1
滕曇恭
Teng Yan'gong
2
徐普濟
Xu Puji
3
時有徐普濟者，長沙臨湘人。 居喪未及葬，而鄰家火起，延及其舍，普濟號慟伏棺上，以身蔽火。 鄰人往救之，焚炙已悶絕，累日方蘇。
There was Xu Puji of Linxiang, Changsha. Before the funeral a neighbor's fire reached his house; Puji cried out and lay on the coffin, covering it with his body. Neighbors pulled him away; the burns had already stunned him breathless, and only after days did he wake.
4
宛陵女子
The woman of Wanling
5
宣城宛陵有女子與母同床寢，母爲猛虎所搏，女號叫拿虎，虎毛盡落，行十數里，虎乃棄之。 女抱母還，猶有氣，經時乃絕。 太守蕭琛賻焉，表言其狀。 有詔旌其門閭。
At Wanling in Xuancheng a woman shared a bed with her mother; a tiger seized the mother and the daughter shrieked, seized the beast, and tore its fur away; after ten-odd li the tiger dropped her. She carried her mother home; breath remained awhile, then ceased. Prefect Xiao Chen sent gifts and memorialized what had happened. The throne honored her household.
6
沈崇傃
Shen Chongsu
7
沈崇傃字思整，吳興武康人也。 父懷明，宋兗州刺史。 崇傃六歲丁父憂，哭踴過禮。 及長，傭書以養母焉。 齊建武初，起家爲奉朝請。 永元末，遷司徒行參軍。 天監初，爲前軍鄱陽王參軍事。 三年，太守柳惲辟爲主簿。 崇傃從惲到郡，還迎其母，母卒。 崇傃以不及侍疾，將欲致死，水漿不入口，晝夜號哭，旬日殆將絕氣。 兄弟謂之曰：「殯葬未申，遽自毀滅，非全孝之道也。」 崇傃之瘞所，不避雨雪，倚墳哀慟。 每夜恒有猛獸來望之，有聲狀如歎息者。 家貧無以遷窆，乃行乞經年，始獲葬焉。 旣而廬於墓側，自以初行喪禮不備，復以葬後更治服三年。 久食麥屑，不啖鹽酢，坐臥于單薦，因虛腫不能起。 郡縣舉其至孝。 高祖聞，卽遣中書舍人慰勉之，乃下詔曰：「前軍沈崇傃，少有志行，居喪逾禮。 齋制不終，未得大葬，自以行乞淹年，哀典多闕，方欲以永慕之晨，更爲再朞之始。 雖卽情可矜，禮有明斷。 可便令除釋，擢補太子洗馬。 旌彼門閭，敦茲風教。」 崇傃奉詔釋服，而涕泣如居喪，固辭不受官，苦自陳讓，經年乃得爲永寧令。 自以祿不及養，怛恨愈甚，哀思不自堪，至縣卒，時年三十九。
Shen Chongsu, styled Si Zheng, was from Wukang in Wuxing. His father Huaiming had been Song Inspector of Yanzhou. At six he lost his father and mourned beyond propriety. Grown, he copied books to feed his mother. In early Jianwu he entered service as Attendant at Court. At Yongyuan's end he became Secretariat staff aide. Early in Tianjian he was staff officer to the Forward Army's Prince of Poyang. In year three Prefect Liu Yun made him chief clerk. Chongsu went with Yun to the prefecture, then went back for his mother; she died on the way. Having missed her sickbed, he meant to die: no food or drink, weeping day and night until in ten days he was all but gone. His brothers said, "The funeral is not settled—if you kill yourself now, that is not complete filial duty." He would not leave the grave in rain or snow and leaned on the mound wailing. Nightly wild beasts came to watch him, sighing as they came. Too poor to rebury her, he begged a full year before he could lay her to rest. Then he hutched beside the tomb; thinking the first mourning rites incomplete, he wore mourning again for three years after burial. He lived on bran without salt or vinegar, sat and slept on one thin mat, and swelled so weak he could not stand. Commandery and county commended his extreme filiality. Gao Di heard and sent a Secretariat Attendant to comfort him, then issued an edict: "Forward Army Shen Chongsu showed resolve young and mourning beyond measure. His fast was unfinished and the great burial undone; after a year of begging the rites still lacked, and he would begin another mourning cycle from that dawn of grief. Pity his heart, but rites have limits. Release him from mourning and appoint Crown Prince's Household Steward. Honor his household and strengthen this custom." He obeyed and doffed mourning but wept as in bereavement, refused the post, pleaded hard, and only after a year took Yongning magistracy. His stipend could no longer feed his mother; grief overwhelmed him and he died in office at thirty-nine.
8
荀匠字文師，潁陰人，晉太保勗九世孫也。 祖瓊，年十五，復父仇於成都市，以孝聞。 宋元嘉末，渡淮赴武陵王義，爲元凶追兵所殺，贈員外散騎侍郎。 父法超，齊中興末爲安復令，卒於官。 凶問至，匠號慟氣絕，身體皆冷，至夜乃蘇。 旣而奔喪，每宿江渚，商旅皆不忍聞其哭聲。 服未闋，兄斐起家爲鬰林太守，征俚賊，爲流矢所中，死於陣。 喪還，匠迎于豫章，望舟投水，傍人赴救，僅而得全。 旣至，家貧不得時葬。 居父憂並兄服，歷四年不出廬戶。 自括發後，不復櫛沐，髮皆禿落。 哭無時，聲盡則係之以泣，目眥皆爛，形體枯顇，皮骨裁連，雖家人不復識。 郡縣以狀言，高祖詔遣中書舍人爲其除服，擢爲豫章王國左常侍。 匠雖卽吉，毀顇逾甚。 外祖孫謙誡之曰：「主上以孝治天下，汝行過古人，故發明詔，擢汝此職。 非唯君父之命難拒，故亦揚名後世，所顯豈獨汝身哉！」 匠於是乃拜。 竟以毀卒於家，時年二十一。
Xun Jiang, styled Wen Shi, of Yingyin, was ninth generation from Jin Grand Tutor Xun Xu. His grandfather Qiong at fifteen avenged his father in Chengdu market and won fame for filial piety. Late in Song Yuanjia he crossed the Huai for Prince of Wuling Yi, was killed by the crown prince's pursuers, and was posthumously made Supernumerary Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. His father Fachao, late in Qi Zhongxing, was Anfu magistrate and died in office. When word came he wailed himself breathless and cold; only at night did he wake. Rushing to the funeral he lodged nightly on the river sandbars; travelers could not bear his crying. Mourning unfinished, his brother Fei became Yulin governor, fought the Liao raiders, took a stray arrow, and died on the field. The bier returning, he met it at Yuzhang, saw the boat, and leapt into the river; bystanders barely saved him. Home again, they were too poor to bury on time. He mourned father and brother together—four years without leaving the mourning hut. From binding his hair he never combed or bathed, and his hair fell out. He wept without cease; when voice failed he sobbed on; his eyelids rotted, his body skeletal; kin scarcely knew him. Commandery and county reported; Gao Di sent a Secretariat Attendant to release mourning and make him Left Regular Attendant in Prince of Yuzhang's kingdom. Though he left mourning, his wasting grew worse. His maternal grandfather Sun Qian warned him: "The throne rules by filial piety; your conduct exceeds the ancients, hence the edict and this appointment. You cannot only refuse a lord-father's command—you will win fame for ages; the glory is not yours alone!" Then Jiang accepted the post. He died at home of grief at twenty-one.
9
庾黔婁
Yu Qianlou
10
庾黔婁字子貞，新野人也。 父易，司徒主簿，徵不至，有高名。
Yu Qianlou, styled Zi Zhen, was from Xinye. His father Yi had been Secretariat chief clerk, was summoned but would not serve, and had great repute.
11
黔婁少好學，多講誦《孝經》，未嘗失色於人，南陽高士劉虬、宗測並歎異之。 起家本州主簿，遷平西行參軍。 出爲編令，治有異績。 先是，縣境多虎暴。 黔婁至，虎皆渡往臨沮界，當時以爲仁化所感。 齊永元初，除孱陵令，到縣未旬，易在家遘疾，黔婁忽然心驚，舉身流汗，卽日棄官歸家，家人悉驚其忽至。 時易疾始二日，醫云：「欲知差劇，但嘗糞甜苦。」 易泄痢，黔婁輒取嘗之，味轉甜滑，心逾憂苦。 至夕，每稽顙北辰，求以身代。 俄聞空中有聲曰：「徵君壽命盡，不復可延，汝誠禱旣至，止得申至月末。」 及晦而易亡，黔婁居喪過禮，廬于冢側。 和帝卽位，將起之，鎮軍蕭穎胄手書敦譬，黔婁固辭。 服闋，除西臺尚書儀曹郎。
From youth he loved learning, often expounded the Classic of Filial Piety, never lost composure before others; Nanyang worthies Liu Qiu and Zong Ce both admired him. He began as native-province chief clerk, then became Pacifying West staff aide. As Bian magistrate his rule won unusual praise. Before, tigers ravaged the county. When Qianlou came the tigers all crossed into Linju; men said humane rule had moved them. Early in Qi Yongyuan he became Chanling magistrate; within ten days Yi fell ill at home; Qianlou felt a sudden dread, broke into sweat, and that day quit office and ran home—kin were stunned. Yi had been ill only two days; the doctor said, "To know if he will live or die, taste whether the stool is sweet or bitter." Yi had dysentery; Qianlou tasted it—the flavor grew sweet and smooth, and his grief deepened. Each night he bowed to the Pole Star, begging to die in his father's stead. Soon a voice in the air said, "The Recluse's span is done and cannot be added; your prayer reached heaven—you may only extend him to month's end." On the last day Yi died; Qianlou mourned beyond measure and hutched beside the tomb. When Emperor He acceded they meant to call him; Pacifying Army Xiao Yingzhou wrote urging him, but Qianlou refused firmly. After mourning he became Western Terrace Gentleman of Ceremonies.
12
梁臺建，鄧元起爲益州刺史，表黔婁爲府長史、巴西、梓潼二郡太守。 及成都平，城中珍寶山積，元起悉分與僚佐，惟黔婁一無所取。 元起惡其異衆，厲聲曰：「長史何獨爾爲！」 黔婁示不違之，請書數篋。 尋除蜀郡太守，在職清素，百姓便之。 元起死于蜀，部曲皆散，黔婁身營殯殮，攜持喪柩歸鄉里。 還爲尚書金部郎，遷中軍表記室參軍。 東宮建，以本官侍皇太子讀，甚見知重，詔與太子中庶子殷鈞、中舍人到洽、國子博士明山賓等，遞日爲太子講《五經》義。 遷散騎侍郎、荊州大中正。 卒，時年四十六。
As Liang was forming Deng Yuanqi became Yizhou inspector and named Qianlou headquarters chief clerk and governor of Baxi and Zitong. When Chengdu fell treasures heaped in the city; Yuanqi shared them among his staff, but Qianlou took nothing. Yuanqi hated his singularity and snapped, "Chief Clerk—why alone act so!" Qianlou seemed to comply but asked only for a few baskets of books. Soon he was Shu governor, pure and spare in office, and the people were at ease. Yuanqi died in Shu and his troops dispersed; Qianlou himself arranged the funeral and bore the coffin home. Back he became Secretariat Gentleman of the Golden Department, then Central Army staff recorder. When the Eastern Palace rose he attended the crown prince in study, won high favor, and by edict he, with Household Mentor Yin Jun, Attendant Dao Qia, Erudite Ming Shanbin, and others, lectured the crown prince daily on the Five Classics. He became Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and Jingzhou Grand Rectifier. He died at forty-six.
13
吉翂字彥霄，馮翊蓮勺人也。 世居襄陽。 翂幼有孝性。 年十一，遭所生母憂，水漿不入口，殆將滅性，親黨異之。 天監初，父爲吳興原鄉令，爲姦吏所誣，逮詣廷尉。 翂年十五，號泣衢路，祈請公卿，行人見者，皆爲隕涕。 其父理雖清白，恥爲吏訊，乃虛自引咎，罪當大辟。 翂乃撾登聞鼓，乞代父命。 高祖異之，敕廷尉卿蔡法度曰：「吉翂請死贖父，義誠可嘉； 但其幼童，未必自能造意。 卿可嚴加脅誘，取其款實。」 法度受敕還寺，盛陳徽纏，備列官司，厲色問翂曰：「爾求代父死，敕已相許，便應伏法。 然刀鋸至劇，審能死不？ 且爾童孺，志不及此，必爲人所教。 姓名是誰，可具列答。 若有悔異，亦相聽許。」 翂對曰：「囚雖蒙弱，豈不知死可畏憚？ 顧諸弟稚藐，唯囚爲長，不忍見父極刑，自延視息。 所以內斷胸臆，上干萬乘。 今欲殉身不測，委骨泉壤，此非細故，奈何受人教邪！ 明詔聽代，不異登仙，豈有回貳！」 法度知翂至心有在，不可屈撓，乃更和顏誘語之曰：「主上知尊侯無罪，行當釋亮。 觀君神儀明秀，足稱佳童，今若轉辭，幸父子同濟。 奚以此妙年，苦求湯鑊？」 翂對曰：「凡鯤鮞螻蟻，尚惜其生； 況在人斯，豈願齏粉？ 但囚父掛深劾，必正刑書，故思殞仆，冀延父命。 今瞑目引領，以聽大戮，情殫意極，無言復對。」 翂初見囚，獄掾依法備加桎梏； 法度矜之，命脫其二械，更令著一小者。 翂弗聽，曰：「翂求代父死，死罪之囚，唯宜增益，豈可減乎？」 竟不脫械。 法度具以奏聞，高祖乃宥其父。 丹陽尹王志求其在廷尉故事，幷請鄉居，欲於歲首，舉充純孝之選。 翂曰：「異哉王尹，何量翂之薄乎！ 夫父辱子死，斯道固然。 若翂有靦面目，當其此舉，則是因父買名，一何甚辱！」 拒之而止。 年十七，應辟爲本州主簿。 出監萬年縣，攝官朞月，風化大行。 自雍還至郢，湘州刺史柳悅復召爲主簿。 後鄉人裴儉、丹陽尹丞臧盾、揚州中正張仄連名薦翂，以爲孝行純至，明通《易》、《老》。 敕付太常旌舉。 初，翂以父陷罪，因成悸疾，後因發而卒。
Ji Bin, styled Yan Xiao, was from Lianzhao in Fengyi. The clan had long lived in Xiangyang. From childhood Bin was filial. At eleven he mourned his birth mother, took no food or drink, nearly died of grief, and kin marveled. Early in Tianjian his father was Yuan township magistrate in Wuxing, was framed by a corrupt clerk, and was sent to the Court of Justice. Bin at fifteen wailed in the streets, pleading with high officials; every passerby wept. Though his father was innocent, he was shamed to be examined as a criminal and falsely confessed; the penalty was death. Bin then struck the petition drum and begged to die for his father. Gao Di was moved and ordered Minister of Justice Cai Fadu: "Ji Bin asks to die for his father—his loyalty is admirable; but he is a child and may not have thought of this himself. Coerce and entice him strictly and get the full truth." Fadu took the order, returned to court, spread out chains and fetters, lined up the officials, and sternly asked Bin: "You ask to die for your father—the edict already grants it; you should submit to execution. But blade and saw are cruel—can you truly die? You are only a boy; your heart cannot reach here—you were taught by someone. Name him—answer fully. If you repent, we will hear it." Bin answered: "Though I am weak, do I not know death is fearful? My brothers are small; I alone am eldest—I cannot watch my father die while I live on. So I broke my heart within and troubled the throne above. Now I would throw my body into the unknown and leave my bones underground—this is no small thing; how could another teach me! The clear edict lets me substitute—it is like ascending to immortality; how could I waver! Fadu saw Chong's heart could not be broken; he softened and said, "The throne knows your father is innocent and will free him soon. You are bright and handsome, a model youth—turn back now and father and son may yet be spared. Why at this tender age court the boiling cauldron?" Chong answered, "Even minnows and ants cling to life; how much more a man—who would choose to be pulverized? But my father faces capital charge; I offer my life to prolong his. I shut my eyes and await the blade—heart and words are spent; I will not answer again." When Chong entered prison the clerks, by statute, fitted him with every bond; Fadu took pity and had two removed, leaving only a lighter set. Chong refused: "I seek to die for my father—a man under death sentence should wear more, not less— and he would not let them be taken off." Fadu memorialized all of it; Gaozu then spared his father. Dan'yang magistrate Wang Zhi looked up his file at the Court of Justice and asked his home place too, planning to nominate him for pure filial piety at the new year. Chong said, "Strange, Magistrate Wang—how little you think of Chong! When a father is disgraced, a son should die—that is the way. Had I any shame left after this, it would mean buying a name at my father's cost—how vile! He declined and would hear no more. At seventeen he was summoned as the province's chief clerk. He supervised Wannian county; in one month as acting magistrate custom was greatly reformed. From Yong he came back to Ying; Liu Yue, inspector of Xiangzhou, again made him chief clerk. Later Pei Jian of his town, Zang Dun of Dan'yang, and Zhang Ze, Yangzhou rectifier, jointly praised Chong's pure filiality and clear grasp of the Changes and Laozi. An edict sent the matter to the Court of Imperial Sacrifices for public commendation. From his father's ordeal he had taken a trembling sickness; later he died when it broke out.
14
甄恬字彥約，中山無極人也，世居江陵。 祖欽之，長寧令。 父標之，州從事。
Zhen Tian, styled Yanyue, came from Wuji in Zhongshan; his family had dwelt in Jiangling for generations. His grandfather Qinzhi was magistrate of Changning. His father Biaozhi was a provincial adjutant.
15
恬數歲喪父，哀感有若成人。 家人矜其小，以肉汁和飯飼之，恬不肯食。 年八歲，問其母，恨生不識父，遂悲泣累日，忽若有見，言其形貌，則其父也，時以爲孝感。 家貧，養母常得珍羞。 及居喪，廬於墓側，恒有鳥玄黃雜色，集於廬樹，恬哭則鳴，哭止則止。 又有白雀栖宿其廬。 州將始興王憺表其行狀。 詔曰：「朕虛己欽賢，寤寐盈想。 詔彼群岳，務盡搜揚。 恬旣孝行殊異，聲著邦壤，敦風厲俗，弘益茲多。 牧守騰聞，義同親覽。 可旌表室閭，加以爵位。」 恬官至安南行參軍。
Tian lost his father as a small child, mourning like a grown man. Kin, pitying his age, mixed broth into his rice; Tian refused it. At eight he told his mother he hated never knowing his father, wept for days, then seemed to see someone and described his looks—it was his father; men called it filial portent. Poor as they were, he always found fine food for his mother. Mourning at the grave he built a hut; black-and-yellow birds always perched on its tree—when Tian wept they called, when he ceased they ceased. A white sparrow roosted on the hut as well. Xiao Dan, Prince of Shixing and provincial commander, reported his conduct. The edict read, "We humble ourselves before the worthy and think of them waking and sleeping. We command the high officials to seek and raise them without fail. Tian's filiality is extraordinary, his name known in every district—he steels the folk and brings great good. The governors have sent word; We receive it as if with Our own eyes. Let his gate and lane be honored and rank be granted." Tian rose to acting staff officer on the Pacifying South staff.
16
韓懷明
Han Huaiming
17
韓懷明，上黨人也，客居荊州。 年十歲，母患屍疰，每發輒危殆。 懷明夜於星下稽顙祈禱，時寒甚切，忽聞香氣，空中有人語曰：「童子母須臾永差，無勞自苦。」 未曉，而母豁然平復。 鄉里異之。 十五喪父，幾至滅性，負土成墳，贈助無所受。 免喪，與鄉人郭瑀俱師事南陽劉虬。 虬嘗一日廢講，獨居涕泣。 懷明竊問其故，虬家人答云：「是外祖亡日。」 時虬母亦亡矣。 懷明聞之，卽日罷學，還家就養。 虬歎曰：「韓生無虞丘之恨矣。」 家貧，常肆力以供甘脆，嬉怡膝下，朝夕不離母側。 母年九十一，以壽終，懷明水漿不入口一旬，號哭不絕聲。 有雙白鳩巢其廬上，字乳馴狎，若家禽焉，服釋乃去。 旣除喪，蔬食終身，衣衾無改。 天監初，刺史始興王憺表言之。 州累辟不就，卒于家。
Han Huaiming was from Shangdang and lived as a guest in Jingzhou. At ten his mother had corpse-consumption sickness; every bout nearly took her life. Huaiming knelt under the stars in bitter cold; suddenly fragrance came and a voice above said, "The boy's mother will soon be wholly well—do not torture yourself. Before daybreak his mother was completely healed." Neighbors were astonished. At fifteen his father died; he nearly perished from grief, piled the grave himself, and took no aid offered. After mourning he and Guo Yu of his town studied with Liu Qiu of Nanyang. Once Qiu canceled class for a day and wept by himself. Huaiming asked the reason in private; the household said, "It is the day his mother's father died. His own mother was already gone as well." Hearing this, Huaiming quit school the same day and went home to tend her. Qiu sighed, "Han need not bear Yu Qiu's remorse." The house was poor; he toiled for dainties, merry at her knee, never leaving her side dawn to dusk. His mother died at ninety-one; Huaiming took no food or drink for ten days and wailed without stopping. Two white doves nested on his hut, rearing young as tame as poultry; they left only when mourning was done. After mourning he ate only vegetables for life and never changed his clothes. At the start of Heavenly Surveillance Xiao Dan, Prince of Shixing and inspector, reported him. The province called him many times; he would not go, and died at home.
18
劉曇淨
Liu Tanjing
19
劉曇淨字元光，彭城呂人也。 祖元真，淮南太守，居郡得罪； 父慧鏡，歷詣朝士乞哀，懇惻甚至，遂以孝聞。 曇淨篤行有父風。 解褐安成王國左常侍。 父卒於郡，曇淨奔喪，不食飲者累日，絕而又蘇。 每哭輒嘔血。 服闋，因毀瘠成疾。 會有詔，士姓各舉四科，曇淨叔父慧斐舉以應孝行，高祖用爲海寧令。 曇淨以兄未爲縣，因以讓兄，乃除安西行參軍。 父亡後，事母尤淳至，身營飧粥，不以委人。 母疾，衣不解帶。 及母亡，水漿不入口者殆一旬。 母喪權瘞藥王寺。 時天寒，曇淨身衣單布，廬於瘞所，晝夜哭泣不絕聲，哀感行路，未及朞而卒。
Liu Tanjing, styled Yuanguang, was from Lyu in Pengcheng. His grandfather Yuanzhen was governor of Huainan and committed an offense in the commandery; his father Huijing went again and again to court notables pleading mercy, utterly earnest, and won fame for filial piety. Tanjing's devoted ways matched his father's. He first served as left palace attendant in the Kingdom of Ancheng. His father died in office; Tanjing ran to the funeral and for days took no food or drink, fainting and waking. Every bout of weeping brought up blood. After mourning he sickened from grief-wasting. When an edict bade each clan recommend four kinds of men, his uncle Huifei nominated him for filial conduct and Gaozu appointed him Haining magistrate. His elder brother had no county post yet, so Tanjing yielded the magistracy and was made staff officer on the Pacifying West staff. After his father died he served his mother with deepest devotion, cooking gruel himself and trusting no one else. When she was ill he never loosened his belt. When she died he took no food or drink for nearly ten days. His mother was provisionally buried at Medicine King Temple. It was bitter cold; Tanjing wore a single layer, hutted at the grave, weeping day and night—passersby wept; before the year ended he died.
20
何炯字士光，廬江灊人也。 父撙，太中大夫。
He Jiong, styled Shiguang, was from Qian in Lujiang. His father Zun was Grand Master of Palace Counsel.
21
炯年十五，從兄胤受業，一朞並通《五經》章句。 炯白皙，美容貌，從兄求、點每稱之曰：「叔寶神清，弘治膚清。 今觀此子，復見衛、杜在目。」 炯常慕恬退，不樂進仕。 從叔昌珝謂曰：「求、點皆已高蹈，爾無宜復爾。 且君子出處，亦各一途。」 年十九，解褐揚州主簿。 舉秀才，累遷王府行參軍、尚書兵、庫部二曹郎。 出爲永康令，以和理稱。 還爲仁威南康王限內記室，遷治書侍御史。 以父疾經旬，衣不解帶，頭不櫛沐，信宿之間，形貌頓改。 及父卒，號慟不絕聲，枕凷藉地，腰虛腳腫，竟以毀卒。
At fifteen he studied with his cousin Yin; in one year he knew every chapter of the Five Classics. Pale and handsome, his cousins Qiu and Dian would say, "Shubao's spirit was pure, Hongzhi's complexion pure. Now this lad brings Wei and Du back before us." Jiong loved simplicity and disliked climbing office. His uncle Chang Xu told him, "Qiu and Dian have both gone aloft—you need not follow. A gentleman's rise and retirement are each a proper way." At nineteen he entered office as Yangzhou chief clerk. Made a cultivated talent, he rose to prince's staff officer and both Military and Treasury bureaus of the Masters of Writing. He went out as Yongkang magistrate, praised for gentle rule. Back as recorder to Prince Renwei of Nankang, then impeachment censor. His father was sick ten days; Jiong never loosened his belt or washed his hair—in two nights his face was altered. When his father died he wailed endlessly, pillow cast aside, waist hollow and legs swollen—he died of grief.
22
庾沙彌
Yu Shamí
23
庾沙彌，潁陰人也。 晉司空冰六世孫。 父佩玉，輔國長史、長沙內史，宋昇明中坐沈攸之事誅，沙彌時始生。 年至五歲，所生母爲制采衣，輒不肯服。 母問其故，流涕對曰：「家門禍酷，用是何爲！」 旣長，終身布衣蔬食。 起家臨川王國左常侍，遷中軍田曹行參軍。 嫡母劉氏寢疾，沙彌晨昏侍側，衣不解帶，或應針灸，輒以身先試之。 及母亡，水漿不入口累日，終喪不解衰絰，不出廬戶，晝夜號慟，鄰人不忍聞。 墓在新林，因有旅松百餘株，自生墳側。 族兄都官尚書詠表言其狀，應純孝之舉，高祖召見嘉之，以補歙令。 還除輕車邵陵王參軍事，隨府會稽，復丁所生母憂。 喪還都，濟浙江，中流遇風，舫將覆沒，沙彌抱柩號哭，俄而風靜，蓋孝感所致。 服闋，除信威刑獄參軍，兼丹陽郡囗囗囗累遷寧遠錄事參軍，轉司馬。 出爲長城令，卒。
Yu Shamí was from Yingyin. He was sixth in descent from Jin Minister of Works Bing. His father Peiyu was chief aide to the Pacifying-the-State general and Changsha administrator; in Song Shengming he was killed in Shen Youzhi's rebellion—Shamí was a newborn. At five his birth mother made him bright clothes; he refused to put them on. Asked the reason, he wept and said, "Our clan suffered bitter ruin—what is this for? Grown, he wore coarse cloth and ate vegetables for life." He started as left palace attendant in the Kingdom of Linchuan, then field-accounts staff officer of the Central Army. When his stepmother Lady Liu was sick Shamí waited dawn and dusk, belt never loosened; if needles were used he tested them on himself first. When she died he fasted for days, never left his mourning garb or hut, wailing day and night till neighbors could not listen. The grave was at Xinlin; over a hundred pines grew by themselves beside the tomb. His kinsman Yu Yong, Minister President of Justice, reported him for pure filial piety; Gaozu received him, praised him, and made him magistrate of She. He returned to office as staff equal to the Prince of Shaoling of Light Chariots, followed the headquarters to Kuaiji, and again mourned his birth mother. On the homeward crossing of the Zhe the boat nearly capsized in a squall; Shami clung to the coffin and wailed, and soon the wind died—men took it as filial feeling answered from Heaven. After mourning he became Trustworthy Might criminal judge staff equal and concurrently [text lost] in Danyang; he rose to Ningyuan recording secretary, then marshal. He served as magistrate of Changcheng and died in office.
24
江紑字含潔，濟陽考城人也。 父蒨，光祿大夫。 紑幼有孝性。 年十三，父患眼，紑侍疾將朞月，衣不解帶。 夜夢一僧云：「患眼者，飲慧眼水必差。」 及覺說之，莫能解者。 紑第三叔祿與草堂寺智者法師善，往訪之。 智者曰：「《無量壽經》云：慧眼見真，能渡彼岸。」 蒨乃因智者啓捨同夏縣界牛屯里舍爲寺，乞賜嘉名。 敕答云：「純臣孝子，往往感應。 晉世顏含，遂見冥中送藥。 近見智者，知卿第二息感夢，云飲慧眼水。 慧眼則是五眼之一號，若欲造寺，可以慧眼爲名。」 及就創造，泄故井，井水清冽，異於常泉。 依夢取水洗眼及煮藥，稍覺有瘳，因此遂差。 時人謂之孝感。 南康王爲南州，召爲迎主簿。 紑性靜，好《老》、《莊》玄言，尤善佛義，不樂進仕。 及父卒，紑廬于墓，終日號慟不絕聲，月餘卒。
Jiang Gou, styled Hanjie, was from Kaocheng in Jiyang. His father Qian was Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. Gou was filial from childhood. At thirteen, when his father had eye trouble, Gou nursed him nearly a month without leaving his side. In a dream a monk told him, "For eye disease, drink Wisdom-Eye water and it will heal." He told the dream at dawn, but no one could explain it. His third uncle Lu was close to the Wise One of Caotang Temple and went to ask him. The Wise One said, "The Infinite Life Sutra says, 'The wisdom-eye sees truth and can ferry to the farther shore.'" Qian then asked the Wise One to petition donating the Niutun estate in Tongxia as a monastery and to grant it a worthy name. The reply edict said, "Pure ministers and filial sons often meet with response. In Jin times Yan Han likewise saw medicine sent from the shades. Recently the Wise One told me your second son dreamed of drinking wisdom-eye water. Wisdom-eye is one of the five eyes; if you build a monastery, call it Wisdom-Eye." When they built, they cleared an old well whose water was clear and sweet, unlike ordinary springs. As the dream directed they washed his eyes and boiled medicine in it; he improved and was cured. People called it filial feeling answered. When the Prince of Nankang governed the south he made Gou reception chief clerk. Quiet by nature, he loved Laozi and Zhuangzi and Buddhist teaching and did not care to advance in office. When his father died he lodged at the tomb and wailed without cease; after more than a month he died.
25
劉霽字士烜，平原人也。 祖乘民，宋冀州刺史。 父聞慰，齊工員郎。
Liu Ji, styled Shixuan, was from Pingyuan. His grandfather Chenmin was Song inspector of Ji. His father Wenwei was a Qi artisan officer.
26
霽年九歲，能誦《左氏傳》，宗黨咸異之。 十四居父憂，有至性，每哭輒嘔血。 家貧，與弟杳、高槠相篤勵學。 旣長，博涉多通。 天監中，起家奉朝請，稍遷宣惠晉安王府參軍，兼限內記室，出補西昌相。 入爲尚書主客侍郎。 未朞，除海鹽令。 霽前後宰二邑，並以和理著稱。 還爲建康正，非所好。 頃之，以疾免。 尋除建康令，不拜。 母明氏寢疾，霽年已五十，衣不解帶者七旬，誦《觀世音經》，數至萬遍，夜因感夢，見一僧謂曰：「夫人算盡，君精誠篤至，當相爲申延。」 後六十餘日乃亡。 霽廬于墓，哀慟過禮。 常有雙白鶴馴翔廬側。 處士阮孝緒致書抑譬，霽思慕不已，服未終而卒，時年五十二。 著《釋俗語》八卷，文集十卷。 弟杳在《文學傳》，歊在《處士傳》。
At nine he could recite the Zuo Commentary; kin and clan marveled. At fourteen, mourning his father, he was utterly devoted; each cry brought up blood. Poor at home, he and his brothers Xiao and Gao Chu urged one another in study. Grown, he read widely and mastered many subjects. In Tianjian he began as court gentleman, rose to staff equal on the Prince of Jin'an of Xuanhui's staff with inner recorder duties, then magistrate of Xichang. He entered the Secretariat as Master of Guests. Before long he was made magistrate of Haiyan. He governed two districts in turn and in both was famed for harmony. He became magistrate of Jiankang, which he did not enjoy. Soon illness freed him from office. He was offered Jiankang again and refused. When his mother Lady Ming fell ill, though fifty he did not leave her side for seventy days, chanting the Guanshiyin sutra tens of thousands of times; in a dream a monk said, "Your mother's span is done, but your devotion is so deep I shall ask to extend it." She lived more than sixty days longer, then died. He lodged at the tomb and mourned beyond the rites. A pair of white cranes hovered tame beside his mourning hut. Ruan Xiaoxu wrote to restrain him, but Ji's longing never ceased; before mourning ended he died at fifty-two. He wrote Clarifying Common Speech in eight scrolls and collected works in ten. His brother Xiao has a biography in the Literary Treatise; Gao in the Recluses Treatise.
27
褚脩，吳郡錢唐人也。 父仲都，善《周易》，爲當時最。 天監中，歷官《五經》博士。 脩少傳父業，兼通《孝經》、《論語》，善尺牘，頗解文章。 初爲湘東王國侍郎，稍遷輕車湘東府行參軍，並兼國子助教。 武陵王爲揚州，引爲宣惠參軍、限內記室。 脩性至孝，父喪毀瘠過禮，因患冷氣。 及丁母憂，水漿不入口二十三日，氣絕復蘇，每號慟嘔血，遂以毀卒。
Chu Xiu was from Qiantang in Wu commandery. His father Zhongdu mastered the Book of Changes and was foremost of his day. Under Tianjian he rose to erudite of the Five Classics. From youth Xiu took his father's learning, also mastered the Filial Classic and Analects, wrote well, and understood composition. He began as gentleman of the Prince of Xiangdong's kingdom, then staff equal on his Light Chariots staff and National University assistant teacher. When the Prince of Wuling governed Yangzhou he made him Xuanhui staff equal and inner recorder. Utterly filial, he wasted away beyond the rites mourning his father and took a chill in the vital breath. Mourning his mother he took no food for twenty-three days, fainted and revived, wailed until he vomited blood, and died of grief.
28
謝藺字希如，陳郡陽夏人也。 晉太傅安八世孫。 父經，中郎諮議參軍。
Xie Lan, styled Xiru, was from Yangxia in Chen commandery. He was eighth-generation descendant of Jin Grand Tutor An. His father Jing was staff equal for consultation in the Central Guard.
29
藺五歲，每父母未飯，乳媼欲令藺先飯，藺曰：「旣不覺饑。」 強食終不進。 舅阮孝緒聞之，歎曰：「此兒在家則曾子之流，事君則藺生之匹。」 因名之曰藺。 稍受以經史，過目便能諷誦。 孝緒每曰「吾家陽元也」。 及丁父憂，晝夜號慟，毀瘠骨立，母阮氏常自守視譬抑之。 服闋後，吏部尚書蕭子顯表其至行，擢爲王府法曹行參軍，累遷外兵記室參軍。 時甘露降士林館，藺獻頌，高祖嘉之，因有詔使制《北兗州刺史蕭楷德政碑》，又奉令制《宣城王奉述中庸頌》。
At five, if his parents had not eaten the nurse would feed Lan first; he said, "I do not yet feel hungry." Pressed, he still would not eat. His uncle Ruan Xiaoxu sighed, "At home this boy is like Zengzi; in serving a lord he would match young Lan." So he was named Lan. Taught the classics and histories, he could chant from memory whatever he read. Xiaoxu often said, "He is our house's Yang element." After his father's death he wailed day and night until only bone remained; his mother Lady Ruan constantly watched and restrained him. When mourning ended Minister Xiao Zixian recommended his utmost conduct; he became princely legal affairs gentleman, then outer staff recorder. When sweet dew fell on the Scholars' Grove Lan presented a eulogy the emperor praised; he was ordered to compose the stele on Xiao Kai's virtuous rule in North Yanzhou and the eulogy on the Prince of Xuancheng presenting the Mean.
30
太清元年，遷散騎侍郎，兼散騎常侍，使於魏。 會侯景舉地入附，境上交兵，藺母慮不得還，感氣卒。 及藺還入境，爾夕夢不祥，旦便投劾馳歸。 旣至，號慟嘔血，氣絕久之，水漿不入口。 親友慮其不全，相對悲慟，強勸以飲粥。 藺初勉強受之，終不能進，經月餘日，因夜臨而卒，時年三十八。 藺所制詩賦碑頌數十篇。
In Taiqing year one he became Gentleman Attendant and Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry and envoy to Wei. When Hou Jing defected and border fighting broke out, Lan's mother feared he would not return and died of grief. On re-entering the realm that night he dreamed ill omens; at dawn he resigned and raced home. Arriving, he wailed until he vomited blood and long lost breath, and took no food. Kin feared he would not live and wept together, forcing thin gruel on him. He forced himself at first but could not swallow; after more than a month he died one night at the tomb, aged thirty-eight. Lan composed several tens of poems, rhapsodies, steles, and eulogies.
31
【評】
Marker denoting the historian's commentary section in the source text.
32
史臣曰：孔子稱「毀不滅性」，教民無以死傷生也，故制喪紀，爲之節文。 高柴、仲由伏膺聖教，曾參、閔損虔恭孝道，或水漿不入口，泣血終年，豈不知創鉅痛深，《蓼莪》慕切？ 所謂先王制禮，賢者俯就。 至如丘、吳，終於毀滅。 若劉曇淨、何炯、江紑、謝藺者，亦二子之志歟。 [1]
The historian says: Confucius said grief must not destroy one's nature, teaching people not to harm life through death; hence mourning rules and ritual restraint were ordained. Gao Chai and Zhong You followed the sage; Zeng Shen and Min Sun were reverently filial—some took no food, some wept blood a year: did they not know wound and longing in "Luxuriant Reeds"? So when the former kings made ritual, worthies bowed to it. Men such as Qiu and Wu ended in self-destruction. Were Liu Tanjing, He Jiong, Jiang Gou, and Xie Lan not of that same intent? [1] Editorial footnote marker.
33
全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text has been collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Liang, May 1973.