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卷六十四 表第二: 皇子表

Volume 64 Tables 2: Emperors' Sons

Chapter 64 of 遼史 · History of Liao
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1
帝官天下，王者家焉。 至于親九族，敬五宗，其揆一也。 三代以上，封建久長，故吳、魯、燕、蔡、衞、晉、鄭，太史遷既著世家，又列年表，不厭其詳。 自漢以降，封建實亡，猶有其名，長世者登世家，自絕者置列傳，然王子侯猶可以年表也。 班固以為文無實，併諸侯削年而表，世君子韙之。 自魏以降，不帝不世，王侯身徙數封，朝不謀夕，於是列而傳之。 功不足以垂法，罪不足以著戒，碌碌然，抑又甚焉。 今摘其功罪傑然者列諸傳； 敍親親之恩，敬長之義，而無他可書者，略表見之，為皇子表。
The Son of Heaven rules the realm, and the king's own household is his domain. Whether in cherishing the nine degrees of kinship or in honoring the five ancestral lines, the underlying principle is the same. Before the Han, feudal enfeoffment had endured for ages, so for Wu, Lu, Yan, Cai, Wei, Jin, and Zheng, Sima Qian wrote both hereditary-house accounts and chronological tables, never tiring of detail. From the Han onward feudal power was gone in fact though the titles remained; long-lived lines went into hereditary houses, extinguished lines into biographies, yet princes and marquises could still be arranged in chronological tables. Ban Gu judged the form empty of substance, merged the feudal lords, and reduced their chronology to tables—a decision later scholars have endorsed. From Wei onward no line held the throne for generations; princes were transferred from fief to fief and could scarcely plan beyond the day, so they were recorded in biographical form instead. Their achievements were too slight to serve as models, their crimes too petty to stand as warnings—mere mediocrity, and often worse. Here we place in biographies only those whose deeds or faults stand out clearly. Those who merit mention chiefly for kinship and for the duty owed to elders, with nothing else worth recording, are set out briefly in tabular form as the Table of Imperial Sons.
帝系名字第行封爵官職功罪薨壽子孫
肅祖四子：昭烈皇后蕭氏生，懿祖第二，見帝紀。洽昚，字牙新。第一。迭剌部夷離菫。有德行。分五石烈為七，六爪為十一。房在五院司。
葛剌，字古昆。第三。舍利。早卒。房在六院司。
洽禮，字敵輦。第四。舍利。房在六院司。
懿祖四子：莊敬皇后蕭氏生，玄祖第三，見帝紀。叔剌。第一。舍利。早卒。
帖剌，字痕得。第二。九任迭剌部夷離菫。卒年七十。六院司，呼為夷離菫房。
褭古直，字巖母根。第四。舍利。善射。年幾冠，墮馬卒。六院司，呼為舍利房。
玄祖四子：簡獻皇后蕭氏生，德祖第四，見帝紀。麻魯。第一。舍利。早卒。
巖木，字敵輦。第二。重熙中，追封蜀國王。三為迭剌部夷離菫。身長八尺，多力，能裂䴥皮。語音如鐘，彌里本嶺去家數里，嘗登嶺呼其從，家人悉聞之。年四十五薨。二子：胡古只，末掇。其後即三父房之孟父。
釋魯，字述瀾。第三。重熙中，追封為隋國王。于越。駢脅多力，賢而有智。先遙輦氏可汗歲貢于突厥，至釋魯為于越始免。教民種樹桑麻。年五十七，為子滑哥所弒。子滑哥。其後即三父房之仲父。
德祖六子：宣簡皇后蕭氏生五子，太祖第一，見帝紀。剌葛，字率懶。第二太祖即位，為惕隱，改迭剌部夷離菫。為愓隱，討涅烈部，破之，改為迭剌部夷離菫。從太祖親征，統本部兵攻下平州。性愚險。破涅烈部而驕，與弟迭剌、安端等謀亂。事覺，按問，具伏，太祖令誓而捨之。太祖曰：「汝謀此事，不過欲富貴爾。」出為迭剌部夷離菫。復謀為亂，誘羣弟據西山以阻歸路，太祖聞而避之，次赤水城。剌葛詐降，復使神速焚明王樓，大掠而去。至擘只、喝只二河，至擘只喝只二河按紀太祖二年四月作培只河、柴河。與追兵戰，眾潰。及鴨里河，女骨部人邀擊之，剌葛輕騎遁去。至榆河，先鋒敵魯生擒之。太祖念其同氣，不忍加刑，杖而釋之。神冊二年，南奔。自幽州南竄，為人所殺。子賽保。即三父房之季父。
迭剌，字雲獨昆。第三。天顯元年，為中臺省左大相。性敏給。太祖曰：「迭剌之智，卒然圖功，吾所不及；緩以謀事，不如我。」回鶻使至，無能通其語者，太后謂太祖曰：「迭剌聰敏可使。」遣迓之。相從二旬，能習其言與書，因制契丹小字，數少而該貫。與兄剌葛謀反，剌葛遁，迭剌與安端降，太祖杖而釋之。神冊三年，欲南奔，事覺，親戚請免於上，又赦之。
寅底石，字阿辛。第四。重熙間，追封許國王。太祖遺詔寅底石守太師、政事令，輔東丹王。生而闇懦。與兄剌葛作亂，兵敗，太祖赦之。後復與剌葛遁至榆河，自刺不死，被擒，太祖釋之。太祖命輔東丹王，淳欽皇后遣司徒劃沙殺于路。孫阿烈。
安端，字猥隱第五。天祿初，以功王東丹國，賜號明王。神冊三年，為惕隱。天顯四年，為北院夷離菫。天顯四年為北院夷離菫天顯，原誤「天贊」。按紀天顯元年安端猶為惕隱，時北院夷離菫為斜涅赤。卷七三耶律斜涅赤傳斜涅赤天顯中卒。安端繼之。據改。神冊三年，討平雲州。天顯元年，征渤海，神冊三年討平雲州天顯元年征渤海三年原誤「元年」，天顯原誤「天贊」。按紀神冊三年正月攻雲州，天顯元年正月征渤海，據改。破老相兵三萬餘人；安邊、鄚頡、定理三府叛，平之。太宗即位，有定策功，會同中，伐晉，率兵先出雁門，下忻、代。世宗初立，以兵往應，及李胡戰于泰德泉，敗之。與兄剌葛謀亂，妻粘睦姑告變，太祖誓而免之。復叛，兵敗，見擒，杖而釋之。子察割弒逆被誅，穆宗赦通謀罪，放歸田里。
蘇，字獨昆。第六。神冊五年，為惕隱。六年，為南府宰相。言無隱情，太祖尤愛之。滄州節度使劉守文求救，太祖命往救，解滄州圍。剌葛詐降，蘇往來其間。既平，蘇力為多。天贊三年，與迭里略地西南。天顯初，征渤海，攻破忽汗城，大諲譔降。性柔順，事上忠謹。太祖二十功臣，蘇居其一。在南府，以賄聞，民頗怨。征渤海國還，薨。已上並係季父房。
太祖四子：淳欽皇后蕭氏生三子，太宗第二，見帝紀。倍，小字圖欲，唐明宗賜姓東丹，名慕華，改賜姓李，名贊華。第一。神冊元年，立為皇太子。天顯元年，為東丹國人皇王，建元甘露，稱制行事，置左右大相及百官，一用漢法。太宗立詔居東平郡，升為南京。太宗諡曰文武元皇王。世宗諡讓國皇帝。統和中，更諡文獻皇帝。重熙二十一年，增諡文獻欽義皇帝。唐遣人來招，倍浮海奔唐，唐人迎以天子儀衞改瑞州為懷化軍，拜懷化軍節度使，瑞、慎等州觀察使。移鎮滑州。召入，遙領虔州節度使。聰敏好學，通陰陽、醫藥、箴灸之術，知音律，善畫，工文章。太祖征烏古、党項，倍為先鋒都統。經略燕地，至定州。聞太祖與李存勗相拒于雲碧店，引兵馳赴，存勗退走。陳渤海可取之計。天顯元年，從征渤海，拔扶餘城，太祖欲括戶口，諫止，且勸乘勢攻忽汗城，夜圍降之。唐李從珂自立，密報太宗曰：「從珂弒君，不可不討。」外寬內忍，刻急，喜殺人。唐主從珂將自焚，遣壯士李彥紳害之，薨年三十八，葬醫巫閭山。子婁國、隆先、道隱。已下並係橫帳。
李胡，一名洪古，字奚隱。第三。天顯五年，立為皇太弟。統和中，追諡欽順皇帝。統和中追諡欽順皇帝中字原脫，據卷七二本傳補。欽順，紀重熙二十一年九月及遼文匯六韓橁墓誌均作恭順，此與本傳作欽順者，因陳大任避金章宗父允恭名改。重熙二十一年，更諡章肅皇帝。天顯五年，兼天下兵馬大元帥。勇悍多力。天顯五年，徇代北，攻寰州，多俘而還。太宗凡親征，常留守京師。性酷忍，小怒，輒黥人面，或投水火中。世宗即位于鎮陽，太后怒，遣李胡將兵往擊，至泰德泉，為安端、劉哥所敗。耶律屋質諫太后，李胡作色曰：「我在，兀欲安得立﹖」屋質曰：「民心畏公酷暴，無如之何！」太后曰：「我與太祖愛汝異於諸子。諺曰：『偏憐之子不保業，難得之婦不主家。』我非不欲立汝，汝自不能矣。」李胡往世宗軍議和，解劎而後見。和約定，趨上京。有告李胡與太后謀廢立，徙祖州。穆宗時，喜隱反，辭連李胡，囚之。死于囚所，年五十，葬玉峯山西谷。二子：宋王喜隱、衞王宛。
宮人蕭氏生一子。牙里果，字敵輦。第四。自晉還，始為惕隱。性沉默，善騎射。天顯三年，救耶律沙于定州，為李嗣源所獲，至石晉立，始得還。以病薨。二子：敵烈、奚底，皆知名。
太宗五子：靖安皇后蕭氏生二子，穆宗第一，見帝紀。罨撤葛。第二。會同元年，封太平王。會同元年封太平王按紀封罨撒葛為太平王在會同二年三月。世宗詔許與晉主往復以昆弟禮。景宗封齊王，贈皇太叔，諡欽靖。穆宗委以國政。謀亂，令司天魏璘卜日，覺，貶西北邊戍。景宗即位，撒葛懼，竄于大漠，召還，釋其罪。保寧四年，病疽薨。
宮人蕭氏生三子。天德，字苾扇。第三。猛悍趫捷，人望而畏。太宗討石重貴，至望都，晉將杜重威率兵十萬先據河梁。上欲以計破之，募能斷糧道者，天德請以五千騎行。許之。從間道擊走衞送之軍，火其輜重。重威窮蹙，乃降。會同三年，與邸用和使晉。世宗即位，遣天德護送太宗靈柩于上京。太后遣李胡拒世宗，遇耶律留哥等于泰德泉，戰甚力，敗之。與李胡戰于泰德泉，太后聞之不悅，後不復用。與侍衞蕭翰謀反，繫獄。耶律留哥、盆都等辭連天德，併按之。天德斷鎖，不能出。天祿二年，伏誅。
敵烈，字巴速菫。第四。保寧初，封冀王。多力善射。保寧初，宋人侵漢，與南府宰相耶律沙將兵往援，却敵而還。與宣徽使耶律海思等謀反，事覺，穆宗釋之。乾亨初，宋主攻河東，至白馬嶺，敵烈以先鋒度澗，未半，宋軍逆繫，師潰。歿于陣。子哇哥，白馬嶺之敗俱歿。
必攝，字箴菫。第五。景宗封為越王。景宗封為越王景宗，原誤「穆宗」。按紀封越王在保寧元年四月，據改。應曆間，族人恒特及蕭啜里有罪，欲亡，必攝密以聞。上以為忠，常以侍從。上好畜鹿，有傷斃及逸去，即殺主者。適欲誅一監養鹿官，必攝諫而免。景宗時，討党項有功。以疾薨。
世宗三子：景宗第二。吼阿不。第一。舊史皇族傳書在第三，且云未詳所出。按景宗本紀云，景宗皇帝，世宗第二子。又按舊史本傳云，景宗立，親祭于墓，追冊為皇太子。當是世宗嫡長子也。景宗立，追冊為皇太子，諡莊聖。早薨。墓號太子院。
妃甄氏生一子。只沒，只沒按紀統和元年正月作先帝庶兄質睦。字和魯菫。第三。舊史皇族傳書在第一。景宗封為寧王，保寧八年奪爵。統和元年，皇太后稱制，詔復舊爵。敏給好學，通契丹、漢字，能詩。統和元年，應皇太后命，賦移芍藥詩。應曆末，與宮人私通，上聞，怒，榜掠數百，刺一目而宮之，繫獄，將棄市。景宗即位，釋之，賜以所私宮人。保寧八年，妻造鴆毒，奪爵，貶烏古部。賦放鶴詩，徵還。
景宗四子：睿智皇后蕭氏生三子，聖宗第一，見帝紀。隆慶，字燕隱，小字普賢奴。第二。八歲封恒王。統和十六年，徙王梁國。開泰初，更王晉國，進王秦晉，追贈皇太弟。初兼侍中。統和中，拜南京留守。開泰初，加守太師，兼政事令，尋拜大元帥，賜金券。統和十七年南征，為先鋒，至瀛州，遇宋將范庭召列陣以待。隆慶遣蕭柳擊敗之，逃入空墅，圍而盡殪。十九年，復敗宋人于行唐。入覲，還至北安州，浴溫泉，疾薨，葬醫巫閭山。子五人：查葛、遂哥、謝家奴、驢糞、蘇撒。
隆祐，小字高七，一字胡都菫。第三。乾享初，封鄭王。統和中，徙王吳，更王楚。開泰初，改王齊。開泰初改王齊初，原作「中」。按紀開泰元年二月，楚國王隆祐徙封齊國王。據改。諡仁孝。重熙間，改諡孝靖。統和中伐宋，留守京師，拜西南面招討使。及征高麗，復留守京師，權知北院樞密使。出守東京。贈守太師。開泰元年薨。子三人：胡都古、合祿、貼不。
一子不詳所出。藥師奴。第四。早卒，葬王子院。
聖宗六子：欽哀皇后蕭氏生二子，興宗第一，見帝紀。重元，小字孛吉只。第二。太平三年，封秦國王。興宗立為皇太弟，賜金券。道宗冊為皇太叔，免拜，不名，復賜金券。歷南、北院樞密使，南京留守，知元帥府事。道宗拜天下兵馬大元帥。聖宗崩，欽哀皇后稱制，密謀立重元，重元以所謀白於上，上益重之。後雖處戎職，未嘗離輦下，尊寵古未之有。清寧九年，車駕秋獵灤水，重元子涅魯古與陳六、蕭胡覩等四百餘人謀反，誘脅弩手軍攻行宮。將戰，其黨多悔過効順，各奔潰。重元奔走大漠，歎曰：「涅魯古使我至此。」謀反，軍潰，自殺。子涅魯古謀反，戰歿。
一子未詳所出。別古特，字撒懶。第三。重熙中，封柳城郡王。太平七年，遙領彰信軍節度使，為王子郎君班詳穩。重熙中，累遷契丹行宮都部署。明敏，善射。討夏國，督戰有功。討夏軍還，薨。
僕隗氏生二子。吳哥，字洪隱。第四。燕王。開泰二年，為惕隱，出為南京留守。薨于南京。四世孫敵烈、朮烈。朮烈繼梁王雅里稱帝。
狗兒，字屠魯昆。第五。太平元年，拜南府宰相。暴疾薨。
姜氏生一子。侯古，字訛里本。第六。重熙十七年，封饒樂郡王。重熙十七年封饒樂郡王原脫「十」字。按紀在十七年十一月，據補。咸雍中，徙混同郡王。重熙初，王子郎君班詳穩，後為上京留守。薨于上京。
興宗三子：仁懿皇后蕭氏生三子，道宗第一，見帝紀。和魯斡，字阿輦。第二。重熙十七年，封越王。清寧初，徙王魯，進王宋魏。乾統三年，冊為皇太叔。清寧中，拜上京留守，改南京留守。乾統初，為天下兵馬大元帥，加守太師，免拜，不名。三年，為惕隱，加義和仁壽之號，復守南京。三年（至）復守南京按紀乾統六年十月，以皇太叔、南京留守和魯斡兼惕隱。義和仁壽之號，紀作義和仁聖。「復守」應作仍守，因惕隱為兼官，並未離去南京留守。重元亂，和魯斡夜赴戰。天祚即位，弛圍場之禁。和魯斡請曰：「天子以巡幸為大事，雖居諒陰，不可廢也。」上以為然，復命有司促備春水之行。從獵于慶州，薨。子三人：石篤、遠、淳。淳封秦晉王，稱帝。
阿璉，字訛里本。第三。重熙十七年，封許王。清寧初，徙陳王、秦王，進封秦越國。追封秦魏國王，諡欽正。清寧中，出為遼興軍節度使。咸雍間，歷西京、上京留守。從車駕秋獵，以疾薨。
道宗一子：宣懿皇后蕭氏生。濬，小字耶魯斡。第一。六歲封梁王，八歲立為皇太子，諡昭懷，以天子禮葬。乾統初，追尊大孝順聖皇帝，廟號順宗。大康元年，兼領北、南院樞密使。兼領北南院樞密使紀大康元年六月稱「詔皇太子總領朝政」。卷七二本傳：「大康元年，兼領北南樞密院事。」幼能言，好學，知書。文帝屢曰：「此子聰慧，殆天授。」七歲從獵，連中，二鹿，上謂左右曰：「祖先騎射絕人，威振天下，是兒雖幼，當不墜祖風。」後復遇十鹿，射之，得九，帝喜，為設宴。年二十，為乙辛誣害，囚上京，見殺，葬玉峰山。子天祚皇帝，諱延禧。
天祚六子：文妃生一子。敖魯斡。第一。出繼大丞相耶律隆運後。初封晉王。喜揚人善，勸其不能，中外稱其長者。保大元年，南軍都統耶律余覩以敖盧斡有人望，與文妃密謀立之，不果，余覩降金，文妃伏誅，敖盧斡不與謀，得免。耶律撒八等復謀立敖盧斡，事覺，或勸之亡，曰：「安忍為蕞爾之軀，失臣子之節！」聞者傷之。保大二年，以得人心縊死。
元妃生一子。雅里，字撒鸞。第二。七歲，欲立為太子，別置禁衞，封梁王。天祚奔夏，眾推稱帝，改元神曆。
四子未詳所出。四子未詳所出按卷七一后𡚱傳德妃生子撻魯。又紀保大元年正月，趙王母昭容。撻魯。第三。燕國王。早薨。
習泥烈。第四趙王。從天祚至白水濼，為金師所獲。
定。第五。秦王。至青塚濼，為金師所獲。
寧。第六。許王。至青塚濼，為金師所獲。
Imperial lineageNameBirth orderTitles and enfeoffmentsOffice heldMeritsCrimesDeath and lifespanDescendants
Suzu had four sons. Yizu, born to Empress Zhaolie of the Xiao clan, was the second; see the Imperial Annals.Qiashen, whose style was Yaxin.First son.Yilijin of the Diela tribe.A man of virtue. He reorganized the five shilie into seven divisions and the six claw into eleven.His lineage was registered in the Five Courts Office.
Gela, whose style was Gukun.Third son.Shel.Died in youth.His lineage was registered in the Six Courts Office.
Qiali, whose style was Dinian.Fourth son.Shel.His lineage was registered in the Six Courts Office.
Yizu had four sons. Xuanzu, born to Empress Zhuangjing of the Xiao clan, was the third; see the Imperial Annals.Shula.First son.Shel.Died in youth.
Tiela, whose style was Hendé.Second son.He served nine terms as yilijin of the Diela tribe.He died at the age of seventy.His lineage in the Six Courts Office was known as the Yilijin house.
Niaoguzhi, whose style was Yanmugen.Fourth son.Shel.A skilled archer.Just before he came of age, he fell from his horse and died.His lineage in the Six Courts Office was known as the Shel house.
Xuanzu had four sons. Dezu, born to Empress Jianxian of the Xiao clan, was the fourth; see the Imperial Annals.Malu.First son.Shel.Died in youth.
Yanmu, whose style was Dinian.Second son.During the Chongxi reign he was posthumously enfeoffed as King of Shu.He served three terms as yilijin of the Diela tribe.He stood eight feet tall and was immensely strong, able to tear deerskin apart. His voice rang like a bell: Miliben Ridge lay only a few li from his home, yet when he climbed it and called his followers, everyone in his household could hear him.He died at the age of forty-five.He had two sons, Huguzhi and Moduo; their line became the Senior Father house among the Three Fathers' Houses.
Shilu, whose style was Shulan.Third son.During the Chongxi reign he was posthumously enfeoffed as King of Sui.Yuyue.Broad-chested and powerful, he was both able and wise. The Yaolian khans of the Remote Chariot clan had long paid annual tribute to the Turks; tribute ceased only when Shilu became yuyue. He taught the people to plant trees, mulberry, and hemp.At the age of fifty-seven he was murdered by his son Huage.His son was Huage; that line became the Middle Father house among the Three Fathers' Houses.
Dezu had six sons. Empress Xuanjian of the Xiao clan bore five of them; Taizu was the first—see the Imperial Annals.Cige, whose style was Shuailan.Second son.When Taizu took the throne, Cige was made tiyin and then appointed yilijin of the Diela tribe.As tiyin he campaigned against the Nielie tribe, broke them, and was reassigned as yilijin of the Diela tribe. He accompanied Taizu in person, leading his tribal forces to take Ping Prefecture.He was dull-witted and treacherous by nature. After crushing the Nielie tribe he grew arrogant and, with his brothers Diela, Anduan, and others, plotted rebellion. When the plot was uncovered and all confessed under interrogation, Taizu bound them by oath and let them go, saying, "You did this only to win wealth and rank." Cige was sent out again as yilijin of the Diela tribe. He rebelled once more, persuading his brothers to seize the western hills and cut off the return route; Taizu learned of it and withdrew, encamping at Chishui City. Cige pretended to submit, then sent Shensu to burn the Bright King Tower and carried off a great plunder. At the Bo'zhi and He'zhi rivers—the annals for the fourth month of Taizu's second year give these as the Peizhi and Chai—he fought the pursuers and his army broke. At the Yali River the Nügu tribe ambushed him, and Cige escaped on a swift horse. At the Yu River the vanguard Dilu took him alive. Taizu, remembering their kinship, could not bring himself to execute Cige and had him beaten and released. In the second year of Shence he fled south.He fled south from Youzhou and was killed along the way.His son was Saibao; that line became the Junior Father house among the Three Fathers' Houses.
Diela, whose style was Yundukun.Third son.In the first year of Tianxian he was appointed Left Grand Chancellor of the Central Secretariat.He was quick-witted and resourceful. Taizu said, "In sudden strokes for achievement Diela's mind surpasses mine; in measured planning he falls short of me." When a Uyghur envoy arrived and no one could understand him, the Empress Dowager told Taizu, "Put Diela's wit to use," and he was sent to meet the envoy. Within twenty days he had mastered their speech and script and devised the Khitan small script—few characters, yet covering everything needful.He joined his elder brother Cige in rebellion; when Cige fled, Diela and Anduan surrendered and Taizu had them beaten and released. In the third year of Shence he tried to flee south; when the plot was discovered, kinsmen pleaded for his life and he was pardoned once more.
Yindishi, whose style was Axin.Fourth son.During the Chongxi reign he was posthumously enfeoffed as King of Xu.Taizu's deathbed edict charged Yindishi to remain Grand Preceptor and Director of Affairs and assist the King of Eastern Dan.From birth he was dull and timid. He joined his brother Cige in rebellion; after defeat Taizu pardoned him. He fled again with Cige to the Yu River, stabbed himself without dying, was captured, and Taizu released him once more.Taizu had ordered him to assist the King of Eastern Dan, but Empress Chunqin sent Director Huasha to kill him on the road.His grandson was Alie.
Anduan, whose style was Wei'in.Fifth son.Early in the Tianlu reign, for his merits he was made king of Eastern Dan and granted the title Bright King.In the third year of Shence he was made tiyin. In the fourth year of Tianxian he became yilijin of the Northern Court. The received text wrongly gives "Tianzan" for Tianxian; the annals show Anduan still as tiyin in Tianxian year 1 while Xieniechi held the Northern Court post—see Biography 73, where Xieniechi dies during Tianxian and Anduan succeeds.In the third year of Shence he pacified Yun Prefecture; in the first year of Tianxian he campaigned against Bohai. [Editorial note: the received text wrongly gives "first year" for "third year" and "Tianzan" for Tianxian—corrected per the annals.] He shattered Lao Xiang's force of more than thirty thousand men, then put down rebellions in the Anbian, Mojie, and Dingli prefectures. He helped settle the succession when Taizong took the throne; during the Huitong era, in the campaign against Jin, he led the vanguard through Yanmen and captured Xin and Dai. When Shizong was newly enthroned he marched to his aid and at Taidé Spring defeated Li Hu in battle.He joined his brother Cige in rebellion until his wife Nianmugu exposed the plot; Taizu bound him by oath and spared him. He rebelled again, was defeated and captured, beaten, and released. His son Chage committed regicide and was executed; Muzong pardoned the conspiracy charge and sent Anduan back to his estate.
Su, whose style was Dukun.Sixth son.In the fifth year of Shence he was made tiyin; in the sixth year he became Chancellor of the Southern Court.He spoke without reserve, and Taizu favored him above most. When Liu Shouwen, military commissioner of Cangzhou, called for aid, Taizu sent Su to lift the siege. During Cige's feigned surrender Su shuttled between the sides, and after the revolt was crushed his efforts counted most. In Tianzan year 3 he joined Dieli in surveying the southwest. Early in Tianxian he campaigned against Bohai, stormed Hohan city, and received Dayinzan's surrender. Gentle by nature and scrupulously loyal in service, he ranked among Taizu's twenty foremost ministers.As Chancellor of the Southern Court he became notorious for bribery, and the people resented him.He died on the march home from the Bohai campaign.All of the above belonged to the Junior Father house.
Taizu had four sons. Empress Chunqin of the Xiao clan bore three of them; Taizong was the second—see the Imperial Annals.Bei, whose pet name was Tuyu, received from Tang's Emperor Mingzong the surname Eastern Dan and the name Muhua, later the surname Li and the name Zanhua.First son.In the first year of Shence he was made crown prince. In the first year of Tianxian he became Human Emperor King of Eastern Dan, adopted the era name Ganlu, and governed in his own right, appointing left and right grand chancellors and a full bureaucracy on Han models. Taizong ordered him to reside at Dongping, later raised to Southern Capital. Taizong posthumously styled him Civil and Martial Primordial King; Shizong, Emperor Who Yielded the Realm. Under Tonghe the title became Emperor Wenxian, and in Chongxi year 21 it was further raised to Emperor Wenxian Qinyi.When Tang envoys came to recruit him, Bei fled across the sea. The Tang received him with imperial escort, renamed Ruizhou Huaihua Army, and made him military commissioner of Huaihua and surveillance commissioner over Ruizhou, Shenzhou, and neighboring prefectures. He was later shifted to Hua Prefecture, summoned to court, and given in absentia the Qianzhou commission.Quick-witted and studious, he mastered yin-yang lore, medicine, and acupuncture, understood music theory, painted well, and wrote ably. When Taizu campaigned against the Wugu and Tangut, Bei commanded the vanguard. He operated in Yan as far as Ding Prefecture, and when he heard Taizu and Li Cunxu were deadlocked at Yunbi Inn, he rushed reinforcements and drove Cunxu off. He urged that Bohai could be taken. In the first year of Tianxian he joined the Bohai campaign, took Fuyu city, dissuaded Taizu from registering the population for conscription, and pressed a night assault that brought Hohan city to surrender. When Li Congke seized the Tang throne, he secretly warned Taizong, "Congke murdered his sovereign and must be punished."Outwardly mild but inwardly ruthless, harsh and quick to punish, and fond of bloodshed.As Li Congke prepared to burn himself, he had the warrior Li Yanshen kill Bei. Bei died at thirty-eight and was buried on Mount Yiwulü.His sons were Louguo, Longxian, and Daoyin. All entries below belong to the Horizontal Tents line.
Li Hu, also called Honggu, whose style was Xiyin.Third son.In Tianxian year 5 he was made imperial younger brother heir. Under Tonghe he was posthumously styled Emperor Qinshun—the word zhong in Tonghe was missing in the received text and is restored from Biography 72. Annals and Han Qiao's tomb inscription read Gongshun rather than Qinshun here because Chen Daren altered the wording to avoid Jin Zhangzong's father's name. In Chongxi year 21 the posthumous title became Emperor Zhangsu.In Tianxian year 5 he was also appointed Grand Marshal of All Armies under Heaven.Fierce and immensely strong. In Tianxian year 5 he raided north of Dai, attacked Huan Prefecture, and returned with many prisoners. Whenever Taizong took the field in person, Li Hu usually stayed behind to guard the capital.He was cruel by nature: at the slightest provocation he would brand faces or throw men into fire or water. When Shizong took the throne at Zhenyang, the Empress Dowager sent Li Hu against him; at Taidé Spring Anduan and Liuge defeated him. Yelü Wuzhi urged the Empress Dowager to relent, but Li Hu snapped, "While I live, how can Wuyu take the throne?" Wuzhi replied, "The people fear your brutality—there is nothing to be done." The Empress Dowager said, "The Ancestor and I loved you above your brothers, yet the proverb holds: a spoiled son cannot keep the estate, nor a hard-won wife the household. I did not refuse to make you emperor—you could not hold it." Li Hu went to Shizong's camp to sue for peace, laid aside his sword before entering, and after terms were settled hurried to the Upper Capital. Accused of plotting with the Empress Dowager to overturn the succession, he was exiled to Zuzhou. Under Muzong, Xiyin's rebellion implicated him and he was imprisoned.He died in confinement at fifty and was buried in the western valley of Mount Yufeng.His sons were Xiyin, Prince of Song, and Wan, Prince of Wei.
A palace woman of the Xiao clan bore one son.Yaliguo, whose style was Dinian.Fourth son.After the return from the Jin campaign he was first made tiyin.Quiet by nature and skilled in mounted archery.In Tianxian year 3 he tried to rescue Yelü Sha at Ding Prefecture but was captured by Li Siyuan and was not released until the Later Jin was founded.He died of illness.His sons Dilie and Xidi both won renown.
Taizong had five sons. Empress Jing'an of the Xiao clan bore two of them; Muzong was the first—see the Imperial Annals.Yanshege.Second son.He was enfeoffed as Prince of Peace in Huitong year 1, though the annals date the enfeoffment of Yansage to the third month of Huitong year 2. Shizong allowed him to treat the Jin ruler as a brother in correspondence. Jingzong made him Prince of Qi, posthumously Grand Imperial Uncle, with the posthumous title Qinjing.Muzong entrusted him with the conduct of government.He plotted rebellion and had Director of Astronomy Wei Lin choose an auspicious day; when the plot was uncovered he was banished to the northwest frontier. Jingzong's accession terrified him and he fled into the desert, but was recalled and pardoned.In Baoning year 4 he died of a carbuncle.
A palace woman of the Xiao clan bore three sons.Tiande, whose style was Bishan.Third son.Ferocious and fleet, he inspired fear at a glance. When Taizong attacked Shi Chonggui and reached Wangdu, the Jin general Du Chongwei seized the river crossing with a hundred thousand men. Taizong sought a stratagem to break him and called for someone to cut the supply route; Tiande volunteered five thousand cavalry and was approved. By a hidden route he routed the escort force and burned the baggage train, driving Chongwei to surrender. In Huitong year 3 he went on mission to Jin with Di Yonghe. At Shizong's accession he escorted Taizong's coffin to the Upper Capital. When the Empress Dowager sent Li Hu against Shizong, Tiande met Yelü Liuge and others at Taidé Spring, fought hard, and defeated them.His victory over Li Hu at Taidé Spring displeased the Empress Dowager, and she never employed him again. He conspired with guard attendant Xiao Han, was imprisoned, and when Yelü Liuge and Pendu implicated him in their testimony he was tried with them. Tiande broke his chains but could not get out.In Tianlu year 2 he was executed.
Dilie, whose style was Basujin.Fourth son.Early in the Baoning reign he was made Prince of Ji.Powerful and a fine archer. Early in Baoning, when Song troops invaded Han, he marched with Southern Court Chancellor Yelü Sha, drove the enemy back, and returned.He joined Commissioner of the Palace Secretariat Yelü Haisi in a plot; when it was uncovered Muzong pardoned him. Early in Qianheng, as Song forces advanced into Hedong to Baima Ridge, Dilie led the vanguard across the stream; before his men were halfway over, Song troops struck front and rear and the column broke.He fell in battle.His son Wage died with him in the rout at Baima Ridge.
Bishe, whose style was Zhenjin.Fifth son.Jingzong enfeoffed him as Prince of Yue—the received text wrongly gives "Muzong," but the annals date the enfeoffment to the fourth month of Baoning year 1.During Yingli, when clansman Hengte and Xiao Chuoli faced punishment and tried to flee, Bishe reported them in secret. The emperor took this as loyalty and kept him close. The emperor doted on his deer herds and executed keepers whenever an animal was hurt, died, or escaped; Bishe once talked him out of killing a keeper. Under Jingzong he earned merit campaigning against the Tangut.He died of illness.
Shizong had three sons; Jingzong was the second.Hou'abu.First son. The Old History's Imperial Clan account lists him third and says his parentage is unclear, but Jingzong's Basic Annals call Jingzong Shizong's second son, and the Old History biography says Jingzong sacrificed at his tomb and posthumously made him crown prince—he was likely Shizong's eldest son by the principal consort.When Jingzong took the throne he was posthumously made crown prince with the title Zhuangsheng.He died young and was buried in the compound known as the Crown Prince's Yard.
Consort Zhen bore one son.Zhimei—the annals for the first month of Tonghe year 1, name the late emperor's elder half-brother by a concubine as Zhimu. His style was Helujin.Third son—the Old History's Imperial Clan account lists him first.Jingzong made him Prince of Ning, but in Baoning year 8 his title was stripped. In the first year of Tonghe the regent Empress Dowager restored it by edict.Quick-witted and studious, he mastered Khitan and Chinese script and wrote poetry. In the first year of Tonghe, at the Empress Dowager's command, he composed a poem on transplanting peonies.Late in Yingli he had an affair with a palace woman. When the emperor learned of it he had Zhimei beaten hundreds of times, blinded in one eye, castrated, imprisoned, and nearly executed. Jingzong released him and gave him the woman he had loved. In Baoning year 8 his wife poisoned someone and he lost his title and was banished to the Wugu tribe; a poem on releasing cranes won his recall.
Jingzong had four sons. Empress Ruizhi of the Xiao clan bore three of them; Shengzong was the first—see the Imperial Annals.Longqing, whose style was Yanyin and pet name Puxiannu.Second son.At eight he was made Prince of Heng. In Tonghe year 16 he became Prince of Liang; early in Kaitai Prince of Jin, then Prince of Qin and Jin, posthumously Imperial Younger Brother.He first served concurrently as Palace Attendant. Under Tonghe he became regent of the Southern Capital; early in Kaitai he was made Guardian Grand Preceptor and Director of Affairs, then Grand Marshal with a golden warrant.On the southern campaign of Tonghe year 17 he led the vanguard to Ying Prefecture, where Song general Fan Tingzhao awaited him in battle order. Longqing sent Xiao Liu to rout him; Fan fled into an abandoned manor and was surrounded and wiped out. In year 19 he defeated Song forces again at Xingtang.After an audience at court he returned to Bei'an Prefecture, took the hot springs, fell ill and died, and was buried on Mount Yiwulü.He had five sons: Chage, Suige, Xiejianu, Lüfen, and Susa.
Longyou, pet name Gaoqi, also written Hudujin.Third son.Early in Qianheng he was Prince of Zheng; under Tonghe Prince of Wu, then Chu; early in Kaitai Prince of Qi—the received text misreads "chu" as "zhong," but the annals for the second month of Kaitai year 1, record the transfer from Prince of Chu to Prince of Qi. His posthumous title was Renxiao, changed to Xiaojing under Chongxi.During Tonghe's war with Song he stayed in the capital as Commissioner for Pacification of the Southwest. On the Goryeo campaign he again held the capital and acted as Northern Court Commissioner of Military Affairs. He later guarded the Eastern Capital and was posthumously made Guardian Grand Preceptor.He died in Kaitai year 1.His sons were Hudugu, Helu, and Tiebu.
One son of unknown parentage.Yaoshinu.Fourth son.He died young and was buried in the Princes' Yard.
Shengzong had six sons. Empress Qin'ai of the Xiao clan bore two of them; Xingzong was the first—see the Imperial Annals.Chongyuan, whose pet name was Beijizhi.Second son.In Taiping year 3 he was made King of Qin. Xingzong made him imperial younger brother heir and gave him a golden warrant. Daozong raised him to imperial grand uncle, exempted him from bowing and from the naming taboo, and granted another golden warrant.He served as Commissioner of Military Affairs for both courts, regent of the Southern Capital, and head of the Marshal's Bureau, and Daozong named him Grand Marshal of All Armies under Heaven.After Shengzong's death Empress Qin'ai ruled as regent and secretly plotted to make Chongyuan emperor, but Chongyuan revealed the plot and won still greater favor. Though he later held military posts, he never left the emperor's side—honors unprecedented in the dynasty's history.In Qingning year 9, during an autumn hunt on the Luan River, Chongyuan's son Nielugu joined Chen Liu, Xiao Huyu, and more than four hundred conspirators to rebel, forcing the crossbow guard to attack the imperial camp. On the eve of battle many conspirators repented and scattered. Chongyuan fled into the desert, crying, "Nielugu has ruined me."His rebellion collapsed and he took his own life.His son Nielugu died fighting in the rebellion.
One son of unknown parentage.Biegute, whose style was Salan.Third son.During Chongxi he was made Prince of Liucheng Commandery.In Taiping year 7 he held in absentia the Zhangxin military commission and served as xiangwen of the Princes' Langjun Company. Under Chongxi he rose to Commissioner-in-Chief of the Khitan Traveling Palace.Clever and a fine archer, he earned merit supervising the campaign against Western Xia.He died on the march home from the Xia campaign.
Lady Puwei bore two sons.Wuge, whose style was Hongyin.Fourth son.Prince of Yan.In Kaitai year 2 he was made tiyin and sent out as regent of the Southern Capital.He died at the Southern Capital.His fourth-generation descendants were Dilie and Shulie; Shulie succeeded Prince of Liang Yali and proclaimed himself emperor.
Gou'er, whose style was Tulukun.Fifth son.In the first year of Taiping he was appointed Chancellor of the Southern Court.He died suddenly of illness.
Lady Jiang bore one son.Hougu, whose style was Eliben.Sixth son.In Chongxi year 17 he was made Prince of Raole Commandery—the received text omits the character "ten" (shi) in seventeen and is corrected per the annals for the eleventh month of that year. Under Xianyong he became Prince of Huntong Commandery.Early in Chongxi he was xiangwen of the Princes' Langjun Company and later regent of the Upper Capital.He died at the Upper Capital.
Xingzong had three sons. Empress Renyi of the Xiao clan bore all three; Daozong was the first—see the Imperial Annals.Heluwo, whose style was Alian.Second son.In Chongxi year 17 he was made Prince of Yue; early in Qingning Prince of Lu, then Prince of Song and Wei; in Qiantong year 3 he was installed as imperial grand uncle.Under Qingning he was Upper Capital regent, then Southern Capital regent. Early in Qiantong he became Grand Marshal, Guardian Grand Preceptor, exempt from bowing and the naming taboo. In year 3 he took tiyin with the title Yihe Renshou and "again guarded Nanjing"—the annals for the tenth month of Qiantong year 6, show him as grand uncle and Nanjing regent while holding tiyin concurrently; the annals read Yihe Rensheng, and "again guarded" should read "still guarded," as he never left the Nanjing post.When Chongyuan rebelled, Heluwo rode to battle by night.At Tianzuo's accession the ban on imperial hunting grounds was lifted. Heluwo urged, "Touring is among a ruler's gravest duties; even in mourning it must not be abandoned." The emperor agreed and ordered the offices to prepare the spring hunt without delay.He died on a hunt at Qing Prefecture.His sons were Shidu, Yuan, and Chun; Chun was made King of Qin and Jin and proclaimed himself emperor.
Alian, whose style was Eliben.Third son.In Chongxi year 17 he was Prince of Xu; early in Qingning Prince of Chen, then Qin, then Prince of Qinyue; posthumously King of Qin and Wei with the title Qinzheng.Under Qingning he served as military commissioner of Liaoxing Army; under Xianyong he held the Western and Upper capital regencies in turn.He died of illness on an autumn hunt with the emperor.
Daozong had one son, born to Empress Xuanyi of the Xiao clan.Jun, whose pet name was Yeluwo.First son.At six he was Prince of Liang; at eight crown prince. After death he received the posthumous title Zhaohuai and burial with imperial rites. Early in Qiantong he was posthumously honored as Emperor Daxiaoshun Sheng, temple name Shunzong.In the first year of Dakang he concurrently headed the Northern and Southern Commissions of Military Affairs—the annals for the sixth month record "Edict: the crown prince shall oversee court government," and Biography 72 states, "In Dakang year 1 he concurrently directed Northern and Southern Military Affairs."He spoke early, loved learning, and could read. Emperor Wen often said, "This boy's wit seems heaven-sent." At seven, on a hunt, he brought down two deer in succession; the emperor told his attendants, "Our forebears' archery was unmatched and their fame filled the world—this child, young as he is, will not disgrace them." Later he met ten deer and killed nine; the emperor held a feast in his honor.At twenty he was destroyed by false charges from the Yixin faction, imprisoned at the Upper Capital, executed, and buried on Mount Yufeng.His son was Emperor Tianzuo, personal name Yanxi.
Tianzuo had six sons; the Literary Consort bore one of them.Aoluwo.First son—adopted as heir to Grand Chancellor Yelü Longyun.He was first made Prince of Jin.He praised others' strengths, urged them past their weaknesses, and was known throughout the court as a man of elder virtue.In the first year of Baoda Southern Army commander Yelü Yudu, seeing Aoluwo's popularity, conspired with the Literary Consort to make him emperor; the plot failed, Yudu defected to Jin, and the consort was executed while Aoluwo, uninvolved, was spared. Yelü Saba and others tried again; when the plot was uncovered some urged him to flee, but he said, "I will not trade my duty as a subject for this wretched life." All who heard him grieved.In Baoda year 2 he was strangled because he had won the people's loyalty.
The Primary Consort bore one son.Yali, whose style was Saluan.Second son.At seven he was slated for the crown prince's title, given a separate guard, and made Prince of Liang. When Tianzuo fled to Western Xia, his followers proclaimed him emperor under the era name Yuanli.
Four sons of unknown parentage—Biography 71 records that the Virtuous Consort bore Talu, and the annals for the first month of Baoda year 1, name the Prince of Zhao's mother as Lady Zhaorong.Talu.Third son.King of Yan.He died young.
Xinilie.Fourth son.Prince of Zhao.He followed Tianzuo to Baishui Marsh and was captured by the Jin army.
Ding.Fifth son.Prince of Qin.At Qingzhong Marsh he was captured by the Jin army.
Ning.Sixth son.Prince of Xu.At Qingzhong Marsh he was captured by the Jin army.
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