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卷二十一 本紀第二十一: 道宗一

Volume 21 Annals 21: Daozong 1

Chapter 21 of 遼史 · History of Liao
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Chapter 21
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1
Daozong, Part One
2
使
Emperor Xiaowen of Daozong, taboo name Hongji, courtesy name Nielin, childhood name Zala. He was the eldest son of Emperor Xingzong; his mother was Empress Rende of the Xiao clan. At age six he was enfeoffed Prince of Liang. In the eleventh year of Chongxi he was advanced to Prince of Yan and oversaw Central Secretariat affairs. The next year he oversaw Southern and Northern Privy Council affairs, was made Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and advanced to Prince of Yan and Zhao. In the twenty-first year he became grand marshal of all armies and horses under Heaven, administrator of tiyin affairs, and participated in court government. The Emperor's nature was calm and stern; at each audience Xingzong would compose himself on his account.
3
使 西使西使使 使 使 使 殿 宿 使 使 使 西 滿 使使 涿 殿
In the twenty-fourth year, in the eighth autumn month on a ji day, Xingzong died; he took the throne before the bier and, in deep grief, would not govern. On xinmao day the hundred officials memorialized repeatedly urging him, and he assented. An edict said: "I, with slight virtue, have been placed above the people, and I only fear my wisdom and knowledge may fall short and that those below may not trust me; taxes and levies may be rashly raised, rewards and punishments may miss the mark; the sovereign's grace may not reach those below, and sentiment below may not reach the sovereign. Let all scholars and commoners speak frankly without reserve. What is fit, select and use; what is not, do not treat it as fault. You ministers, embody my intent. On renchen day the Emperor's younger brother Chongyuan was made imperial uncle, exempted from Han-style obeisance, and addressed without taboo on his name. On guisi day envoys were dispatched to announce the mourning to Song and to Xia and Goryeo. On jiawu day Chongyuan was dispatched to reassure troops and people at Nanjing. On wuxu day, by the testamentary edict, Northwest Route pacification commissioner Prince of Xiping Xiao Ala was made Northern Court chancellor and still acted as Southern Court privy commissioner; Northern Court chancellor Xiao Xulie was made military commissioner of Wuding Army. On xinchou day the era name was changed to Qingning and a general amnesty was proclaimed. On wuwu day of the ninth month an edict ordered that outside hunting grounds the Emperor often favored, there was to be no prohibition. On gengshen day an edict removed guard soldiers; the rest might not wear blades when entering the palace; except meritorious kin, descendants, yilijin, deputy commissioners, and attendants of various posts, none might wear the official headcloth. On renxu day an edict ordered that yilijin and deputy commissioners' clans together with commoner slaves and the base might not wear tuoni or otter-fur coats; knife handles, hawk-bells, saddles, straps, and pendants might not use rhinoceros horn, jade, or bone-tipped rhinoceros horn; only great generals were not forbidden. On yichou day rank and rewards were granted to inner and outer officials by degree. On gengwu day the Empress Dowager was honored as Grand Empress Dowager. On xinwei day Left yilibi Xiao Molu and Hanlin academician Han Yun were dispatched to present the late emperor's bequeathed goods to Song. On guiyou day envoys were dispatched to inform Song of the accession. On bingzi day the Empress was honored as Empress Dowager and a banquet was held at Zatu Hall. Supreme Capital regent Prince of Suguo Chenliu was made regent of Nanjing. On renwu day envoys were dispatched to bestow the late emperor's bequeathed goods on Goryeo and Xia State. On dinghai day of the tenth winter month the relevant offices requested that the Emperor's birthday be made the Heavenly Peace Festival; the request was granted. Prince of Wu Renxian was made associate regent of Nanjing; Prince of Chen Tubote was made Southern Court chancellor and advanced to Prince of Wu. On renyin day Shunyi Army military commissioner Shishennu was made Southern Court great king. On jiazi day of the eleventh month Emperor Xingzong was buried at Qing Mausoleum. Song and Goryeo sent envoys to attend. The mountain was named Yongxing. On bingyin day Southern Court great king Hougu was made regent of the Central Capital; Northern Court chancellor Prince of Xiping Xiao Ala was advanced to Prince of Han. On renshen day the court halted at Huai Prefecture. Rites were performed at Taizong's and Muzong's temples. On jiaxu day the court paid respects at the ancestral mausoleum. On wuyin day, the winter solstice, rites were performed at Taizu's, Jingzong's, and Xingzong's temples; the court did not receive congratulations from the ministers. On bingxu day of the twelfth month an edict to the Left yilibi said: "I, young and small, have received the great position; day and night I worry and fear lest I be unequal to it. I wish to hear frank speech to correct my faults. Now several months have passed, yet I have not seen what fulfills my intent to entrust you as arms and legs and ears and eyes. Order inner and outer officials of all ranks, when their term is complete, each to speak on one matter. Also relay instructions to their jurisdictions: without regard to noble or base, old or young, all may speak frankly without reserve. On wuzi day, the Responding Sage Festival, longevity was wished for the Grand Empress Dowager; ministers and titled wives were feasted; consort Xiao was invested Empress. The Emperor's younger brother Prince of Yue Heluwo was advanced to Prince of Lu; Prince of Xu Alian to Prince of Chen; Prince of Chu Nielugu was transferred to Prince of Wu. On xinmao day an edict to the Deployment Office ordered that when affairs were confidential they were to be memorialized at once; whoever submitted or received libelous writings was to be executed in the market along with the reader. On guisi day ten princes of the imperial clan were disrespectful to their mother and were executed. On jiawu day associate privy commissioner Yao Jingxing was made Associate Administrator of Affairs; Hanlin academician Wu Zhan associate privy commissioner; Associate Administrator of Affairs and associate privy commissioner Han Shaowen supreme capital regent. On bingshen day Song sent Ouyang Xiu and others to congratulate the accession. On wuxu day an edict ordered schools established to nurture scholars, the commentaries on the 《Five Classics》 promulgated, and one doctor and one assistant instructor appointed each. On guimao day Zhuo Prefecture administrator Yang Ji was made Associate Administrator of Affairs and associate privy commissioner. On gengxu day, because it was Shengzong's birthday while he lived, prisoners at the Supreme Capital were pardoned. That year, at the Cool Hall the jinshi Zhang Xiaojie and forty-four others were passed.
4
使 西 使 使使 使 殿 使宿
In the second year, on bingchen day of the first spring month an edict ordered prefectural and district officials and subordinates to decide criminal cases like the various tribal precedents. On jisi day an edict ordered that the Ernügu tribe, when hereditary in selection for chancellor and military commissioner, be exempted from the Pishi Army. That month the court visited Yuer Marsh. On yiyou day of the second month Left yilibi Xiao Molu was made Southwest Route pacification inspector-general. On yisi day, because it was Xingzong's birthday while he lived, ministers were feasted and each ordered to compose a poem. On dingsi day of the third month, the Responding Sage Festival, a partial amnesty was granted for prisoners within a hundred li. On jimao day the Emperor's composition 《Rhapsody on Releasing the Hawk》 was bestowed on the ministers, instructing them in employing ministers. In the intercalary month, on jihai day, Eastern Capital coinage was first put in circulation. On yisi day Nanjing's prisons were empty; the regent and officials below were promoted. On jiazi day of the fourth summer month an edict said: "In midsummer, the season when birds and beasts breed and grow, fire must not be set loose in the suburbs. On wuxu day of the fifth month the court paid respects at Qing Mausoleum. On jiachen day rites were performed at Xingzong's temple. On dingsi day of the sixth month an edict ordered chancellors to recommend men of talent; on wuwu day the relevant offices were ordered to register troops to replenish border garrisons. On xinyou day Zubu chieftains came to court and presented local products. On dingmao day Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On xinwei day historians' participation in hearing court deliberations was abolished; they were to inquire of the chancellor before writing. On yihai day locusts and larvae caused disaster at the Central Capital. On bingzi day an edict ordered that when banditry was substantiated, all routes might decide the case. On dingchou day Southern Court privy commissioner Prince of Zhao Chage was made supreme capital regent; associate regent of Nanjing Prince of Wu Renxian was made Southern Court privy commissioner. On yiyou day envoys were dispatched on separate routes to equalize taxes and levies, repair weapons, encourage farming and sericulture, and forbid bandits. On xinwei day of the eighth month the court went to autumn mountains. On gengzi day of the ninth month the court visited the Central Capital and sacrificed to Shengzong and Xingzong at Hui'an Hall. On bingzi day of the tenth winter month the court went to Zhonghuichuan. On wuxu day of the eleventh month Yelü Huali, who administered Left yilibi affairs, was made yilibi; Northern Court great king Yelü Xiantong was made administrator of Huanglong Prefecture. On jiachen day civil and military officials presented the honorific title Heavenly Blessing Emperor; the Empress, Virtuous and Gracious Empress. A general amnesty was proclaimed. On yisi day the imperial uncle Chongyuan was made grand marshal of all armies and horses under Heaven; Prince of Zhao Chage was transferred to Prince of Wei, Prince of Lu Heluwo to Prince of Song, Prince of Chen Alian to Prince of Qin, Prince of Wu Nielugu advanced to Prince of Chu; officials were promoted and transferred by degree. On the wushen new moon of the twelfth month Prince of Han Xiao Ala was made Northern Court privy commissioner; Eastern Capital regent Prince of Suguo Chenliu Northern Court chancellor; Prince of Song Heluwo supreme capital regent; Prince of Qin Alian administrator of Central Secretariat affairs. On jiayin day the Empress Dowager was given the honorific title Gracious, Benevolent, Harmonious, Cultured, Favorable, Filial, Broadly Reverent, Loving, Honored, Heavenly Empress Dowager.
5
使 使 殿殿 殿 使 貿
In the third year, on gengchen day of the first spring month the court went to the Duck River. On bingxu day the Daotaoling military commissioner was established. On yiwei day chieftains of the Five States presented local products. On jiwei day of the second month the court went to Dayu Marsh. On xinsi day of the third month Prince of Chu Nielugu was made military commissioner of Wuding Army. On bingchen day of the fourth summer month the court summered at Yongan Mountain. On jihai day of the fifth month the court visited Qing Mausoleum and offered libation at the Golden Hall and Tongtian Hall. On xinwei day of the sixth month Prince of Wei Chage was made tiyin; associate privy commissioner Xiao Tanggu Southern Court chancellor; Prince of Wei Tiebu Eastern Capital regent. On jiashen day of the seventh autumn month Nanjing had an earthquake; amnesty was granted within its territory. On yiyou day the court went to autumn mountains. On xinhai day of the eighth month the Emperor presented the Grand Empress Dowager with 《Collected Poems on Ruler and Minister Sharing One Will and Chinese and Barbarian Sharing One Custom》. On gengzi day of the ninth month the court visited Zhonghuichuan. On jiyou day of the tenth winter month the court paid respects at the ancestral mausoleum. On gengshen day the court paid respects at the Abdication Emperor's and Shizong's temples. On xinyou day libation was offered at the Jade Hall. On bingzi day of the eleventh month Left yilibi Xiao Molu was made Khitan mobile palace deployment director. On gengzi day Goryeo sent envoys with tribute. On gengxu day of the twelfth month officials were forbidden to lend or trade within their jurisdictions. On wuchen day the Grand Empress Dowager fell ill; partial amnesty for prisoners within five hundred li of the imperial halt. On jisi day the Grand Empress Dowager died.
6
使 使 滿 使 使 使使使使 使 殿 使使
In the fourth year, on the renshen new moon of the first spring month envoys were dispatched to announce the mourning to Song and Xia. The court went to the Duck River to fish. On guiyou day Song sent envoys presenting a painted likeness of the Song ruler. On dinghai day Yelü Pode, who administered Yi Prefecture, completed his term; the people of his district begged he remain; permission was granted. On bingwu day of the second month an edict to the yilibi ordered that for capital offenses in all routes, though the case was complete, another prefecture or district was still to review; if there was no injustice, then decide; whoever claimed injustice was immediately to be memorialized in full. On gengxu day the court went to Yuer Marsh. On wuyin day of the third month the bold and swift were recruited from Tiande, Zhenwu, Dongsheng, and other places and registered as troops. On jiawu day a general amnesty was proclaimed. On jiachen day of the fourth summer month the court paid respects at Qing Mausoleum. On dingmao day Song sent envoys to offer condolences. On the gengwu new moon of the fifth month the posthumous honorific for the late Grand Empress Dowager was Empress Qin'ai. On guiyou day burial was at Qing Mausoleum. Xia State and Goryeo sent envoys to attend. On yiyou day the court went to Yongan Mountain to escape summer heat. On chou day of the sixth month Northern Court privy commissioner Prince of Zheng Xiao Ge was made Southern Court privy commissioner and transferred to Prince of Chu; Southern Court privy commissioner Prince of Wu Renxian was made Northern Court privy commissioner. On xinsi day of the seventh autumn month it was regulated that officials in charge of the inner treasury who stole two strings of cash or more might be reported by slaves and maidservants. On renwu day the court hunted at Heiling. On the wuxu new moon of the tenth winter month associate Eastern Capital regent Hougu was made Southern Court great king; Bao'an Army military commissioner Xidi was made great king of the Xi Six Tribes. On guiyou day of the eleventh month the rebirth and firewood-bundle rituals were performed; ministers were feasted at Bafang Marsh. On gengchen day at Clear Wind Hall the great investiture ritual was received. A general amnesty was proclaimed. Prince of Wu Renxian was made Nanjing deputy grand marshal and transferred to Prince of Sui. On renwu day the court paid respects at Taizu's and the various emperors' palaces. On bingxu day sacrifice was made at Muye Mountain. Manufacture of jade vessels was forbidden. On xinchou day of the twelfth month the prohibition on tuoni and otter-fur coats was relaxed. On yisi day scholars and commoners were permitted to keep hawks. On xinhai day Southern Court privy commissioner Prince of Chu Xiao Ge again became Northern Court privy commissioner. In the intercalary month, on jisi day, the imperial uncle Chongyuan was granted a gold tally. That year the imperial son Jun was born.
7
使使使使使西 殿 殿
In the fifth year, in spring, the court went to Chun Prefecture. On the jiazi new moon of the sixth summer month the court halted at Nage Marsh. On jichou day Southern Court privy commissioner Xiao Asu was made Northern Court chancellor; associate privy commissioner Yelü Yixin Southern Court privy commissioner; tiyin Chage Liaoxing Army military commissioner; Prince of Lu Xiejianu Wuding Army military commissioner; Eastern Capital regent Prince of Wu Tiebu Western Capital regent. On dingyou day of the seventh autumn month Wugu Dilie detail-stable Xiao Molu was made Left yilibi. On the renzi new moon of the tenth winter month the court visited Nanjing and sacrificed to Xingzong at Jianing Hall. In the eleventh month hunting was forbidden. On renxu day of the twelfth month Northern Court linya Xima Liu was made Right yilibi; Associate Administrator of Affairs Wu Zhan, because his younger brother Xun had fraudulently entered the service register, was stripped of rank and made a commoner. That year at the Hundred Blessings Hall the jinshi Liang Yuan and one hundred fifteen others were passed.
8
使
In the sixth year, in spring, the court went to Yuanyang Marsh. On the wuzi new moon of the fifth summer month compiler of the national history Yelü Bai requested compilation of the Emperor's poems and rhapsodies and was ordered to write the preface. On jiyou day the court halted at Nage Marsh. On the wuwu new moon of the sixth month Northeast Route Jurchen detail-stable Gaojianu was made tiyin. On renxu day envoys were dispatched to review prisoners. On bingyin day the Directorate of Education was established at the Central Capital and seasonal sacrifice to the Former Sage and Former Teacher was ordered; on guimao day Prince of Sui Renxian was made Northern Court great king and granted an imperial drafting edict. On jiazi day of the tenth winter month the court halted at Ousi Marsh.
9
使 使 使
In the seventh year, on gengxu day of the third spring month the court went to Chun Prefecture. Yelü Yixin was made to administer Northern Court privy affairs. On xinwei day of the fourth summer month officials and commoners were forbidden to keep eastern-sea green falcons. On bingxu day of the fifth month the court summered at Yongan Mountain. On bingwu day the court paid respects at Qing Mausoleum. On xinhai day Eastern Capital regent Prince of Chen Xiao Ala was killed. On the renzi new moon of the sixth month there was a solar eclipse. On jiazi day Xiao Molu was made military commissioner of Shunyi Army. On dingmao day the court visited Hongyi, Yongxing, and Chongde palaces to perform sacrifice. Willow-shooting was held; a feast was granted and rewards by degree. On wuchen day the rebirth ritual was performed; ministers were again ordered to shoot willows in separate teams. On dingchou day Prince of Chu Nielugu was made to administer Southern Court privy affairs. On dingchou day of the ninth autumn month the court halted at Ousi Marsh. On renwu day of the twelfth winter month Yelü Alizhi, who administered Huanglong Prefecture, was made Southern Court great king.
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