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儀衛誌四 〈（儀仗）〉
Ceremonial Guards, Part Four (Ceremonial Paraphernalia)〉
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帝王處則重門擊柝，出則以師兵為營衛，勞人動眾，豈得已哉。 天下大患生於大欲，不得不遠慮深防耳。 智英勇傑、魁臣雄藩於是乎在，寓武備於文物之中，此儀仗所由設也。 金吾、黃麾六軍之仗，遼受之晉，晉受之後唐，後唐受之梁、唐，其來也有自。 耶律儼、陳大任舊《志》有未備者，兼考之《遼朝雜禮》雲。
When emperors stay in the palace, heavy gates are barred and the night-watch is beaten; when they travel abroad, armies must serve as their camp guard. Such measures burden the people and mobilize great crowds—yet can any ruler truly do without them? The greatest perils facing the realm spring from unchecked ambition; a ruler has no choice but to plan far ahead and guard against every threat. It is here that the brave, the wise, and the valiant stand together with eminent ministers and powerful frontier lords, with martial readiness concealed within ceremonial regalia. This is why ceremonial guard paraphernalia was instituted. The regalia of the Jinwu Guards, the Yellow Banner, and the Six Armies: the Liao inherited it from the Jin, the Jin from Later Tang, and Later Tang from Liang and Tang—each transmission had its own lineage. Where the earlier monographs by Yelü Yi and Chen Daren were incomplete, the Miscellaneous Rites of the Liao Dynasty was consulted as well.
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○國仗
○ National Paraphernalia
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王通氏言，舜歲遍四嶽，民不告勞，營衛省、征求寡耳。 遼太祖匹馬一麾，斥地萬里，經營四方，未嘗寧居，所至樂從，用此道也。 太宗兼制中國，秦皇、漢武之儀文日至，後嗣因之。 旄頭豹尾，馳驅五京之間，終歲勤動，轍跡相尋。 民勞財匱，此之故歟！ 遼自大賀氏摩會受唐鼓纛之賜，是為國仗。 其制甚簡，太宗伐唐、晉以前，所用皆是物也。 著於篇首以見艱難創業之主，豈必厚衛其身雲。
Wang Tong observed that even when Emperor Shun toured the four sacred peaks every year, the people did not complain of exhaustion, because his camp guards were few and his levies light. Emperor Taizu of Liao, with a single horse and one command, extended his domain ten thousand li and toured the four quarters without ever settling in one place; wherever he went, people gladly followed—he employed this same principle. Emperor Taizong also ruled China, and each day brought more of the ceremonial protocol of the First Emperor of Qin and Emperor Wu of Han; his successors followed suit. With yak-tail banners and leopard-tail insignia, they raced among the Five Capitals, laboring throughout the year so that wagon ruts followed one upon another. The people grew weary and the treasury ran dry—was this not the cause? From the time the Mohe clan of the Greater He received Tang's gift of drums and banners, this became the Liao national regalia. Its regulations were quite simple; before Emperor Taizong's campaigns against Tang and Jin, everything used was of this sort. It is placed at the head of the chapter to show a founder who toiled through hardship to build the realm—not one who necessarily sought lavish personal protection.
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十二神纛十二旗十二鼓曲柄華蓋
Twelve spirit banners, twelve flags, twelve drums, and curved-handle parasols
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直柄華蓋
Straight-handle parasols
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渤海仗
Bohai Regalia
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天顯四年，太宗幸遼陽府，人皇王備乘輿羽衛以迎。 乾亨五年，聖宗東巡，東京留守具儀衛迎車駕。 此故渤海儀衛也。 漢仗
In the fourth year of the Tianxian era (929), Emperor Taizong visited Liaoyang Prefecture, and the Human Emperor King prepared the imperial carriage and feathered guard to welcome him. In the fifth year of the Qianheng era (983), Emperor Shengzong toured the east, and the regent at the Eastern Capital prepared the ceremonial guard to welcome the imperial procession. This was the ceremonial guard inherited from Bohai. Han Regalia
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大賀失活入朝於唐，娑固兄弟繼之，尚主封王，飫觀上國。 開元東封，邵固扈從，又覽太平之盛。 自是朝貢歲至於唐。 遼始祖涅裏立遙輦氏，世為國相，目見耳聞，歆企帝王之容輝有年矣。 遙輦致鼓纛於太祖帳前，曾何足以副其雄心霸氣之所睥睨哉！ 厥後交梁聘唐，不憚勞珝。 至於太宗，立晉以要冊禮，入汴而收法物，然後累世之所願欲者，一舉而得之。 太原擅命，力非不敵，席卷法物，先致中京，槊棄山河，不少顧慮，誌可知矣。 於是秦、漢以來帝王文物盡入於遼； 周、宋按圖更制，乃非故物。 遼之所重，此其大端，故特著焉。
Da He Shihuo attended court at Tang; the Suogu brothers succeeded him, married imperial princesses and were enfeoffed as kings, and feasted their eyes on the splendors of the Tang court. At the Kaiyuan eastern feng sacrifice, Shaogu followed in attendance and again beheld the grandeur of the High Tang. From then on, tribute missions arrived at Tang every year. The founding ancestor of Liao, Nieli, established the Yaonian clan and served for generations as chief minister of state; through what he saw and heard, he had long admired and yearned for the splendor of the Tang emperors. When the Yaonian clan presented drums and banners before Taizu's tent, how could such gifts ever satisfy the soaring ambitions his hegemonic spirit had long fixed upon! Thereafter they exchanged embassies with Liang and sent missions to Tang, undaunted by the hardships of the journey. When it came to Emperor Taizong, he installed Later Jin to demand investiture rites, entered Bianjing and seized the ritual regalia—and thus what generations had long desired was obtained at last in a single stroke. When Taiyuan acted on its own authority, its strength was hardly inferior—yet it swept up the ritual regalia and sent them first to Zhongjing, casting aside mountains and rivers with scarcely a second thought. Its priorities are plain enough. Thus the ritual regalia of emperors since Qin and Han all passed into Liao hands; while Zhou and Song remade their own according to diagrams—they were no longer the original objects. This was the great matter that Liao prized above all, and therefore it is given special record here.
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三年，上在薊州觀《導駕儀衛圖》，遂備法駕幸燕，禦元和殿，行入閣禮。 六年，備法駕幸燕，迎導禦元和殿。
In the third year, the emperor viewed the Diagram of Escort Ceremonial Guards at Jizhou, then prepared the full imperial equipage to visit Yan, ascended the Yuanhe Hall, and performed the entering-the-pavilion rite. In the sixth year, he again prepared the full imperial equipage to visit Yan and was escorted to the Yuanhe Hall.
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大同元年正月朔，備法駕至汴，上御崇元殿，受文武百僚朝賀。 自是日以為常。 二月朔，上御崇元殿，備禮受朝賀。 三月，將幸中京鎮陽，詔收鹵簿法物，委所司押領先往。 未幾鎮陽入漢，鹵簿法物隨世宗歸於上京。 四月，皇太弟李胡遣使問軍事，上報曰，朝會起居如禮。 是月，太宗崩，世宗即位，鹵簿法物備而不禦。
On the first day of the first month of the first year of Datong (947), with full imperial equipage he reached Bianjing; the emperor ascended the Chongyuan Hall and received the civil and military officials in court congratulation. From then on this became the daily routine. On the first day of the second month, the emperor ascended the Chongyuan Hall, performed the full rites, and received court congratulation. In the third month, as he prepared to visit Zhongjing at Zhenyang, an edict ordered the collection of outer-guard ritual regalia and directed the responsible offices to escort them ahead. Before long Zhenyang fell to the Han, and the outer-guard ritual regalia followed Emperor Shizong back to the Upper Capital. In the fourth month, the Imperial Younger Brother Li Hu sent envoys to inquire about military affairs; the emperor reported that court assemblies and daily conduct proceeded according to ritual. That month Emperor Taizong died and Emperor Shizong succeeded to the throne; the outer-guard ritual regalia were prepared but not employed.
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穆宗應歷元年，詔朝會依嗣聖皇帝故事，用漢禮。
In the first year of the Yingli era (951), Emperor Muzong issued an edict directing that court assemblies follow the precedent of the Succession Sage Emperor and employ Han rites.
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四年，燕京留守具儀衛導駕入京，上御元和殿，百僚朝賀。 是後，儀衛常事，史不復書。 鹵簿儀仗人數馬匹
In the fourth year, the regent at Yanjing prepared the ceremonial guard to escort the imperial procession into the capital; the emperor ascended the Yuanhe Hall, and the officials offered court congratulation. Thereafter, routine matters of ceremonial guard were no longer recorded in the histories. Outer Guard Ceremonial Paraphernalia: Personnel and Horses
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步行擎執二千四百一十二人，坐馬擎執二百七十五人，坐馬樂人二百七十三人，步行教坊人七十一人，御馬牽攏官五十二人，御馬二十六匹，官僚馬牽攏官六十六人，坐馬掛甲人五百九十八人，步行掛甲人百六十人，金甲二人，神輿十二人，長壽仙一人，諸職官等三百五人，內侍一人，引稍押衙二人，赤縣令一人，府牧一人，府吏二人，少尹一人，司錄一人，功曹一人，太常少卿一人，太常丞一人，太常博士一人，司徒一人，太僕卿一人，鴻臚卿一人，大理卿一人，御史大夫一人，侍御史二人，殿中侍御史二人，監察御史一人，兵部尚書一人，兵部侍郎一人，兵部郎中一人，兵部員外郎一人，符寶郎一人，左右諸衛將軍三十五人，左右諸折沖二十一人，左右諸果毅二十八人，尚乘奉御二人，排仗承直二人，左右夾騎二人，都頭六人，主帥一十四人 〈（教坊司差）〉 押纛二人，左右金吾四人，虞候佽飛一十六人，鼓吹令二人，漏刻生二人，押當官一人，司天監一人，令史一人，司辰一人，統軍六人，千牛備身二人，左右親勛二人，左右郎將四人，左右拾遺二人，左右補闕二人，起居舍人一人，左右諫議大夫二人，給事中書舍人二人，左右散騎常侍二人，門下侍郎二人，中書侍郎二人，鳴鞭二人 〈（內侍內差）〉 ，侍中一人，中書令一人，監門校尉二人，排列官二人，武衛隊正一人，隨駕諸司供奉官三十人，三班供奉官六十人，通事舍人四人，御史中丞二人，乘黃丞二人，都尉一人，太僕卿一人，步行太卜令一人。 職官乘馬三百四匹，進馬四匹，駕車馬二十八匹。 人之數凡四千二百三十有九，馬之數凡千五百二十。
On foot bearing regalia: 2,412 persons; mounted bearers: 275; mounted musicians: 273; on-foot Directorate of Music personnel: 71; imperial horse handlers: 52; imperial horses: 26; bureaucratic horse handlers: 66; mounted armored guards: 598; on-foot armored guards: 160; golden-armored guards: 2; spirit carriages: 12; Longevity Immortal: 1; assorted officeholders: 305; inner attendant: 1; lead-ya guards: 2; chief magistrate of a metropolitan county: 1; prefect: 1; prefectural clerks: 2; junior prefectural administrator: 1; registrar: 1; merit officer: 1; Vice Minister of Rites: 1; Rites Aide: 1; Rites Academician: 1; Minister over the Masses: 1; Minister of the Imperial Stud: 1; Minister of Ceremonies: 1; Minister of Justice: 1; Censor-in-Chief: 1; Attending Censors: 2; Palace Attending Censors: 2; Investigating Censor: 1; Minister of War: 1; Vice Minister of War: 1; Director of the War Bureau: 1; Vice Director of the War Bureau: 1; Talisman Treasure Attendant: 1; generals of the left and right guard units: 35; left and right chongche officers: 21; left and right guoyi officers: 28; imperial mount attendants: 2; formation arrangement duty officers: 2; left and right flanking riders: 2; squad chiefs: 6; commanders: 14 (Directorate of Music assignment)〉 banner escorts: 2; left and right Jinwu guards: 4; yuhou yifei: 16; directors of wind and percussion: 2; clepsydra keepers: 2; duty officer: 1; director of the Directorate of Astronomy: 1; clerk: 1; timekeeper: 1; army commanders: 6; thousand-ox bodyguards: 2; left and right qinxun: 2; left and right langjiang: 4; left and right remonstrance officials: 2; left and right supplementation-and-omission officials: 2; daily conduct secretary: 1; left and right remonstrance grandees: 2; drafting attendant and secretariat drafters: 2; left and right regular attendants of the scattered cavalry: 2; vice ministers of the gate: 2; vice ministers of the secretariat: 2; whip-crackers: 2 (Inner Attendant assignment)〉 , Attendant-in-Chief: 1; Secretariat Director: 1; gate guard commandants: 2; formation arrangers: 2; martial guard squad chief: 1; attendance officials of various offices following the procession: 30; three-rank attendance officials: 60; communication affairs secretaries: 4; vice censors-in-chief: 2; imperial carriage aides: 2; commandant: 1; Minister of the Imperial Stud: 1; on-foot Director of Divination: 1. Horses ridden by officeholders: 304; tribute horses: 4; carriage horses: 28. The total number of personnel was 4,239; the total number of horses was 1,520.
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得諸本朝太常卿徐世隆家藏《遼朝雜禮》者如是。 至於儀註之詳，不敢傅會雲。
This is as recorded in the Miscellaneous Rites of the Liao Dynasty, preserved in the household collection of Xu Shilong, Director of Rites of our dynasty. As for the finer points of ceremonial protocol, I dare not force a conflation where the sources do not agree.