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卷六十四志第四十
Volume 64, Treatise 40
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◎儀衛《周官》，王之儀衛分掌於天官、春官、夏官之屬，而蹕事則專屬於秋官。 漢朝會，則衛官陳車騎，張旗幟。 唐沿隋制，置衛尉卿，掌儀仗帳幕之事。 宋衛尉領左右金吾衛司、左右金吾仗司、六軍儀仗司，主清道、徼巡、排列、奉引儀仗。 元置拱衛司，領控鶴戶以供其事。 歷代制度雖有沿革異同，總以謹出入之防，嚴尊卑之分。 慎重則尊嚴，尊嚴則整肅，是故文謂之儀，武謂之衛。 天子出，車駕次第謂之鹵簿。 而唐制四品以上皆給鹵簿，則君臣並得通稱也。 明初詔禮官，鹵簿彌文，務從省節，以示尚質去奢之意。 凡正、至、聖節、朝會，及冊拜、接見蕃臣，儀鸞司陳設儀仗。 而中宮、東宮、親王皆有儀仗之制。 後或隨時增飾，要以洪武創制爲準則焉。 茲撮《集禮》所載大凡，以備考覈。 其郡王及皇妃、東宮妃以下儀仗，載在《會典》者，並著於篇云。
◎ Ceremonial Guards. Under the Offices of Zhou, the sovereign's ceremonial escort was apportioned among the bureaus of Heaven, Spring, and Summer; clearing the imperial way fell solely to the Autumn Office. At Han court assemblies, guard officers deployed chariots and cavalry and raised banners and standards. The Tang adopted the Sui arrangement, appointing a Director of the Imperial Guard to manage ceremonial equipment and ceremonial canopies. In Song times the Imperial Guard Directorate supervised the Left and Right Golden Crow guard offices, their ceremonial branches, and the Six Armies Ceremonial Office, responsible for clearing the way, patrol, marshaling formations, and leading the ceremonial train. The Yuan created the Imperial Escort Directorate, drawing on Crane-Control households to perform these services. Institutions varied from dynasty to dynasty, yet all aimed to guard ingress and egress and to enforce the hierarchy of rank. Careful observance yields dignity, and dignity yields discipline; the civil aspect is therefore called ceremony and the martial aspect guard. When the emperor went abroad, the ordered procession of his carriage escort was termed the guard of honor. Under Tang rules, however, officials of the fourth rank and above also received a guard of honor, so ruler and subject alike could use the term. Early in the dynasty the emperor instructed the ritual officials to pare back the guard of honor, keeping it spare to signal a preference for plainness over luxury. On New Year's Day, the winter solstice, imperial birthdays, court assemblies, investiture ceremonies, and audiences with foreign envoys, the Ceremonial Phoenix Office deployed the ceremonial train. The empress, the heir apparent, and imperial princes each had prescribed ceremonial trains as well. Later reigns sometimes added embellishments, yet the Hongwu founding code remained the touchstone. What follows excerpts the principal entries in the Collected Rites for reference and verification. The ceremonial trains of territorial princes, imperial consorts, and consorts of the heir apparent and below, as recorded in the Statutes, are likewise included here.
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皇帝儀仗：吳元年十二月辛酉，中書左相國李善長率禮官以即位禮儀進。 是日清晨，拱衛司陳設鹵簿，列甲士於午門外之東西，列旗仗於奉天門外之東西。 龍旗十二，分左右，用甲士十二人。 北斗旗一、纛一居前，豹尾一居後，俱用甲士三人。 虎豹各二，馴象六，分左右。 布旗六十四：門旗、日旗、月旗，青龍、白虎、風、雲、雷、雨、江、河、淮、濟旗，天馬、天祿、白澤、朱雀、玄武等旗，木、火、土、金、水五星旗，五嶽旗，熊旗，鸞旗及二十八宿旗，各六行； 每旗用甲士五人，一人執旗，四人執弓弩。 設五輅於奉天門外：玉輅居中，左金輅，次革輅，右象輅，次木輅，俱並列。 丹墀左右布黃麾仗、黃蓋、華蓋、曲蓋、紫方傘、紅方傘、雉扇、朱團扇、羽葆幢、豹尾、龍頭竿、信幡、傳教幡、告止幡、絳引幡、戟氅、戈氅、儀鍠氅等，各三行。 丹陛左右陳幢節、響節、金節、燭籠、青龍白虎幢、班劍、吾杖、立瓜、臥瓜、儀刀、鐙杖、戟、骨朵、朱雀玄武幢等，各三行。 殿門左右設圓蓋一、金交椅、金腳踏、水盆、水罐、團黃扇、紅扇。 皆校尉擎執。
The emperor's ceremonial train: On the xinyou day of the twelfth month of the first Wu year, Left Chancellor Li Shanchang led the ritual officials in presenting the enthronement rites. At dawn that day the Imperial Escort Directorate arrayed the guard of honor, posting armored soldiers to the east and west of the Meridian Gate and ceremonial banners to the east and west of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. Twelve dragon banners, six to each side, borne by twelve armored soldiers. One Big Dipper banner and one command banner led the way; one leopard-tail standard brought up the rear—three armored soldiers for each. Two tiger and two leopard figures apiece, with six trained elephants, arrayed to left and right. Sixty-four cloth banners in all—gate, sun, and moon; Azure Dragon and White Tiger; wind, cloud, thunder, and rain; the Yangtze, Yellow River, Huai, and Ji; Heavenly Horse, Heavenly Blessing, White Marsh, Vermilion Bird, and Dark Warrior; the banners of the five elements and five sacred peaks; bear and phoenix; and the twenty-eight lunar mansions—each arrayed in six rows. Each banner was manned by five armored soldiers—one to carry it, four with bows and crossbows. Five imperial carriages stood outside the Gate of Supreme Harmony: the jade carriage at center; to its left the gold carriage and then the leather carriage; to its right the ivory carriage and then the wood carriage—all aligned abreast. On either side of the red courtyard stood yellow command regalia, yellow and flowered canopies, curved canopies, purple and red square umbrellas, pheasant-tail and vermilion round fans, feathered canopy staffs, leopard-tail and dragon-head poles, trust, instruction, stop, and crimson guide banners, and halberd, dagger-axe, and ceremonial bell pennants—three rows apiece. Flanking the red steps were canopy staffs, sounding and gold staffs, candle lanterns, Azure Dragon and White Tiger canopy staffs, court swords, ceremonial staffs, standing and reclining melons, ceremonial blades, stirrup staffs, halberds, maces, and Vermilion Bird and Dark Warrior canopy staffs—again three rows each. Beside the hall doors stood a round canopy on each side, a gold folding chair, gold footrests, basins and jars for water, round yellow fans, and red fans. Guard commandants bore them all.
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洪武元年十月，定元旦朝賀儀：金吾衛於奉天門外分設旗幟。 宿衛於午門外分設兵仗。 衛尉寺於奉天殿門及丹陛、丹墀設黃麾仗。 內使監擎執於殿上。 凡遇冬至、聖節、冊拜、親王及蕃使來朝，儀俱同。 其宣詔赦、降香，則惟設奉天殿門及丹陛儀仗、殿上擎執云。 其陳布次第，午門外，刀、盾、殳、叉各置於東西，甲士用赤。 奉天門外中道，金吾、宿衛二衛設龍旗十二，分左右，用青甲士十二人。 北斗旗一、纛一居前，豹尾一居後，俱用黑甲士三人。 虎豹各二，馴象六，分左右。 左右布旗六十四：左前第一行，門旗二，每旗用紅甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弓箭。 第二行，月旗一，用白甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩； 青龍旗一，用青甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩。 第三行，風、雲、雷、雨旗各一，每旗用黑甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弓箭； 天馬、白澤、朱雀旗各一，每旗用紅甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弓箭。 第四行，木、火、土、金、水五星旗各一，隨其方色，每旗用甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩，其甲木青、火紅、土黃、金白、水黑、熊旗、鸞旗各一，每旗用紅甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩。 第五行角、亢、氐、房、心、尾、箕旗各一，每旗用青甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弓箭。 第六行鬥、牛、女、虛、危、室、壁旗各一，每旗用青甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩。 右前第一行，門旗二，每旗用紅甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弓箭。 第二行，日旗一，用紅甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩； 白虎旗一，用白甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩。 第三行，江、河、淮、濟旗各一，隨其方色，每旗用甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弓箭，其甲江紅、河白、淮青、濟黑； 天祿、白澤、玄武旗各一，每旗用甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弓箭，天祿、白澤紅甲，玄武黑甲。 第四行，東、南、中、西、北五嶽旗各一，隨其方色，每旗用甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩，其甲東嶽青、南嶽紅、中嶽黃、西嶽白、北嶽黑； 熊旗、麟旗各一，每旗用紅甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩。 第五行，奎、婁、胃、昴、畢、觜、參旗各一，每旗用青甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弓箭。 第六行，井、鬼、柳、星、張、翼、軫旗各一，每旗用青甲士五人，內一人執旗，旗下四人執弩。 奉天門外，拱衛司設五輅。 玉輅居中； 左金輅，次革輅； 右象輅，次木輅。 俱並列。 典牧所設乘馬於文武樓之南，各三，東西相向。 丹墀左右布黃麾仗凡九十，分左右，各三行。 左前第一行，十五：黃蓋一，紅大傘二，華蓋一，曲蓋一，紫方傘一，紅方傘一，雉扇四，朱團扇四。 第二行，十五：羽葆幢二，豹尾二，龍頭竿二，信幡二，傳教幡二，告止幡二，絳引幡二，黃麾一。 第三行，十五：戟氅五，戈氅五，儀鍠氅五。 右前第一行，十五：黃蓋一，紅大傘二，華蓋一，曲蓋一，紫方傘一，紅方傘一，雉扇四，朱團扇四。 第二行，十五：羽葆幢二，豹尾二，龍頭竿二，信幡二，傳教幡二，告止幡二，絳引幡二，黃麾一。 第三行，十五：戟氅五，戈氅五，儀鍠氅五。 皆校尉擎執。 丹陛左右，拱衛司陳幢節等仗九十，分左右，爲四行。 左前第一行，響節十二，金節三，燭籠三。 第二行，青龍幢一，班劍三，吾杖三，立瓜三，臥瓜三，儀刀三，鐙杖三，戟三，骨朵三，朱雀幢一。 右前第一行，響節十二，金節三，燭籠三。 第二行，白虎幢一，班劍三，吾杖三，立瓜三，臥瓜三，儀刀三，鐙杖三，戟三，骨朵三，玄武幢一。 皆校尉擎執。 奉天殿門左右，拱衛司陳設：左行，圓蓋一，金腳踏一，金水盆一，團黃扇三，紅扇三； 右行，圓蓋一，金交椅一，金水罐一，團黃扇三，紅扇三。 皆校尉擎執。 殿上左右內使監陳設：左，拂子二，金唾壺一，金香合一； 右，拂子二，金唾盂一，金香爐一。 皆內使擎執。 和聲郎陳樂於丹墀文武官拜位之南，其器數詳見《樂志》內。
In the tenth month of Hongwu's first year the New Year's congratulatory audience was codified: the Golden Crow Guard posted banners outside the Gate of Supreme Harmony. The Palace Guard deployed arms outside the Meridian Gate. The Imperial Guard Office arrayed yellow command regalia at the hall doors, on the red steps, and in the red courtyard. Palace attendants bore regalia inside the hall. The winter solstice, imperial birthdays, investitures, visits by imperial princes, and audiences with foreign envoys all followed the same arrangement. For amnesty proclamations and incense offerings, only the hall-door and red-step regalia and items borne within the hall were deployed. The disposition ran thus: outside the Meridian Gate, sabers, shields, spears, and forks stood east and west, manned by soldiers in red armor. Along the central avenue outside the Gate of Supreme Harmony, the Golden Crow and Palace Guards posted twelve dragon banners, six to a side, borne by twelve soldiers in green armor. One Big Dipper banner and one command banner led; one leopard-tail standard followed—three soldiers in black armor for each. Two tiger and two leopard figures apiece and six trained elephants were posted to left and right. Sixty-four cloth banners to left and right: on the left front, first row, two gate banners, each with five soldiers in red armor—one bearing the banner, four beneath with bows and arrows. Second row: one moon banner with five soldiers in white armor—one bearing it, four beneath with crossbows. One Azure Dragon banner with five soldiers in green armor—one bearing it, four beneath with crossbows. Third row: one wind, cloud, thunder, and rain banner apiece, each with five soldiers in black armor—one bearing the banner, four beneath with bows and arrows. One Heavenly Horse, White Marsh, and Vermilion Bird banner apiece, each with five soldiers in red armor—one bearing the banner, four beneath with bows and arrows. Fourth row: one banner each for Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water, colored to their directions, each with five armored soldiers—one bearing the banner, four beneath with crossbows—armor green for Wood, red for Fire, yellow for Earth, white for Metal, black for Water; plus one bear and one phoenix banner, each with five soldiers in red armor. Fifth row: one banner each for Horn, Neck, Root, Room, Heart, Tail, and Winnowing Basket, each with five soldiers in green armor—one bearing the banner, four beneath with bows and arrows. Sixth row: one banner each for Dipper, Ox, Girl, Void, Rooftop, Encampment, and Wall, each with five soldiers in green armor—one bearing the banner, four beneath with crossbows. On the right front, first row: two gate banners, each with five soldiers in red armor—one bearing the banner, four beneath with bows and arrows. Second row: one sun banner with five soldiers in red armor—one bearing it, four beneath with crossbows. One White Tiger banner with five soldiers in white armor—one bearing it, four beneath with crossbows. Third row: one Yangtze, Yellow River, Huai, and Ji banner apiece, each with five armored soldiers—armor red for the Yangtze, white for the Yellow River, green for the Huai, black for the Ji. One Heavenly Blessing, White Marsh, and Dark Warrior banner apiece, each with five armored soldiers—Heavenly Blessing and White Marsh in red armor, Dark Warrior in black. Fourth row: one banner each for the eastern, southern, central, western, and northern sacred peaks, each with five armored soldiers—armor green, red, yellow, white, and black respectively. One bear and one qilin banner, each with five soldiers in red armor—one bearing the banner, four beneath with crossbows. Fifth row: one banner each for Striding Legs, Bond, Stomach, Hairy Head, Net, Turtle Beak, and Three Stars, each with five soldiers in green armor. Sixth row: one banner each for Well, Ghost, Willow, Star, Extended Net, Wings, and Chariot, each with five soldiers in green armor—one bearing the banner, four beneath with crossbows. Outside the Gate of Supreme Harmony the Imperial Escort Directorate arrayed the five imperial carriages. The jade carriage at center. To its left the gold carriage, then the leather carriage. To its right the ivory carriage, then the wood carriage. All aligned abreast. The Pasturage Office posted riding horses south of the Civil and Military Tower, three on each side, facing one another east and west. Ninety pieces of yellow command regalia lined the red courtyard to left and right, three rows on each side. Left front, first row—fifteen items: one yellow canopy, two large red umbrellas, one flowered and one curved canopy, one purple and one red square umbrella, four pheasant-tail fans, and four vermilion round fans. Second row—fifteen: two feathered canopy staffs, two leopard-tail standards, two dragon-head poles, two each of trust, instruction, stop, and crimson guide banners, and one yellow command staff. Third row—fifteen: five halberd pennants, five dagger-axe pennants, and five ceremonial bell pennants. Right front, first row—fifteen: the same array as on the left. Second row—fifteen: matching the left side in every item. Third row—fifteen: five halberd pennants, five dagger-axe pennants, and five ceremonial bell pennants. Guard commandants bore them all. Flanking the red steps, the Imperial Escort Directorate arrayed ninety canopy staffs and allied regalia in four rows to each side. Left front, first row: twelve sounding staffs, three gold staffs, and three candle lanterns. Second row: one Azure Dragon canopy staff, three each of court swords, ceremonial staffs, standing and reclining melons, ceremonial blades, stirrup staffs, halberds, and maces, and one Vermilion Bird canopy staff. Right front, first row: twelve sounding staffs, three gold staffs, and three candle lanterns. Second row: one White Tiger canopy staff, three each of the same weapons and regalia as on the left, and one Dark Warrior canopy staff. Guard commandants bore them all. Beside the doors of the Hall of Supreme Harmony the Imperial Escort Directorate posted: on the left, one round canopy, one gold footrest, one gold water basin, three round yellow fans, and three red fans. On the right, one round canopy, one gold folding chair, one gold water jar, three round yellow fans, and three red fans. Guard commandants bore them all. Within the hall the palace attendants arranged: on the left, two whisk fans, one gold spittoon, and one gold incense box. On the right, two whisk fans, one gold spittoon bowl, and one gold incense burner. Palace attendants bore them all. Harmony Officers stationed musicians south of the civil and military officials' obeisance marks on the red courtyard; instrument counts appear in the Treatise on Music.
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三年，命制郊丘祭祀拜褥。 郊丘用席表蒲裏爲褥，宗廟、社稷、先農、山川用紅文綺表紅木棉布裏爲褥。 十二年，命禮部增設丹墀儀仗，黃傘、華蓋、曲蓋、紫方傘、紅方傘各二，雉扇、紅團扇各四，羽葆幢、龍頭竿、絳引、傳教、告止、信幡各六，戟氅、戈氅、儀鍠氅各十。
In the third year the court ordered kneeling mats made for suburban altar rites. Suburban altars used mats faced with rush matting and padded with rush; the ancestral temple, altars of soil and grain, the god of agriculture, and mountain-and-river sacrifices used mats faced with red patterned silk and lined with red cotton cloth. In the twelfth year the Ministry of Rites was told to expand red-courtyard regalia: two each of yellow, flowered, and curved canopies and purple and red square umbrellas; four pheasant-tail and red round fans apiece; six each of feathered canopy staffs, dragon-head poles, and crimson guide, instruction, stop, and trust banners; and ten each of halberd, dagger-axe, and ceremonial bell pennants.
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永樂元年，禮部言鹵簿中宜有九龍車一乘，請增置。 帝曰：「禮貴得中，過爲奢，不及爲儉，先朝審之精矣。 當遵用舊章，豈可輒有增益，以啓後世之奢哉？ 九龍車既先朝所無，其仍舊便。」 宣德元年，更造鹵簿儀仗，有具服幄殿一座，金交椅一，金腳踏一，金盆一，金罐一，金馬杌一，鞍籠一，金香爐一，金香合一，金唾盂一，金唾壺一，御杖二，擺錫明甲一百副，盔一百，弓一百，箭三千，刀一百。 其執事校尉，每人鵝帽，只孫衣，銅帶靴履鞋一副。 常朝，各色羅掌扇四十，各色羅絹傘十，萬壽傘一，黃雙龍扇二。 筵宴，銷金羅傘四，銷金雨傘四，金龍響節二十四。
In Yongle's first year the Ministry of Rites proposed adding a Nine Dragons carriage to the guard of honor. The emperor replied: "Ritual prizes the mean; excess is luxury and shortfall is stinginess—and the founding court weighed that with care. We should keep to the old code. How could we add to it lightly and teach later generations to be lavish? The Nine Dragons carriage never existed under the founders—leave matters as they are. In Xuande's first year the guard-of-honor regalia was remade: a full-dress tent-palace; one gold folding chair, footrest, basin, and jar; one gold horse stool and saddle case; gold incense burner and box; gold spittoon bowl and pot; two imperial staffs; and one hundred sets of bright tin armor on display, with matching helmets, bows, three thousand arrows, and sabers. Duty commandants each wore goose-down caps, single-layer grandson garments, copper belts, and full sets of boots and shoes. For regular audiences: forty palm fans in assorted colored silks, ten silk umbrellas, one Longevity umbrella, and two yellow double-dragon fans. For banquets: four gold-brocaded silk umbrellas, four gold-brocaded rain umbrellas, and twenty-four gold-dragon sounding staffs.
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皇太子儀仗，洪武元年定：門外中道設龍旗六，其執龍旗者並戎服。 黃旗一居中，左前青旗一，右前赤旗一，左後黑旗一，右後白旗一，每旗執弓弩軍士六人，服各隨旗色。 殿下設三十六人：絳引幡二，戟氅六，戈氅六，儀鍠氅六，羽葆幢六，青方傘二，青小方扇四，青雜花團扇四，皆校尉擎執。 殿前設四十八人：班劍四，吾杖四，立瓜四，臥瓜四，儀刀四，鐙杖四，骨朵四，斧四，響節十二，金節四，皆校尉擎執。 殿門設十二人：金交椅一，金腳踏一，金水罐一，金水盆一，青羅團扇六，紅圓蓋二，皆校尉擎執。 殿上設六人：金香爐一，香合一，唾盂一，唾壺一，拂子二，皆內使擎執。 永樂二年，禮部言，東宮儀仗，有司失紀載，視親王差少，宜增制金香爐、金香合各一，殳二，叉二，傳教、告止、信幡各二，節二，幢二，夾槊二，槊、刀、盾各二十，戟八，紅紙油燈籠六，紅羅銷金邊圓傘、紅羅繡圓傘各一，紅羅曲蓋繡傘、紅羅素圓傘、紅羅素方傘、青羅素方傘各二，紅羅繡孔雀方扇、紅羅繡四季花團扇各四，拂子二，唾盂、唾壺各一，鞍籠一，誕馬八，紅令旗二，清道旗四，幰弩一，白澤旗二，弓箭二十副。 從之。
The crown prince's ceremonial train, fixed in Hongwu's first year: six dragon banners on the central avenue outside the gate, all bearers in military dress. One yellow banner at center; green forward left, red forward right, black rear left, white rear right—six archers per banner, dressed to match its color. Below the hall stood thirty-six commandants bearing two crimson guide banners, six each of halberd, dagger-axe, and ceremonial bell pennants, six feathered canopy staffs, two green square umbrellas, four small green square fans, and four green floral round fans. Before the hall stood forty-eight commandants with four each of court swords, ceremonial staffs, standing and reclining melons, ceremonial blades, stirrup staffs, maces, and axes, plus twelve sounding staffs and four gold staffs. At the hall doors twelve commandants bore one gold folding chair, one gold footrest, one gold water jar and basin, six green silk round fans, and two red round canopies. Within the hall six attendants bore one gold incense burner and box, one spittoon bowl and pot, and two whisk fans. In Yongle's second year the Ministry of Rites reported that the heir apparent's ceremonial train had been under-recorded and fell short of a prince's equipage. They proposed adding gold incense burner and box; spears and forks; instruction, stop, and trust banners; staffs and canopy staffs; paired lances; twenty lances, sabers, and shields apiece; eight halberds; six red-paper oil lanterns; assorted red and green silk umbrellas and fans; whisk fans and spittoons; a saddle case; eight presentation horses; command and road-clearing banners; a covered crossbow carriage; two White Marsh banners; and twenty sets of bow and arrow. The court approved the proposal.
8
親王儀仗，洪武六年定：宮門外設方色旗二，青色白澤旗二，執人服隨旗色，並戎服。 殿下，絳引幡二，戟氅二，戈氅二，儀鍠氅二，皆校尉執。 殿前，班劍二，吾杖二，立瓜二，臥瓜二，儀刀二，鐙杖二，骨朵二，斧二，響節八，皆校尉執。 殿門，交椅一，腳踏一，水罐一，水盆一，團扇四，蓋二，皆校尉執。 殿上，拂子二，香爐一，香合一，唾壺一，唾盂一。 十六年詔，親王儀仗內交椅、盆、罐用銀者，悉改用金。 建文四年，禮部言，親王儀仗合增紅油絹銷金雨傘一，紅紗燈籠、紅油紙燈籠各四，敔燈二，大小銅角四。 從之。 永樂三年命工部，親王儀仗內紅銷金傘，仍用寶珠龍文。 凡世子儀仗同。
Imperial princes' ceremonial train, fixed in Hongwu's sixth year: outside the palace gate stood two directional-color banners and two green White Marsh banners, bearers in military dress colored to match. Below the hall: two crimson guide banners and two each of halberd, dagger-axe, and ceremonial bell pennants, all borne by guard commandants. Before the hall: two each of court swords, ceremonial staffs, standing and reclining melons, ceremonial blades, stirrup staffs, maces, and axes, plus eight sounding staffs—all borne by guard commandants. At the hall doors: one folding chair, footrest, water jar and basin, four round fans, and two canopies—all borne by guard commandants. Within the hall: two whisk fans, one incense burner and box, and one spittoon pot and bowl. In the sixteenth year an edict required that silver folding chairs, basins, and jars in princes' ceremonial trains be replaced with gold. In Jianwen's fourth year the Ministry of Rites proposed adding to princes' trains one red-oil-silk gold-brocaded rain umbrella, four red gauze and four red-oil-paper lanterns, two yi-lamps, and four bronze horns large and small. The court approved. In Yongle's third year the Works Ministry was told that princes' red gold-brocaded umbrellas should retain pearl-and-dragon ornament. The heir apparent's ceremonial train followed the same rules.
9
郡王儀仗：令旗二，清道旗二，幰弩一，刀盾十六，弓箭十八副，絳引、傳教、告止、信幡各二，吾杖、儀刀、立瓜、臥瓜、骨朵、斧各二，戟十六，槊十六，麾一，幢一，節一，響節六，紅銷金圓傘一，紅圓傘一，紅曲柄傘二，紅方傘二，青圓扇四，紅圓扇四，誕馬四，鞍籠一，馬杌一，拂子二，交椅一，腳踏一，水盆一，水罐一，香爐一，紅紗燈籠二，敔燈二，帳房一座。
Territorial princes' ceremonial train comprised two command and two road-clearing banners; a covered crossbow carriage; sixteen sabers and shields; eighteen bow-and-arrow sets; paired crimson guide, instruction, stop, and trust banners; paired ceremonial staffs, blades, melons, maces, and axes; sixteen halberds and lances; command, canopy, and sounding staffs; assorted red and green umbrellas and fans; four presentation horses; saddle case and horse stool; whisk fans; folding chair, footrest, basin, and jar; incense burner; lanterns; yi-lamps; and a tent quarters.
10
皇妃儀仗：紅杖二，清道旗二，絳引幡二，戈氅、戟氅、儀鍠氅、吾杖、儀刀、班劍、立瓜、臥瓜、鐙杖、骨朵、金鉞各二，響節四，青方傘四，紅繡圓傘一，繡方扇四，紅花圓扇四，青繡圓扇四，交椅一，腳踏一，拂子二，水盆一，水罐一，香爐一，香合一，唾盂一，唾壺一，紅紗燈籠四。
Imperial consorts' ceremonial train included two red staffs and road-clearing banners; paired crimson guide banners and pennants; paired court swords, melons, blades, maces, and gold axes; four sounding staffs; green and red umbrellas and fans; folding chair and footrest; whisk fans; basin and jar; incense burner and box; spittoons; and four red gauze lanterns.
11
東宮妃儀仗：紅杖二，清道旗二，絳引幡二，儀鍠氅、戈氅、戟氅、吾杖、儀刀、班劍、立瓜、臥瓜、鐙杖、骨朵、金鉞各二，響節四，青方傘二，紅素圓傘二，紅繡圓傘一，紅繡方扇四，紅繡花圓扇四，青繡圓扇四，交椅一，腳踏一，拂子二，水盆一，水罐一，香爐一，香合一，紅紗燈籠四。 永樂二年，禮部言，東宮妃儀仗如親王妃，惟香爐、香合如中宮，但亦不用金，其水盆、水罐皆用銀，從之。
Consorts of the heir apparent had a train matching princely consorts in most items, with green and red umbrellas and fans, court regalia in pairs, folding chair and footrest, whisk fans, basin and jar, incense burner and box, and four red gauze lanterns. In Yongle's second year the Ministry of Rites ruled that an heir apparent's consort should mirror a princely consort's train, while incense burner and box followed the empress's model—but without gold—and basins and jars were to be silver. The court approved.
12
親王妃儀仗：紅杖二，清道旗二，絳引幡二，戟氅、吾杖、儀刀、班劍、立瓜、臥瓜、骨朵、鐙杖各二，響節四，青方傘二，紅彩畫雲鳳傘一，青孔雀圓扇四，紅花扇四，交椅一，腳踏一，水盆一，水罐一，紅紗燈籠四，拂子二。 公主、世子妃儀仗俱同。
Princely consorts' ceremonial train included paired red staffs, road-clearing and crimson guide banners, halberd pennants and court regalia, four sounding staffs, green and red umbrellas and fans, folding chair and footrest, basin and jar, four red gauze lanterns, and two whisk fans. Imperial princesses and heirs' consorts followed the same rules.
13
郡王妃儀仗：紅杖二，清道旗二，絳引幡二，戟氅、吾杖、班劍、立瓜、骨朵各二，響節二，青方傘二，紅圓傘一，青圓扇二，紅圓扇二，交椅一，腳踏一，拂子二，紅紗燈籠二，水盆一，水罐一。
Territorial princes' consorts carried a reduced train: paired staffs, banners, and pennants; two sounding staffs; green and red umbrellas and fans; folding chair, footrest, whisk fans, lanterns, basin, and jar.
14
郡主儀仗：紅杖二，清道旗二，班劍、吾杖、立瓜、骨朵各二，響節二，青方傘一，紅圓傘一，青圓扇二，紅圓扇二，交椅一，腳踏一，水盆一，水罐一，紅紗燈籠二，拂子二。
Territorial princesses had a still smaller train: paired staffs and road-clearing banners; court swords, staffs, melons, and maces; sounding staffs; umbrellas and fans; chair, footrest, basin, jar, lanterns, and whisk fans.
15
舊例，郡王儀仗有交椅、馬杌，皆木質銀裹； 水盆、水罐及香爐、香合，皆銀質抹金； 量折銀三百二十兩。 郡王妃儀仗，有交椅等大器，量折銀一百六十兩。 餘皆自備充用。 嘉靖四十四年定，除親王及親王妃初封儀仗照例頒給外，其初封郡王及郡王妃折銀等項，並停止。 萬曆十年定，郡王初封系帝孫者，儀仗照例全給，系王孫者免。 蓋宗室分封漸多，勢難遍給也。
Formerly a territorial prince's train included folding chair and horse stool of wood sheathed in silver. Basins, jars, incense burner, and incense box were silver gilt. Commuted to three hundred and twenty taels of silver. A territorial prince's consort, with folding chair and other major pieces, received a commutation of one hundred and sixty taels. Everything else they furnished at their own expense. In Jiajing's forty-fourth year the court ruled that only imperial princes and princely consorts on first enfeoffment would still receive full trains as before; silver commutations for newly enfeoffed territorial princes and their consorts were abolished. In Wanli's tenth year a compromise held: a territorial prince on first enfeoffment who was the emperor's grandson still received a full train, but a prince's grandson did not. Imperial clansmen multiplied with each generation, and the court could no longer outfit them all.