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卷四 本紀第四: 太宗下

Volume 4 Annals 4: Taizong 2

Chapter 4 of 遼史 · History of Liao
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1
Taizong, Part Two
2
西 使
In the third month, on renxu day, as he prepared to tour eastward, Sanko argued that the spring planting was only just underway, asked that supply wagons be cut back, and pressed for an early return to court; the Emperor agreed. On bingyin day the Jurchen brought tribute. On guiyou day he set out on an eastern tour. That summer, on the wuyin new moon of the fourth month, he went to the Southern Capital. On jiashen day the Jurchen brought tribute. On yiyou day he visited the hot springs. On jichou day he returned to the palace and paid court to the Grand Empress Dowager. On dingyou day the Jurchen presented bows and arrows in tribute. On jihai day Yelü Lubugu, grand xiangwen on the southwest frontier, reported a victory over the Tangut. In the fifth month, on jiayin day, Jin again sent envoys asking that honorific titles be conferred; the court assented.
3
使 使使 使使 使 使 使
On the bingzi new moon of the sixth month, Tuyuhun and the eastern Jurchen brought tribute. On xinmao day Southern Tang sent tribute. On guisi day an edict ordered construction of the Hall of Sun, Moon, and Four Seasons, with the deeds of ancient emperors and kings painted along both side corridors. That autumn, in the seventh month on guihai day, envoys were sent to present horses to Jin. On dingmao day Gulidi was sent as envoy to Jin and Meiligu to Southern Tang. On wuchen day Yelü Shulan Dielige, vice chancellor of the Central Secretariat, was dispatched to Jin with Linhai Army Military Governor Zhao Siwen as deputy to invest the Jin Emperor as the Heroic Martial and Brightly Righteous Emperor. In the eighth month, on wuzi day, the Jurchen brought tribute. On gengzi day Tuyuhun, Wusun, and Mohe all sent tribute. In the ninth month, on gengxu day, the Heichezi Shiwei presented famed horses. Frontier officials reported that Jin had sent Acting Minister of Works Feng Dao and Left Regular Attendant Wei Xun to invest the Grand Empress Dowager, and Left Vice Director Liu Xu and Right Remonstrance Grandee Lu Chong to invest the Emperor; Military Commissioner Yinniyi was then appointed to receive them. On renzi day an edict declared that whenever ministers and elders received high rank, they were to be granted brocade robes, gold belts, white horses, and gold-trimmed saddles and bridles — and this was entered into law. That winter, on the jiaxu new moon of the tenth month, Langjun Diligu and others were sent to visit and comfort the Jin envoys. On renyin day Jin sent envoys to thank him for the investiture ceremonies. That same day another envoy arrived with single-hump camels and famed horses.
4
使 殿使 殿 殿 涿 簿使使 使使
On the jiachen new moon of the eleventh month, the Northern and Southern Chancellors and the yilijins were ordered to host a banquet at the guesthouse for Feng Dao and the other Jin envoys. On bingwu day the Emperor received audience in Kaihuang Hall and summoned the Jin envoys before him. On renzi day the Grand Empress Dowager sat in Kaihuang Hall while Feng Dao and Wei Xun invested her as Grand Empress Dowager of Broad Virtue, Utmost Benevolence, Bright Splendor, Lofty Simplicity, and Response to Heaven. On jiazi day he performed the regeneration investiture rite. On bingyin day the Emperor sat in the Hall of Promulgating Governance while Liu Xu and Lu Chong invested him as Emperor of Sagacious Letters, Divine Martial Prowess, Aligning with Heaven's Law, Opening Fortune, Bright Virtue and Manifest Faith, Utmost Way, Broad Reverence, Bright Filial Piety, and Successor Sage. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed to Huitong. That month Jin again sent Zhao Ying with a letter of congratulation, offering sixteen prefectures — You, Ji, Ying, Mo, Zhuo, Tan, Shun, Gui, Ru, Xin, Wu, Yun, Ying, Shuo, Huan, and Wei — together with their maps and registers. Thereupon an edict raised the imperial capital to Supreme Capital and named its prefecture Linhuang. Youzhou was promoted to Southern Capital, and the former Southern Capital became Eastern Capital. Xin Prefecture was renamed Fengsheng, and Wu Prefecture was renamed Guihua. The Northern and Southern Courts and the Yishi yilijin were ennobled as princes; chief clerks were made magistrates, magistrates prefects, prefects military governors; tribal chiefs became Ministers of Work, darqan deputy commissioners, madu county magistrates, and county darqan cavalry and infantry commanders. Offices were set up for Xuanhui, Gatekeepers, Crane Control, Guest Reception, Censor-in-Chief, Vice Censor, Attending Censor, Adjudicator, Literary Shift Attendants, palace bureaus' hereditary candles, horse herds and Imperial Carriage hereditary candles; Langjun posts in the Northern and Southern Courts and the imperial uncle's household became chamberlains; chancellor and military governor households in every department became Ministers of Work; Ershiwei Talin was made Pushe; and chiefs of the Eagle Yard, Foundry Supervision, and like bureaus became xiangwen.
5
使
In the twelfth month, on wuxu day, Tongkuo, Abo, and others were sent as envoys to Jin; by decree Feng Dao of Jin was appointed Acting Grand Tutor, Liu Xu Acting Grand Preceptor, and the remaining offices were adjusted each according to rank.
6
使 殿使 使沿
In the second year, on yisi day in the first month of spring, envoys were sent to notify Southern Tang and Goryeo of his acceptance of Jin's investiture. On dingwei day he held court in Kaihuang Hall, feasted Feng Dao and the other Jin envoys, and bestowed gifts of varying grade. On wushen day Jin sent Gold Crow Guard General Ma Congbin and Director of Personnel Liu Zhixin with precious tribute; the Emperor ordered the gifts divided among his ministers. On bingchen day Jin sent envoys to thank him for remitting coin tribute from the four frontier prefectures.
7
使
In the second month, on wuyin day, he feasted the princes and military governors who had come to congratulate him on the investiture, and ordered the Crown Prince and tixin Dilian to give them a farewell banquet. On guisi day he visited the Taizu temple, distributed goods to officials and commoners in the capital, and granted rewards of varying grade to ministers within and without the court. On dingyou day Wang Ji, who also served as Palace Attendant and General-in-Chief of the Left Gold Crow Guard, was appointed Acting Grand Commandant.
8
使 使 使 使 調
In the third month he hunted along the shore of Niaotan Marsh. On wushen day the Jurchen brought tribute. On dingsi day Prince Shulü was enfeoffed as Prince of Shou'an and Yansage as Prince of Taiping. On jisi day the common people received a great distribution of gifts. That summer, in the fourth month on yihai day, he visited Mount Muye. On guisi day the Eastern Capital Circuit reported that wolves had killed people. In the fifth month, on yisi day, the sale of ewes beyond the Southern Capital was forbidden. Sinuguduo Li and others, convicted of stealing government property, had their households registered and their goods seized. Southern Tang sent envoys with tribute. On dingwei day the tribute goods were distributed among the ministers. On wushen day envoys of the Uyghur Chanyu asked for offices; by edict they were promoted in turn to prefect and county magistrate. In the sixth month, on dingchou day, rain and snow fell. That summer the court encamped at Pinbi Marsh. That autumn, in the seventh month on wushen day, Jin sent envoys with rhinoceros-horn belts. On gengxu day Tuyuhun brought tribute. On yimao day Chamberlain Abo, convicted of failing in his embassy, was ordered flogged. In the intercalary month, on guiwei day, the Prince of Yishi, convicted of uneven tax levies, was beaten on the back with a wooden sword and released; At the same time the court abolished the tribute levied on the people of the Northern and Southern Courts and the taxes and corvée imposed on chancellors and military governors beyond what the old system allowed. On yiyou day Dilie was sent to present fine Wugu horses to Jin. On jichou day two prefects of the Southern Prince's household, found corrupt, were each flogged one hundred strokes, bound to the guard account, and assigned to shoot demon-arrows; ministers favored by the people were chosen to take their places.
9
使
In the eighth month, on yichou day, Jin sent envoys with the annual tribute, reporting payment of gold and silk for the xu and hai years at Yanjing.
10
使使
In the ninth month, on jiaxu day, Zubu Alidi brought tribute. On jimao day envoys were sent to Jin.
11
That winter, in the tenth month on dingwei day, because the Wugu pastures were rich and the waters abundant, an edict ordered the Northern and Southern Courts to resettle three shilie households there.
12
使 使使
In the eleventh month, on dinghai day, the Iron Li and Dunhuang both sent tribute envoys. In the twelfth month, on gengzi day, he fished on the Tu River. On jiazi day some attendants among the Uyghur envoys drew blades on one another; an edict left their punishment to their own envoy.
13
使 使使 使 使 使鹿 使 使 使使 鹿 使 殿 使 使 便殿使 使 殿 使 使使使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使使 使 使 使使 西殿
In the third year, on wuzi day in the first month of spring, the King of Wuyue sent tribute envoys. On gengyin day the Renhuang King's consort came to court. Uyghur envoys asked to witness the audience ceremony for foreign envoys; the request was granted. On renchen day Attendant-of-Audience Abo was sent to Jin for the birthday ceremony. Jin presented the Tuyuhun of Bing, Zhen, Xin, and Dai who had submitted to them. In the second month, on jihai day, Xi King Raoguning led six military governors to court with tribute. On gengzi day Wugu sent envoys with captives taken in Fulugu; their yilijin was granted banners and drums in recognition of the feat. On renyin day the Jurchen brought tribute. On xinhai day Molihumoli, envoy to the Uyghur Aslan, returned; he was rewarded with facing robes. On yimao day the Yalu River Jurchen sent envoys to attend court. In the third month, on wuchen day, envoys were sent to Jin to announce his tour to the Southern Capital. On jisi day he went to the Southern Capital. On xinwei day tixin Yelü Nieligude was ordered to lead ten thousand horsemen as vanguard. On renshen day he halted at Shiling; Xi King Raoguning and Military Commissioner Yinniyi, having failed to come promptly to audience, were sharply rebuked. On bingzi day Lubugu reported the number of Tangut captives taken. On guiwei day he hunted at Shuimen and took a white deer. On gengyin day an edict declared that retainers who harassed the people would be punished under military law. On jiawu day he visited Ji Prefecture. On yiwei day Jin and Southern Tang each sent envoys to attend court. That summer, in the fourth month on gengzi day, he reached Yan, marshaled the full imperial procession, entered through Gongchen Gate, took his seat in Yuanhe Hall, and performed the entering-the-palace-gate rite. On renyin day envoys were sent to Jin. On yisi day he visited the country villa of Garrison Commander Zhao Yanshou. On bingwu day Jin sent Xuanhui Commissioners Yang Duan, Wang Tiao, and others to inquire after his health. On renzi day he held court in the informal hall and feasted the Jin envoys and envoys from the tributary states. On bingchen day Jin sent envoys with tea and medicines. On renxu day he sat in Zhaoging Hall and feasted the ministers of the Southern Capital. On guihai day Jin sent envoys to congratulate him on the Dragon Boat Festival, and the festival gifts they brought were distributed among the ministers. On yichou day Southern Tang presented a white tortoise. In the fifth month, on gengwu day, he feasted his ministers and the envoys of every tributary state for the Dragon Boat Festival and had the Uyghur and Dunhuang ambassadors dance in their own styles so the rest might see them. On gengchen day Jin sent envoys with bows and arrows as tribute. On jiashen day he sent Prince Tiande and Acting Director of the Department of State Affairs Di Yonghe as envoys to Jin. On wuzi day he reviewed the cavalry in the southern suburb. At the yiwei new moon of the sixth month, Eastern Capital Chancellor Yelü Yuzhi reported that Bohai Chancellor Da Suxian had broken the law; an edict called on his staff and the people to nominate a worthy successor. On bingshen day he reviewed the infantry in the southern suburb. On gengzi day envoys from Jin and Kala Guzhi came to court. On renyin day the court left Yanjing; Zhongshu Ling Xiao Sengyin was ordered to assemble the armies of every circuit at Changzuo Camp. On guichou day the imperial train halted at Fengsheng Prefecture. On jiayin day he rewarded the troops. That autumn, in the seventh month, on jisi day, he hunted at Huadilie Mountain. On guiyou day he attended the Empress Dowager at court. On bingzi day he went with the Empress Dowager to visit the Human Sovereign King's consort, who lay ill. On wuyin day the Human Sovereign King's consort, née Xiao, died. On jimao day, with An Chongrong holding Zhen Prefecture in revolt against Jin, an edict ordered Southern Campaign General Liu Yan to strengthen the frontier. On bingxu day the Human Sovereign King's traveling palace was moved to the place where his consort had died. On xinmao day Jin sent envoys asking leave to sacrifice at the Southern Suburb; leave was granted. In the eighth month, on jihai day, an edict ordered the officials and people of Eastern Dan to mourn their king Bei's consort, née Xiao. On gengzi day Tlübu brought tribute. On renyin day envoys were sent to Southern Tang. On yisi day Tlübu, the Black Cart Shiwei, Zhenlie, and other states brought tribute. Southern Tang sent envoys asking for blue felt tents, and they were granted. On wushen day Anduan's private city was established as Baichuan Prefecture. On xinhai day Bigude's envoys asked for titles to be conferred, and they were granted the rank of chancellor of their state. On jiayin day Tlübu brought tribute again. On yimao day the official staff of Baichuan Prefecture was appointed. On bingchen day an edict granted land near the Yuhelili and Luchqu rivers as farmland to the Southern Court's Ojintulü and Yisibo, the Northern Court's Wennahala, and the Three Shilie clans. In the ninth month, on gengwu day, Palace Attendant Cui Qionggu said, "The Jin ruler has heard that Your Majesty hunts often and wishes to ask you to show restraint." The emperor replied, "My hunting is not mere diversion; it is training for war." An edict was then issued to explain this to Jin. On renwu day frontier commanders reported a victory over the Tuyuhun and the capture of their chieftain; an edict ordered that only the ringleaders and fighting men be executed; all the rest were released. On bingxu day Jin sent envoys with fine horses as tribute. On wuzi day the Jurchen and the King of Wuyue sent envoys bearing tribute. That winter, in the tenth month, on xinchou day, Kelang was sent to Wuyue and Lüegu to Southern Tang. On gengshen day Jin sent envoys with cloth and asked leave to sacrifice in person at Mount Heng; leave was granted. In the eleventh month, on jisi day, Southern Tang sent envoys with sealed wax-ball dispatches reporting Jin's secret affairs. On dingchou day an edict ordered the relevant offices to teach the people sowing and weaving. The law allowing a younger sister to succeed an elder sister in marriage after the elder's death was abolished. At the renchen new moon of the twelfth month he led the hundred officials to pay homage at the Taizu traveling palace. On jiawu day, when the burnt-offering rite was finished, sacrifice was performed at the spirit tent. On bingshen day envoys were sent to Jin. On bingchen day an edict ordered Khitan who received Han offices to follow Han ritual and permitted them to marry Han people. On dingsi day an edict ordered a Cool Hall built on the southwest wall of the Yanjing Imperial City. That winter the court encamped at San Dian.
14
使 使 使
In the spring of the fourth year, on renxu day in the first month, widows and widowers of the Yishi, Pinbei, and Tugui Three Departments who could not support themselves were given spouses at state expense. On bingzi day Southern Tang sent envoys with tribute. On gengchen day the Niela and Wugui tribes presented captives from the Tangut campaign. On jichou day an edict fixed rewards for the campaign against the Tangut. In the second month, on bingshen day, the Crown Prince took a white roe deer. On jiachen day Jin sent envoys with fragrant medicines. On bingzi day Tieli brought tribute. On dingsi day an edict ordered the relevant offices to compile a Record of the Deeds of the Founding Ancestor Qishou Khan. On jiwei day Jin dispatched Yang Yancun with tribute. He also reported An Chongrong's arrogance at Zhen Prefecture, and Yang Yancun was detained and not sent home. That month An Chongrong of Zhen Prefecture in Jin seized the Liao envoy Zhuaila.
15
使 使 使 使使 使使
In the third month the Uyghur envoy Kol Yuyue was specially appointed to office and given banners, flags, bow and sword, clothing and horses; other gifts were bestowed in varying measure. On guiyou day Jin, having been permitted to sacrifice at the Southern Suburb, sent envoys to give thanks and presented ten yi of gold. That summer, in the fourth month, on jimao day, Jin sent envoys with cherries. In the fifth month, on gengchen day, the Tuyuhun yilijin Su and others rebelled and fled into Jin. Dieliao was sent with sealed dispatches to instruct Jin and the garrison commanders at Taiyuan. In the sixth month, on xinmao day, Zhenwu Army Deputy Military Governor Zhao Chong drove out his military governor Yelü Huali and rebelled with Shuozhou, submitting to Jin. On bingwu day the court ordered Commissioner of the Palace Domestic Service Naogu Zhi to Shuozhou with troops to besiege the city; when a Jin envoy arrived and asked that the gates be opened, he was refused and sent under escort to the capital.
16
使 使 使
That autumn, in the seventh month, on guihai day, Southern Tang sent envoys with sealed wax-ball dispatches. On bingyin day Naogu Zhi memorialized asking that an envoy be sent to Shuozhou to demand surrender; the defenders still held the walls and would not let him in. He also reported that Jin had sent tribute goods. An order was issued to give the tribute goods at once to the siege commanders. On jisi day the relevant offices reported that a beehive on the spirit-banner carriage had yielded honey; the diviner's reading was auspicious. On renshen day Jin sent envoys with crystal inkstones.
17
使 使
In the eighth month, on guisi day, Southern Tang sent wax-ball dispatches. On gengzi day Jin sent envoys with rhinoceros-horn bows and bamboo arrows. The King of Wuyue sent envoys with wax-ball dispatches.
18
In the ninth month, on renshen day, a comet appeared in the Jin asterism. On dingchou day he traveled to Guihua Prefecture.
19
使
That winter, in the tenth month, on xinchou day, the relevant offices reported a great harvest in Yan and Ji. On guimao day the King of Wuyue sent envoys with tribute.
20
使
In the eleventh month, on bingyin day, Jin sent word that it was campaigning against An Chongrong. On gengwu day the Tuyuhun asked to submit; envoys were sent to reassure them. Tlübu brought tribute, and his gifts were given to the emperor's attendants. On bingzi day the Jurchen of the Yalu River brought tribute. On renwu day an edict established that the Yongning and Tianshou festivals, together with New Year's Day, the Double Fifth, the Winter Solstice, and the la sacrifice day, were all occasions for receiving congratulations.
21
使使 便 使 使 使 歿
In the twelfth month, on wuzi day, Jin sent envoys reporting that Shannan Military Governor An Congjin had rebelled. An edict ordered that he be subdued as circumstances allowed. On gengyin day Southern Tang sent envoys with wax-ball dispatches. On wuxu day Jin dispatched Wang Shengluan with tribute. On wushen day Jin reported the defeat of An Chongrong, and Yang Yancun was then sent home. On xinhai day Jin sent envoys asking that the garrison troops be withdrawn; an edict ordered Tiyi Shuogu to withdraw his army. On jiayin day Shuozhou was taken by storm; Commissioner of the Crane Controllers Heli was sent to reward the troops. Naogu Zhi had by then fallen in battle beneath the walls; the emperor was furious and ordered the able-bodied men of the city put to death, and thirty leading rebel households were assigned as Naogu Zhi's retainers.
22
殿 使 使使 使使使 西使 使使 使使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使
In the spring of the fifth year, at the bingchen new moon of the first month, the emperor was at Guihua Prefecture and received the ministers' obeisance from the traveling hall. Tribute goods from every circuit were presented to the Empress Dowager and bestowed on the imperial clan and the hundred officials. On wuwu day an edict called for frank counsel; Yelü Haisi, a gentleman of the Northern Prince's household, answered the summons, and when summoned to audience his replies pleased the emperor; he was specially appointed Commissioner of the Palace Domestic Service. An edict ordered Chancellor Sengyin and others to distribute Khitan households in garrison settlements along the southern frontier. On wuchen day Jin sent An Chongrong's head in a casket as tribute. The emperor had many times wished to take the field personally against Chongrong; only now did he give up the plan. On guiyou day envoys were sent to Jin. That month, with Shuozhou pacified, Jin sent envoys to offer congratulations; the court then dispatched Guest Reception Commissioner Yelü Huage to Jin and also to present birthday gifts. In the second month, on renchen day, as the emperor was about to travel south, with several circuits still unsettled, he summoned the Crown Prince and his ministers to discuss the matter; all said, "Though Xiang, Zhen, and Shuo are pacified, the Tuyuhun, led astray by An Chongrong, have not yet submitted; troops should be sent to chastise them and warn the other tribes." The emperor said, "That is exactly my own view." An edict thereupon appointed Prince Ming Weien to replace Yuyue Xinen as Southwest Route Campaign Commissioner to attack them, and the Prince of Ming was told to drill first in frontier affairs before taking up the post. On jiawu day he traveled to Nanjing. He sent envoys to Jin demanding the surrender of the Tuyuhun rebels. On yiwei day the Biegude brought tribute. On the yimao new moon of the third month Jin sent Qi Prefecture defense commissioner Song Huiye and Hanlin tea-and-wine commissioner Zhang Yan to inquire after the Emperor's health. In the intercalary month he encamped at Yang Gate. That summer, on the jiayin new moon of the fourth month, the Iron Li brought tribute, and their gifts were divided among the ministers. On bingzi day Jin sent envoys bearing saddles and horses for willow-shoot archery. On the Double Fifth, wuzi day, slaughter was forbidden. On the guichou new moon of the sixth month Jin's Prince of Qi, Chonggui, sent envoys with tribute. On dingsi day Tudu and Susa came with tribute. On yichou day Jin's emperor Jingtang died, and his son Chonggui took the throne. On wuchen day Jin sent envoys announcing the mourning; court levees were suspended for seven days. On gengwu day envoys were sent to Jin to offer condolences and sacrifice. On dingchou day, hearing the Grand Empress Dowager was ill, the Emperor rushed in to wait on her and personally tasted every dose of medicine. He also reported at Emperor Taizu's temple, visited the Bodhisattva Hall, and fed fifty thousand monks. In the seventh month she recovered. In the seventh autumn month, on gengyin day, Jin sent Golden Wield Guard senior general Liang Yan and Four Quarters Bureau commissioner Zhu Chongjie to offer thanks; their letter styled the Emperor as grandson but not as subject, and Guest Reception commissioner Qiao Rong was dispatched to rebuke them. Jing Yanguang answered, "The former emperor was enthroned by your holy court; the present ruler was invested by our own state. As neighbor and as grandson is acceptable; submitting memorials that call oneself subject is not. Qiao Rong returned and reported everything; the Emperor first conceived the plan of a southern campaign. On xinmao day the Zubu, Biegude, and Wugu all brought tribute. Generals Tadali, Pugu, and others led the surrendered general Xiade to court and presented what they had taken. On dingwei day Jin sent envoys announcing mourning for their grand empress dowager. On xinyou day in the eighth month the Jurchen, Zubu, and Wugu each presented local products. On jiazi day Jin recovered Xiang Prefecture. On wuchen day an edict ordered Hedong military governor Liu Zhiyuan to send the rebel Wugu commander to court by way of Yanjing. On guiyou day Tiancheng Army military governor Xiao Baishi was sent to Jin to offer condolences and sacrifice. On renchen day in the ninth month envoys were dispatched to congratulate the Jin emperor on his succession. That winter, in the tenth month, on jisi day, troops were levied from every circuit. General Migude was dispatched to campaign against the Tangut. On yiwei day in the eleventh month Wuding Army reported pines bearing dates. On guihai day in the twelfth month Jin sent envoys to express thanks. That winter he encamped at Chicheng. In the sixth year, in the second spring month, on yimao day, Jin sent envoys presenting the late emperor's personal effects. On xinyou day Jin sent envoys asking to move the court to Bian; the request was granted. On the jimao new moon of the third month the King of Wuyue sent envoys with tribute. On jiashen day Melichuanyin came to submit. On wuzi day Southern Tang sent envoys bearing a wax-sealed letter. On dingwei day Jin reached Bian, and envoys were sent to express thanks. That summer, on the wushen new moon of the fourth month, there was a solar eclipse. On jihai day in the fifth month envoys were sent to Jin with birthday gifts. On the dingwei new moon of the sixth month the Iron Li brought tribute. On jiwei day the Xi Chuguli tribe presented white musk deer. On xinyou day Mo Prefecture presented a white magpie. Jin sent envoys presenting gold. In the eighth autumn month, on the dingwei new moon, Jin again presented gold. On jiwei day he went to Fengsheng Prefecture. Jin sent his son Yanshu to court. That winter, in the eleventh month, on xinmao day, Supreme Capital garrison commander Yelü Dielian captured a Jin spy and learned that Jin was of two minds. On jiachen day the Iron Li brought tribute. On dingwei day in the twelfth month he went to Nanjing to plan an attack on Jin. Zhao Yanzhou, Zhao Yanzhao, Anduan, Jieli, and others were ordered to advance by separate routes through Cang, Heng, Yi, and Ding, with the main army following after. That year Yang Yanzhao asked to be transferred to garrison Nailuo and the new garrison, and the request was granted.
23
使 使
In the seventh year, on the jiaxu new moon of the first spring month, Zhao Yanzhou and Yanzhao led fifty thousand vanguard horsemen to camp at Renqiu. On bingzi day Anduan entered Yanmen Pass and besieged Xin and Dai. On jimao day Zhao Yanzhou besieged Bei Prefecture; army officer Shao Ke opened the south gate to admit Liao troops, and prefect Wu Luan threw himself into a well and died. On jichou day he halted at Yuancheng, made Yanzhou military governor of Wei, Bo, and other prefectures, enfeoffed him as Prince of Wei, and had him lead his command to camp at Nanle. On bingshen day troops were sent to attack Liyang; Jin's Zhang Yanzhe came out to resist. On xinchou day Jin sent envoys seeking to restore the old friendship; an edict ceded the Hebei prefectures and ordered Sang Weihan and Jing Yanguang to come and negotiate.
24
使 西
On the jiachen new moon of the second month Bozhou was attacked, and prefect Zhou Ru surrendered the city. Jin's Pinglu Army military governor Yang Guangyuan secretly guided Liao forces across the river at Ma Family Pass. Jin general Jing Yanguang ordered Shi Bin to hold Majia Pass and Bai Zairong to hold Ma Family Pass. Before long Zhou Ru guided Liao troops under Mada to camp east of the river and attack the north ford of Yan Prefecture, to coordinate with Guangyuan. Jin dispatched Li Shouzhen, Huangfu Yu, Liang Hanzhang, and Xue Huairang with ten thousand men, advancing by land and water along the river. Liao troops besieged a Jin detached commander at Qicheng; the Jin emperor personally led troops to the rescue, and the Liao army withdrew. Shouzhen and the others reached Ma Family Pass; Mada sent ten thousand foot soldiers to build ramparts, ten thousand cavalry to guard outside, and stationed the rest west of the river. Before the crossing was finished Jin troops pressed them hard, and the Liao army fared badly.
25
沿 沿
On the guiyou new moon of the third month Zhao Yanzhou said, "Jin's armies have set palisades along the river and are all too fearful to fight. If we lead the main force straight to Chanyuan and seize its bridges, Jin can surely be taken. That day Jin troops were encamped at Chanyuan, with their vanguard Gao Xingzhou at Qicheng. Zhao Yanzhou and Yanzhao were then ordered to take tens of thousands of horsemen around Xingzhou's right, while the Emperor with picked troops struck on the left. They fought until dusk; the Emperor again sent strong cavalry to charge the Jin center, and the Jin army could not stand. A spy reported that Jin's eastern numbers were few and the riverine palisades weak; they pressed the eastern flank hard, and the masses broke and fled. Cavalry was loosed in pursuit, and Jin was utterly routed. On renwu day Zhao Yanzhao was left to hold Bei Prefecture, and captured households were moved into the interior. That summer, in the fourth month, on guichou day, he returned and halted at Nanjing. On xinwei day he went to Liang Pass. On guiyou day in the fifth month Yelü Balide reported that Dezhou had been taken and prefect Yin Juhan and twenty-seven officers and officials captured.
26
使 使
On jiachen day in the sixth month the Black Cart Shiwei brought tribute. On yisi day Renmeili, Yaoli, and other states came with tribute. In the seventh autumn month, on jimao day, Jin's Yang Guangyuan sent men bearing a wax-sealed letter. On xinmao day Jin sent Zhang Hui with a memorial begging peace; Hui was detained and not sent back. On xinyou day in the eighth month the Uighur sent envoys requesting marriage; the request was denied. That month Jin troops from Zhen Prefecture raided Feihu; Datong Army military governor Yelü Kong'a defeated them. On the gengwu new moon of the ninth month he proceeded north on tour. That winter, in the tenth month, on dingwei day, the Biegude brought tribute. On renxu day, at the Tianshou festival, the various states came to offer congratulations; only Jin did not come.
27
On renshen day in the eleventh month an edict levied troops from every circuit to assemble north of the Wenyu River on the intercalary month's new moon.
28
On guimao day in the twelfth month the southern campaign was launched. On jiazi day he halted at Gubei Pass. On the jisi new moon of the intercalary month troops from every circuit were reviewed at the Wenyu River. On jimao day Heng Prefecture was besieged and its nine counties were taken.
29
鹿 鹿 退 退 殿 使 使
In the eighth year, on gengzi day in the first spring month, forces were divided to attack Xing, Ming, and Ci prefectures, killing and looting almost without limit. They entered the territory of Yedu. Zhang Cong'en, Ma Quanjie, and An Shenqi drew up all their forces south of the Anyang River at Xiang Prefecture. Huangfu Yu and Puzhou prefect Murong Yanchao led a thousand horsemen to scout the Liao army. Reaching Yedu they met tens of thousands of Liao troops; fighting as they fell back, they reached Yulin Inn. Liao troops pressed after them; Yu and Yanchao fought strenuously for more than a hundred rounds; Yu's horse was killed and he fought on foot; Shenqi led cavalry across the river to the rescue, and the Liao army withdrew. In the second month Wei was besieged; Jin general Du Chongwei led troops to the rescue. On wuzi day Jin general Zhe Congruan captured Sheng Prefecture. In the third month, on wuxu day, the army captured Qi Prefecture and killed its prefect Shen Bin. On gengzi day Du Chongwei and Li Shouzhen attacked Tai Prefecture. On wuzi day Zhao Yanshou led the vanguard to press close to Tai city. On jiwei day Chongwei and Shouzhen led their troops in flight south; pursuers caught them at Yangcheng and inflicted a great defeat. They again formed foot soldiers into square battle lines to resist, and the two sides fought for more than twenty rounds. On renxu day they fought again for more than ten li. On guihai day Jin troops were besieged at Baituanwei Village. Jin troops set down antler palisades and encamped. That evening a great wind rose. At dawn the Emperor ordered the Iron Hawk corps to dismount, pull up the antler palisades, and charge in with short weapons. With the wind at their backs they set fires and raised dust to strengthen their attack. Jin troops shouted aloud, "Supreme commander, why do you not commit your forces and let the soldiers die for nothing!" All the generals eagerly sallied forth to fight. Zhang Yanze, Yao Yuanfu, and Huangfu Yu led troops out in a great battle; other generals followed in turn, and the Liao army was driven back several hundred paces. The wind grew fiercer still, and daylight turned dark as night. Fu Yanqing with ten thousand horsemen struck the Liao army from the flank and led foot soldiers forward together; the Liao army fared badly. The Emperor rode in a Xi chariot and withdrew more than ten li; Jin pursuers pressed hard, so he seized a camel, mounted it, and returned. Jin troops withdrew to Baoding Prefecture. That summer, in the fourth month, on jiashen day, he returned and halted at Nanjing; several hundred men who had fought poorly were flogged. On gengyin day he feasted the commanders and soldiers in the Hall of Primordial Harmony. On guisi day he went to Liang Pass. In the sixth month, on wuchen day, the Uighur brought tribute. On xinwei day the Tuyuhun and Biegude both brought tribute. On xinsi day the Black Cart Shiwei brought tribute. On dinghai day Zhao Yanshou reported that Jin troops had raided Gaoyang and that the garrison had driven them off. In the seventh autumn month, on yimao day, he hunted at Pingdi Pine Forest. Jin dispatched Meng Shouzhong bearing a memorial requesting peace, and the Emperor answered as he had before. In the eighth month, on jisi day, an edict ordered Imperial Guard Xiao Susa to inspect the herds at North Pass. In the ninth month, on renyin day, he halted at Red Mountain, feasted his attendant ministers, and asked about matters vital to army and state; they answered, "In matters of army and state, loving the people is fundamental. When the people are rich the army is sufficient; when the army is sufficient the state is strong." The Emperor agreed. On xinyou day he returned to the Supreme Capital. That winter, in the tenth month, on xinwei day, he sacrificed at Mount Muye. In the eleventh month, on wuxu day, the Jurchen and Iron Li brought tribute. On the guihai new moon of the twelfth month he paid court at Emperor Taizu's traveling palace. On yichou day Yun Prefecture military governor Yelü Kong'a captured a Jin spy. On wuchen day, at the La festival, robes and horses were bestowed on tribute envoys from the various states.
30
In the ninth year, in the first spring month, on gengzi day, the Uighur brought tribute. On dingwei day the Jurchen brought tribute.
31
In the second month, on wuchen day, the Biegude submitted military registers. In the third month, on yihai day, the Tuyuhun sent military officer Xulie presenting a thousand captive households, and Xulie was appointed acting Minister of Works.
32
That summer, on the xinyou new moon of the fourth month, Tuyuhun Bokejiu came to submit. That month he went to Liang Pass.
33
In the fifth month, on gengxu day, Jin's Yizhou garrison commander Sun Fangjian asked to defect inward.
34
殿
In the sixth month, on wuzi day, he visited the ancestral tombs and renamed Bisi Hall Longsi. In the seventh autumn month, on xinhai day, an edict levied troops from every circuit; anyone who dared harm standing grain would be punished by military law. On guichou day the Jurchen brought tribute. On yimao day Zubu chieftain Ela was made tribal chief of his own branch. In the eighth month, on bingyin day, the Wugu brought tribute. That month the Emperor personally led a southern campaign.
35
西
In the ninth month, on renchen day, troops from every circuit were reviewed at Zhaolin Marsh west of Yuyang. That month Zhao Yanshou fought Jin's Zhang Yanze at Ding Prefecture and defeated him.
36
退 使 退 使
That winter, on the wuzi new moon of the eleventh month, he advanced to besiege Zhen Prefecture. On bingshen day scouts were sent ahead reporting that Jin troops had arrived; picked troops were dispatched to cut the river bridge, and Jin troops withdrew to hold Wuqiang. Southern Court Great King Dielian and general Gao Mohan divided their forces and advanced by secret routes through Ying Prefecture; Du Chongwei dispatched Bei Prefecture military governor Liang Hanzhang with a host to resist. They gave battle, inflicted a great defeat, and killed Liang Hanzhang. Du Chongwei and Zhang Yanze led troops to hold Zhongdu Bridge; Zhao Yanshou struck ahead with foot soldiers and Gao Yanwen pressed with cavalry; pursuing the fleeing enemy, corpses numbered in the tens of thousands; Jin general Wang Qing was beheaded and Song Yanjun drowned. Chongwei and the others withdrew to hold Zhongdu stockade. Yiwu Army military governor Li Yin surrendered the city; the army then advanced and encamped on both sides of the Hutuo. Three li from Zhongdu stockade they divided forces to besiege it. By night cavalry was arrayed in a ring guard; by day troops were sent out to raid. He further ordered Inner Court chief minister Yelü Shuoguli and Zhao Yanshou to divide forces for siege and guard, while he personally led horsemen to cross the river by night and come up behind them. Luancheng was taken and several thousand mounted soldiers surrendered. Officers and soldiers were sent forth separately to hold the critical points. Thereupon the army prepared provisions; for three days no smoke or fire was permitted; whenever a Jin man was captured he was tattooed and released. All supply convoys that saw this abandoned their loads and fled. Thereupon Jin troops were cut off inside and out; provisions were exhausted and their situation desperate.
37
使 輿 紿 使 稿 使
In the twelfth month, on bingyin day, Du Chongwei, Li Shouzhen, Zhang Yanze, and others led two hundred thousand men under their command to surrender. The Emperor with tens of thousands of horsemen came to a great knoll, halted his horse, and received their surrender. Chongwei was appointed acting Grand Mentor and Yedu garrison commander; Shouzhen was made Tianping Army military governor; the rest kept their former posts. Half the surrendered soldiers were given to Chongwei and half assigned to Zhao Yanshou. He ordered Censor-in-Chief Jieli, army inspector Fu Gui'er, and Zhang Yanze to carry the edict into Bian, explain matters to the Jin emperor's mother Lady Li to reassure her, and summon Sang Weihan and Jing Yanguang to come first. A thousand horsemen were left to hold Wei while he personally led the great army south. On renshen day Jieli and the others reached Bian; Jin emperor Chonggui in plain robes accepted the command and conveyed his mother Lady Li presenting a memorial begging forgiveness. Initially Chonggui had severed the peace; Weihan repeatedly remonstrated and was not heeded; now Yanze killed Weihan and falsely claimed he had hanged himself. An edict ordered his burial and restoration of his fields, gardens, and mansion, with generous relief to his family. On jiaxu day Yanze moved Chonggui and his mother and wife to the Kaifeng prefectural office; Control Crane director Li Rong was ordered to supervise troops guarding them. On renwu day he halted at Red Knoll. Chonggui led his entire clan out through Fengqiu Gate, with straw ropes and a sheep in hand, waiting in submission. The Emperor could not bear to look upon it and ordered him lodged instead at Fengchan Temple. Jin's hundred officials in white mourning cloth and gauze caps prostrated themselves awaiting judgment. The Emperor said, "Their lord betrayed favor; what crime have his ministers committed?" He ordered them to keep their posts as before and immediately appointed An Shuqi Golden Wield Guard senior general. Shuqi stepped forward alone from the ranks; the Emperor said, "Your petition at Xing Prefecture I have not forgotten." He was further made Zhenguo Army military governor, for at Xing he had once secretly requested to defect inward. General Kang Xiang seized Jing Yanguang and brought him in; an edict counted his crimes with tally sticks, eight in all; he was bound and sent to the capital and killed himself on the road.
38
殿 使使使 祿 使 西 使 使 使使使
In the first year of Datong, on the dinghai new moon of the first spring month, the full imperial procession entered Bian; he ascended the Hall of August Primacy to receive congratulations from the hundred officials. On wuzi day Deputy Palace Secretariat Liu Min was made acting Kaifeng prefect; Qin Jimin, Li Yanphen, and Zheng Prefecture defense commissioner Yang Chengzhun were executed; his younger brother Chengxin was made Pinglu Army military governor, succeeding to his father's title. Initially Yang Guangyuan at Qingzhou had sought to defect inward; his son Chengzhun refused to listen, killed his aide Qiutao and his younger brother Chengzuo and the like and submitted to Jin on his own, hence the execution. On jichou day, because Zhang Yanze had on his own authority moved Chonggui to Kaifeng, killed Sang Weihan, and let his troops plunder greatly, behaving without the Way, he was beheaded in the marketplace. Jin people cut his flesh and ate it. On xinmao day Chonggui was demoted to Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and acting Grand Commandant, enfeoffed as Marquis who Betrayed Right. On guisi day Zhang Li was made Grand Counselor; Jin's Li Song was made Palace Secretariat commissioner; Feng Dao was made Grand Mentor; He Ning was made Hanlin Academician; Zhao Ying was made Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent; Liu Xu was appointed acting Grand Mentor; Feng Yu was made Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent. On guimao day Zhao Ying, Feng Yu, and Li Yantao were dispatched with three hundred horsemen to escort the Marquis who Betrayed Right and his mother Lady Li, consort Lady An, wife Lady Feng, younger brother Chongrui, sons Yanshu and Yanbao, and others to Huanglong Prefecture for settlement. Fifty palace women, three inner eunuchs, fifty men of the eastern and western shifts, one medical officer, four Control Crane guards, seven cooks, three tea-and-wine bureau officers, three ceremonial guards, and ten stout soldiers were sent to accompany them. On the dingsi new moon of the second month the state name Great Liao was established, a general amnesty was proclaimed, and the era name Datong was adopted. Zhen Prefecture was elevated to Central Capital. Zhao Yanshou was made Grand Chancellor concurrently Director of Affairs, Palace Secretariat commissioner, and Central Capital garrison commander; civil and military officers and soldiers received titles and rewards in varying degrees. On xinwei day Hedong military governor, Prince of Beiping Liu Zhiyuan declared himself emperor; his state name was Han. An edict appointed Geng Chongmei Zhao-Yi Army military governor, Gao Tangying Zhaode Army military governor, and Cui Tingxun Heyang Army military governor to hold critical points respectively.
39
使 簿 使 西
On the bingxu new moon of the third month Xiao Han was appointed Xuanwu Army military governor; generals and officers received titles and rewards in varying degrees. On renyin day Jin's bureau officials, consorts, eunuchs, specialists, artisans, maps and registers, calendars and astronomical instruments, stone classics, bronze mannequins, Bright Hall clepsydra, Music Bureau scores, palace and county records, imperial regalia, ritual objects, and armor and weapons were all sent to the Supreme Capital. Cizhou commander Liang Hui surrendered Xiang Prefecture to Han; on jiyou day Gao Tangying was ordered to attack him. That summer, on the bingchen new moon of the fourth month, he set out from Bian with Feng Dao, Li Song, He Ning, Li Huan, Xu Taifu, Zhang Li, and others in attendance. When he halted at Red Knoll, a sound like thunder rose from the imperial tent at night, and a great star again fell before the banners and drums. On yichou day, after crossing the Liyang ford, he turned to his attendants and said, "On this journey I have three faults: allowing troops to plunder fodder and grain — that is the first; requisitioning private wealth from the people — that is the second; not promptly sending the military governors back to their posts — that is the third." The Imperial Younger Brother sent an envoy to inquire about affairs at the front; the Emperor replied, "At first with two hundred thousand troops I made Du Chongwei and Zhang Yanze submit and took Zhen Prefecture. When we entered Bian, I reduced offices where staffs were at full complement and put men to posts according to their talents. Though the bureaus remained, the officials were ruined and decayed — like after fledglings have flown, nothing but empty nests. Long torn by turmoil, things had come to this. Everywhere bandits gathered; earthworks never ceased; supplies came at the wrong times; the people could not bear the burden. Hedong had not yet submitted, and chieftains of the western route likewise banded together. Thinking day and night, the means to control them were only three: trusting the common staff, harmonizing army morale, and comforting the people. Those who have now submitted number seventy-six places in all, yielding one million nine hundred one thousand one hundred eighteen households. But for Bian's heat and its hard soil and water, we could stay only one year; peace could be achieved as easily as pointing to the palm of one's hand. Moreover Zhen Prefecture was renamed Central Capital to serve imperial tours. We mean to attack Hedong, but for the present await another plan. Such is the general outline." On wuchen day he halted at Gaoyi and fell ill. On dingchou day he died at Luancheng, aged forty-six. That year, on the renzi new moon of the ninth month, he was buried at Phoenix Mountain; his tomb was called Huai Ling, and his temple name was Taizong. In the twenty-sixth year of Tonghe, seventh month, he was posthumously titled Filial Martial Emperor. In the twenty-first year of Chongxi, ninth month, his posthumous title was augmented to Filial Martial, Bountiful and Cultured Emperor.
40
The encomium reads: Scarcely had Taizong settled the many regions when near and far turned to his rule. He established the dynastic title, prepared statutes and regulations, put common government in order, reviewed names and reality, recorded prisoners, taught planting and weaving, and matched widowers and widows. Seeking men of frank counsel, he found Yelü Haisi and immediately promoted him to Commissioner of the Palace Domestic Service. He praised Tang's Zhang Jingda for loyalty to his ruler and at last buried him with full rites. He gave up pleasure excursions and heeded Sanko's plain counsel; he pitied the soldiers and issued orders for rest and recuperation. He personally campaigned against Jin, and Chonggui came bound with cords before him. This may be called combining majesty and virtue, with heroic strategy appearing here and there. After entering Bian, there was no slightest trace of pride; there was the admonition of the "Three Faults." The 《Commentary》 praises the Duke of Zheng's skill in handling victory; the 《Documents》 advances the 《Qin Oath》 for the ability to repent of wrongdoing — Taizong surely combined both. How outstanding!
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