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劉峻劉沼謝幾卿劉勰王籍何思澄劉杳謝徵臧嚴伏挺庾仲容陸雲公任孝恭顏協
Liu Jun · Liu Zhao · Xie Jiqing · Liu Xie · Wang Ji · He Sichen · Liu Yao · Xie Zheng · Zang Yan · Fu Ting · Yu Zhongrong · Lu Yungong · Ren Xiaogong · Yan Xie
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劉峻字孝標，平原平原人。 父珽，宋始興內史。
Liu Jun, styled Xiaobiao, came from Pingyuan in Pingyuan commandery. His father Ting was Song administrator of Shixing.
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峻生期月，母攜還鄉里。 宋泰始初，青州陷魏，峻年八歲，爲人所略至中山，中山富人劉實湣峻，以束帛贖之，教以書學。 魏人聞其江南有戚屬，更徙之桑乾。 峻好學，家貧，寄人廡下，自課讀書，常燎麻炬，從夕達旦，時或昏睡，爇其發，旣覺復讀，終夜不寐，其精力如此。 齊永明中，從桑乾得還，自謂所見不博，更求異書，聞京師有者，必往祈借，清河崔慰祖謂之「書淫」。 時竟陵王子良博招學士，峻因人求爲子良國職，吏部尚書徐孝嗣抑而不許，用爲南海王侍郎，不就。 至明帝時，蕭遙欣爲豫州，爲府刑獄，禮遇甚厚。 遙欣尋卒，久之不調。 天監初，召入西省，與學士賀蹤典校秘書。 峻兄孝慶，時爲青州刺史，峻請假省之，坐私載禁物，爲有司所奏，免官。 安成王秀好峻學，及遷荊州，引爲戶曹參軍，給其書籍，使抄錄事類，名曰《類苑》。 未及成，復以疾去，因游東陽紫岩山，築室居焉。 爲《山栖志》，其文甚美。
At one month Jun's mother carried him home to the district. Early in Song Taishi Qingzhou fell to Wei; eight-year-old Jun was seized to Zhongshan, ransomed by the rich Liu Shi, and taught to read. Hearing he had southern kin, the Wei moved him again to Sanggan. Poor and lodging in a lean-to, he studied by hemp torch till dawn, singeing his hair when he dozed, then reading on sleepless—such was his zeal. Under Qi Yongming he came back from Sanggan, sought rare books, and borrowed whatever the capital held—Cui Weizu of Qinghe dubbed him a book lecher. Prince Ziliang of Jingling recruited widely; Jun sought a post but Xu Xiaosi blocked it; offered Southern Sea attendant, he refused. Under Mingdi he was prison officer for Xiao Yaoxin, inspector of Yuzhou, and was honored lavishly. Yaoxin soon died; long afterward he still had no post. Early Tianjian he entered the Western Office and with He Zong collated secret books. His brother Xiaoqing was Qingzhou inspector; Jun visited on leave, was charged with smuggling forbidden goods, and lost office. Prince Xiu of Ancheng prized his learning, made him registrar at Jingzhou, supplied books, and had him compile the Garden of Categories. Ill again before it was done, he withdrew to Purple Rock in Dongyang and built a house. He wrote Mountain Dwelling Record, a work of great beauty.
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高祖招文學之士，有高才者，多被引進，擢以不次。 峻率性而動，不能隨衆沉浮，高祖頗嫌之，故不任用。 乃著《辨命論》以寄其懷曰：
Gaozu summoned literary talent and often promoted the gifted out of turn. Frank and unable to float with the crowd, he was disliked by Gaozu and never used. He then wrote Discourse on Destiny to voice his mind, saying:
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主上嘗與諸名賢言及管輅，歎其有奇才而位不達。 時有在赤墀之下，預聞斯議，歸以告余。 余謂士之窮通，無非命也。 故謹述天旨，因言其略云。
The emperor once discussed Guan Lu with eminent men and lamented that genius had not won rank. Someone on the red steps who heard it told me on returning. I hold that a scholar's rise or fall is all fate. So I respectfully follow Heaven's meaning and sketch the argument:
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臣觀管輅天才英偉，珪璋特秀，實海內之髦傑，豈日者卜祝之流。 而官止少府丞，年終四十八，天之報施，何其寡歟？ 然則高才而無貴仕，饕餮而居大位，自古所歎，焉獨公明而已哉？ 故性命之道，窮通之數，夭閼紛綸，莫知其辨。 仲任蔽其源，子長闡其惑。 至於鶡冠甕牖，必以懸天有朞； 鼎貴高門，則曰唯人所召。 譊譊讙咋，異端俱起。 蕭遠論其本而不暢其流，子玄語其流而未詳其本。 嘗試言之曰：夫道生萬物，則謂之道； 生而無主，謂之自然。 自然者，物見其然，不知所以然； 同焉皆得，不知所以得。 鼓動陶鑄而不爲功，庶類混成而非其力； 生之無亭毒之心，死之豈虔劉之志； 墜之淵泉非其怒，昇之霄漢非其悅。 蕩乎大乎，萬寶以之化； 確乎純乎，一作而不易。 化而不易，則謂之命。 命也者，自天之命也。 定於冥兆，終然不變。 鬼神莫能預，聖哲不能謀； 觸山之力無以抗，倒日之誠弗能感； 短則不可緩之於寸陰，長則不可急之於箭漏； 至德未能逾，上智所不免。 是以放勳之代，浩浩襄陵； 天乙之時，燋金流石。 文公𨆫其尾，宣尼絕其糧； 顏回敗其叢蘭，冉耕歌其芣苡； 夷、叔斃淑媛之言，子輿困臧倉之訴。 聖賢且猶若此，而況庸庸者乎！ 至乃伍員浮屍於江流，三閭沈骸於湘渚； 賈大夫沮志於長沙，馮都尉皓發於郎署； 君山鴻漸，鎩羽儀於高雲； 敬通鳳起，摧迅翮於風穴：此豈才不足而行有遺哉？
Guan Lu was brilliantly gifted and peerless—a true hero of the realm, no common diviner. Yet he only reached vice director of the palace storehouse and died at forty-eight—how scant Heaven's reward! High talent without rank and gluttons in high place have long been lamented—not Guan Lu alone. Life, rise and fall, early death and blockage tangle together—no one sorts them out. Wang Chong hid the root; Sima Qian opened the puzzle. The poor in cap and window insist heaven sets a term; while tripod nobles in high gates say only men summon fortune. Noise and quarrel—many heterodoxies arise at once. Xiao Yuanlun treated the root but not the flow; Zi Xuan the flow but not the root. I once said: the Way begets all things—that is the Way; life without a master is the natural. Natural means things see it is so, not why; all alike gain, not knowing how they gain. It stirs and molds without merit; myriad kinds form without its force; in life no mind to nurture; in death no will to slaughter; plunging into abyss is not anger, rising to heaven not pleasure. Vast and great—myriad treasures transform by it; firm and pure—one act, unchanging. Transforming yet unchanging—that is fate. Fate is what Heaven mandates. Fixed in dark omens, finally unaltered. Ghosts cannot foretell, sages cannot plot; strength to topple mountains cannot resist; sincerity to overturn the sun cannot move it; the short cannot be stretched in a moment, the long hurried by a water-clock drip; utmost virtue cannot overstep it, highest wisdom cannot escape it. In Yao's age floods piled to the hills; in Tang's time metal scorched and stones ran like water. Duke Wen tugged his tail; Confucius ran out of grain; Yan Hui's orchids withered; Ran Geng sang of plantain; Bo Yi and Shu Qi died for a lady's words; Zengzi was trapped by Zang Cang's suit. Even sages were thus—how much more ordinary men! Wu Zixu floated on the river, Qu Yuan sank in Xiang shallows; Jia Yi lost heart at Changsha, Feng Tang white-haired in the guard office; Jun Shan's flight, wings clipped in high clouds; Jing Tong's rise, pinions broken in the wind cave—lack of talent or flawed conduct?
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近代有沛國劉瓛、瓛弟璡，並一時之秀士也。 瓛則關西孔子，通涉《六經》，循循善誘，服膺儒行。 璡則志烈秋霜，心貞昆玉，亭亭高竦，不雜風塵。 皆毓德於衡門，並馳聲於天地。 而官有微于侍郎，位不登於執戟，相繼徂落，宗祀無饗。 因斯兩賢，以言古則：昔之玉質金相，英髦秀達，皆擯斥於當年，韞奇才而莫用，候草木以共凋，與麋鹿而同死。 膏塗平原，骨填川谷，湮滅而無聞者，豈可勝道哉！ 此則宰衡之與皂隸，容、彭之與殤子，猗頓之與黔婁，陽文之與敦洽，咸得之於自然，不假道於才智。 故曰「死生有命，富貴在天」，其斯之謂矣。 然命體周流，變化非一，或先號後笑，或始吉終凶，或不召自來，或因人以濟。 交錯紛糾，循環倚伏。 非可以一理徵，非可以一途驗。 而其道密微，寂寥忽慌，無形可以見，無聲可以聞。 必御物以效靈，亦憑人而成象，譬天王之冕旒，任百官以司職。 而惑者睹湯、武之龍躍，謂龕亂在神功； 聞孔、墨之挺生，謂英睿擅奇響； 視彭、韓之豹變，謂鷙猛致人爵； 見張、桓之朱紱，謂明經拾青紫。 豈知有力者運之而趨乎？ 故言而非命，有六蔽焉。 余請陳其梗概：
Recently Liu Huan of Pei and his brother Lin were both outstanding men of the age. Huan was the west's Confucius, versed in the Six Classics, gentle in teaching, devoted to the rites. Lin's will was autumn frost, heart Kun jade, towering, unstained by dust. Both nurtured virtue behind a humble gate and spread fame through heaven and earth. Yet office barely reached vice director and rank never halberd-bearer; they died in turn and sacrifices went unfed. By these two: jade quality and gold aspect, splendid talent—all cast out in their day, talents unused, withering with grass and trees, dying with deer. Grease on the plain, bones in the valleys—those sunk unheard, beyond counting! Prime minister and clerk, long life and early death, rich and poor—all from nature, not wit. Hence "life and death have fate, wealth and honor from Heaven"—that is the sense. Yet fate circulates; change is not one—wail then laugh, auspicious then ill, come unbidden, succeed through others. Crossed and tangled, cycling hidden and manifest. It cannot be verified by one principle nor tested on one path. Its way is secret and fine, lonely and dim—no form to see, no sound to hear. It rides things to show spirit and relies on men for images—like the king's cap, leaving officers their charge. The deluded see Tang and Wu's dragon leap and say pacifying chaos was divine merit; hear Confucius and Mozi born and say brilliance monopolized fame; see Peng and Han's leopard change and say fierceness won rank; see Zhang and Huan's red cords and say classics won purple rank. How would they know a powerful mover hurries it along? Thus speaking against fate has six obscurations. I ask leave to set forth the outline:
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夫靡顏膩理，哆噅顣頞，形之異也； 朝秀辰終，龜鶴千歲，年之殊也； 聞言如響，智昏菽麥，神之辨也。 固知三者定乎造化，榮辱之境，獨曰由人。 是知二五而未識於十，其蔽一也。 龍犀日角，帝王之表； 河目龜文，公侯之相。 撫鏡知其將刑，壓紐顯其膺錄。 星虹樞電，昭聖德之符； 夜哭聚雲，鬱興王之瑞。 皆兆發於前朞，渙汗於後葉。 若謂驅貔虎，奮尺劍，入紫微，升帝道； 則未達窅冥之情，未測神明之數，其蔽二也。 空桑之里，變成洪川； 歷陽之都，化爲魚鱉。 楚師屠漢卒，睢河鯁其流； 秦人坑趙士，沸聲若雷震。 火炎昆岳，礫石與琬琰俱焚； 嚴霜夜零，蕭艾與芝蘭共盡。 雖游、夏之英才，伊、顏之殆庶，焉能抗之哉？ 其蔽三也。 或曰，明月之珠，不能無纇； 夏后之璜，不能無考。 故亭伯死於縣長，長卿卒於園令，才非不傑也，主非不明也，而碎結綠之鴻輝，殘懸黎之夜色，抑尺之量有短哉？ 若然者，主父偃、公孫弘對策不升第，歷說而不入，牧豕淄原，見棄州部。 設令忽如過隙，溘死霜露，其爲詬恥，豈崔、馬之流乎？ 及至開東閤，列五鼎，電照風行，聲馳海外，寧前愚而後智，先非而終是？ 將榮悴有定數，天命有至極，而謬生妍蚩？ 其蔽四也。 夫虎嘯風馳，龍興雲屬，故重華立而元、凱升，辛受生而飛廉進。 然則天下善人少，惡人多； 闇主衆，明君寡。 而薰蕕不同器，梟鸞不接翼。 是使渾沌、檮杌，踵武雲臺之上； 仲容、庭堅，耕耘巖石之下。 橫謂廢興在我，無繫於天，其蔽五也。 彼戎狄者，人面獸心，宴安鴆毒，以誅殺爲道德，以蒸報爲仁義。 雖大風立於青丘，鑿齒奮於華野，比其狼戾，曾何足逾。 自金行不競，天地版蕩，左帶沸脣，乘間電發。 遂覆瀍、洛，傾五都； 居先王之桑梓，竊名號於中縣； 與三皇競其氓黎，五帝角其區宇。 種落繁熾，充牣神州。 嗚呼！ 福善禍淫，徒虛言耳。 豈非否泰相傾，盈縮遞運，而汩之以人？ 其蔽六也。
Fine skin, gaping mouth—these are bodily differences; morning glory ends at dusk, tortoise and crane a thousand years—differences of years; hearing like echo, wit dim as beans—these are differences of spirit. The three are fixed by creation, yet glory and shame they say come from man alone. This is knowing two fives but not ten—the first obscuration. Dragon horn and sun brow—the emperor's form; river eyes and tortoise pattern—duke and marquis form. stroking the mirror one knows execution coming; pressing the seal-knob shows appointment. star rainbow and pivot lightning show sage virtue; night weeping and cloud gathering are omens of a rising king. All omens issue in an earlier term and pour forth in later generations. If one says driving tiger and leopard, wielding a sword, entering Purple Subtlety, ascending the imperial Way— then one has not reached the dark abyss nor measured divine numbers—the second obscuration. The village of Kongsang became a mighty river; the capital of Liyang turned to fish and turtles. Chu troops slaughtered Han soldiers; the Sui choked on corpses; Qin buried Zhao soldiers; the boiling sound was thunder. Fire on Kun peak; gravel and fine jade burned together; hard frost at night; wormwood and orchid perished together. Though You and Xia were talented, Yi and Yan nearly sages—how resist? The third obscuration. Some say the bright-moon pearl cannot be without flaw; the Xia sovereign's jade cannot be without crack. Ting Bo died under a county chief, Sima Xiangru as park keeper—talent was not lacking, rulers not blind, yet splendor was shattered—is the measure sometimes short? If so, Zhufu Yan and Gongsun Hong failed the exam, pleaded without entry, herded pigs, abandoned by the province. Suppose they passed like a crack and died in dew—would their shame match Cui and Ma? When they opened the eastern pavilion and set five tripods, fame raced overseas—foolish before and wise after? Or is glory fixed in number and mandate has a limit, and we wrongly birth beauty and ugliness? The fourth obscuration. Tiger roar, wind runs; dragon rises, clouds gather—Chonghua stood and Yuan and Kai rose; Xin Shou was born and Fei Lian advanced. Thus good men are few, evil many; dark lords many, bright lords few. Sweet grass and foul cannot share a vessel; owl and phoenix cannot wing together. This makes Hun Dun and Tao Wu tread Cloud Terrace; Zhongrong and Ting Jian plow beneath cliff rocks. They insist rise and fall depend on me, not Heaven—the fifth obscuration. Those barbarians: human face, beast heart, ease in poison, slaughter as morality, steaming revenge as benevolence. Though the great wind stood at Green Hill and Zao Chi strove on Hua wild, compared with their savagery what surpasses them? Since the Jin line failed, heaven and earth overturned, border peoples boiled, seizing the moment like lightning. They overthrew Chan and Luo, toppled the five capitals; dwelt in the former kings' homeland, stole titles in the central counties; rivaled the Three Sovereigns for the people, contended with the Five Emperors for the realm. Tribes multiplied and filled the divine land. Alas! Bless the good and punish the evil—empty words only. Is it not decline and peace leaning, full and empty turning, yet muddied by man? The sixth obscuration.
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然所謂命者，死生焉，貴賤焉，貧富焉，理亂焉，禍福焉，此十者天之所賦也。 愚智善惡，此四者人之所行也。 夫神非舜、禹，心異朱、均，才絓中庸，在於所習。 是以素絲無恒，玄黃代起； 鮑魚芳蘭，入而自變。 故季路學於仲尼，厲風霜之節； 楚穆謀於潘崇，成悖逆之禍。 而商臣之惡，盛業光於後嗣； 仲由之善，不能息其結纓。 斯則邪正由於人，吉凶存乎命。 或以鬼神害盈，皇天輔德。 故宋公一言，法星三徙； 殷帝自翦，千里來雲。 善惡無徵，未洽斯義。 且于公高門以待封，嚴母掃墓以望喪。 此君子所以自強不息也。 如使仁而無報，奚爲修善立名乎？ 斯徑廷之辭也。 夫聖人之言，顯而晦，微而婉，幽遠而難聞，河漢而不極。 或立教以進庸惰，或言命以窮性靈。 積善餘慶，立教也； 鳳鳥不至，言命也。 今以其片言辯其要趨，何異乎夕死之類而論春秋之變哉？ 且荊昭德音，丹雲不卷； 周宣祈雨，珪璧斯罄。 于叟種德，不逮勳、華之高； 延年殘獷，未甚東陵之酷。 爲善一，爲惡均，而禍福異其流，廢興殊其迹。 蕩蕩上帝，豈如是乎？ 《詩》云：「風雨如晦，雞鳴不已。」 故善人爲善，焉有息哉？
Fate: life and death, noble and base, poor and rich, order and chaos, fortune and disaster—ten things Heaven bestows. Foolish and wise, good and evil—these four man performs. Spirit is not Yao and Shun's alone; hearts differ; talent snags on the mean—in practice. Plain silk has no constancy; black and yellow rise in turn; saltfish and orchid—enter and change of themselves. Zilu studied with Confucius and forged frost-and-wind integrity; Chu Mu plotted with Pan Chong and achieved rebellious disaster. yet Shang Chen's evil let his enterprise shine on heirs; Zhong You's good could not cancel his knotted cap at death. Crooked and straight come from man; fortune and ill rest in fate. Some say spirits harm the full and Heaven aids virtue. Duke Song's one word moved the law star thrice; the Yin emperor cut himself and clouds came a thousand li. Good and evil without tokens—this is not yet reconciled. Duke Yu's high gate awaited enfeoffment; Yan's mother swept the tomb awaiting mourning. This is why the gentleman strengthens himself unceasingly. If benevolence had no reward, why cultivate goodness and establish a name? This is courtyard-wide talk. The sage's words are manifest yet obscure, far and hard to hear, like the Milky Way without end. Sometimes he teaches to advance the dull; sometimes speaks fate to exhaust the spirit. "Heaping good leaves surplus blessing"—that is teaching; "The phoenix does not come"—that is speaking fate. To argue the gist from a fragment—how unlike dying at dusk yet discussing Spring and Autumn changes? King Zhao of Chu's virtuous sound did not roll cinnabar clouds; King Xuan of Zhou prayed for rain and jade scepters were exhausted. Old Yu planted virtue yet did not reach Xun and Hua; Yan Nian was cruel yet not as bad as Dongling. one good, one evil equal, yet fortune and disaster differ, rise and fall differ. Vast Heaven—could it be like this? The Odes say: "Wind and rain like night, the cock crows unceasingly. Thus the good man doing good—how could he rest?
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夫食稻梁，進芻豢，衣狐貉，襲冰紈，觀窈眇之奇儛，聽雲和之琴瑟，此生人之所急，非有求而爲也。 修道德，習仁義，敦孝悌，立忠貞，漸禮樂之腴潤，蹈先王之盛則，此君子之所急，非有求而爲也。 然而君子居正體道，樂天知命。 明其無可奈何，識其不由智力。 逝而不召，來而不距，生而不喜，死而不戚。 瑤臺夏屋，不能悅其神； 土室編蓬，未足憂其慮。 不充詘於富貴，不遑遑於所欲。 豈有史公、董相《不遇》之文乎？
To eat grain and meat, wear fur and silk, watch subtle dances, hear Yunhe music—living men desire this, not from seeking. To cultivate the Way, practice benevolence, thicken filial piety, establish loyalty, steep in rites and music, tread the former kings' pattern—the gentleman desires this, not from seeking. Yet the gentleman dwells in rectitude and embodies the Way, delights in Heaven and knows fate. He clarifies what cannot be helped and knows it does not come from intellect and strength. What departs he does not summon; what comes he does not reject; living not glad; dying not grieved. Jade terraces and summer halls cannot gladden his spirit; earthen rooms and woven rush are not enough to trouble his cares. He does not puff up in wealth and honor, does not hurry after desires. Would he write Unappreciated essays like Sima Qian and Dong Zhongshu?
11
論成，中山劉沼致書以難之，凡再反，峻並爲申析以答之。 會沼卒，不見峻後報者，峻乃爲書以序之曰：「劉侯旣有斯難，值余有天倫之戚，竟未之致也。 尋而此君長逝，化爲異物，緒言餘論，蘊而莫傳。 或有自其家得而示余者，悲其音徽未沫，而其人已亡，青簡尚新，而宿草將列，泫然不知涕之無從。 雖隙駟不留，尺波電謝； 而秋菊春蘭，英華靡絕。 故存其梗概，更酬其旨。 若使墨翟之言無爽，宣室之談有徵。 冀東平之樹，望咸陽而西靡； 蓋山之泉，聞弦歌而赴節。 但懸劍空壟，有恨如何！」 其論文多不載。
When the discourse was done Liu Zhao of Zhongshan challenged it; twice he replied and Jun answered with analysis. When Zhao died Jun never saw the later reply; he wrote a preface: "Lord Liu had this challenge, but I had domestic grief and never answered. Soon he passed away; his arguments lay hidden and were not transmitted. Someone showed me his papers; I grieved his tone not faded while the man was gone, bamboo fresh while grave grass would soon rise—tears fell unawares. Though the gap-team does not stay, the wave flashes like lightning; autumn chrysanthemum and spring orchid—splendor never ends. Therefore I keep the outline and answer his intent again. If Mozi's words were not wrong and the Xuan chamber talk had proof— I would hope the tree at Dongping, gazing at Xianyang, bends west; the spring on Gai Mountain, hearing string songs, matches the beat. But the sword hangs over an empty mound—what regret can match! Most of the discourse is not recorded here.
12
峻又嘗爲《自序》，其略曰：「余自比馮敬通，而有同之者三，異之者四。 何則？ 敬通雄才冠世，志剛金石； 余雖不及之，而節亮慷慨，此一同也。 敬通值中興明君，而終不試用； 余逢命世英主，亦擯斥當年，此二同也。 敬通有忌妻，至於身操井臼； 余有悍室，亦令家道晳感軻，此三同也。 敬通當更始之世，手握兵符，躍馬食肉； 余自少迄長，戚戚無歡，此一異也。 敬通有一子仲文，官成名立； 余禍同伯道，永無血胤，此二異也。 敬通膂力方剛，老而益壯； 余有犬馬之疾，溘死無時，此三異也。 敬通雖芝殘蕙焚，終填溝壑，而爲名賢所慕，其風流郁烈芬芳，久而彌盛； 余聲塵寂漠，世不吾知，魂魄一去，將同秋草，此四異也。 所以自力爲敘，遺之好事云。」 峻居東陽，吳、會人士多從其學。 普通二年，卒，時年六十。 門人諡曰玄靖先生。
Jun also wrote a Self-Preface: "I compare myself to Feng Jingtong with three likenesses and four differences. How so? Jingtong's talent topped the age, his will firm as metal and stone; I do not reach him, yet in integrity and generous spirit—one likeness. Jingtong met a bright lord at restoration yet was never tried; I met a brilliant lord yet was cast out in my year—the second likeness. Jingtong had a jealous wife, to the point of working the well and mortar himself; I have a fierce wife who also cramped the household like the narrow rut—the third likeness. Jingtong in Gengshi's age held the tally and leapt on horse to eat meat; from youth to age I have been sorrowful without joy—the first difference. Jingtong had a son Zhongwen who achieved office and fame; my misfortune matches Bo Dao—I shall never have heirs—the second difference. Jingtong's strength was just firm and in old age grew stronger; I have chronic illness and may die at any time—the third difference. Jingtong though orchid and iris burned still filled the ditch, yet worthies admired him; his fragrance long grew stronger; my name is silent, the age does not know me; once soul departs I am autumn grass—the fourth difference. Therefore I force myself to write this and leave it for lovers of such things." Jun dwelt in Dongyang; many men of Wu and Kuai studied with him. In Putong year two he died, aged sixty. His disciples gave the posthumous title Master Xuanjing.
13
劉沼字明信，中山魏昌人。 六代祖輿，晉驃騎將軍。
Liu Zhao, styled Mingxin, came from Weichang in Zhongshan. His sixth-generation ancestor Yu was Jin general of agile cavalry.
14
沼幼善屬文，旣長博學。 仕齊起家奉朝請，冠軍行參軍。 天監初，拜後軍臨川王記室參軍，秣陵令，卒。
In youth Zhao wrote well; grown, he was widely learned. Under Qi he began as court attendant and champion acting aide. Early Tianjian he served Linchuan prince as staff secretary and governed Moling, then died.
15
謝幾卿，陳郡陽夏人。 曾祖靈運，宋臨川內史； 父超宗，齊黃門郎； 並有重名於前代。
Xie Jiqing was from Yangxia in Chen. Great-grandfather Lingyun was Song Linchuan administrator; father Chaozong was Qi yellow-gate gentleman; both were famed in earlier times.
16
幾卿幼清辯，當世號曰神童。 後超宗坐事徙越州，路出新亭渚，幾卿不忍辭訣，遂投赴江流，左右馳救，得不沉溺。 及居父憂，哀毀過禮。 服闋，召補國子生。 齊文惠太子自臨策試，謂祭酒王儉曰：「幾卿本長玄理，今可以經義訪之。」 儉承旨發問，幾卿隨事辨對，辭無滯者，文惠大稱賞焉。 儉謂人曰：「謝超宗爲不死矣。」
Young Jiqing debated clearly; his age called him a prodigy. When Chaozong was exiled to Yue and passed Xinting, Jiqing leapt into the river; aides saved him from drowning. Mourning his father, he grieved beyond the rites. After mourning he entered the National University. Wen Hui prince tested him himself and told Wang Jian: "Jiqing masters dark learning; examine him on the classics." Jian questioned him; Jiqing answered without pause and Wen Hui praised him highly. Jian said: "Xie Chaozong lives again."
17
旣長好學，博涉有文采。 起家豫章王國常侍，累遷車騎法曹行參軍、相國祭酒。 出爲寧國令，入補尚書殿中郎、太尉晉安王主簿。 天監初，除征虜鄱陽王記室、尚書三公侍郎，尋爲治書侍御史。 舊郎官轉爲此職者，世謂爲南奔。 幾卿頗失志，多陳疾，臺事略不復理。 徙爲散騎侍郎，累遷中書郎、國子博士、尚書左丞。 幾卿詳悉故實，僕射徐勉每有疑滯，多詢訪之。 然性通脫，會意便行，不拘朝憲。 嘗預樂游苑宴，不得醉而還，因詣道邊酒壚，停車褰幔，與車前三騶對飲，時觀者如堵，幾卿處之自若。 後以在省署，夜著犢鼻褌，與門生登閣道飲酒酣嘑，爲有司糾奏，坐免官。 尋起爲國子博士，俄除河東太守，秩未滿，陳疾解。 尋除太子率更令，遷鎮衛南平王長史。 普通六年，詔遣領軍將軍西昌侯蕭淵藻督衆軍北伐，幾卿啓求行，擢爲軍師長史，加威戎將軍。 軍至渦陽退敗，幾卿坐免官。
Grown, he studied widely and wrote with grace. He began in Yuzhang prince's service, rose to cavalry law aide and prince libationer. He governed Ningguo, then became secretariat palace gentleman and Jin'an prince chief clerk. Early Tianjian he was Poyang staff secretary and secretariat gentleman, soon imperial censor. Office gentlemen called this transfer "fleeing south." Dispirited, he often feigned illness and neglected ministry work. He became supernumerary cavalry gentleman, then secretariat gentleman, university erudite, and secretariat vice director. He knew antiquities; Xu Mian often asked his advice. Yet he was free-spirited and ignored court decorum when mood moved him. Drunkless after Leyou feast, he drank with his outriders at a roadside inn while crowds stared unabashed. Caught drinking on the gallery in shorts at night, he was impeached and dismissed. Soon erudite again, then Hedong governor; he resigned ill before term's end. Soon crown prince rate officer, then Pingnan prince chief secretary. Putong year six he joined Marquis of Xichang Xiao Yuanyu's northern campaign as chief secretary and weirong general. Defeat at Woyang cost him his post.
18
居宅在白楊石井，朝中交好者載酒從之，賓客滿坐。 時左丞庾仲容亦免歸，二人意志相得，並肆情誕縱，或乘露車歷遊郊野，旣醉則執鐸輓歌，不屑物議。 湘東王在荊鎮，與書慰勉之。 幾卿答曰：「下官自奉違南浦，卷迹東郊，望日臨風，瞻言佇立。 仰尋惠渥，陪奉遊宴，漾桂棹於清池，席落英於曾岨。 蘭香兼御，羽觴競集，側聽餘論，沐浴玄流。 濤波之辯，懸河不足譬； 春藻之辭，麗文無以匹。 莫不相顧動容，服心勝口，不覺春日爲遙，更謂脩夜爲促。 嘉會難常，摶雲易遠，言念如昨，忽焉素秋。 恩光不遺，善謔遠降。 因事罷歸，豈雲棲息。 旣匪高官，理就一廛。 田家作苦，實符清誨。 本乏金羈之飾，無假玉璧爲資； 徒以老使形疏，疾令心阻，沉滯床簟，彌歷七旬。 夢幻俄頃，憂傷在念，竟知無益，思自袪遣。 尋理滌意，即以任命爲膏酥； 攬鏡照形，翻以支離代萱樹。 故得仰慕徽猷，永言前哲； 鬼穀深棲，接輿高舉； 遁名屠肆，發迹關市； 其人緬邈，餘流可想。 若令亡者有知，寧不縈悲玄壤，悵隔芳塵； 如其逝者可作，必當昭被光景，歡同遊豫； 使夫一介老圃，得簉虛心末席。 去日已疏，來侍未孱； 連劍飛鳧，擬非其類； 懷私茂德，竊用涕零。」
At White Poplar Stone Well court friends flocked with wine. Dismissed Yu Zhongrong joined him in wild outings, singing with bells and scorning opinion. Prince Xiangdong in Jingzhou wrote to console him. He answered: "Since leaving the southern ford I hide in the eastern suburbs, daily facing the wind in longing. I recall your kindness at feasts—cassia boats on clear pools, blossoms on layered hills. Orchid scent and competing cups; I heard your discourse and bathed in dark learning. Debate like surging waves outdid hanging rivers; spring foliage in phrasing had no match. All were moved, convinced beyond words, not feeling spring distant or night short. Fine meetings fade; yesterday feels suddenly like autumn. Your grace remains; kind words come from afar. Dismissed on business—is that rest? No high office—only one hamlet suits me. Farm toil is bitter, as your teaching says. I lacked gold trappings and jade capital; age thins me and illness blocks the heart—seventy days on the couch. Dreams pass in a moment; sorrow is useless and I would cast it off. Seeking clarity, I take office as salve; in the mirror I see deformity where others see daylilies. So I honor sages past; Gui Guzi hid deep; Jie Yu held high; names in butcher stalls, rise from market gates; those men are far; their traces remain. If the dead know, they grieve in dark earth, parted from life; if the dead could act, they would shine as in former tours; let this old gardener join the last seat. Parting is long past; new attendance is not slight; linked swords and flying ducks are not my kind; cherishing your virtue I weep in private."
19
幾卿雖不持檢操，然於家門篤睦。 兄才卿早卒，其子藻幼孤，幾卿撫養甚至。 及藻成立，歷清官公府祭酒、主簿，皆幾卿獎訓之力也。 世以此稱之。
Though unrestrained, he was deeply affectionate at home. Brother Caicheng died young; Jiqing raised orphan Zao devotedly. Zao's offices came from Jiqing's training. The age praised it.
20
幾卿未及序用，病卒。 文集行於世。
He died ill before full use. His works circulated.
21
劉勰字彥和，東莞莒人。 祖靈真，宋司空秀之弟也。 父尚，越騎校尉。
Liu Xie, styled Yanhe, was from Ju in Dongguan. Grandfather Lingzhen was younger brother of Song Minister of Works Xiu. Father Shang was rapid cavalry commandant.
22
勰早孤，篤志好學。 家貧不婚娶，依沙門僧祐，與之居處，積十餘年，遂博通經論，因區別部類，錄而序之。 今定林寺經藏，勰所定也。 天監初，起家奉朝請、中軍臨川王宏引兼記室，遷車騎倉曹參軍。 出爲太末令，政有清績。 除仁威南康王記室，兼東宮通事舍人。 時七廟饗薦已用蔬果，而二郊農社猶有犧牲。 勰乃表言二郊宜與七廟同改，詔付尚書議，依勰所陳。 遷步兵校尉，兼舍人如故。 昭明太子好文學，深愛接之。
Orphaned early, he studied devotedly. Poor and unmarried, he lived with monk Sengyou ten years, mastered sutras, and classified the canon. Dinglin Temple's canon was his ordering. Early Tianjian he was court attendant, then Linchuan prince staff secretary and cavalry storehouse aide. As Taimo magistrate his rule was exemplary. He became Nankang staff secretary and Eastern Palace attendant. Seven temples used fruit; two suburbs still sacrificed animals. He urged matching suburbs to temples; the ministry agreed. He rose to infantry commandant while keeping attendant duty. Zhaoming prince loved letters and favored him.
23
初，勰撰《文心雕龍》五十篇，論古今文體，引而次之。 其序曰：
He wrote Literary Mind and Carved Dragon in fifty chapters on styles past and present. The preface says:
24
夫文心者，言爲文之用心也。 昔涓子《琴心》，王孫《巧心》，心哉美矣夫，故用之焉。 古來文章，以雕縟成體，豈取騶奭羣言雕龍也。 夫宇宙綿邈，黎獻紛雜，拔萃出類，智術而已。 歲月飄忽，性靈不居，騰聲飛實，製作而已。 夫肖貌天地，稟性五才，擬耳目於日月，方聲氣乎風雷，其超出萬物，亦已靈矣。 形甚草木之脆，名逾金石之堅，是以君子處世，樹德建言，豈好辯哉？ 不得已也。
Literary Mind means mind applied to writing. Juanzi's Lute Mind and Wang Sun's Clever Mind show how beautiful mind is—hence the title. Ancient writings are ornate—is the title from Zou Yi's "carving the dragon"? The cosmos is vast; to stand out takes intelligence alone. Time flies; raising sound and fact is making alone. We mirror heaven and earth, model senses on sun and moon and voice on wind and thunder—we surpass all things in spirit. Form is fragile, fame hard—gentlemen plant virtue and speak: not from love of debate but because they must.
25
予齒在逾立，嘗夜夢執丹漆之禮器，隨仲尼而南行，旦而寤，乃怡然而喜。 大哉聖人之難見也！ 乃小子之垂夢歟！ 自生人以來，未有如夫子者也。 敷贊聖旨，莫若注經，而馬、鄭諸儒，弘之已精，就有深解，未足立家。 唯文章之用，實經典枝條，五禮資之以成，六典因之致用，君臣所以炳煥，軍國所以昭明。 詳其本源，莫非經典。 而去聖久遠，文體解散，辭人愛奇，言貴浮詭，飾羽尚畫，文繡鞶帨，離本彌甚，將遂訛濫。 蓋《周書》論辭，貴乎體要； 尼父陳訓，惡乎異端。 辭訓之異，宜體於要。 於是搦筆和墨，乃始論文。
Past twenty I dreamed I held ritual vessels following Confucius south and woke pleased. How hard to see the sage! Was it a small man's dream below? Since men arose none like the Master. Annotating classics spreads the sage intent, but Ma and Zheng refined it—deep insight cannot found a school. Writing alone is the classics' branches: rites and canons depend on it; lord and minister and army and state shine through it. At root all come from the classics. Far from sages, styles dissolved; writers loved the strange and ornament, drifting from root toward false overflow. Zhou Documents prize substance in phrasing; Confucius hated heterodox branches. Phrasing and instruction should take substance as body. So I took brush and ink and began to discuss writing.
26
詳觀近代之論文者多矣。 至如魏文述《典》，陳思序《書》，應瑒《文論》，陸機《文賦》，仲洽《流別》，弘範《翰林》，各照隅隙，鮮觀衢路。 或臧否當時之才，或銓品前修之文，或汎舉雅俗之旨，或撮題篇章之意。 魏《典》密而不周，陳《書》辯而無當，應《論》華而疏略，陸《賦》巧而碎亂，《流別》精而少功，《翰林》淺而寡要。 又君山、公幹之徒，吉甫、士龍之輩，汎議文意，往往間出，並未能振葉以尋根，觀瀾而索源。 不述先哲之誥，無益後生之慮。
Recent writing discussions are many. Cao Pi's Classic, Cao Zhi's Letter, Ying Chang, Lu Ji, Wang Zhongxuan, Liu Hongfan—each sees a corner, rarely the road. Some judge present talent, some earlier writings, some taste, some chapter themes. Wei's Classic is dense but incomplete; Chen's Letter clever but unsound; Ying loose; Lu fragmented; Genre Differentiation fine but slight; Forest shallow. Junshan, Gonggan, Jifu, Shilong discuss in pieces but none sought root from leaf or source from billows. They do not transmit sages' instructions or aid later students.
27
蓋《文心》之作也，本乎道，師乎聖，體乎經，酌乎緯，變乎《騷》，文之樞紐，亦云極矣。 若乃論文敘筆，則囿別區分，原始以表末，釋名以章義，選文以定篇，敷理以舉統； 上篇以上，綱領明矣。 至於割情析表，籠圈條貫，摛神性，圖風勢，苞會通，閱聲字，崇贊於《時序》，褒貶於《才略》，怊悵於《知音》，耿介於《程器》，長懷《序志》，以馭羣篇； 下篇以下，毛目顯矣。 位理定名，彰乎《大易》之數，其爲文用，四十九篇而已。
Literary Mind roots in the Way, sages, classics, weft-texts, and Li Sao—the pivot of writing. It delimits writing, shows origin and end, names and meaning, texts and chapters, principle and systems— the upper chapters' outline is clear. It cuts emotion, maps wind, surveys sound, exalts Seasonal Order, Talent Summary, Knowing Sound, Style Vessel, and Preface Intent— the lower chapters' categories are manifest. Principle and names shine in Change numbers; forty-nine chapters serve writing.
28
夫銓敘一文爲易，彌綸羣言爲難。 雖復輕采毛髮，深極骨髓，或有曲意密源，似近而遠，辭所不載，亦不勝數矣。 及其品評成文，有同乎舊談者，非雷同也，勢自不可異也； 有異乎前論者，非苟異也，理自不可同也。 同之與異，不屑古今，擘肌分理，唯務折衷。 案轡文雅之場，而環絡藻繪之府，亦幾乎備矣。 但言不盡意，聖人所難，識在缾管，何能矩矱。 茫茫往代，旣洗予聞； 眇眇來世，儻塵彼觀。
One text is easy; binding all sayings is hard. Though probing deep, hidden sources seem near yet far—much is left unsaid. Some judgments match old talk—not sameness but necessity; some differ—not rashness but different principle. Sameness and difference ignore age; one seeks the mean. One almost completes the field of letters and ornament. Words do not exhaust meaning; knowing is narrow—how square the compass? Past ages have washed my hearing; coming ages may dust that view.
29
旣成，未爲時流所稱。 勰自重其文，欲取定於沈約。 約時貴盛，無由自達，乃負其書，候約出，干之於車前，狀若貨鬻者。 約便命取讀，大重之，謂爲深得文理，常陳諸几案。
Finished, it was not praised by the age. Xie prized his text and sought Shen Yue's judgment. Unable to reach noble Shen Yue, he waited at his carriage like a peddler. Yue read it, prized it, said it mastered principle, and kept it on his desk.
30
然勰爲文長於佛理，京師寺塔及名僧碑誌，必請勰制文。 有敕與慧震沙門於定林寺撰經證，功畢，遂啓求出家，先燔鬢髮以自誓，敕許之。 乃於寺變服，改名慧地。 未朞而卒。 文集行於世。
He excelled in Buddhist writing; temples and steles sought his texts. Ordered to compile sutras with Huizhen, he then vowed to tonsure; the throne permitted it. He changed robes at the temple and took the name Huidi. Within a year he died. His works circulated.
31
王籍字文海，琅邪臨沂人。 祖遠，宋光祿勳。 父僧祐，齊驍騎將軍。
Wang Ji, styled Wenhai, was from Linyi in Langye. Grandfather Yuan was Song director of the imperial clan. Father Sengyou was Qi rapid cavalry general.
32
籍七歲能屬文。 及長，好學博涉，有才氣，樂安任昉見而稱之。 嘗於沈約坐賦得《詠燭》，甚爲約賞。 齊末，爲冠軍行參軍，累遷外兵、記室。 天監初，除安成王主簿、尚書三公郎、廷尉正。 歷餘姚、錢塘令，並以放免。 久之，除輕車湘東王諮議參軍，隨府會稽。 郡境有雲門、天柱山，籍嘗遊之，或累月不反。 至若邪溪賦詩，其略云：「蟬噪林逾靜，鳥鳴山更幽。」 當時以爲文外獨絕。 還爲大司馬從事中郎，遷中散大夫，尤不得志，遂徒行市道，不擇交遊。 湘東王爲荊州，引爲安西府諮議參軍，帶作塘令。 不理縣事，日飲酒，人有訟者，鞭而遣之。 少時，卒。 文集行於世。
At seven Ji could compose. Grown, he studied widely; Ren Fang praised him. At Shen Yue's he composed On the Candle and won praise. Late Qi he was champion aide, then external affairs and staff secretary. Early Tianjian he was Ancheng chief clerk, secretariat gentleman, and court reviewer. He governed Yuyao and Qiantang, both dismissed for license. Later he was Xiangdong consulting colonel in Kuaiji. He often toured Cloud Gate and Tianzhu for months. At Ruoye Creek: "Cicadas cry—the grove stiller; birds call—the mountain more secluded." The age called it beyond the text. Returning frustrated, he walked markets without choosing company. Xiangdong in Jingzhou made him consulting colonel and Zuotang magistrate. He drank daily; suitors he whipped away. He died young. His works circulated.
33
子碧，亦有文才，先籍卒。
Son Bi had talent and died before Ji.
34
何思澄字元靜，東海郯人。 父敬叔，齊征東錄事參軍、餘杭令。
He Sicheng, styled Yuanjing, was from Tan in Donghai. Father Jingshu was Qi eastern expedition recorder and Yuhang magistrate.
35
思澄少勤學，工文辭。 起家爲南康王侍郎，累遷安成王左常侍，兼太學博士，平南安成王行參軍，兼記室。 隨府江州，爲《遊廬山詩》，沈約見之，大相稱賞，自以爲弗逮。 約郊居宅新構閣齋，因命工書人題此詩於壁。 傅昭常請思澄制《釋奠詩》，辭文典麗。 除廷尉正。 天監十五年，敕太子詹事徐勉舉學士入華林撰《遍略》，勉舉思澄等五人以應選。 遷治書侍御史。 宋、齊以來，此職稍輕，天監初始重其選。 車前依尚書二丞給三騶，執盛印青囊，舊事糾彈官印綬在前故也。 久之，遷秣陵令，入兼東宮通事舍人。 除安西湘東王錄事參軍，兼舍人如故。 時徐勉、周捨以才具當朝，並好思澄學，常遞日招致之。 昭明太子薨，出爲黟縣令。 遷除宣惠武陵王中錄事參軍，卒官，時年五十四。 文集十五卷。
Young Sicheng studied hard and wrote well. He began in Nankang service, rose to Ancheng attendant, erudite, and staff secretary. His Mount Lu poem made Shen Yue praise him above himself. Yue had the poem inscribed on his new tower study. Fu Zhao asked for Sacrifice poetry—classic and beautiful. He became court reviewer. Tianjian year fifteen Mian recommended Sicheng and four others for Hualin Digest. He became imperial censor. The post had grown light; Tianjian restored its weight. Three outriders and seal pouch followed old impeachment custom. Later Moling magistrate and Eastern Palace attendant. He was Xiangdong recorder while keeping attendant duty. Xu Mian and Zhou She, holding court, often invited him. When Zhaoming died he became Yi magistrate. He rose to Wuling center recorder and died in office at fifty-four. Fifteen scrolls of works.
36
初，思澄與宗人遜及子朗俱擅文名，時人語曰：「東海三何，子朗最多。」 思澄聞之，曰：「此言誤耳。 如其不然，故當歸遜。」 思澄意謂宜在己也。
People said: "Three He of Donghai—son Lang most." Sicheng said: "That is wrong. If not, it belongs to Xun." He meant himself.
37
子朗字世明，早有才思，工清言，周捨每與共談，服其精理。 嘗爲《敗冢賦》，擬莊周馬棰，其文甚工。 世人語曰：「人中爽爽何子朗。」 歷官員外散騎侍郎，出爲固山令。 卒，時年二十四。 文集行於世。
Son Lang, styled Shiming, excelled in pure talk; Zhou She admired him. His Ruined Mound rhapsody modeled Zhuangzi—very artful. People said: "Among men, bright He Zilang." He was supernumerary cavalry gentleman and Gushan magistrate. He died at twenty-four. His works circulated.
38
劉杳字士深，平原平原人也。 祖乘民，宋冀州刺史。 父聞慰，齊東陽太守，有清績，在《齊書·良政傳》。
Liu Cha, styled Shishen, was from Pingyuan. Grandfather Chenmin was Song Ji inspector. Father Wenwei was Qi Dongyang administrator, in Qi's Good Administration biography.
39
杳年數歲，徵士明僧紹見之，撫而言曰：「此兒實千里之駒。」 十三，丁父憂，每哭，哀感行路。 天監初，爲太學博士、宣惠豫章王行參軍。
Sengshao called young Cha a thousand-li colt. At thirteen mourning his father, his weeping moved passersby. Early Tianjian he was university erudite and Yuzhang acting aide.
40
杳少好學，博綜羣書，沈約、任昉以下，每有遺忘，皆訪問焉。 嘗於約坐語及宗廟犧樽，約云：「鄭玄答張逸，謂爲畫鳳皇尾娑娑然。 今無復此器，則不依古。」 杳曰：「此言未必可按。 古者樽彝，皆刻木爲鳥獸，鑿頂及背，以出內酒。 頃魏世魯郡地中得齊大夫子尾送女器，有犧樽作犧牛形； 晉永嘉賊曹嶷於青州發齊景公冢，又得此二樽，形亦爲牛象。 二處皆古之遺器，知非虛也。」 約大以爲然。 約又云：「何承天《纂文》奇博，其書載張仲師及長頸王事，此何出？」 杳曰：「仲師長尺二寸，唯出《論衡》。 長頸是毘騫王，朱建安《扶南以南記》云：古來至今不死。」 約即取二書尋檢，一如杳言。 約郊居宅時新構閣齋，杳爲贊二首，並以所撰文章呈約，約即命工書人題其贊于壁。 仍報杳書曰：「生平愛嗜，不在人中，林壑之歡，多與事奪。 日暮塗殫，此心往矣； 猶復少存閑遠，徵懷清曠。 結宇東郊，匪云止息，政復頗寄夙心，時得休偃。 仲長游居之地，休璉所述之美，望慕空深，何可髣髴。 君愛素情多，惠以二贊。 辭采妍富，事義畢舉，句韻之間，光影相照，便覺此地，自然十倍。 故知麗辭之益，其事弘多，輒當置之閣上，坐臥嗟覽。 別卷諸篇，並爲名制。 又山寺旣爲警策，諸賢從時復高奇，解頤愈疾，義兼乎此。 遲此敘會，更共申析。」 其爲約所賞如此。 又在任昉坐，有人餉昉𣒅酒而作榐字。 昉問杳：「此字是不？」 杳對曰：「葛洪《字苑》作木旁𠯌。」 昉又曰：「酒有千日醉，當是虛言。」 杳云：「桂陽程鄉有千里酒，飲之至家而醉，亦其例也。」 昉大驚曰：「吾自當遺忘，實不憶此。」 杳云：「出楊元鳳所撰《置郡事》。 元鳳是魏代人，此書仍載其賦，云三重五品，商溪摖里。」 時即檢楊記，言皆不差。 王僧孺被敕撰譜，訪杳血脈所因。 杳云：「桓譚《新論》云：『太史《三代世表》，旁行邪上，並效周譜。』 以此而推，當起周代。」 僧孺歎曰：「可謂得所未聞。」 周捨又問杳：「尚書官著紫荷橐，相傳云『挈囊』，竟何所出？」 杳答曰：「《張安世傳》曰『持橐簪筆，事孝武皇帝數十年』。 韋昭、張晏注並云『橐，囊也。 近臣簪筆，以待顧問』。」 范岫撰《字書音訓》，又訪杳焉。 其博識強記，皆此類也。
He mastered many books; Shen Yue and Ren Fang consulted him on forgettings. At Yue's they discussed the victim-vessel; Yue cited Zheng Xuan on a painted phoenix tail. Today it no longer exists, so we do not follow antiquity." Cha said: "That cannot be pressed. Ancient vessels were carved birds and beasts with bored tops for wine. Wei times in Lu yielded Qi vessels with an ox-shaped victim-vessel; Yongjia bandit Cao Yi opened Duke Jing's tomb and found two ox-shaped vessels. Both are ancient vessels—proof, not fiction." Yue agreed fully. Yue asked where He Chengtian's Zhang Zhongshi and long-neck king came from. Cha said Zhongshi's height is only in Discourses Weighed. The long neck is King Virudhaka in Zhu Jian's Record south of Funan—immortal from antiquity." Yue searched both books—exactly as Cha said. Cha gave two encomia for Yue's tower study; Yue had them inscribed. Yue wrote: "Life's loves are not among men; ravine joy is stolen by affairs. Sunset ends the road—my heart has gone; yet a little idle distance and clear feelings remain. I built in the eastern suburbs—not mere rest but lodging my old heart for repose. Zhongchang You's retreat and Xiu Lian's praise left me yearning with no likeness. Your generous gift of two encomia shows how much you cherish plain feeling. Lovely diction, full meaning, line answering line in light—this place seems tenfold brighter. Fine words help so much—I will keep them on the shelf and read them again and again. Your other pieces are all masterworks. Your mountain-temple essay already warns; your friends' pieces are lofty too—joy and healing together. Let us meet soon and discuss them further. Yue prized him in this way. At Ren Fang's seat someone sent jujube wine and wrote the character with a wood radical. Fang asked Cha whether the character was right. Cha said Ge Hong's Character Garden puts wood beside the cited text. Fang also said thousand-day drunkenness must be fiction. Cha said Guiyang's Chengxiang had thousand-li wine that left you drunk at home—another example. Fang was startled: "I must have forgotten; I truly do not recall this." Cha said it came from Yang Yuanfeng's Record of Establishing Commanderies. Yuanfeng was a Wei man; the book still has his fu on triple ranks and five grades at Shangxi and Zeli. They checked Yang's record at once; all matched. Wang Sengru, ordered to compile genealogies, asked Cha about blood-line origins. Cha cited Huan Tan: the Grand Historian's tables ran sideways like Zhou genealogies. From that he inferred they began in Zhou. Sengru sighed: "Truly unheard-of." Zhou She asked why attendants-in-ordinary wore purple lotus pouches—the "grasping the pouch" tradition. Cha cited Zhang Anshi's biography on holding pouch and brush for decades. Wei Zhao and Zhang Yan both glossed pouch as bag. Close ministers pinned brushes to await consultation. Fan Xiu, compiling pronunciation glosses, consulted Cha again. His erudition and memory were all like this.
41
尋佐周捨撰國史。 出爲臨津令，有善績。 秩滿，縣人三百餘人詣闕請留，敕許焉。 杳以疾陳解，還除雲麾晉安王府參軍。 詹事徐勉舉杳及顧協等五人入華林撰《遍略》，書成，以本官兼廷尉正，又以足疾解。 因著《林庭賦》。 王僧孺見之歎曰：「《郊居》以後，無復此作。」 普通元年，復除建康正，遷尚書駕部郎； 數月，徙署儀曹郎，僕射勉以臺閣文議專委杳焉。 出爲餘姚令，在縣清潔，人有饋遺，一無所受，湘東王發教褒稱之。 還除宣惠湘東王記室參軍，母憂去職。 服闋，復爲王府記室，兼東宮通事舍人。 大通元年，遷步兵校尉，兼舍人如故。 昭明太子謂杳曰：「酒非卿所好，而爲酒廚之職，政爲不愧古人耳。」 俄有敕，代裴子野知著作郎事。 昭明太子薨，新宮建，舊人例無停者，敕特留杳焉。 仍注太子《徂歸賦》，稱爲博悉。 僕射何敬容奏轉杳王府諮議，高祖曰：「劉杳須先經中書。」 仍除中書侍郎。 尋爲平西湘東王諮議參軍，兼舍人、知著作如故。 遷爲尚書左丞。 大同二年，卒官，時年五十。
Soon he assisted Zhou She on the national history. As Linjin magistrate he achieved good results. At term's end three hundred county men petitioned to keep him; the throne agreed. Illness made him resign; he returned as Prince Jin'an's staff officer. Xu Mian sent Cha and Gu Xie and others to Hualin for the Comprehensive Digest; afterward he was concurrent director of justice, then quit for foot ailment. He then wrote the "Forest Garden Fu." Wang Sengru sighed: "Nothing like this since the 'Suburban Dwelling.'" In Putong 1 he was Jiankang director, then imperial stud director; months later he acted as director of ceremonies; Mian entrusted all literary business to him. As Yuyao magistrate he was pure and took no gifts; Prince Xiangdong praised him. He returned as Prince Xiangdong's staff officer, then mourned his mother. After mourning he was staff officer again and eastern-palace attendant. In Datong 1 he became footsoldier commandant, still attendant. Zhaoming said: "You dislike wine yet hold the wine office—you shame no ancients." Soon an edict had him replace Pei Ziye as director of writings. When Zhaoming died and the new palace rose, old staff were dismissed—but Cha was kept by edict. He annotated the crown prince's "Fu on Returning" and was called thorough. He Jingrong wanted Cha as prince counselor; Gaozu said he must pass the secretariat first. He was appointed secretariat gentleman. Soon he was Xiangdong's pacifying-west counselor, still attendant and director of writings. He rose to left vice director of the masters of writing. In Datong 2 he died in office at fifty.
42
杳治身清儉，無所嗜好。 爲性不自伐，不論人短長，及睹釋氏經教，常行慈忍。 天監十七年，自居母憂，便長斷腥膻，持齋蔬食。 及臨終，遺命斂以法服，載以露車，還葬舊墓，隨得一地，容棺而已，不得設靈筵祭醊。 其子遵行之。
Cha lived purely and frugally without indulgence. He did not boast or judge others; Buddhist texts moved him to compassion. From mourning his mother in Tianjian 17 he ate no meat and kept vegetarian fast. Dying, he ordered monastic dress, an open cart, a simple grave, and no spirit table or feast. His son Zun obeyed.
43
杳自少至長，多所著述。 撰《要雅》五卷、《楚辭草木疏》一卷、《高士傳》二卷、《東宮新舊記》三十卷、《古今四部書目》五卷，並行於世。
From youth to age he wrote much. He compiled Essential Elegantiae (5 j.), Chu plants (1 j.), Lofty Men (2 j.), Eastern Palace records (30 j.), and a four-division catalogue (5 j.)—all extant.
44
謝徵字玄度，陳郡陽夏人。 高祖景仁，宋尚書左僕射。 祖稚，宋司徒主簿。 父璟，少與從叔朓俱知名。 齊竟陵王子良開西邸，招文學，璟亦預焉。 隆昌中，爲明帝驃騎諮議參軍，領記室。 遷中書郎，晉安內史。 高祖平京邑，爲霸府諮議、梁臺黃門郎。 天監初，累遷司農卿、秘書監、左民尚書、明威將軍、東陽太守。 高祖用爲侍中，固辭年老，求金紫，未序，會疾卒。
Xie Zheng, styled Xuandu, was from Yangxia in Chen. Dynasty founder Jingren was Song left vice director. Grandfather Zhi was Song secretariat director. Father Jing and cousin Tiao were both famous young. In Qi, Prince Jingling's western lodge drew writers; Jing joined them. In Longchang he was Mingdi's rapid-cavalry counselor and headed the secretariat. He rose to secretariat gentleman and Jin'an interior minister. When Gaozu took the capital he was hegemon counselor and Liang terrace huangmen gentleman. Early Tianjian he rose through granaries, secretariat, left household, illustrious might general, and Dongyang grand administrator. Gaozu wanted him as attendant-in-ordinary; he declined for age and sought gold-purple rank, then died before appointment.
45
徵幼聰慧，璟異之，常謂親從曰：「此兒非常器，所憂者壽； 若天假其年，吾無恨矣。」 旣長，美風采，好學善屬文。 初爲安西安成王法曹，遷尚書金部三公二曹郎、豫章王記室，兼中書舍人。 遷除平北諮議參軍，兼鴻臚卿，舍人如故。
Clever as a child, Jing told kin: "This boy is extraordinary; I only fear a short life; if Heaven grants years, I have no regret." Grown, he had fine bearing, loved learning, and wrote well. He began as Ancheng's law officer, then masters-of-writing gentleman and Yuzhang staff officer and secretariat attendant. He became pacifying-north counselor and director of dependencies, still attendant.
46
徵與河東裴子野、沛國劉顯同官友善，子野嘗爲《寒夜直宿賦》以贈徵，徵爲《感友賦》以酬之。 時魏中山王元略還北，高祖餞於武德殿，賦詩三十韻，限三刻成。 徵二刻便就，其辭甚美，高祖再覽焉。 又爲臨汝侯淵猷制《放生文》，亦見賞於世。
Zheng befriended Pei Ziye and Liu Xian; they exchanged fu on night duty and friendship. When Wei's Prince Yuan Lue left north, Gaozu feasted him at Wude and set a thirty-rhyme poem in three quarters of an hour. Zheng finished in two quarters; Gaozu read it twice. His "Essay on Releasing Life" for Marquis Yuan You was also prized.
47
臧嚴字彥威，東莞莒人也。 曾祖燾，宋左光祿。 祖凝，齊尚書右丞。 父稜，後軍參軍。
Zang Yan, styled Yanwei, was from Ju in Dongguan. Great-grandfather Tao was Song left grand master of splendid happiness. Grandfather Ning was Qi right vice director. Father Ling was rear army staff officer.
48
嚴幼有孝性，居父憂以毀聞。 孤貧勤學，行止書卷不離於手。 初爲安成王侍郎，轉常侍。 從叔未甄爲江夏郡，攜嚴之官，於塗作《屯遊賦》，任昉見而稱之。 又作《七算》，辭亦富麗。 性孤介，於人間未嘗造請。 僕射徐勉欲識之，嚴終不詣。
As a child he was filial; mourning his father he was known for destructive grief. Orphaned and poor, he studied hard and always carried a book. He began as Prince Ancheng's gentleman, then regular attendant. Uncle Wei Zhen took him to Jiangxia; on the road he wrote "Fu on Garrison Travel" and Ren Fang praised it. His "Seven Calculations" was also rich and lovely. Solitary by nature, he never paid social calls. Xu Mian wished to know him; Yan never came.
49
遷冠軍行參軍、侍湘東王讀，累遷王宣惠輕車府參軍，兼記室。 嚴於學多所諳記，尤精《漢書》，諷誦略皆上口。 王嘗自執四部書目以試之，嚴自甲至丁卷中，各對一事，並作者姓名，遂無遺失，其博洽如此。 王遷荊州，隨府轉西中郎安西錄事參軍。 歷監義陽、武寧郡，累任皆蠻左，前郡守常選武人，以兵鎮之； 嚴獨以數門生單車入境，羣蠻悅服，遂絕寇盜。 王入爲石頭戍軍事，除安右錄事。 王遷江州，爲鎮南諮議參軍，卒官。 文集十卷。
He rose to champion adjutant, tutored Xiangdong, then light-carriage staff officer and secretariat. He knew much, especially the Book of Han, nearly all by heart. The prince tested him with the four-division catalogue; from A to D he named every item and author without error. When the prince went to Jingzhou he became western headquarters recorder. He inspected Yiyang and Wuning on the frontier where former magistrates used soldiers; Yan entered alone with a few students; the tribes submitted and banditry ceased. When the prince entered as Stone City officer he was pacifying-right recorder. At Jiangzhou he was pacifying-south counselor and died in office. Collected writings: ten juan.
50
伏挺字士標。 父芃，爲豫章內史，在《良吏傳》。
Fu Ting, styled Shibiao. Father Peng was Yuzhang interior minister, in the Good Officials biography.
51
挺幼敏寤，七歲通《孝經》、《論語》。 及長，有才思，好屬文，爲五言詩，善效謝康樂體。 父友人樂安任昉深相歎異，常曰：「此子目下無雙。」 齊末，州舉秀才，對策爲當時第一。 高祖義師至，挺迎謁於新林，高祖見之甚悅，謂曰「顏子」，引爲征東行參軍，時年十八。 天監初，除中軍參軍事。 宅居在潮溝，於宅講《論語》，聽者傾朝。 遷建康正，俄以劾免。 久之，入爲尚書儀曹郎，遷西中郎記室參軍，累爲晉陵、武康令。 罷縣還，仍於東郊築室，不復仕。
As a child he was clever; at seven he knew the Filial Classic and Analects. Grown, he wrote poetry in Xie Kangyue's style. Ren Fang of Le'an often said: "This boy has no peer under heaven." At Qi's end the province recommended him as Outstanding Talent; his answers ranked first. When Gaozu's army came, Ting met him at Xinlin; Gaozu called him "Master Yan" and made him eastern-campaign adjutant at eighteen. Early Tianjian he was central army staff officer. At Chaogou he lectured on the Analects and the court came to listen. He became Jiankang director, then was impeached and dismissed. Later he was ceremonies gentleman, western secretariat officer, then Jinling and Wukang magistrate. Leaving office he built in the eastern suburbs and never served again.
52
挺少有盛名，又善處當世，朝中勢素，多與交遊，故不能久事隱靜。 時僕射徐勉以疾假還宅，挺致書以觀其意曰：
Famous young and skilled with power-holders, he could not stay secluded long. Xu Mian took sick leave home; Ting wrote to test his mind:
53
昔士德懷顧，戀興數日； 輔嗣思友，情勞一旬。 故知深心所係，貴賤一也。 況復恩隆世親，義重知己，道庇生人，德弘覆蓋。 而朝野懸隔，山川邈殊，雖咳唾時沾，而顏色不覯。 《東山》之歎，豈云旋復； 西風可懷，孰能無思。 加以靜居廓處，顧影莫酬，秋風四起，園林易色，涼野寂寞，寒蟲吟叫。 懷抱不可直置，情慮不能無託，時因吟詠，動輒盈篇。 揚生沉鬱，且猶覆盎； 惠子五車，彌多踳駮。 一日聊呈小文，不朞過賞，還逮隆渥，累牘兼翰，紙縟字磨，誦復無已，徒恨許與過當，有傷准的。 昔子建不欲妄贊陳琳，恐見嗤哂後代； 今之過奢餘論，將不有累清談？
Shi De once yearned for his patron several days; Fusi missed a friend and was weary ten days. so the heart's bond is the same for noble and base. How much more when kinship and friendship weigh heavy and your virtue shelters all. Yet court and countryside are far; though your words reach me I do not see your face. Can the sigh for the Eastern Mountain soon end? Who can cherish the west wind without longing? Quiet dwelling, no companion, autumn wind, gardens fade, insects cry in the cold wilds. Feelings cannot rest; he often chanted and filled scrolls. Even Yang Sheng in gloom overturned his jar; Huizi's five cartloads only bred contradictions. I sent a small piece unexpecting praise; you returned piled papers—I fear praise exceeds the mark. Zijian feared praising Chen Lin lest later ages mock; will today's excess not burden pure talk?
54
挺竄迹草萊，事絕聞見，藉以謳謠，得之輿牧。 仰承有事砭石，仍成簡通，娛腸悅耳，稍從擯落，宴處榮觀，務在滌除。 綺羅絲竹，二列頓遣； 方丈員案，三桮僅存。 故以道變區中，情沖域外； 操彼弦誦，賁茲觀損。 追留侯之卻粒，念韓卿之辭榮； 眷想東都，屬懷南岳； 鑽仰來貺，有符下風。 雖云幸甚，然則未喻。 雖復帝道康寧，走馬行卻，《由庚》得所，寅亮有歸。 悠悠之人，展氏猶且攘袂； 浩浩白水，甯叟方欲褰裳。 是知君子拯物，義非徇己。 思與赤松子遊，誰其克遂。 願驅之仁壽，綏此多福。 雖則不言，四時行矣。 然後黔首有庇，薦紳靡奪； 白駒不在空谷，屠羊豫蒙其賚。 豈不休哉？ 豈不休哉？ 昔杜真自閉深室，郎宗絕迹幽野。 難矣，誠非所希。 井丹高潔，相如慢世，尚復遊涉權門，雍容鄉邑，常謂此道爲泰，每竊慕之。 方念擁帚延思，以陳侍者，請至農隙，無待邀求。
I hide in the fields and learn only from songs and herdsmen. Your sharp words please me; I cast off glory and feast to cleanse myself. Brocade and music—two rows dismissed at once; a square table—only three cups remain. Thus the Way transforms the realm and feeling rushes beyond it. I chant strings and adorn this view of loss. I recall Liu declining grain and Han resigning glory; my thoughts cling to the eastern capital and the southern peak; your gift matches the lower wind. Though fortunate, I am not enlightened. Though the realm is peaceful and Yin and Liang have where to return, the distant man Zhan still rolls his sleeves; on vast waters old Ning lifts his robe. thus the gentleman saves things, not for himself alone. Who can wander with Master Red Pine? May you drive them to benevolence and soothe many blessings. Though silent, the four seasons move. Then the people have shelter and gentlemen are not deprived; the white colt is not in an empty valley; the butcher's sheep receive bounty. Is it not glorious? Is it not glorious? Du Zhen shut himself deep; Lang Zong left no tracks in the wild. Hard indeed—and not what I hope for. Jing Dan and Sima Xiangru still visited power's gates—I secretly admire that grand Way. I think of holding the broom for you—come at the farm gap without waiting.
55
挺誠好屬文，不會今世，不能促節局步，以應流俗。 事等昌菹，謬彼偏嗜，是用不羞固陋，無憚龍門。 昔敬通之賞景卿，孟公之知仲蔚，止乎通人，猶稱盛美，況在時宗，彌爲未易。 近以蒲槧勿用，箋素多闕，聊效東方，獻書丞相，須得善寫，更請潤訶，儻逢子侯，比復削牘。
Ting loves writing but cannot quicken his step for the floating age. Like spoiled pickle I wrongly share the taste—not ashamed of rusticity, not fearing the dragon gate. Jingtong prized Jingqing and Meng Gong knew Zhongwei—even among ordinary men that was beautiful; how much more among elites. Paper is lacking; I imitate the eastern man and present a book to the chief minister for copying and polish.
56
勉報曰：
Mian replied:
57
復覽來書，累牘兼翰； 事苞出處，言兼語默； 事義周悉，意致深遠； 發函伸紙，倍增憤歎。 卿雄州擢秀，弱冠升朝，穿綜百家，佃漁六學； 觀眸表其韶慧，視色見其英朗，若魯國之名駒，邁雲中之白鶴。 及占顯邑，試吏腴壤，將有武城弦歌，桐鄉謠詠，豈與卓魯斷斷同年而語邪？ 方當見賞良能，有加寵授，飾茲簪帶，置彼周行。 而欲遠慕卷舒，用懷愚智，旣知益之爲累，爰悟滿則辭多，高蹈風塵，良所欽挹。 況以金商戒節，素秋御序，蕭條林野，無人相樂，偃臥墳籍，游浪儒玄，物我兼忘，寵辱誰滯？ 誠乃歡羨，用有殊同。 今逖聽傍求，興懷寤宿，白駒空穀，幽人引領，貧賤爲恥，鳥獸難羣，故當捐此薜蘿，出從鵷鷺，無乖隱顯，不亦休哉！
Again I read your letter, piled sheets; matter wraps emergence and withdrawal, words join speech and silence; matter and meaning thorough, intent far; opening the letter doubles my sighs. You rose at weak cap, mastered a hundred schools and six learnings; your eyes show bright wisdom, your color heroic clarity—like Lu's colt or a cloud crane. In a famous district you would sing like Wucheng and Tongxiang—not Zhuo and Lu. You should be rewarded and set in court's row. Yet you admire curling and stretching, know gain burdens, and high-step in wind and dust—I admire that. In desolate autumn you lie on classics and forget thing and self—who stagnates favor and disgrace? Truly joy and admiration, with a difference in use. The recluse stretches his neck in the empty valley—cast off creeper and follow the court flock; hidden or manifest, glorious!
58
吾智乏佐時，才慚濟世，稟承朝則，不敢荒寧，力弱途遙，愧心非一。 天下有道，堯人何事？ 得因疲病，念從閒逸。 若使車書混合，尉候無警，作樂制禮，紀石封山，然後乃返服衡門，實爲多幸。 但夙有風咳，遘茲虛眩，瘠類士安，羸同長孺，簿領沉廢，臺閣未理，娛耳爛腸，因事而息，非關欲追松子，遠慕留侯。 若乃天假之年，自當靖恭所職。 擬非倫匹，良覺辭費； 覽復迴圈，爽焉如失。 清塵獨遠，白雲飄蕩，依然何極。
My wisdom lacks aiding the age; I receive the pattern and dare not be idle—regret is not one. When the realm has the Way, what business have Yao's people? Weariness and illness make me think of leisure. If the realm were united and rites made, then returning to the balanced gate would be great fortune. Wind cough and dizziness leave documents abandoned—not because I pursue Master Pine or the Marquis of Liu. If Heaven grants years I should perform my duties. The comparison is not of the same kind—words excessive; reading again I turn as if lost. Clear dust far, white clouds drifting—how endless.
59
猥降書札，示之文翰，覽復成誦，流連縟紙。 昔仲宣才敏，藉中郎而表譽； 正平穎悟，賴北海以騰聲。 望古料今，吾有慚德。 儻成卷帙，力爲稱首。 無令獨耀隨掌，空使辭人扼腕。 式閭願見，宜事掃門。 亦有來思，赴其懸榻。 輕苔魚網，別當以薦。 城闕之歎，曷日無懷； 所遲萱蘇，書不盡意。
You lower a letter and show drafts; I read again and linger on the paper. Zhongxuan relied on the central commander for praise; Zhengping depended on Beihai to soar in fame. Looking at antiquity and today, I have shame in virtue. If it becomes a scroll, be chief. Do not let lone brilliance follow the palm and make writers wring wrists. Shilü wishes to see you—you should sweep the gate. There is also coming thought—go to his suspended couch. Light moss and fish nets—I shall present another time. The sigh for city towers—when is there no longing? What I delay is healing herbs; the letter does not exhaust intent.
60
挺後遂出仕，尋除南臺治書，因事納賄，當被推劾。 挺懼罪，遂變服爲道人，久之藏匿，後遇赦，乃出天心寺。 會邵陵王爲江州，攜挺之鎮，王好文義，深被恩禮，挺因此還俗。 復隨王遷鎮郢州，徵入爲京尹，挺留夏首，久之還京師。 太清中，客游吳興、吳郡，侯景亂中卒。 著《邇說》十卷，文集二十卷。
Later he took office as southern-terrace director of documents and took bribes. Fearing punishment he became a Daoist priest, hid, then came out after amnesty. Prince Shaoling took him to Jiangzhou, favored him, and he returned to lay life. He followed the prince to Yingzhou; summoned as capital intendant he stayed at Xiashou, then returned. In Taiping he traveled Wuxing and Wu and died in Hou Jing's rebellion. Near Discourses (10 j.) and collected writings (20 j.).
61
子知命，先隨挺事邵陵王，掌書記。 亂中，王於郢州奔敗，知命仍下投侯景。 常以其父宦途不至，深怨朝廷，遂盡心事景。 景襲郢州，圍巴陵，軍中書檄，皆其文也。 及景篡位，爲中書舍人，專任權寵，勢傾內外。 景敗被執，送江陵，於獄中幽死。 挺弟捶，亦有才名，先爲邵陵王所引，歷爲記室、中記室、參軍。
Son Zhiming served Prince Shaoling and managed documents. In rebellion when the prince was defeated at Yingzhou, Zhiming joined Hou Jing. He resented the court for his father's low rank and wholly served Jing. When Jing besieged Baling, army proclamations were his writing. When Jing usurped he was secretariat attendant with power inside and out. When Jing fell he was sent to Jiangling and died in prison. Younger brother Chui also had fame and was Shaoling's secretariat and staff officer.
62
庾仲容字仲容，潁川觌焉陵人也。 晉司空冰六代孫。 祖徽之，宋御史中丞。 父漪，齊邵陵王記室。
Yu Zhongrong, styled Zhongrong, was from Guyanling in Yingchuan. Sixth-generation descendant of Jin director of works Bing. His grandfather Huizhi served Song as censor-in-chief. His father Yi was Qi recorder for the Prince of Shaoling.
63
仲容幼孤，爲叔父泳所養。 旣長，杜絕人事，專精篤學，晝夜手不輟卷。 初爲安西法曹行參軍。 泳時已貴顯，吏部尚書徐勉擬泳子晏嬰爲宮僚，泳垂泣曰：「兄子幼孤，人才粗可，願以晏嬰所忝回用之。」 勉許焉，因轉仲容爲太子舍人。 遷安成王主簿。 時平原劉孝標亦爲府佐，並以強學爲王所禮接。 遷晉安功曹史。 歷爲永康、錢唐、武康令，治縣並無異績，多被劾。 久之，除安成王中記室，當出隨府，皇太子以舊恩，特降餞宴，賜詩曰：「孫生陟陽道，吳子朝歌縣。 未若樊林舉，置酒臨華殿。」 時輩榮之。 遷安西武陵王諮議參軍。 除尚書左丞，坐推糾不直免。
Orphaned young, Zhongrong was raised by his uncle Yong. Grown, he shut out the world, studied devotedly, and never put his books down day or night. He began as acting army adjutant in the Anxi command. Yong was already eminent; Xu Mian as minister of personnel proposed Yong's son Yan Ying for palace staff; Yong wept: "My brother's orphaned son has passable talent—please give Yan Ying's post to him instead." Mian agreed and made Zhongrong crown prince attendant. He became secretary to the Prince of Ancheng. Liu Xiaobiao of Pingyuan was also on the staff; both were honored for forceful learning. He became Jin'an merit-clerk. He served as magistrate of Yongkang, Qiantang, and Wukang with no notable achievement and was often impeached. After long service he became the Prince of Ancheng's senior recorder; leaving with the prince, the crown prince held a farewell feast and gave a poem: "Master Sun climbed the Yang Road; Master Wu went to Chaoge county. Not like raising wine in Fan Forest before Hua Palace." Contemporaries counted it an honor. He became consulting adjutant to the Anxi Prince of Wuling. Made left vice director of the secretariat, he was dismissed for improper impeachment.
64
仲容博學，少有盛名，頗任氣使酒，好危言高論，士友以此少之。 唯與王籍、謝幾卿情好相得，二人時亦不調，遂相追隨，誕縱酣飲，不復持檢操。 久之，復爲諮議參軍，出爲黟縣令。 及太清亂，客遊會稽，遇疾卒，時年七十四。
Zhongrong was learned and famed early but willful and fond of wine, loved bold talk, and friends thought less of him. Only Wang Ji and Xie Jiqing were close; all three were unrestrained, drank wildly together, and abandoned propriety. Later he was again consulting adjutant and went out as magistrate of Yi. In the Taiping turmoil he was traveling in Kuaiji, fell ill, and died at seventy-four.
65
仲容抄諸子書三十卷，衆家地理書二十卷，《列女傳》三卷，文集二十卷，並行於世。
He abridged masters in thirty juan, geography in twenty, Exemplary Women in three, and a collection in twenty—all circulated.
66
陸雲公字子龍，吳郡人也。 祖閑，州別駕。 父完，寧遠長史。
Lu Yungong, styled Zilong, came from Wu commandery. His grandfather Xian was a provincial aide. His father Wan was Ningyuan chief clerk.
67
雲公五歲誦《論語》、《毛詩》，九歲讀《漢書》，略能記憶。 從祖倕、沛國劉顯質問十事，雲公對無所失，顯歎異之。 旣長，好學有才思。 州舉秀才。 累遷宣惠武陵王、平西湘東王行參軍。 雲公先制《太伯廟碑》，吳興太守張纘罷郡經途，讀其文歎曰：「今之蔡伯喈也。」 纘至都掌選，言之於高祖，召兼尚書儀曹郎，頃之即真，入直壽光省，以本官知著作郎事。 俄除著作郎，累遷中書黃門郎，並掌著作。 雲公善弈棊，嘗夜侍御坐，武冠觸燭火，高祖笑謂曰：「燭燒卿貂。」 高祖將用雲公爲侍中，故以此言戲之也。 是時天淵池新制鯿魚舟，形闊而短，高祖暇日，常汎此舟，在朝唯引太常劉之遴、國子祭酒到溉、右衛朱异，雲公時年位尚輕，亦預焉。 其恩遇如此。 太清元年，卒，時年三十七。 高祖悼惜之，手詔曰：「給事黃門侍郎、掌著作陸雲公，風尚優敏，後進之秀。 奄然殂謝，良以惻然。 可剋日舉哀，賻錢五萬、布四十匹。」
At five he recited the Analects and Mao Odes; at nine he read the Book of Han and remembered most of it. His cousin Tong and Liu Xian of Peiguo tested him on ten points; he missed none and Xian marveled. Grown, he loved learning and had talent. The province nominated him presented scholar. He rose as acting staff officer to the Xuanhui Prince of Wuling and the Pingxi Prince of Xiangdong. Yungong had written the Grand Duke Temple stele; Zhang Zuan, leaving Wuxing, read it and sighed: "Today's Cai Yong." Zuan reached the capital, spoke to Gaozu, and Yungong was summoned as acting ritual director, soon confirmed, entered Shouguang duty, and oversaw the historiographer. Soon made historiographer, he rose to secretariat gentleman and kept historiography. Yungong was skilled at weiqi; once at night on imperial duty his cap touched a candle and Gaozu laughed: "The lamp burns your marten." Gaozu was about to make him palace attendant—that is why he joked. Then the new bream-boat on Tianyuan Pool was broad and short; on leisure days Gaozu floated it with only Liu Zhiliao, Dao Gai, and Zhu Yi—and Yungong, still young, also came. Such was his favor. In Taqing year one he died at thirty-seven. Gaozu mourned him and wrote: "Palace attendant and historiography chief Lu Yungong—refined and keen, a rising talent. Suddenly gone—deeply grievous. Hold mourning on an appointed day; grant fifty thousand cash and forty bolts of cloth."
68
張纘時爲湘州，與雲公叔襄、兄晏子書曰：「都信至，承賢兄子賢弟黃門殞折，非唯貴門喪寶，實有識同悲，痛惋傷惜，不能已已。 賢兄子賢弟神情早著，標令弱年，經目所睹，殆無再問。 懷橘抱柰，稟自天情； 倨坐列薪，非因外獎。 學以聚之，則一箸能立； 問以辯之，則師心獨寤。 始逾弱歲，辭藝通洽，升降多士，秀也詩流。 見與齒過肩隨，禮殊拜絕，懷抱相得，忘其年義。 朝遊夕宴，一載于斯； 翫古披文，終晨訖暮。 平生知舊，零落稍盡，老夫記意，其數幾何。 至若此生，寧可多過，賞心樂事，所寄伊人。 弟遷職瀟、湘，維舟洛汭，將離之際，彌見情款。 夕次帝郊，亟淹信宿，徘徊握手，忍分歧路。 行役數年，羈病侵迫，識慮惛怳，久絕人世。 憑几口授，素無其功； 翰動若飛，彌有多愧。 京洛游故，咸成雲雨，唯有此生，音塵數嗣。 形迹之外，不爲遠近隔情； 襟素之中，豈以風霜改節？ 客游半紀，志切首丘，日望東歸，更敦昔款。 如何此別，永成異世！ 揮袂之初，人誰自保，但恐衰謝，無復前朞。 不謂華齡，方春掩質，埋玉之恨，撫事多情。 想引進之情，懷抱素篤，友于之至，兼深家寶。 奄有此恤，當何可言！ 臨白增悲，言以無次。」
Zhang Zuan in Xiangzhou wrote Yungong's uncle Xiang and brother Yanzi: "The capital messenger came; your worthy nephew and brother the Yellow Gate Gentleman has died—not only your house loses a treasure; the knowing grieve with you; pain will not cease. Your nephew and brother showed spirit early; in youth what he saw needed scarcely be asked again. Holding oranges and embracing trees came from inborn feeling; sitting upright amid firewood was not from outward praise. Gather learning and one chopstick can stand; question to clarify and the heart alone awakens. Just past tender years his letters and arts were thorough; among scholars he was poetry's outstanding stream. We met passing shoulder to shoulder; courtesy set aside formal bows; our hearts matched and we forgot the years between us. Morning outings and evening feasts lasted a full year; delighting in antiquity and unfolding texts from dawn to dusk. Friends of a lifetime have mostly fallen away; what the old man remembers—how many? As for this life, could there be many more? Heart's joy was entrusted to one man alone. When you moved to Xiao and Xiang you moored at Luoyang's bend; at parting affection deepened. One evening we stopped at the imperial suburb and lingered two nights; hand in hand we lingered, unwilling to part. Years on service, illness in exile—thought dulled and long cut off from the world. Dictated at the mouth, I had no skill; the brush moved like flight—all the more ashamed. Old friends of the capital have scattered like clouds and rain; only this life kept letters many times. Beyond form and trace, distance did not divide feeling; within the plain breast, how could wind and frost change constancy? Half a decade traveling, heart set on returning home, day by day looking east, again deepening old affection. How can this parting be forever a different world! At the first wave of the sleeve, who can be sure? I only fear decline and no former day again. I did not expect flowering years in spring to hide the substance—grief at burying jade touches every affair. I think of those who brought him forward—affection always deep; brotherly feeling utmost, and also a deep family treasure. Suddenly this bereavement—what can be said! Writing at parting adds grief; the words are out of order."
69
雲公從兄才子，亦有才名，歷官中書郎、宣成王友、太子中庶子、廷尉卿，先雲公卒。 才子、雲公文集，並行於世。
Cousin Caizi also had literary fame, reached director of the palace secretariat, friend of Prince Xuancheng, crown prince vice-governor, and minister of justice, and died before Yungong. Caizi's and Yungong's collections both circulated.
70
任孝恭字孝恭，臨淮臨淮人也。 曾祖農夫，宋南豫州刺史。
Ren Xiaogong, styled Xiaogong, came from Linhuai in Linhuai. His great-grandfather Nongfu was Song governor of Southern Yuzhou.
71
孝恭幼孤，事母以孝聞。 精力勤學，家貧無書，常崎嶇從人假借。 每讀一遍，諷誦略無所遺。 外祖丘它，與高祖有舊，高祖聞其有才學，召入西省撰史。 初爲奉朝請，進直壽光省，爲司文侍郎，俄兼中書通事舍人。 敕遣制《建陵寺刹下銘》，又啓撰高祖集序文，並富麗，自是專掌公家筆翰。 孝恭爲文敏速，受詔立成，若不留意，每奏，高祖輒稱善，累賜金帛。 孝恭少從蕭寺雲法師讀經論，明佛理，至是，蔬食持戒，信受甚篤。 而性頗自伐，以才能尚人，於時輩中多有忽略，世以此少之。
Orphaned young, Xiaogong was known for filial service to his mother. He studied hard; the family was poor and bookless, so he often traveled hard paths to borrow. Each book read once he could chant back with almost nothing lost. Maternal grandfather Qiu Ta had old ties with Gaozu; hearing of his talent, Gaozu summoned him to the Western Secretariat to compile history. He began as court gentleman, advanced to Shouguang as vice director of literary affairs, and soon also secretariat communications attendant. Ordered to write the Jianling stupa inscription and Gaozu's collected-works preface—both sumptuous—he alone managed official brushwork thereafter. Xiaogong wrote swiftly; given an edict he finished on the spot; every memorial Gaozu praised and gave gold and silk. In youth he studied sutras under Master Yun of Xiao Temple; by then he ate vegetables, kept precepts, and believed deeply. Yet he boasted himself, looked down on others, and often neglected contemporaries—the age thought less of him.
72
太清二年，侯景寇逼，孝恭啓募兵，隸蕭正德，屯南岸。 及賊至，正德舉衆入賊，孝恭還赴臺，臺門已閉，因奔入東府，尋爲賊所攻，城陷見害。 文集行於世。
In Taqing year two Hou Jing pressed the capital; Xiaogong raised troops under Xiao Zhengde on the south bank. When rebels came Zhengde joined them; Xiaogong returned to the terrace but the gate was closed, fled to the Eastern Palace, and was killed when the city fell. His collected works circulated.
73
協幼孤，養於舅氏。 少以器局見稱。 博涉羣書，工於草隸。 釋褐湘東王國常侍，又兼府記室。 世祖出鎮荊州，轉正記室。 時吳郡顧協亦在蕃邸，與協同名，才學相亞，府中稱爲「二協」。 舅陳郡謝暕卒，協以有鞠養恩，居喪如伯叔之禮，議者重焉。 又感家門事義，不求顯達，恒辭徵辟，游於蕃府而已。 大同五年，卒，時年四十二。 世祖甚嘆惜之，爲《懷舊詩》以傷之。 其一章曰：「弘都多雅度，信乃含賓實。 鴻漸殊未昇，上才淹下秩。」
Orphaned young, Xie was raised by his mother's clan. In youth he was praised for bearing and measure. He read widely and was skilled in cursive and clerical script. On first appointment he was gentleman of the Prince of Xiangdong's state and also staff recorder. When Shizu governed Jingzhou he became chief recorder. Gu Xie of Wu was also at the princely residence; same name and near in talent—they were called "the two Xies." Uncle by marriage Xie Yan of Chen died; Xie, having rearing grace, mourned like a nephew to an uncle, and critics respected it. Moved by the family's moral misfortune, he sought no prominence, always declining summons, remaining only at the princely house. In Datong year five he died at forty-two. Shizu deeply mourned him and wrote "Poem of Remembering the Past" to grieve. One stanza says: "Hongdu has much elegant breadth; trust indeed holds guest substance. The wild goose has not yet risen high; fine talent is submerged in low rank."
74
協所撰《晉仙傳》五篇、《日月災異圖》兩卷，遇火湮滅。
His Five Treatises on Jin Immortals and two juan of solar-lunar portents were lost in fire.
75
有二子：之儀、之推，並早知名。 之推，承聖中仕至正員郎、中書舍人。
He had two sons, Zhiyi and Zhitui, both early known. Zhitui during Chengsheng rose to regular gentleman and secretariat attendant.
76
陳吏部尚書姚察曰：魏文帝稱古之文人，鮮能以名節自全。 何哉？ 夫文者妙發性靈，獨拔懷抱，易邈等夷，必興矜露。 大則淩慢侯王，小則慠蔑朋黨； 速忌離訧，啓自此作。 若夫屈、賈之流斥，桓、馮之擯放，豈獨一世哉？ 蓋恃才之禍也。 羣士值文明之運，摛豔藻之辭，無郁抑之虞，不遭向時之患，美矣。 劉氏之論，命之徒也。 命也者，聖人罕言歟，就而必之，非經意也。 [1]
Yao Cha of Chen, minister of personnel, said: Emperor Wen of Wei said ancient men of letters rarely kept reputation and integrity intact. Why? Writing stirs nature to spirit and lifts the breast alone; overlooking equals, it always breeds display. Greatly they insult lords and kings; in small things they scorn their circle; quick resentment and factional strife begin here. Qu Yuan and Jia Yi were driven off; Huan Tan and Feng Yan were cast out—was it only one age? It is the disaster of relying on talent. These gentlemen met a civilizing age and spread ornate phrasing; they had no depression and did not suffer former ills—beautiful indeed. Liu's discourse is a disciple of fate. Fate is what sages rarely discuss; to insist on it from their words is not what the classics mean. [1] Editorial footnote marker in the source text.
77
全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text has been collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Liang, May 1973.