1
志第十八地理三
Treatise Eighteen: Geography, Part Three.
2
○河南陝西
▲ Henan and Shaanxi
3
河南《禹貢》豫、冀、揚、兗四州之域。 元以河北地直隸中書省，河南地置河南江北行中書省。 治汴梁路。 洪武元年五月置中書分省。 治開封府。 二年四月改分省爲河南等處行中書省。 三年十二月置河南都衛。 八年十月改都衛爲都指揮使司。 九年六月改行中書省爲承宣布政使司。 府八，直隸州一，屬州十一，縣九十六。 爲裏三千八百八十有奇。 北至武安，與北直、山西界。 南至信陽，與江南、湖廣界。 東至永城，與山東、江南界。 西至陝州，與山西、陝西界。 距南京一千一百七十五里，京師一千五百八十里。 洪武二十六年編戶三十一萬五千六百一十七，口一百九十一萬二千五百四十二。 弘治四年，戶五十七萬五千二百四十九，口四百三十六萬四百七十六。 萬曆六年，戶六十三萬三千六十七，口五百一十九萬三千六百二。
Henan fell within the Yu, Ji, Yang, and Yan provinces described in the Tribute of Yu. Under the Yuan, Hebei was placed directly under the Central Secretariat, while Henan was made the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat. Its seat was at Bianliang Route. In the fifth month of Hongwu 1 a Secretariat sub-province was established. The seat was moved to Kaifeng Prefecture. In the fourth month of year 2 it was renamed the Henan Branch Secretariat. In the twelfth month of year 3 the Henan Regional Guard was founded. In the tenth month of year 8 the regional guard became a regional military commission. In the sixth month of year 9 the branch secretariat was made a provincial administration commission. It had eight prefectures, one directly governed zhou, eleven subordinate zhou, and ninety-six counties. Its registered area was more than 3,880 li square. Northward to Wu'an, bordering Zhili and Shanxi. Southward to Xinyang, on the Jiangnan and Huguang frontiers. Eastward to Yongcheng, bordering Shandong and Jiangnan. Westward to Shanzhou, bordering Shanxi and Shaanxi. It lay 1,175 li from Nanjing and 1,580 li from the capital. In Hongwu 26 registered households totaled 315,617 and population 1,912,542. By Hongzhi 4 there were 575,249 households and 4,360,476 people. In Wanli 6 the province had 633,067 households and 5,193,602 people.
4
開封府元汴梁路，屬河南江北行省。 洪武元年五月曰開封府。 八月建北京。 十一年，京罷。 領州四，縣三十：
Kaifeng Prefecture—under the Yuan it was Bianliang Route in the Henan-Jiangbei province. In the fifth month of Hongwu 1 it was designated Kaifeng Prefecture. In the eighth month the Northern Capital was established there. In year 11 the capital status was withdrawn. It governed four zhou and thirty counties:
5
祥符倚。 洪武十一年正月建周王府。 大河舊在城北。 正統十三年，河決滎陽，東過城西南，而城遂在河北。 東爲開封縣，元時同治郭內，洪武中省。 南有硃仙鎮。 東北有陳橋鎮。
Xiangfu (seat-attached county). In the first month of Hongwu 11 the Zhou princely mansion was built here. The Yellow River once flowed north of the city. In Zhengtong 13 the river broke at Xingyang and ran east past the city's southwest; the city thus stood north of the river. Kaifeng county lay to the east; under the Yuan it was administered with the seat county and was abolished in Hongwu. To the south is Zhuxian town. To the northeast is Chenqiao town.
6
陳留府東少南。 北有大河。 東北有睢水，下流至南直宿遷縣合泗水。
Chenliu county lies slightly southeast of the prefecture seat. To the north is the Yellow River. To the northeast is the Sui River, which below reaches Suqian in Nanzhili and joins the Si.
7
巳府東南。 北有睢水，又有舊黃河，洪武二十五年河決之故道也。 嘉靖三十六年，全河合淮入海，而縣遂無河患。
Qi county lies southeast of the prefecture seat. To the north are the Sui River and the old Yellow River channel left when the river burst in Hongwu 25. In Jiajing 36 the whole river course merged with the Huai to reach the sea, and the county was thereafter free of flood harm.
8
通許府東南。 西南有故黃河，弘治後北徙，不經縣界。
Tongxu county lies southeast of the prefecture seat. To the southwest is the old Yellow River, which after Hongzhi shifted north and no longer crossed the county.
9
太康府東南。 北有渦水，自通許縣流入，下流至南直懷遠縣入淮。 東有馬廠集，正統十三年河決，自巳縣經此。
Taikang county lies southeast of the prefecture seat. To the north is the Guo River, which enters from Tongxu and below reaches Huaiyuan in Nanzhili to join the Huai. To the east is Machang market, which the Zhengtong 13 flood reached from Qi county.
10
尉氏府南少西。 西南有大溝，東北合康溝，入於黃河。
Weishi county lies slightly southwest of the prefecture seat. To the southwest is the Great Ditch, which northeast joins the Kang Ditch and enters the Yellow River.
11
洧川府西南。 南有故城，洪武二年以河患遷今治。 又南有洧水，下流至西華縣合潁水。 東南有南席店，弘治九年，河入慄家口，南行經此。
Weichuan county lies southwest of the prefecture seat. An old walled town stood to the south; in Hongwu 2 the seat was moved to the present site because of flooding. Also to the south is the Wei River, which below reaches Xihua and joins the Ying. To the southeast is Nanxi market; in Hongzhi 9 the river entered at Lijia Kou and ran south past it.
12
鄢陵府南少西。 北有洧水。
Yanling county lies slightly southwest of the prefecture seat. To the north is the Wei River.
13
扶溝府南少東。 東有沙河，一名惠民河，又名小黃河，即宋蔡河故道也。 成化中浚，下流達南直太和縣界。 又北有洧水，自西流入焉。 又東北有黃河故道，弘治二年淤。
Fugou county lies slightly southeast of the prefecture seat. To the east is the Sha River, also called the Huimin or Small Yellow River—the former course of the Song Cai River. It was dredged in the Chenghua reign and below reached the border of Taihe county in Nanzhili. Also from the west the Wei River enters in the north. To the northeast is also an old Yellow River channel, silted up in Hongzhi 2.
14
中牟府西。 東有故城，天順中，徙今治。 大河在縣北。 又有汴河，舊自滎陽而東，下流經祥符縣南，又東南至南直泗州入於淮。 正統六年改從此入河，後淤。 西北有圃田澤。
Zhongmou county lies west of the prefecture seat. An old seat lay to the east; in the Tianshun reign the administration moved to the present county seat. The Yellow River runs along the county's north. There is also the Bian River, formerly running east from Xingyang, passing south of Xiangfu and southeast to Sizhou in Nanzhili where it entered the Huai. In Zhengtong 6 its inlet was shifted here; the channel later silted up. To the northwest is the Putian marsh.
15
陽武府西北。 北濱大河，自此至南直徐州，大河所行，皆唐、宋汴河故道。
Yangwu county lies northwest of the prefecture seat. The county borders the Yellow River on the north; from here to Xuzhou in Nanzhili the river follows the old Tang and Song Bian channel.
16
原武府西北。 北有黑陽山，下臨大河。 洪武二十四年，河決於此。 正統十二年復決焉。 東南有安城縣，洪武初置，正統中廢。
Yuanwu county lies northwest of the prefecture seat. To the north is Heiyang Mountain overlooking the Yellow River below. The river burst here in Hongwu 24. It broke out again in Zhengtong 12. Southeast was Ancheng county, founded early in Hongwu and abolished in the Zhengtong reign.
17
封丘府北。 南有大河。 西南有荊隆口，一名金龍口。 弘治二年、五年，萬曆十五年，崇禎四年、五年，河屢決於此。 又西北有沁河，弘治六年淤。 西南有中欒鎮巡檢司。
Fengqiu county lies north of the prefecture seat. To the south is the Yellow River. To the southwest is Jinglong Kou, also called Jinlong Kou. The river repeatedly broke here in Hongzhi 2 and 5, Wanli 15, and Chongzhen 4 and 5. To the northwest is also the Qin River, which silted up in Hongzhi 6. To the southwest is the Zhongluan town patrol inspectorate.
18
延津府西北。 大河舊經縣北。 成化十四年，河決，徙流縣南，而縣北之流遂絕。 西北有沙門鎮，弘治十一年移項城縣西之香臺巡檢司於此。
Yanjin county lies northwest of the prefecture seat. The Yellow River formerly ran north of the county. In Chenghua 14 a breach shifted the channel south of the county and the northern course dried up. To the northwest is Shamen town; in Hongzhi 11 the Xiangtai patrol inspectorate west of Xiangcheng was moved here.
19
蘭陽府東少北。 北濱大河，有李景高口。 萬曆十七年，河決於此。
Lanyang county lies slightly northeast of the prefecture seat. It borders the Yellow River on the north, at Lijinggao Kou. The river broke here in Wanli 17.
20
儀封府東少北。 元屬睢州。 洪武十年五月改屬南陽府，後來屬。 故城在縣北，洪武二十二年二月圮於河，徙日樓村，即今治也。 東北有黃陵岡，大河舊經其下，入曹縣界。 弘治五年，河決於此，尋塞之，改徙岡南入睢州界。 又賈魯故河亦在縣北，正德四年，河決入焉。
Yifeng county lies slightly northeast of the prefecture seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Suizhou. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was reassigned to Nanyang Prefecture and later returned to Kaifeng jurisdiction. The old seat stood north of the county; in the second month of Hongwu 22 it was destroyed by the river and the administration moved to Rilou village—the present site. To the northeast is Huangling Hill, which the Yellow River once passed below on its way into Cao county. In Hongzhi 5 the river broke here; the breach was soon sealed and the course shifted south of the hill into Suizhou territory. The old Jia Lu channel also lay north of the county; in Zhengde 4 a breach poured into it.
21
新鄭府西南。 元屬均州。 隆慶五年七月改屬。 西南有大隗山，一名具茨山，氵異水出焉，一名魯固河，下流入潁。 又南有陘山。 北有大河。 又有溱水，一曰澮水，流合縣南之洧水。
Xinzheng county lies southwest of the prefecture seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Junzhou. In the seventh month of Longqing 5 it was reassigned here. To the southwest is Dawei Mountain, also called Juci; the Yi River rises there, also known as the Lugu, and below joins the Ying. To the south is also Xing Mountain. To the north is the Yellow River. The Zhen River, also called the Hui, joins the Wei south of the county.
22
陳州洪武初，以州治宛丘縣省入。 南有潁水。 又西有沙水，亦曰小黃河，至潁岐口，與潁水合，下流分爲二。 崇禎間，屢決於西南之苑家埠口。 又南有故黃河，喜靖時，黃河南出之道也。 西北距府二百六十五里。 領縣四：
Chenzhou—in early Hongwu the seat county Wanchu was merged into the zhou. To the south is the Ying River. To the west is also the Sha River, or Small Yellow River, which at Yingqi Kou joins the Ying and then splits into two channels below. During the Chongzhen reign it burst repeatedly at Yuanjiabu Ford in the southwest. Also to the south is the old Yellow River—the route by which the Yellow River flowed south in the Jiajing reign. It lies two hundred sixty-five li northwest of the prefectural seat. It governed four counties:
23
商水州西南。 洪武初廢。 四年七月復置。 北有潁水，又有氵隱水，亦曰大氵隱水。
Shangshui, southwest of the zhou. It was abolished in early Hongwu. It was restored in the seventh month of Hongwu 4. To the north is the Ying River; also the Yin River, also called the Great Yin River.
24
西華州西少北。 北有潁水，又有沙水，即小黃河也。 西南有氵隱水，又有常社鎮巡檢司。
Xihua, slightly north of west from the zhou. To the north is the Ying River; also the Sha River, which is the Little Yellow River. To the southwest is the Yin River; also the Changshe town patrol inspectorate.
25
項城州南。 東北有故城。 今治本南頓縣之殄寇鎮也，宣德三年遷。 東有潁水，西有溵水流入焉。 洪武二十四年，大河自陳州經縣界合潁，下入於淮。 永樂九年，河始復故道。 又東北有沙水。
Xiangcheng, south of the zhou. To the northeast is the old seat. The present seat is at Zankou town in former Nandun County; it was moved in Xuande 3. To the east is the Ying River; to the west the Qin River enters it. In Hongwu 24 the Great River passed through the county boundary from Chenzhou, joined the Ying, and flowed down into the Huai. In Yongle 9 the river first returned to its old course. Also to the northeast is the Sha River.
26
沈丘州東南。 元屬潁州。 洪武初廢。 弘治十年改乳香臺巡檢司置，來屬。 東北有潁水，東入南直潁州界。 又北有沙河，東入南直太和縣界。 又東有界首巡檢司。 又北有南頓縣，洪武初廢。 景泰初，置南頓巡檢司於此。
Shenqiu, southeast of the zhou. Under the Yuan it belonged to Ying Prefecture. It was abolished in early Hongwu. In Hongzhi 10 the Ruxiangtai patrol inspectorate was converted to establish it, and it came under this jurisdiction. To the northeast is the Ying River, which flows east into Ying Prefecture territory in Nan Zhili. Also to the north is the Sha River, which flows east into Taihe County in Nan Zhili. Also to the east is the Jieshou patrol inspectorate. Also to the north is Nandun County, abolished in early Hongwu. At the beginning of the Jingtai reign the Nandun patrol inspectorate was established here.
27
許州洪武初，以州治長社縣省入。 西有潁水。 北有氵異水。 又東有東湖，一名秋湖。 又西北有石固鎮，與長葛縣界。 東北距府二百二十里。 領縣四：
Xuchang Prefecture: in early Hongwu the seat-administered Changshe County was absorbed. To the west is the Ying River. To the north is the Yi River. Also to the east is East Lake, also called Autumn Lake. Also to the northwest is Shigu town, on the border with Changge County. It lies two hundred twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. It governed four counties:
28
臨潁州東南。 西有潁水，氵異水自縣北流入焉。 又西南有小氵隱水。
Linying, southeast of the zhou. To the west is the Ying River; the Yi River enters from the north of the county. Also to the southwest is the Little Yin River.
29
襄城州西南。 南有首山。 東北有潁水。 南有汝河。
Xiangcheng, southwest of the zhou. To the south is Mount Shou. To the northeast is the Ying River. To the south is the Ru River.
30
郾城州東南。 南有沙水，亦曰大溵水，上流即故汝水也，又東南有澧水來入焉。
Yancheng, southeast of the zhou. To the south is the Sha River, also called the Great Qin River—its upper reaches are the old Ru River; also to the southeast the Li River enters.
31
長葛州西北。 北有洧水。 西有氵異水。
Changge, northwest of the zhou. To the north is the Wei River. To the west is the Yi River.
32
禹州元曰鈞州。 洪武初，以州治陽翟縣省入。 萬曆三年四月避諱改曰禹州。 成化二年七月建徽王府。 嘉靖三十五年除。 北有禹山，又西北有礦山，有鐵母山，舊俱產鐵。 又北有潁水，下經襄城，一名渚水，至臨潁合沙河。 東北距府三百二十里。 領縣一：
Yuzhou: under the Yuan it was Jun Prefecture. In early Hongwu the seat-administered Yangzhai County was absorbed. In the fourth month of Wanli 3, to avoid the taboo, it was renamed Yuzhou. In the seventh month of Chenghua 2 the Hui princely establishment was built. It was removed in Jiajing 35. To the north is Mount Yu; also to the northwest are Kuang Mountain and Tiemushan, all of which formerly produced iron. Also to the north is the Ying River, passing down through Xiangcheng—also called the Zhu River—to Linying, where it joins the Sha River. It lies three hundred twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:
33
密州西北。 南有洧水，又有溱水。
Mi, northwest of the zhou. To the south is the Wei River; also the Qin River.
34
鄭州洪武初，以州治管城縣省入。 西南有梅山，鄭水出焉，下流舊入汴水，後堙。 又西有須水，源出滎陽縣，舊亦入於汴水。 正統八年嘗浚以分決河之流，後亦堙。 東北距府百四十里。 領縣四：
Zhengzhou: in early Hongwu the seat-administered Guancheng County was absorbed. To the southwest is Mount Mei, whence the Zheng River issues; its lower reaches formerly entered the Bian River but were later silted up. Also to the west is the Xu River, rising in Xingyang County and formerly also entering the Bian River. In Zhengtong 8 it was once dredged to divert the river's flow; later it was silted up again. It lies one hundred forty li northeast of the prefectural seat. It governed four counties:
35
滎陽州西。 南有大周山，汴水出焉。 又東南有嵩渚山，京水出焉。 又有索水，源出小徑山，北流與京水合，下流入於鄭水。 又大河在北。 東有須水鎮，崇禎十年築城。
Xingyang, west of the zhou. To the south is Mount Dazhou, whence the Bian River issues. Also to the southeast is Mount Songzhu, whence the Jing River issues. Also the Suo River, rising on Mount Xiaojing, flows north and joins the Jing River; downstream it enters the Zheng River. Also the Great River lies to the north. To the east is Xushui town; a wall was built in Chongzhen 10.
36
滎澤州北少西。 元直隸汴梁路。 洪武中，改屬州。 北有故城。 洪武八年因河患徙於南。 成化十五年正月又徙北，濱大河。 東南有孫家渡，正統十三年，大河決於此。
Xingze, slightly northwest of the zhou. Under the Yuan it was directly subordinate to Bianliang Route. In the Hongwu reign it was transferred under the zhou. To the north is the old seat. In Hongwu 8 it was moved south because of river damage. In the first month of Chenghua 15 it was moved north again, on the Great River. To the southeast is Sunjia Ford; in Zhengtong 13 the Great River burst here.
37
河陰州西北。 舊治在大峪口，洪武三年爲水所圮，徙於此。 東北有廣武山，與三皇山連。 西有敖倉，北濱大河。
Heyin, northwest of the zhou. The old seat was at Dayukou; in Hongwu 3 it was destroyed by water and moved here. To the northeast is Mount Guangwu, connected with Mount Sanhuang. To the west is Aocang; to the north it borders the Great River.
38
汜水州西。 故城在縣東，洪武十一年七月徙於成皋。 崇禎十六年又遷西北。 北濱河，洛水自西，東至滿家溝合汜水入焉。 又西有虎牢關，洪武四年九月改曰古崤關，有巡檢司。
Sishui, west of the zhou. The old seat was east of the county; in the seventh month of Hongwu 11 it was moved to Chenggao. In Chongzhen 16 it was moved again to the northwest. It borders the river to the north; the Luo River comes from the west and east to Manjia Gou, where it joins the Si River and enters. Also to the west is Hulaoguan; in the ninth month of Hongwu 4 it was renamed Gu Xia Pass; there is a patrol inspectorate.
39
河南府元河南府路，屬河南江北行中書省。 洪武元年爲府。 領州一，縣十三。 東距布政司三百八十里。
Henan Prefecture: under the Yuan, Henan Prefecture Route, belonging to the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat. In Hongwu 1 it became a prefecture. It governed one zhou and thirteen counties. It lies three hundred eighty li east of the provincial administration commission.
40
洛陽倚。 洪武二十四年建伊王府。 嘉靖四十三年廢。 萬曆二十九年十月建福王府。 北有北邙山，西南有闕塞山，亦曰闕口山，亦曰伊闕山，俗曰龍門山。 又西北有谷城山，亦曰簪亭山，湹水所出。 又東南有大谷，谷口有關。 又大河在北。 又有洛水，源自洛南冢嶺山，東經盧氏、永寧諸縣，至洛陽、偃師、鞏縣入於河。 又東有伊水，自盧氏縣東北流至偃師縣而入洛。 又北有朅水，西有澗水，俱流會於洛。 又西南有孝水。
Luoyang, seat-administered. In Hongwu 24 the Yi princely establishment was built. It was abolished in Jiajing 43. In the tenth month of Wanli 29 the Fu princely establishment was built. To the north is Mount Beimang; to the southwest is Mount Quezhai, also called Mount Quekou, also Mount Yique—popularly Dragon Gate Mountain. Also to the northwest is Mount Gucheng, also called Mount Zanting, whence the Chan River issues. Also to the southeast is the Great Valley; at the valley mouth is a pass. Also the Great River lies to the north. Also the Luo River, rising on Mount Zhongling south of the Luo region, flows east through Lushi, Yongning, and other counties to Luoyang, Yanshi, and Gong County to enter the river. Also to the east is the Yi River, flowing northeast from Lushi County to Yanshi County to enter the Luo. Also to the north is the Jie River; to the west is the Jian River—both flow to join the Luo. To the southwest is also the Xiao River.
41
偃師府東少北。 南有緱氏山。 又有洛水，西有伊水流合焉。
Yanshi County lies slightly north of east from the prefecture. To the south is Mt. Gou. The Luo River runs through the county; to the west the Yi River flows in and joins it.
42
鞏府東北。 西南有軒轅山，上有關。 北濱河。 西北有洛水，舊經縣北入河，謂之洛汭，亦曰洛口。 嘉靖後，東過汜水縣入河。 又南有鄩水，會洛入河，亦曰鄩口也。 又東南有石子河，西南有長羅川，皆流入洛水。 又西南有黑石渡巡檢司。
Gong County lies northeast of the prefecture. To the southwest is Mt. Xuanyuan, on which stands a pass. To the north it borders the great river. To the northwest is the Luo River, which formerly ran north of the county to enter the great river at what was called the Luo Estuary, also known as Luo Mouth. After the Jiajing period it shifted eastward, passing through Sishui County before entering the river. To the south is also the Xun River, which joins the Luo and enters the great river—also called Xun Mouth. To the southeast is the Shizi River and to the southwest the Changluo Stream; both flow into the Luo River. To the southwest is the patrol-inspection office at Black Stone Ford.
43
孟津府東北。 舊治在縣東，今治本聖賢莊，嘉靖十四年七月遷於此。 西北有大河。 又西有硤石津，又西有委粟津，又有高渚、馬渚、陶渚，皆大河津濟處。 東北有孟津巡檢司。
Mengjin County lies northeast of the prefecture. The former seat lay east of the county; the present seat is at Sages Village, to which it was moved in the seventh month of Jiajing 14. To the northwest is the great river. To the west is Xishi Ford and farther west Weisu Ford; there are also Gaozhu, Mazhu, and Taozhu, all ferry crossings on the great river. To the northeast is the Mengjin patrol-inspection office.
44
宜陽府西南。 西有女幾山。 東南有鹿蹄山，一名非山，甘水出焉。 又北有洛水。 西有宜水，又有昌谷水，與甘水俱流注於洛。 又西南有趙保鎮、木冊鎮二巡檢司。
Yiyang County lies southwest of the prefecture. To the west is Mt. Nüji. To the southeast is Mt. Ludi, also called Mt. Fei, whence the Gan River issues. To the north is also the Luo River. To the west are the Yi River and the Changgu River, which together with the Gan River all flow into the Luo. To the southwest are the patrol-inspection offices at Zhaobao and Muce towns.
45
永寧府西南。 北有崤山，崤水出焉，北注於河。 其東曰谷陽谷，谷水所出焉。 又南有洛水。 東北有刀軒川，下流爲昌谷水。 又有大宋川，下流爲宜水。 又西有崇陽鎮、又有高門關、東有崤底關三巡檢司。
Yongning County lies southwest of the prefecture. To the north is Mt. Xiao, whence the Xiao River issues and flows north into the great river. East of it is the valley called Guyang, whence the Gu River issues. To the south is also the Luo River. To the northeast is the Dao Xuan Stream, whose lower course becomes the Changgu River. There is also the Dasong Stream, whose lower course becomes the Yi River. To the west are the patrol-inspection offices at Chongyang town, Gaomen Pass, and Xiaodi Pass to the east.
46
新安府西。 西有缺門山。 北有大河。 又南有澗水，谷水自北流入焉。 東有慈澗水，亦流入谷水。 又有函谷新關。
Xin'an County lies west of the prefecture. To the west is Mt. Quemen. To the north is the great river. To the south is also the Jian River, into which the Gu River flows from the north. To the east is the Cijian River, which also flows into the Gu River. There is also the new Hangu Pass.
47
澠池府西。 元屬陝州。 洪武中改屬。 東北有廣陽山，亦曰澠池山，北溪水出焉。 又有白石山，澗水所出。 西北濱河。 南有谷水。 又西北有南村巡檢司。
Mianchi County lies west of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Shan Zhou. During the Hongwu period it was transferred here. To the northeast is Mt. Guangyang, also called Mt. Mianchi, whence the north-stream river issues. There is also Mt. Baishi, whence the Jian River issues. To the northwest it borders the great river. To the south is the Gu River. To the northwest is the Nancun patrol-inspection office.
48
登封府東南。 北有嵩山，即中嶽也，亦曰太室山。 又西有少室山，潁水中源出焉； 又有右源，出於山之南溪，又有左源，出於西南之陽乾山，合流至南直壽州入淮。 又北有陽城山，洧水所出，下流至扶溝縣入沙河。 又東南有崿嶺，即箕山也，上有崿阪關。 又東南有五渡水，流入潁，亦曰三交水。 又西南有少陽河，亦流入潁。
Dengfeng County lies southeast of the prefecture. To the north is Mt. Song, the central sacred peak, also called Mt. Taishi. To the west is Mt. Shaoshi, whence the central source of the Ying River issues; there is also the right source, issuing from the mountain's southern stream, and the left source, issuing from Mt. Yangqian to the southwest; the two join and flow to Shou Zhou in the Southern Metropolitan Area, where they enter the Huai. To the north is Mt. Yangcheng, whence the Wei River issues; downstream it reaches Fugou County and enters the Sha River. To the southeast is E Ridge, which is Mt. Ji, on which stands E Slope Pass. To the southeast is the Wudu River, which flows into the Ying and is also called the Sanjiao River. To the southwest is also the Shaoyang River, which likewise flows into the Ying.
49
嵩府西南。 元嵩州，屬南陽府。 洪武二年四月降爲縣，來屬。 三塗山在西南。 陸渾山在東北。 又東有篩山，北有露寶山，西有大礦山，皆產錫。 西南有伏牛山，即天息山也，山有分水嶺，汝水出焉，下流至南直潁州入淮，行千三百五十餘里。 又南有伊水，西北有高都川流入焉。 又西南有舊縣鎮巡檢司。 西有沒大嶺巡檢司。
Song County lies southwest of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was Song Zhou, subordinate to Nanyang Prefecture. In the fourth month of Hongwu 2 it was reduced from a zhou to a county and placed under the prefecture. Mt. Santu stands to the southwest. Mt. Luhun stands to the northeast. To the east is Mt. Shai; to the north Mt. Lubao; and to the west Mt. Dakuang—all produce tin. To the southwest is Mt. Funiu, also called Mt. Tianxi; on its watershed divide the Ru River issues and flows downstream to Ying Zhou in the Southern Metropolitan Area, where it enters the Huai—a course of more than 1,350 li. To the south is also the Yi River, into which the Gaodu Stream flows from the northwest. To the southwest is the patrol-inspection office at Old County town. To the west is the Meida Ridge patrol-inspection office.
50
盧氏府西南。 元屬嵩州。 洪武元年四月屬南陽府。 三年三月屬陝州。 萬曆初，改屬府。 西南有熊耳山，洛水自陝西商州流入境，經此。 東南有巒山，一名悶頓嶺，伊水所出。 北有鐵嶺，東澗水出焉，東南入洛。 又東北有馬回川，亦入於洛。 又東南有欒州鎮、西南有硃陽鎮、北有杜管鎮三巡檢司。 又西有白華關。
Lushi County lies southwest of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Song Zhou. In the fourth month of Hongwu 1 it was placed under Nanyang Prefecture. In the third month of year 3 it was placed under Shan Zhou. At the beginning of Wanli it was transferred under the prefecture. To the southwest is Mt. Xiong'er; the Luo River enters the county from Shang Zhou in Shaanxi and passes through it. To the southeast is Mt. Luan, also called Mendun Ridge, whence the Yi River issues. To the north is Iron Ridge, whence the east Jian River issues and flows southeast into the Luo. To the northeast is also the Ma Hui Stream, which likewise enters the Luo. To the southeast is the patrol-inspection office at Luanzhou town; to the southwest at Zhuyang town; and to the north at Duguan town. To the west is also Baihua Pass.
51
陝州元屬河南府路。 洪武元年四月改屬南陽府，以州治陝縣省入。 東有底柱山，在大河中。 山有三門，中曰神門，南曰鬼門，北曰人門，惟人門修廣可行舟，鬼門最險。 又南有橐水，一名永定澗，亦曰漫澗，西北入河。 又東南有硤石關，有巡檢司。 又有雁翎關。 東距府三百里。 領縣二：
Shan Zhou—under the Yuan it belonged to the Henan Prefecture Route. In the fourth month of Hongwu 1 it was placed under Nanyang Prefecture, and the zhou seat, Shan County, was abolished and merged into it. To the east is Mt. Dizhu, standing in the great river. The mountain has three gates: the middle is called Spirit Gate, the south Ghost Gate, and the north Human Gate; only Human Gate is wide enough for boats to pass, while Ghost Gate is the most perilous. To the south is also the Tuo River, also called Yongding Brook or Man Brook, which flows northwest into the great river. To the southeast is Xishi Pass, which has a patrol-inspection office. There is also Yanling Pass. It lies three hundred li east of the prefectural seat. It governed two counties:
52
靈寶州西少南。 北濱河。 又西有弘農澗。 南有虢略鎮巡檢司。 又有函谷故關。 西南又有洪關。
Lingbao County lies slightly south of west from the zhou. To the north it borders the great river. To the west is also the Hongnong Brook. To the south is the patrol-inspection office at Guolue town. There is also the old Hangu Pass. To the southwest is also Hong Pass.
53
閿鄉州西南。 東南有夸父山，一名秦山，中有大谷關。 北濱河，自山西芮城縣流入，東南至永城縣，入南直碭山縣界。 西有湖水，又有盤澗水北流入焉。 又西有潼關，與陝西華陰縣分界。
Wenxiang County lies southwest of the zhou. To the southeast is Mt. Kuafu, also called Mt. Qin, within which lies Great Valley Pass. To the north it borders the great river, which enters from Ruicheng County in Shanxi and flows southeast to Yongcheng County before crossing into Dangshan County in the Southern Metropolitan Area. To the west is lake water, and the Pan Brook also flows in from the north. To the west is also Tong Pass, which forms the boundary with Huayin County in Shaanxi.
54
歸德府元直隸河南江北行省。 洪武元年五月降爲州，屬開封府。 嘉靖二十四年六月升爲府。 領州一，縣八。 西距布政司三百五十里。
Guide Prefecture—under the Yuan it was directly governed by the Henan and Jiangbei Circuit. In the fifth month of Hongwu 1 it was reduced to a zhou under Kaifeng Prefecture. In the sixth month of Jiajing 24 it was elevated to a prefecture. It governed one subordinate zhou and eight counties. It lay three hundred fifty li west of the provincial administration commission.
55
商丘倚。 元曰睢陽。 洪武初省。 嘉靖二十四年六月復置，更名。 舊治在南，弘治十五年圮於河，十六年九月遷於今治。 北濱河。 正統後，河決而南。 城嘗在河北，正德後，仍在河南。 北有丁家道口巡檢司。 東南有武津關巡檢司。
Shangqiu (seat-attached county). Under the Yuan it was called Suiyang. In early Hongwu it was abolished. In the sixth month of Jiajing 24 it was re-established and renamed. The old seat lay to the south; in Hongzhi 15 it was destroyed by the river, and in the ninth month of Hongzhi 16 the seat was moved to the present site. To the north it borders the river. After Zhengtong the river broke southward. The city had once lain north of the river; after Zhengde it remained on the south bank. To the north is the Dingjiadao patrol inspectorate. To the southeast is the Wujin Pass patrol inspectorate.
56
寧陵府西。 南有睢水。 北有桃源集巡檢司。
Ningling County lies west of the prefecture. To the south is the Sui River. To the north is the Taoyuanji patrol inspectorate.
57
鹿邑府南。 元屬亳州。 洪武中改屬。 南有潁水，又蔡河自西流入，謂之蔡河口，即沈丘縣之沙河也。 又北有渦水，東流入南直亳州境。
Luyi County lies south of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was subordinate to Bozhou. In the Hongwu era its affiliation was changed. To the south is the Ying River; the Cai River also enters from the west at what is called Cai River mouth—the Sha River of Shenqiu County. To the north is also the Wo River, which flows east into Bozhou territory in Nan Zhili.
58
夏邑府東。 元曰下邑，洪武初更名。 北濱大河。 又東南有睢水。
Xiayi County lies east of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was called Xia County; at the beginning of Hongwu it was renamed. To the north it borders the Great River. To the southeast is also the Sui River.
59
永城府東南。 洪武元年五月屬開封府。 十一月來屬。 北有碭山，又有芒山，皆與南直碭山縣界，又睢水、澮水皆在縣南。 又南有泡水，弘治間淤塞。
Yongcheng County lies southeast of the prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 1 it was placed under Kaifeng Prefecture. In the eleventh month it was transferred here. To the north are Mount Dang and Mount Mang, both on the border with Dangshan County in Nan Zhili; the Sui and Hui rivers also lie south of the county. To the south is also the Pao River, which silted up during the Hongzhi era.
60
虞城府東北。 元屬濟寧路。 洪武二年正月來屬。 南有故城。 嘉靖九年遷於今治。 北有黃河。
Yucheng County lies northeast of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was subordinate to Jining Route. In the first month of Hongwu 2 it was transferred here. To the south is the old city. In Jiajing 9 the seat was moved to the present site. To the north is the Yellow River.
61
睢州元屬汴梁路。 洪武初，屬開封府，以州治襄邑縣省入。 十年五月降爲縣。 十三年十一月復升爲州。 嘉靖二十四年六月來屬。 北濱河。 又有睢水亦在州東北。 東距府百七十里。 領縣二：
Suizhou—under the Yuan it was subordinate to Bianliang Route. At the beginning of Hongwu it was subordinate to Kaifeng Prefecture, and its seat county Xiangyi was abolished and merged in. In the fifth month of year 10 it was reduced to a county. In the eleventh month of year 13 it was again elevated to a zhou. In the sixth month of Jiajing 24 it was transferred here. To the north it borders the river. The Sui River also lies to the northeast of the zhou. It lies one hundred seventy li east of the prefecture. It governed two counties:
62
考城州北。 元末省。 洪武四年八月復置，屬開封府。 十年五月復省。 十三年十一月復置，屬州。 舊治在縣東南。 正統十三年徙。 北濱大河。
Kaocheng—north of Suizhou. At the end of the Yuan it was abolished. In the eighth month of Hongwu 4 it was re-established, subordinate to Kaifeng Prefecture. In the fifth month of year 10 it was abolished again. In the eleventh month of year 13 it was re-established, subordinate to the zhou. The old seat lay southeast of the county. In Zhengtong 13 it was moved. To the north it borders the Great River.
63
柘城州東南。 元末省。 洪武四年八月復置，屬開封府。 十年五月省入寧陵縣。 十三年十一月復置，屬州。 北有睢水。 南有渦水。
Zhecheng—southeast of Suizhou. At the end of the Yuan it was abolished. In the eighth month of Hongwu 4 it was re-established, subordinate to Kaifeng Prefecture. In the fifth month of year 10 it was abolished and merged into Ningling County. In the eleventh month of year 13 it was re-established, subordinate to the zhou. To the north is the Sui River. To the south is the Wo River.
64
汝寧府元直隸河南江北行省。 洪武初，因之。 領州二，縣十二。 距布政司四百六十里。
Runing Prefecture—under the Yuan it reported directly to the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat. At the beginning of Hongwu the arrangement was kept. It governed two subordinate zhou and twelve counties. It lay four hundred sixty li from the provincial administration commission.
65
真陽府東。 元屬息州。 洪武四年省入汝陽縣。 景泰四年置真陽鎮巡檢司於此。 弘治十八年十二月仍置縣，而徙巡檢司於縣南銅鐘店，仍故名，尋廢。 南有淮水。 又汝水在縣東，北有滇水流入焉。
Zhenyuan County lies east of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was subordinate to Xi Prefecture. In Hongwu 4 it was abolished and merged into Ruyang County. In Jingtai 4 the Zhenyuan town patrol inspectorate was established here. In the twelfth month of Hongzhi 18 the county was re-established, but the patrol inspectorate was moved to Tongzhong shop south of the county under the old name and was soon abolished. To the south is the Huai River. The Ru River also lies east of the county; from the north the Dian River flows into it.
66
上蔡府北。 洪武初廢，四年五月復置。 西有汝水，西南有沙水流合焉。
Shangcai County lies north of the prefecture. It was abolished at the beginning of Hongwu; in the fifth month of year 4 it was re-established. To the west is the Ru River; from the southwest the Sha River flows to join it.
67
新蔡府東少南。 元屬息州，後廢。 洪武四年五月復置，改屬。 南有汝水，又澺水自城北流合焉。 又東北有瓦店巡檢司。
Xincai County lies east and slightly south of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was subordinate to Xi Prefecture; later it was abolished. In the fifth month of Hongwu 4 it was re-established and reassigned here. To the south is the Ru River; the Shi River also flows from north of the city to join it. To the northeast is also the Wadian patrol inspectorate.
68
西平府西北。 北有汝水，源出縣西南雲莊、諸石二山。 自元末堨斷故汝，而此水遂爲汝源。 嘉靖九年復塞，改爲洪河之上流。
Xiping County lies northwest of the prefecture. To the north is the Ru River, whose source issues from Yunzhuang and Zhushi mountains in the southwest of the county. Since late Yuan a dyke had cut off the old Ru, and this stream became the source of the Ru. In Jiajing 9 it was blocked again and made the upper reach of the Hong River.
69
確山府西南。 洪武十年五月省入汝陽縣，十三年十一月復置。 成化十一年九月改屬信陽州。 弘治二年八月仍屬府。 西北有郎山，亦曰樂山。 北有黃酉河，下流爲練河，流入汝。 又西有竹溝巡檢司。 南有明港巡檢司。
Queshan County lies southwest of the prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Ruyang County; in the eleventh month of year 13 it was re-established. In the ninth month of Chenghua 11 its affiliation was changed to Xinyang Prefecture. In the eighth month of Hongzhi 2 it was again subordinate to the prefecture. To the northwest is Mount Lang, also called Mount Le. To the north is the Huangyou River; its lower course is the Lian River, which flows into the Ru. To the west is also the Zhugou patrol inspectorate. To the south is the Minggang patrol inspectorate.
70
遂平府西少北。 西南有查牙山，其東南相接者曰馬鞍山。 又西有洪山，龍陂之源出焉，自西平縣雲莊諸山之水既塞，遂以此爲汝源。 南有灈水，又有沙河，又北有石洋河，其下流皆入於汝。
Suiping County lies west and slightly north of the prefecture. To the southwest is Zhaya Mountain; adjoining it to the southeast is Mount Ma'an. Farther west is Mount Hong, whence the Longbei source issues; after the waters of Yunzhuang and the other mountains in Xiping County were blocked, this became the source of the Ru. To the south is the Zhuo River, with the Sha River; to the north is the Shiyang River—all drain into the Ru.
71
信陽州元爲信陽縣，屬信陽州，後廢。 洪武元年十月置信陽州於此，屬河南分省。 四年二月屬中都臨濠府。 七年八月改屬。 十年五月降爲縣。 成化十一年九月復升爲州。 西南有賢首山。 南有士雅山，又有峴山。 東南有石城山，亦曰冥山。 北有淮水，又南有溮水流入焉。 東北距府二百七十里。 領縣一：
Xinyang Prefecture—under the Yuan it was Xinyang County, subordinate to Xinyang Prefecture; later it was abolished. In the tenth month of Hongwu 1 Xinyang Prefecture was established here, subordinate to the Henan Branch Secretariat. In the second month of year 4 it was placed under Zhongdu Linhao Prefecture. In the eighth month of year 7 it was reassigned here. In the fifth month of year 10 it was reduced to a county. In the ninth month of Chenghua 11 it was again elevated to a zhou. To the southwest is Xianshou Mountain. To the south are Shiya Mountain and Xian Mountain. To the southeast is Shicheng Mountain, also called Mount Ming. To the north is the Huai River; from the south the Shi River also flows into it. It lay two hundred seventy li northeast of the prefecture. It governed one county:
72
羅山州東。 元信陽州治，後州縣俱廢。 洪武元年十月置州於舊信陽縣，復置羅山縣屬焉。 十年五月直隸汝寧府。 成化十一年九月還屬州。 北有淮水，又南有小黃河入焉。 東南有大勝關巡檢司，與湖廣黃陂界。 西南有九里關，好黃峴關，義陽三關之一，有巡檢司，與湖廣應山縣界。
Luoshan County lies east of the zhou. Under the Yuan it had been the seat of Xinyang zhou; later the zhou and its counties were all abolished. In the tenth month of Hongwu 1 a zhou was established at the old Xinyang county seat, and Luoshan County was restored under it. In the fifth month of year 10 it was placed directly under Runing Prefecture. In the ninth month of Chenghua 11 it was again made subordinate to the zhou. To the north is the Huai River; from the south the Little Yellow River also flows into it. To the southeast is the Dasheng Pass patrol inspectorate, on the border with Huangpi in Huguang. To the southwest are Jiuli Pass and Haohuangxian Pass—one of the three Yiyang passes—with a patrol inspectorate, on the border with Yingshan County in Huguang.
73
光州洪武初，以州治定城縣省入。 四年二月改屬中都臨濠府。 十三年仍來屬。 北有淮水。 又南有潢水，北流入淮水。 西南有陰山關。 西北距府三百里。 領縣四：
Guang Prefecture—at the beginning of Hongwu its seat county Dingcheng was abolished and merged in. In the second month of year 4 it was placed under Zhongdu Linhao Prefecture. In year 13 it was again assigned here. To the north is the Huai River. To the south is also the Huang River, which flows north into the Huai. To the southwest is Yinshan Pass. It lay three hundred li northwest of the prefecture. It governed four counties:
74
光山州西南。 南有石盤山。 北濱淮。 南有潢水，亦曰官渡河。 又南有木陵關。 西南又有白沙、土門、鬥木嶺、黃土嶺、修善衝等五關，與湖廣麻城縣界。 東南有牛山鎮巡檢司，後移於長潭。 又有沙窩鎮巡檢司，後廢。
Guangshan County lies southwest of the zhou. To the south is Shipan Mountain. To the north it borders the Huai. To the south is the Huang River, also called the Guandu River. To the south is also Muling Pass. To the southwest are also Baisha, Tumen, Doumuling, Huangtuling, and Xiushanchong—five passes in all—on the border with Macheng County in Huguang. To the southeast is the Niushan town patrol inspectorate, later moved to Changtan. It also had the Shawo town patrol inspectorate, later abolished.
75
固始州東北。 南有白鹿崖。 北濱淮。 東有史河，西有淠河，俱入南直霍丘縣界，下流入淮。 又東北有硃皋鎮，與南直潁州界，有巡檢司。
Gushi County lies northeast of the zhou. To the south is Bailu Cliff. To the north it borders the Huai. To the east is the Shi River and to the west the Pi River; both enter Huoqiu County territory in Nan Zhili and flow downstream into the Huai. To the northeast is also Zhugao town, on the border with Yingzhou in Nan Zhili, with a patrol inspectorate.
76
息州西北。 元息州，洪武四年二月屬中都臨濠府。 尋降爲縣，屬潁州。 七年仍來屬。 南濱淮。 東北有汝水。 北有楊莊店巡檢司，後移於縣東北之固城倉。
Xi County lies northwest of the zhou. Under the Yuan it was Xi zhou; in the second month of Hongwu 4 it was placed under Zhongdu Linhao Prefecture. It was soon reduced to a county subordinate to Ying Prefecture. In year 7 it was again assigned here. To the south it borders the Huai. To the northeast is the Ru River. To the north is the Yangzhuangdian patrol inspectorate, later moved to the Gucheng warehouse northeast of the county.
77
商城州東南。 成化十一年四月析固始縣地置。 南有金剛台山。 又東南有竹根山。 東有大蘇山，灌水出焉，流入南直霍丘縣。 又東有牛山河，即史河上源也。 西南有五水關河。 又南有五河，下流俱入於史河。 又南有金剛臺巡檢司，本置金剛台山下，嘉靖二十七年移於縣東南之水東案。 又南有長嶺關，東南有松子關，俱接湖廣羅田縣界。
Shangcheng County lies southeast of the zhou. In the fourth month of Chenghua 11 it was established from territory carved out of Gushi County. To the south is Jingangtai Mountain. To the southeast is also Zhugen Mountain. To the east is Dasu Mountain, where the Guan River rises and flows into Huoqiu County in Nan Zhili. To the east is also the Niushan River, the upper source of the Shi River. To the southwest is the Wushui Pass River. To the south are also five rivers whose lower reaches all join the Shi River. To the south is also the Jingangtai patrol inspectorate, first established below Jingangtai Mountain; in Jiajing 27 it was moved to Shuidong'an southeast of the county. To the south is also Changling Pass, and to the southeast Songzi Pass—both on the border with Luotian County in Huguang.
78
南陽府元直隸河南江北行省。 洪武初，因之。 領州二，縣十一。 距布政司六百八十里。
Nanyang Prefecture—under the Yuan it reported directly to the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat. At the beginning of Hongwu the arrangement continued. It governed two zhou and eleven counties. It lay six hundred eighty li from the provincial administration commission.
79
南陽倚。 洪武二十四年建唐王府。 城南有精山。 北有百重山、雉衡山。 又有分水嶺，其水北流入於汝水，南流入於淯水。 西南有臥龍岡。 東有淯水，一名白河，下流至湖廣襄陽縣界入漢水。 西南有湍水，西北有洱水，皆流入淯水。
Nanyang (seat-attached county). In Hongwu 24 the residence of the Prince of Tang was built. South of the city is Jing Mountain. To the north are Baizhong Mountain and Zhiheng Mountain. There is also a watershed ridge whose northern streams flow into the Ru River and whose southern streams flow into the Yu River. To the southwest is Wolong Mound. To the east is the Yu River, also called the White River, which downstream at the border with Xiangyang County in Huguang enters the Han. To the southwest is the Tuan River and to the northwest the Er River; both flow into the Yu.
80
鎮平府西。 洪武十年五月省入南陽縣。 十三年十一月復置。 西北有五朵山，產銅。 東有潦河，流入淯河。
Zhenping County lies west of the prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Nanyang County. In the eleventh month of year 13 it was restored. To the northwest is Wuduo Mountain, which produces copper. To the east is the Lao River, which flows into the Yu River.
81
唐府東南。 洪武三年以故比陽縣地置。 南有唐子山。 東北有大狐山，亦曰壺山，沘水所出。 又西有黃淳水，又有泌水，下流皆入淯水。 又東北有石夾口關。
Tang County lies southeast of the prefecture. In Hongwu 3 it was established on the territory of the former Biyang County. To the south is Tangzi Mountain. To the northeast is Dahu Mountain, also called Hu Mountain, where the Bi River rises. To the west are also the Huangchun River and the Mi River, whose lower reaches both join the Yu. To the northeast is also Shijiakou Pass.
82
泌陽府東。 元爲唐州治。 洪武二年二月省入州。 十三年十一月，州廢，復置縣。 東有銅山，泌水出焉。 又北有潕水，東北有瀙水，下流俱入汝水。 又象河關在縣東北，有巡檢司。
Biyang County lies east of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was the seat of Tang Prefecture. In the second month of Hongwu 2 it was abolished and merged into the zhou. In the eleventh month of year 13 the zhou was abolished and the county was restored. To the east is Tong Mountain, where the Mi River rises. To the north is also the Wu River and to the northeast the Ying River; both flow downstream into the Ru. Xianghe Pass lies northeast of the county, with a patrol inspectorate.
83
桐柏府東南。 本唐縣之桐柏鎮巡檢司。 成化十二年十二月改置縣，而移巡檢司於毛家集。 東有桐柏山，淮水所經，下流至南直安東縣入海，行二千三百餘里。 又東有大復山。 西北有胎簪山，淮水所出。 又西有澧水，亦曰醴水，下流入泌水。
Tongbai County lies southeast of the prefecture. It was originally the Tongbai town patrol inspectorate of Tang County. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was upgraded to a county and the patrol inspectorate was moved to Maojiaji. To the east is Tongbai Mountain, through which the Huai passes; downstream at Andong County in Nan Zhili it reaches the sea, a course of more than two thousand three hundred li. To the east is also Dafu Mountain. To the northwest is Taizan Mountain, where the Huai rises. To the west is also the Li River, also written as the Ceremonial Li River, whose lower reach joins the Mi.
84
南召府北。 成化十二年十二月以南陽縣南召堡置。 北有丹霞山，一名留山。 北有魯陽關，即三鴉路口也，與魯山縣界。 有鴉路鎮巡檢司，成化十二年十二月移於窪石口。
Nanzhao County lies north of the prefecture. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was established from Nanzhao Fort in Nanyang County. To the north is Danxia Mountain, also called Liu Mountain. To the north is Luyang Pass—the Sanya Road junction—on the border with Lushan County. It had the Yalu town patrol inspectorate, moved in the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 to Wadong Pass.
85
鄧州元治穰縣。 洪武二年二月，縣廢。 十三年十一月復置縣。 十四年五月復省入州。 南有析隈山。 西北有白崖山。 北有湍水，又東有涅水，亦名趙河，自北來入焉。 東北距府百二十里。 領縣三：
Deng Prefecture—under the Yuan it administered Rang County. In the second month of Hongwu 2 the county was abolished. In the eleventh month of year 13 the county was restored. In the fifth month of year 14 it was again abolished and merged into the zhou. To the south is Xiyin Mountain. To the northwest is Baiya Mountain. To the north is the Tuan River; to the east is also the Nie River, also called the Zhao River, which enters from the north. It lay one hundred twenty li northeast of the prefecture. It governed three counties:
86
內鄉州北少西。 東有熊耳山，湍水所出。 西南有淅水，又有丹水。 又北有菊潭。 東北有金斗山巡檢司，後廢。 又西北有西硤口關巡檢司。 又西南有黨子口關。 又西有武關，路出陝西商州。
Neixiang County lies slightly west of north from the zhou. To the east is Mt. Xiong'er, whence the Tuan River issues. To the southwest are the Xi and Dan rivers. To the north is also the Jutan pool. To the northeast was the Jindou Mountain patrol inspectorate, later abolished. To the northwest is the Xixiakou Pass patrol inspectorate. To the southwest is Dangzikou Pass. To the west is Wuguan, on the route to Shangzhou in Shaanxi.
87
新野州東南。 西有清水，又有湍水，又北有沘水，東有棘水，皆流入於淯水。
Xinye zhou lies southeast of the prefecture. To the west are the Qing and Tuan rivers; to the north the Bi River and to the east the Ji River—all drain into the Yu.
88
淅川州西。 成化六年析內鄉縣地置。 東南有太白山。 又有丹崖山。 東有均水，又西南有淅水，北有丹水俱流入焉，南入於漢水。 西北有花園頭巡檢司，又有荊子口關。 又西有峽口鎮，南接湖廣均州界。
Xichuan zhou lies west of the prefecture. In Chenghua 6 territory was carved from Neixiang County to establish it. To the southeast is Mt. Taibai. There is also Mt. Danya. To the east is the Jun River; the Xi from the southwest and the Dan from the north all flow in and then south into the Han. To the northwest is the Huayuantou patrol inspectorate, and also Jingzikou Pass. To the west is Xiakou town, which on the south adjoins the border of Junzhou in Huguang.
89
裕州洪武初，以州治方城縣省入。 東北有方城山，渚水出焉，下流入沘水。 西南距府百二十里。 領縣二：
Yu zhou—in early Hongwu the seat county Fangcheng was abolished and merged into the zhou. To the northeast is Mt. Fangcheng, whence the Zhu River issues and flows down into the Bi. It lies one hundred twenty li southwest of the prefectural seat. It governed two counties:
90
舞陽州東北。 汝水在縣北，舊入西平縣界，元末於渦河堨斷其流，使東歸潁，而西平之水始別爲汝源。 南有潕水，亦曰舞水，又有瀙水，下流俱入於汝寧府之汝水。 西南有沙水，即水也。 又北有澧水，下流歸故汝水。
Wuyang County lies northeast of the zhou. The Ru River runs along the north of the county; it had formerly entered Xiping County, but at the end of the Yuan an embankment on the Wo River cut its course and forced it east back to the Ying, so that the waters of Xiping first became a separate source of the Ru. To the south are the Wu River, also called the Wu River, and the Ying River; their lower reaches all join the Ru of Runing Prefecture. To the southwest is the Sha River, which is the Chan River. To the north is also the Li River, whose lower course rejoins the old Ru.
91
葉州北少東。 北有黃城山，一名長城山，有汝水。 又北有湛水，流入汝。 東北有沙水，一名水，又名泜水，又北有昆水入焉，下流入於汝。 又北有昆陽關。
Ye County lies slightly east of north from the zhou. To the north is Mt. Huangcheng, also called Mt. Changcheng, with the Ru River. To the north is also the Zhan River, which flows into the Ru. To the northeast is the Sha River, also called the Chan and the Zhi; the Kun River from the north also joins it, and the lower course flows into the Ru. To the north is also Kunyang Pass.
92
懷慶府元懷慶路，直隸中書省。 洪武元年十月爲府，屬河南分省。 領縣六。 東南距布政司三百里。
Huaqing Prefecture—under the Yuan it was Huaqing Route, directly subordinate to the Central Secretariat. In the tenth month of Hongwu 1 it became a prefecture, subordinate to the Henan Branch Secretariat. It governed six counties. It lay three hundred li southeast of the provincial administration commission.
93
河內倚。 永樂二十二年建衛王府。 正統三年除。 八年，鄭王府自陝西鳳翔府遷此。 北有太行山，又有碗子城山，上有關。 又有沁河，源出山西沁源縣，流入府境，下流至武陟入大河。 又有丹河，自澤州流入，注於沁河。 又西有柏鄉城，崇禎四年築。
Henei was the prefectural seat. In Yongle 22 the mansion of the Prince of Wei was built. In Zhengtong 3 it was abolished. In year 8 the mansion of the Prince of Zheng was moved here from Fengxiang Prefecture in Shaanxi. To the north are the Taihang range and Mt. Wanzicheng, on which stands a pass. There is also the Qin River, rising in Qinyuan County in Shanxi; it enters the prefecture and below Wuzhi joins the Great River. There is also the Dan River, which flows in from Zezhou and empties into the Qin. To the west is also Baixiang fort, built in Chongzhen 4.
94
濟源府西。 元屬孟州。 洪武十年五月改屬府。 南濱大河。 西有王屋山，接山西垣曲縣界，濟水出焉。 西北有琮山，溴水出焉。 又東北有沁水，經兩山之間，一名枋口水。 又西北有軹關。 西有邵原鎮巡檢司。
Jiyuan County lies west of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was subordinate to Mengzhou. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was reassigned to the prefecture. To the south it borders the Great River. To the west is Mt. Wangwu, on the border with Yuanqu County in Shanxi, whence the Ji River issues. To the northwest is Mt. Cong, whence the Ju River issues. To the northeast the Qin River runs between the two mountains, also called the Fangkou River. To the northwest is also Zhi Pass. To the west is the Shaoyuan town patrol inspectorate.
95
修武府東少北。 西有沁水。
Xiuwu County lies slightly north of east from the prefecture. To the west is the Qin River.
96
武陟府東。 大河在縣南。 東有沁河，至南賈口入焉。 又東北有蓮花池，萬曆十五年，沁河決此。 又西北有寧郭城，景泰中築。
Wuzhi County lies east of the prefecture. The Great River lies south of the county. To the east is the Qin River, which joins the Great River at Nanjiakou. To the northeast is also Lotus Pool, where the Qin burst in Wanli 15. To the northwest is also Ningguo fort, built in the Jingtai reign.
97
孟府南少西。 元孟州。 洪武初，以州治河陽縣省入。 十年五月降爲縣。 西南濱大河。
Meng County lies slightly west of south from the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was Mengzhou. In early Hongwu the seat county Heyang was abolished and merged into the zhou. In the fifth month of year 10 it was reduced to a county. To the southwest it borders the Great River.
98
溫府東南。 元屬孟州。 洪武十年五月改屬府。 南濱大河，溴水自西北流入焉。 又西南有濟水，舊自濟源縣流經沇河鎮，南注於河，後其道盡入河中。
Wen County lies southeast of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was subordinate to Mengzhou. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was reassigned to the prefecture. To the south it borders the Great River, into which the Ju River flows from the northwest. To the southwest is also the Ji River, which formerly ran from Jiyuan County through Yanhe town and south into the Yellow River, but later its entire course was swallowed by the river.
99
汲倚。 弘治四年八月建汝王府。 嘉靖二十年除。 隆慶五年二月建潞王府。 北有衛河，源出輝縣，下流至北直靜海縣入海，行二千餘里，又東北有淇門鎮。
Ji was the prefectural seat. In the eighth month of Hongzhi 4 the mansion of the Prince of Ru was built. In Jiajing 20 it was abolished. In the second month of Longqing 5 the mansion of the Prince of Lu was built. To the north is the Wei River, rising in Huixian and flowing more than two thousand li to Jinghai County in Beizhi before reaching the sea; to the northeast is also Qimen town.
100
胙城府東少南。 洪武十年五月省入汲縣。 十三年十一月復置。
Zuofu County lies slightly south of east from the prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Ji County. In the eleventh month of year 13 it was re-established.
101
新鄉府西南。 北有衛河。 西北有清水。 又西南有大河故道，正統十三年河決縣之八柳樹由此，尋塞。 西有古沁河，永樂十三年後，時決時涸。
Xinxiang County lies southwest of the prefecture. To the north is the Wei River. To the northwest is the Qing River. To the southwest is also the old course of the Great River; in Zhengtong 13 the river broke through at the county's Eight Willows here and was soon dammed again. To the west is the ancient Qin River, which after Yongle 13 alternately burst its banks and ran dry.
102
獲嘉府西少南。 洪武十年五月省入新鄉縣，十三年十一月復置。 大河舊在縣南。 天順六年中，河自武陟徙入原武，而縣界之流絕。 北有清水，又有小丹河合焉。
Huojia County lies slightly south of west from the prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Xinxiang County; in the eleventh month of year 13 it was re-established. The Great River had formerly lain south of the county. In the middle of Tianshun 6 the river shifted from Wuzhi into Yuanwu, and the stream along the county border dried up. To the north is the Qing River, into which the lesser Dan River also flows.
103
彰德府元彰德路，直隸中書省。 洪武元年閏七月爲府。 十月屬河南分省。 領州一，縣六。 南距布政司三百六十里。
Zhangde Prefecture—under the Yuan it was Zhangde Route, directly subordinate to the Central Secretariat. In the intercalary seventh month of Hongwu 1 it became a prefecture. In the tenth month it was placed under the Henan Branch Secretariat. It governed one zhou and six counties. It lay three hundred sixty li south of the provincial administration commission.
104
臨漳府東北。 元末廢。 洪武元年九月復置。 西有清、濁二漳水，合流於此，曰交漳口，入北直界。 又有滏水，下流入於漳河。 西南又有洹水。
Linzhang County lies northeast of the prefecture. At the end of the Yuan it was abolished. In the ninth month of Hongwu 1 it was re-established. To the west are the clear and muddy Zhang rivers, which unite here at Jiaozhangkou and cross into Beizhi. There is also the Fu River, whose lower course joins the Zhang. To the southwest is also the Huan River.
105
林府西，少南。 元林州，後廢。 洪武元年九月復置。 二年四月降爲縣。 西北有隆慮山，亦曰林慮，洹水出焉。 又西南有天平山。 西有太行山。 又北有濁漳水，自山西平順縣流入。
Lin County lies west and slightly south of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it was Linzhou; later it was abolished. In the ninth month of Hongwu 1 it was re-established. In the fourth month of year 2 it was reduced to a county. To the northwest is Longyu Mountain, also called Linyu, whence the Huan River issues. To the southwest is also Tianping Mountain. To the west are the Taihang Mountains. Also to the north is the Zhuo-Zhang River, which enters from Pingshun County in Shanxi.
106
磁州元治滏陽縣，屬廣平路，後州縣俱廢。 洪武元年十一月復置州，屬廣平府。 二年四月來屬。 西北有神麇山，滏水出焉。 又南有清漳水。 北有車騎關巡檢司。 南距府七十里。 領縣二：
Under the Yuan, Cizhou administered Fuyang County and belonged to the Guangping Route; later both the prefecture and its counties were abolished. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 1 the prefecture was re-established and placed under Guangping Prefecture. In the fourth month of year 2 it was transferred here. To the northwest is Mt. Shenjun, whence the Fu River issues. To the south is also the Qing-Zhang River. To the north is the patrol-inspection office at Cheji Pass. It lies seventy li south of the prefectural seat. It administers two counties:
107
武安州西北。 元末廢。 洪武元年十一月復置。 東南有滏山，滏水出焉。 西南有磁山，產磁石。 東北有洺河，流入北直邯鄲縣界。 又西有固鎮巡檢司。
Wu'an County lies northwest of the prefecture. It was abolished at the end of the Yuan. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 1 it was re-established. To the southeast is Mt. Fu, whence the Fu River issues. To the southwest is Mt. Ci, which produces magnetite. To the northeast is the Ming River, which flows into the border of Handan County in North Zhili. To the west is also the patrol-inspection office at Guzhen.
108
涉州西少北。 元屬真定路，後廢。 洪武元年十一月復置，屬真定府。 二年四月來屬。 南有涉水，即清漳水也，自山西黎城縣流入。 又東北有偏店巡檢司，後移於縣西南之吾而峪口。
She Prefecture lies slightly north of west from the prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to the Zhending Route and was later abolished. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 1 it was re-established and placed under Zhending Prefecture. In the fourth month of year 2 it was transferred here. To the south is the She River—the Qing-Zhang River—which enters from Licheng County in Shanxi. To the northeast is the patrol-inspection office at Pian Store, later moved to Wu'eryu Pass southwest of the county.
109
汝州元屬南陽府。 洪武初，以州治樑縣省入。 成化十二年九月直隸布政司。 東南有霍山。 又有魚齒山，涉水出於此，入葉縣界。 又西南有鳴皋山。 又有空峒山。 南有汝水。 西有廣成澤。 領縣四。 東北距布政司四百九十里。
Under the Yuan, Ruzhou belonged to Nanyang Prefecture. In early Hongwu the seat-administered Liang County was annexed into the prefecture. In the ninth month of Chenghua 12 it was placed directly under the Provincial Administration Commission. To the southeast is Mt. Huo. There is also Mt. Yuchi, whence the She River issues and flows into Ye County. To the southwest is also Mt. Minggao. There is also Mt. Kongtong. To the south is the Ru River. To the west is Guangcheng Marsh. It administers four counties. It lies four hundred ninety li northeast of the provincial administration commission.
110
魯山州西南。 東有魯山。 西有堯山，水所出，西南有波水流入焉。 又西北有歇馬嶺關巡檢司。
Lushan County lies southwest of the prefecture. To the east is Mt. Lu. To the west is Mt. Yao, whence the Zhi River issues; from the southwest the Bo River flows in to join it. To the northwest is the patrol-inspection office at Xiema Ridge Pass.
111
郟州東少南。 東南有汝水，西有扈澗水流入焉。
Jia County lies slightly south of east from the prefecture. To the southeast is the Ru River; to the west the Hu Stream flows in to join it.
112
寶丰州東南。 成化十一年四月析汝州地置。 南有汝水，又有水。
Baofeng County lies southeast of the prefecture. In the fourth month of Chenghua 11 it was established from territory carved out of Ruzhou. To the south are the Ru and Zhi rivers.
113
伊陽州西少南。 成化十二年十二月以汝州之伊闕故縣置，析嵩及魯山二縣地益之。 西有伊陽山。 又有堯山，即天息山也，上有分水嶺，水出焉，俗又名沙水。 又南有汝水。 西有伊水。 西南有上店鎮巡檢司，成化十二年十二月移於常界嶺。 又有普浗關巡檢司，廢。
Yiyang County lies slightly south of west from the prefecture. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was established from Ruzhou's former Yique County, with additional territory carved from Song and Lushan counties. To the west is Mt. Yiyang. There is also Mt. Yao—that is, Mt. Tianxi—with a watershed divide whence the Zhi River issues, popularly also called the Sha River. To the south is also the Ru River. To the west is the Yi River. To the southwest is the patrol-inspection office at Shangdian town, moved in the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 to Changjie Ridge. There was also a patrol-inspection office at Puyong Pass, now abolished.
114
陝西《禹貢》雍、樑二州之域。 元置陝西等處行中書省，治奉元路。 又置甘肅等處行中書省。 治甘州路。 洪武二年四月置陝西等處行中書省。 治西安府。 三年十二月置西安都衛。 與行中書省同治。 八年十月改都衛爲陝西都指揮使司。 九年六月改行中書省爲承宣布政使司。 領府八，屬州二十一，縣九十有五。 爲裏三千五百九十七。 東至華陰，與河南、山西界。 南至紫陽，與湖廣、四川界。 北至河套，西至肅州。 外爲邊地。 距南京二千四百三十里，京師二千六百五十里。 洪武二十六年編戶二十九萬四千五百二十六，口二百三十一萬六千五百六十九。 弘治四年，戶三十萬六千六百四十四，口三百九十一萬二千三百七十。 萬曆六年，戶三十九萬四千四百二十三，口四百五十萬二千六十七。
Shaanxi lay within the Yugong domains of Yong and Liang. The Yuan established the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat, seated at Fengyuan Route. A Gansu Branch Secretariat was also established. It was seated at Ganzhou Route. In the fourth month of Hongwu 2 the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat was established. It was seated at Xi'an Prefecture. In the twelfth month of year 3 the Xi'an Chief Guard was established. It shared the same seat as the Branch Secretariat. In the tenth month of year 8 the chief guard was changed to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission. In the sixth month of year 9 the branch secretariat became the Provincial Administration Commission. It administered eight prefectures, twenty-one subordinate zhou, and ninety-five counties. Its registered li totaled three thousand five hundred ninety-seven. Eastward to Huayin, bordering Henan and Shanxi. Southward to Ziyang, bordering Huguang and Sichuan. Northward to Hetao and westward to Suzhou. Beyond lay the borderlands. It was two thousand four hundred thirty li from Nanjing and two thousand six hundred fifty li from the capital. In Hongwu 26 registered households numbered 294,526 and population 2,316,569. In Hongzhi 4 there were 306,644 households and a population of 3,912,370. In Wanli 6 there were 394,423 households and a population of 4,502,067.
115
西安府元奉元路，屬陝西行省。 洪武二年三月改爲西安府。 領州六，縣三十一：
Xi'an Prefecture was the Yuan's Fengyuan Route, under the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat. In the third month of Hongwu 2 it was renamed Xi'an Prefecture. It administered six zhou and thirty-one counties:
116
長安倚。 治西偏。 洪武三年四月建秦王府。 北有龍首山。 南有終南山。 西南有太一山，又有子午谷，谷中有關。 北有渭水，源出鳥鼠山，流經縣界，至華陰入黃河。 又西有灃水。 又西北有鎬水，合滮水，又南有潏水，亦曰氵穴水，合澇水，俱北流入渭。
Chang'an (seat-attached county). The seat lay on the western wing. In the fourth month of Hongwu 3 the Qin princely establishment was built. To the north is Dragon Head Mountain. To the south are the Zhongnan Mountains. To the southwest is Mt. Taiyi; there is also Ziwu Valley, with a pass in the valley. To the north is the Wei River, rising on Bird-Rat Mountain, flowing through the county and at Huayin entering the Yellow River. To the west is also the Feng River. To the northwest is the Hao River, which joins the Bao; to the south is the Yu River, also called the Jue, which joins the Lao—all flow north into the Wei.
117
咸寧倚。 治東偏。 渭水在南。 東有滻水，合霸水流入渭。
Xianning (seat-attached county). The seat lay on the eastern wing. The Wei River lay to the south. To the east is the Chan River, which joins the Ba and flows into the Wei.
118
咸陽府西北。 舊治在渭河北，洪武二年徙於渭南。 東北有涇水，東入渭。 東南有灃水，北入渭。
Xianyang County lies northwest of the prefecture. The former seat lay north of the Wei; in Hongwu 2 it was moved to the south bank. To the northeast is the Jing River, which flows east into the Wei. To the southeast is the Feng River, which flows north into the Wei.
119
涇陽府北。 西北有甘泉山。 南有涇水，源自開頭山，流經縣界，至高陵縣入謂。 又北有冶谷水，合清谷水，下流入謂。
Jingyang County lies north of the prefecture. To the northwest is Mt. Ganquan. To the south is the Jing River, rising on Mt. Jiaotou, flowing through the county and at Gaoling entering the Wei. Also to the north is the Yegu River, which joins the Qinggu and below flows into the Wei.
120
興平府西少北。 南有渭水。
Xingping County lies slightly north of west from the prefecture. To the south is the Wei River.
121
臨潼府東少北。 東南有驪山，有溫泉。 北有渭水。 西有潼水，又東有戲水，俱北入渭。 又東有泠水，一曰零水，至零口鎮亦入渭。 又南有煮鹽驛，舊產鹽。
Lintong County lies slightly north of east from the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Mt. Li, with hot springs. To the north is the Wei River. To the west is the Tong River; farther east is the Xi River; both flow north into the Wei. To the east is also the Ling River, also called the Ling River, which at Lingkou town likewise enters the Wei. To the south is also the Zhuyan post station, which formerly produced salt.
122
渭南府東。 元屬華州。 嘉靖三十八年十一月改屬府。 北有渭水。
Weinan County lies east of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Hua Zhou. In the eleventh month of Jiajing 38 it was transferred under the prefecture. To the north is the Wei River.
123
藍田府東南。 南有七盤山，旁有糹爭坡，謂之七盤十二糹爭，藍關之險道。 又有嶢山。 東南有藍田山，有關。 西有霸水，西北有長水，亦曰荊溪，又南有輞谷水，亦曰輞川，俱注於霸水。
Lantian County lies southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south is Mt. Qipan, beside which is Zheng Slope—the place called the Seven Twists and Twelve Zhengs, the perilous road of Blue Pass. There is also Mt. Yao. To the southeast is Mt. Lantian, on which is a pass. To the west is the Ba River; to the northwest is the Chang River, also called the Jing Brook; and to the south is the Wanggu River, also called the Wangchuan—all of which flow into the Ba.
124
鄠府西南。 南有牛首山，澇水出焉。 北有渭水。 西南有甘泉，西有氵美陂，俱流合澇水，注於渭。 又灃水在南，合高觀谷、太平谷諸水，入長安縣界。
Hu County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south is Mt. Niushou, whence the Lao River issues. To the north is the Wei River. To the southwest is Gan Spring; to the west is Meipi; both join the Lao River and flow into the Wei. To the south is also the Feng River, which gathers the waters of Gaoguangu, Taipinggu, and other valleys before entering Chang'an County.
125
盩厔府西南。 西南有駱谷，谷長四百二十里，谷口有關。 谷中有十八盤、又有柴家關二巡檢司。 北有渭水。 南有龍水，西南有黑水流入焉。 又東有駱谷水，東南有芒水，並北入謂。
Zhouzhi County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is Luo Valley, four hundred twenty li long, with a pass at the valley mouth. Within the valley are the Eighteen Twists and the patrol-inspection offices at Chaijiaguan. To the north is the Wei River. To the south is the Long River, into which the Black River flows from the southwest. To the east is also the Luo Valley River; to the southeast is the Mang River; both flow north into the Wei.
126
高陵府東北。 西南有渭水，涇水自西北流合焉。
Gaoling County lies northeast of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is the Wei River, into which the Jing River flows from the northwest and joins.
127
富平府東北。 元屬耀州。 萬曆三十六年改屬府。 西南有荊山。 西北有漆沮水，舊經白水縣南入洛，自鄭渠堙廢，不復東入洛矣。 東北有美原巡檢司，尋廢。
Fuping County lies northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Yao Zhou. In Wanli 36 it was transferred under the prefecture. To the southwest is Mt. Jing. To the northwest is the Qi-Ju River, which formerly passed south of Baishui County to enter the Luo; since the Zheng Canal was silted up it no longer flows east into the Luo. To the northeast was the Meiyuan patrol-inspection office, soon abolished.
128
三原府北少東。 元屬耀州。 弘治三年十一月改屬府。 西北有堯門山。 東北有漆沮水。 西有清水，下流注於渭。
Sanyuan County lies slightly east of north from the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Yao Zhou. In the eleventh month of Hongzhi 3 it was transferred under the prefecture. To the northwest is Mt. Yaomen. To the northeast is the Qi-Ju River. To the west is the Qing River, whose lower course flows into the Wei.
129
醴泉府西北。 元屬乾州。 嘉靖三十八年十一月改屬府。 西北有九峻山，又有武將山。 東有涇水，又有甘谷水，流合焉。
Liquan County lies northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Qian Zhou. In the eleventh month of Jiajing 38 it was transferred under the prefecture. To the northwest are Mt. Jiujun and Mt. Wujiang. To the east is the Jing River, into which the Gangu River also flows and joins.
130
華州南有少華山。 北有渭水，與同州界。 西有赤水，分大小二流，又有石橋水，俱北注渭。 西距府二百里。 領縣二：
Hua Zhou: to the south is Mt. Shaohua. To the north is the Wei River, which forms the boundary with Tongzhou. To the west is the Chishui, divided into great and small streams, and the Shiqiao River; all flow north into the Wei. It lies two hundred li west of the prefectural seat. It governed two counties:
131
華陰州東。 南有華山，亦曰太華，即西嶽也。 東有牛心谷。 西南有車箱谷。 東北有大河，自朝邑縣流入，至渭口，與渭水合，所謂渭汭也。 南有敷水，北入渭。 東北有潼水，入於大河。 東有潼關。 洪武七年置潼關守禦千戶所。 九年十一月升爲衛，屬河南都司。 永樂六年直隸中軍都督府。
Huayin County lies east of the zhou. To the south is Mt. Hua, also called Taihua—the Western Peak. To the east is Niuxin Valley. To the southwest is Chexiang Valley. To the northeast is the great river, which enters from Chaoyi County and at the Wei mouth joins the Wei—the place called the Wei confluence. To the south is the Fu River, which flows north into the Wei. To the northeast is the Tong River, which enters the great river. To the east is Tong Pass. In Hongwu 7 the Tong Pass garrison defense centurionate was established. In the eleventh month of year 9 it was promoted to a guard under the Henan regional command. In Yongle 6 it was placed directly under the Central Army Commissionerate.
132
蒲城州西北。 東有洛水。 又西有西滷池，南有東滷池，舊產鹽。
Pucheng County lies northwest of the zhou. To the east is the Luo River. To the west is also the West Lu Pool; to the south is the East Lu Pool, which formerly produced salt.
133
商州洪武七年五月降爲縣。 成化十三年三月仍爲州。 東南有商洛山。 西有熊耳山，伊水所出。 南有丹崖山，舊產銅。 又有冢嶺山，洛水所出，下流至河南汜水縣入大河。 又南有丹水，流入河南內鄉縣界。 東有武關、西有秦嶺二巡檢司。 又東有龍駒寨。 西北距府二百二十里。 領縣四：
Shangzhou—in the fifth month of Hongwu 7 it was reduced to a county. In the third month of Chenghua 13 it was restored as a zhou. To the southeast is Mt. Shangluo. To the west is Mt. Xiong'er, whence the Yi River issues. To the south is Mt. Danya, which formerly produced copper. There is also Mt. Zhongling, whence the Luo River issues; downstream it reaches Sishui County in Henan and enters the great river. To the south is also the Dan River, which flows into Neixiang County in Henan. To the east is the patrol-inspection office at Wu Pass; to the west, at Qin Ridge. To the east is also Longju Stockade. It lies two hundred twenty li northwest of the prefectural seat. It governed four counties:
134
商南州東少南。 成化十三年三月以商縣之層峯驛置，尋徙治於沭河西。 西南有兩河，即丹水也，東有沭河，南有挾川，俱入焉。 東有富水堡巡檢司。
Shangnan County lies slightly south of east from the zhou. In the third month of Chenghua 13 it was established from Cengfeng Post Station in Shang County; soon afterward the seat was moved to the west bank of the Shu River. To the southwest are the Two Rivers—that is, the Dan River; to the east is the Shu River; to the south is the Jiachuan—all of which flow into it. To the east is the Fushui Fort patrol-inspection office.
135
雒南州北少東。 元曰洛南，屬商州。 洪武七年五月改屬華州。 成化十三年三月復來屬。 天啓初，改洛爲雒。 東北有魚難山，魚難水出焉，西北有玄扈山，玄扈水出焉，俱北入於洛。 東南有三要、東北有石家坡二巡檢司。
Luonan County lies slightly east of north from the zhou. Under the Yuan it was called Luonan and belonged to Shangzhou. In the fifth month of Hongwu 7 it was placed under Hua Zhou. In the third month of Chenghua 13 it was again placed under Shangzhou. At the beginning of the Tianqi reign the place-name character was changed from Luo to Luo with the water radical. To the northeast is Mt. Yunan, whence the Yunanshui issues; to the northwest is Mt. Xuanhu, whence the Xuanhu River issues; both flow north into the Luo. To the southeast is the patrol-inspection office at Sanyao; to the northeast, at Shijiapo.
136
山陽州南少東。 本商縣之豐陽巡檢司，成化十二年十二月改爲縣，而移巡檢司於縣東南之漫川裏，仍故名。 東南有天柱山。 西南有甲河，流入湖廣上津縣界，注於漢水。 又東有竹林關巡檢司。
Shanyang County lies slightly east of south from the zhou. It was originally the Fengyang patrol-inspection office of Shang County; in the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was made a county, and the patrol-inspection office was moved to Manchuanli southeast of the county, keeping its old name. To the southeast is Mt. Tianzhu. To the southwest is the Jia River, which flows into Shangjin County in Huguang and enters the Han. To the east is also the Zhulin Pass patrol-inspection office.
137
鎮安州西南。 景泰三年以咸寧縣野豬坪置，屬府。 天順七年二月遷治謝家灣。 成化十三年三月改屬州。 西有泎水，合縣南洵水入洵陽縣界，注於漢江。 北有舊縣、西有五郎壩二巡檢司。
Zhen'an County lies southwest of the zhou. In Jingtai 3 it was established from Yezhuping in Xianning County and placed under the prefecture. In the second month of Tianshun 7 the seat was moved to Xiejiawan. In the third month of Chenghua 13 it was placed under the zhou. To the west is the Zha River, which joins the Xun River south of the county and flows into Xunyang County before entering the Hanjiang. To the north is the patrol-inspection office at Old County; to the west, at Wulangba.
138
同州北有商原。 南有渭水。 西南有沮水，一名洛水。 西南距府二百六十里。 領縣五：
Tongzhou: to the north is the Shang Plain. To the south is the Wei River. To the southwest is the Ju River, also called the Luo River. It lay two hundred sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. It governed five counties:
139
朝邑州東。 東有大河。 南有渭水。 又有洛水，舊自縣南經華陰縣西北葫蘆灘入謂； 成化中，自縣南趙渡鎮徑入於河，不復入渭。 東北有臨晉關，一名大慶關，即浦津關也，舊屬浦州，洪武九年八月來屬。 有浦津關巡檢司。
Chaoyi County lies east of the zhou. To the east is the great river. To the south is the Wei River. There is also the Luo River, which formerly ran south of the county, passed Hugou Beach northwest of Huayin County, and entered the Wei; during the Chenghua reign it was diverted at Zhaodu town south of the county to enter the river directly and no longer joined the Wei. To the northeast is Linjin Pass, also called Daqing Pass—that is, Pujin Pass—which had belonged to Pu Zhou and in the eighth month of Hongwu 9 was placed under this zhou. There is a patrol-inspection office at Pujin Pass.
140
郃陽州東北。 東有黃河。
Heyang County lies northeast of the zhou. To the east is the Yellow River.
141
韓城州東北。 西有梁山，一名呂梁山，濱大河。 東北有龍門山，夾河對峙。
Hancheng County lies northeast of the zhou. To the west is Mt. Liang, also called Mt. Lüliang, on the great river. To the northeast is Mt. Longmen, where the cliffs face one another across the river.
142
澄城州北，西有洛水。
Chengcheng County lies north of the zhou; to the west is the Luo River.
143
白水州西北。 南有故城。 洪武初，徙於今治。 西有洛水，白水流入焉。 西北有馬蓮灘巡檢司。
Baishui County lies northwest of the zhou. To the south is the old city site. At the beginning of Hongwu the seat was moved to the present location. To the west is the Luo River, into which the Baishui flows. To the northwest is the Malian Beach patrol-inspection office.
144
耀州東有沮水，西有漆水流入焉。 又有清水，流入三原縣界。 南距府百八十里。 領縣一：
Yaozhou: to the east is the Ju River; to the west the Qi River flows into it. There is also the Qing River, which flows into Sanyuan County. It lay one hundred eighty li south of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:
145
同官州東北。 北有神水峽，峽內有金鎖關巡檢司。 又西北有北高山，漆水出焉，東南流與同官川水合。 又東有沮水，南有安公谷水，其下流合於沮水。
Tongguan County lies northeast of the zhou. To the north is Shenshui Gorge, within which is the Jinsuo Pass patrol-inspection office. Farther northwest is North High Mountain, whence the Qi River issues; it flows southeast and joins the Tongguan River. To the east is also the Ju River; to the south is the Angu Valley River, whose lower course joins the Ju.
146
乾州西北有梁山，接岐山縣界。 其南有漠谷，漠谷水經其下，流爲武水。 又東北有甘谷水。 又西有武亭水。 東南距府百六十里。 領縣二：
Qianzhou: to the northwest is Mt. Liang, on the border with Qishan County. South of it is Mo Valley; the Mo Valley River runs beneath it and becomes the Wu River. To the northeast is also the Gangu River. To the west is also the Wuting River. It lay one hundred sixty li southeast of the prefectural seat. It governed two counties:
147
武功州西南。 西南有太白山，又有武功山。 東南有忄享物山。 南有渭水。 又西有漠谷水，又有武亭水，自縣東北流合焉。 俱匯於湋水。
Wugong County lies southwest of the zhou. To the southwest are Mt. Taibai and Mt. Wugong. To the southeast is Mt. Dunwu. To the south is the Wei River. To the west are also the Mo Valley and Wuting rivers, which unite northeast of the county. Both then flow into the Tang River.
148
永壽州北。 東有涇水。 西南有錦川河，下流爲漠谷水。 有土副巡檢司。 又有穆陵關。
Yongshou County lies north of the zhou. To the east is the Jing River. To the southwest is the Jin River, whose lower course becomes the Mo Valley River. There is a Tufu patrol-inspection office. There is also Muling Pass.
149
邠州元直隸陝西行省。 洪武中來屬，以州治新平縣省入。 北有涇水。 西南有白土川，亦名漆水，東南注於渭水。 與入洛之漆異。 東南距府三百五十里。 領縣三：
Binzhou under the Yuan was directly subordinate to the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat. In the Hongwu period it was placed under the prefecture, and the seat county Xinping was abolished and merged into the zhou. To the north is the Jing River. To the southwest is the Baitu River, also called the Qi River, which flows southeast into the Wei. This is distinct from the Qi River that enters the Luo. It lay three hundred fifty li southeast of the prefectural seat. It governed three counties:
150
淳化州東。 南有黃嶔山。 西有涇水。 東有清水，南流入耀州界。
Chunhua County lies east of the zhou. To the south is Mt. Huangqin. To the west is the Jing River. To the east is the Qing River, which flows south into Yaozhou.
151
三水州東北。 成化十三年九月析淳化縣地置。 東南有石門山。 東有三水河，一名汃水，西南流入涇水。 東南有石門巡檢司。
Sanshui County lies northeast of the zhou. In the ninth month of Chenghua 13 it was established from territory of Chunhua County. To the southeast is Mt. Shimen. To the east is the Sanshui River, also called the Bian River, which flows southwest into the Jing. To the southeast is the Shimen patrol-inspection office.
152
長武州西北。 萬曆十一年三月以邠州宜祿鎮置。 北有涇水，自涇州流入。 南有汭水，一名宜祿水，亦自涇州流入，徑縣東停口鎮，與黑水河合，入於涇水。 西有窯店巡檢司，本名宜祿，治宜祿鎮。 弘治十七年遷於正東之冉杏，仍故名。 萬曆十一年又遷，更名。
Changwu County lies northwest of the zhou. In the third month of Wanli 11 it was established from Yilu town in Binzhou. To the north is the Jing River, which enters from Jingzhou. To the south is the Rui River, also called the Yilu River, which likewise enters from Jingzhou, passes Tingkou town east of the county, joins the Heishui, and enters the Jing. To the west is the Yaodian patrol-inspection office, originally named Yilu and stationed at Yilu town. In Hongzhi 17 it was moved to Ranxing directly to the east, keeping its old name. In Wanli 11 it was moved again and renamed.
153
鳳翔府元屬陝西行省。 洪武二年三月因之。 領州一，縣七。 東距布政司三百四十里。
Fengxiang Prefecture under the Yuan belonged to the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat. In the third month of Hongwu 2 it was retained unchanged. It governed one zhou and seven counties. It lay three hundred forty li east of the provincial administration commission.
154
鳳翔倚。 永樂二十二年建鄭王府。 正統八年遷於河南懷慶府。 東北有杜陽山，杜水所出。 西北有雍山，雍水出焉，下流合漆水入渭。 又東南有橫水，亦曰橫渠，東入渭。
Fengxiang (seat-attached county). In Yongle 22 the estate of the Prince of Zheng was established. In Zhengtong 8 it was moved to Huaqing Prefecture in Henan. To the northeast is Mt. Duyang, whence the Du River issues. To the northwest is Mt. Yong; the Yong River rises there, joins the Qi below, and enters the Wei. To the southeast is also the Heng River, also called the Heng Canal, which flows east into the Wei.
155
岐山府東。 東北有岐山。 又有梁山。 又北有武將山。 南有渭水，西北有岐水，又東有湋水，俱流入扶鳳縣界。 又南有斜谷水，北入渭。
Qishan County lies east of the prefecture. To the northeast is Mt. Qi. There is also Mt. Liang. Farther north is Mt. Wujiang. To the south is the Wei River; to the northwest the Qi River; to the east also the Tang River—all flowing into Fufeng County. To the south is also the Xiegu River, which flows north into the Wei.
156
寶雞府西南。 東南有陳倉山。 西南有大散嶺，大散關在焉。 又有和尚原，接鳳縣界。 南有渭河，東有汧河流入焉。 又東南有箕谷水，有洛谷水，俱北入渭。 西南有益門鎮二里散關、東南有虢川二巡檢司。 又東南有金牙關。
Baoji County lies southwest of the prefecture. To the southeast is Mt. Chencang. To the southwest is Great Scatter Ridge, where Great Scatter Pass stands. There is also Heshang Plain, on the border with Feng County. To the south is the Wei River; from the east the Qian River flows into it. To the southeast are also the Jigu and Luogu rivers, both flowing north into the Wei. To the southwest are Yimen town and Erli Sanguan Pass; to the southeast is the Guochuan Second patrol-inspection office. To the southeast is also Jinya Pass.
157
扶鳳府東。 西南有渭河。 東有漆河，又有雍水自東南流入焉，又南有湋河，俱流入武功縣界。
Fufeng County lies east of the prefecture. To the southwest is the Wei River. To the east is the Qi River; the Yong River also enters from the southeast; to the south is the Tang River—all flowing into Wugong County.
158
郿府東南。 元屬奉元路。 洪武二年來屬。 西有衙嶺山，褒水出其南，流入沔，斜水出其北，流入渭。 西有五丈原。 又西南有斜谷，南入漢中，有斜谷關。 北有渭水。
Mei County lies southeast of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Fengyuan Route. In Hongwu 2 it was placed under the prefecture. To the west is Mt. Yaling; the Bao River rises on its south and flows into the Mian, while the Xie River rises on its north and flows into the Wei. To the west is Wuzhang Plain. To the southwest is also Xie Valley, which runs south into Hanzhong; on it is Xiegu Pass. To the north is the Wei River.
159
麟遊府東北。 西有漆水，南有麟遊水，下流俱入於渭。 西南又有杜水，亦曰杜陽川，東入漆。 西北有石窯關巡檢司。
Linyou County lies northeast of the prefectural seat. To the west is the Qi River; to the south is the Linyou River; both flow down into the Wei. To the southwest is also the Du River, also called the Duyang Stream, which flows east into the Qi. To the northwest is the Shiyao Pass patrol-inspection office.
160
汧陽府西少北。 元屬隴州。 嘉靖三十八年十一月改屬府。 舊治在縣西，嘉靖二十七年徙於今治。 南有汧河。
Qianyang County lies slightly north of west from the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Long Zhou. In the eleventh month of Jiajing 38 it was transferred under the prefecture. The former seat lay west of the county; in Jiajing 27 it was moved to the present seat. To the south is the Qian River.
161
隴州元屬鞏昌總帥府。 延祐四年十一月省州治汧源縣入州。 洪武二年來屬。 西北有隴山，上有關曰隴關，亦曰大震關，一名故關，有故關大寨巡檢司。 又有安夷關，亦曰新關。 又西有小隴山，一名關山。 又西南有岍山，汧水出焉。 南有吳山，即吳嶽，古文以爲岍山。 西南有白環谷，白環水出焉。 西有弦蒲藪，汭水出焉，下流合於涇水。 南有渭水。 西南有方山原。 又南有隴安、西南有香泉二巡檢司。 東南距府百八十里。
Long Zhou under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In the eleventh month of Yanyou 4 the prefectural seat Qianyuan County was merged into the zhou. In Hongwu 2 it was placed under the prefecture. To the northwest is Long Mountain, on which is Long Pass, also called Dazhen Pass and formerly Old Pass, with the Old Pass Great Stockade patrol-inspection office. There is also Anyi Pass, also called New Pass. Farther west is Lesser Long Mountain, also called Guanshan. To the southwest is also Mt. Qian, whence the Qian River issues. To the south is Mt. Wu, that is Wu Yue, which ancient texts treat as Mt. Qian. To the southwest is Baihuan Valley, whence the Baihuan River issues. To the west is the Xianpu marsh, whence the Rui River issues and below joins the Jing. To the south is the Wei River. To the southwest is Fangshan Plain. To the south is the patrol-inspection office at Long'an; to the southwest, at Xiangquan. It lies one hundred eighty li southeast of the prefectural seat.
162
漢中府元興元路，屬陝西行省。 洪武三年五月爲府。 六月改名漢中府。 領州一，縣八。 東北距布政司九百六十里。
Hanzhong Prefecture was under the Yuan the Xingyuan Circuit, subordinate to the Shaanxi Provincial Administration Commission. In the fifth month of Hongwu 3 it was made a prefecture. In the sixth month it was renamed Hanzhong Prefecture. It governed one subprefecture and eight counties. It lay nine hundred sixty li northeast of the provincial seat.
163
南鄭倚。 萬曆二十九年十月建瑞王府。 西南有巴嶺山，南連孤雲、兩角、米倉諸山，達四川之巴州。 南濱漢水，又曰沔水，源自嶓冢，經縣界，下流至湖廣漢陽府入大江。 又有沮水，漢水別源也，又西北有褒水，俱流入漢水。 南有青石關巡檢司。
Nanzheng was the attached seat county. In the tenth month of Wanli 29 the Rui princely mansion was built. To the southwest is Mt. Baling, which southward links Guyun, Two Horns, Micang, and other mountains and reaches Bazhou in Sichuan. To the south it borders the Han River, also called the Mian River, which rises at Mt. Boju, crosses the county, and below flows to Hanyang Prefecture in Huguang before entering the Great River. There is also the Ju River, a separate headstream of the Han; to the northwest is the Bao River; all flow into the Han. To the south is the Qingshi Pass patrol-inspection office.
164
褒城府西北。 洪武十年六月省入南鄭縣，後復置。 東北有褒谷，自此出連雲棧，北抵斜谷之道也。 南有沔水，即漢水也。 又有廉水，又城東有褒水，西南有讓水，一名遜水，下流俱入沔水。 北有雞頭關巡檢司。 又有虎頭關。 西北有漢陽關。
Baocheng County lies northwest of the prefectural seat. In the sixth month of Hongwu 10 it was merged into Nanzheng County and later restored. To the northeast is Bao Valley, whence the Lianyun plank road runs north to the road through Xie Valley. To the south is the Mian River, which is the Han River. There is also the Lian River; east of the city is the Bao River; to the southwest is the Rang River, also called the Xun River; all flow down into the Mian. To the north is the Jitou Pass patrol-inspection office. There is also Hutou Pass. To the northwest is Hanyang Pass.
165
城固府東少北。 南有漢水。 東北有壻水，又名智水，下流入漢水。 又西北有黑水，或云即褒水之上源。
Chenggu County lies slightly north of east from the prefectural seat. To the south is the Han River. To the northeast is the Xu River, also called the Zhi River, which below flows into the Han. To the northwest is also the Hei River, which some hold to be the upper reach of the Bao.
166
洋府東南。 元洋州。 洪武三年降爲縣。 十年六月省入西鄉，後復置。 北有興勢山。 東有黃金谷。 南有漢水。 西北有壻水，西有灙水，亦曰駱谷水，又東有酉水，俱南入漢。
Yang County lies southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Yang Zhou. In Hongwu 3 it was reduced to county status. In the sixth month of the 10th year it was merged into Xixiang and later restored. To the north is Mt. Xingshi. To the east is Huangjin Valley. To the south is the Han River. To the northwest is the Xu River; to the west is the Kuang River, also called the Luogu River; and to the east is the You River; all flow south into the Han.
167
西鄉府東南。 東有饒風嶺，有關。 北有漢水。 東有洋水，即清涼川也，西北合木馬河入漢。 東南有鹽場關、西南有大巴山、東北有子午鎮三巡檢司。
Xixiang County lies southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is Raofeng Ridge, on which is a pass. To the north is the Han River. To the east is the Yang River, which is the Qingliang Stream; northwest it joins the Muma River and enters the Han. To the southeast is the patrol-inspection office at Yanchang Pass; to the southwest, on Mt. Daba; and to the northeast, at Ziwu Town.
168
鳳府西北。 元鳳州。 洪武七年七月降爲縣。 南有武都山。 北有嘉陵江，源出縣之嘉陵谷，下流至四川巴縣入於大江。 又東有大散水，亦注於嘉陵江。 東北有清風閣巡檢司。 南有留壩巡檢司，後遷廢丘關，又遷柴關，仍故名。 南有仙人關。 西有馬嶺關。
Feng County lies northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Feng Zhou. In the seventh month of Hongwu 7 it was reduced to county status. To the south is Mt. Wudu. To the north is the Jialing River, which rises in the county's Jialing Valley and below flows to Ba County in Sichuan before entering the Great River. To the east is also the Dasan Stream, which likewise empties into the Jialing. To the northeast is the Qingfeng Pavilion patrol-inspection office. To the south was the Liuba patrol-inspection office, later moved to Feiqiu Pass and then to Chaiguan, keeping its old name. To the south is Xianren Pass. To the west is Maling Pass.
169
沔府西。 元沔州，屬四川廣元路。 洪武三年改屬漢中府，省州治鐸水縣入州。 七年七月降爲縣。 十年六月省入略陽，後復置。 成化二十一年六月屬寧羌州。 嘉靖三十八年十一月仍屬府。 北有鐵山。 東南有定軍山。 南有漢水。 西有沮水，又有大安水，南入於漢。 西南有大安縣，洪武初廢。 又西有石頂關。
Mian County lies west of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Mian Zhou, subordinate to the Guangyuan Circuit in Sichuan. In Hongwu 3 it was placed under Hanzhong Prefecture and the prefectural seat Duoshui County was merged into the zhou. In the seventh month of the 7th year it was reduced to county status. In the sixth month of the 10th year it was merged into Lueyang and later restored. In the sixth month of Chenghua 21 it was placed under Ningqiang Zhou. In the eleventh month of Jiajing 38 it was again placed under the prefecture. To the north is Iron Mountain. To the southeast is Mt. Dingjun. To the south is the Han River. To the west is the Ju River; there is also the Da'an River, which flows south into the Han. To the southwest was Da'an County, abolished at the beginning of Hongwu. Farther west is also Shiding Pass.
170
寧羌州本寧羌衛。 洪武三十年九月以沔縣之大安地置。 成化二十一年六月置州，屬府。 東北有五丁山，亦曰金牛峽。 北有嶓冢山，漢水出焉，亦曰漾水，下流至湖廣漢陽縣合大江。 又東有嘉陵江，西有西漢水合焉。 西南有白水，自洮州衛流經此，亦曰葭萌水，有白水關，其下流至四川昭化縣合於嘉陵江。 又東北有濜水，流入漾水，謂之濜口。 又東有沮水。 北有陽平關巡檢司。 東北距府三百里。 領縣一：
Ningqiang Zhou was originally Ningqiang Guard. In the ninth month of Hongwu 30 it was established from the Da'an territory of Mian County. In the sixth month of Chenghua 21 it was made a zhou subordinate to the prefecture. To the northeast is Mt. Wuding, also called Golden Ox Gorge. To the north is Mt. Boju, whence the Han River issues, also called the Yang River, which below flows to Hanyang County in Huguang and joins the Great River. To the east is also the Jialing River; from the west the Western Han River joins it. To the southwest is the Baishui, which flows through from Tao Guard, also called the Jiameng River, with Baishui Pass; its lower reach flows to Zhaohua County in Sichuan and joins the Jialing. To the northeast is also the Ying River, which flows into the Yang and is called the Ying Mouth. To the east is also the Ju River. To the north is the Yangping Pass patrol-inspection office. It lay three hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:
171
略陽州北。 元屬沔州。 洪武三年屬府。 成化二十一年六月改來屬。 西有盤龍山。 東南有飛仙嶺，棧道所經也。 東有沮水，爲漢水之別源。 南有嘉陵江，西北有犀牛江，即西漢水也。 又西有白水江。 東北有九股樹、西有罝口二巡檢司。 又西北有白水鎮巡檢司，後廢。
Lueyang County lies north of the zhou. Under the Yuan it belonged to Mian Zhou. In Hongwu 3 it was placed under the prefecture. In the sixth month of Chenghua 21 it was reassigned to the zhou. To the west is Mt. Panlong. To the southeast is Feixian Ridge, along which the plank road passes. To the east is the Ju River, a separate headstream of the Hanjiang. To the south is the Jialing River; to the northwest is the Xiniu River, which is the Western Han River. Farther west is also the Baishui River. To the northeast is the patrol-inspection office at Jiugushu; to the west, at Juikou. Farther northwest was the Baishui Town patrol-inspection office, later abolished.
172
延安府元延安路，屬陝西行省。 洪武二年五月爲府。 領州三，縣十六。 南距布政司七百四十里。
Yan'an Prefecture was under the Yuan the Yan'an Route, belonging to Shaanxi Province. In the fifth month of Hongwu 2 it became a prefecture. It governed three subprefectures and sixteen counties. It lay seven hundred forty li south of the provincial seat.
173
膚施倚。 東有延水，又有清化水流入焉。
Fushi was the attached seat county. To the east is the Yan River, into which the Qinghua River also flows.
174
安塞府西北。 西有洛水。 北有延水，出縣西北之蘆關嶺，又東南有西川水，北有金明川，俱流入焉。 又北有塞門守禦千戶所，洪武十二年置。 西南有敷政巡檢司。
An'sai County lay northwest of the prefectural seat. To the west is the Luo River. To the north is the Yan River, which rises on Luguan Ridge in the northwest of the county; from the southeast the Xichuan River and from the north the Jinming River likewise flow into it. Farther north was the Saimen garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in Hongwu 12. To the southwest was the Fuzheng patrol-inspection office.
175
甘泉府西南。 北有野豬峽。 西有洛河，南有伏陸水流入焉。 又東北有庫利川。
Ganquan County lay southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north was Wild Boar Gorge. To the west is the Luo River; from the south the Fulun River flows into it. Farther northeast is also the Kuli River.
176
安定府東北。 北有高柏山，懷寧河出焉，東流入於無定河。 西北有白洛城，洪武三年築。
Anding County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. To the north is Mt. Gaobai, whence the Huaining River rises and flows east into the Wuding. To the northwest was Bailuo Fort, built in Hongwu 3.
177
保安府西北。 西南有洛河，有吃莫河流入焉。 北有大鹽池。 又西有靖邊守禦千戶所，隆慶元年二月置。 北有順寧巡檢司。
Bao'an County lay northwest of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is the Luo River, into which the Chimo River flows. To the north was the Great Salt Pond. Farther west was the Jingbian garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the second month of Longqing 1. To the north was the Shunning patrol-inspection office.
178
宜川府東。 南有孟門山，在大河中流。 又西南有銀川水，北有汾川水，西南有丹陽諸川，俱流入大河。
Yichuan County lay east of the prefectural seat. To the south is Mt. Mengmen, in midstream of the Great River. From the southwest come the Yinchuan River, from the north the Fenchuan, and from the southwest the various Danyang streams—all entering the Great River.
179
延川府東少北。 東濱大河。 北有吐延川，合清澗水，流注於大河。 又東北有永寧關，臨河。
Yanchuan County lay slightly north of east from the prefectural seat. On the east it bordered the Great River. To the north is the Tuyan River, which joins the Qingjian and flows into the Great River. Farther northeast was Yongning Pass, on the river.
180
延長府東。 東濱河。 南有延水，流入大河。
Yanchang County lay east of the prefectural seat. On the east it bordered the river. To the south is the Yan River, which flows into the Great River.
181
青澗府東北。 元屬綏德州。 嘉靖四十一年改屬府。 東有黃河，東北有無定河流入焉。 又西有青澗河。
Qingjian County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Suide Zhou. In Jiajing 41 it was transferred under the prefecture. To the east is the Yellow River, into which the Wuding flows from the northeast. Farther west is also the Qingjian River.
182
鄜州東有洛水，南與單池水合，又名三川水。 西有直羅巡檢司。 北距府百八十里。 領縣三：
East of Fu Zhou is the Luo River, which south of the zhou joins the Danchi to form the Sanhe River. To the west was the Zhiluo patrol-inspection office. It lay one hundred eighty li north of Yan'an Prefecture. It governed three counties:
183
洛川州東南。 西南有洛水。 東南有鄜城巡檢司。
Luochuan County lay southeast of the zhou. To the southwest is the Luo River. To the southeast was the Fucheng patrol-inspection office.
184
中部州南。 北有橋山，亦曰子午嶺，沮水出焉。 西北有谷河及子午水，俱入於沮水。 又東北有洛水。
Zhongbu County lay south of the zhou. To the north is Mt. Qiao, also called Ziwu Ridge, whence the Ju River rises. To the northwest are the Gu River and the Ziwu Brook, both flowing into the Ju. Farther northeast is also the Luo River.
185
宜君州南。 西南有玉華山，又有鳳凰谷。 東有洛水。 東北有沮水。
Yijun County lay south of the zhou. To the southwest is Mt. Yuhua; there is also Phoenix Valley. To the east is the Luo River. To the northeast is the Ju River.
186
綏德州洪武十年五月省入府，後復置。 南有魏平關。 東有黃河。 城東有無定河，一名奢延水，亦曰水，西北有大理水流入焉。 東北有官菜園渡口巡檢司。 西南距府三百六十里。 領縣一：
Suide Zhou was abolished and merged into the prefecture in the fifth month of Hongwu 10, then restored. To the south was Weiping Pass. To the east is the Yellow River. East of the city is the Wuding River, also called the Sheyan or Ruoshui; from the northwest the Dali River flows into it. To the northeast was the Guancaiyuan ferry crossing patrol-inspection office. It lay three hundred sixty li southwest of Yan'an Prefecture. It governed one county:
187
米脂州北。 西有無定河。 有大理水，又有小理水，西北有明堂川，俱流入無定河。 北有碎金鎮、西南有克戎寨二巡檢司。 又西有銀州關，成化七年修築。
Mizi County lay north of the zhou. To the west is the Wuding River. The Dali and Xiaoli rivers and, from the northwest, the Mingtang River all flow into the Wuding. To the north was the patrol-inspection office at Suijin Town; to the southwest, at Kerong Stockade. Farther west was Yinzhou Pass, repaired in Chenghua 7.
188
葭州洪武七年十一月降爲縣，屬綏德州。 十三年十一月復升爲州，屬府。 東濱大河，西有葭蘆河，城東有真鄉川流合焉。 西南距府五百八十里。 領縣三：
In the eleventh month of Hongwu 7 it was demoted to a county under Suide Zhou. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 13 it was again elevated to a zhou under the prefecture. On the east it bordered the Great River; to the west is the Jialu River, into which east of the city the Zhenxiang River flows. It lay five hundred eighty li southwest of Yan'an Prefecture. It governed three counties:
189
吳堡州南。 元屬州。 洪武七年十一月改屬綏德，尋省。 十三年十一月復置，還屬。 東濱河。
Wubao County lay south of the zhou. Under the Yuan it belonged to the zhou. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 7 it was placed under Suide and soon abolished. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 13 it was restored and again placed under it. On the east it bordered the river.
190
神木州北。 洪武初省。 十三年十一月復置。 西北有楊家城，正統五年移縣治焉。 成化中，復還故治。 南有大河。 北有濁輪川。 西南有屈野川。
Shenmu County lay north of the zhou. It was abolished at the beginning of Hongwu. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 13 it was restored. To the northwest was Yang Family Fort, to which the county seat was moved in Zhengtong 5. In the Chenghua reign it was moved back to the former seat. To the south is the Great River. To the north is the Zhuolun River. To the southwest is the Quye River.
191
府谷州東北。 洪武初省。 十三年十一月復置。 東濱大河，北有清水川入焉。
Fugu County lay northeast of the zhou. It was abolished at the beginning of Hongwu. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 13 it was restored. On the east it bordered the Great River; from the north the Qingshui River flows into it.
192
慶陽府元屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武二年五月直隸行省。 領州一，縣四。 東南距布政司五百七十里。
Qingyang Prefecture under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In the fifth month of Hongwu 2 it was placed directly under the province. It governed one subprefecture and four counties. It lay five hundred seventy li southeast of the provincial seat.
193
安化倚。 洪武二十四年四月建慶王府。 二十六年遷於寧夏衛。 元省。 洪武中復置。 東北有白於山，洛水所出。 又城東有東河，西有西河，流合焉，下流爲馬蓮河。 又西有黑水河，源出縣北之太白山，下流至長武縣合於涇河。 東北有槐安、北有定邊二巡檢司。 又西南有驛馬關、又有靈州、又有大鹽池三巡檢司，廢。
Anhua was the attached seat county. In the fourth month of Hongwu 24 the mansion of the Prince of Qing was built. In Hongwu 26 it was moved to Ningxia Guard. It was abolished under the Yuan. It was restored in the Hongwu period. To the northeast is Mt. Baiyu, whence the Luo River rises. East of the city is the East River and to the west the West River; their waters join and flow on as the Malian River. Farther west is the Heishui River, which rises on Mt. Taibai north of the county and, flowing downstream, reaches Changwu County and joins the Jing. To the northeast is the patrol-inspection office at Huaian; to the north, at Dingbian. Farther southwest were the patrol-inspection offices at Yima Pass, Lingzhou, and Dayanchi, all later abolished.
194
合水府東南。 東有建水，西有北岔河，流合焉，謂之合水，西南入馬蓮河。 又東北有華池水，有平戎川流合焉，東入鄜州之洛河。 有華池巡檢司。
Heshui County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is the Jianshui and to the west the Beicha River; where they meet is called Heshui, and the stream flows southwest into the Malian. Farther northeast is the Huachi River, which the Pingrong River joins before flowing east into the Luo River in Yanzhou. It had the Huachi patrol-inspection office.
195
環府西北。 元環州，屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武初，降爲縣，來屬。 西有環河，出縣北青岡峽，下流爲府城之西河。 又南有黑水河，又有鹼河，西南有甘河，俱注於環河。 又西有葫蘆泉。 西北有清平關。 西北有安邊守禦千戶所，弘治中置。
Huan County lay northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Huan Zhou, belonging to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. At the beginning of Hongwu it was reduced to a county and placed under the prefecture. To the west is the Huan River, which issues from Qinggang Gorge north of the county and, flowing downstream, becomes the West River at the prefectural city. To the south are also the Heishui and Jian rivers, and to the southwest the Gan River; all flow into the Huan. Farther west is Hulu Spring. To the northwest is Qingping Pass. Farther northwest was the Anbian garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the Hongzhi reign.
196
真寧府東南。 元屬寧州。 萬曆二十九年改屬府。 西有馬蓮河。 南有大陵、小陵諸水，即九陵川之上源也。 東有雕山嶺巡檢司。
Zhenning County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Ning Subprefecture. In Wanli 29 it was reassigned to the prefecture. To the west is the Malian River. To the south are the Daling and Xiaoling streams, the upper reaches of the Jiuling River. To the east was the Diaoshanling patrol-inspection office.
197
寧州元屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武中來屬。 東有橫嶺，又有九龍川，亦曰寧江，亦曰九陵川，西南流，會上流羣川，而南注於涇河。 東北有襄樂巡檢司。 北距府百五十里。
Ning Subprefecture under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In the Hongwu period it was placed under the prefecture. To the east is Hengling, and also the Jiulong River—also called the Ningjiang or Jiuling—which flows southwest, gathers the upper streams, and turns south into the Jing. To the northeast was the Xiangle patrol-inspection office. It lay one hundred fifty li north of the prefectural seat.
198
平涼府元屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武三年五月直隸行省。 領州三，縣七。 東南距布政司六百五十里。
Pingliang Prefecture under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In the fifth month of Hongwu 3 it was placed directly under the province. It governed three subprefectures and seven counties. It lay six hundred fifty li southeast of the provincial seat.
199
平涼倚。 洪武二十四年建安王府。 永樂十五年除。 二十二年，韓王府自遼東開原遷此。 西南有可藍山。 西有崆峒山。 又有笄頭山，涇水出焉，下流至高陵縣入渭。 又西有橫河，東有湫峪河，俱流入涇河。 又西有羣牧監。 洪武三十年置陝西行太僕寺。 永樂四年置陝西苑馬寺，領長樂等六監，開成等二十四苑，俱在本府及慶陽、鞏昌境內。 正統三年又並甘肅苑馬寺入焉。 又東有通梢關。
Pingliang was the attached seat county. In Hongwu 24 the mansion of the Prince of An was built. It was abolished in Yongle 15. In year 22 the mansion of the Prince of Han was moved here from Kaiyuan in Liaodong. To the southwest is Mt. Kelan. To the west is Mt. Kongtong. There is also Mt. Jitou, whence the Jing River rises and flows downstream to Gaoling County before entering the Wei. Farther west is the Heng River and to the east the Qiuyu River; both flow into the Jing. Farther west was the herd supervision post. In Hongwu 30 the Shaanxi branch Grand Stud office was established. In Yongle 4 the Shaanxi Horse Pasture Directorate was established, governing six superintendencies including Changyue and twenty-four pastures including Kaicheng, all within this prefecture and the territories of Qingyang and Gongchang. In Zhengtong 3 the Gansu Horse Pasture Directorate was also merged into it. Farther east is Tongshao Pass.
200
崇信府東南。 北有汭水。 西南有赤城川，南有白石川流合焉。 下流合於涇水。
Chongxin County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. To the north is the Ruishui. To the southwest is the Chicheng River, which the Baishi River joins from the south. The stream flows on to join the Jing.
201
華亭府南。 西有小隴山。 西北有瓦亭山，有瓦亭關巡檢司，所謂東瓦亭也。 東北有涇河。 東南有汭水。 又東南有三鄉鎮，北有馬鋪嶺二巡檢司。
Huating County lay south of the prefectural seat. To the west is Little Long Mountain. To the northwest is Mt. Wating, with the Wating Pass patrol-inspection office—the so-called Eastern Wating. To the northeast is the Jing River. To the southeast is the Ruishui. Farther southeast is Sanxiang town, and to the north the patrol-inspection office at Mapuling.
202
鎮原府東北。 元鎮原州，屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武初，降爲縣，來屬。 西北有胡盧河，分二流，一北注於黃河，其支流東南注於涇河。 南有高平川，流入胡盧河。 西有安平寨巡檢司。 西北有蕭關。 西南有木峽關。 又西有石峽關。 南有驛藏、木靖二關。
Zhenyuan County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Zhenyuan Zhou, belonging to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. At the beginning of Hongwu it was reduced to a county and placed under the prefecture. To the northwest is the Hulu River, which splits in two: one branch flows north into the Yellow River, while a tributary turns southeast into the Jing. To the south is the Gaoping River, which flows into the Hulu. To the west was the Anping Stockade patrol-inspection office. To the northwest is Xiao Pass. To the southwest is Muxia Pass. Farther west is Shixia Pass. To the south are Yicang Pass and Mujing Pass.
203
隆德府西南。 元屬靖寧州。 嘉靖三十八年十一月改屬府。 東有好水，西流與苦水合。 西北有武延川，流入好水。 東南有捺龍川，流入苦水。
Longde County lay southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Jingning Subprefecture. In the eleventh month of Jiajing 38 it was reassigned to the prefecture. To the east is the Haoshui, which flows west and joins the Kushui. To the northwest is the Wuyan River, which flows into the Haoshui. To the southeast is the Nalong River, which flows into the Kushui.
204
涇州元直隸陝西行省。 洪武三年以州治涇川縣省入，來屬。 舊治在涇水北。 今治本皇甫店，洪武三年徙於此。 北有涇河，有汭水。 東有金家凹巡檢司。 西北距府百五十里。 領縣一：
Jing Subprefecture under the Yuan was directly subordinate to Shaanxi Province. In Hongwu 3 the subprefectural seat, Jingchuan County, was abolished and merged in, and the unit was placed under the prefecture. The former seat lay north of the Jing River. The present seat is at Huangfudian, to which it was moved in Hongwu 3. To the north are the Jing and Ruishui rivers. To the east was the Jinji'ao patrol-inspection office. It lay one hundred fifty li northwest of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:
205
靈臺州東南。 西北有白石原。 東北有三香水，一名三交川，下流至邠州合涇水。 又西南有細川水，東北流合於三交川。
Lingtai County lay southeast of the subprefecture. To the northwest is the Baishi plain. To the northeast is the Sanxiang River, also called the Sanjiao, which flows downstream to Bin Subprefecture and joins the Jing. Farther southwest is the Xichuan River, which flows northeast into the Sanjiao.
206
靜寧州元屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武中來屬。 南有隴山。 北有橫山，即隴山支阜。 南有水洛川，一名石門水，下流至秦州入略陽川。 又西有苦水河，即高平川之上源。 東距府二百三十里。 領縣一：
Jingning Subprefecture under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In the Hongwu period it was placed under the prefecture. To the south is Long Mountain. To the north is Mt. Heng, a spur of Long Mountain. To the south is the Shuiluo River, also called the Shimen, which flows downstream to Qin Subprefecture and enters the Lueyang River. Farther west is the Kushui River, the upper reach of the Gaoping. It lay two hundred thirty li east of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:
207
莊浪州東南。 元莊浪州，直隸陝西行省。 洪武三年屬鳳翔府。 八年三月降爲縣，來屬。 西有苦水川。
Zhuanglang County lay southeast of the subprefecture. Under the Yuan it was Zhuanglang Zhou, directly subordinate to Shaanxi Province. In Hongwu 3 it was placed under Fengxiang Prefecture. In the third month of year 8 it was reduced to a county and assigned here. To the west is the Kushui valley.
208
固原州本固原守禦千戶所，景泰三年以故原州城置。 成化四年升爲衛。 弘治十五年置州，屬府。 西南有六盤山，上有六盤關，東北有清水河出焉，下流合鎮原縣之胡盧河。 又北有黑水，北流入於大河。 又東西有二朝那湫，其下流注於高平川。 南有開成州，元直隸陝西行省，治開成縣。 洪武二年省州，以縣屬平涼府。 成化三年廢縣。 又東南有廣安州，元屬開成州，洪武二年省。 又西有甘州羣牧所，永樂中置。 又西北有西安守禦千戶所，成化五年以舊西安州置。 北有鎮戎守禦千戶所，成化十二年以葫蘆峽城置。 東北有平虜守禦千戶所，弘治十四年以舊豫望城置。 又北有下馬關，嘉靖五年置。 東南距府百七十里。
Guyuan Subprefecture was originally the Guyuan garrison-defense thousand-household post; in Jingtai 3 it was established on the site of the old Yuanzhou city. In Chenghua 4 it was promoted to a guard. In Hongzhi 15 a subprefecture was established, subordinate to the prefecture. To the southwest is Mt. Liupan, with Liupan Pass upon it; to the northeast the Qingshui River rises and downstream joins the Hulu River in Zhenyuan County. Farther north is the Black Water, which flows north into the Great River. To the east and west are also two Chaona marshes, whose waters flow down into the Gaoping stream. To the south is Kaicheng Subprefecture, which under the Yuan was directly subordinate to Shaanxi Province and seated at Kaicheng County. In Hongwu 2 the subprefecture was abolished and the county placed under Pingliang Prefecture. In Chenghua 3 the county was abolished. Farther southeast was Guang'an Subprefecture, which under the Yuan belonged to Kaicheng and was abolished in Hongwu 2. Farther west is the Ganzhou collective pasture office, established in the Yongle reign. Farther northwest is the Xi'an garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in Chenghua 5 on the site of the old Xi'an Subprefecture. To the north is the Zhenrong garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in Chenghua 12 at Hulugou Gorge. To the northeast is the Pinglu garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in Hongzhi 14 on the site of the old Yuwang city. Farther north is Xiamaguan Pass, established in Jiajing 5. It lay one hundred seventy li southeast of the prefectural seat.
209
鞏昌府元屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武二年四月直隸行省。 領州三，縣十四。 東距布政司千六十里。
Gongchang Prefecture under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In the fourth month of Hongwu 2 it was placed directly under the province. It governed three subprefectures and fourteen counties. It lay one thousand sixty li east of the provincial seat.
210
隴西倚。 西有首陽山，上有關。 北濱渭水，東有赤亭水，西流入焉。
Longxi was the attached seat county. To the west is Mt. Shouyang, with a pass upon it. To the north it borders the Wei River; from the east the Chiting River flows west into it.
211
安定府北。 元定西州，屬鞏昌總帥府。 至正十二年三月改名安定州。 洪武十年降爲縣，屬府。 北有車道峴。 西有西河，東有東河，流合焉。 北有巉口巡檢司。
Anding County lay north of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Dingxi Zhou, subordinate to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In the third month of Zhizheng 12 it was renamed Anding Subprefecture. In Hongwu 10 it was reduced to a county subordinate to the prefecture. To the north is Chedao Ridge. To the west is the West River and to the east the East River, which join. To the north is the Chankou patrol-inspection office.
212
會寧府東北。 元會州，屬鞏昌總帥府。 至正十二年三月改爲會寧州。 洪武十年降爲縣，屬府。 東有響水，北流入大河。 東有青家巡檢司。
Huining County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Huizhou, subordinate to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In the third month of Zhizheng 12 it was changed to Huining Subprefecture. In Hongwu 10 it was reduced to a county subordinate to the prefecture. To the east is the Xiang River, which flows north into the Great River. To the east is the Qingjia patrol-inspection office.
213
通渭府東北。 北濱渭，西有華川，東流入焉。
Tongwei County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. To the north it borders the Wei; from the west the Huachuan flows east into it.
214
漳府南。 西南有故城。 今治，正統中所徙。 西北有西傾山。 南有漳水，北流入渭。 東南有鹽井。
Zhang County lay south of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is the old city. The present seat was moved in the Zhengtong reign. To the northwest is Mt. Xiqing. To the south is the Zhang River, which flows north into the Wei. To the southeast is a salt well.
215
寧遠府東。 南有太陽山，舊產鐵。 北有桃花峽，兩山夾峙，渭水經其中。 西有廣吳水，又有山丹水，俱源出岷州，並流北注渭。
Ningyuan County lay east of the prefectural seat. To the south is Mt. Taiyang, which formerly produced iron. To the north is Taohua Gorge, where two mountains stand facing each other and the Wei River passes between them. To the west are the Guangwu and Shandan rivers, both rising in Min Subprefecture and flowing together north into the Wei.
216
伏羌府東。 西南有硃圉山，俗名白崖山。 北有渭水，西南有永寧河，西有洛門川，俱東北注於渭。
Fuqiang County lay east of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is Mt. Zhuyu, commonly called White Cliff Mountain. To the north is the Wei River; from the southwest the Yongning River and from the west the Luomen stream both flow northeast into the Wei.
217
西和府東南。 元西和州，屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武十年降爲縣，屬府。 舊治在西南白石鎮，洪武中，移於今治。 北有祁山。 南有黑谷山，上有關。 西北有西漢水，亦曰鹽官水。 西南有濁水，即白硃江也。 東北有鹽井。
Xihe County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Xihe Subprefecture, subordinate to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In Hongwu 10 it was reduced to a county subordinate to the prefecture. The old seat was at Baishi town in the southwest; in the Hongwu reign it was moved to the present seat. To the north is Mt. Qi. To the south is Mt. Heigu, with a pass upon it. To the northwest is the Western Han River, also called the Yanguan River. To the southwest is the Zhuo River, namely the Baizhu River. To the northeast is a salt well.
218
成府東南。 元成州，屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武十年降爲縣，屬府。 西北有仇池山。 東南有西漢水。 西南有濁水，又西有建安水，又有洛谷川，俱流入西漢水。 又東有泥陽水，下流至徽州界入嘉陵江。 又北有黃渚關巡檢司。
Cheng County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Cheng Subprefecture, subordinate to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In Hongwu 10 it was reduced to a county subordinate to the prefecture. To the northwest is Mt. Qiuchi. To the southeast is the Western Han River. To the southwest is the Zhuo River; farther west are the Jian'an River and the Luogu stream, all flowing into the Western Han. Farther east is the Niyang River, which downstream at the Huizhou border enters the Jialing. Farther north is the Huangzhu Pass patrol-inspection office.
219
秦州元屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武二年屬府，省州治成紀縣入州。 西南有嶓冢山，西漢水出焉，下流至寧羌州合嘉陵江。 東北有渭水，有秦水東流入渭。 又西有西谷水，下流入西漢水。 又南有籍水，西南有段谷水流入焉。 又東有長離水，即瓦亭川下流也，俱流入於渭。 南有高橋巡檢司。 又有石榴關。 又有現子關。 西距府三百里。 領縣三：
Qin Subprefecture under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang Marshal's headquarters. In Hongwu 2 it was placed under the prefecture, and the seat-administered Chengji County was absorbed into the subprefecture. To the southwest is Mt. Bozhong, whence the Western Han River rises; it flows downstream to Ningqiang Subprefecture and joins the Jialing. To the northeast is the Wei River, into which the Qin River flows from the east. Farther west is the Xigu River, which flows downstream into the Western Han. Farther south is the Ji River, into which the Duangu River flows from the southwest. Farther east is the Changli River—the lower course of the Wating stream—all flowing into the Wei. To the south is the Gaoqiao patrol-inspection office. There is also Shiliu Pass. There is also Xianzi Pass. It lay three hundred li west of the prefectural seat. It governed three counties:
220
秦安州北。 東有大隴山。 又東北有瓦亭山，所謂西瓦亭也。 城南有渭水。 又西有隴水，瓦亭川自東北流合焉。 又東有鬆多川，下流入於秦水。 又東有隴城關巡檢司。
Qin'an lay north of the subprefecture. To the east is Mt. Dalong. Farther northeast is Mt. Wating—the so-called Western Wating. South of the city is the Wei River. Farther west is the Long River, into which the Wating stream flows from the northeast. Farther east is the Songduo stream, which flows downstream into the Qin River. Farther east is the Longcheng Pass patrol-inspection office.
221
清水州東。 東有隴山，有盤嶺巡檢司。 西南又有小隴山。 西有渭水。 東有秦水，南有清水流入焉。
Qingshui lay east of the subprefecture. To the east is Long Mountain, with the Panling patrol-inspection office. To the southwest is also Little Long Mountain. To the west is the Wei River. To the east is the Qin River, into which the Qingshui flows from the south.
222
禮州西南。 元禮店文州軍民元帥府，屬吐蕃宣慰司。 洪武四年十一月置禮店千戶所。 十一年屬岷州衛。 十五年改屬秦州衛。 成化九年十二月置禮縣於所城，屬州。 故城在東。 洪武四年移於今治。 東南有西漢水。 西南有岷峨山，岷江出焉，東南流入階州界合於西漢水。 又西有漩水鎮、南有板橋山二巡檢司。
Li County lay southwest of the subprefecture. Under the Yuan it was the Lidian Wenzhou Military-Civilian Marshal's Office, subordinate to the Tubo Pacification Commission. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 4 the Lidian thousand-household post was established. In year 11 it was placed under Min Subprefecture Guard. In year 15 it was reassigned to Qin Subprefecture Guard. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 9 Li County was established at the post city, subordinate to the subprefecture. The old city lay to the east. In Hongwu 4 it was moved to the present seat. To the southeast is the Western Han River. To the southwest are the Min and Emei mountains, whence the Min River issues; it flows southeast into Jiezhou territory and joins the Western Han River. To the west is also the patrol-inspection office at Xuan River town; to the south, at Banqiao Mountain.
223
階州元屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武四年降爲縣，屬府。 十年六月復爲州。 舊城在東南坻龍岡上。 今城，洪武五年所置。 北有白水江。 東北有犀牛江，即西漢水也。 又西北有羌水，下流合白水江。 又東有七防關巡檢司。 西北距府八百里。 領縣一：
Jiezhou under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang General Commandery. In Hongwu 4 it was reduced to a county subordinate to the prefecture. In the sixth month of year 10 it was again made a zhou. The old city stood on Longgang to the southeast. The present city was established in Hongwu 5. To the north is the Baishui River. To the northeast is the Xiniu River, which is the Western Han River. To the northwest is also the Qiang River, whose lower course joins the Baishui. To the east is also the patrol-inspection office at Qifang Pass. It lay eight hundred li northwest of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:
224
文州東南。 元文州。 至元九年十月置，屬吐蕃宣慰司。 洪武四年降爲縣，屬府。 十年六月改屬州。 二十三年三月省。 成化九年十二月復置，仍屬州。 東南有青唐嶺，路入四川龍安府。 東有白水，西有黑水，流合焉。 又北有羌水，一名太白水。 東有文縣守禦千戶所，本文州番漢千戶所，洪武四年四月置。 二十三年改文縣守禦軍民千戶所。 成化九年更今名。 又東有玉壘關。 西北有臨江關。
Wen County lay southeast of the zhou seat. Under the Yuan it was Wenzhou. It was established in the tenth month of Zhiyuan 9 and belonged to the Tubo Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 4 it was reduced to a county subordinate to the prefecture. In the sixth month of year 10 it was transferred under the zhou. In the third month of year 23 it was abolished. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 9 it was re-established and remained subordinate to the zhou. To the southeast is Qingtang Ridge, by which a route enters Long'an Prefecture in Sichuan. To the east is the White Water; to the west, the Black Water; they join where they meet. To the north is also the Qiang River, also called the Taibai River. To the east is the Wen County garrison thousand-household office, originally the Wenzhou Fan and Han thousand-household office, established in the fourth month of Hongwu 4. In year 23 it was renamed the Wen County Garrison Military-Civilian Thousand-Household Office. In Chenghua 9 it received its present name. To the east is also Yulei Pass. To the northwest is Linjiang Pass.
225
徽州元屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武十年六月降爲縣，屬府，後復升爲州。 東南有鐵山。 南有嘉陵江，又有河池水流入焉。 又南有虞關巡檢司。 西南有小河關。 西北距府四百八十里。 領縣一：
Huizhou under the Yuan belonged to the Gongchang General Commandery. In the sixth month of Hongwu 10 it was reduced to a county under the prefecture, then later raised again to a zhou. To the southeast is Iron Mountain. To the south is the Jialing River, into which the Hechi River also flows. To the south is also the patrol-inspection office at Yu Pass. To the southwest is Xiaohe Pass. It lay four hundred eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:
226
兩當州東。 洪武十年六月省入徽縣，後復置，屬州。 南有嘉陵江。
Liangdang County lay east of the zhou seat. In the sixth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Huixian, then later re-established and made subordinate to the zhou. To the south is the Jialing River.
227
臨洮府元臨洮府，屬鞏昌總帥府。 泰定元年九月改爲臨兆路。 洪武二年九月仍爲府。 領州二，縣三。 南距布政司千二百六十里。
Lintao Prefecture: under the Yuan it was Lintao Prefecture, subordinate to the Gongchang General Commandery. In the ninth month of Taiding 1 it was made Lintao Route. In the ninth month of Hongwu 2 it was again made a prefecture. It governed two zhou and three counties. It lay one thousand two hundred sixty li south of the Provincial Administration Commission.
228
狄道倚。 西南有常家山，與西傾山相接。 北有馬寒山，浩尾河出於其北，阿幹河出於其南，俱東流入大河。 又西南有洮河，自洮州衛流入。 又東有東峪河，南有邦金川，皆流會洮河。 北有摩雲嶺巡檢司。 又北有打壁峪關，有結河關。 南有南關，有下襯關，有八角關、十八盤關。 西有三坌關，有分水嶺關。
Didao was the adjoining seat county. To the southwest is Changjia Mountain, which links with Xiqing Mountain. To the north is Mahan Mountain; the Haowei River rises to its north and the Agan River to its south; both flow east into the Great River. To the southwest is also the Tao River, which enters from Taozhou Guard. To the east is also the Dongyu River; to the south, the Bangjin River; all join the Tao. To the north is the patrol-inspection office at Moyun Ridge. Farther north are Dabiyu Pass and Jiehe Pass. To the south are South Pass, Xiachen Pass, Bajiao Pass, and Shibapan Pass. To the west are Sanfen Pass and Fenling Pass.
229
渭源府東少南。 西有南谷山，渭水所出。 又有鳥鼠山，渭水所經，東至華陰縣入大河。 又西有分水嶺，東流者入渭，西流者入洮，上有分水嶺關巡檢司。 又西南有五竹山，清源河出焉，逕縣東南入渭。
Weiyuan County lay slightly south of east from the prefectural seat. To the west is Nangu Mountain, whence the Wei River issues. There is also Wushu Mountain, which the Wei River traverses eastward to Huayin County, where it enters the Great River. To the west is also the watershed: streams flowing east enter the Wei, those flowing west enter the Tao; above it is the patrol-inspection office at Fenling Pass. To the southwest is also Wuzhu Mountain, whence the Qingyuan River issues and, passing southeast of the county, enters the Wei.
230
金州東少南。 元金州，屬鞏昌總帥府。 洪武二年九月降爲縣，屬府。 成化十三年改屬州。 舊城在南，洪武中，移於今治。 北有大河，東北流亂山中，入靖虜衛界。 又南有浩尾河，一名閃門河，入於大河。 東北有一條城，萬曆二十五年置。
Jin County lay slightly south of east from the zhou seat. Under the Yuan it was Jinzhou, subordinate to the Gongchang General Commandery. In the ninth month of Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county under the prefecture. In Chenghua 13 it was transferred under the zhou. The old city lay to the south; in the Hongwu period the seat was moved to the present site. To the north is the Great River, which flows northeast through rugged mountains into Jinglu Guard territory. To the south is also the Haowei River, also called the Shanmen River, which enters the Great River. To the northeast is Yitiao Fort, established in Wanli 25.
231
河州元河州路，屬吐蕃宣慰司。 洪武四年正月置河州衛，屬西安都衛。 六年正月置河州府，屬陝西行中書省。 七年七月置西安行都衛於此，領河州、朵甘、烏斯藏三衛。 八年十月改行都衛爲陝西行都指揮使司。 九年十二月，行都指揮使司廢，衛屬陝西都指揮使司。 十年分衛爲左右。 十二年七月，府廢，改左衛於洮州，升右衛爲軍民指揮使司。 成化九年十二月置州，屬府，改軍民指揮使司爲衛。 西南有雪山，與洮州界。 西北有小積石山，上有關。 大河自塞外大積石山東北流，逕此，又逕榆林衛北，折而南，與山西中流分界，至潼關衛北，折而東，入河南界，迴環陝西境四千餘里。 南有大夏河，即灕水也，亦曰白石川。 又西北有積石州，元屬吐蕃宣慰司，洪武四年正月改置積石州千戶所。 西南有貴德州，元屬吐蕃宣慰司，洪武八年正月改置歸德守禦千戶所。 又南有寧河縣，東北有安鄉縣，元俱屬河州路，洪武三年廢，六年復置。 十二年復廢。 又東南有定羌巡檢司。 東北距府百八十里。
Hezhou: under the Yuan it was Hezhou Route, subordinate to the Tubo Pacification Commission. In the first month of Hongwu 4 Hezhou Guard was established, subordinate to the Xi'an Metropolitan Guard. In the first month of year 6 Hezhou Prefecture was established, subordinate to the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat. In the seventh month of year 7 the Xi'an Regional Metropolitan Guard was established here, governing the three guards of Hezhou, Duogan, and Wusizang. In the tenth month of year 8 the regional metropolitan guard was made the Shaanxi Regional Commander-in-Chief. In the twelfth month of year 9 the regional commander-in-chief was abolished and the guard came under the Shaanxi Commander-in-Chief. In year 10 the guard was split into left and right. In the seventh month of year 12 the prefecture was abolished; the left guard was moved to Taozhou and the right guard was raised to a military-civilian commander-in-chief. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 9 a zhou was established under the prefecture, and the military-civilian commander-in-chief was changed back to a guard. To the southwest is Snow Mountain, on the border with Taozhou. To the northwest is Little Jishi Mountain, on which is a pass. The Great River, coming from beyond the frontier past Great Jishi Mountain, flows northeast past here and again past the north of Yulin Guard, then bends south and forms the border with the middle course in Shanxi; reaching the north of Tongguan Guard it bends east into Henan—winding more than four thousand li through Shaanxi. To the south is the Daxia River, which is the Li River, also called the Baishi River. To the northwest is also Jishi Prefecture, which under the Yuan belonged to the Tubo Pacification Commission; in the first month of Hongwu 4 it was changed to the Jishi Prefecture Thousand-Household Office. To the southwest is Guide Prefecture, which under the Yuan belonged to the Tubo Pacification Commission; in the first month of Hongwu 8 it was changed to the Guide Garrison Thousand-Household Office. To the south are also Ninghe County and, to the northeast, Anxiang County; under the Yuan both belonged to Hezhou Route, were abolished in Hongwu 3, and re-established in year 6. In year 12 they were again abolished. To the southeast is also the patrol-inspection office at Dingqiang. It lay one hundred eighty li northeast of the prefectural seat.
232
靈州元屬寧夏府路。 洪武三年罷。 弘治十三年九月復置，直隸布政司。 大河在城北，洛浦河自南流入焉。 南有小鹽池。 距布政司九百九十三里。
Lingzhou under the Yuan belonged to Ningxia Prefecture Route. It was abolished in Hongwu 3. In the ninth month of Hongzhi 13 it was re-established, directly subordinate to the Provincial Administration Commission. The Great River lay north of the city; the Luopu River flowed in from the south. To the south is the Little Salt Pond. It lay nine hundred ninety-three li from the Provincial Administration Commission.
233
興安州元金州，屬興元路。 萬曆十一年八月更名。 二十三年直隸布政司。 舊治漢水北，後遷水南。 萬曆十一年又遷故城南三里許。 北有漢水。 又西有衡河，亦曰恆河，下流入漢江。 東北有乾祐關巡檢司，廢。 領縣六。 西北距布政司六百四十里。
Xing'anzhou: under the Yuan it was Jinzhou, subordinate to Xingyuan Route. In the eighth month of Wanli 11 it was renamed. In year 23 it was made directly subordinate to the Provincial Administration Commission. The old seat lay north of the Han River; it was later moved to the south bank. In Wanli 11 it was moved again to about three li south of the old city. To the north is the Han River. To the west is also the Heng River, also written Heng River, whose lower course enters the Han. To the northeast was the patrol-inspection office at Qianyou Pass, now abolished. It governed six counties. It lay six hundred forty li northwest of the Provincial Administration Commission.
234
平利州南少東。 元末省。 洪武三年置，屬四川大寧州。 五年二月來屬。 十年六月復省，後復置。 東有女媧山，灌溪水出焉，西北與黃洋河合，入於漢。 南有鎮坪巡檢司。
Pingli lies slightly east of south from the zhou. It was abolished at the end of the Yuan. It was established in Hongwu 3 and placed under Daningzhou in Sichuan. In the second month of year 5 it was placed under this jurisdiction. In the sixth month of year 10 it was again abolished; it was later re-established. To the east is Nüwa Mountain, whence the Guanxi River issues; it joins the Huangyang River to the northwest and enters the Han. To the south is the patrol-inspection office at Zhenping.
235
石泉州西。 元末省。 洪武三年置，屬四川大寧州。 五年二月來屬。 嘉靖三十八年十一月改屬漢中府。 萬曆十一年還屬州。 南有十八盤山，有漢江。 西有饒風河，東有遲河，俱入漢。 又西有饒風嶺巡檢司，本治縣東遲河口，後遷下饒風鋪，更名。
Shiquan lies west of the zhou. It was abolished at the end of the Yuan. It was established in Hongwu 3 and placed under Daningzhou in Sichuan. In the second month of year 5 it was placed under this jurisdiction. In the eleventh month of Jiajing 38 it was transferred to Hanzhong Prefecture. In Wanli 11 it was returned to the zhou. To the south is Eighteen Bends Mountain and the Han River. To the west is the Raofeng River; to the east is the Chi River; both enter the Han. To the west is also the patrol-inspection office at Raofeng Ridge, originally at the Chi River mouth east of the county; it was later moved to Xiarafeng post and renamed.
236
洵陽州東。 元末省。 洪武三年復置。 五年二月來屬。 東北有水銀山，產水銀、硃砂。 南有漢江，東有旬水流入焉。 又有乾祐河，自西北流入旬水。 東有閭關、西北有三岔二巡檢司。
Xunyang lies east of the zhou. It was abolished at the end of the Yuan. It was re-established in Hongwu 3. In the second month of year 5 it was placed under this jurisdiction. To the northeast is Mercury Mountain, which produces mercury and cinnabar. To the south is the Han River; to the east the Xun River flows into it. There is also the Qianyou River, which enters the Xun from the northwest. To the east is the patrol-inspection office at Lü Pass; to the northwest, at Sancha.
237
漢陰州西少北。 元末省。 洪武三年復置。 十年六月省入石泉縣，後復置，屬州。 嘉靖三十八年十一月改屬漢中府。 萬曆十一年還屬州。 南有漢水。 東北有直水，又有恆河，俱流入漢水。 又西有方山關。
Hanyin lies slightly north of west from the zhou. It was abolished at the end of the Yuan. It was re-established in Hongwu 3. In the sixth month of year 10 it was abolished and merged into Shiquan County; it was later re-established and placed under the zhou. In the eleventh month of Jiajing 38 it was transferred to Hanzhong Prefecture. In Wanli 11 it was returned to the zhou. To the south is the Han River. To the northeast are the Zhi and Heng rivers, both of which flow into the Han. To the west is also Fangshan Pass.
238
白河州東南。 成化十二年十二月以洵陽縣白河堡置，屬湖廣鄖陽府。 十三年九月來屬。 北有漢江，東入湖廣鄖西縣界。 南有白石河，分二流，俱北注於漢。
Baihe lies southeast of the zhou. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was established from Baihe Fort in Xunyang County and placed under Yunyang Prefecture in Huguang. In the ninth month of year 13 it was placed under this jurisdiction. To the north is the Han River, which eastward enters the border of Yunxi County in Huguang. To the south is the Baishi River, which divides into two branches that both flow north into the Han.
239
紫陽州西南。 正德七年十一月以金州紫陽堡置。 初治紫陽灘之左，嘉靖三十五年遷於灘右。 西有漢江。
Ziyang lies southwest of the zhou. In the eleventh month of Zhengde 7 it was established from Ziyang Fort in Jinzhou. Its seat was first on the left bank of Ziyang Ford; in Jiajing 35 it was moved to the right bank. To the west is the Han River.
240
洮州衛元洮州，屬吐蕃宣慰司。 洪武四年正月置洮州軍民千戶所，屬河州衛。 十二年二月升爲洮州衛軍民指揮使司，屬陝西都司。 西南有西傾山，桓水出焉，下流爲白水江，又漒川亦出焉，一名洮水。 又北有石嶺山，上有石嶺關。 東有黑松嶺，上有松嶺關。 又東有黑石關、三岔關、高樓關。 北有羊撒關。 西南有新橋關、洮州關。 東南有舊橋關。 南距布政司千六百七十里。
Taozhou Guard: under the Yuan it was Taozhou, subordinate to the Tubo Pacification Commission. In the first month of Hongwu 4 the Taozhou Military-Civilian Thousand-Household Office was established, subordinate to Hezhou Guard. In the second month of year 12 it was promoted to the Taozhou Guard Military-Civilian Defense Command, subordinate to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission. To the southwest is Xiqing Mountain, whence the Huan River issues—its lower course is the Baishui River; the Qiang River also rises there, also called the Tao River. To the north is also Shiling Mountain, on which stands Shiling Pass. To the east is Heisong Ridge, on which stands Songling Pass. Farther east are Heishi Pass, Sancha Pass, and Gaolou Pass. To the north is Yangsa Pass. To the southwest are Xinqiao Pass and Taozhou Pass. To the southeast is Old Bridge Pass. It lay one thousand six hundred seventy li south of the Provincial Administration Commission.
241
岷州衛元岷州，以舊祐川縣地置，屬吐番宣慰司。 洪武四年正月置岷州千戶所，屬河州衛。 十一年七月升爲衛，屬陝西都司。 十五年四月升軍民指揮使司。 嘉靖二十四年又置州，改軍民指揮使司爲衛。 四十年閏五月，州廢，仍置軍民指揮使司。 洪武二十四年建岷王府。 二十六年遷雲南。 北有岷山，洮河經其下。 南有白水，一名臨江。 又東有石關。 東北有鐵州，元屬吐蕃宣慰司。 洪武四年正月置鐵城千戶所，屬河州衛，後廢。 領所一。 南距布政司千五百五十里。
Minzhou Guard: under the Yuan it was Minzhou, established on the territory of old Youchuan County, subordinate to the Tubo Pacification Commission. In the first month of Hongwu 4 the Minzhou Thousand-Household Office was established, subordinate to Hezhou Guard. In the seventh month of year 11 it was promoted to a guard, subordinate to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission. In the fourth month of year 15 it was promoted to a military-civilian defense command. In Jiajing 24 a zhou was again established and the military-civilian defense command was reduced to a guard. In the intercalary fifth month of year 40 the zhou was abolished and the military-civilian defense command was restored. In Hongwu 24 the Min princely establishment was built. In year 26 it was moved to Yunnan. To the north is Min Mountain, below which the Tao River passes. To the south is the Baishui River, also called Linjiang. To the east is also Shi Pass. To the northeast is Tiezhou, which under the Yuan belonged to the Tubo Pacification Commission. In the first month of Hongwu 4 the Tiecheng Thousand-Household Office was established, subordinate to Hezhou Guard; it was later abolished. It governed one sub-post. It lay one thousand five hundred fifty li south of the Provincial Administration Commission.
242
西固城守禦軍民千戶所衛南。 本西固城千戶所，洪武七年三月置，屬鞏昌府。 十五年四月改置，來屬。 南有白水。 北有化石關。 西北有平定關。
Xigucheng Garrison Defense Military-Civilian Thousand-Household Office: south of the guard. It was originally the Xigucheng Thousand-Household Office, established in the third month of Hongwu 7 and placed under Gongchang Prefecture. In the fourth month of year 15 it was reconstituted and placed under this guard. To the south is the Baishui River. To the north is Huashi Pass. To the northwest is Pingding Pass.
243
榆林衛成化六年三月以榆林川置。 其城，正統二年所築也。 西有奢延水，西北有黑水，經衛南，爲三岔川流入焉。 又北有大河，自寧夏衛東北流經此，西經舊豐州西，折而東，經三受降城南，折而南，經舊東勝衛，又東入山西平虜衛界，地可二千里。 大河三面環之，所謂河套也。 洪武中，爲內地。 天順後，元裔阿羅出、毛裏孩、孛羅出相繼居之。 西南有鹽池，舊屬寧夏衛，嘉靖九年來屬。 又衛東有長鹽池、紅鹽池。 西有西紅鹽池、鍋底池。 又東有長樂堡，分轄雙山等十二營堡，爲中路。 又有神木堡，分轄鎮羌等九營堡，爲東路。 西有安邊營，分轄永濟等十二營堡，爲西路。 俱成化後置。 又北有邊牆，成化九年築，長一千七百七十餘里，東起清水營，接山西偏頭關界，西抵定邊營，接寧夏花馬池界。 南距布政司千一百二十里。
Yulin Guard was established in the third month of Chenghua 6 from Yulin Valley. Its walled city was built in Zhengtong 2. To the west is the Sheyan River; to the northwest is the Black River, which passes south of the guard and joins the Sancha River flowing into it. To the north is also the Great River, which from Ningxia Guard flows northeast past here, west of old Fengzhou turns east, passes south of the old Three Surrenders Fort, turns south past old Dongsheng Guard, and again eastward enters the border of Pinglu Guard in Shanxi—a territory of about two thousand li. The Great River encircles it on three sides—the so-called River Bend. In the Hongwu period it was inner territory. After Tianshun, Yuan descendants Aluochu, Maolihai, and Boluochu dwelt there in succession. To the southwest is the Salt Pond, formerly subordinate to Ningxia Guard; in Jiajing 9 it was placed under this guard. East of the guard are also the Long Salt Pond and the Red Salt Pond. To the west are the West Red Salt Pond and Guodi Pond. To the east is also Changle Fort, which separately governed Shuangshan and eleven other camp forts as the Middle Route. There is also Shenmu Fort, which separately governed Zhenqiang and eight other camp forts as the East Route. To the west is Anbian Camp, which separately governed Yongji and eleven other camp forts as the West Route. All were established after Chenghua. To the north is also the border wall, built in Chenghua 9, more than one thousand seven hundred seventy li long, running east from Qingshui Camp to the border at Piantou Pass in Shanxi and west to Dingbian Camp at the Huamachi border in Ningxia. It lay one thousand one hundred twenty li south of the Provincial Administration Commission.
244
靈州守禦千戶所衛東南。 洪武十六年十月置，治在河口。 宣德三年二月徙於城東。 弘治十三年九月復置靈州於所城。
Lingzhou Garrison Defense Thousand-Household Office: southeast of the guard. It was established in the tenth month of Hongwu 16, with its seat at the river mouth. In the second month of Xuande 3 it was moved to the east of the city. In the ninth month of Hongzhi 13 Lingzhou was re-established at the post city.
245
韋州守禦千戶所衛東南。 弘治十年以故韋州置。 西有大蠡山。 南有小蠡山。 東有東湖。
Weizhou Garrison Defense Thousand-Household Office: southeast of the guard. In Hongzhi 10 it was established from old Weizhou. To the west is Great Lu Mountain. To the south is Little Lu Mountain. To the east is East Lake.
246
平虜千戶所衛北少東。 嘉靖三十年以平虜城置。 東北有老虎山，濱大河。 北有鎮遠關。
The Pinglu Thousand-Household Office lies slightly northeast of the guard. In Jiajing 30 it was established from Pinglu city. To the northeast is Tiger Mountain, on the Great River. To the north is Zhenyuan Pass.
247
寧夏前衛在寧夏城內，洪武十七年置。
The Ningxia Front Guard lay within Ningxia city and was established in Hongwu 17.
248
○寧夏左屯衛
▲ Ningxia Left Garrison Guard
249
寧夏右屯衛亦俱在寧夏城內，洪武二十五年二月置，後廢。 三十五年十二月復置。
The Ningxia Right Garrison Guard also lay within Ningxia city; it was established in the second month of Hongwu 25 and later abolished. In the twelfth month of year 35 it was re-established.
250
靖虜衛正統二年以故會州地置，屬陝西都司。 南有烏蘭山，上有烏蘭關。 北有大河。 西南有祖厲河，東北有亥刺河，皆注於大河。 西南有會寧關。 南距布政司千二百二十里。
Jinglu Guard was established in Zhengtong 2 on the former territory of Huizhou and belonged to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission. To the south is Wulan Mountain, on which is Wulan Pass. To the north is the Great River. To the southwest is the Zuli River and to the northeast the Haiji River; both drain into the Great River. To the southwest is Huining Pass. It lay one thousand two hundred twenty li south of the Provincial Administration Commission.
251
陝西行都指揮使司元甘肅等處行中書省，治甘州路。 洪武五年十一月置甘肅衛。 二十五年罷。 二十六年，陝西行都指揮使司自莊浪徙置於此。 領衛十二，守禦千戶所四。 距布政司二千六百四十五里。
The Shaanxi Branch Regional Military Commission was under the Yuan the Gansu Branch Secretariat, seated at Ganzhou Route. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 5 the Gansu Guard was established. In year 25 it was abolished. In year 26 the Shaanxi Branch Regional Military Commission was transferred from Zhuanglang and established here. It governed twelve guards and four garrison guard thousand-household offices. It lay two thousand six hundred forty-five li from the Provincial Administration Commission.
252
甘州右衛、甘州中衛俱洪武二十五年三月置。
Ganzhou Right Guard and Ganzhou Central Guard were both established in the third month of Hongwu 25.
253
甘州前衛、甘州後衛俱洪武二十九年置。 四衛俱與甘州左衛同城。
Ganzhou Front Guard and Ganzhou Rear Guard were both established in Hongwu 29. All four guards shared the same city as Ganzhou Left Guard.
254
肅州衛元肅州路，屬甘肅行省。 洪武二十七年十一月置衛。 西有嘉峪山，其西麓即嘉峪關也。 弘治七年正月扁關曰鎮西。 西南有小崑崙山，亦曰雪山，與甘州山相接。 北有討來河，東會於張掖河。 西南有白水，又西北有黑水，東南有紅水，俱流入白水，下流入西寧衛之西海。 又東北有威虜衛，洪武中置，永樂三年三月省。 東距行都司五百十里。
Suzhou Guard: under the Yuan it was Suzhou Route, subordinate to the Gansu Branch Secretariat. In the eleventh month of Hongwu 27 the guard was established. To the west is Jiayu Mountain; at its western foothill is Jiayu Pass. In the first month of Hongzhi 7 the pass plaque was changed to read "Pacify the West." To the southwest is Little Kunlun Mountain, also called Snow Mountain, which joins Ganzhou Mountain. To the north is the Taolai River, which eastward meets the Zhangye River. To the southwest is the White Water; to the northwest is the Black Water and to the southeast the Red Water—all enter the White Water, whose lower course flows into the Western Sea of Xining Guard. To the northeast was also Weilu Guard, established in the Hongwu period and abolished in the third month of Yongle 3. It lay five hundred ten li east of the branch regional command.
255
山丹衛元山丹州，直隸甘肅行省。 洪武初廢。 二十三年九月置衛，屬陝西都司，後來屬。 東南有焉支山。 西有刪丹河，即弱水也。 北有紅鹽池。 西距行都司百八十里。
Shandan Guard: under the Yuan it was Shandan zhou, directly subordinate to the Gansu Branch Secretariat. At the beginning of Hongwu it was abolished. In the ninth month of year 23 the guard was established, subordinate to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission and later to the branch commission. To the southeast is Yanzhi Mountain. To the west is the Shandan River, which is the Weak Water. To the north is the Red Salt Pond. It lay one hundred eighty li west of the branch regional command.
256
永昌衛元永昌路，屬甘肅行省，至正三年七月改永昌等處宣慰司。 洪武初廢。 十五年三月置衛，屬陝西都司，後來屬。 北有金山，麗水出焉。 西南有白嶺山，亦曰雪山。 西有水磨川，上有水磨關。 又東南有蹇佔河。 西北距行都司三百十里。
Yongchang Guard: under the Yuan it was Yongchang Route, subordinate to the Gansu Branch Secretariat; in the seventh month of Zhizheng 3 it was changed to the Yongchang and other places Pacification Commission. At the beginning of Hongwu it was abolished. In the third month of year 15 the guard was established, subordinate to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission and later to the branch commission. To the north is Golden Mountain, whence the Lishui issues. To the southwest is White Ridge Mountain, also called Snow Mountain. To the west is the Shuimo River valley, on which is Shuimo Pass. To the southeast is also the Jianzhan River. It lay three hundred ten li northwest of the branch regional command.
257
涼州衛元西涼州，屬永昌路。 洪武九年十月置衛，屬陝西都司，後來屬。 南有天梯山，三岔河出焉。 東南有洪池嶺。 又東北有白亭海，有瀦野澤。 又西有土彌幹川，即五澗水也，亦出天梯山，下流合於三岔河。 又東有雜木口關。 又有涼州土衛，洪武七年十月置。 西北距行都司五百里。
Liangzhou Guard: under the Yuan it was Xiliang zhou, subordinate to Yongchang Route. In the tenth month of Hongwu 9 the guard was established, subordinate to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission and later to the branch commission. To the south is Tianti Mountain, whence the Sancha River issues. To the southeast is Hongchi Ridge. To the northeast are also Baiting Sea and Zhuye Marsh. To the west is also the Tumi'gan River, the Five Streams water, which likewise rises on Tianti Mountain and below joins the Sancha River. To the east is also Zamukou Pass. There is also Liangzhou Native Guard, established in the tenth month of Hongwu 7. It lay five hundred li northwest of the branch regional command.
258
莊浪衛洪武五年十一月以永昌地置。 十二年正月置陝西行都指揮使司於衛城。 二十六年，行都司徙於甘州。 建文中，改衛爲守禦千戶所。 洪武三十五年十月復改所爲衛，屬陝西都司，後來屬。 東有大松山。 其北有小松山。 西有分水嶺，南出者爲莊浪河，北出者爲古浪河。 又南有大通河，與莊浪河合，北流經衛西，入於沙漠。 北距行都司九百四十里。
Zhuanglang Guard was established in the eleventh month of Hongwu 5 on Yongchang territory. In the first month of year 12 the Shaanxi Branch Regional Military Commission was established at the guard city. In year 26 the branch regional command was moved to Ganzhou. In the Jianwen period the guard was reduced to a garrison guard thousand-household office. In the tenth month of Hongwu 35 the office was again made a guard, subordinate to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission and later to the branch commission. To the east is Great Pine Mountain. North of it is Little Pine Mountain. To the west is Watershed Ridge; the southern outlet is the Zhuanglang River and the northern outlet the Gulang River. To the south is also the Datong River, which joins the Zhuanglang River and flows north past the west of the guard into the desert. It lay nine hundred forty li north of the branch regional command.
259
西寧衛元西寧州，直隸甘肅行省。 洪武初廢。 六年正月置衛。 宣德七年十一月升軍民指揮使司，屬陝西都司，後來屬。 西南有小積石山，與河州接界。 東南有峽口山，亦曰湟峽。 南有大河，自西域流入，迴環於陝西、山西、河南、山東四布政司，及南直隸之地，幾至萬里，至淮安府清河縣，南合長淮，又東至安東縣南入於海。 又北有湟水，即蘇木連河也，東入大河。 又西南有賜支河，又城北有西寧河，皆流入大河。 又西北有浩亹水，西南有宗哥川，俱流合於湟水。 又西有西海，亦名卑禾羌海，俗呼青海。 西北有赤海。 又有烏海鹽池。 東南有綏遠關。 西北距行都司千三百五十里。
Xining Guard: under the Yuan it was Xining zhou, directly subordinate to the Gansu Branch Secretariat. At the beginning of Hongwu it was abolished. In the first month of year 6 the guard was established. In the eleventh month of Xuande 7 it was raised to a military-civilian commander-in-chief, subordinate to the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission and later to the branch commission. To the southwest is Little Jishi Mountain, on the border with Hezhou. To the southeast is Gorge Pass Mountain, also called the Huang Gorge. To the south is the Great River, which enters from the Western Regions and circles through the territories of the Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and Shandong provincial administration commissions and Nanzhili for nearly ten thousand li to Qinghe County in Huai'an Prefecture, where it joins the Huai; it then flows east and enters the sea south of Andong County. To the north is also the Huang River, the Sumulian River, which flows east into the Great River. To the southwest is also the Zhi Tributary River, and north of the city is the Xining River; both drain into the Great River. To the northwest is the Hao River and to the southwest the Zongge River; both flow into the Huang River. To the west is also the Western Sea, also called Beihuo Qiang Sea and popularly Qinghai. To the northwest is the Red Sea. There is also the Wuhai Salt Pond. To the southeast is Suiyuan Pass. It lay one thousand three hundred fifty li northwest of the branch regional command.
260
碾伯守禦千戶所本碾北地。 洪武十一年三月置莊浪分衛。 七月改置碾北衛，後廢，而徙西寧衛右千戶所於此。 成化中更名。 南有碾伯河。 西北距行都司千二百三十里。
The Minbo Garrison Guard Thousand-Household Office was originally the Minbei territory. In the third month of Hongwu 11 the Zhuanglang Sub-Guard was established. In the seventh month it was changed to Minbei Guard; later abolished, and the Right Thousand-Household Office of Xining Guard was moved here. In the Chenghua period it was renamed. To the south is the Minbo River. It lay one thousand two hundred thirty li northwest of the branch regional command.
261
古浪守禦千戶所正統三年六月以莊浪衛地置。 古浪河在東。 又南有古浪關。 東有石峽關。 東南距行都司六百四十里。
The Gulang Garrison Guard Thousand-Household Office was established in the sixth month of Zhengtong 3 on Zhuanglang Guard territory. The Gulang River lies to the east. To the south is also Gulang Pass. To the east is Stone Gorge Pass. It lay six hundred forty li southeast of the branch regional command.
262
高臺守禦千戶所景泰七年以甘州衛之高臺站置。 弱水在北。 又西有合黎山。 西南有白城山。 東南距行都司一百六十里。
The Gaotai Garrison Guard Thousand-Household Office was established in Jingtai 7 from the Gaotai station of Ganzhou Guard. The Weak Water lies to the north. To the west is also Heli Mountain. To the southwest is White City Mountain. It lay one hundred sixty li southeast of the branch regional command.