reached Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, then held full staff authority as area commander of Xuzhou forces, inspector of Xuzhou, with his seat at Pengcheng. When Putong year 5 brought chaos to Wei, Faseng took his post, crowned himself, purged rivals, made his sons kings, and arrayed commanders for a campaign to restore the throne. As Wei’s turmoil subsided, the court turned to punish Faseng. Terrified, Faseng sent envoys to swear allegiance and ask for protected status. Emperor Wu agreed, made him Palace Attendant and Minister of Works, and created him Duke of Shian with five thousand households. As Wei troops closed in, Faseng begged to come south; the emperor sent Zhu Yi of the Secretariat to receive him. On arrival he was showered with honors. The court was wooing turncoats, and Faseng received mansions, musicians, gold, and silk beyond counting. Years on the border in Wei service had left him with many enemies from raiding; he asked for a guard, and the throne gave him a hundred armored men and access to the inner palace. In Datong year 2 he was made General of the Champion. Zhongdatong year 1 brought promotion to General of Chariots and Cavalry. Four years later he rose to Grand Commandant, bearing the golden seal of Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. The same year he was named sovereign of Eastern Wei—a title he never exercised—yet kept staff authority, Regular Attendant, General-in-Chief of Agile Cavalry, Three-Duke ceremonial rank with an open office, and the Yingzhou inspectorate. Datong year 2 recalled him as Palace Attendant and Grand Commandant with the Army Instructor generalship; he died at eighty-three. His sons Jinglong and Jingzhong followed him to Liang during Putong.
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景隆封沌陽縣公，邑千戶，出爲持節、都督廣越交桂等十三州諸軍事、平南將軍、平越中郎將、廣州刺史。 中大通三年，徵侍中、安右將軍。 四年，爲征北將軍、徐州刺史，封彭城王，不行，俄除侍中、度支尚書。 太清初，又爲使持節、都督廣越交桂等十三州諸軍事、征南將軍、平越中郎將、廣州刺史，行至雷首，遇疾卒，時年五十八。
Jinglong became Duke of Dunyang with a thousand-household fief, then went south as staff-bearing commander over thirteen provinces, General Who Pacifies the South, Pacifier of Yue, and inspector of Guangzhou. Zhongdatong year 3 brought him back as Palace Attendant and General Who Guards the Right. Year 4 made him General Who Campaigns North and Xuzhou inspector and Prince of Pengcheng, though he never went; shortly he was Palace Attendant and Minister of Revenue instead. Early in Taiqing he returned to Guangzhou with the same vast command, reached Leishou, sickened, and died at fifty-eight.
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景仲封枝江縣公，邑千戶，拜侍中、右衛將軍。 大通三年，增封，並前爲二千戶，仍賜女樂一部。 出爲持節、都督廣、越等十三州諸軍事、宣惠將軍、平越中郎將、廣州刺史。 大同中，徵侍中、左衛將軍。 兄景隆後爲廣州刺史。 侯景作亂，以景仲元氏之族，遣信誘之，許奉爲主。 景仲乃舉兵，將下應景。 會西江督護陳霸先與成州刺史王懷明等起兵攻之，霸先徇其衆曰：「朝廷以元景仲與賊連從，謀危社稷，今使曲江公勃爲刺史，鎮撫此州。」 衆聞之，皆棄甲而散，景仲乃自縊而死。
Jingzhong received Zhijiang duke with a thousand households and posts as Palace Attendant and General of the Right Guard. Datong year 3 enlarged his fief to two thousand households and gave him a company of palace musicians. He then took staff authority over Guang and Yue as General Who Proclaims Grace, Pacifier of Yue, and Guangzhou inspector. During Datong he was recalled as Palace Attendant and General of the Left Guard. His brother Jinglong had already served as Guangzhou inspector. Hou Jing’s revolt led him to court Yuan Jingzhong as a puppet emperor, sending envoys with that pledge. Jingzhong mobilized to link arms with Hou Jing from the south. Chen Baxian of the West River commandery and Chengzhou inspector Wang Huaiming rose against him. Baxian told the soldiers, “The throne judges Yuan Jingzhong in league with Hou Jing and a danger to the realm. Duke Bo of Qujiang is coming as your new inspector.” At the news his army melted away; Jingzhong strangled himself.
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元樹，字君立，亦魏之近屬也。 祖獻文帝。 父僖，咸陽王。 樹仕魏爲宗正卿，屬尒朱榮亂，以天監八年歸國，封爲鄴王，邑二千戶，拜散騎常侍。 普通六年，應接元法僧還朝，遷使持節、督郢司霍三州諸軍事、雲麾將軍、郢州刺史，增封並前爲三千戶。 討南蠻賊，平之，加散騎常侍、安西將軍，又增邑五百戶。 中大通二年，徵侍中、鎮右將軍。 四年，爲使持節，鎮北將軍，都督北討諸軍事，加鼓吹一部以伐魏，攻魏譙城，拔之。 會魏將獨孤如願來援，遂圍樹，城陷被執，發憤卒于魏，時年四十八。
Yuan Shu, styled Junli, was another near kinsman of the Wei imperial house. His grandfather was Emperor Xianwen. His father Xi held the title Prince of Xianyang. In Wei he was Director of the Imperial Clan; after Erzhu Rong’s upheaval he defected in Tianjian year 8, was made Prince of Ye with two thousand households, and became Regular Attendant. Putong year 6 saw him escort Faseng home, then take staff command over Ying, Si, and Huo as General of Cloudlike Pennants and Yingzhou inspector, with his fief raised to three thousand households. A campaign against southern rebels succeeded; he gained Regular Attendant, General Who Pacifies the West, and five hundred more households. Zhongdatong year 2 recalled him as Palace Attendant and General Who Guards the Right. Year 4 gave him staff authority as General Who Guards the North and commander of the northern expedition, with war drums and orders against Wei; he stormed and seized Qiao. Dugu Ruyuan relieved the city, then trapped Shu until it fell. Captured in Wei, he died of humiliation at forty-eight.
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子貞，大同中，求隨魏使崔長謙至鄴葬父，還拜太子舍人。 太清初，侯景降，請元氏戚屬，願奉爲主，詔封貞爲咸陽王，以天子之禮遣還北，會景敗而返。
His son Zhen, in Datong, traveled north with envoy Cui Changqian to bury his father at Ye, came back, and became Attendant of the Heir Apparent. Early Taiqing brought Hou Jing’s offer to crown a Yuan prince; Zhen was made Prince of Xianyang and sent north in state, but Hou Jing’s fall sent him home again.
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元願達，亦魏之支庶也。 祖明元帝。 父樂平王。 願達仕魏爲中書令、郢州刺史。 普通中，大軍北伐，攻義陽，願達舉州獻款，詔封樂平公，邑千戶，賜甲第女樂。 仍出爲使持節、散騎常侍、都督湘州諸軍事、平南將軍、湘州刺史。 中大通二年，徵侍中、太中大夫、翊左將軍。 大同三年，卒，時年五十七。
Yuan Yuanda, too, came from a Wei cadet branch. His grandfather was Emperor Mingyuan. His father held the title Prince of Leping. In Wei he was Director of the Secretariat and inspector of Yingzhou. During Putong’s northern offensive on Yiyang he handed over his province; the court made him Duke of Leping with a thousand households, a mansion, and musicians. He next went to Xiangzhou with staff authority, Regular Attendant, General Who Pacifies the South, and the inspector’s seal. Zhongdatong year 2 brought him back as Palace Attendant, Grand Master for All, and General Who Assists the Left. He died in Datong year 3 at fifty-seven.
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王神念，太原祁人也。 少好儒術，尤明內典。 仕魏起家州主簿，稍遷潁川太守，遂據郡歸款。 魏軍至，與家屬渡江，封南城縣侯，邑五百戶。 頃之，除安成內史，又歷武陽、宣城內史，皆著治績。 還除太僕卿。 出爲持節、都督青、冀二州諸軍事、信武將軍、青、冀二州刺史。
Wang Shenian came from Qi in Taiyuan commandery. As a youth he studied Confucian texts and delved deep into Buddhist sutras. He entered Wei service as a prefectural aide, became Yingchuan inspector, then surrendered the commandery to Liang. Wei troops forced him across the Yangzi with his family; Liang enfeoffed him Marquis of Nancheng with five hundred households. He governed Ancheng, then Wuyang and Xuancheng, earning a name for effective rule in each. Recalled to court, he became Director of the Imperial Stud. He then took Qing and Ji as staff-bearing area commander, General of Trustworthy Martiality, and dual inspector.
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神念性剛正，所更州郡必禁止淫祠。 時青、冀州東北有石鹿山臨海，先有神廟，妖巫欺惑百姓，遠近祈禱，糜費極多。 及神念至，便令毀撤，風俗遂改。 普通中，大舉北伐，徵爲右衛將軍。 六年，遷使持節、散騎常侍、爪牙將軍，右衛如故。 遘疾卒，時年七十五。 詔贈本官、衡州刺史，兼給鼓吹一部。 諡曰壯。
Stern and upright, he banned improper cults wherever he served. On the coast northeast of Qing and Ji stood Stone Deer Mountain, long home to a spirit shrine where shamans bled the people dry with endless offerings. Shenian had the shrine torn down, and the custom died with it. Putong’s great northern expedition recalled him as General of the Right Guard. Year 6 added staff authority, Regular Attendant, and General of the Talons while he kept the Right Guard. Illness took him at seventy-five. The throne honored him with his last ranks plus Hengzhou inspector and a war-drum suite. His posthumous name was Zhuang (“Stalwart”).
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神念少善騎射，旣老不衰，嘗於高祖前手執二刀楯，左右交度，馳馬往來，冠絕羣伍。 時復有楊華者，能作驚軍騎，並一時妙捷，高祖深歎賞之。
A superb horse-archer even in old age, he once rode before Emperor Wu wielding twin sabers and shields, weaving them left and right at full gallop until none in the host could match him. Yang Hua, who could startle an army with his horsemanship, shared the spotlight; the emperor delighted in both men.
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子尊業，仕至太僕卿。 卒，贈信威將軍、青、冀二州刺史，鼓吹一部。 次子僧辯，別有傳。
His son Zunye reached Director of the Imperial Stud. After his death he received General of Trustworthy Prestige, the Qing-Ji inspectorate, and war drums. His second son Sengbian is treated in another chapter.
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楊華，武都仇池人也。 父大眼，爲魏名將。 華少有勇力，容貌雄偉，魏胡太后逼通之，華懼及禍，乃率其部曲來降。 胡太后追思之不能已，爲作《楊白華歌辭》，使宮人晝夜連臂蹋足歌之，辭甚悽惋焉。 華後累征伐，有戰功，歷官太僕卿，太子左衛率，封益陽縣侯。 太清中，侯景亂，華欲立志節，妻子爲賊所擒，遂降之，卒於賊。
Yang Hua came from Chouchi in Wudu. His father Yang Dayan was one of Wei’s great commanders. Young, strong, and striking in looks, he fled Wei after Empress Dowager Hu forced herself on him, bringing his household guard south. Hu could not forget him and wrote the “Yang Baihua” lyrics, set palace women to sing them ceaselessly, hand in hand, stamping the measure—the song was heartbreakingly sad. He fought in many campaigns, became Director of the Imperial Stud and Left Commandant of the Heir Apparent’s Guard, and was made Marquis of Yiyang. Taiqing’s Hou Jing rebellion found him wanting to stand firm until bandits seized his family; he submitted and died in their camp.
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羊侃字祖忻，泰山梁甫人，漢南陽太守續之裔也。 祖規，宋武帝之臨徐州，辟祭酒從事、大中正。 會薛安都舉彭城降北，規由是陷魏，魏授衛將軍、營州刺史。 父祉，魏侍中，金紫光祿大夫。 侃少而瑰偉，身長七尺八寸，雅愛文史，博涉書記，尤好《左氏春秋》及《孫吳兵法》。 弱冠隨父在梁州立功。 魏正光中，稍爲別將。 時秦州羌有莫遮念生者，據州反，稱帝，仍遣其弟天生率衆攻陷岐州，遂寇雍州。 侃爲偏將，隸蕭寶夤往討之，潛身巡緌，伺射天生，應弦卽倒，其衆遂潰。 以功遷使持節、征東大將軍、東道行臺，領泰山太守，進爵鉅平侯。
Yang Kan, styled Zuxin, of Liangfu in Taishan, traced his line to Han’s Yang Xu, grand administrator of Nanyang. His grandfather Gui served Song’s Emperor Wu when the latter was provisional Xuzhou inspector, joining his staff as libationer and Attendant for All. Xue Andu’s surrender of Pengcheng to Northern Wei left Gui on the wrong side of the line; Wei made him General of the Guard and Yingzhou inspector. His father Zhi held Wei’s Palace Attendant and golden Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Even young he was imposing—seven feet eight inches tall—loved literature, read widely, and favored the Zuo Commentary and the military classics of Sun and Wu. At twenty he campaigned with his father in Liangzhou and earned distinction. Under Wei’s Zhengguang era he rose to independent command. Qinzhou’s Qiang leader Mo Zhaoniansheng rebelled, crowned himself, and sent his brother Tiansheng to seize Qi Province and raid Yong. Serving under Xiao Baoyin, Kan stole along the front, drew on Tiansheng, and dropped him with one arrow; the rebels broke. The victory won him staff authority, General Who Campaigns East, eastern commissioner, Taishan administrator, and the marquisate of Juping.
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初，其父每有南歸之志，常謂諸子曰：「人生安可久淹異域，汝等可歸奉東朝。」 侃至是將舉河濟以成先志。 兗州刺史羊敦，侃從兄也，密知之，據州拒侃。 侃乃率精兵三萬襲之，弗剋，仍築十餘城以守之。 朝廷賞授，一與元法僧同。 遣羊鴉仁、王弁率軍應接，李元履運給糧仗。 魏帝聞之，使授侃驃騎大將軍、司徒、泰山郡公，長爲兗州刺史，侃斬其使者以徇。 魏人大駭，令僕射于暉率衆數十萬，及高歡、尒朱陽都等相繼而至，圍侃十餘重，傷殺甚衆。 柵中矢盡，南軍不進，乃夜潰圍而出，且戰且行，一日一夜乃出魏境。 至渣口，衆尚萬餘人，馬二千匹，將入南，士卒並竟夜悲歌。 侃乃謝曰：「卿等懷土，理不能見隨，幸適去留，於此別異。」 因各拜辭而去。
His father had long dreamed of the south and told his sons, “No one should die a stranger—go back and serve the Liang.” Kan now meant to stir the Yellow and Ji region to honor that vow. His cousin Yang Dun, Yanzhou inspector, got wind of the plot and barred the province against him. Kan hit him with thirty thousand elite troops, failed to take him, and ringed the land with a dozen fortified camps. Liang treated him with the same honors it had given Yuan Faseng. Yang Yaren and Wang Bian marched to his aid while Li Yuanlü ran supplies. Wei tried to buy him with General-in-Chief of Agile Cavalry, Minister of Works, Duke of Taishan, and permanent Yanzhou inspector; Kan killed the envoy and exposed the head. Wei sent Yu Hui with hundreds of thousands, then Gao Huan and Erzhu Yangdu in waves, wrapping Kan in layer after layer of siege and slaughter. When arrows failed and southern relief stalled, he burst out at night, fighting nonstop for a day and a night before he crossed the border. At Zhakou ten thousand men and two thousand horses remained; on the eve of crossing south, his troops keened through the night. Kan told them, “You long for home and need not follow me—stay or go; this is where we divide.” Each man bowed farewell and went his way.
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侃以大通三年至京師，詔授使持節、散騎常侍、都督瑕丘征討諸軍事、安北將軍、徐州刺史，并其兄默及三弟忱、給、元，皆拜爲刺史。 尋以侃爲都督北討諸軍事，出頓日城，會陳慶之失律，停進。 其年，詔以爲持節、雲麾將軍、青、冀二州刺史。
He entered the capital in Datong year 3 with staff authority, Regular Attendant, Xiqiu campaign commander, General Who Pacifies the North, and Xuzhou inspector—and his brother Mo and brothers Chen, Ji, and Yuan were all made inspectors too. He was soon named northern expedition commander and took post at Richeng, but Chen Qingzhi’s breach of orders stopped the march. The same year brought staff authority, General of the Cloud Banner, and the Qing-Ji inspectorate.
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中大通四年，詔爲使持節、都督瑕丘諸軍事、安北將軍、兗州刺史，隨太尉元法僧北討。 法僧先啓云：「與侃有舊，願得同行。」 高祖乃召侃問方略，侃具陳進取之計。 高祖因曰：「知卿願與太尉同行。」 侃曰：「臣拔跡還朝，常思效命，然實未曾願與法僧同行。 北人雖謂臣爲吳，南人已呼臣爲虜，今與法僧同行，還是羣類相逐，非止有乖素心，亦使匈奴輕漢。」 高祖曰：「朝廷今者要須卿行。」 乃詔以爲大軍司馬。 高祖謂侃曰； 「軍司馬廢來已久，此段爲卿置之。」 行次官竹，元樹又於譙城喪師。 軍罷，入爲侍中。 五年，封高昌縣侯，邑千戶。 六年，出爲雲麾將軍、晉安太守。 閩越俗好反亂，前後太守莫能止息，侃至討擊，斬其渠帥陳稱、吳滿等，於是郡內肅清，莫敢犯者。 頃之，徵太子左衛率。
Zhongdatong year 4 made him full staff bearer, Xiqiu area commander, General Who Pacifies the North, and Yanzhou inspector on Yuan Faseng’s northern campaign. Faseng had already written, “Kan and I are old friends—I ask to campaign at his side.” The emperor called Kan in for strategy, and Kan set out a complete plan of attack. The emperor said, “I know you want to march with the Grand Commandant.” Kan answered, “Since I came south I have lived to serve—but I never wanted to travel with Faseng. The north calls me a southerner; the south calls me a turncoat. Marching with Faseng would still look like birds of a feather—and teach the barbarians to scorn the Han.” The emperor said, “The court needs you on this march.” He was named Grand Army Marshal by edict. The emperor told Kan: “Army Marshal has been empty for years—I restore it for you.” At Guanzhu, Yuan Shu lost his force at Qiao. The expedition over, he returned as Palace Attendant. Year 5 made him Marquis of Gaochang, fief of one thousand households. Year 6 sent him out as General of the Cloud Banner and Jin’an grand administrator. Min-Yue custom bred revolt; no prior governor had quelled it. Kan struck, killed the chiefs Chen Cheng and Wu Man, and the district went still—none dared raise a hand. Soon he was recalled as Left Commandant of the Heir Apparent’s Guard.
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大同三年，車駕幸樂游苑，侃預宴。 時少府奏新造兩刃槊成，長二丈四尺，圍一尺三寸，高祖因賜侃馬，令試之。 侃執槊上馬，左右擊刺，特盡其妙，高祖善之，又制《武宴詩》三十韻以示侃，侃卽席應詔，高祖覽曰：「吾聞仁者有勇，今見勇者有仁，可謂鄒、魯遺風，英賢不絕。」 六年，遷司徒左長史。 八年，遷都官尚書。 時尚書令何敬容用事，與之並省，未嘗遊造。 有宦者張僧胤候侃，侃曰：「我床非閹人所坐。」 竟不前之，時論美其貞正。 九年，出爲使持節、壯武將軍、衡州刺史。
Datong year 3 brought the emperor to Leyou Gardens; Kan joined the feast. The palace workshops had finished a new double-edged spear—twenty-four feet long, thirteen inches around—and the emperor gave Kan a horse to test it. Kan mounted, spear in hand, and fenced with flawless grace. Delighted, the emperor wrote thirty rhymes of “Martial Feast Poetry” and Kan answered at once from his seat. The emperor read them and said, “They say the benevolent are brave—today I see brave men who are benevolent. Zou and Lu live on; worthies never die out. Year 6 moved him to Left Chief Clerk under the Minister of Education. Year 8 made him Minister of the Court for Dependencies. He Jingrong of the Secretariat held sway; Kan shared his ministry but never visited him. The eunuch Zhang Sengyin came to call; Kan said, “My bed is not for eunuchs.” He would not receive him—and men praised his integrity. Year 9 sent him out with full staff, General of Majestic Martiality, and the Hengzhou inspectorate.
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太清元年，徵爲侍中。 會大舉北伐，仍以侃爲持節、冠軍，監作韓山堰事，兩旬堰立。 侃勸元帥貞陽侯乘水攻彭城，不納； 旣而魏援大至，侃頻勸乘其遠來可擊，旦日又勸出戰，並不從，侃乃率所領出頓堰上。 及衆軍敗，侃結陣徐還。
Taiqing year 1 recalled him as Palace Attendant. A great northern campaign put him back as staff bearer and General of the Champion, overseeing the Hanshan dam—finished in twenty days. Kan begged the Marquis of Zhenyang to take Pengcheng by flood; the marquis refused. Wei reinforcements swelled; Kan urged hitting them on the march, then urged battle again at dawn—both refused—so he drew his men up on the dam. When the host broke, Kan formed ranks and fell back in order.
20
二年，復爲都官尚書。 侯景反，攻陷歷陽，高祖問侃討景之策。 侃曰：「景反跡久見，或容豕突，宜急據採石，令邵陵王襲取壽春。 景進不得前，退失巢窟，烏合之衆，自然瓦解。」 議者謂景未敢便逼京師，遂寢其策，令侃率千餘騎頓望國門。 景至新林，追侃入副宣城王都督城內諸軍事。 時景旣卒至，百姓競入，公私混亂，無復次第。 侃乃區分防擬，皆以宗室間之。 軍人爭入武庫，自取器甲，所司不能禁，侃命斬數人，方得止。 及賊逼城，衆皆恟懼，侃偽稱得射書，云「邵陵王、西昌侯已至近路」。 衆乃少安。 賊攻東掖門，縱火甚盛，侃親自距抗，以水沃火，火滅，引弓射殺數人，賊乃退。 加侍中、軍師將軍。 有詔送金五千兩，銀萬兩，絹萬匹，以賜戰士，侃辭不受。 部曲千餘人，並私加賞賚。
Year 2 restored him as Minister of the Court for Dependencies. Hou Jing rebelled and seized Liyang; the emperor asked Kan how to crush him. Kan said, “Jing’s treachery has been obvious for years. He may still rush like a cornered boar—seize Caishi at once and let the Prince of Shaoling take Shouchun. Block his advance, cut off his refuge, and this mob will scatter on its own.” Councillors said Jing would not dare march on the capital yet; the plan died, and Kan was told to hold a thousand horse before the Wang Gate. Jing reached Xinlin and drove Kan inside as deputy to the Prince of Xuancheng, commander of the city’s defense. Jing struck too fast; people poured through the gates in chaos, public and private alike. Kan divided the walls into sectors and posted imperial clansmen along each line. Soldiers stormed the armory for arms; officials could not stop them until Kan had several beheaded. As the enemy closed in, panic spread; Kan claimed a captured dispatch: “The Prince of Shaoling and the Marquis of Xichang are almost here.” The city steadied a little. The rebels hit the eastern side gate with fire; Kan met them himself, drowned the flames, shot down several men, and drove them back. He was made Palace Attendant and General of the Army Instructor. The throne sent five thousand taels of gold, ten thousand of silver, and ten thousand bolts of silk for the troops; Kan refused it. His own following of a thousand men he rewarded from his purse.
21
賊爲尖頂木驢攻城，矢石所不能制，侃作雉尾炬，施鐵鏃，以油灌之，擲驢上焚之，俄盡。 賊又東西兩面起土山，以臨城，城中震駭，侃命爲地道，潛引其土，山不能立。 賊又作登城樓車，高十餘丈，欲臨射城內，侃曰：「車高緌虛，彼來必倒，可臥而觀之，不勞設備。」 及車動果倒，衆皆服焉。 賊旣頻攻不捷，乃築長圍。 朱异、張綰議欲出擊之，高祖以問侃，侃曰：「不可。 賊多日攻城，旣不能下，故立長圍，欲引城中降者耳。 今擊之，出人若少，不足破賊，若多，則一旦失利，自相騰踐，門隘橋小，必大致挫衄，此乃示弱，非騁王威也。」 不從，遂使千餘人出戰，未及交鋒，望風退走，果以爭橋赴水，死者太半。
The rebels raised pointed wooden “donkeys” proof against shot and stone; Kan devised pheasant-tail torches tipped with iron, oil-soaked, and burned the engines to ash. They piled earthworks east and west to dominate the walls; terror rose until Kan tunneled under them and stole their fill—the mounds collapsed. They built assault towers ten rods high to rain arrows into the city. Kan said, “Too tall, ropes too slack—they will topple. Lie back and watch; no need to prepare.” The tower moved and fell; the whole city believed him. Failing again and again, the rebels threw up a long siege line. Zhu Yi and Zhang Wan urged a sortie; the emperor asked Kan, who said, “No. They could not breach the walls, so they ring us to breed defectors. Sortie with few and we achieve nothing; with many, one slip and we will crush each other at the narrow gates and bridges—a rout that shows weakness, not imperial might.” They ignored him and sent out a thousand men; before steel met they ran, fought for the bridge, and more than half drowned.
22
初，侃長子躭爲景所獲，執來城下示侃，侃謂曰：「我傾宗報主，猶恨不足，豈復計此一子，幸汝早能殺之。」 數日復持來，侃謂躭曰：「久以汝爲死，猶復在邪？ 吾以身許國，誓死行陣，終不以爾而生進退。」 因引弓射之。 賊感其忠義，亦不之害也。 景遣儀同傅士哲呼侃與語曰：「侯王遠來問訊天子，何爲閉距，不時進納？ 尚書國家大臣，宜啓朝廷。」 侃曰：「侯將軍奔亡之後，歸命國家，重鎮方城，懸相任寄，何所患苦？ 忽致稱兵？ 今驅烏合之卒，至王城之下，虜馬飲淮，矢集帝室，豈有人臣而至於此？ 吾荷國重恩，當稟承廟算，以掃大逆耳，不能妄受浮說，開門揖盜。 幸謝侯王，早自爲所。」 士哲又曰：「侯王事君盡節，不爲朝廷所知，正欲面啓至尊，以除姦佞，旣居戎旅，故帶甲來朝，何謂作逆？」 侃曰：「聖上臨四海將五十年，聰明叡哲，無幽不照，有何姦佞而得在朝？ 欲飾其非，寧無詭說。 且侯王親舉白刃，以向城闕，事君盡節，正若是邪！」 士哲無以應，乃曰：「在北之日，久挹風猷，每恨平生，未獲披敘，願去戎服，得一相見。」 侃爲之免胄，士哲瞻望久之而去。 其爲北人所欽慕如此。
Jing had taken Kan’s eldest son Dan and brought him under the wall. Kan called, “I have spent my house for the throne and still call it little—why spare one son? Kill him quickly, I beg you.” Days later they brought him again. Kan said, “I thought you long dead—still here? My body belongs to the realm; I die in the line. You will never move me. He drew his bow and shot. Even the rebels honored his faith and spared the boy. Jing sent Fu Shizhe, Compeer of the Third Rank, to parley: “The marquis has come far to greet the Son of Heaven—why shut the gates? You are a pillar of the realm—you should speak to the throne.” Kan said, “After your flight you were trusted with a great frontier command—what grievance could you have? Why draw swords now? You herd this mob to the capital—barbarian horses at the Huai, arrows at the throne. What subject ever did this? I owe the dynasty a great debt; I execute the court’s design and scourge traitors—I will not heed sweet lies and open the gate to thieves. Marquis, see to your own end.” Shizhe said, “The marquis served with perfect loyalty and the court misunderstood him. He only wished to see the emperor and purge villains—being in the field he wore armor. How is that treason?” Kan said, “Our sage has ruled fifty years, clear-sighted to the deepest shadow—what villains still sit in court? To dress up crime, of course there are clever lies. And you yourself brought naked steel to the palace—is that loyalty?” Shizhe was silent, then said, “In the north I long admired you and regretted we never met. Let me doff armor and see you once. Kan took off his helmet; Shizhe stared a long time and left. Northerners revered him to that degree.
23
後大雨，城內土山崩，賊乘之垂入，苦戰不能禁，侃乃令多擲火，爲火城以斷其路，徐於裏築城，賊不能進。 十二月，遘疾卒于臺內，時年五十四。 詔給東園秘器，布絹各五百匹，錢三百萬，贈侍中、護軍將軍，鼓吹一部。
Heavy rain collapsed the inner earthworks; the enemy poured through. Kan ordered a rain of fire, built a fire-wall across their path, and raised an inner rampart behind it—they could not pass. Twelfth month: illness took him inside the palace at fifty-four. The throne sent the eastern-garden coffin, five hundred bolts of cloth and silk, three million cash, posthumous Palace Attendant and General Who Protects the Army, and a martial pipe band.
24
侃少而雄勇，膂力絕人，所用弓至十餘石。 嘗於兗州堯廟蹋壁，直上至五尋，橫行得七跡。 泗橋有數石人，長八尺，大十圍，侃執以相擊，悉皆破碎。
Young he was fierce, strength beyond measure—his bow pulled more than ten piculs. At Yanzhou’s Yao temple he kicked off a wall, climbed five xun straight up, and walked seven paces along the face. At Si Bridge stood stone figures eight feet tall, ten arm-spans round; Kan smashed them together until all broke.
25
侃性豪侈，善音律，自造《採蓮》、《棹歌》兩曲，甚有新致。 姬妾侍列，窮極奢靡。 有彈箏人陸太喜，著鹿角爪長七寸。 儛人張淨琬，腰圍一尺六寸，時人咸推能掌中儛。 又有孫荊玉，能反腰帖地，銜得席上玉簪。 敕賚歌人王娥兒，東宮亦賚歌者屈偶之，並妙盡奇曲，一時無對。 初赴衡州，於兩艖暃符，起三間通梁水齋，飾以珠玉，加之錦繢，盛設帷屏，陳列女樂，乘潮解纜，臨波置酒，緣塘傍水，觀者填咽。 大同中，魏使陽斐，與侃在北嘗同學，有詔令侃延斐同宴。 賓客三百餘人，器皆金玉雜寶，奏三部女樂，至夕，侍婢百餘人，俱執金花燭。 侃不能飲酒，而好賓客交遊，終日獻酬，同其醉醒。 性寬厚，有器局，嘗南還至漣口，置酒，有客張孺才者，醉於船中失火，延燒七十餘艘，所燔金帛不可勝數。 侃聞之，都不掛意，命酒不輟。 孺才慚懼，自逃匿，侃慰喻使還，待之如舊。 第三子鶤。
Extravagant by nature, skilled in music, he composed “Gathering Lotuses” and “Oar Song”—both strikingly new. Concubines lined his halls in utmost luxury. His zitherist Lu Taixi wore deer-horn picks seven inches long. The dancer Zhang Jingwan’s waist measured a foot and six inches—men said she could dance in the palm of one’s hand. Sun Jingyu could arch backward to the floor and pick up a jade hairpin from the mat with her teeth. The emperor gave him the singer Wang Er’er; the heir apparent gave Qu Ou’zhi—both masters of uncanny song, peerless in their time. Setting out for Hengzhou he moored two great barges at Fuqi, built a three-bay water hall across them in pearl and jade and brocade, filled it with screens, musicians, and concubines, cast off on the tide with wine along the shore—crowds blocked the banks. In Datong the Wei envoy Yang Fei—Kan’s old northern classmate—was told to share Kan’s table by imperial order. Three hundred guests drank from gold and jeweled cups while three female ensembles played; at dusk a hundred maids bore golden-flower candles. Kan could not drink but loved company—he toasted all day and matched every guest, drunk or sober. Broad and magnanimous, he once feasted at Lian mouth on the way south; a guest, Zhang Rucai, drunk aboard set a fire that burned seventy boats and uncounted gold and silk. Kan heard and never broke stride—wine kept flowing. Rucai fled in shame; Kan coaxed him back and treated him as ever. His third son was Yun.
26
鶤字子鵬。 隨侃臺內，城陷，竄於陽平。 侯景呼還，待之甚厚。 及景敗，鶤密圖之，乃隨其東走。 景于松江戰敗，惟餘三舸，下海欲向蒙山。 會景倦晝寢，鶤語海師：「此中何處有蒙山！ 汝但聽我處分。」 遂直向京口。 至胡豆洲，景覺，大驚，問岸上人，云「郭元建猶在廣陵」，景大喜，將依之。 鶤拔刀叱海師，使向京口。 景欲透水，鶤抽刀斫之，景乃走入船中，以小刀抉船，鶤以槊入刺殺之。 世祖以鶤爲持節、通直散騎常侍、都督青、冀二州諸軍事、明威將軍、青州刺史，封昌國縣公，邑二千戶，賜錢五百萬，米五千石，布絹各一千匹，又領東陽太守。 征陸納，加散騎常侍。 平峽中，除西晉州刺史。 破郭元建於東關，遷使持節、信武將軍、東晉州刺史。 承聖三年，西魏圍江陵，鶤赴援不及，從王僧愔征蕭勃於嶺表。 聞太尉僧辯敗，乃還，爲侯瑱所破，於豫章遇害，時年二十八。
Yun, styled Zipeng. He followed Kan inside the palace; when the city fell he hid at Yangping. Hou Jing called him back and favored him richly. When Jing fell, Yun plotted in secret and followed him east. Jing lost on the Song River with three boats left and put to sea for Mengshan. Jing fell asleep at midday; Yun told the pilot, “There is no Mengshan here— do as I say.” They bore straight for Jingkou. At Hudou Isle Jing woke in panic and hailed the bank: Guo Yuanjian still held Guangling—Jing was overjoyed and meant to go to him. Yun bared his blade and drove the pilot toward Jingkou. Jing tried to swim clear; Yun hacked at him. Jing fled into the cabin and picked at the planking with a knife—Yun ran him through with a spear. Emperor Yuan gave Yun staff authority, Regular Attendant, Qing-Ji area command, General of Bright Awe, and Qingzhou inspector; made him Duke of Changguo, two thousand households; five million cash, five thousand piculs of grain, a thousand bolts each of cloth and silk; and Grand Administrator of Dongyang besides. Campaigning against Lu Na won him Regular Attendant as well. The gorges pacified, he became Western Jinzhou inspector. He broke Guo Yuanjian at Dong Pass and rose to full staff bearer, General of Trustworthy Valor, and Eastern Jinzhou inspector. Chengsheng year 3: Western Wei besieged Jiangling—Yun arrived too late and marched with Wang Senbian against Xiao Bo in the south. Word came that Grand Marshal Senbian had fallen; he turned back, Hou Tian routed him, and he was killed at Yuzhang at twenty-eight.
27
羊鴉仁，字孝穆，太山鉅平人也。 少驍果有膽力，仕郡爲主簿。 普通中，率兄弟自魏歸國，封廣晉縣侯。 征伐青、齊間，累有功績，稍遷員外散騎常侍、歷陽太守。 中大通四年，爲持節、都督譙州諸軍事、信威將軍、譙州刺史。 大同七年，除太子左衛率，出爲持節、都督南、北司、豫、楚四州諸軍事、輕車將軍、北司州刺史。 侯景降，詔鴉仁督士州刺史桓和之、仁州刺史湛海珍等精兵三萬，趨懸瓠應接景，仍爲都督豫司淮冀殷應西豫等七州諸軍事、司豫二州刺史，鎮懸瓠。 會侯景敗於渦陽，魏軍漸逼，鴉仁恐糧運不繼，遂還北司，上表陳謝。 高祖大怒，責之，鴉仁懼，又頓軍於淮上。 及侯景反，鴉仁率所部入援。 太清二年，景旣背盟，鴉仁乃與趙伯超及南康王會理共攻賊於東府城，反爲賊所敗。 臺城陷，鴉仁見景，爲景所留，以爲五兵尚書。 鴉仁常思奮發，謂所親曰：「吾以凡流，受寵朝廷，竟無報效，以答重恩。 社稷傾危，身不能死，偷生苟免，以至於今。 若以此終，沒有餘憤。」 因遂泣下，見者傷焉。 三年，出奔江西，其故部曲數百人迎之，將赴江陵，至東莞，爲故北徐州刺史荀伯道諸子所害。
Yang Yaren, styled Xiaomu, came from Juping in Taishan. Young he was bold and strong and served the commandery as recorder. In Putong he brought his brothers south from Wei and was made Marquis of Guangjin. Fighting in Qing and Qi he won honors, rising to Extraordinary Attendant and Liyang grand administrator. Zhongdatong year 4 made him staff bearer, Qiao area commander, General of Trustworthy Awe, and Qiaozhou inspector. Datong year 7 brought Left Commandant of the Heir Apparent’s Guard, then staff bearer over southern and northern Si, Yu, and Chu, General of Light Chariots, and Northern Sizhou inspector. When Hou Jing submitted, Yaren was told to lead Huan Hezhi of Shizhou, Zhan Haizhen of Renzhou, and thirty thousand picked men to Xuanchi to meet Jing—and to command seven provinces from Yu to Western Yu as Si-Yu inspector, based at Xuanchi. Jing lost at Woyang and Wei closed in; Yaren, afraid grain would not follow, pulled back to Northern Si and apologized by memorial. The High Ancestor raged and blamed him; Yaren, afraid, camped again on the Huai. When Jing turned rebel, Yaren marched his command to the rescue. Taqing year 2: Jing broke faith; Yaren, Zhao Bochao, and Prince Huili of Nankang struck the rebels at the Eastern Directorate and were beaten in turn. The inner city fell; Yaren presented himself to Jing, who held him and named him Minister of the Five Weapons. Yaren brooded on a reckoning and told his intimates, “I am nobody, yet the throne raised me—and I have never repaid that debt. The realm crumbled and I would not die; I stole life and slipped away, and so it has gone. If I end like this, no wrath will be left in me.” He wept as he spoke; all who heard were stricken. Year 3 he fled into Jiangxi; a few hundred veterans met him bound for Jiangling—but at Dongguan the sons of ex–Northern Xuzhou inspector Xun Bodao killed him.
28
史臣曰：高祖革命受終，光期寶運，威德所漸，莫不懷來，其皆殉難投身，前後相屬。 元法僧之徒入國，並降恩遇，位重任隆，擊鐘鼎食，美矣。 而羊侃、鴉仁值太清之難，並竭忠奉國。 侃則臨危不撓，鴉仁守義殞命，可謂志等松筠，心均鐵石，古之殉節，斯其謂乎！ [1]
The historian writes: The High Ancestor took the throne and lit the age with fortune; his power drew every heart, and men threw themselves into death for the realm in endless succession. Yuan Faseng and his kind who came south were heaped with favor—heavy office, high rank, bells and tripods at feast: glorious. Yet Kan and Yaren met the Taqing disaster and gave the state their utmost loyalty. Kan never bent under danger; Yaren kept faith and died—wills like pine and bamboo, hearts like iron and stone: the martyrs of old, was it not for such as these? Editorial footnote marker in the source text.
29
全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text has been collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of 《Book of Liang》, May 1973.