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卷三十一 志第一: 營衞志上

Volume 31 Treatises 1: Management of Guards 1

Chapter 31 of 遼史 · History of Liao
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Chapter 31
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1
Treatise on Camps and Guards, Part 1
2
涿鹿
In high antiquity people wore grass and ate from trees, nested in trees and dwelt in caves, happy and at ease, neither seeking nor striving. From when the reign of the Flame Emperor declined and Chiyou raised disorder, weapons were first fashioned to poison the realm. When the Yellow Emperor arose, he slew him at the foot of Zhuolu. At rest he displayed elephant tusks in the palace; on the march he hung yak tails on the banners, as a warning to all under heaven for ten thousand generations. Thus armies, camps, and guards had to be established. South of Ji prefecture, after the transformation wrought by the Great Flood, the Xia first established walls and cities. Its people settled as natives within the pacified domain, exerting military guard without and aligning civil teaching within, keeping defense on the four borders. The establishment of camps and guards was only to prepare for the unexpected. North of Bing and Ying, fierce winds and bitter cold; following the sun they migrated, year without settled dwelling, vast earth ten thousand li, bandits and villains seizing gaps to act. The establishment of camps and guards was taken as the norm. Such was the situation. When Liao first grew great, its institutions were especially dense. In residence there were palace guards, called orudo (mobile palace encampments); on departure there were traveling camps, called napo (imperial seasonal encampments); distributed to guard the frontiers, called tribal divisions. When there was business, attack and battle were the task; in leisure, hunting and fishing were the livelihood. No day without camping, no place without guarding. In the scale of founding a state, nothing weighed more than this. The "Treatise on Camps and Guards" was composed.
3
○ Palace Guards
4
調
Liao law: when the Son of Heaven assumed the throne, palace guards were established, prefectures and counties divided, tribal divisions analyzed, government offices set up, household registers made, and troops and horses prepared. On death the entourage followed the empress and consorts' palace tents to attend the imperial tomb. When levies were issued, able-bodied men followed military affairs while the old and weak remained on guard. Taizu: Hongyi Palace; Empress Yingtian: Changning Palace; Taizong: Yongxing Palace; Shizong: Jiqing Palace. Muzong: Yanchang Palace; Jingzong: Zhangmin Palace; Empress Chengtian: Chongde Palace; Shengzong: Xingsheng Palace; Xingzong: Yanqing Palace; Daozong: Taihe Palace; Tianzuo: Yongchang Palace. Also the Literary Emperor's younger brother had Dunmu Palace, and Chancellor Yelü Longyun had the Wenzhong Princely Residence. In all there were 38 prefectures, 10 counties, 41 supervisory offices, 23 shile, 74 wali, 98 moli, 2 deli, and 19 zhazha. There were 80,000 regular households, 123,000 tribal and Han rotational households, 203,000 households in total.
5
The Suan orudo, established by Taizu. In the national language "heart and core" is suan; "palace" is orudo. This is the Hongyi Palace. It was established from the core bodyguard, augmented by Bohai captives and households of Jin prefecture. Its orudo was at Linhuang prefecture; the tomb was twenty li southeast of Zu prefecture. Regular households 8,000; tribal and Han rotational households 7,000; fielding 6,000 cavalry.
6
西
Five prefectures: Jin, Zu, Yan, Qi, and Yin. One county: Fuyi. Four supervisory offices: Nanjing, Xijing, Fengsheng prefecture, and Ping prefecture. Two shile: called Xu and called Sulu.
7
Four wali: called Hebu, called Tasa, called Manya, and called Huchi. Four moli: called Shan, called Yudun, called Gutu, and called Jiulichan. Two deli: called Shulei North. and called Shulei South.
8
The Guoalian orudo, established by Taizong. In the national language it is called "Guoalian." This is the Yongxing Palace, originally named the Guwen orudo. It was established from Taizu's Bohai captives, the Tokyo and Huaizhou supervisory offices, and households of Huairen county in Yun prefecture, Luanhe county in Ze prefecture, and the like. Its orudo was on the bank of the Yougu River. The tomb was thirty li south of Huaizhou. Regular households 3,000; tribal and Han rotational households 7,000; fielding 5,000 cavalry.
9
西
Four prefectures: Huai, Qian, Kai, and Lai. Two counties: Baohe and Luanhe. Four supervisory offices: Nanjing, Xijing, Fengsheng prefecture, and Ping prefecture. One shile: North Nügu.
10
Four wali: called Mo, called Mu, called Helizhi, and called Shulei.
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Thirteen moli: called Shuleizhen, called Dagejie, called Xiaogejie, called Mu, called Guihuabushu, called Tangkuo, called Tugu, called Bai'erguate, called Helubuzhi, called Yimabuzhi, called Shan, called Qingzhi, and called Suwen.
12
Seven zhazha: called Bodebu, called Shouhuo, called Xueguzhi, called Hebupinni, called Hulihuo, called Yelizhijieshi, and called Sengyinlinggong.
13
The Yeluwan orudo, established by Shizong. In the national language "flourishing" is "Yeluwan." This is the Jiqing Palace. It was established from the Literary Emperor's guard retinue and Taizu's captives, the Yun prefecture supervisory office, and households of Gao, Yi, and other prefectures. Its orudo was east of the Tu River; the tomb was north of Changning Palace. Regular households 5,000; tribal and Han rotational households 8,000; fielding 8,000 cavalry.
14
Three prefectures: Kang, Xian, and Yi. One county: Shandong. Four supervisory offices. One shile: Xila.
15
Eight wali: called Dasa, called Hebu, called Xilie, called Bili, called Tanma, called Shuobu, called Yelizhi, and called Yeluwuye.
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Ten moli: called Hesizhi, called Mange, called Jueli, called Tanmate, called Chulan, called Suhuluwan, called Dielide, called Yanma, called Dielite, and called Nügu.
17
The Pusuwan orudo, established by Empress Yingtian. In the national language "prosperity" is "Pusuwan." This is the Changning Palace. It was established from households of Liaozhou and Haibin county and the like. Its orudo was at Gaozhou; the tomb was a hundred li east of Longhua prefecture. Shizong apportioned part of it to the palace establishment of the Emperor Who Yielded the State. Regular households 7,000; tribal and Han rotational households 6,000; fielding 5,000 cavalry.
18
西
Four prefectures: Liao, Yikun, Liaoxi, and Xian. Three counties: Fengxian, Guiyi, and Dingba. Four supervisory offices. One shile: North Nügu.
19
Six wali: called Tanma, called Hebu, called Dasa, called Manya, called Yelizhi, and called Hunzhi.
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西西
Thirteen moli: called Hundeyilinshaowazhi, called Hesibeilayintielibeishaozhi, called Duoluoguozhi, called Nagezhi, called Helizhi, called Pohunkunmuwen, called Aluaideben, called East Silimen, called West Silimen, called East Jueli, called West Jueli, called Diedezhi, and called Miemulinmu.
21
The Duoliben orudo, established by Muzong. This is the Yanchang Palace. In the national language "pacification" is "Duoliben." It was established from households of the Guoalian orudo and Zubu captives, the Zhongjing supervisory office, the Nanjing pacification office, and households of Xian, Xin, Han, and other prefectures. Its orudo was south of Jiuyali Mountain; the tomb was south of the capital.
22
Regular households 1,000; tribal and Han rotational households 3,000; fielding 2,000 cavalry. Two prefectures: Sui and Han. Three supervisory offices: Zhongjing, Nanjing, and Ping prefecture. One shile: called Xu.
23
Four wali: called Mogugudeng, called Wumo, called Tanma, and called Helizhi.
24
Four moli: called Mogudengwumomie, called Tumuzhiyilin, called Xizhoujueli, and called Moguiduoshi.
25
The Jianmu orudo, established by Jingzong. This is the Zhangmin Palace. In the national language "legacy" is "Jianmu. It was established from the Zhangsu Emperor's bodyguard and households of Wu'an prefecture. Its orudo was on the Helu River; the tomb was south of Zu prefecture. Regular households 8,000; tribal and Han rotational households 10,000; fielding 10,000 cavalry.
26
Four prefectures: Yong, Longhua, Jiangsheng, and Tong. Two counties: Xingtang and Fusu. Four supervisory offices. Two shile: called Jianmu and called South Nügu.
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Seven wali: called Tanma, called Xilie, called Aihelizhi, called Manyage, called Temo, called Wuye, and called Miehelizhi.
28
Eleven moli: called Nimuhuolieyinshaowazhi, called Chagaiyinmadebu, called Yishilinwazhi, called Xingubuzhi, called Sagai zhen, called Yagezhi, called Huohuo'ailin, called Pokun, called Tanma, called Zhala, and called Chuwuzhenguolin.
29
The Guwen orudo, established by Empress Chengtian. This is the Chongde Palace. In the national language "jade" is "Guwen." It was established from households of Qian, Xian, and Shuang prefectures. Its orudo was east of the Tu River; the tomb adjoined Emperor Jingzong's. Regular households 6,000; tribal and Han rotational households 10,000; fielding 10,000 cavalry.
30
西
Four prefectures: Qianchuan, Shuang, and Guide. One county: Lu Shangjing. Three supervisory offices: Nanjing, Xijing, and Fengsheng prefecture. Three shile: called Jueli, called Pang, and called Dielite Nügu.
31
Seven wali: called Dasa, called Yeli, called Hebu, called Xiebu, called Helizhi, called Manya, and called Yelizhi.
32
Eleven moli: called Ali'sizhi Shulei, called Yuduwenshaowazhi, called Tanma, called Lin Yuduwen Yila, called Yagezhi, called Diedezhi, called Huwen, called Guwen, called Saliseng, called Ali'gesiguolin, and called Tieliguaiwen Jueli.
33
Five zhazha: called Hebuzhi Milijipinni, called Die'erge Taibaoguozhi, called Zhuali'aben Guozhi, called Sengyinlinggong Guozhi, and called Laokunlinggong Guozhi.
34
The Nügu orudo, established by Shengzong. This is the Xingsheng Palace. In the national language "gold" is "Nügu." It was established from households of the Guoalian, Yeluwan, and Pusuwan orudo. Its orudo was at Nühunhuozhi; the tomb was at the southern peace of Qing prefecture. Regular households 10,000; tribal and Han rotational households 20,000; fielding 5,000 cavalry.
35
Five prefectures: Qing, Xi, Wu Shangjing, Wu Dongjing, and Ba. Four supervisory offices.
36
Four shile: called Haowuzhen Nügu, called Nawuzhen Nüshi, called Nütelite, and called Nügu Pang. Six wali: called Nügu, called Pusuwan, called Gudu, called Yidi, called Weng, and called Aiye.
37
Nine moli: called Yixinbuzhi, called Tiegaiwen, called Aihelizhi, called Chaogui, called Helushan Xueguzhi, called Duote Paideng Xueguzhi, called Laogu, called Xusha, and called Tulin.
38
Five zhazha: called Dalinpinni, called Helilanni, called Zhua'abujuezhen, called Nian Duliseng, and called Paoda Furen Juezhi.
39
西
The Woduwang orudo, established by Xingzong. This is the Yanqing Palace. In the national language "increase and breed" is "Woduwang." It was established from the various orudo and households of Rao prefecture. Its orudo was west of Gaozhou; the tomb was at Shangjing Qing prefecture. Regular households 7,000; tribal and Han rotational households 10,000; fielding 10,000 cavalry.
40
Three prefectures: Rao, Changchun, and Tai. Four supervisory offices. Two shile: called Woduwang and called Gudugu.
41
Six wali: called Woduwang, called Siba, called Si'a, called Jiuli, called Deli, and called Oulie.
42
Six moli: called Ouliben, called Yansi, called Miansi, called Yiseng, called North Deli, and called South Deli.
43
The Asi orudo, established by Daozong. This is the Taihe Palace. In the national language "broad and generous" is "Asi." It was established from attendants before the throne of the various orudo and households of Xingzhong prefecture. Its orudo was at Haoshui Bo; the tomb was at Shangjing Qing prefecture. Regular households 10,000; tribal and Han rotational households 20,000; fielding 15,000 cavalry.
44
Two shile: called Asi and called Yelu.
45
Eight wali: called Asi, called Yelu, called Deli, called Jiuli, called Sabu, called Gudu, called Pusuwo, and called Helie.
46
滿
Seven moli: called Enzhou Deli, called Woshe Deli, called Ouliben, called Teman, called Chala Tulin, called Jiuli, and called Ali'si Milijipinni.
47
The Aluwan orudo, established by Emperor Tianzuo. This is the Yongchang Palace. In the national language "aid and support" is "Aluwan." It was established from attendants before the throne of the various orudo and households of Chun and Xuan prefectures. Regular households 8,000; tribal and Han rotational households 10,000; fielding 10,000 cavalry. Two shile: called Aluwan and called Yuluwan.
48
Eight wali: called Aluwo, called Heliye, called Gutu, called Dila, called Moluwo, called Jiuli, called Duolili, and called Temoye.
49
滿
Eight moli: called Pusuwan, called Yinian, called Woduwang, called Teman, called Moluwan, called Yidian, called Yue, and called Bodeben.
50
西
The Literary Emperor's younger brother's Dunmu Palace was called the Chishideben orudo. In the national language "filial piety" is "Chishideben." It was established from the Literary Emperor's attendants and Bohai captives and households of Jian, Shen, and Yan prefectures. The tomb was thirty li southwest of Zu prefecture. Regular households 3,000; tribal and Han rotational households 5,000; fielding 5,000 cavalry.
51
Three prefectures: Jian, Shen, and Yan. One supervisory office: Nanjing. Two shile: called Chao and called Yudun.
52
Six wali: called Yixin, called Deli, called Xiliezhi, called Great Tanma, called Small Tanma, and called Yudun. Two moli: called Tanma Mogai and called Liushi. Two zhazha: called Erchenpinni and called Dalipinni.
53
Grand Chancellor and Prince of Jin Yelü Longyun was originally of the Han clan, named Derang. For merit he was granted the imperial surname, removed from the palace register, and attached to the Horizontal-Banner Younger-Father house. Posthumously made Minister President and given the posthumous name Wenzhong. He had no sons; the imperial clansman Prince of Wei Tiebu's son Yelu was made heir but died young, and Emperor Tianzuo then made Prince Aoluwo his successor. The state supplied funeral goods and a temple was built beside Qianling. Following the precedent of the palaces, the Wenzhong Princely Residence was established. Regular households 5,000; tribal and Han rotational households 8,000; fielding 10,000 cavalry.
54
西
One prefecture. Six supervisory offices: Shangjing, Zhongjing, Nanjing, Xijing, Fengsheng prefecture, and Ping prefecture. Registered-Household Gentlemen
55
Registered-household gentlemen: At first, when Yaolian Hendejin Khan had the three clans of Puguzhi and others kill Yuyue Shilu, their families were confiscated and entered the wali. Empress Chunqin took charge of them and made them registered-household gentlemen. Shizong pardoned them all. Those of collateral clans, affinal kin, and hereditary offices who committed crimes were confiscated and entered.
56
Registered Households
57
Registered households: originally drawn out from the various orudo, and those confiscated for various crimes. All duties such as attendant pages, treasury keepers, hawk yards, medicinal broths, beverage service, washing, cuisine, wardrobe, tailoring, and the like, as well as palace and princely attendants and actors, were filled from them.
58
In all the palace guards had 408,000 persons and 101,000 cavalry. Registered households pardoned or confiscated increased or decreased with the times; there was no fixed quota.
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