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卷五 本紀第五: 世宗

Volume 5 Annals 5: Shizong

Chapter 5 of 遼史 · History of Liao
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Chapter 5
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1
使 祿 使
Emperor Shizong, posthumously Xiaohé Zhuangxian, bore the personal name Ruan and the childhood name Wuyu. He was the eldest son of the Emperor Who Yielded the Realm, and his mother was Empress Rouzhen of the Xiao clan. He was imposing in bearing, lenient at heart yet stern in demeanor, skilled at horsemanship and archery, generous by nature, and the people looked to him with hope. Emperor Taizong loved him as his own son. In the ninth year of Huitong he took part in the campaign against Jin. In the second month of spring in the first year of Datong he was enfeoffed as Prince Yongkang. In the fourth month that summer, on dingchou day, Emperor Taizong died at Luancheng. On wuyin day the imperial coffin paused at Zhenyang, and he took the throne before the bier. On jiashen day he stopped at Ding Prefecture and ordered Tiande, Shuogu, Jieli, and others to escort the coffin on to the Supreme Capital first. Learning that the Emperor had succeeded, the Empress Dowager sent his younger brother Li Hu with an army to oppose him. On the jiayin new moon of the sixth month he reached the Southern Capital; Five Courts yilijin Anduan and xiangwen Liu Ge sent riders in haste to offer themselves as vanguard. At Taide Spring he met Li Hu's army and routed it. The Emperor sent langjun Qinde and others to both camps to urge a settlement. In the intercalary seventh autumn month he halted at the Huang River; the Empress Dowager and Li Hu arrayed troops to resist at Hengdu Ford, and the two sides faced off for several days. Following Wuzhi's counsel, both sides disbanded their armies and marched for the Supreme Capital. Before long, hearing that the Empress Dowager and Li Hu were plotting again, he had them moved to Zu Prefecture. He executed Minister of Agriculture Huashe and Chubuli. On the renwu new moon of the eighth month he honored his mother, Lady Xiao, as Empress Dowager, made the empress dowager's kinsman Laji Saguolu head of the imperial maternal-uncle account, and set a xiangwen over it. Households from the Palace of Honored Virtue were divided and bestowed on those who had raised him to the throne; Northern Chancellor Wa and Southern Chancellor Hou each received fifty, and Anpo and Chubu each a hundred. Descendants of Dilu and Tiela, earlier registered and confiscated though guilty of no crime, were restored to them. On guiwei day the Northern Palace Commissioner was established for the first time, with Anpo appointed to the post. On the renzi new moon of the ninth month the Succeeding Sage Emperor was interred at Huai Mausoleum. On dingmao day the firewood-and-script rites were performed, and the assembled ministers offered the honorific title Emperor Who Received Heaven's Mandate. He proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the first year of Datong to the first year of Tianlu. He gave his late father the posthumous title Emperor Who Yielded the Realm. Anduan was set to rule the Dongdan state and enfeoffed as Prince of Ming; Chage was made Prince of Taining; Liu Ge was made tiyin; and Gao Xun was made Southern Palace Commissioner.
2
使
In the spring of the second year, first month, Tiande, Xiao Han, Liu Ge, Pendu, and others plotted rebellion. Tiande was executed, Xiao Han was flogged, Liu Ge was transferred to the frontier, and Pendu was punished by being sent as envoy to the Kirghiz. Han ruler Liu Zhiyuan died, and his son Chengyou succeeded him. On the gengchen new moon of the fourth summer month Southern Tang sent Li Lang and Wang Zuo with condolences and congratulations, also presenting a wax-ball dispatch to discuss an attack on Han. In the seventh autumn month, on renshen day, Prince Xian was born. On renwu day in the tenth winter month Zhao Yanshou, Prince Wei and regent of the Southern Capital, died; Dielige, right chancellor of the Central Secretariat, was made regent of the Southern Capital and enfeoffed as Prince of Yan. In the eleventh month he halted the imperial progress south of Zhangwu.
3
In the spring of the third year, first month, Xiao Han and Princess Abuli plotted rebellion; Han was executed, and Abuli wasted away and died in prison. On gengshen day he proclaimed a general amnesty. Every civil and military official was promoted one step in rank. That summer, on wuyin day of the sixth month, Yelü Hulizhen, chamberlain of records, was made Northern Chancellor. On jimao day tiyin Tuibai was enfeoffed as Prince of Qishui commandery. On the xinchou new moon of the ninth autumn month he summoned the ministers to deliberate on a southern campaign. In the tenth month of winter he sent generals with troops to take Gaolao town in Bei Prefecture, raided through Yedu, Nangong, and Tangyang, killed Shen Prefecture prefect Shi Wanshan, and captured a great host.
4
西 鹿
In the fourth year, spring, second month, on xinwei day Prince of Taining Chage came to court and was kept in attendance at court. That month he established the Directorate of Government Affairs. On the wuxu new moon of the third month Southern Tang sent Zhao Yansi, Zhang Fu, and others to congratulate him on the southern campaign's victory. On the yichou new moon of the ninth autumn month he traveled to Shanxi. In the tenth month of winter he personally led a southern campaign, took Anping, Neiqiu, Shulu, and other cities, and returned laden with booty. That year he installed Lady Xiao as empress.
5
使 簿 使 使 西
On the guihai new moon of the first spring month of the fifth year he went to Baiquan Lake. Guo Wei of Han murdered his sovereign and declared himself emperor under the state name Zhou, then sent Zhu Xian to announce it. He at once sent envoys presenting fine horses. Liu Chong of Han declared himself emperor at Taiyuan. In the second month Zhou sent Yao Hanying and Hua Zhaoyin; because their letter used language asserting equal standing, Hanying and the others were detained. On the renxu new moon of the fifth summer month Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent Zhao Ying died; court was suspended for one day, and he was ordered interred at Bian. An edict entrusted the appointment of prefectural and county recorders and registrars to the Directorate of Government Affairs. On the xinmao new moon of the sixth month Liu Chong was attacked by Zhou; he sent envoys declaring submission, begging aid, and requesting formal investiture. He at once sent Prince of Yan Dielie and Palace Secretariat Commissioner Gao Xun to invest him as Emperor Shenwu of Great Han. Southern Tang sent Jiang Hong, begging that troops be raised in support. That summer he escaped the heat at Baiquan Ridge. On the gengshen new moon of the ninth month he personally led a southern campaign. On renxu day he halted at Xianggu Mountain in Guihua Prefecture. On guihai day he sacrificed to the Emperor Who Yielded the Realm at the traveling palace. All the ministers were drunk; Chage rebelled, and the emperor was assassinated at the age of thirty-four. In the first year of Yingli he was buried on the western hills of Xian Prefecture; the mausoleum was called Xian Mausoleum. In the second year he was posthumously titled Emperor Xiaohé, with the temple name Shizong. In the seventh month of the twenty-sixth year of Tonghe his posthumous title was augmented to Emperor Xiaohé Zhuangxian.
6
The eulogy says: Shizong was a ruler of middling talent. Having succeeded to the great mandate, within barely three years he accepted Tang's wax-sealed letter and at once debated a southern campaign — lacking steadiness and contrary to circumspection; he surely had within him the ways that bring ruin. Yet in filial piety, brotherly affection, lenience, and kindness he still showed a measure fit for a ruler. Before the army could return, upheaval arose from deep drinking — how could it not be lamentable!
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