Volume 44 Treatises 20: Geography 5

1

志第二十地理五

Treatise Twenty: Geography, Part Five.

2

○湖廣浙江

▲ Huguang and Zhejiang

3

湖廣《禹貢》荊、揚、樑、豫四州之域。元置湖廣等處行中書省，治武昌路，又分置湖南道宣慰司治天臨路屬焉。又以襄陽等三路屬河南江北等處行中書省，又分置荊湖北道宣慰司治中興路並屬焉。太祖甲辰年二月平陳理，置湖廣等處行中書省。洪武三年十二月置武昌都衛。與行中書省同治。八年十月改都衛爲湖廣都指揮使司。九年六月改行中書省爲承宣布政使司。領府十五，直隸州二，屬州十七，縣一百有八，宣慰司二，宣撫司四，安撫司五，長官司二十一，蠻夷長官司五。爲裏三千四百八十有奇。北至均州，與河南、陝西界。南至九疑，與廣東、廣西界。東至蘄州，與江南、江西界。西至施州，與四川、貴州界。距南京一千七百一十五里，京師五千一百七十里。洪武二十六年編戶七十七萬五千八百五十一，口四百七十萬二千六百六十。弘治四年，戶五十萬四千八百七十，口三百七十八萬一千七百一十四。萬曆六年，戶五十四萬一千三百一十，口四百三十九萬八千七百八十五。

Huguang fell within the Jing, Yang, Liang, and Yu provinces described in the Tribute of Yu. The Yuan established the Huguang Branch Secretariat at Wuchang Route and also set up the Hunan Circuit Pacification Commission at Tianlin Route under its authority. Xiangyang and three other routes were placed under the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat, while the Northern Huguang Circuit Pacification Commission was seated at Zhongxing Route and also made subordinate. In the second month of the Taizu jia-chen year Chen Li was pacified and the Huguang Branch Secretariat was established. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 3 the Wuchang Regional Guard was established. It shared the same seat and administration as the branch secretariat. In the tenth month of year 8 the regional guard became the Huguang Regional Military Commission. In the sixth month of year 9 the branch secretariat was made a provincial administration commission. It governed fifteen prefectures, two directly governed zhou, seventeen subordinate zhou, 108 counties, two pacification commissions, four pacification superintendencies, five soothing commissions, twenty-one native chieftain offices, and five barbarian native chieftain offices. Its registered area was more than 3,480 li square. Northward to Junzhou, on the Henan and Shaanxi frontiers. Southward to Jiuyi, on the Guangdong and Guangxi frontiers. Eastward to Qizhou, on the Jiangnan and Jiangxi frontiers. Westward to Shizhou, on the Sichuan and Guizhou frontiers. It lay 1,715 li from Nanjing and 5,170 li from the capital. In Hongwu 26 registered households totaled 775,851 and population 4,702,660. By Hongzhi 4 there were 504,870 households and 3,781,714 people. In Wanli 6 the province had 541,310 households and 4,398,785 people.

4

武昌府元武昌路，屬湖廣行省。太祖甲辰年二月爲府。領州一，縣九：

Wuchang Prefecture—under the Yuan it was Wuchang Route in the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the second month of the Taizu jia-chen year it was made a prefecture. It governed one zhou and nine counties:

5

江夏倚。洪武三年四月建楚王府於城內黃龍山。東有黃鵠山，下爲黃鵠磯，臨大江。又南有金水，一名塗水，西流至金口入江，有金口鎮巡檢司。又北有滸黃洲、西南有鮎魚口鎮二巡檢司。

Jiangxia (seat-attached county). In the fourth month of Hongwu 3 the Chu princely mansion was built within the city on Mt. Huanglong. To the east is Mt. Huangwu; below it is Huangwu Jetty on the Great River. To the south is the Jin River, also called the Tu River, which flows west to Jinkou and enters the river; there is the Jinkou Town Patrol Inspectorate. To the north is Huhuang Isle and to the southwest Nianyu Mouth Town, where two patrol inspectorates stood.

6

武昌府東。西有樊山，一名西山，產銀銅鐵及紫石英。南有神人山，其下爲白鹿磯。西有西塞山，與大冶縣界。北濱江，中有蘆洲，亦曰羅洲。又西南有樊港，一名樊溪，又名袁溪，匯縣南湖澤凡九十九，北入大江，曰樊口。又東有南湖，一名五丈湖，通大江。東有金子磯鎮、又有赤土磯鎮、西南有白湖鎮三巡檢司。南有金牛鎮、西有三江口鎮二巡檢司，後廢。

Wuchang county lies east of the prefecture seat. To the west is Mt. Fan, also called West Mountain, which yields silver, copper, iron, and purple quartz. To the south is Mt. Shenren; below it is Bailu Jetty. To the west is Mt. Xisai, on the border with Daye County. The north lies on the river; midstream is Luzhou, also called Luozhou. To the southwest is Fangang, also called Fan Creek and Yuan Creek, which collects ninety-nine south-lake marshes of the county and enters the Great River northward at Fankou. To the east is South Lake, also called Wuzhang Lake, which connects to the Great River. To the east are the Jinzi Jetty Town and Chitu Jetty Town patrol inspectorates, and to the southwest the Baihu Town Patrol Inspectorate. To the south was Jinniu Town and to the west Sanjiang Mouth Town—two patrol inspectorates later abolished.

7

嘉魚府西南。西有赤壁山，與江夏縣界。北岸對烏林。西北濱大江，有陸水流入焉，曰陸口，亦曰蒲圻口。東北有簰洲鎮、西南有石頭口鎮二巡檢司。

Jiayu county lies southwest of the prefecture seat. To the west is Mt. Chibi, on the border with Jiangxia County. On the north bank it faces Wulin. The northwest lies on the Great River, where the Lu River flows in at Lukou, also called Puqi Mouth. To the northeast is the Paizhou Town Patrol Inspectorate and to the southwest the Shitou Mouth Town Patrol Inspectorate.

8

蒲圻府西南。西有蒲首山。南有蒲圻河，即陸水也。又西有蒲圻湖。西南有新店等湖，下流至嘉魚縣之石頭口，注於大江。西南有羊樓巡檢司。

Puqi county lies southwest of the prefecture seat. To the west is Mt. Pushou. To the south is the Puqi River, which is the Lu River. Farther west is Puqi Lake. To the southwest are Xindian and other lakes whose lower course reaches Shitou Mouth in Jiayu County and pours into the Great River. To the southwest is the Yanglou Patrol Inspectorate.

9

咸寧府東南。陳友諒時徙治河北。洪武中復還故城，即今治也。西有淦水，即金水之別名。

Xianning county lies southeast of the prefecture seat. Under Chen Youliang the seat was moved north of the river. In the Hongwu period it was restored to the former city, which is the present seat. To the west is the Gan River, another name for the Jin River.

10

崇陽府南。西有巖頭山。西南有龍泉山。東北有壺頭山，下有壺頭港，亦曰崇陽港，匯羣川西合陸水，又名雋水。

Chongyang county lies south of the prefecture seat. To the west is Mt. Yantou. To the southwest is Mt. Longquan. To the northeast is Mt. Hutou; below it is Hutou Port, also called Chongyang Port, where western streams gather and join the Lu River—also called the Juan River.

11

通城府西南。南有錫山，舊產銀錫。北有陸水，自巴陵縣流入。

Tongcheng county lies southwest of the prefecture seat. To the south is Mt. Xi, which formerly yielded silver and tin. To the north is the Lu River, which flows in from Baling County.

12

興國州元興國路，屬湖廣行省。太祖甲辰年二月爲府。洪武九年四月降爲州，以州治永興縣省入，來屬。北有銀山，西有黃姑山，舊俱產銀。南有太平山，與九宮山接。東有大坡山，產茶。東北有大江。東有富池湖，亦曰富水，北流注於江，有富池鎮巡檢司。又東北有黃顙口鎮巡檢司。西北距府三百八十里。領縣二：

Xingguo zhou—under the Yuan it was Xingguo Route in the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the second month of the Taizu jia-chen year it was made a prefecture. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was reduced to a zhou, Yongxing County as the zhou seat was abolished and merged in, and it was placed under the prefecture. To the north is Mt. Yin and to the west Mt. Huanggu—both formerly yielded silver. To the south is Mt. Taiping, which joins Mt. Jiugong. To the east is Mt. Dapo, which produces tea. To the northeast is the Great River. To the east is Fuchi Lake, also called the Fu River, which flows north into the river; there is the Fuchi Town Patrol Inspectorate. Farther northeast is the Huangxiang Mouth Town Patrol Inspectorate. It lies 380 li northwest of the prefecture seat. It governed two counties:

13

大冶州西北。北有鐵山，又有白雉山，出銅礦。又東有圍爐山，出鐵。又西南有銅綠山，舊產銅。大江在北。有道士洑巡檢司。

Daye county lies northwest of the zhou seat. To the north is Mt. Tieshan and also Mt. Baizhi, which yield copper ore. To the east is Mt. Weilu, which yields iron. To the southwest is Mt. Tonglu, which formerly yielded copper. The Great River lies to the north. There is the Daoshi Ford Patrol Inspectorate.

14

通山州西少南。東南有九宮山，寶石河出焉，下流合於富水。東有黃泥壠巡檢司。

Tongshan county lies slightly southwest of the zhou seat. To the southeast is Mt. Jiugong, where the Baoshi River rises and below joins the Fu River. To the east is the Huangnilong Patrol Inspectorate.

15

漢陽府元屬湖廣行省。洪武九年四月降爲州，屬武昌府。十三年五月復爲府。屬湖廣佈政司，尋屬河南。二十四年六月還湖廣。領縣二。西北距布政司，隔江僅七里。

Hanyang Prefecture—under the Yuan it belonged to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was reduced to a zhou subordinate to Wuchang Prefecture. In the fifth month of year 13 it was again made a prefecture. It belonged to the Huguang provincial administration commission, then soon to Henan. In the sixth month of year 24 it was returned to Huguang. It governed two counties. It lay only seven li northwest of the provincial administration commission seat, across the river.

16

漢陽倚。洪武九年四月省。十三年五月復置。大別山在城東北，一名翼際山，又名魯山。漢水自漢川縣流入，舊逕山南襄河口入江。成化初，於縣西郭師口之上決，而東從山北注於大江，即今之漢口也，有漢口巡檢司。大江自巴陵縣西北接洞庭之水，流入府境，至此與漢水會。又西南有沔水，即漢水支流也，仍合漢入江。又有沌水，大江支流也，自沔陽州流入，仍入大江，謂之沌口，有沌口巡檢司。又有弇水，在大江南岸，至弇口入江。又北有灄水，亦漢水支流也，有淪水流合焉，下流注於大江。又西有太白湖，江北諸水多匯焉。西有蔡店鎮、西南有新灘鎮二巡檢司。又西南有百人磯鎮巡檢司，後遷於東江腦。

Hanyang (seat-attached county). In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was abolished. In the fifth month of year 13 it was restored. Mt. Dabie stands northeast of the city, also called Mt. Yiji and Lu Mountain. The Han River flows in from Hanchuan County and formerly passed south of the mountain to enter the river at Xianghe Mouth. At the opening of the Chenghua reign the river burst above Guoshi Mouth west of the county and flowed east along the north of the mountain into the Great River—present-day Hankou—with the Hankou Patrol Inspectorate. The Great River, receiving Dongting waters northwest of Baling County, enters the prefectural territory and here meets the Han River. To the southwest is the Mian River, a branch of the Han that rejoins the Han before entering the river. There is also the Dun River, a branch of the Great River that flows in from Mianyang zhou and re-enters the Great River at Dunkou, where the Dunkou Patrol Inspectorate stands. There is also the Yan River on the south bank of the Great River, which enters the river at Yan Mouth. To the north is the Rao River, another Han tributary; the Lun River joins it and the lower course pours into the Great River. To the west is Taibai Lake, where many north-bank rivers gather. To the west is the Caidian Town Patrol Inspectorate and to the southwest the Xintan Town Patrol Inspectorate. To the southwest was the Bairen Jetty Town Patrol Inspectorate, later moved to Dongjiangnao.

17

漢川府西少北。元屬漢陽路。洪武九年四月改屬武昌府。十三年五月還屬。南有小別山，一名甑山，又有陽臺山。西南有漢水。東有溳水，自雲夢縣來，南入漢，謂之溳口。北有劉家塥巡檢司。

Hanchuan lies west and slightly north of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Hanyang Route. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was placed under Wuchang Prefecture. In the fifth month of year 13 its former jurisdiction was restored. To the south is Lesser Bie Mountain, also called Zeng Mountain, and also Yangtai Mountain. To the southwest is the Han River. To the east is the Yun River, which comes from Yunmeng County and enters the Han to the south at what is called Yunkou. To the north is the Liujiahu patrol inspectorate.

18

黃州府元黃州路，屬河南江北行省。太祖甲辰年爲府，屬湖廣行省。九年屬湖廣佈政司，尋改屬河南。二十四年六月還屬湖廣。領州一，縣八。西南距布政司百八十里。

Huangzhou Prefecture was Huangzhou Route under the Yuan, belonging to the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat. In the Founder's jiachen year it became a prefecture, subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In year 9 it was placed under the Huguang Provincial Administration Commission, soon transferred to Henan. In the sixth month of year 24 it was returned to Huguang. It administered one zhou and eight counties. It lay one hundred eighty li southwest of the Provincial Administration Commission.

19

黃岡倚。南有故城。洪武初，徙於今治。南濱大江，西北岸有赤鼻磯，非嘉魚之赤壁。西有三江口，其上流水分三派，至此合流。中有新生洲，又有崢嶸洲。東有巴河，西有舉水，俱入於江。江濱西有陽邏鎮、北有團風鎮、又西北有中和鎮三巡檢司。又有鹿城關，有大活關。又東北有陰山關。

Huanggang was the attached seat county. To the south is the old city. In early Hongwu the seat was moved to the present location. On the south it borders the Great River; on the northwest bank is Chibiji Rock—not the Red Cliffs of Jiayu. To the west is Sanjiangkou, where the upper streams split into three branches and here unite into one current. Midstream are Xinsheng Isle and Zhengrong Isle. To the east is the Ba River and to the west the Ju River—both entering the Jiang. Along the river to the west are the Yangluo town, Tuanfeng town, and Zhonghe town patrol inspectorates. There are also Lucheng Pass and Dahuo Pass. Farther northeast is Yinshan Pass.

20

麻城府北。東有龜峯山，舉水出焉，流入黃岡縣。東南有長河，又南有縣前河流入焉，下流注於江西。有雙城鎮、鵝籠鎮，東北有虎頭關三巡檢司。又西北有木陵關，在木陵山上。東北有陰山關，在陰山上。又北有黃土關，與木陵、虎頭、白沙、大城爲五關。又西有岐亭鎮，嘉靖五年築城。

Macheng lies north of the prefecture. To the east is Guifeng Mountain; the Ju River issues from it and flows into Huanggang County. To the southeast is the Chang River; also to the south the county-front river enters it, and its lower course reaches Jiangxi. There are the Shuangcheng town, Elong town, and Hutou Pass patrol inspectorates in the northeast. Farther northwest is Muling Pass, on Muling Mountain. To the northeast is Yinshan Pass, on Yinshan Mountain. Farther north is Huangtu Pass; with Muling, Hutou, Baisha, and Dacheng these make five passes. To the west is Qiting town; a city wall was built there in Jiajing 5.

21

黃陂府西。東南濱大江，有武湖自西來，入於江，曰武口，又曰沙武口，亦曰沙洑口。又西有灄水，自漢陽流入江，曰灄口。北有大城潭鎮巡檢司。又北有白沙關，即麻城五關之一也。

Huangpi lies west of the prefecture. On the southeast it borders the Great River; Wu Lake comes from the west and enters the river at Wukou—also called Sha Wukou and Shafukou. Farther west is the Yun River, which flows in from Hanyang and enters the Jiang at Yunkou. To the north is the Dachengtan town patrol inspectorate. Farther north is Baisha Pass, one of Macheng's five passes.

22

黃安府西北。嘉靖四十二年以麻城縣之姜家畈置，析黃岡、黃陂二縣地益之。東有三角山，接蘄水、羅田、蘄州界。又有東流河，下流出團風口入江。西有西河，又有雙河，合流出灄口，入漢。又北有雙山關巡檢司。西北有金扃關，亦曰金山關，與河南羅山縣界。

Huang'an lies northwest of the prefecture. In Jiajing 42 it was established from Jiangjiapan in Macheng County, with territory taken from Huanggang and Huangpi counties to enlarge it. To the east is Triangle Mountain, on the border with Qishui, Luotian, and Qizhou. There is also the East-flowing River, whose lower course leaves at Tuanfengkou and enters the Jiang. To the west is the West River and also the Twin River; they unite and leave at Yunkou to enter the Han. Farther north is the Shuangshan Pass patrol inspectorate. To the northwest is Jinbing Pass, also called Jinshan Pass, on the border with Luoshan County in Henan.

23

蘄水府東少南。元屬蘄州路。洪武九年四月屬蘄州。十一年十月改屬府。西南濱大江。南有浠水，源出英山縣，流經縣境西南入江。又東有蘭溪，東南流入浠水。又北有巴水，源出縣之板石山，流入黃岡縣界。有蘭溪鎮、巴河鎮二巡檢司。

Qishui lies east and slightly south of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Qizhou Route. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was placed under Qizhou. In the tenth month of year 11 it was transferred to the prefecture. On the southwest it borders the Great River. To the south is the Xi River, which rises in Yingshan County, runs through the southwest of the county, and enters the Jiang. Farther east is the Lanxi, which flows southeast into the Xi River. Farther north is the Ba River, which rises at Banshi Mountain in the county and flows into Huanggang County. There are the Lanxi town and Bahe town patrol inspectorates.

24

羅田府東北。元屬蘄州路。洪武九年四月屬蘄州。十一年十月改屬府。東南有浠水。西北有平湖水。南有官渡河，亦名縣前河，平湖水流入焉，下流合黃岡縣之巴河，入大江。東北有多雲鎮巡檢司，又有栗子關，又有上岐嶺、中岐嶺、下岐嶺等關。西北又有平湖關。

Luotian lies northeast of the prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Qizhou Route. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was placed under Qizhou. In the tenth month of year 11 it was transferred to the prefecture. To the southeast is the Xi River. To the northwest is Pinghu water. To the south is the Guandu River, also called the county-front river; Pinghu water flows into it, and downstream it joins Huanggang County's Ba River and enters the Great River. To the northeast are the Duoyun town patrol inspectorate, Liziguan Pass, and the upper, middle, and lower Qiling passes. To the northwest is also Pinghu Pass.

25

蘄州元蘄州路，屬河南江北行省。太祖甲辰年爲府。九年四月降爲州，以州治蘄春縣省入，來屬。正統十年，荊王府自江西建昌遷此。東北有百家冶山，產蘄竹。南濱江。東北有蘄水，出大浮山，經州北，匯爲赤東湖，西南流，接蘄水縣界，注於大江。西有茅山鎮、北有大同鎮二巡檢司。西距府二百十里。領縣二：

Qizhou was Qizhou Route under the Yuan, belonging to the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat. In the Founder's jiachen year it became a prefecture. In the fourth month of year 9 it was reduced to a zhou; its seat county Qichun was abolished and merged in, and it came under Huangzhou. In Zhengtong 10 the Jing princely establishment was moved here from Jianchang in Jiangxi. To the northeast is Baijiaye Mountain, which produces Qi bamboo. On the south it borders the river. To the northeast is the Qi River, which rises at Dafu Mountain, runs north of the zhou, pools as Chidong Lake, flows southwest along the Qishui County border, and enters the Great River. To the west is the Maoshan town patrol inspectorate and to the north the Datong town patrol inspectorate. It lay two hundred ten li west of the prefecture. It administered two counties:

26

廣濟州東北。南濱江，江中有中洲。崇禎末遷治於此，尋復故。又有武山湖、馬口湖皆流通大江。南有武家穴鎮、西南有馬口鎮二巡檢司。

Guangji Zhou lies northeast. On the south it borders the river; midstream is Zhongzhou Isle. Late in the Chongzhen reign the seat was moved here, but soon restored to the former location. There are also Wushan Lake and Makou Lake, both connecting to the Great River. To the south is the Wujiaxue town patrol inspectorate and to the southwest the Makou town patrol inspectorate.

27

黃梅州東北。東南有礦山，舊產鐵。大江在南，江濱有太子洑。又南有縣前河，由小池口入江。西南有新開口鎮巡檢司，屢圮於江，內徙。又南有靖江觜鎮巡檢司。

Huangmei lies east of the zhou. To the southeast is Kuang Mountain, which formerly produced iron. The Great River lies to the south; along the shore is Taizi shoal. Farther south is the county-front river, which enters the Jiang at Xiaochikou. To the southwest is the Xinkaikou town patrol inspectorate, which was repeatedly destroyed by the river and moved inland. Farther south is the Jingjiangzui town patrol inspectorate.

28

承天府元安陸府，屬荊湖北道宣慰司。太祖乙巳年屬湖廣行省。洪武九年四月降爲州，直隸湖廣佈政司。二十四年六月改屬河南，未幾還屬。弘治四年，興王府自德安府遷此。嘉靖十年升州爲承天府。十八年建興都留守司於此。領州二，縣五。東南距布政司五百七十里。

Chengtian Prefecture was Anlu Prefecture under the Yuan, belonging to the Jinghu-Bei Dao Pacification Commission. In the Founder's yisi year it was placed under the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was reduced to a zhou directly under the Huguang Provincial Administration Commission. In the sixth month of year 24 it was transferred to Henan, but before long was returned to Huguang. In Hongzhi 4 the Xing princely establishment was moved here from De'an Prefecture. In Jiajing 10 the zhou was promoted to Chengtian Prefecture. In year 18 the Xing capital garrison was established here. It administered two zhou and five counties. It lay five hundred seventy li southeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

29

鍾祥倚。洪武二十四年建郢王府，永樂十二年除。二十二年建樑王府，正統六年除。元曰長壽縣，元末廢。洪武三年復置。九年四月省入州。嘉靖十年八月復置，更名。東有兩木山，一名青泥山。北有松林山，興獻王陵寢在焉，嘉靖十年賜名純德山，置顯陵縣於此。明末，縣廢。西濱漢水。北有直河，自隨州流入，有滶水流合焉。又有豐樂水，又東有臼水，俱注於漢水。

Zhongxiang was the attached seat county. In Hongwu 24 the Ying princely establishment was founded; it was abolished in Yongle 12. In year 22 the Liang princely establishment was founded; it was abolished in Zhengtong 6. Under the Yuan it was called Changshou County; it was abolished at the end of the Yuan. It was restored in Hongwu 3. In the fourth month of year 9 it was abolished and merged into the zhou. In the eighth month of Jiajing 10 it was restored and given a new name. To the east is Liemu Mountain, also called Qingni Mountain. To the north is Mt. Songlin, where the mausoleum of Prince Xingxian lies; in Jiajing 10 it was granted the name Mt. Chunde, and Xianling County was established here. At the end of the Ming the county was abolished. To the west it borders the Han River. To the north is the Zhi River, which flows in from Suizhou; the Rao River joins it. There is also the Fengle Stream, and further east the Jiu Stream; both empty into the Han River.

30

京山府東。南有縣河，下流至景陵縣，入漢江。又東北有撞河，自隨州流入，至漢川縣入漢江，或謂之富水。

Jingshan County lies east of the prefecture. To the south is the County River; its lower course reaches Xianling County and enters the Han River. Further northeast is the Zhuang River, which flows in from Suizhou and at Hanchuan County enters the Han River—it is also called the Fu River.

31

潛江府東南。元屬中興路。洪武十年八月來屬。北有漢水。西北有潛水，即漢水分流，經縣東南入於漢。又東南有深江，又南有恩江，皆漢水支分也。西南有沱水，爲江水之分流，經縣南，有重湖環繞，又東匯於漢水。

Qianjiang County lies southeast of the prefecture. In the Yuan it belonged to Zhongxing Circuit. In the eighth month of Hongwu 10 it came under this jurisdiction. To the north is the Han River. To the northwest is the Qian River, a branch of the Han; it passes southeast of the county and reenters the Han. Further southeast is the Shen River, and further south the En River; both are branches of the Han. To the southwest is the Tuo River, a branch of the Yangtze; it passes south of the county, is encircled by Chong Lake, and eastward joins the Han River.

32

荊門州元治長林縣，屬荊湖北道宣慰司。洪武九年四月改爲縣，省長林縣入焉，屬荊州府。十三年五月復爲州，仍屬荊州府。嘉靖十年八月來屬。東南有章山，即內方山也。漢水逕其東，亦曰沔水。又西有權水，東南有直江，一名直河，又有陽水，一名建水，皆流入焉。南有荊門守禦千戶所。北有宜陽守禦千戶所。東南有建陽鎮、新城鎮，西北有仙居口，北有樂仙橋四巡檢司。東北距府九十里。領縣一：

Jingmen Prefecture in the Yuan administered Changlin County and belonged to the Pacification Commission of the Northern Jinghu Route. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was changed to a county; Changlin County was abolished and merged in; it belonged to Jingzhou Prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 13 it was restored as a prefecture, still subordinate to Jingzhou Prefecture. In the eighth month of Jiajing 10 it came under this jurisdiction. To the southeast is Mt. Zhang, that is Mt. Neifang. The Han River runs along its east; it is also called the Mian River. Further west is the Quan River; to the southeast is the Zhi River, also called the Zhi He; there is also the Yang River, also called the Jian River; all flow into it. To the south is the Jingmen Garrison Thousand-household Post. To the north is the Yiyang Garrison Thousand-household Post. To the southeast are Jianyang and Xincheng towns; to the northwest Xianju Pass; to the north Lexian Bridge—four patrol offices. Northeast it is ninety li from the prefecture. It administers one county:

33

當陽州西。元屬荊門州。洪武九年改屬荊州府。十年五月省入荊門縣。十三年五月復置，仍屬州。東南有方城，洪武初移治於此。十三年復故。南有玉泉山，玉泉水出焉。北有沮水，源出房縣，逕縣東南，合榕渡，與漳水會，下流至枝江縣，入於大江。北有漳河口巡檢司。

Dangyang County lies west of the prefecture. In the Yuan it belonged to Jingmen Prefecture. In Hongwu 9 its jurisdiction was changed to Jingzhou Prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Jingmen County. In the fifth month of Hongwu 13 it was re-established, still subordinate to the prefecture. To the southeast is Fangcheng; at the beginning of Hongwu the seat was moved here. In Hongwu 13 the former seat was restored. To the south is Mt. Yuquan; the Yuquan Spring issues from it. To the north is the Ju River, rising in Fang County; it passes southeast of the county, joins Rongdu, meets the Zhang River, and downstream reaches Zhijiang County and enters the great river. To the north is the Zhanghekou Patrol Office.

34

沔陽州元沔陽府，屬荊湖北道宣慰司。洪武九年四月降爲州，以州治玉沙縣省入，直隸湖廣佈政司，尋直隸河南。二十四年六月還直隸湖廣。嘉靖十年十二月來屬。東南有黃蓬山，其下爲黃蓬湖。南有大江。北有漢水。東有太白湖，州西十四湖之水悉匯焉，由漢陽縣之沌口入於大江。又南有長夏河，江水支流也，亦曰夏水。西北有襄水，漢水支流也，至州東北瀦口合流，東入於沔水。東有沙鎮、西南有茅鎮二巡檢司。西北距府三百二十五里。領縣一：

Mianyang Prefecture in the Yuan was Mianyang Fu, belonging to the Pacification Commission of the Northern Jinghu Route. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was reduced to a prefecture; Yusha County, the prefectural seat, was abolished and merged in; it was placed directly under the Huguang Provincial Administration Commission, then soon directly under Henan. In the sixth month of Hongwu 24 it was again placed directly under Huguang. In the twelfth month of Jiajing 10 it came under this jurisdiction. To the southeast is Mt. Huangpeng; below it is Huangpeng Lake. To the south is the great river. To the north is the Han River. To the east is Lake Taibai; the waters of the fourteen lakes west of the prefecture all gather there and through Zhunkou in Hanyang County enter the great river. Further south is the Changxia River, a branch of the Yangtze, also called the Xia River. To the northwest is the Xiang River, a branch of the Han; at Zhukou northeast of the prefecture they join, and eastward enter the Mian River. To the east is Shazhen and to the southwest Maozhen—two patrol offices. Northwest it is 325 li from the prefecture. It administers one county:

35

景陵州西北。南有沔水。西南有楊水，北注沔，謂之楊口，亦曰中夏口，又曰楊林口。又有中水，流合楊水，曰中口。東有乾鎮巡檢司。

Jingling County lies northwest of the prefecture. To the south is the Mian River. To the southwest is the Yang River, which northward enters the Mian—called Yang Mouth, also called Middle Xia Mouth, also called Yanglin Mouth. There is also the Zhong River, which flows to join the Yang River—called Zhong Mouth. To the east is the Qianzhen Patrol Office.

36

德安府元屬荊湖北道宣慰司。洪武元年十月屬湖廣行省。九年四月降爲州，屬黃州府。十一月屬武昌府。十三年五月復爲府，屬湖廣佈政司。二十四年六月改屬河南，未幾還屬。領州一，縣五。東南距布政司四百里。

De'an Prefecture in the Yuan belonged to the Pacification Commission of the Northern Jinghu Route. In the tenth month of Hongwu 1 it belonged to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was reduced to a prefecture, subordinate to Huangzhou Prefecture. In the eleventh month it belonged to Wuchang Prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 13 it was restored as a prefecture, subordinate to the Huguang Provincial Administration Commission. In the sixth month of Hongwu 24 its jurisdiction was changed to Henan; before long it was restored. It administers one prefecture and five counties. Southeast it is 400 li from the provincial administration commission.

37

安陸倚。成化二十三年建興王府。弘治四年遷於安陸州。八年建岐王府，十四年除。正德元年，壽王府自四川保寧府遷此，嘉靖二十四年除。四十年建景王府，四十四年除。洪武初，縣省。十三年五月復置。東有章山，即豫章山。溳水在城西，俗稱府河，亦曰石潼河，又西有漳水入焉，謂之漳口。南有高核鎮巡檢司，後移於隨州之合河店。

Anlu County, contiguous to the prefectural seat. In Chenghua 23 the Mansion of the Prince of Xing was established. In Hongzhi 4 it was moved to Anlu Prefecture. In Hongzhi 8 the Mansion of the Prince of Qi was established; in Hongzhi 14 it was abolished. In Zhengde 1 the Mansion of the Prince of Shou was moved here from Baoning Prefecture in Sichuan; in Jiajing 24 it was abolished. In Jiajing 40 the Mansion of the Prince of Jing was established; in Jiajing 44 it was abolished. At the beginning of Hongwu the county was abolished. In the fifth month of Hongwu 13 it was re-established. To the east is Mt. Zhang, that is Mt. Yuzhang. The Yu River is west of the city; commonly called the Prefecture River, also called the Shitong River; further west the Zhang River enters it—called Zhang Mouth. To the south was the Gaohezhen Patrol Office, later moved to Hehedian in Suizhou.

38

雲夢府東南。西南有溳水。東有興安鎮巡檢司，後廢。

Yunmeng County lies southeast of the prefecture. To the southwest is the Yu River. To the east was the Xing'anzhen Patrol Office, later abolished.

39

應城府西南。洪武九年四月屬黃州府。十年五月省入雲夢縣。十三年五月復置。西北有西河，下流入漢水。又峙山鎮巡檢司亦在西北。

Yingcheng County lies southwest of the prefecture. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it belonged to Huangzhou Prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Yunmeng County. In the fifth month of Hongwu 13 it was re-established. To the northwest is the West River; its lower course enters the Han River. The Zhishanzhen Patrol Office is also in the northwest.

40

孝感府東南。洪武九年四月屬黃州府。十年五月省入德安州。十三年五月復置。北有澴水，下流入於漢水。南有淪河，自溳河分流至漢陽，合灄水入江。北有小河溪、東南有馬溪河二巡檢司。

Xiaogan County lies southeast of the prefecture. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it belonged to Huangzhou Prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into De'an Prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 13 it was re-established. To the north is the Huan River; its lower course enters the Han River. To the south is the Lun River, branching from the Yu River to Hanyang, joining the Zhao River to enter the Yangtze. To the north is Xiaohexi and to the southeast Maxihe—two patrol offices.

41

隨州洪武二年正月以州治隨縣省入。九年四月降爲縣，屬黃州府。十年五月省入應山縣。十三年五月復升爲州。西有大溪山，氵員水出焉，下流至漢川縣入漢水。又西有大洪山，漳水所出。西北有溠水，源出栲栳山，又有氵厥水流入焉。又南有浪水，源出大猿山，下流俱注於溳水。又西北有合河店、東北有出山鎮二巡檢司。東南距府百八十里。領縣一：

Suizhou: in the first month of Hongwu 2 Su County, the prefectural seat, was abolished and merged in. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was reduced to a county, subordinate to Huangzhou Prefecture. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Yingshan County. In the fifth month of Hongwu 13 it was again elevated to a prefecture. To the west is Mt. Daxi; the Yun River issues from it; downstream at Hanchuan County it enters the Han River. Further west is Mt. Dahong, whence the Zhang River issues. To the northwest is the Shi River, rising on Mt. Kaolao; the Jue River also flows in and joins it. Further south is the Lang River, rising on Mt. Dayuan; downstream all empty into the Yu River. Further northwest is Hehedian and further northeast Chushanzhen—two patrol offices. Southeast it is 180 li from the prefecture. It administered one county:

42

應山州東。洪武初省。十三年五月復置。西有雞頭山，澴水出焉。西南有溳水。東有白泉河，與澴水合，入孝感縣界。西北有杏遮關巡檢司，即平靖關，義陽三關之一。又西南有平裏市巡檢司。又東北有武陽關，一名武勝關，又名禮山關，亦義陽三關之一。

It lay east of Yingshan Prefecture. It was abolished at the beginning of the Hongwu reign. It was restored in the fifth month of Hongwu 13. To the west was Jitou Mountain, where the Huan River rises. To the southwest was the Yun River. To the east was the Baiquan River, which joined the Huan and entered the border of Xiaogan County. To the northwest was the Xingzhe Pass patrol inspectorate, also called Pingjing Pass—one of the three passes of Yiyang. Farther southwest was the Pingli Market patrol inspectorate. Farther northeast was Wuyang Pass, also called Wusheng Pass and Lishan Pass—again one of the three passes of Yiyang.

43

岳州府元岳州路，屬湖廣行省。太祖甲辰年爲府。洪武九年四月降爲州，直隸布政司。十四年正月復爲府。領州一，縣七。東北距布政司五百里。

Yuezhou Prefecture was the Yuan Yuezhou Route, subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the jiachen year of Taizu (1364) it became a prefecture. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was reduced to a subprefecture directly under the Provincial Administration Commission. In the first month of Hongwu 14 it was made a prefecture again. It administered one subprefecture and seven counties. It lay five hundred li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

44

巴陵倚。洪武九年四月省，十四年復置。西南有巴丘山。又有君山，在洞庭湖中。大江在西北。洞庭湖上納湘、澧二水，自西南來合，謂之三江口。湖之南有青草湖，又西曰赤沙湖，謂之三湖。沅、漸、元、辰、敘、酉、澧、澬、湘九水，皆匯於此，故亦名九江。東南有氵邕湖，亦名翁湖。南有鹿角巡檢司。

Baling (seat-attached county). It was abolished in the fourth month of Hongwu 9 and restored in Hongwu 14. To the southwest was Baqiu Mountain. There was also Jun Mountain, in Dongting Lake. The Great River (Yangtze) was to the northwest. Dongting Lake received the Xiang and Li rivers; where they joined from the southwest was called Sanjiangkou (Three-Rivers Mouth). South of the lake was Qingcao Lake; farther west was Chisha Lake—these were called the Three Lakes. The nine rivers Yuan, Jian, Yuan, Chen, Xu, You, Li, Zi, and Xiang all gathered here, so the place was also called Jiujiang (Nine Rivers). To the southeast was Yong Lake, also called Weng Lake. To the south was the Lujiao patrol inspectorate.

45

臨湘府東北。東南有龍窖山，跨臨湘、通城、當陽、蒲圻四縣界。西南有城陵磯，又有道人磯，皆濱大江，有城陵磯巡檢司。又南有土門鎮、東北有鴨欄磯二巡檢司。

Linxiang County lay northeast of the prefecture. To the southeast was Longjiao Mountain, straddling the borders of Linxiang, Tongcheng, Dangyang, and Puqi counties. To the southwest were Chenglingji and Daorenji, both on the Great River; there was a Chenglingji patrol inspectorate. Farther south was the Tumen Town patrol inspectorate; to the northeast was the Yalanji patrol inspectorate.

46

華容府西北。東有東山，又有石門山。大江在北。又有華容河，自大江分流，南達洞庭湖。南有澧水，東流入洞庭湖。西南有赤沙湖，與洞庭湖接。南有明山古樓巡檢司。又東北有黃家穴巡檢司，後移於塔市。北有北河渡巡檢司，後廢。

Huarong County lay northwest of the prefecture. To the east were East Mountain and Shimen Mountain. The Great River was to the north. There was also the Huarong River, branching from the Great River and reaching Dongting Lake to the south. To the south was the Li River, which flowed east into Dongting Lake. To the southwest was Chisha Lake, adjoining Dongting Lake. To the south was the Mingshan Gulu patrol inspectorate. Farther northeast was the Huangjiaxue patrol inspectorate, later moved to Tashi. To the north was the Beihedu patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

47

平江府東南。元平江州，洪武三年降爲縣。北有永寧山。東北有幕阜山。東有汨水，西南流，昌水北流入焉。東北有長壽巡檢司。

Pingjiang County lay southeast of the prefecture. In the Yuan it was Pingjiang Subprefecture; in Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. To the north was Yongning Mountain. To the northeast was Mufu Mountain. To the east was the Mi River, flowing southwest; the Chang River entered from the north. To the northeast was the Changshou patrol inspectorate.

48

澧州元澧州路，屬湖廣行省。太祖甲辰年爲府。九年四月降爲州，以州治澧陽縣省入，屬常德府。三十年三月來屬。元元貞末徙治新城。洪武五年復舊治。東有關山。西南有大浮山，跨石門、武陵、桃源三縣界。南有澧水，一名蘭江，亦曰繡水。其東有澹水，北有涔水，俱流入焉。東有嘉山鎮巡檢司。東距府二百七十里。領縣三：

Lizhou was the Yuan Lizhou Route, subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the jiachen year of Taizu (1364) it became a prefecture. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was reduced to a subprefecture; Liyang County, the seat, was abolished and merged in, and it was placed under Changde Prefecture. In the third month of Hongwu 30 it was reassigned here. At the end of the Yuanzhen reign (Yuan) the seat was moved to New City. In Hongwu 5 the former seat was restored. To the east was Guan Mountain. To the southwest was Dafu Mountain, straddling Shimen, Wuling, and Taoyuan counties. To the south was the Li River, also called the Lan River and the Xiushui. To its east was the Tan River and to the north the Cen River—both flowed into it. To the east was the Jiashan Town patrol inspectorate. It lay two hundred seventy li east of the prefecture. It administered three counties:

49

安鄉州東南。西有澧水，一名長河。北有涔水。

Anxiang County lay southeast of the subprefecture. To the west was the Li River, also called the Chang River. To the north was the Cen River.

50

石門州西。南有澧水。西北有渫水，亦名添平河，自添平所南流入焉。

Shimen County lay west of the subprefecture. To the south was the Li River. To the northwest was the Xie River, also called the Tianping River, which entered from the south at the Tianping guard post.

51

慈利州西少南。元慈利州，洪武二年降爲縣。西南有天門山，有檳榔洞，與瑤分界。又西有崇山。又有歷山，澧水出焉，下流至華容縣入於洞庭湖。又西有漊水，源出四川巫山縣，東流合諸溪澗之水，至縣西匯於澧水，亦曰後江。西南有永定衛，洪武中置，二十三年八月徙於永順宣慰司之芋岸坪。西北有龍伏關，東南有後平關、黑崇關，謂之永定三關。所屬曰大庸守禦千戶所，本大庸衛，在衛西，洪武九年四月置，三十一年改爲所，曰茅岡長官司，在衛東北，正統中永定衛置。北有九溪衛，洪武二十三年六月置，有九淵、野牛、三江口、閘口四關。所屬曰守禦添平千戶所，在衛北，洪武二年置。曰守禦安福千戶所，在衛西北，洪武二十三年九月置。曰守禦麻寮千戶所，在衛北，洪武四年置。曰桑植安撫司，本桑植、荒溪等處宣撫司，在衛西北，太祖丙午年二月置，後廢，永樂四年十一月改置。

Cili County lay slightly southwest of the subprefecture. In the Yuan it was Cili Subprefecture; in Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. To the southwest was Tianmen Mountain, with Binglang Cave marking the border with the Yao. Farther west was Chong Mountain. There was also Li Mountain, where the Li River rises; below it reached Huarong County and entered Dongting Lake. Farther west was the Lou River, rising in Wushan County, Sichuan; flowing east it gathered tributary streams and at the west of the county joined the Li, also called the Hou River. To the southwest was Yongding Guard, established in the Hongwu period; in the eighth month of Hongwu 23 it was moved to Yuping in the Yongshun Pacification Commission. To the northwest was Longfu Pass; to the southeast were Houping Pass and Heichong Pass—these were called the three passes of Yongding. Subordinate to it were: the Dayong defense thousand-household post (originally Dayong Guard, west of the guard; established in the fourth month of Hongwu 9, converted to a post in Hongwu 31); and the Maogang Chief Office northeast of the guard, established when Yongding Guard was set up in the Zhengtong reign. To the north was Jiuxi Guard, established in the sixth month of Hongwu 23, with the four passes Jiuyuan, Yeniu, Sanjiangkou, and Zhakou. Subordinate to it was the Tianping defense thousand-household post, north of the guard, established in Hongwu 2. Also the Anfu defense thousand-household post northwest of the guard, established in the ninth month of Hongwu 23. Also the Maliao defense thousand-household post north of the guard, established in Hongwu 4. Also the Sangzhi Pacification Commission (originally the Sangzhi, Huangxi, and other pacification commissions), northwest of the guard; established in the second month of Taizu's bingwu year (1366), later abolished, and re-established in the eleventh month of Yongle 4.

52

荊州府元中興路，屬荊湖北道。太祖甲辰年九月改爲荊州府，屬湖廣行省。吳元年十月置湖廣分省於此，尋罷。九年屬湖廣佈政司，尋改屬河南。二十四年還屬。領州二，縣十一。東距布政司千二百一十里。

Jingzhou Prefecture was the Yuan Zhongxing Route, subordinate to the Jinghu North Circuit. In the ninth month of the jiachen year of Taizu (1364) it was renamed Jingzhou Prefecture, subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the tenth month of the first year of Wu (1365) a Huguang sub-province was established here but was soon abolished. In Hongwu 9 it came under the Huguang Provincial Administration Commission, then was reassigned to Henan. In Hongwu 24 it was returned to Huguang. It administered two subprefectures and eleven counties. It lay one thousand two hundred ten li east of the Provincial Administration Commission.

53

江陵倚。洪武十一年正月建湘王府，建文元年四月除。永樂元年，遼王府自遼東廣寧遷於此，隆慶二年十月除。萬曆二十九年十月建惠王府。南濱江。東南有夏水，至沔陽州合於沔水，故沔水亦兼夏水之名。又有陽水，東北至景陵縣，入沔水。又東北有三海，沮、漳水匯流處。北有柞溪。又東有靈溪，亦曰零水，南入江，謂之零口。東北有龍彎市、東南有沙頭市、南有郝穴口、西南有虎渡口四巡檢司。

Jiangling (seat-attached county). In the first month of Hongwu 11 the Xiang princely establishment was built; it was abolished in the fourth month of Jianwen 1. In Yongle 1 the Liao princely establishment was moved here from Guangning in Liaodong; it was abolished in the tenth month of Longqing 2. In the tenth month of Wanli 29 the Hui princely establishment was built. It bordered the river on the south. To the southeast was the Xia River, which joined the Mian at Mianyang Subprefecture, so the Mian was also known by the name of the Xia. There was also the Yang River, flowing northeast to Jingling County and entering the Mian. Farther northeast was Sanhai, where the Ju and Zhang rivers met. To the north was Zuo Stream. Farther east was Ling Stream, also called Ling River; where it entered the river to the south was called Lingkou. To the northeast was the Longwan Market patrol inspectorate; to the southeast, Shatou Market; to the south, Haohekou; and to the southwest, Hudukou.

54

公安府東南。東北有舊城。今治崇禎元年所遷。北濱江，西北有油河流入焉，謂之油口，有油口巡檢司。東北有夏水。

Gong'an County lay southeast of the prefecture. To the northeast was the old walled city. The present seat was moved in the first year of Chongzhen. It bordered the river on the north; from the northwest the You River entered, at a place called Youkou, where there was a Youkou patrol inspectorate. To the northeast is the Xia River.

55

石首府東南。元末治楚望山北，洪武中徙繡林山左，本宋時舊治也。北濱江，江中有石首山。又東有焦山，下有港，通洞庭湖。有調絃口巡檢司。

Shishou lies southeast of the prefectural seat. At the end of the Yuan the seat lay north of Chuwang Mountain; in the Hongwu period it was moved to the left of Xiulin Mountain—the old seat of Song times. To the north it borders the river; in the river is Shishou Mountain. To the east is also Jiao Mountain, with a harbor below that connects to Dongting Lake. There is the Tiaoxiankou patrol inspectorate.

56

監利府東少南。南濱江。東南有魯洑江，亦曰夏水，自大江分流，下至沔陽州入沔。又西有涌水，南入江，謂之涌口。又東有瓦子灣、西有窯所、南有白螺磯、北有毛家口、又有分鹽所五巡檢司。

Jianli lies east and slightly south of the prefectural seat. To the south it borders the river. To the southeast is the Lufu River, also called the Xia River, which branches from the Great River and below reaches Mianyang zhou before entering the Mian. To the west is also the Yong River, which flows south into the river at what is called Yongkou. To the east is also Waziwan; to the west Yaosuo; to the south Bailuoji; to the north Maojiakou; and there is also the Fenyansuo patrol inspectorate—five in all.

57

鬆滋府西南。西南有巴山。北濱大江。南有紅崖子巡檢司。又有西坪塞巡檢司，後廢。

Songzi lies southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is Ba Mountain. To the north it borders the Great River. To the south is the Hongyazi patrol inspectorate. There was also the Xiping Stockade patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

58

枝江府西。洪武十年五月省入鬆滋縣。十三年五月復置。北濱大江，江中有百里洲，江水經此而分，故曰枝江。北有沮水，南入江，謂之沮口。

Zhijiang lies west of the prefectural seat. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was reduced and merged into Songzi County. It was re-established in the fifth month of year 13. To the north it borders the Great River; in the river is Baili Isle, where the Great River passes and divides—hence the name Zhijiang. To the north is the Ju River, which flows south into the river at what is called Jukou.

59

夷陵州元峽州路，屬荊湖北道宣慰司。太祖甲辰年爲府。九月降爲州，直隸湖廣行省。九年四月改州名夷陵，以州治夷陵縣省入，來屬。大江在南。西北有關曰下牢關，夾江爲險。又有西陵、明月、黃牛三峽，峽中有使君、虎頭、狼尾、鹿角等灘，皆江流至險處也。西北有赤谿，東合大江。南有南津口巡檢司。又東有金竹坪巡檢司，後廢。又西有西津關。東北有白虎關。東距府三百四十里。領縣三：

Yiling zhou was the Yuan Xia zhou Route, subordinate to the Jinghu North Circuit Pacification Commission. In the Taizu Jiachen year it became a fu. In the ninth month it was demoted to a zhou, directly subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the fourth month of year 9 its name was changed to Yiling, the seat county Yiling was abolished and merged in, and it was placed subordinate here. The Great River is to the south. To the northwest is a pass called Xialao Pass, flanking the river as a strategic hazard. There are also the Xiling, Mingyue, and Huangniu Three Gorges; within the gorges are the Shijun, Hutou, Langwei, Lujiao, and other shoals—all where the river current is most perilous. To the northwest is the Chixi, which joins the Great River from the east. To the south is the Nanjinkou patrol inspectorate. To the east was also the Jinzhuping patrol inspectorate, later abolished. To the west is also Xijin Pass. To the northeast is Baihu Pass. It lay three hundred forty li east of the fu. It governed three counties:

60

長陽州西南。東南有清江。西有舊關堡、西南有蹇家園、南有漁洋關三巡檢司。南有古捍關。西有梅子八關。

Changyang lies southwest of the zhou. To the southeast is the Qing River. To the west is the Jiuguan Stockade; to the southwest Jianjiayuan; and to the south Yuyang Pass—three patrol inspectorates. To the south is Guhan Pass. To the west are the Meizi Eight Passes.

61

宜都州東南。西北有荊門山，下臨大江，其對岸即虎牙山也。又西有清江，東流合大江，有清江口巡檢司。又西北有古江關、東北有普通鎮二巡檢司。

Yidu lies southeast of the zhou. To the northwest is Jingmen Mountain, facing the Great River below; on the opposite bank is Huya Mountain. To the west is also the Qing River, which flows east to join the Great River; there is the Qingjiangkou patrol inspectorate. To the northwest is also Gujiang Pass, and to the northeast Putong Town—two patrol inspectorates.

62

遠安州東北。舊治亭子山下。成化四年遷於東莊坪。崇禎十三年又遷鳳凰山麓，即今治也。東北有沮水。

Yuan'an lies northeast of the zhou. The old seat lay below Tingzi Mountain. In Chenghua 4 it was moved to Dongzhuangping. In Chongzhen 13 it was moved again to the foot of Phoenix Mountain—the present seat. To the northeast is the Ju River.

63

歸州元治秭歸縣，直隸湖廣行省。洪武九年四月廢州入秭歸縣，屬夷陵州。十年二月改縣名長寧。十三年五月復改縣爲歸州。舊治江北，後治白沙南浦。洪武初，徙治丹陽。四年徙長寧，在江南楚王臺下。嘉靖四十年復還江北舊治。東有馬肝、白狗、空舲等峽。大江在州北，經峽中，入夷陵界。其西有叱灘、蓮花灘、新灘，皆濱江。西北有牛口巡檢司，後遷於巴東縣利洲。東南有南邏口巡檢司，後遷於新灘。東距府五百二十里。領縣二：

Guizhou zhou under the Yuan was seated at Zigui County, directly subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 the zhou was abolished and merged into Zigui County, subordinate to Yiling zhou. In the second month of year 10 the county was renamed Changning. In the fifth month of year 13 the county was again made Guizhou zhou. The old seat lay north of the river; the later seat was at Baisha Nanpu. At the beginning of Hongwu the seat was moved to Danyang. In year 4 it was moved to Changning, south of the river below the King of Chu Terrace. In Jiajing 40 it returned again to the old seat north of the river. To the east are the Magan, Baigou, Kongling, and other gorges. The Great River lies north of the zhou, passes through the gorges, and enters Yiling territory. To its west are Chitan, Lianhua, and Xin shoals—all along the river. To the northwest was the Niukou patrol inspectorate, later moved to Lizhou in Badong County. To the southeast was the Nanluokou patrol inspectorate, later moved to Xin Shoal. It lay five hundred twenty li east of the fu. It governed two counties:

64

興山州西北。洪武九年改屬夷陵州，後還屬。正統九年三月省入州。弘治三年五月復置。南有香溪，亦曰縣前河，南流入江。東北有高雞寨巡檢司。又東有桑林坪巡檢司，後廢。又北有貓兒關，達鄖、襄。

Xingshan lies northwest of the zhou. In Hongwu 9 it was transferred to Yiling zhou, then later returned to Guizhou's jurisdiction. In the third month of Zhengtong 9 it was reduced and merged into the zhou. It was re-established in the fifth month of Hongzhi 3. To the south is the Xiang Stream, also called the County Front River, which flows south into the river. To the northeast is the Gaojizhai patrol inspectorate. To the east was also the Sanglinping patrol inspectorate, later abolished. To the north is also Mao'er Pass, reaching Yun and Xiang.

65

巴東州西。元屬歸州。洪武九年改屬夷陵州。隆慶四年還屬。北濱大江，自四川巫山縣流入，東經門扇、東奔、破石，謂之巴東三峽，下流至黃梅縣入南直宿松縣界。又南有清江，一名夷水，自四川建始縣流入，下流入於大江。又北有鹽井。西南有連天關巡檢司。南有野山關巡檢司，本治石柱，隆慶四年更名。

Badong lies west of the zhou. Under the Yuan it belonged to Guizhou zhou. In Hongwu 9 it was transferred to Yiling zhou. In Longqing 4 it was returned to Guizhou's jurisdiction. To the north it borders the Great River, which flows in from Wushan County in Sichuan; eastward it passes Menshan, Dongben, and Poshi—the Badong Three Gorges—and downstream reaches Huangmei County before entering the border of Susong County in Nan Zhili. To the south is also the Qing River, also called the Yi River, which flows in from Jianshi County in Sichuan and below enters the Great River. To the north is also a salt well. To the southwest is the Liantian Pass patrol inspectorate. To the south is the Yeshan Pass patrol inspectorate, originally seated at Shizhu and renamed in Longqing 4.

66

襄陽府元襄陽路，屬河南江北行省。太祖甲辰年爲府，屬湖廣行省。九年屬湖廣佈政司。二十四年六月改屬河南，未幾，還屬湖廣。領州一，縣六。東南距布政司六百八十里。

Xiangyang Prefecture was the Yuan Xiangyang Route, subordinate to the Henan-Jiangbei Branch Secretariat. In the Taizu Jiachen year it became a fu, subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In year 9 it was placed under the Huguang Provincial Administration Commission. In the sixth month of year 24 it was transferred to Henan, but before long was returned to Huguang. It governed one zhou and six counties. It lay six hundred eighty li southeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

67

襄陽倚。正統元年，襄王府自長沙遷此。南有虎頭山，又有峴山。東南有鹿門山。又西有隆中山。漢水在城北，亦曰襄江。白河在城東北，與唐河合，南入漢，謂之白河口，亦曰三州口。又西北有青泥河，南有浮河，西南有檀溪，下流皆入於漢。北有樊城，有樊城關巡檢司，後移於縣東北之柳樹頭。又東北有雙溝口巡檢司。又西有油坊灘巡檢司，嘉靖十九年移於縣西北之北泰山廟鎮。

Xiangyang County adjoined the seat. In Zhengtong 1 the mansion of the Prince of Xiang was moved here from Changsha. To the south are Hutou Mountain and Xian Mountain. To the southeast is Lumen Mountain. To the west is also Longzhong Mountain. The Han River lies north of the city, also called the Xiang River. The Bai River lies northeast of the city, joins the Tang River, and flows south into the Han at what is called Baihekou, also called Sanzhoukou. To the northwest is also the Qingni River; to the south the Fu River; and to the southwest the Tan Stream—all of whose lower courses enter the Han. To the north is Fancheng, with the Fancheng Pass patrol inspectorate, later moved to Liushutou northeast of the county. To the northeast is also the Shuanggoukou patrol inspectorate. To the west was also the Youfangtan patrol inspectorate, moved in Jiajing 19 to Beitaishanmiao Town northwest of the county.

68

宜城府東南。東有漢水。西有蠻水，亦曰夷水，源出房縣，流至縣界，入漢水，其支流曰長渠。又有沶水，自漢中流入，合於蠻水，謂之沶口。又有疏水，在縣東北，自南漳縣流入，注漢，謂之疏口。

Yicheng lies southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is the Han River. To the west is the Man River, also called the Yi; it rises in Fang County, flows to the county border, and enters the Han, with a branch called the Changqu. There is also the Chi River, which flows in from Hanzhong and joins the Man at what is called Chikou. There is also the Shu River in the northeast of the county, which enters from Nanzhang County and empties into the Han at Shukou.

69

南漳府西南。西北有荊山。南有蠻水，又有沮水，又有漳河，流入當陽縣，合於沮水。東有方家堰、西南有金廂坪二巡檢司。又西有七里頭巡檢司，後移於保康縣之常平堡。

Nanzhang lies southwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest is Mt. Jing. To the south are the Man and Ju rivers and the Zhang River, which flows into Dangyang County and joins the Ju. To the east are the Fangjiayan and Jinxiangping patrol inspectorates. To the west was also the Qilitou patrol inspectorate, later moved to Changping Fort in Baokang County.

70

棗陽府東北。洪武十年五月省入宜城縣，後復置。東南有白水，南有濜水流合焉，西流於沔水，此縣內之白水也。又西南有滾河，流入襄陽之白河。東北有鹿頭店巡檢司。

Zaoyang lies northeast of the prefectural seat. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Yicheng County, then later re-established. To the southeast is the Baishui; the Ying River joins it from the south and flows west into the Mian—this is the Baishui within the county. To the southwest is also the Gun River, which flows into the Bai River at Xiangyang. To the northeast is the Lutoudian patrol inspectorate.

71

谷城府西少北。東北有漢水，又有均水流入焉，謂之均口。又有築水，經縣治東南，注於漢水，曰築口。西有石花街巡檢司。

Gucheng lies west and slightly north of the prefectural seat. To the northeast is the Han River; the Jun River also flows in there at Junkou. There is also the Zhu River, which passes southeast of the county seat and empties into the Han at Zhukou. To the west is the Shihua Street patrol inspectorate.

72

光化府西北。洪武十年省入谷城縣。十三年五月復置。舊治在西。隆慶末，改建於阜城衛，即今治也。東有馬窟山。北有漢水。東有白河，即氵肓水，自河南新野縣流入，有泌河流合焉。西北有左旗營巡檢司，萬曆中，徙於縣舊城。

Guanghua lies northwest of the prefectural seat. In Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Gucheng County. It was re-established in the fifth month of year 13. The former seat lay to the west. At the end of the Longqing reign it was rebuilt at Fucheng Guard, which is the present seat. To the east is Mt. Makou. To the north is the Han River. To the east is the Bai River, also called the Huang, which flows in from Xinye County in Henan; the Mi River joins it. To the northwest was the Zuoqiying patrol inspectorate, moved in the Wanli period to the county's old city.

73

均州洪武二年七月以州治武當縣省入。南有武當山，永樂中，尊爲太嶽太和山。山有二十七峯、三十六巖、二十四澗。北有漢江，一名滄浪水。東北有均水，自河南淅川縣流入。又東南有黑虎廟巡檢司。東南距府三百九十里。

In the seventh month of Hongwu 2 Junzhou was abolished by merging its seat, Wudang County. To the south is Mt. Wudang, honored in the Yongle reign as Taiyue Taihe Mountain. The mountain has twenty-seven peaks, thirty-six cliffs, and twenty-four ravines. To the north is the Han River, also called the Canglang. To the northeast is the Jun River, which flows in from Xichuan County in Henan. To the southeast is also the Heihu Temple patrol inspectorate. It lies three hundred ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat.

74

鄖陽府成化十二年十二月置。領縣七。又置湖廣行都指揮使司於此。衛所俱無實土。東南距布政司千二百里。

Yunyang Prefecture was established in the twelfth month of Chenghua 12. It governed seven counties. The Huguang regional commander-in-chief's office was also established here. The guards and posts all held no substantive territory. It lay one thousand two hundred li southeast of the provincial administration commission.

75

鄖倚。元屬均州。成化十二年置鄖陽府，治此。漢水在南。東南有龍門山，龍門河出焉，下流入於漢水。西北有青桐關。東北有雷峯、椏鎮二巡檢司。

Yun County adjoined the seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Junzhou. When Yunyang Prefecture was established in Chenghua 12, the seat was placed here. The Han River lay to the south. To the southeast is Mt. Longmen, whence the Longmen River issues and flows down into the Han. To the northwest is Qingtong Pass. To the northeast are the Leifeng and Yazhen patrol inspectorates.

76

房府南少西。元房州，屬襄陽路。洪武十年五月以州治房陵縣省入，又降州爲縣，仍屬襄陽府。成化十二年十二月來屬。西南有景山，一名雁山，沮水出焉，流入遠安縣界。又南有粉水，亦曰彭水，又有築水，俱流入谷城縣，注漢。西南有板橋山巡檢司，後移於縣東南之博磨坪。

Fang County lies south and slightly west of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Fangzhou, subordinate to Xiangyang Circuit. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 the zhou was abolished by merging its seat, Fangling County, then demoted to a county still under Xiangyang Prefecture. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was placed under the new prefecture. To the southwest is Mt. Jing, also called Mt. Yan, whence the Ju River issues and flows into Yuan'an County. To the south are also the Fen River, also called the Peng, and the Zhu River, all of which flow into Gucheng County and empty into the Han. To the southwest was the Banqiao Mountain patrol inspectorate, later moved to Bomo Flat southeast of the county.

77

竹山府西南。元屬房州。洪武十年五月省入房縣。十三年五月復置，屬襄陽府。成化十二年十二月來屬。東有方城山。西有築山，築水出焉，流入房縣界。又有上庸山，上庸水所出，南合孔陽水，下流入漢。又南有堵水，源出陝西平利縣界，東流入漢。西北有黃茅關、吉陽關二巡檢司。

Zhushan lies southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Fangzhou. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was abolished and merged into Fang County. It was re-established in the fifth month of year 13 and placed under Xiangyang Prefecture. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was placed under the new prefecture. To the east is Mt. Fangcheng. To the west is Mt. Zhu, whence the Zhu River issues and flows into Fang County. There is also Mt. Shangyong, source of the Shangyong River, which southward joins the Kongyang and flows down into the Han. To the south is also the Du River, rising on the border of Pingli County in Shaanxi and flowing east into the Han. To the northwest are the Huangmao Pass and Jiyang Pass patrol inspectorates.

78

竹溪府西南。本竹山縣之尹店巡檢司，成化十二年十二月改置縣，而移巡檢司於縣東之縣河鎮，尋又遷巡檢司於白土關。南有竹溪河。

Zhuxi lies southwest of the prefectural seat. It was originally the Yindian patrol inspectorate of Zhushan County; in the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 a county was established and the inspectorate moved to Xianhe Town east of the seat, then soon relocated again to Baituguan. To the south is the Zhuxi River.

79

上津府西北。洪武初置，屬襄陽府。十年五月省入鄖陽。十三年五月復置，仍屬襄陽府。成化十二年十二月來屬。西有十八盤山，又有吉水，西南流入漢，俗謂之夾河。南有江口鎮巡檢司。

Shangjin lies northwest of the prefectural seat. It was established at the beginning of Hongwu and placed under Xiangyang Prefecture. In the fifth month of year 10 it was abolished and merged into Yunyang. It was re-established in the fifth month of year 13 and remained under Xiangyang Prefecture. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was placed under the new prefecture. To the west is Mt. Shibapan and the Ji River, which flows southwest into the Han and is commonly called the Jia River. To the south is the Jiangkou Town patrol inspectorate.

80

鄖西府西北。成化十二年十二月以鄖縣之南門保置。南有漢江，自陝西白河縣流入，下流至漢陽縣入於江。

Yunxi lies northwest of the prefectural seat. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 12 it was established from Nanmen Fort in Yun County. To the south is the Han River, which flows in from Baihe County in Shaanxi and downstream reaches Hanyang County before entering the Yangtze.

81

保康府東南。弘治十年十一月以房縣之潭頭坪置。北有粉水，東南有常平堡，嘉靖十九年移南漳縣之七里頭巡檢司於此。

Baokang lies southeast of the prefectural seat. In the eleventh month of Hongzhi 10 it was established from Tantou Flat in Fang County. To the north is the Fen River; to the southeast is Changping Fort, and in Jiajing 19 the Qilitou patrol inspectorate was moved here from Nanzhang County.

82

長沙府元天臨路，屬湖南道宣慰司。太祖甲辰年爲潭州府。洪武五年六月更名長沙。領州一，縣十一。東北距布政司八百八十里。

Changsha Prefecture was the Yuan Tianlin Circuit, subordinate to the Hunan Pacification Commission. In the Taizu Jiachen year it became Tanzhou Prefecture. In the sixth month of Hongwu 5 it was renamed Changsha. It governed one zhou and eleven counties. It lay eight hundred eighty li northeast of the provincial administration commission.

83

長沙倚。治西北。洪武三年四月建潭王府，二十三年除。永樂元年，谷王府自北直宣府遷於此，十五年除。二十二年建襄王府，正統元年遷於襄陽。天順元年三月建吉王府。縣舊治城外，洪武初，徙城中。十八年復徙北門外。萬曆二十四年徙朝宗門內。西有湘水，源出廣西興安縣，流入境，合瀟水、烝水北流，環府城，東北出至湘陰縣，達青草湖，注洞庭湖，行二千五百餘里。北有瀏陽水，西流入湘，謂之瀏口。又有麻溪，流入湘水，曰麻溪口。又西北有喬口巡檢司，喬江與澬江合流處。

Changsha County adjoined the seat. The seat lay northwest of the county. In the fourth month of Hongwu 3 the mansion of the Prince of Tan was built; it was abolished in year 23. In Yongle 1 the mansion of the Prince of Gu was moved here from Xuanfu in the Northern Direct Region and abolished in year 15. In year 22 the mansion of the Prince of Xiang was built; in Zhengtong 1 it was moved to Xiangyang. In the third month of Tianshun 1 the mansion of the Prince of Ji was built. The county's former seat lay outside the city wall; at the beginning of Hongwu it was moved within the city. In year 18 it was moved again outside the North Gate. In Wanli 24 it was moved inside Chaozong Gate. To the west is the Xiang River, rising in Xing'an County in Guangxi; it enters the prefecture, joins the Xiao and Zheng flowing north, encircles the prefectural city, exits northeast toward Xiangyin County, reaches Qingcao Lake, and empties into Dongting Lake—a course of more than two thousand five hundred li. To the north is the Liuyang River, which flows west into the Xiang at Liukou. There is also the Maxi, which flows into the Xiang at Maxikou. To the northwest is also the Qiaokou patrol inspectorate, at the confluence of the Qiao and Zi rivers.

84

善化倚。治東南。舊治在城外，洪武四年徙於城中。十年五月省入長沙縣。十三年五月復置，治在南門外。成化十八年仍徙城中。西南有嶽麓山，湘江繞其東麓。又有靳江，流入湘江。西有橘洲，在湘江中。南有暮雲市巡檢司。

Shanhua County adjoined the seat. The seat lay southeast of the county. The former seat lay outside the city; in Hongwu 4 it was moved within the walls. In the fifth month of year 10 it was abolished and merged into Changsha County. In the fifth month of year 13 it was re-established, with the seat outside the South Gate. In Chenghua 18 it was moved back within the city walls. To the southwest is Mt. Yuelu, with the Xiang River skirting its eastern foothills. There is also the Jin River, which flows into the Xiang. To the west is Orange Isle, standing in the Xiang River. To the south is the Muyun Market patrol inspectorate.

85

湘陰府北。元湘陰州。洪武初降爲縣。北有黃陵山。西有湘水，北達青草湖，謂之湘口。湖在縣北，與洞庭連，亦曰重湖。南有哀江。又北有汨羅江，汨水自平江縣流入，分流爲羅水，會於屈潭，西流注湘，謂之汨羅口。西北有營田巡檢司。

Xiangyin lies north of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Xiangyin zhou. At the beginning of Hongwu it was reduced to a county. To the north is Mt. Huangling. To the west is the Xiang River, which runs north to Qingcao Lake at what is called Xiangkou. The lake lies north of the county, links with Dongting, and is also called the Chong Lake. To the south is the Ai River. Also to the north is the Miluo River: the Mi rises in Pingjiang County, divides into the Luo, meets at Qu Pool, and flows west into the Xiang at Miluokou. To the northwest is the Yingtian patrol inspectorate.

86

湘潭府西南。元湘潭州。洪武三年三月降爲縣。東有昭山，下有昭潭。西有湘水，西南有涓水流入焉。南有下灄市巡檢司。

Xiangtan lies southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Xiangtan zhou. In the third month of Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. To the east is Mt. Zhao, beneath which lies Zhao Pool. To the west is the Xiang River, into which the Juan flows from the southwest. To the south is the Xiahuang Market patrol inspectorate.

87

瀏陽府東。元瀏陽州。洪武二年降爲縣。北有道吾山。東北有大光山。又有大圍山，瀏水出焉，經縣南，入長沙縣界，曰瀏陽水。東南有渠城界、梅子園二巡檢司。又有翟家寨巡檢司，後廢。

Liuyang lies east of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Liuyang zhou. In Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. To the north is Mt. Daowu. To the northeast is Mt. Daguang. There is also Mt. Dawei, whence the Liu River issues; it passes south of the county, enters Changsha County, and is called the Liuyang River. To the southeast are the Quchengjie and Meiziyuan patrol inspectorates. There was also the Zhaijia Stockade patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

88

醴陵府東南。元醴陵州。洪武二年降爲縣。南有淥水，亦曰漉水，西北注於湘水，有淥口巡檢司。

Liling lies southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Liling zhou. In Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. To the south is the Lu River, also written Lu; it flows northwest into the Xiang at Lukou, where there is a patrol inspectorate.

89

寧鄉府西。西有大潙山。北有澬江，源出綏寧縣，經此入沅江縣界，注洞庭。

Ningxiang lies west of the prefectural seat. To the west is Mt. Dawei. To the north is the Zi River, rising in Suining County; it passes through the county, enters Yuanjiang County, and empties into Dongting.

90

益陽府西北。元益陽州。洪武初降爲縣。西南有澬江，亦曰益水。東有喬江，澬江之分流也，下流復合於澬江。

Yiyang lies northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Yiyang zhou. At the beginning of Hongwu it was reduced to a county. To the southwest is the Zi River, also called the Yi. To the east is the Qiao River, a branch of the Zi that rejoins it downstream.

91

湘鄉府西南。元湘鄉州。太祖甲辰年降爲縣。西有龍山，漣水出焉，經縣東南，下流入於湘水。又西有湄水，南有豐溪水，俱入於漣水。西南有武障市巡檢司。又有永豐市、虞磨市二巡檢司，後廢。

Xiangxiang lies southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Xiangxiang zhou. In the Taizu Jiachen year it was reduced to a county. To the west is Mt. Long, whence the Lian River issues; it passes southeast of the county and flows down into the Xiang. To the west is also the Mei River and to the south the Fengxi; both join the Lian. To the southwest is the Wuzhang Market patrol inspectorate. There were also the Yongfeng Market and Yumoshi patrol inspectorates, both later abolished.

92

攸府南少東。元攸州。洪武三年三月降爲縣。南有司空山。東有攸水，自江西安福縣流入，東南有洣水流合焉，下流至衡山縣，入於湘水。南有鳳嶺巡檢司，後廢。

You lies south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was You zhou. In the third month of Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. To the south is Mt. Sikong. To the east is the You River, which enters from Anfu County in Jiangxi; the Mi joins it from the southeast, and the combined stream reaches Hengshan County and enters the Xiang. To the south was the Fengling patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

93

安化府西。東有浮泥山，有大峯山。西北有辰山，西有澬江。又南有善溪，自武陵縣流注於澬江。

Anhua lies west of the prefectural seat. To the east are Mt. Funi and Mt. Dafeng. To the northwest is Mt. Chen, and to the west is the Zi River. To the south is also the Shan Creek, which flows in from Wuling County and empties into the Zi.

94

茶陵州元直隸湖南道。太祖甲辰年降爲縣。成化十八年十月復爲州。西有云陽山。西北有洣水，自酃縣流入。又東南有茶水，源出江西永新縣之景陽山，西流來合焉，北入攸縣之攸水。東有視渡口巡檢司。北距府四百五十里。

Chaling zhou under the Yuan was directly subordinated to the Hunan Circuit. In the Taizu Jiachen year it was reduced to a county. In the tenth month of Chenghua 18 it was restored as a zhou. To the west is Mt. Yunyang. To the northwest is the Mi River, which flows in from Ling County. To the southeast is also the Cha River, rising on Mt. Jingyang in Yongxin County, Jiangxi; it flows west to join the Mi and then north into the You River in You County. To the east is the Shidukou patrol inspectorate. It lay four hundred fifty li north of the prefectural seat.

95

常德府元常德路，屬湖廣行省。太祖甲辰年爲府。領縣四。東北距布政司一千零五十里。

Changde Prefecture was the Yuan Changde Route, subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the Taizu Jiachen year it became a prefecture. It administered four counties. It lay one thousand fifty li northeast of the provincial administration commission.

96

武陵倚。弘治四年八月建榮王府。東南有善德山。南有沅水，又有朗水流入焉，謂之郎口。又東北有漸水，即鼎水也，自九溪衛流入。

Wuling County adjoined the seat. In the eighth month of Hongzhi 4 the mansion of the Prince of Rong was built. To the southeast is Mt. Shande. To the south is the Yuan River, into which the Lang flows at what is called Langkou. To the northeast is also the Jian River—the Ding River—which flows in from Jiuxi Guard.

97

桃源府西。元桃源州。洪武二年降爲縣。西有壺頭山，接武陵、沅陵界。南有沅水，東有朗溪，西南有泥溪，俱流入焉。又西南有高都巡檢司。又南有白馬巡檢司，本名蘇溪，治縣東後春村，尋徙，更名，後廢。

Taoyuan lies west of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Taoyuan zhou. In Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. To the west is Mt. Hutou, on the border with Wuling and Yuanling. To the south is the Yuan River; the Lang Creek lies east and the Ni Creek southwest, and both empty into it. To the southwest is also the Gaodu patrol inspectorate. To the south was also the Baima patrol inspectorate, originally Suxi and first administered at Houchun Village east of the county; it was soon moved and renamed, then abolished.

98

龍陽府東少南。元龍陽州。洪武三年三月降爲縣。舊治在東，今治景泰元年十二月所徙。東有軍山。北有沅水，東北有鼎水流入焉，謂之鼎口，有鼎港口巡檢司。又東南有赤沙湖，一名蠡湖。又西北有小江口巡檢司。

Longyang lies east and slightly south of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Longyang zhou. In the third month of Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. The former seat lay to the east; the present seat was moved in the twelfth month of Jingtai 1. To the east is Mt. Jun. To the north is the Yuan River, into which the Ding flows from the northeast at Dingkou, where there is the Dinggangkou patrol inspectorate. To the southeast is also the Red Sand Lake, also called the Li Lake. To the northwest is also the Xiaojiangkou patrol inspectorate.

99

沅江府東南。元屬龍陽州。洪武三年州廢，來屬。十年五月省入龍陽縣。十三年五月復置。西南有沅水。又有澬水、澧水，並流入縣境，至縣東北入洞庭湖。

Yuanjiang lies southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Longyang zhou. In Hongwu 3 the zhou was abolished and the county came under this prefecture. In the fifth month of year 10 it was merged into Longyang County. In the fifth month of year 13 it was re-established. To the southwest is the Yuan River. The Zi and Li rivers also flow into the county and reach Dongting Lake northeast of the seat.

100

衡州府元衡州路，屬湖南道宣慰司。太祖甲辰年爲府。領州一，縣九。東北距布政司一千三百里。

Hengzhou Prefecture was the Yuan Hengzhou Route, subordinate to the Hunan Pacification Commission. In the Taizu Jiachen year it became a prefecture. It administered one zhou and nine counties. It lay one thousand three hundred li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

101

衡陽倚。弘治十二年，雍王府自四川保寧府遷此，正德二年除。萬曆二十九年十月建桂王府。南有回雁峯，北有岣嶁峯。衡山之峯七十二，在縣者凡七，而二峯最著。東有湘水，又有蒸水自西南流入焉，謂之蒸口。又東北有耒水，注湘，謂之耒口。又東有酃湖。又東有新城縣，元末置。洪武十年五月省爲新城市，江東巡檢司治此。西南有松柏市巡檢司。

Hengyang was the attached seat county. In Hongzhi 12 the Yong princely mansion was moved here from Baoning Prefecture in Sichuan; it was abolished in Zhengde 2. In the tenth month of Wanli 29 the Gui princely mansion was established. To the south is Wild Goose Returning Peak; to the north is Goulou Peak. Mount Heng has seventy-two peaks, seven of which lie within the county; two of these peaks are the most prominent. To the east is the Xiang River; the Zheng River also enters from the southwest at what is called Zheng Mouth. Farther northeast the Lei River joins the Xiang at Lei Mouth. Farther east is Ling Lake. Farther east is Xincheng County, established at the end of the Yuan. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was reduced to Xincheng town, where the Jiangdong patrol inspectorate was stationed. To the southwest is the Songbai Market patrol inspectorate.

102

衡山府東北。元屬天臨路。洪武間改屬。西有衡山，有七十二峯、十洞、十五嶽、三十八泉、二十五溪、九池、九潭、九井，而峯之最大者曰祝融、紫蓋、雲密、石廩、天柱，惟祝融爲最高。東有湘江。東南有茶陵江，即洣水也，自攸縣合攸水流入境，注於湘，曰茶陵口。東有草市、東南有雷家埠二巡檢司。

Hengshan County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Tianlin Route. In the Hongwu reign it was reassigned to Hengyang Prefecture. To the west is Mount Heng, with seventy-two peaks, ten caves, fifteen eminences, thirty-eight springs, twenty-five streams, nine pools, nine ponds, and nine wells; the greatest peaks are Zhu Rong, Zi Gai, Yun Mi, Shi Lin, and Tian Zhu, of which Zhu Rong is the highest. To the east is the Xiang River. To the southeast is the Chaling River—the Mi River—which, having joined the You River in You County, enters the county and empties into the Xiang at Chaling Mouth. To the east is the Cao Market patrol inspectorate and to the southeast the Leijia Bu patrol inspectorate.

103

耒陽府東南。元耒陽州，直隸湖南道。洪武三年三月降爲縣。耒水在北。東有侯計山，肥水出焉，西南入耒水。又西南有羅渡巡檢司。

Leiyang County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Leiyang Zhou, directly subordinate to the Hunan Circuit. In the third month of Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. The Lei River lay to the north. To the east is Houji Mountain, whence the Fei River flows southwest into the Lei. Farther southwest is the Luodu patrol inspectorate.

104

常寧府南。元常寧州，直隸湖南道。洪武三年三月降爲縣。西北有湘水，東有舂陵水合焉。

Changning County lay south of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Changning Zhou, directly subordinate to the Hunan Circuit. In the third month of Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. To the northwest is the Xiang River; to the east the Chunling River joins it.

105

安仁府東少北。西有楊梅峯。南有小江水，自郴州流入，西北流至衡山縣，合於洣水。南有安平、北有潭湖二巡檢司。

Anren County lay slightly north of east from the prefectural seat. To the west is Yangmei Peak. To the south is the Xiaojiang River, which enters from Chenzhou, flows northwest to Hengshan County, and joins the Mi River. To the south is the Anping patrol inspectorate and to the north the Tanhu patrol inspectorate.

106

靈阝府東。洣水在縣東，源出洣泉，西有云秋水流合焉。

Ling County lay east of the prefectural seat. The Mi River lay east of the county; its source is Mi Spring, and from the west the Yunqiu River joins it.

107

臨武州南。西北有舜峯山。西有西山，武水出焉，經宜章縣合於章水。東北有兩路口巡檢司。又東有赤土巡檢，後廢。

Linwu Zhou lay to the south. To the northwest is Shun Peak Mountain. To the west is West Mountain, whence the Wu River flows through Yizhang County to join the Zhang River. To the northeast is the Lianglukou patrol inspectorate. Farther east was the Chitu patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

108

藍山州西南。舊治在縣北，洪武元年徙於此，屬郴州。二年來屬。南有黃檗山。東南有華陰山。西南有九疑山，山有杞林峯，巋水出焉，亦名舜水，北流合舂陵水。又西有守禦寧溪千戶所，洪武二十九年三月置。東有毛俊鎮、北有乾溪鎮、西南有大橋鎮三巡檢司。又西有小山堡、張家陂二巡檢司，後廢。

Lanshan Zhou lay to the southwest. The old seat lay north of the county; in Hongwu 1 it was moved to the present site and placed under Chenzhou. In Hongwu 2 it was brought under direct subordination. To the south is Huangbo Mountain. To the southeast is Huayin Mountain. To the southwest is Mount Jiuyi; on it is Qilin Peak, whence the Kui River—also called the Shun River—flows north to join the Chunling River. To the west is the Ningxi garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the third month of Hongwu 29. To the east is Maojun town, to the north Qianxi town, and to the southwest Daqiao town—three patrol inspectorates. Farther west were the Xiaoshan Fort and Zhangjiabei patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

109

嘉禾州西南。崇禎十二年以桂陽州之倉禾堡置，析臨武縣地益之。東南有巋水，自藍山縣流入，北經石門山，又東北入州界。

Jiahe Zhou lay to the southwest. In Chongzhen 12 it was established from Canghe Fort of Guiyang Zhou, with territory taken from Linwu County to enlarge it. To the southeast is the Kui River, which enters from Lanshan County, flows north past Shimen Mountain, and then northeast into the zhou.

110

永州府元永州路，屬湖南道宣慰司。洪武元年爲府。領州一，縣七。東北距布政司千八百二十里。

Yongzhou Prefecture was Yongzhou Route under the Yuan, subordinate to the Hunan Circuit Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 1 it was made a prefecture. It governed one zhou and seven counties. It lay one thousand eight hundred twenty li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

111

零陵倚。北有湘水，經城西，瀟水自南來合焉，謂之湘口，有湘口關。又南有永水，源出縣西南之永山，北流入於湘水。北有黃楊堡巡檢司，本高溪市，隆慶元年徙治，更名。

Lingling was the attached seat county. To the north the Xiang River passes west of the city; the Xiao River comes from the south to join it at Xiang Mouth, where Xiang Mouth Pass stands. Farther south is the Yong River, which rises at Yong Mountain in the southwest of the county and flows north into the Xiang. To the north is the Huangyang Fort patrol inspectorate, originally Gaoxi Market; in Longqing 1 its seat was moved and it was renamed.

112

祁陽府東北。舊治在縣西，景泰元年十二月徙於今治。北有祁山，上有黃羆鎮。西北有四望山。西有湘水。又城北有祁水，源出邵陽縣，東北流入焉。南有浯溪，下流亦入湘水。又東有歸陽市、東南有白水市、西北有水隆太平市三巡檢司。又東北有湘江市巡檢司，後移於縣東北之排山。

Qiyang County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. The old seat lay west of the county; in the twelfth month of Jingtai 1 it was moved to the present site. To the north is Qi Mountain, on which stands Huangpi town. To the northwest is Siwang Mountain. To the west is the Xiang River. North of the city is also the Qi River, which rises in Shaoyang County and enters from the northeast. To the south is the Wuxi, whose lower course also enters the Xiang. Farther east is the Guiyang Market patrol inspectorate, to the southeast the Baishui Market patrol inspectorate, and to the northwest the Shuilong Taiping Market patrol inspectorate. Farther northeast was the Xiangjiang Market patrol inspectorate, later moved to Pai Mountain northeast of the county.

113

東安府西北。八十四渡山在縣東。又東南有湘水，自廣西全州流入。又有盧洪江，源出縣北九龍巖，經城東，下流入湘水。有盧洪市巡檢司。又有結陂市巡檢司，後廢。

Dong'an County lay northwest of the prefectural seat. Eighty-four Ford Mountain lies east of the county. Farther southeast the Xiang River enters from Quanzhou in Guangxi. There is also the Luhong River, which rises at Jiulong Rock north of the county, passes east of the city, and below enters the Xiang. It has the Luhong Market patrol inspectorate. There was also the Jiebei Market patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

114

道州元道州路，屬湖南宣慰司。洪武元年爲府。九年四月復降爲州，以州治營道縣省入，來屬。西有營山，營水出焉，至泥江，與江華縣之沲水合。東有瀟江，至青口，合於沲水。又西有濂溪，源出州西安定山下，東北合宜水，謂之龍灘，下流俱入湘水。北距府百五十里。領縣四：

Daozhou was Daozhou Route under the Yuan, subordinate to the Hunan Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 1 it was made a prefecture. In the fourth month of year 9 it was again reduced to a zhou; its seat county Yingdao was incorporated, and it was placed under Yongzhou. To the west is Ying Mountain, whence the Ying River flows to Nijiang and joins the Tuo River of Jianghua County. To the east is the Xiao River, which at Qing Mouth joins the Tuo. Farther west is the Lianxi, which rises at An Ding Mountain southwest of the zhou, flows northeast to join the Yi at Longtan, and below both enter the Xiang. It lay one hundred fifty li north of the prefectural seat. It governed four counties:

115

寧遠州東少北。南有九疑山，介衡、永、郴、道之間。山有硃明峯，瀟水出焉。又南有舜源水，北流與江華縣沲、瀟二水合爲三江口。南有九疑、魯觀巡檢司，在九疑、魯觀二峒口。

Ningyuan Zhou lay slightly north of east from the prefectural seat. To the south is Mount Jiuyi, lying between Hengyang, Yongzhou, Chenzhou, and Daozhou. On the mountain is Vermillion Brightness Peak, whence the Xiao River flows. Farther south is the Shunyuan River, which flows north and, with the Tuo and Xiao rivers of Jianghua County, forms Sanjiang Mouth. To the south are the Jiuyi and Luguan patrol inspectorates, at the mouths of the Jiuyi and Luguan cave settlements.

116

江華州南。東南有故城。今治本寧遠衛右千戶所，洪武二十八年置。天順六年徙縣來同治。西有白芒嶺，即萌渚嶺，五嶺之第四嶺也。東有沲水，源出九疑山之石城、娥皇二峯，下流合於瀟水。又東南有砅水，源出九疑山之女英峯，流合沲水。又東有守禦錦田千戶所，洪武二十九年置。又有錦田巡檢司。又西南有錦岡巡檢司，又有濤墟市巡檢司，後移於寧遠縣之九疑、魯觀。

Jianghua Zhou lay to the south. To the southeast is the old city. The present seat is at the right thousand-household post of Beningyuan Guard, established in Hongwu 28. In Tianshun 6 the county seat was moved to govern jointly with it. To the west is Baimang Ridge—also called Mengzhu Ridge—the fourth of the Five Ridges. To the east is the Tuo River, which rises at the Shicheng and Ehuang peaks of Mount Jiuyi and below joins the Xiao. Farther southeast is the Fei River, which rises at Nuying Peak on Mount Jiuyi and flows into the Tuo. Farther east is the Jintian garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in Hongwu 29. There is also the Jintian patrol inspectorate. Farther southwest is the Jingang patrol inspectorate; there was also the Taoxu Market patrol inspectorate, later moved to Jiuyi and Luguan in Ningyuan County.

117

永明州西少南。北有永明嶺，即都龐嶺，五嶺之第三嶺也。南有遨水，自廣西富川縣流入，下流注於瀟水。東南有枇杷守禦千戶所，西南有桃川守禦千戶所，俱洪武二十九年置。又有桃川市巡檢司。又西南有白麪墟巡檢司。

Yongming Zhou lay slightly south of west from the prefectural seat. To the north is Yongming Ridge—also called Dulou Ridge—the third of the Five Ridges. To the south is the Aoshui, which enters from Fuchuan County in Guangxi and below discharges into the Xiao River. To the southeast is the Pipao garrison-defense thousand-household post and to the southwest the Taochuan garrison-defense thousand-household post; both were established in Hongwu 29. There is also the Taochuan Market patrol inspectorate. Farther southwest is the Baimianxu patrol inspectorate.

118

新田州東北。崇禎十二年以寧遠縣之新田堡置。西北有舂陵山，與寧遠縣界，舂陵水出焉，下流至常寧縣，合於湘水。東南有白麪寨巡檢司。

Xintian Zhou lay to the northeast. In Chongzhen 12 it was established from Xintian Fort in Ningyuan County. To the northwest is Mount Chunling, on the border with Ningyuan County; the Chunling River rises there, flows down to Changning County, and joins the Xiang. To the southeast is the Baimianzhai patrol inspectorate.

119

寶慶府元寶慶路，屬湖南道宣慰司。洪武元年爲府。領州一，縣四。東北距布政司千二百五十里。

Baoxing Prefecture was the Yuan Baoxing Route, subordinate to the Hunan Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 1 it became a prefecture. It administered one zhou and four counties. It lay one thousand two hundred fifty li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

120

邵陽倚。南有高霞山，東有烝水。又北有澬水，邵水自東流合焉，有五十三灘，又有四十八灘，皆澬水所經。西北有龍回巡檢司。又北有巨口關。東北有白馬關。

Shaoyang was the attached seat county. To the south is Mount Gaoxia; to the east is the Zheng River. Farther north is the Zi River, into which the Shao River flows from the east; it has fifty-three rapids and forty-eight rapids, all along the Zi's course. To the northwest is the Longhui patrol inspectorate. Farther north is Jukou Pass. To the northeast is Baima Pass.

121

新化府北。南有上梅山，其下梅山在安化縣境。東南有澬水。西南有長鄄巡檢司，尋廢。又北有蘇溪巡檢司。

Xinhua lay to the north. To the south is Upper Meishan; Lower Meishan lies within Anhua County. To the southeast is the Zi River. To the southwest was the Changyuan patrol inspectorate, soon abolished. Farther north is the Suxi patrol inspectorate.

122

城步府西南。本武岡州之城步巡檢司。弘治十七年改置縣，析綏寧縣地益之，而遷巡檢司於縣東北之茅坪鋪，尋又遷山口，後廢。東南有羅漢山，又有巫水，下流入於澬水。

Chengbo lay to the southwest. It was originally the Chengbo patrol inspectorate of Wugang Zhou. In Hongzhi 17 it was reestablished as a county, with territory taken from Suining County added to it; the patrol inspectorate was moved to Maoping Post northeast of the county, then soon relocated to Shankou, and later abolished. To the southeast is Mount Luohan; the Wu River also flows there and below enters the Zi.

123

武岡州元武岡路，屬湖南道宣慰司。洪武元年爲府。九年四月降爲州，以州治武岡縣省入，來屬。永樂二十二年，岷王府自雲南遷於此。北有武岡山。南有云山。又有澬水。西南有都樑水，東北流入焉。北有蓼溪隘、峽口鎮，南有石門隘，東有紫陽關四巡檢司。東有石羊關。東距府二百八十里。領縣一：

Wugang Zhou was the Yuan Wugang Route, subordinate to the Hunan Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 1 it became a prefecture. In the fourth month of year 9 it was reduced to a zhou; Wugang County, the former zhou seat, was abolished and absorbed, and it came under Baoxing Prefecture. In Yongle 22 the Min princely mansion was moved here from Yunnan. To the north is Mount Wugang. To the south is Mount Yun. The Zi River also flows through it. To the southwest is the Dulang River, which flows northeast into it. To the north are the Liaoxi Pass and Xiakou Town patrol inspectorates; to the south the Shimen Pass patrol inspectorate; and to the east the Ziyang Pass patrol inspectorate—four in all. To the east is Shiyang Pass. It lay two hundred eighty li east of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:

124

新寧州東南。舊治在縣東。景泰二年移於沙洲原。南有夫夷水，北流合都樑水。東南有靖位、西有新寨二巡檢司。

Xinning Zhou lay to the southeast. The old seat was east of the county. In Jingtai 2 it was moved to Shazhou Plain. To the south is the Fuyi River, which flows north to join the Dulang. To the southeast is the Jingwei patrol inspectorate and to the west the Xinzhai patrol inspectorate.

125

辰州府元辰州路，屬湖廣行省。太祖甲辰年爲府。領州一，縣六。東北距布政司千七百里。

Chenzhou Prefecture was the Yuan Chenzhou Route, subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the Taizu Jiachen year it became a prefecture. It administered one zhou and six counties. It lay one thousand seven hundred li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

126

沅陵倚。西北有大酉山、小酉山。東有壺頭山。西南有沅水，辰水自東北流入焉。又東有百曳、高涌、九磯、清浪等灘。又酉水在西北，東南入沅水。東有大刺、西北有明溪、又有會溪、東北有池蓬四巡檢司。又有高巖巡檢司，後廢。

Yuanling was the attached seat county. To the northwest are Mount Dayou and Mount Xiaoyou. To the east is Mount Hutou. To the southwest is the Yuan River, into which the Chen flows from the northeast. Farther east along it are the Baiye, Gaoyong, Jiuji, Qinglang, and other rapids. Farther northwest is the You River, which flows southeast into the Yuan. To the east is the Daci patrol inspectorate; to the northwest the Mingxi; there are also the Huixi and Chipeng patrol inspectorates to the northeast—four in all. There was also the Gaoyan patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

127

盧溪府西少南。南有沅水。西有武溪，即潕溪也，下流合於沅水。又西有鎮溪軍民千戶所，洪武三十年二月置。又南有溪洞巡檢司。又西有河溪、西南有院場坪二巡檢司，後廢。

Luxi lay slightly south of west from the prefectural seat. To the south is the Yuan River. To the west is the Wu Creek—also called the Wuxi—which below joins the Yuan. Farther west is the Zhenxi military-civilian thousand-household post, established in the second month of Hongwu 30. Farther south is the Xidong patrol inspectorate. Farther west was the Hexi patrol inspectorate and to the southwest Yuanchangping; both were later abolished.

128

辰溪府西南。東南有五城山。西北有沅水。西有辰水。又東有渡口鎮、南有晉市鎮二巡檢司，後廢。

Chenxi lay to the southwest. To the southeast is Mount Wucheng. To the northwest is the Yuan River. To the west is the Chen River. Farther east was the Dukou Town patrol inspectorate and to the south Jinshi Town; both were later abolished.

129

漵浦府東南。東有紅旗洞。西有漵水，下流入沅水。南有龍潭、東北有鎮寧二巡檢司。

Xupu lay to the southeast. To the east is Hongqi Cave. To the west is the Xu River, which below flows into the Yuan. To the south is the Longtan patrol inspectorate and to the northeast Zhenning.

130

沅州元沅州路，直隸湖廣行省。太祖甲辰年爲府。九年四月降爲州，以州治盧陽縣省入，來屬。北有明山。南有沅江，其源出四川遵義縣，下流至沅江縣，入洞庭湖。西有舞水，即無水也，流入於沅水。西有晃州巡檢司。又西南有西關渡口巡檢司，後廢。東北距府二百七十里。領縣二：

Yuanzhou was the Yuan Yuanzhou Route, directly subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the Taizu Jiachen year it became a prefecture. In the fourth month of year 9 it was reduced to a zhou; Luyang County, the former zhou seat, was abolished and absorbed, and it came under Chenzhou Prefecture. To the north is Mount Ming. To the south is the Yuan River, which rises in Zunyi County in Sichuan, flows down to Yuanjiang County, and enters Dongting Lake. To the west is the Wu River—also called the Wu-less River—which flows into the Yuan. To the west is the Huangzhou patrol inspectorate. Farther southwest was the Xiguan Ferry patrol inspectorate, later abolished. It lay two hundred seventy li northeast of the prefectural seat. It governed two counties:

131

黔陽州東南。東南有羅公山。南有雙石崖，一名屏風崖。景泰中，築寨置戍於此，名安江雙崖城。北有沅水。又東有洪江，西有郎江，南有黔江，俱流入焉。東有安江巡檢司。又西有託口寨。東有洪江寨。

Qianyang Zhou lay to the southeast. To the southeast is Mount Luogong. To the south is Shuangshi Cliff, also called Screen Cliff. During the Jingtai reign a fort was built and a garrison posted here, named Anjiang Shuangya Fort. To the north is the Yuan River. From the east the Hong River, from the west the Lang River, and from the south the Qian River all flow into it. To the east is the Anjiang patrol inspectorate. Farther west is Tuokou Stockade. To the east is Hongjiang Stockade.

132

麻陽州北少西。東有包茅山。西有蠟爾山，與保靖司及四川、貴州界，諸苗蠻在山下者凡七十四寨。南有辰水，自貴州銅仁府流入。西有錦水，下流入於辰州。東北有巖門巡檢司。

Mayang Zhou lay slightly west of north from the prefectural seat. To the east is Mount Baomao. To the west is Mount La'er, on the border with Baojing Commission and Sichuan and Guizhou; seventy-four stockaded settlements of various Miao and other peoples lie below the mountain. To the south is the Chen River, which enters from Tongren Prefecture in Guizhou. To the west is the Jin River, which below flows into Chenzhou. To the northeast is the Yanmen patrol inspectorate.

133

郴州元郴州路，屬湖南道宣慰司。洪武元年爲府。九年四月降爲州，以州治郴陽縣省入，直隸布政司。南有黃岑山，與宜章縣界，亦曰騎田嶺，五嶺之第二嶺也，其支嶺曰摺嶺。又東北有云秋山，與靈阝縣界，雲秋水出焉。東有郴水，發源黃岑山，流合桂陽縣之耒水，下流入於湘水。又西南有桂水，下流合於耒水。西南有石陂巡檢司。領縣五。北距布政司千八百八十里。

Chenzhou Zhou was the Yuan Chenzhou Route, subordinate to the Hunan Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 1 it became a prefecture. In the fourth month of year 9 it was reduced to a zhou; Chenyang County, the former zhou seat, was abolished and absorbed, and it was placed under direct subordination to the Provincial Administration Commission. To the south is Mount Huangcen, on the border with Yizhang County—also called Qitian Ridge, the second of the Five Ridges; its branch ridge is called Zhe Ridge. Farther northeast is Mount Yunqiu, on the border with Lingling County; the Yunqiu River rises there. To the east is the Chen River, which rises at Mount Huangcen, joins the Lei River in Guiyang County, and flows down into the Xiang. Farther southwest is the Gui River, which downstream joins the Lei. To the southwest is the Shipo patrol inspectorate. It administered five counties. It lay one thousand eight hundred eighty li north of the Provincial Administration Commission.

134

永興州北少西。東南有土富山，舊有銀井。西有高亭山。東有郴水，又有白豹水，自西南流入焉，謂之森口。西有高亭、北有安福二巡檢司。

Yongxing Zhou lay slightly west of north from the seat. To the southeast is Mount Tufu, formerly the site of a silver mine. To the west is Mount Gaoting. To the east is the Chen River; the Baibao River also enters from the southwest at Sen Mouth. To the west is the Gaoting patrol inspectorate and to the north the Anfu patrol inspectorate.

135

宜章州南。西南有莽山。東有漏天山。北有章水，支流曰小章水，源俱出黃岑山，有武水自西來合焉，下流入江西崇義縣界。東有赤石、南有白沙二巡檢司。

Yizhang Zhou lay south of the seat. To the southwest is Mount Mang. To the east is Mount Loutian. To the north is the Zhang River; its tributary, the Xiao Zhang River, also rises at Mount Huangcen; the Wu River joins from the west, and below flows into the border of Chongyi County in Jiangxi. To the east is the Chishi patrol inspectorate and to the south the Baisha patrol inspectorate.

136

興寧州東北。南有耒水，東南有資興水流合焉。東有州門巡檢司。東南有滁口巡檢司，後移於西南之黃家摐。

Xingning Zhou lay northeast of the seat. To the south is the Lei River; the Zixing River joins it from the southeast. To the east is the Zhoumen patrol inspectorate. To the southeast was the Chukou patrol inspectorate, later moved to Huangjia Chuang in the southwest.

137

桂陽州西南。南有耒山，耒水所出，西北會於郴水。又東有孤山水，流入江西崇義縣，達於贛水。東有守禦廣安千戶所，洪武二十九年三月置，後廢。宣德八年六月復置。東有益將、西有鎮安、南有長樂山口、北有濠村四巡檢司。

Guiyang Zhou lay southwest of the seat. To the south is Mount Lei, source of the Lei River, which northwest joins the Chen. Farther east is the Gushan River, which flows into Chongyi County in Jiangxi and reaches the Gan. To the east was the Guang'an garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the third month of Hongwu 29 and later abolished. It was restored in the sixth month of Xuande 8. To the east is the Yijiang patrol inspectorate, to the west Zhen'an, to the south Changle Shankou, and to the north Haocun—four in all.

138

桂東州東。西北有小桂山，桂水所出，南有漚江來合焉。又南有高分嶺巡檢司。

Guidong Zhou lay east of the seat. To the northwest is Little Gui Mountain, source of the Gui River; the Oujiang joins it from the south. Farther south is the Gaofenling patrol inspectorate.

139

靖州元靖州路，直隸湖廣行省。太祖乙巳年七月爲靖州軍民安撫司。元年降爲州。三年升爲府。九年四月復降爲州，以州治永平縣省入，直隸布政司。南有侍郎山，與廣西融縣分界。東有渠水，下流合會同縣之郎江而入沅水。西有零溪巡檢司。領縣四。東北距布政司千八百五十里。

Jingzhou was Jingzhou Route under the Yuan, directly subordinate to the Huguang Branch Secretariat. In the seventh month of the Taizu yisi year (1365) it became the Jingzhou Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 1 it was reduced to a zhou. In Hongwu 3 it was promoted to a prefecture. In the fourth month of Hongwu 9 it was again reduced to a zhou; Yongping County, the seat county, was incorporated, and it was placed directly under the Provincial Administration Commission. To the south is Mount Shilang, forming the border with Rong County in Guangxi. To the east is the Qu River, which downstream joins the Lang River in Huitong County and enters the Yuan. To the west is the Lingxi patrol inspectorate. It administered four counties. It lay one thousand eight hundred fifty li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

140

會同州東北。西有沅水，又西南有郎水，自貴州黎平府流入，又東有雄溪，一名洪江，下流俱入於沅水。南有若水巡檢司。

Huitong Zhou lay northeast of the seat. To the west is the Yuan River; the Lang River also enters from Liping Prefecture in Guizhou to the southwest; and to the east is the Xiong Stream—also called the Hong River—all of which flow down into the Yuan. To the south is the Ruoshui patrol inspectorate.

141

通道州南。洪武十年五月省入州。十三年五月復置。北有福湖山。西有渠水，西北有播揚河，自貴州黎平府流合焉。有播揚巡檢司。又西南有收溪寨巡檢司。

Tongdao Zhou lay south of the seat. In the fifth month of Hongwu 10 it was incorporated into the zhou. It was restored in the fifth month of Hongwu 13. To the north is Mount Fuhu. To the west is the Qu River; the Boyang River flows in from Liping Prefecture in Guizhou to the northwest and joins it. There is the Boyang patrol inspectorate. Farther southwest is the Shouxi Stockade patrol inspectorate.

142

綏寧州東。元屬武岡路。洪武元年屬武岡府。三年來屬。東有雙溪，即城步縣巫水之下流也。東北有青坡巡檢司，後移於武陽。西南有臨口巡檢司。

Suining Zhou lay east of the seat. Under the Yuan it belonged to Wugang Route. In Hongwu 1 it belonged to Wugang Prefecture. In Hongwu 3 it was placed under Jingzhou. To the east is the Shuang Stream—the lower course of the Wushui in Chengbu County. To the northeast was the Qingpo patrol inspectorate, later moved to Wuyang. To the southwest is the Linkou patrol inspectorate.

143

天柱州西北。本天柱守禦千戶所，洪武二十五年五月置。萬曆二十五年改爲縣，析綏寧、會同二縣地益之。崇禎十年東遷龍塘，名龍塘縣。後東遷雷寨縣。後還舊治，復故名。東有沅水。西北有屯鎮汶溪後千戶所，洪武二十三年置。東有鎮遠巡檢司，後移上新市，又有江東巡檢司。

Tianzhu Zhou lay northwest of the seat. It was originally the Tianzhu garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the fifth month of Hongwu 25. In Wanli 25 it was made a county, with territory taken from Suining and Huitong Counties to enlarge it. In Chongzhen 10 the seat was moved east to Longtang and named Longtang County. It was later moved east again to Leizhai County. It later returned to the old seat and recovered its original name. To the east is the Yuan River. To the northwest is the Tunzhen Wenxi Rear thousand-household post, established in Hongwu 23. To the east was the Zhenyuan patrol inspectorate, later moved to Shangxin Market; there is also the Jiangdong patrol inspectorate.

144

施州衛軍民指揮使司元施州，屬四川行省夔州路。洪武初省。十四年五月復置，屬夔州府。六月兼置施州衛軍民指揮使司，屬四川都司。十二月屬湖廣都司。後州廢，存衛。北有都亭山。東有連珠山，五峯關在山下。又東南有東門山。東北有清江，自四川黔江縣流入，一名夷水，亦曰黔江，衛境諸水皆入焉，下流至宜都縣入於大江。領所一，宣撫司四，安撫司九，長官司十三，蠻夷官司五。東北距布政司千七百里。

The Shizhou Guard Military-Civilian Command was Yuan Shizhou, subordinate to Kuizhou Route in the Sichuan Branch Secretariat. It was abolished early in Hongwu. It was restored in the fifth month of Hongwu 14 and placed under Kuizhou Prefecture. In the sixth month the Shizhou Guard Military-Civilian Command was also established, subordinate to the Sichuan Regional Military Commission. In the twelfth month it was placed under the Huguang Regional Military Commission. The zhou was later abolished and only the guard remained. To the north is Mount Douting. To the east is Mount Lianzhu; Wufeng Pass lies below the mountain. Farther southeast is Mount Dongmen. To the northeast is the Qing River, which flows in from Qianjiang County in Sichuan—also called the Yishui or Qian River; all waters within the guard enter it, and downstream at Yidu County it joins the Great River. It administered one post, four pacification commissions, nine appeasement commissions, thirteen native chieftain offices, and five barbarian native chieftain offices. It lay one thousand seven hundred li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

145

大田軍民千戶所洪武二十三年閏四月以散毛宣撫司之大水田置。東有小關山。西南有萬頃湖，與酉陽界。又南有深溪關。北有硝場，產硝。東北距衛二百二十里。

The Datian Military-Civilian Thousand-Household Post was established in the intercalary fourth month of Hongwu 23 from Dashuitian of the Sanmao Pacification Commission. To the east is Mount Xiaoguan. To the southwest is Wanqing Lake, on the border with Youyang. Farther south is Shenxi Pass. To the north is a saltpeter works that produces saltpeter. It lay two hundred twenty li northeast of the guard.

146

施南宣撫司元施南道宣慰司。洪武四年十二月因之，後廢。十六年十一月復置，屬施州衛。二十七年後復廢。永樂二年五月改置長官司，屬大田軍民千戶所。四年三月升宣撫司，仍屬衛。東有舊治。後遷夾壁龍孔，即今治也。西有前江，發源七藥山，西南流與後江合，入四川彭水縣界。北距衛一百里。領安撫司五：

The Shinan Pacification Commission was the Yuan Shinan Circuit Pacification Commission. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 4 it was continued as before, and was later abolished. It was restored in the eleventh month of Hongwu 16 and placed under the Shizhou Guard. It was abolished again after Hongwu 27. In the fifth month of Yongle 2 it was made a native chieftain office subordinate to the Datian Military-Civilian Thousand-Household Post. In the third month of Yongle 4 it was promoted to a pacification commission, still under the guard. To the east is the old seat. It was later moved to Jiabi Longkong—the present seat. To the west is the Front River, which rises at Mount Qiyao, flows southwest to join the Rear River, and enters the border of Pengshui County in Sichuan. It lay one hundred li north of the guard. It administered five appeasement commissions:

147

東鄉五路安撫司元東鄉五路軍民府。洪武四年十二月改置長官司，後升安撫司。領長官司三，蠻夷官司二。

The Dongxiang Wulu Appeasement Commission was the Yuan Dongxiang Wulu Military-Civilian Prefecture. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 4 it was made a native chieftain office and later promoted to an appeasement commission. It administered three native chieftain offices and two barbarian native chieftain offices.

148

搖把峒長官司元又把峒安撫司，後廢。宣德三年五月改置。

The Yaoba Dong Native Chieftain Office was formerly the Yuan Yaba Dong Appeasement Commission and was later abolished. It was re-established in the fifth month of Xuande 3.

149

○上愛茶峒長官司

▲ Shang'ai Chachong Native Chieftain Office

150

下愛茶峒長官司二長官司俱元容美洞地。至大二年置懷德府，屬四川南道宣慰司。至順二年正月升宣撫司。至正中，升軍民宣慰司。太祖甲辰年六月改軍民宣撫司，後廢。宣德三年五月改置。

The Upper and Lower Aicha Cave native chieftain offices were both Yuan territory of Rongmei Cave. In Zhida 2 Huaide Prefecture was established, subordinate to the Sichuan South Circuit Pacification Commissionerate. In the first month of Zhishun 2 it was raised to a pacification superintendency. During the Zhizheng reign it was raised to a military-civilian pacification commissionerate. In the sixth month of the Taizu jia-chen year it was made a military-civilian pacification superintendency and later abolished. In the fifth month of Xuande 3 it was re-established.

151

鎮遠蠻夷官司宣德三年五月置。

The Zhenyuan barbarian native chieftain office was established in the fifth month of Xuande 3.

152

隆奉蠻夷官司元隆奉宣撫司。洪武四年十二月改長官司，後廢。宣德三年五月改置官司。

The Longfeng barbarian native chieftain office had been the Yuan Longfeng Pacification Superintendency. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 4 it was made a native chieftain office and later abolished. In the fifth month of Xuande 3 the office was re-established.

153

忠路安撫司明玉珍忠路宣撫司。洪武四年改安撫司，二十三年廢。永樂五年復置，領長官司一。

The Zhonglu Pacification Commission had been Ming Yuzhen's Zhonglu Pacification Superintendency. In Hongwu 4 it was made a pacification commission and abolished in year 23. It was restored in Yongle 5 and governed one native chieftain office.

154

劍南長官司宣德三年五月置。

The Jiannan native chieftain office was established in the fifth month of Xuande 3.

155

忠孝安撫司元置。洪武四年十二月改置長官司，尋復故。二十三年廢。永樂五年復置。

The Zhongxiao Pacification Commission was established under the Yuan. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 4 it was made a native chieftain office, then soon restored to its former status. It was abolished in year 23. It was restored in Yongle 5.

156

金峒安撫司元置。洪武四年十二月改長官司。永樂五年復故。宣德三年五月領蠻夷官司一。隆慶五年正月降爲峒長。

The Jindong Pacification Commission was established under the Yuan. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 4 it was made a native chieftain office. In Yongle 5 it was restored to its former status. From the fifth month of Xuande 3 it governed one barbarian native chieftain office. In the first month of Longqing 5 it was reduced to a cave-district chief.

157

西坪蠻夷官司宣德三年五月置。

The Xiping barbarian native chieftain office was established in the fifth month of Xuande 3.

158

中峒安撫司嘉靖初置。

The Zhongdong Pacification Commission was established in the early Jiajing reign.

159

散毛宣撫司元至元三十年四月置散毛洞蠻夷官。三十一年五月升爲府，屬四川行省。至正六年七月改散毛誓厓等處軍民宣慰司。明玉珍改散毛宣慰使司都元帥。洪武七年五月改散毛沿邊宣慰司，屬四川重慶衛。二十三年廢。永樂二年五月置散毛長官司，屬大田軍民千戶所。四年三月升宣撫司，屬施州衛。南有白水河，一名酉溪，自忠建宣撫司流入，又東南入永順司界。東北距衛二百五十里。領安撫司二：

The Sanmao Pacification Superintendency was established in the fourth month of the Yuan's thirtieth year as the Sanmao Cave barbarian native office. In the fifth month of year 31 it was raised to a prefecture subordinate to the Sichuan Branch Secretariat. In the seventh month of Zhizheng 6 it was made the Sanmao-Shiya and Other Places Military-Civilian Pacification Commissionerate. Ming Yuzhen made it the Sanmao Pacification Commissionerate and commander-in-chief headquarters. In the fifth month of Hongwu 7 it became the Sanmao Frontier Pacification Commissionerate, subordinate to Chongqing Guard in Sichuan. It was abolished in year 23. In the fifth month of Yongle 2 the Sanmao native chieftain office was established, subordinate to the Datian military-civilian thousand-household office. In the third month of year 4 it was raised to a pacification superintendency subordinate to Shizhou Guard. To the south is the Baishui River—also called the Youxi—which flows in from the Zhongjian Pacification Superintendency and farther southeast enters the border of the Yongshun office. It lay two hundred fifty li northeast of the guard. It governed two pacification commissions:

160

龍潭安撫司元龍潭宣撫司。明玉珍改長官司。洪武八年十二月改龍潭安撫司，屬四川重慶衛。二十三年廢。永樂四年三月復置，來屬。南有清江。

The Longtan Pacification Commission had been the Yuan Longtan Pacification Superintendency. Ming Yuzhen changed it to a native chieftain office. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 8 it was made the Longtan Pacification Commission, subordinate to Chongqing Guard in Sichuan. It was abolished in year 23. It was restored in the third month of Yongle 4 and placed under this superintendency. To the south is the Qing River.

161

大旺安撫司明玉珍大旺宣撫司。洪武八年十二月因之，屬四川。永樂五年改置，領蠻夷官司二。

The Dawang Pacification Commission had been Ming Yuzhen's Dawang Pacification Superintendency. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 8 it was kept unchanged and remained under Sichuan. It was re-established in Yongle 5 and governed two barbarian native chieftain offices.

162

東流蠻夷官司洪武八年十二月置東流安撫司，屬四川，後廢。宣德三年五月改置，來屬。

The Dongliu barbarian native chieftain office had been established in the twelfth month of Hongwu 8 as the Dongliu Pacification Commission under Sichuan and was later abolished. It was re-established in the fifth month of Xuande 3 and placed under this superintendency.

163

臈壁峒蠻夷官司宣德三年五月置。

The Labi Cave barbarian native chieftain office was established in the fifth month of Xuande 3.

164

忠建宣撫司元忠建軍民都元帥府。明玉珍因之。洪武五年正月改長官司。六年升宣撫司。二十七年四月改安撫司，尋廢。永樂四年復置宣撫司，屬施州衛。南有白水河，源出將軍山，西南流，車東河自容美司來合焉。北距衛二百五十里。領安撫司二：

The Zhongjian Pacification Superintendency had been the Yuan Zhongjian Military-Civilian Commander-in-Chief Headquarters. Ming Yuzhen kept it unchanged. In the first month of Hongwu 5 it was made a native chieftain office. In year 6 it was raised to a pacification superintendency. In the fourth month of year 27 it was made a pacification commission and soon abolished. In Yongle 4 the pacification superintendency was restored, subordinate to Shizhou Guard. To the south is the Baishui River, which rises on General Mountain and flows southwest; the Chedong River from the Rongmei office joins it there. It lay two hundred fifty li north of the guard. It governed two pacification commissions:

165

忠峒安撫司元湖南鎮邊宣慰司。明玉珍改沿邊溪洞宣撫司。洪武五年正月改沿邊溪洞長官司，後廢。永樂四年改置。西南有酉溪。

The Zhongdong Pacification Commission had been the Yuan Hunan Frontier Pacification Commissionerate. Ming Yuzhen changed it to the Frontier Stream-and-Cave Pacification Superintendency. In the first month of Hongwu 5 it was made the Frontier Stream-and-Cave native chieftain office and later abolished. It was re-established in Yongle 4. To the southwest is the Youxi.

166

高羅安撫司元高羅宣撫司。明玉珍改安撫司。洪武六年廢。永樂四年三月復置。領長官司一。

The Gaoluo Pacification Commission had been the Yuan Gaoluo Pacification Superintendency. Ming Yuzhen changed it to a pacification commission. It was abolished in Hongwu 6. It was restored in the third month of Yongle 4. It governed one native chieftain office.

167

思南長官司成化後置。

The Sinan native chieftain office was established after the Chenghua reign.

168

盤順長官司元元統二年正月置盤順府。至正十五年四月升軍民安撫司。洪武五年三月改爲長官司。

The Panshun native chieftain office had been established in the first month of Yuantong 2 as Panshun Prefecture under the Yuan. In the fourth month of Zhizheng 15 it was raised to a military-civilian pacification commission. In the third month of Hongwu 5 it was made a native chieftain office.

169

椒山瑪瑙長官司、五峯石寶長官司、石樑下峒長官司、水盡源通塔平長官司四長官司，俱洪武七年十一月置，十四年廢。永樂五年復置。

The Jiaoshan Agate, Wufeng Shibao, Shiliang Xiadong, and Shuijinyuan Tongtaping native chieftain offices—all four—were established in the eleventh month of Hongwu 7 and abolished in year 14. They were restored in Yongle 5.

170

木冊長官司元木冊安撫司。明玉珍改長官司。洪武四年廢。永樂四年三月復置，屬高羅安撫司。宣德九年六月直隸施州衛。

The Muce native chieftain office had been the Yuan Muce Pacification Commission. Ming Yuzhen changed it to a native chieftain office. It was abolished in Hongwu 4. It was restored in the third month of Yongle 4 and placed under the Gaoluo Pacification Commission. In the sixth month of Xuande 9 it was made directly subordinate to Shizhou Guard.

171

鎮南長官司元宣化鎮南五路軍民府，尋改湖南鎮邊毛嶺峒宣慰司。明玉珍改鎮南宣撫司。太祖丙午年二月因之，尋廢。洪武八年二月復置，屬施州衛。二十三年復廢。永樂五年改置，直隸施州衛。有酉溪。

The Zhennan native chieftain office had been the Yuan Xuanhua Zhennan Five Routes Military-Civilian Prefecture, soon changed to the Hunan Frontier Maoling Cave Pacification Commissionerate. Ming Yuzhen changed it to the Zhennan Pacification Superintendency. In the second month of the Taizu bing-wu year it was kept unchanged and soon abolished. It was restored in the second month of Hongwu 8 and placed under Shizhou Guard. It was abolished again in year 23. It was re-established in Yongle 5 and made directly subordinate to Shizhou Guard. The Youxi flows through it.

172

唐崖長官司元唐崖軍民千戶所。明玉珍改安撫司。洪武七年四月改長官司，後廢。永樂四年三月復置，直隸施州衛。南有黔水，即清江之上源。

The Tangya native chieftain office had been the Yuan Tangya Military-Civilian Thousand-Household Office. Ming Yuzhen changed it to a pacification commission. In the fourth month of Hongwu 7 it was made a native chieftain office and later abolished. It was restored in the third month of Yongle 4 and made directly subordinate to Shizhou Guard. To the south is the Qian River—the upper reaches of the Qing River.

173

永順軍民宣慰使司元至元中，置永順路，後改永順保靖南渭安撫司。至大三年四月改永順等處軍民安撫司。至正十一年四月升宣撫司，屬四川行省。洪武二年爲州。十二月置永順軍民安撫司。六年十二月升軍民宣慰使司，屬湖廣行省，尋改屬都司。西南有水溪，即酉水也，下流入沅陵縣界。領州三，長官司六。東北距布政司二千里。

The Yongshun Military-Civilian Pacification Commissionerate was established in mid-Yuan as Yongshun Route and later became the Yongshun-Baojing-Nanwei Pacification Commission. In the fourth month of Zhida 3 it was made the Yongshun and Other Places Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. In the fourth month of Zhizheng 11 it was raised to a pacification superintendency subordinate to the Sichuan Branch Secretariat. In Hongwu 2 it was made a zhou. In the twelfth month the Yongshun Military-Civilian Pacification Commission was established. In the twelfth month of year 6 it was raised to a military-civilian pacification commissionerate under the Huguang Branch Secretariat and soon transferred to the regional military commission. To the southwest is the Shuixi—the You River—which below flows into Yuanling County. It governed three zhou and six native chieftain offices. It lay two thousand li northeast of the provincial administration commission.

174

南渭州司西。元屬新添葛蠻安撫司，後廢。洪武二年復置，改屬。

Nanwei Zhou lay to the west. Under the Yuan it belonged to the Xintian Gemang Pacification Commission and was later abolished. It was restored in Hongwu 2 and reassigned.

175

施溶州司東南。元會溪施溶等處長官司，屬思州軍民安撫司，後廢。洪武二年改置，來屬。

Shirong Prefecture—southeast of the commission seat. Under the Yuan it was the Huixi Shirong Native Chieftain Office, subordinate to the Sizhou Military-Civilian Pacification Commission, and was later abolished. In Hongwu 2 it was re-established and placed under this authority.

176

上溪州司西。洪武二年置

Shangxi Prefecture—west of the commission seat. Established in Hongwu 2

177

臈惹洞長官司、麥著黃洞長官司、驢遲洞長官司、施溶溪長官司四長官司，元俱屬思州軍民安撫司。洪武三年改屬。

The Laradong, Maizhuhuangdong, Lvchidong, and Shirongxi native chieftain offices—in all four offices—had under the Yuan belonged to the Sizhou Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 3 their subordination was changed.

178

白崖洞長官司元屬新添葛蠻安撫司。洪武三年改屬。

Baiyadong Native Chieftain Office had under the Yuan belonged to the Xintian Gemang Pacification Commission. In Hongwu 3 it was reassigned.

179

田家洞長官司洪武三年置。

Tianjiadong Native Chieftain Office was established in Hongwu 3.

180

保靖州軍民宣慰使司元保靖州，屬新添葛蠻安撫司。太祖丙午年二月置保靖州軍民安撫司。洪武元年九月改宣慰司。六年十二月升軍民宣慰使司，直隸湖廣行省，尋改屬都司。北有北河，自酉陽司流入，東入永順司界。又有峒河，下流與盧溪縣之武溪合。領長官司二。東北距布政司千九百七十里。

The Baojing Military-Civilian Pacification Superintendency had been Baojing zhou under the Yuan, subordinate to the Xintian Gemang Pacification Commission. In the second month of Taizu's bingwu year (1366) the Baojing Military-Civilian Pacification Commission was established. In the ninth month of Hongwu 1 it was made a pacification superintendency. In the twelfth month of year 6 it was raised to a military-civilian pacification superintendency directly under the Huguang Branch Secretariat, then soon reassigned to the regional military commission. To the north is the North River, which flows in from the Youyang office and runs east into the border of the Yongshun office. There is also the Dong River, whose lower course joins the Wuxi in Luxi County. It administered two native chieftain offices. It lay one thousand nine hundred seventy li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

181

五寨長官司司南。元置，洪武七年六月因之。

Wuzhai Native Chieftain Office—south of the superintendency seat. Established under the Yuan; in the sixth month of Hongwu 7 it was retained unchanged.

182

筸子坪長官司司南。太祖甲辰年六月置竿子坪洞元帥府，後廢。永樂三年七月改置。

Ganziping Native Chieftain Office—south of the superintendency seat. In the sixth month of Taizu's jiachen year (1364) the Ganzipingdong Marshal's Office was established; it was later abolished. In the seventh month of Yongle 3 it was re-established in altered form.

183

浙江《禹貢》揚州之域。元置江浙等處行中書省，治杭州路。又分置浙東道宣慰使司，治慶元路。屬焉。太祖戊戌年十二月置中書分省。治甯越府。癸卯年二月移治嚴州府。丙午年十二月罷分省，置浙江等處行中書省。治杭州府。洪武三年十二月置杭州都衛。與行中書省同治。八年十月改都衛爲浙江都指揮使司。九年六月改行中書省爲承宣布政使司。領府十一，屬州一，縣七十五。爲裏一萬零八百九十九。西至開化，與江南界。南至平陽，與福建界。北至太湖，與江南界。東至海。距南京九百里，京師三千二百里。洪武二十六年編戶二百一十三萬八千二百二十五，口一千四十八萬七千五百六十七。弘治四年，戶一百五十萬三千一百二十四，口五百三十萬五千八百四十三。萬曆六年，戶一百五十四萬二千四百八，口五百一十五萬三千五。

Zhejiang fell within the Yang province described in the Tribute of Yu. The Yuan established the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat, seated at Hangzhou Route. It also separately set up the Zhedong Circuit Pacification Superintendency at Qingyuan Route. This was subordinate to it. In the twelfth month of Taizu's wuxu year (1358) a branch secretariat sub-province was established. Its seat was at Ningyue Prefecture. In the second month of the guimao year (1363) the seat was moved to Yanzhou Prefecture. In the twelfth month of the bingwu year (1366) the sub-province was abolished and the Zhejiang Branch Secretariat was established. Its seat was at Hangzhou Prefecture. In the twelfth month of Hongwu 3 the Hangzhou Regional Guard was established. It shared the same seat and administration as the branch secretariat. In the tenth month of year 8 the regional guard became the Zhejiang Regional Military Commission. In the sixth month of year 9 the branch secretariat was made a provincial administration commission. It governed eleven prefectures, one subordinate zhou, and seventy-five counties. Its registered area was 10,899 li square. On the west it reached Kaihua and bordered Jiangnan. On the south it reached Pingyang and bordered Fujian. On the north it reached Taihu and bordered Jiangnan. On the east it reached the sea. It lay nine hundred li from Nanjing and three thousand two hundred li from the capital. In Hongwu 26 there were 2,138,225 registered households and a population of 10,487,567. In Hongzhi 4 there were 1,503,124 households and a population of 5,305,843. In Wanli 6 there were 1,542,408 households and a population of 5,153,005.

184

杭州府元杭州路，屬江浙行省。太祖丙午年十一月爲府。領縣九：

Hangzhou Prefecture was Hangzhou Route under the Yuan, subordinate to the Jiangzhe Branch Secretariat. In the eleventh month of Taizu's bingwu year (1366) it was made a prefecture. It governed nine counties:

185

錢塘倚。洪武三年四月建吳王府。十一年正月改封周王，遷河南開封府。南有鳳凰山，有秦望山。西南有靈隱山。南有錢塘江，亦曰浙江，有三源：曰新安江，出南直歙縣；曰信安江，出開化縣；曰東陽江，出東陽縣。匯而東爲錢塘江，至會稽縣三江海口入海。西有西湖，源出武林泉。又北有運河，至秀水縣北，而接南直運河。又有安溪，即苕溪也，自餘杭縣流入，下流至烏程縣東北，注於太湖。

Qiantang was the attached seat county. In the fourth month of Hongwu 3 the Wu princely mansion was built. In the first month of year 11 the holder was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Zhou and moved to Kaifeng Prefecture in Henan. To the south are Fenghuang Mountain and Qinwang Mountain. To the southwest is Lingyin Mountain. To the south is the Qiantang River, also called the Zhe, which has three sources: the Xin'an River, rising in She County of Nanzhili; the Xinan River, rising in Kaihua County; and the Dongyang River, rising in Dongyang County. They converge and flow east as the Qiantang River, which reaches the sea at the Sanjiang estuary in Kuaiji County. To the west is West Lake, fed by the Wulin spring. To the north is also the Grand Canal, which runs to the north of Xiushui County and joins the Nanzhili canal. There is also the Anxi—the Tiaoxi—which flows in from Yuhang County and, farther downstream, empties into Taihu at the northeast of Wucheng County.

186

仁和倚。東北有皋亭山，有臨平山，下有臨平湖，後塞。北有北新關，成化中設戶部分司於此。又有塘棲鎮。

Renhe was the attached seat county. To the northeast are Gaoting Mountain and Linping Mountain; below the latter was Linping Lake, later silted up. To the north is Beixin Pass, where in the Chenghua reign a branch office of the Ministry of Revenue was established. There is also Tangxi town.

187

海寧府東少北。元海寧州。洪武二年降爲縣。南濱海，有捍海塘。西南有赭山，與蕭山縣龕山相對，浙江經其中，東接大海，謂之海門。東南有石墩鎮巡檢司，本置縣東北硤石鎮，後遷於此，更名。西南有赭山鎮巡檢司，本置縣西陳橋北，尋遷赭山，更名，又遷文堂山上，仍故名。又西北有長安鎮。

Haining lay slightly north of east from the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Haining zhou. In Hongwu 2 it was demoted to a county. Its south bordered the sea and had a seawall. To the southwest is Zhe Mountain, facing Zhan Mountain in Xiaoshan County; the Zhe River runs between them and eastward to the open sea at what is called the Sea Gate. To the southeast is the Shidun Market Patrol Inspectorate, first set at Qishi Market northeast of the county, later moved here and renamed. To the southwest is the Zhe Mountain Patrol Inspectorate, first placed north of Chenqiao west of the county, soon moved to Zhe Mountain and renamed, then moved again to Wentang Mountain while keeping the old name. Farther northwest is Chang'an Market.

188

富陽府西。東有觀山。西南有湖洑山。東南臨富春江，即錢塘江也。西南有東梓巡檢司，後廢。

Fuyang lay west of the prefectural seat. To the east is Guan Mountain. To the southwest is Hufu Mountain. To the southeast lies the Fuchun River—the Qiantang River. To the southwest was the Dongzi Patrol Inspectorate, later abolished.

189

餘杭府西北。西南有大滌山。西北有徑山。南有苕溪，源出於潛縣天目山。東北有石瀨巡檢司，後廢。

Yuhang lay northwest of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is Dadi Mountain. To the northwest is Jing Mountain. To the south is the Tiaoxi, which rises on Tianmu Mountain in Qian County. To the northeast was the Shilai Patrol Inspectorate, later abolished.

190

臨安府西。舊治在縣西西墅鎮。洪武初徙於今所，本吳越衣錦軍也。西有天目山，亦曰東天目，其在於潛境者爲西天目。西北有南溪，即東苕溪也，源出天目山，經縣南，亦曰新溪。

Lin'an lay west of the prefectural seat. Its former seat was at Xishu Market west of the county. At the beginning of the Hongwu reign it was moved to the present site, formerly the Wu-Yue Yijin Army headquarters. To the west is Tianmu Mountain, also called East Tianmu; the peak in Qian territory is West Tianmu. To the northwest is the Nanxi—the East Tiaoxi—which rises on Tianmu Mountain, runs south of the county, and is also called the Xinxi.

191

於潛府西。北有天目山，浮溪出焉。縣南爲紫溪，下流至桐盧縣入浙江。

Qian lay west of the prefectural seat. To the north is Tianmu Mountain, whence the Fuxi flows. South of the county is the Zixi, which below flows to Tonglu County and enters the Zhe River.

192

新城府西南。西有葛溪，又東北有松溪合焉，至峴口入於浙江。

Xincheng lay southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west is the Gexi; the Songxi also joins it from the northeast, and at Xian Mouth they enter the Zhe River.

193

昌化府西。東南有柳相山。南有銅坑山。西北有千頃山。西有昱嶺，上有關。又西北有黃花嶺，上亦有關。東南有柳溪，東流合於於潛之紫溪。又有雙溪，自縣治南流入柳溪。西有手甗嶺巡檢司，遷縣西南株柳村，又遷縣西湛村，又遷楊家塘，仍故名。

Changhua lay west of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Liuxiang Mountain. To the south is Tongkeng Mountain. To the northwest is Qianqing Mountain. To the west is Yuling, on which stands a pass. Farther northwest is also Huanghua Ridge, which has a pass on its summit. To the southeast is Willow Creek, which flows east and joins the Zi Creek of Yuqian. There is also Shuang Creek, which flows in from south of the county seat into Willow Creek. To the west was the Shounao Ridge patrol inspectorate, moved to Zhuliu Village southwest of the county, then to Zhan Village west of the county, then to Yangjiatang, keeping the original name.

194

嚴州府元建德路，屬江浙行省。太祖戊戌年三月爲建安府，尋曰建德府。壬寅年二月改曰嚴州府。領縣六。東北距布政司二百七十里。

Yanzhou Prefecture was the Yuan Jiande Route, subordinate to the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat. In the third month of the Taizu wuxu year it became Jian'an Prefecture and was soon renamed Jiande Prefecture. In the second month of the renyin year it was renamed Yanzhou Prefecture. It administered six counties. It lay two hundred seventy li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

195

建德倚。北有烏龍山。西有銅官山。又新安江自淳安縣流入，經城南，東陽江自西南來合焉。又東北有胥溪，來入江，謂之胥口，亦曰建德江。東有管界巡檢司。

Jiande was the attached seat county. To the north is Black Dragon Mountain. To the west is Bronze Official Mountain. The Xin'an River also flows in from Chun'an County and passes south of the city, while the Dongyang River comes from the southwest to join it. To the northeast is also Xu Creek, which enters the river at what is called Xukou, also known as the Jiande River. To the east is the Guanjie patrol inspectorate.

196

桐廬府東北。西有富春山，一名嚴陵山。桐江在南，即浙江也，亦曰睦江。自建德縣流入，經富春山之釣臺下，曰七里瀨，又東經桐君山下，曰桐江。有桐溪自縣東北流入焉，謂之桐江口，其上源即分水縣之天目溪也。有桐江巡檢司，後遷桐君山，又遷窄溪埠。

Tonglu lies northeast of the prefectural seat. To the west is Fuchun Mountain, also called Yanling Mountain. The Tong River lies to the south—that is, the Zhe River—and is also called the Mu River. It flows in from Jiande County, passes below the Fishing Terrace on Fuchun Mountain at what is called the Seven-li Rapids, and farther east passes below Tongjun Mountain as the Tong River. Tong Creek flows in from the northeast of the county at what is called Tong River mouth; its upper source is the Tianmu Creek of Fenshui County. There was the Tong River patrol inspectorate, later moved to Tongjun Mountain and then to Zhaixi Port.

197

淳安府西。南有云濛山。西有都督山，又有威平洞，亦曰青溪洞，又名幫源洞。南有新安江，自南直歙縣流入，亦曰青溪。西有街口、又有永平、南有港口三巡檢司，後廢。東有錦溪關，嘉靖中置。

Chun'an lies west of the prefectural seat. To the south is Yunmeng Mountain. To the west is Dudu Mountain, and there is also Weiping Cave, also called Qingxi Cave and also known as Bangyuan Cave. To the south is the Xin'an River, which flows in directly from the south out of She County and is also called the Qing Creek. To the west were the Jiekou and Yongping patrol inspectorates and to the south the Gangkou patrol inspectorate—three in all—later abolished. To the east is Jinxi Pass, established in the Jiajing reign.

198

遂安府西少南。西有武強溪，有雙溪流合焉，曰三渡口，經城南，東北注於淳安之青溪。南有鳳林巡檢司，後廢。

Sui'an lies west and slightly south of the prefectural seat. To the west is Wuqiang Creek; Shuang Creek flows in to join it at what is called Sandukou, passes south of the city, and flows northeast into the Qing Creek of Chun'an. To the south was the Fenglin patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

199

壽昌府西南。東南有巖峒山。西有壽昌溪，東北流至建德縣，入新安江。南有常樂溪，東南流至蘭溪縣，入東陽江。西有社田、西南有上梅二巡檢司。

Shouchang lies southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Yandong Mountain. To the west is Shouchang Creek, which flows northeast to Jiande County and enters the Xin'an River. To the south is Changle Creek, which flows southeast to Lanxi County and enters the Dongyang River. To the west is the Shetian patrol inspectorate and to the southwest the Shangmei patrol inspectorate.

200

分水府東北。東有天目溪，上源即於潛縣之紫溪及昌化縣柳溪也，下流爲桐廬縣之桐溪。又東南有前溪，自淳安縣流入，東流於天目溪。東有吳村巡檢司，後廢。

Fenshui lies northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is Tianmu Creek, whose upper source is the Zi Creek of Yuqian County and the Willow Creek of Changhua County and whose lower course is the Tong Creek of Tonglu County. Farther southeast is Qian Creek, which flows in from Chun'an County and east into Tianmu Creek. To the east was the Wucun patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

201

嘉興府元嘉興路，屬江浙行省。太祖丙午年十一月爲府，直隸京師。十四年十一月改隸浙江。領縣七。西南距布政司百七十五里。

Jiaxing Prefecture was the Yuan Jiaxing Route, subordinate to the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat. In the eleventh month of the Taizu bingwu year it became a prefecture directly subordinate to the capital. In the eleventh month of year 14 it was placed under Zhejiang. It administered seven counties. It lay one hundred seventy-five li southwest of the Provincial Administration Commission.

202

嘉興倚。南有南湖，亦曰鴛鴦湖，流合運河。又有長水塘，西南接海寧，東北接海鹽縣界。又東有雙溪，東出爲華亭塘，南直松江府之漕舟，由此入運河。

Jiaxing was the attached seat county. To the south is South Lake, also called Mandarin Duck Lake, which flows into the Grand Canal. There is also Changshui Pond, which on the southwest borders Haining and on the northeast the border of Haiyan County. Farther east is Shuang Creek, which flows out east as the Huating Canal; grain barges from Songjiang Prefecture in Nanzhili enter the Grand Canal by this route.

203

秀水倚。宣德五年三月析嘉興縣地置。西有運河，北經聞家湖，達南直吳江縣之運河。東北有杉青閘、又有王江涇二巡檢司。

Xiushui adjoined the prefectural seat. It was established in the third month of Xuande 5 by partitioning territory from Jiaxing County. To the west is the Grand Canal, which north passes Wenjia Lake and reaches the canal in Wujiang County of Nanzhili. To the northeast are the Shanqing Sluice and Wangjiangjing patrol inspectorates.

204

嘉善府東。本嘉興縣魏塘鎮巡檢司，宣德五年三月改爲縣。南有華亭塘河，東有魏塘河，東北有清風涇，皆流合焉。西北有分湖，與南直吳江縣分界。又北有章練塘水，亦流合華亭塘河，達華亭縣之泖湖。東北有風涇、西北有陶莊二巡檢司，廢。

Jiashan lies east of the prefectural seat. It was originally the Weitang Market patrol inspectorate of Jiaxing County; in the third month of Xuande 5 it was made a county. To the south is the Huating Canal river; to the east is the Weitang River; to the northeast is Qingfeng Stream—and all flow together. To the northwest is Fenhu Lake, on the border with Wujiang County of Nanzhili. Farther north is Zhanglian Pond water, which also flows into the Huating Canal river and reaches Mao Lake in Huating County. To the northeast was Fengjing and to the northwest Taozhuang patrol inspectorate—both abolished.

205

崇德府西南。元崇德州。洪武二年降爲縣。西北有運河，自德清縣流入。東南有語溪，一名語兒中涇，又名沙渚塘。又東北有石門塘水，東南接運河，北達歸安之烏鎮。

Chongde lies southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Chongde zhou. In Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. To the northwest is the Grand Canal, which flows in from Deqing County. To the southeast is Yu Creek, also called Yu'er Zhongjing and also known as Shazhu Pond. Farther northeast is Shimen Pond water, which on the southeast connects to the Grand Canal and on the north reaches Wuzhen in Gui'an.

206

桐鄉府西少南。宣德五年三月以崇德縣之鳳鳴鄉置。北有運河，與崇德縣接界。又有爛溪，北達吳江縣之鶯脰湖，西達湖州府潯溪。北有皁林鎮巡檢司。

Tongxiang lies west and slightly south of the prefectural seat. It was established in the third month of Xuande 5 from the Fengming Township of Chongde County. To the north is the Grand Canal, on the border with Chongde County. There is also Lan Creek, which north reaches Yingdou Lake in Wujiang County and west reaches the Xun Creek of Huzhou Prefecture. To the north is the Zaolin Market patrol inspectorate.

207

平湖府東。宣德五年三月以海鹽縣之當塗鎮置。東南有故邑山。南有雅山，俗曰瓦山。又當湖在縣治東，下流出海鹽澉浦口入海。其西爲市西河，自嘉興縣流入，入於當湖。其分流南出者，則由縣東南乍浦入海；北出者，則由縣東北蘆瀝浦入海。浦傍有蘆瀝鹽場。又北有東泖，即華亭三泖之上流。東有白沙灣巡檢司，治廣陳墅，後遷縣東南獨山。又東南有乍浦鎮巡檢司，後遷樑莊，仍故名。

Pinghu lies east of the prefectural seat. It was established in the third month of Xuande 5 from the Dangtu Market of Haiyan County. To the southeast is Guyi Mountain. To the south is Ya Mountain, popularly called Tile Mountain. Dang Lake also lies east of the county seat; its lower course leaves through Haiyan's Ganpu mouth to enter the sea. To its west is the Shixi River, which flows in from Jiaxing County and enters Dang Lake. Of its branches flowing out to the south, one leaves by Zhapu southeast of the county to enter the sea; that flowing out to the north leaves by Luli Pu northeast of the county to enter the sea. Beside the pu is the Luli salt field. Farther north is East Mao, the upper reaches of the three maos of Huating. To the east is the Baishawan patrol inspectorate, administered at Guangchen Villa and later moved to Dushan southeast of the county. Farther southeast is the Zhapu Market patrol inspectorate, later moved to Liangzhuang, keeping the original name.

208

海鹽府東南。元海鹽州。洪武二年降爲縣。南有秦駐山，又有長牆山。西南有鳳凰山。東北有湯山，又有獨山，舊置鹽場於此。東臨海，有防海塘，洪武初，以石爲之，南北計四千八百丈。又有東、西、南三海口，而西海口在縣東北，尤衝要。東北有呂港，港口有鹽場。西南有鮑郎市，有鹽課司。東北有守禦乍浦千戶所，東南有澉浦守禦千戶所，俱洪武十九年十月置。城東有海口巡檢司，後徙砂腰村，南有澉浦巡檢司，後遷秦駐山，俱仍故名。

Haiyan lies southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Haiyan zhou. In Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. To the south is Qinzhu Mountain and also Changqiang Mountain. To the southwest is Fenghuang Mountain. To the northeast is Tang Mountain and also Dushan, where salt fields were formerly established. It borders the sea on the east; there is a coastal defense embankment built of stone in early Hongwu, measuring four thousand eight hundred zhang from north to south. There are also three sea mouths—east, west, and south—and the west mouth northeast of the county is especially strategic. To the northeast is Lü Harbor; at the harbor mouth is a salt field. To the southwest is Baolang Market, where there is a salt tax office. To the northeast is the Zhapu garrison-defense thousand-household post and to the southeast the Ganpu garrison-defense thousand-household post—both established in the tenth month of Hongwu 19. East of the city was the Haikou patrol inspectorate, later moved to Shayao Village; to the south was the Ganpu patrol inspectorate, later moved to Qinzhu Mountain—both keeping the original name.

209

湖州府元湖州路，屬江浙行省。太祖丙午年十一月爲府，直隸京師。十四年十一月改隸浙江。領州一，縣六。南距布政司百九十里。

Huzhou Prefecture was the Yuan Huzhou Route, subordinate to the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat. In the eleventh month of the Taizu bingwu year it became a prefecture directly subordinate to the capital. In the eleventh month of year 14 it was placed under Zhejiang. It administered one zhou and six counties. It lay one hundred ninety li south of the Provincial Administration Commission.

210

烏程倚。北有卞山，亦曰弁山。西南有石城山。南有峴山，本名顯山。西南有銅山，一名銅峴山。北有太湖，接南直蘇、常二府界。東北有大錢湖、小梅湖二口，府境羣水皆於此入太湖。又西有苕溪，源自孝豐天目之陰，流經毘山下，出大錢湖口。又南有餘不溪，即杭州境內之苕溪，自德清縣流經府南，匯爲玉湖，復東北出而匯於苕水，亦曰霅溪。東有後潘村巡檢司，後遷南潯鎮，仍故名。東北有大錢湖口巡檢司。

Wucheng was the attached seat county. To the north is Mount Bian, also known by an alternate homophone in the place name. To the southwest is Shicheng Mountain. To the south is Mount Xian, originally called Mount of Manifest Brilliance. To the southwest is Mount Tong, also called Mount Tongxian. To the north is Lake Tai, bordering Suzhou and Changzhou prefectures in Nanzhili. To the northeast are the mouths of Daqian Lake and Xiaomei Lake; all the waters within the prefecture enter Lake Tai here. Farther west is the Tiao River, rising on the northern slopes of Mount Tianmu in Xiaofeng, passing below Mount Bi, and issuing at the mouth of Daqian Lake. Farther south is the Yubu Stream—the Tiao River within Hangzhou territory—which flows from Deqing County past the south of the prefecture, gathers into Jade Lake, then issues northeast to join the Tiao, also called the Zha Stream. To the east was the Houpan Village patrol inspectorate, later moved to Nanxun town but retaining its former name. To the northeast is the Daqian Lake Mouth patrol inspectorate.

211

歸安倚。南有金蓋山，亦名何山。又有衡山。東有升山，亦曰烏山，一名歐餘山。又運河在城東，源自苕溪、餘不溪二水，分流爲運河，東北經南潯鎮，入吳江縣界，合嘉興之運河。又南有荻塘，亦曰荻港，東北接運河。其枝流東南出烏鎮，合桐鄉之爛溪。又東有潯溪，即餘不溪支流也，流經南潯。東南有璉市巡檢司。又西南有上沃埠巡檢司，後廢。

Gui'an was the attached seat county. To the south is Mount Jingai, also called Mount He. There is also Mount Heng. To the east is Mount Sheng, also called Mount Wu and Mount Ouyu. The Grand Canal east of the city draws on the Tiao River and Yubu Stream; its divided current runs northeast past Nanxun town into Wujiang County and joins the Grand Canal of Jiaxing. Farther south is the Dijiang, also called Dijiang Harbor, which connects northeast to the Grand Canal. A branch flows southeast from Wuzhen and joins the Lan Stream of Tongxiang. Farther east is the Xun Stream, a branch of the Yubu Stream, which passes through Nanxun. To the southeast is the Lian Market patrol inspectorate. Farther southwest was the Shangwobu patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

212

長興府西北。元長興州。太祖丁酉年三月改名長官州，壬寅年復曰長興。洪武二年降爲縣。西北有顧渚山，產茶，一名西顧山，一名吳望山。東北有太湖，與南直宜興縣分中流爲界。西有箬溪，下流入太湖。西南有荊溪，東南入於苕溪。東北有皋塘、西南有四安二巡檢司。又西有合溪、南有和平二巡檢司，廢。

Changxing lay to the northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Changxing Zhou. In the third month of Taizu's ding-you year it was renamed Changguan Zhou; in the ren-yin year it was restored to Changxing. In Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. To the northwest is Mount Guzhu, famed for tea, also called Mount West Gu and Mount Wuwang. To the northeast is Lake Tai, whose midstream forms the boundary with Yixing County in Nanzhili. To the west is the Ruo Stream, which flows down into Lake Tai. To the southwest is the Jing Stream, which flows southeast into the Tiao River. To the northeast is the Gaotang patrol inspectorate and to the southwest the Si'an patrol inspectorate. Farther west were the Hexi and Heping patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

213

德清府南少東。東北有敢三山。東南有運河，有餘不溪，亦曰霅溪，即苕溪別名。東北有新市鎮巡檢司。又東有下塘巡檢司，後遷五柳港口。又東有荷葉浦巡檢司，廢。

Deqing lay slightly southeast of the prefectural seat. To the northeast is Gansan Mountain. To the southeast are the Grand Canal and the Yubu Stream—also called the Zha Stream, an alias of the Tiao River. To the northeast is the Xinshi town patrol inspectorate. Farther east was the Xiatang patrol inspectorate, later moved to Wuliu Harbor mouth. Farther east was the Heyepu patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

214

武康府西南。東有封山，一名防風山。又有禺山。西南有覆舟山。南有前溪，東北有後溪流入焉，下流入德清餘不溪。

Wukang lay to the southwest of the prefectural seat. To the east is Mount Feng, also called Mount Fangfeng. There is also Mount Yu. To the southwest is Fuzhou Mountain. To the south is the Front Stream; the Rear Stream flows in from the northeast, and below they enter the Yubu Stream of Deqing.

215

安吉州元安吉縣。正德元年十一月升爲州。西南有故城。洪武徙於今治。東南有白陽山，舊產錫。西有苕溪。又有龍溪，即苕溪支流。東南有獨鬆關巡檢司，又有遞鋪巡檢司，廢。東北距府二十里。領縣一：

Anji Zhou was Anji County under the Yuan. In the eleventh month of Zhengde 1 it was promoted to a zhou. To the southwest is the old city. In Hongwu the seat was moved to the present site. To the southeast is Mount Baiyang, which formerly produced tin. To the west is the Tiao River. There is also the Long Stream, a branch of the Tiao River. To the southeast is the Dusong Pass patrol inspectorate; there was also a Relay Station patrol inspectorate, later abolished. It lay twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. It governed one county:

216

孝豐州西南。成化二十三年析安吉縣地置，屬府。正德二年改屬州。南有天目山，有天目山巡檢司。又西南爲金石山，即天目最高處。又南有苕溪，出天目山，此爲苕溪之別源。又西有鬆坑巡檢司。

Xiaofeng Zhou lay to the southwest. In Chenghua 23 territory was taken from Anji County to establish it, subordinate to the prefecture. In Zhengde 2 it was placed under the zhou. To the south is Mount Tianmu, with a Tianmu Mountain patrol inspectorate. Farther southwest is Mount Jinshi, the highest point of Mount Tianmu. Farther south is the Tiao River, rising on Mount Tianmu—a separate source of the Tiao. Farther west is the Songkeng patrol inspectorate.

217

紹興府元紹興路，屬浙東道宣慰司。太祖丙午年十二月爲府。領縣八。西北距布政司百三十八里。

Shaoxing Prefecture was Shaoxing Route under the Yuan, subordinate to the Zhedong Circuit Pacification Commission. In the twelfth month of Taizu's bing-wu year it was made a prefecture. It governed eight counties. It lay one hundred thirty-eight li northwest of the Provincial Administration Commission.

218

山陰倚。南有會稽山，其支山爲雲門山，又有法華山。西南爲蘭亭山。西北有塗山。北濱海，有三江口。三江者，一曰浙江；一曰錢清江，即浦陽江下流，其上源自浦江縣流入，至縣西錢清鎮，曰錢清江；一曰曹娥江，即剡溪下流，其上源自嵊縣流入，東折而北，經府東曹娥廟，爲曹娥江，又西折而北，會錢清江、浙江而入海。又西有運河，自蕭山縣流入，又東南逕會稽縣，又東入上虞縣界。又南有鑑湖，長十四五里，俗曰白塔洋，有若耶溪合焉。又北有白水湖，旁通運河。北有三江守禦千戶所，在浮山之陽，洪武二十年二月置。又有三江巡檢司，在浮山桃鬆莊。又西北有白洋巡檢司。

Shanyin was the attached seat county. To the south is Mount Kuaiji; its offshoots include Mount Yunmen, and there is also Mount Fahua. To the southwest is Mount Lanting. To the northwest is Mount Tu. On the north it faces the sea, at Sanjiang Mouth. The three rivers are, first, the Zhe River; second, the Qianqing River—the lower course of the Puyang River—whose upper stream enters from Pujiang County and, at Qianqing town west of the county, is called the Qianqing River; third, the Cao'e River—the lower course of the Shan Stream—whose upper stream enters from Sheng County, bends east and north past the Cao'e Temple east of the prefecture, becomes the Cao'e River, then bends west and north to join the Qianqing and Zhe rivers and enter the sea. Farther west is the Grand Canal, which enters from Xiaoshan County, runs southeast through Kuaiji County, and then east into Shangyu County. Farther south is Mirror Lake, fourteen or fifteen li long, popularly called Baita Yang, into which the Ruoye Stream flows. Farther north is Baishui Lake, connected to the Grand Canal. To the north is the Sanjiang garrison-defense thousand-household post, on the south slope of Mount Fu, established in the second month of Hongwu 20. There is also the Sanjiang patrol inspectorate at Taosong village on Mount Fu. Farther northwest is the Baiyang patrol inspectorate.

219

會稽倚。東南爲會稽山，其東接宛委、秦望、天柱諸山。又東有銀山、錫山，舊產銀砂及錫。東南有若耶山。東有曹娥江。東南有平水溪，南合剡溪。東北有瀝海守禦千戶所，洪武二十年二月置。又有黃家堰巡檢司，尋遷瀝海所西，後遷上虞縣界纂風鎮，仍故名。

Kuaiji was the attached seat county. To the southeast is Mount Kuaiji, whose eastern flank joins Mount Wanyi, Mount Qinwang, Mount Tianzhu, and other peaks. Farther east are Mount Yin and Mount Xi, which formerly produced silver sand and tin. To the southeast is Mount Ruoye. To the east is the Cao'e River. To the southeast is the Pingshui Stream, which joins the Shan Stream from the south. To the northeast is the Lihai garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the second month of Hongwu 20. There was also the Huangjiayan patrol inspectorate, soon moved west of the Lihai post and later to Zuanfeng town on the Shangyu County border, retaining its former name.

220

蕭山府西北。西南有虎爪山，東南有龕山，俱下臨浙江。龕山傍有小山曰鱉子山，浙江自縣西東北流，出其中，東接大海，亦曰海門。東南有峽山，錢清江經其中，復北折而東，入山陰縣界。城西有運河，東接錢清江。又有湘湖。西南有漁浦巡檢司。又西有西興，亦曰西陵，往錢塘者由此渡江。

Xiaoshan lay to the northwest of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is Mount Huzhua and to the southeast Mount Kan; both overlook the Zhe River. Beside Mount Kan is a lesser hill called Mount Biezi; the Zhe River flows northeast from west of the county between them to the open sea, also called the Sea Gate. To the southeast is Mount Xia, through which the Qianqing River passes before bending north and east into Shanyin County. West of the city is the Grand Canal, which eastward joins the Qianqing River. There is also Xiang Lake. To the southwest is the Yupu patrol inspectorate. Farther west is Xixing, also called Xiling, where travelers to Qiantang crossed the river.

221

諸暨府西南。元諸暨州。大祖己亥年正月改諸全州。丙午年十二月降爲諸暨縣。西南有新城，在五指山下，太祖癸卯年，李文忠所築。西有長山，又有五泄山。南有句乘山。又有浣江，即浦陽江，亦曰青弋江。又西南有長清關、西有陽塘關二巡檢司，廢。

Zhuji lay to the southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Zhuji Zhou. In the first month of Taizu's ji-hai year it was renamed Zhuquan Zhou. In the twelfth month of the bing-wu year it was reduced to Zhuji County. To the southwest is a new city below Mount Wuzhi, built by Li Wenzhong in Taizu's gui-mao year. To the west are Mount Chang and Mount Wuxie. To the south is Mount Goucheng. There is also the Huan River—the Puyang River, also called the Qingyi River. Farther southwest were the Changqing Pass and Yangtang Pass patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

222

餘姚府東北。元餘姚州。洪武初，降爲縣。南有新城，與縣城隔江對峙，姚江經其中。南有四明山，北瀕海。姚江源自縣西南太平山，一名舜江，西北流至上虞縣，乃東北出，經縣南。又東爲慈溪之前江。東北有燭溪湖，引流爲東橫河。西有牟山湖，引流爲西橫河，俱注於姚江。又西北有臨山衛，洪武二十年二月置。東北有三山守禦千戶所，一名滸山，亦洪武二十年二月置。又東北有三山巡檢司，治金家山上，尋遷破山。北有眉山巡檢司，治眉山寨，尋遷縣西北湖海頭。又有廟山巡檢司，治廟山寨，尋遷上虞縣界中源堰，仍故名。

Yuyao County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Yuyao zhou. At the beginning of the Hongwu reign it was reduced to a county. To the south is a new city facing the county seat across the river, with the Yao River running between them. To the south is Siming Mountain; to the north it borders the sea. The Yao River rises at Taiping Mountain in the southwest of the county—also called the Shun River—flows northwest to Shangyu County, then turns northeast and passes south of the county. Farther east it becomes Cixi's Front River. To the northeast is Zhuxi Lake, whose outflow forms the East Cross River. To the west is Mou Lake, whose outflow forms the West Cross River; both enter the Yao. To the northwest is Linshan Guard, established in the second month of Hongwu 20. To the northeast is the Sanshan garrison-defense thousand-household post—also called Hushan—likewise established in the second month of Hongwu 20. Farther northeast is the Sanshan patrol inspectorate, first at Jinjia Mountain and soon moved to Poshan. To the north is the Meishan patrol inspectorate, first at Meishan stockade and soon moved to Huhaitou northwest of the county. There was also the Miaoshan patrol inspectorate, first at Miaoshan stockade and soon moved to Zhongyuan weir on the Shangyu border, retaining its old name.

223

上虞府東。西北有夏蓋山，北枕海，南臨夏蓋湖。西南有東山。東有覆卮山，接嵊縣界。又東有通明江，即姚江上流。又有運河，在縣治前。又西北有白馬湖，北接夏蓋湖，其相連者有上妃湖，亦曰上陂湖，引流爲五夫湖，東北達於餘姚之西橫河。又西有樑湖巡檢司，本治樑湖，尋遷百官市，仍故名。

Shangyu County lay east of the prefectural seat. To the northwest is Xiagai Mountain, with the sea to the north and Xiagai Lake to the south. To the southwest is East Mountain. To the east is Fuzhi Mountain, on the border with Sheng County. Farther east is the Tongming River—the upper course of the Yao. There is also the Grand Canal before the county seat. To the northwest is White Horse Lake, which connects north to Xiagai Lake; linked to it is Shangfei Lake—also called Shangpo Lake—whose outflow forms Wufu Lake, reaching Yuyao's West Cross River to the northeast. To the west is the Lianghu patrol inspectorate, originally at Lianghu and soon moved to Baiguan market, retaining its old name.

224

嵊府東南。東有丹池山。東北有嵊山。北有雩山，又有清風嶺。西有太白山。南有剡溪，源出天台諸山，下流爲曹娥江。西有長樂鎮、西北有管解寨二巡檢司，廢。

Sheng County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is Danchi Mountain. To the northeast is Sheng Mountain. To the north is Mount Yu; there is also Qingfeng Ridge. To the west is Taibai Mountain. To the south is Shan Creek, which rises in the mountains around Tiantai and below becomes the Cao'e River. To the west were the Changle town and Guanjie stockade patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

225

新昌府東南。東有沃州山。東南有天姥山。又東有東溪，源出天台山，西北流入嵊縣界。南有彩霞鎮、又有豐樂、又有善政三巡檢司，後廢。

Xinchang County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is Wozhou Mountain. To the southeast is Tianmu Mountain. Farther east is East Creek, which rises on Tiantai Mountain and flows northwest into Sheng County. To the south were the Caixia, Fengle, and Shanzheng patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

226

寧波府元慶元路，屬浙東道宣慰司。太祖吳元年十二月爲明州府。洪武十四年二月改寧波。領縣五。西北距布政司三百六十里。

Ningbo Prefecture was Qingyuan Route under the Yuan, subordinate to the Zhedong Circuit Pacification Commission. In the twelfth month of the Taizu Wu year it became Mingzhou Prefecture. In the second month of Hongwu 14 it was renamed Ningbo. It administered five counties. It lay three hundred sixty li northwest of the Provincial Administration Commission.

227

鄞倚。東有鄮山。西南有四明山，周八百餘里。東有灌頂山，舊產鐵。東南有阿育王山，有太白、天童諸山。東北濱海。有鄞江，一名甬江。東南有奉化江，西北有慈溪，皆流合焉。西南有小江湖，又西有廣德湖，東有東錢湖，皆引流入鄞江。北有龍山守禦千戶所，洪武十九年十一月置。東有甬東巡檢司，治甬東隅，後遷定海縣東南竹山海口，仍故名。又有岱山、又有螺峯二巡檢司，後廢。

Yin was the attached seat county. To the east is Mao Mountain. To the southwest is Siming Mountain, more than eight hundred li in circumference. To the east is Guanding Mountain, which formerly produced iron. To the southeast is Ayuwang Mountain, with Taibai, Tiantong, and other peaks. To the northeast it borders the sea. It has the Yin River—also called the Yong River. The Fenghua River lies to the southeast and Cixi to the northwest; all flow together into it. To the southwest is Xiaojiang Lake; to the west Guangde Lake and to the east Dongqian Lake—all drain into the Yin. To the north is the Longshan garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the eleventh month of Hongwu 19. To the east is the Yongdong patrol inspectorate, first at Yongdong Point and later moved to Zhushan estuary southeast of Dinghai County, retaining its old name. There were also the Daishan and Luofeng patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

228

慈谿府西北。元曰慈谿。永樂十六年改「谿。」爲「溪」。西南有車廄山。東北濱海。南有慈溪，一曰前江，即姚江下流也，藍溪、文溪諸水皆流合焉。西北有鳴鶴鹽課司。又觀海衛亦在西北，洪武十九年一月置。又有松浦巡檢司，治浦東，尋遷浦西。又有向頭巡檢司，治向頭寨，尋遷洋浦，廢，後復。

Cixi County lay northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was called Cixi. In Yongle 16 the place-name character was changed from the older creek form to the usual creek character used in the county name. To the southwest is Chejiu Mountain. To the northeast it borders the sea. To the south is Cixi Creek—also called the Front River, the lower course of the Yao—into which the Lan, Wen, and other streams all flow. To the northwest is the Minghe Salt Duty Office. Guanhai Guard also lies to the northwest, established in the first month of Hongwu 19. There is also the Songpu patrol inspectorate, first at Pudong and soon moved to Puxi. There was also the Xiangtou patrol inspectorate, first at Xiangtou stockade and soon moved to Yangpu; it was abolished and later restored.

229

奉化府南。元奉化州。洪武二年降爲縣。南有蓬島山，又有天門山。西北有雪竇山。北有奉化江，亦曰北渡江，又謂之剡溪。東有市河，東北有趙河，皆南流入焉。東有塔山、東南有鮚琦二巡檢司。又有公棠、連山、柵虛、東宿四巡檢司，廢。

Fenghua County lay south of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Fenghua zhou. In Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. To the south are Pengdao Mountain and Tianmen Mountain. To the northwest is Xuedou Mountain. To the north is the Fenghua River—also called the North Crossing River and the Shan Creek. The Shih River lies to the east and the Zhao River to the northeast; both flow south into it. To the east are the Tashan and Jieqi patrol inspectorates. There were also the Gongtang, Lianshan, Zha Hu, and Dongsou patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

230

定海府東北。東有候濤山，一名招寶山，上有威遠城，山麓有靖海城，俱嘉靖三十九年置。東北皆濱海。海中有舟山，有金塘山，有蛟門山，又有普陀落伽山，有大謝、小謝山。南有大浹江，其上流即鄞江，分流爲小浹江，併入海。南有清泉等鹽場。又東北有定海衛，本定海守禦千戶所，洪武十四年四月置，二十年二月升爲衛。東南有穿山後千戶所，洪武二十七年九月置。又有霩衢守禦千戶所，大嵩守禦千戶所，俱洪武十九年十一月置。又有舟山中中千戶所，舟山中左千戶所，本元昌國州，洪武二年降爲縣，二十年六月，縣廢。改置。南有上岸太平嶴、西有管界寨二巡檢司。又西北有施公山、南有長山二巡檢司，後廢。又南有霞嶼巡檢司，本名崎頭，正統間更名，後廢。又舟山東南有寶陀、西北有岑港，又舟山東有岱山、西南有螺峯四巡檢司，後廢。

Dinghai County lay northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is Haotao Mountain—also called Zhaobao Mountain—with Weiyuan city on the summit and Jinghai city at its foot, both established in Jiajing 39. To the northeast it entirely borders the sea. In the sea lie Zhoushan, Jintang Mountain, Jiaomen Mountain, Putuo Luojia Mountain, and Great and Little Xie mountains. To the south is the Great Xia River—the upper course being the Yin—which splits into the Little Xia River before both enter the sea. To the south are the Qingquan and other salt fields. Farther northeast is Dinghai Guard, originally the Dinghai garrison-defense thousand-household post established in the fourth month of Hongwu 14 and promoted to a guard in the second month of Hongwu 20. To the southeast is the Chuanshan Rear thousand-household post, established in the ninth month of Hongwu 27. There are also the Huoqu and Dasong garrison-defense thousand-household posts, both established in the eleventh month of Hongwu 19. There are also the Zhoushan Central-Center and Central-Left thousand-household posts; the area was Yuan Changguo zhou, reduced to a county in Hongwu 2, and in the sixth month of Hongwu 20 the county was abolished. The offices were then re-established in its place. To the south are the Shang'an Taiping Ao and Guanjie stockade patrol inspectorates. Farther northwest were the Shigong Mountain and Changshan patrol inspectorates, later abolished. Farther south was the Xiayu patrol inspectorate, originally called Qitou, renamed in the Zhengtong reign, and later abolished. On Zhoushan were also the Baotuo and Cengang patrol inspectorates to the southeast and northwest, and the Daishan and Luofeng patrol inspectorates to the east and southwest—all later abolished.

231

象山府東南。南有石壇山，亦曰壇頭山。東南北三面皆濱海。其南有三萼山，一名三仙島，俱在海中。南有玉泉鹽場。又西南有昌國衛，本昌國守禦千戶所，洪武十二年十月置於舟山，十七年九月改爲衛。二十年來徙縣南天門山，二十七年遷縣西南後門山。又山西南有石浦守御前、後二千戶所，俱洪武二十年置。西北有錢倉守禦千戶所，洪武十九年十一月置。西有爵溪守禦千戶所，洪武三十年十二月置。北有陳山巡檢司，治陳山，尋遷縣東南。西有爵溪巡檢司，遷治姜嶼渡。南有石浦巡檢司，遷治青山頭。又東有趙嶴巡檢司，自寧海縣遷此。俱仍故名。

Xiangshan County lay southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south is Shitan Mountain—also called Tantou Mountain. On the east, south, and north it borders the sea. South of it are Three Calyx Mountain—also called Three Immortals Isle—all in the sea. To the south is the Yuquan salt field. Farther southwest is Changguo Guard, originally the Changguo garrison-defense thousand-household post established at Zhoushan in the tenth month of Hongwu 12 and made a guard in the ninth month of Hongwu 17. In Hongwu 20 it was moved to Tianmen Mountain south of the county, and in Hongwu 27 to Houmen Mountain southwest of the county. Farther southwest on the mountain are the Shipu garrison-defense Front and Rear thousand-household posts, both established in Hongwu 20. To the northwest is the Qiancang garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the eleventh month of Hongwu 19. To the west is the Juexi garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the twelfth month of Hongwu 30. To the north is the Chenshan patrol inspectorate, first at Chenshan and soon moved to the southeast of the county. To the west is the Juexi patrol inspectorate, whose seat was moved to Jiangyu ferry. To the south is the Shipu patrol inspectorate, whose seat was moved to Qingshan Head. Farther east is the Zhao Ao patrol inspectorate, moved here from Ninghai County. All retained their original names.

232

台州府元台州路，屬浙東道宣慰司。洪武初，爲府。領縣六。西北距布政司四百四十里。

Taizhou Prefecture was the Yuan Taizhou Route, subordinate to the Zhedong Circuit Pacification Commission. In early Hongwu it became a prefecture. It administered six counties. It lay four hundred forty li northwest of the Provincial Administration Commission.

233

臨海倚。西南有括蒼山，一名真隱山。又東南有海門山，有金鰲山，皆濱海。南有澄江，一名靈江，流合天台、仙居諸山之水，至黃岩縣入海。又大海在東，中有芙蓉山、高麗頭山。又有杜瀆鹽場。又海門衛亦在縣江，洪武二十年二月置。其北爲前千戶所，洪武二十八年置。東北有桃渚前千戶所，洪武二十年九月置。東有蛟湖巡檢司，遷治海口陶嶼。又有連盤巡檢司，遷治海口長沙。俱仍故名。

Linhai was the attached seat county. To the southwest is Kuocang Mountain, also called Zhenyin Mountain. Farther southeast are Haimen Mountain and Jin'ao Mountain, all along the coast. To the south is the Cheng River, also called the Ling River, which gathers the waters of Tiantai, Xianju, and other mountains and reaches the sea at Huangyan County. The open sea lies to the east, with Furong Mountain and Gaoli Head Mountain within it. There was also the Dudu salt works. Haimen Guard was also stationed on the county river, established in the second month of Hongwu 20. To its north was the Front thousand-household post, established in Hongwu 28. To the northeast is the Taozhu Front thousand-household post, established in the ninth month of Hongwu 20. To the east is the Jiaohu patrol inspectorate, whose seat was moved to Tao Islet at the seaport. There is also the Lianpan patrol inspectorate, whose seat was moved to Changsha at the seaport. Both retained their original names.

234

黃岩府東南。元黃岩州。洪武三年三月降爲縣。南有委羽山。東有大海。西北有永寧江，即澄江下流。東南有鹽場，又有長浦巡檢司。

Huangyan County lies southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Huangyan zhou. In the third month of Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. To the south is Weiyu Mountain. To the east is the open sea. To the northwest is the Yongning River, the lower course of the Cheng River. To the southeast are salt works and the Changpu patrol inspectorate.

235

天台府西南。西有天台山。北有赤城山，又有石橋山，皆天台支阜也，其絕頂曰華頂峯。又西南有始豐溪，即澄江上源。又東有楢溪，產鐵。其東爲甬溪。又西有胡竇巡檢司，廢。

Tiantai County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west is Mount Tiantai. To the north are Chicheng Mountain and Shiqiao Mountain, foothills of Mount Tiantai; their highest point is Huading Peak. Farther southwest is Shifeng Stream, the upper source of the Cheng River. Farther east is You Stream, which produced iron. East of it is Yong Stream. To the west was the Hudou patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

236

仙居府西南。西北有蒼嶺，即括蒼山。又有永安溪，下流亦會於澄江。又西南有曹溪，東有彭溪，俱流合於永安溪。西有田寺巡檢司，後廢。

Xianju County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest is Cang Ridge—that is, Kuocang Mountain. There is also Yong'an Stream, whose lower course likewise joins the Cheng River. Farther southwest is Cao Stream; to the east is Peng Stream; both flow into Yong'an Stream. To the west was the Tiansi patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

237

寧海府東北。北有天門山。西北有龍鬚山，舊產銅鐵。東濱海。東北有鄞江，與象山縣界。南有海遊溪，有寧和溪，又有東溪，東有鐵砂，冶之成鐵，俱導流入海。又有梅嶴鎮，舊有鐵場。又南有健跳千戶所，洪武二十年九月置。東有越溪、又有長亭、北有鐵場、南有曼嶴、東南有竇嶴五巡檢司。

Ninghai County lies northeast of the prefectural seat. To the north is Tianmen Mountain. To the northwest is Longxu Mountain, which formerly produced copper and iron. To the east it borders the sea. To the northeast is the Yin River, which forms the boundary with Xiangshan County. To the south are Haiyou Stream, Ninghe Stream, and East Stream; iron sand to the east was smelted into iron; all are channeled to the sea. There is also Meiyu Town, which formerly had iron works. Farther south is the Jiantiao thousand-household post, established in the ninth month of Hongwu 20. To the east are the Yue Stream, Changting, Iron Works to the north, Manyu to the south, and Douyu to the southeast—five patrol inspectorates in all.

238

太平府東南。成化五年十二月以黃岩縣之太平鄉置，析樂清地益之。南有大雷山。西北有王城山。西南有靈山，與玉環山接。東南濱海，曰大閭洋，中有鬆門、石塘、大陳等山。又東有遷江，一名新建河，至縣北曰官塘河，北抵黃岩縣，東入海。東有鬆門衛，本鬆門千戶所，洪武十九年十二月置，二十年六月升爲衛。東北有新河千戶所，洪武十九年十二月置。南有隘頑千戶所，西南有楚門千戶所，俱洪武二十年二月置。又東有盤馬、西有二山、又有蒲岐三巡檢司。南有沙角巡檢司，本治岐頭山下，後遷今治。西南有小鹿巡檢司，遷治楚門所之橫山後。西有溫嶺巡檢司，廢。

Taiping County lies southeast of the prefectural seat. In the twelfth month of Chenghua 5 it was established from Taiping township in Huangyan County, with territory taken from Yueqing to enlarge it. To the south is Great Thunder Mountain. To the northwest is Wangcheng Mountain. To the southwest is Lingshan, which joins Yuhuan Mountain. The southeast faces the sea at what is called Dalü Sea, with Songmen, Shitang, Dachen, and other mountains within it. Farther east is the Qian River, also called the Newly Built River; north of the county it is called the Guantang River, which reaches Huangyan County to the north and enters the sea to the east. To the east is Songmen Guard, originally the Songmen thousand-household post established in the twelfth month of Hongwu 19 and promoted to a guard in the sixth month of Hongwu 20. To the northeast is the Xinhe thousand-household post, established in the twelfth month of Hongwu 19. To the south is the Aiyan thousand-household post and to the southwest the Chumen thousand-household post, both established in the second month of Hongwu 20. Farther east are the Panma, Ershan, and Puqi patrol inspectorates. To the south is the Shajiao patrol inspectorate, first below Qitou Mountain and later moved to its present seat. To the southwest is the Xiaolu patrol inspectorate, whose seat was moved to the rear of Hengshan at Chumen post. To the west was the Wenling patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

239

金華府元婺州路，屬浙東宣慰司。太祖戊戌年十二月爲甯越府。庚子年正月曰金華府。領縣八。東北距布政司四百五十里。

Jinhua Prefecture was the Yuan Wuzhou Route, subordinate to the Zhedong Pacification Commission. In the twelfth month of the Taizu wuxu year it became Ningyue Prefecture. In the first month of the gengzi year it was named Jinhua Prefecture. It administered eight counties. It lay four hundred fifty li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

240

金華倚。北有金華山。南有銅山，舊產銅。城南有東陽江，亦曰婺港，自東陽縣流經此。又有南溪，自縉雲縣來合焉，謂之雙溪，亦曰縠溪，合流至蘭溪而會於信安江。

Jinhua was the attached seat county. To the north is Jinhua Mountain. To the south is Tong Mountain, which formerly produced copper. South of the city is the Dongyang River, also called Wu Harbor, which flows here from Dongyang County. The South Stream also comes from Jinyun County to join it, forming what is called the Twin Streams or Hu Stream, which flows to Lanxi and then meets the Xin'an River.

241

蘭谿府西。元蘭谿州。洪武三年三月降爲縣。東有銅山，舊產銅。西南有蘭溪，即彀溪也，亦曰大溪，一自衢州之衢港，一自金華之婺港，會於西南蘭陰山下，北入嚴州界。西北有平渡巡檢司。北有靈泉鄉、龍巖鄉二巡檢司，廢。

Lanxi County lies west of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Lanxi zhou. In the third month of Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. To the east is Tong Mountain, which formerly produced copper. To the southwest is the Lan Stream—that is, the Hu Stream, also called the Great Stream—with one branch from Qu Harbor in Quzhou and one from Wu Harbor in Jinhua; they meet below Lanyin Mountain to the southwest and flow north into Yanzhou. To the northwest is the Pingdu patrol inspectorate. To the north were the Lingspring Township and Longyan Township patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

242

東陽府東。東南有大盆山，東陽江出焉，經縣北，謂之北溪，亦曰東溪，西南有畫溪，下流至義烏縣入焉。東有永寧巡檢司。又東南有瑞山、玉山。南有興賢、仁壽二巡檢司，廢。

Dongyang County lies east of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Dapen Mountain, where the Dongyang River rises; passing north of the county it is called the North Stream or East Stream; Hua Stream to the southwest flows down into it at Yiwu County. To the east is the Yongning patrol inspectorate. Farther southeast are Ruishan and Yushan. To the south were the Xingxian and Renshou patrol inspectorates, later abolished.

243

義烏府東少北。南有烏傷溪，即東陽江。西有智者同義鄉、南有雙林明義鄉、北有龍祈鎮三巡檢司，廢。

Yiwu County lies east and slightly north of the prefectural seat. To the south is Wushang Stream—that is, the Dongyang River. To the west were the Zhizhe Tongyi Township, Shuanglin Mingyi Township to the south, and Longqi Town to the north patrol inspectorates—all later abolished.

244

永康府東南。東南有銅山，舊產銅。南有南溪，亦曰永康溪。又東有孝義寨、南有義豐鄉、東南有合德鄉三巡檢司，後廢。

Yongkang County lies southeast of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Tong Mountain, which formerly produced copper. To the south is the South Stream, also called the Yongkang Stream. Farther east was the Xiaoyi Stockade patrol inspectorate, to the south Yifeng Township, and to the southeast Hede Township—all later abolished.

245

武義府南少東。東北有永康溪，又有茭道市。西有苦竹市。又北有白溪口市。

Wuyi County lies south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the northeast is Yongkang Stream and also Jiaodao Market. To the west is Kuzhu Market. Farther north is Baixikou Market.

246

蒲江府東北。西有深嫋山，蒲陽江出焉，東流入諸暨縣界。東有楊家埠巡檢司，後廢。

Pujiang County lies northeast of the prefectural seat. To the west is Shen'ao Mountain, where the Puyang River rises and flows east into Zhuji County. To the east was the Yangjiabu patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

247

湯溪府西南。成化七年正月析蘭溪、金華、龍遊、遂昌四縣地置。南有銀嶺。西北有縠江，即信安江。

Tangxi County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. In the first month of Chenghua 7 it was established from territory taken from Lanxi, Jinhua, Longyou, and Suichang counties. To the south is Yin Ridge. To the northwest is the Hu River—that is, the Xin'an River.

248

衢州府元衢州路，屬浙東道宣慰司。太祖己亥年九月爲龍遊府。丙午年爲衢州府。領縣五。東北距布政司五百六十里。

Quzhou Prefecture was the Yuan Quzhou Route, subordinate to the Zhedong Circuit Pacification Commission. In the ninth month of Jihai, the first year of the Taizu reign, it became Longyou Subprefecture. In the Bingwu year it became Quzhou Prefecture. It administered five counties. It lay five hundred sixty li northeast of the Provincial Administration Commission.

249

西安倚。永樂二十二年建越王府，宣德二年除。西有巖山。南有爛柯山，又有爵豆山，舊出銀。又西北有銅山，舊出銅、錫、鉛。城西南有衢江，其上源曰大溪，自江山縣流入。又有西溪，亦曰信安溪，自開化縣發源，流至此與大溪合焉，曰雙港口。又東有定陽溪，一名東溪，自遂昌縣流入，合於衢江。西南有嚴剝、東南有板固二巡檢司。

Xi'an was the attached seat county. In Yongle 22 the princely mansion of Yue was built; in Xuande 2 it was abolished. To the west is Yanshan. To the south are Lankeshan and Juedoushan, which once produced silver. Farther northwest is Tongshan, which once produced copper, tin, and lead. Southwest of the city is the Qu River, whose upper reach is called the Great Stream, entering from Jiangshan County. There is also the West Stream, also called the Xin'an Stream, which rises in Kaihua County and joins the Great Stream here at Shuanggangkou. Farther east is the Dingyang Stream, also called the East Stream, entering from Suichang County and joining the Qu River. To the southwest is the Yanbo patrol inspectorate; to the southeast is the Bagu patrol inspectorate.

250

龍遊府東。東有龍丘山。北有梅嶺。又有縠溪，即衢江也，一名盈川溪，又南有靈溪，自遂昌縣流經縣南靈山下，又東北入焉。東有湖頭鎮巡檢司。又北有水北、南有靈山二巡檢司，廢。

Longyou County lies east of the prefectural seat. To the east is Longqiu Mountain. To the north is Meiling. There is also the Gou Stream—that is, the Qu River—also called the Yingchuan Stream; farther south is the Ling Stream, which flows from Suichang County past Ling Mountain south of the county and enters from the northeast. To the east is the Hutouzhen patrol inspectorate. Farther north was the Shuibei patrol inspectorate and to the south the Lingshan patrol inspectorate; both were abolished.

251

常山府西。有三衢山。東有常山，即信安嶺也。北有金川，一名馬金溪，自開化縣流入。東有文溪，自江山縣流入，合於金川，爲信安溪上源。北有下坑、東南有鎮平二巡檢司，廢。

Changshan County lies west of the prefectural seat. There is Sanqu Mountain. To the east is Changshan—that is, Xin'an Ridge. To the north is the Jin River, also called the Majin Stream, entering from Kaihua County. To the east is the Wen Stream, entering from Jiangshan County and joining the Jin River as the upper reach of the Xin'an Stream. To the north was the Xiakeng patrol inspectorate and to the southeast the Zhenping patrol inspectorate; both were abolished.

252

江山府西。東南有江郎山，有仙霞嶺，仙霞關在其上。城東有大溪，仙霞嶺水所匯也。又西有文溪。南有東山巡檢司，本治仙霞嶺下，後遷嶺上。又有小竿嶺巡檢司，廢。

Jiangshan County lies west of the prefectural seat. To the southeast are Jianglang Mountain and Xianxia Ridge, with Xianxia Pass upon it. East of the city is the Great Stream, where the waters of Xianxia Ridge gather. Farther west is the Wen Stream. To the south is the Dongshan patrol inspectorate, originally stationed below Xianxia Ridge and later moved onto the ridge. There was also the Xiaoganling patrol inspectorate, abolished.

253

開化府西北。金溪在城東，其源一出馬金嶺，一出百際嶺，至城北合流而南，即金川上源也。北有金竹嶺巡檢司。又西有云臺、北有低阪、又有馬金、南有華埠四巡檢司，廢。

Kaihua County lies northwest of the prefectural seat. The Jin Stream lies east of the city; one source issues from Majin Ridge and one from Baiji Ridge; they unite north of the city and flow south as the upper reach of the Jin River. To the north is the Jinzhuling patrol inspectorate. Farther west was the Yuntai patrol inspectorate; to the north the Diban; also the Majin; and to the south the Huabu—all abolished.

254

處州府元處州路，屬浙東道宣慰司。太祖己亥年十一月爲安南府，尋曰處州府。領縣十。北距布政司七百三十里。

Chuzhou Prefecture was the Yuan Chuzhou Route, subordinate to the Zhedong Circuit Pacification Commission. In the eleventh month of Jihai, the first year of the Taizu reign, it became Annan Prefecture; shortly afterward it was renamed Chuzhou Prefecture. It administered ten counties. It lay seven hundred thirty li north of the Provincial Administration Commission.

255

麗水倚。大溪在城南，一名洄溪，自龍泉縣流經此，下流至永嘉縣，入於海。又東有好溪，本名惡溪，東南達於大溪。

Lishui was the attached seat county. The Great Stream lies south of the city, also called the Hui Stream; it flows from Longquan County through here and downstream reaches Yongjia County, where it enters the sea. Farther east is the Hao Stream, originally named the E Stream, which reaches the Great Stream to the southeast.

256

青田府東南。西有大、小連雲山。南有南田山。又有南溪，即大溪也，亦曰青溪，自麗水縣流入。西南有小溪流合焉。南有淡洋巡檢司，又北有黃壇巡檢司，廢。

Qingtian County lies southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west are Greater and Lesser Lianyun Mountains. To the south is Nantian Mountain. There is also the South Stream—that is, the Great Stream—also called the Qing Stream, entering from Lishui County. To the southwest a lesser stream joins it. To the south is the Danyang patrol inspectorate; farther north was the Huangtan patrol inspectorate, abolished.

257

縉雲府北。東有仙都山，亦名縉雲山。又有管溪官山。西南有馮公嶺，一名木合嶺，一名桃花隘。又東有好溪，源出縣東北之大盆山，有管溪自東流合焉。又北有南源溪，亦曰南溪，下流爲永康溪，入於東陽江。

Jinyun County lies north of the prefectural seat. To the east is Xiandu Mountain, also called Jinyun Mountain. There is also Guanxi Guanshan. To the southwest is Fenggong Ridge, also called Muhe Ridge and Taohua Pass. Farther east is the Hao Stream, rising at Dapen Mountain in the northeast of the county; the Guan Stream flows in from the east and joins it. Farther north is the Nanyuan Stream, also called the Nan Stream, which downstream becomes the Yongkang Stream and enters the Dongyang River.

258

松陽府西。北有竹客嶺。西有松溪，南有竹溪流入焉，下流至麗水縣，入於大溪。又西南有淨居巡檢司，廢。

Songyang County lies west of the prefectural seat. To the north is Zhuke Ridge. To the west is the Song Stream; the Zhu Stream enters from the south; downstream they reach Lishui County and enter the Great Stream. Farther southwest was the Jingju patrol inspectorate, abolished.

259

遂昌府西。南有雙溪，有二源，至縣南合流。又東經西明山南，分爲二，其一入龍泉縣之大溪，其一爲東溪，入松陽縣，爲松溪。北有馬步巡檢司。

Suichang County lies west of the prefectural seat. To the south is the Shuang Stream, with two sources that unite south of the county. It flows east past the south of Ximing Mountain and divides in two: one branch enters the Great Stream in Longquan County; the other becomes the East Stream, entering Songyang County as the Song Stream. To the north is the Mabu patrol inspectorate.

260

龍泉府西南。南有匡山，建溪之水出焉。南有大溪，源出臺湖山，又有靈溪，自縣北流合焉，東入雲和縣界。南有慶元巡檢司，治查田市。

Longquan County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south is Kuang Mountain, where the waters of the Jian Stream issue. To the south is the Great Stream, rising at Taihu Mountain; the Ling Stream flows from the north of the county and joins it, then enters Yunhe County to the east. To the south is the Qingyuan patrol inspectorate, stationed at Chatian Market.

261

慶元府西南。洪武三年三月省。十三年十一月復置。西南有鬆源水，南流入福建，爲松溪縣之松溪。

Qingyuan County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. It was abolished in the third month of Hongwu 3. It was restored in the eleventh month of Hongwu 13. To the southwest is the Songyuan River, which flows south into Fujian as the Song Stream of Songxi County.

262

雲和府西南。景泰二年析麗水縣地置。南有大溪，西有黃溪流入焉，東入麗水縣界。又西有七赤渡。東有石塘隘。

Yunhe County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. It was established in Jingtai 2 from territory split off from Lishui County. To the south is the Great Stream; the Huang Stream enters from the west; it flows east into Lishui County. Farther west is Qichi Ford. To the east is the Shitang Pass.

263

宣平府北。本麗水縣之鮑村巡檢司。景泰三年改爲縣，而徙巡檢司於縣之後陶，仍故名，尋廢。西北有礱坑山，舊產銀。南有玉巖山，又有會高山，產礦。又南有虎蹐溪，會流於麗水縣之大溪。

Xuanping County lies north of the prefectural seat. It was originally the Baocun patrol inspectorate of Lishui County. In Jingtai 3 it was changed to a county and the patrol inspectorate was moved to Houtao in the county, retaining its old name; it was soon abolished. To the northwest is Longkeng Mountain, which formerly produced silver. To the south is Yuyan Mountain; there is also Hui'gao Mountain, which produced ore. Farther south is the Huji Stream, which joins the Great Stream in Lishui County.

264

景寧府南。景泰五年析青田縣置。南有敕木山。東有礦坑嶺。西有彪溪，東北有大匯灘，下流皆注於青田縣之大溪。北有沐溪巡檢司，遷縣南大漈仍故名。又西有盧山巡檢司，後廢。東有龍首關，又有龍匯關、白鹿關，俱嘉靖中置。

Jingning County lies south of the prefectural seat. It was established in Jingtai 5 from territory split off from Qingtian County. To the south is Chimu Mountain. To the east is Kuangkeng Ridge. To the west is the Biao Stream; to the northeast is Dahui Beach; all flow downstream into the Great Stream in Qingtian County. To the north is the Muxi patrol inspectorate, moved to Daji south of the county while retaining its old name. Farther west was the Lushan patrol inspectorate, later abolished. To the east is Longshou Pass; there are also Longhui Pass and Bailu Pass, all established in the Jiajing reign.

265

溫州府元溫州路，屬浙東道宣慰司。洪武初，爲府。領縣五。西北距布政司八百九十里。

Wenzhou Prefecture was the Yuan Wenzhou Route, subordinate to the Zhedong Circuit Pacification Commission. In early Hongwu it became a prefecture. It administered five counties. It lay eight hundred ninety li northwest of the Provincial Administration Commission.

266

永嘉倚。西有岷岡山，又有鐵場嶺。南有大羅山。東濱海。又永寧江在城北，一名甌江，一名永嘉江，自蒼括諸溪匯流入府界，又東注於海。江中有孤嶼山，與北岸羅浮相望。又西北有安溪，東北有楠溪，俱注於甌江。城西南又有會昌湖，東有寧村守禦千戶所，洪武二十年二月置。東南有中界山巡檢司，後遷縣東永昌堡。

Yongjia was the attached seat county. To the west are Mingang Mountain and Tiechang Ridge. To the south is Daluo Mountain. It borders the sea to the east. The Yongning River lies north of the city, also called the Ou River and the Yongjia River; streams from Cangguo and elsewhere gather and enter the prefecture, then flow east into the sea. Within the river is Guyu Islet, facing Luofu on the north bank. Farther northwest is the An Stream and to the northeast the Nan Stream; both empty into the Ou River. To the southwest of the city is also Huichang Lake; to the east is the Ningcun garrison-defense thousand-household post, established in the second month of Hongwu 20. To the southeast is the Zhongjieshan patrol inspectorate, later moved to Yongchang Fort east of the county.

267

瑞安府南。元瑞安州。洪武二年降爲縣。正德六年五月徙縣城於故城西，去海三丈五尺，以避潮患。西有陶山。北有帆遊山。城南有安陽江，源出福建政和縣及青田縣界，合流至此，曰瑞安江，亦曰飛雲江，渡處有飛雲關，東接海口。又縣東海岸中有鳳凰諸山。又縣東北有海安守禦千戶所，縣東南有沙園守禦千戶所，俱洪武二十年二月置。東有東山巡檢司，本名梅頭，治梅頭寨，後遷，更名。

Ruian County lies south of the prefectural seat. It was Ruian zhou under the Yuan. In Hongwu 2 it was reduced to a county. In the fifth month of Zhengde 6 the county seat was moved west of the old city, three zhang five chi from the sea, to escape tidal flooding. To the west is Mount Tao. To the north is Mount Fanyou. South of the city is the Anyang River, rising on the border of Zhenghe County in Fujian and Qingtian County and joining here as the Ruian River—also called the Feiyun River—with Feiyun Pass at the crossing and the estuary to the east. Off the eastern coast of the county are the various Phoenix Mountains. To the northeast is the Hai'an garrison-defense thousand-household post and to the southeast the Shayuan post—both established in the second month of Hongwu 20. To the east is the Dongshan patrol inspectorate, originally called Meitou and seated at Meitou Stockade; it was later moved and renamed.

268

樂清府東北。東有北雁蕩山。南濱海，有玉環山，在海中。又西北有荊溪。又縣治傍有東、西二溪。西南有館頭江。西有象浦河，東北有石馬港，下流皆達海。有長林鹽場。又西有盤石衛，洪武二十年二月置。東有盤石守禦後千戶所，成化五年置。東北有蒲岐守禦千戶所，亦洪武二十年二月置。西有館頭巡檢司，遷治縣西南岐頭寨。後復。東南有北監巡檢司，治玉環山下，尋遷縣東北蔡嶴，又遷縣東白沙嶺，又遷鶚頭，又遷窯嶴山下，仍故名。

Yueqing County lies northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is North Yandang Mountain. It borders the sea to the south, with Mount Yuhuan in the sea. Farther northwest is Jing Stream. Beside the county seat are the Eastern and Western streams. To the southwest is the Guantou River. To the west is the Xiangpu River and to the northeast Shima Harbor; their lower courses all reach the sea. There is the Changlin salt field. Farther west is Panshi Guard, established in the second month of Hongwu 20. To the east is the Panshi garrison-defense Rear thousand-household post, established in Chenghua 5. To the northeast is the Puqi garrison-defense thousand-household post, also established in the second month of Hongwu 20. To the west is the Guantou patrol inspectorate, whose seat was moved to Qitou Stockade southwest of the county. It was later restored. To the southeast is the Beijian patrol inspectorate, first below Mount Yuhuan, then moved to Cai'ao northeast of the county, then to Baisha Ridge east of the county, then to Etou, then below Yaoxiao Mountain, retaining its former name.

269

平陽府西南。元平陽州。洪武三年降爲縣。西南有南雁蕩山，有玉蒼山。又東南海中有大巖頭山，有南麂山。又西有前倉江，亦曰橫陽江，東南經江口關注於海。南有天富南鹽場。又南有金鄉衛，有蒲門守禦千戶所，東北有壯士守禦千戶所，皆洪武二十年二月置。東南有舥艚、又有斗門二巡檢司。南有江口巡檢司，治下埠，後遷渡頭。又東有仙口巡檢司，遷縣南麥城山，仍故名。又東南有龜峯巡檢司，廢。

Pingyang County lies southwest of the prefectural seat. It was Pingyang zhou under the Yuan. In Hongwu 3 it was reduced to a county. To the southwest are South Yandang Mountain and Mount Yucang. Farther southeast in the sea are Dayantou Mountain and Nanji Mountain. Farther west is the Qiancang River—also called the Hengyang River—which passes southeast through Jiangkou Pass into the sea. To the south is the Tianfu South salt field. Farther south is Jinxiang Guard, with the Pumen garrison-defense thousand-household post and the Zhuangshi post to the northeast—all established in the second month of Hongwu 20. To the southeast are the Bochao and Doumen patrol inspectorates. To the south is the Jiangkou patrol inspectorate, first at Xiabu and later moved to Dutou. Farther east is the Xiankou patrol inspectorate, moved to Maicheng Mountain south of the county but retaining its former name. Farther southeast was the Guifeng patrol inspectorate, later abolished.

270

泰順府西南。景泰三年以瑞安縣羅洋鎮置，析平陽縣地益之。南有分水山，上有關，爲浙、閩分界處。又西有白溪，下流至福建寧德縣入海。又東有仙居溪，流入瑞安境入海。北有池村巡檢司。南有三冠巡檢司，本洋望，後更名。東南有鴉陽巡檢司，後廢。又羅陽第一關在縣東。

Taishun lies southwest of the prefectural seat. In Jingtai 3 it was established from Luoyang Town in Ruian County, with territory taken from Pingyang County. To the south is Fenghui Mountain with a pass atop it marking the border between Zhejiang and Fujian. Farther west is Bai Stream, whose lower course reaches the sea at Ningde County in Fujian. Farther east is Xianju Stream, which flows into Ruian territory and reaches the sea. To the north is the Chichun patrol inspectorate. To the south is the Sanguan patrol inspectorate, originally called Yangwang and later renamed. To the southeast was the Yayang patrol inspectorate, later abolished. The Luoyang First Pass lies east of the county.

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