Volume 115 Biographies 3: Emperor Xingzong Xiaokang, Emperor Ruizong Xingxian

興宗孝康皇帝孝康皇后呂太后睿宗獻皇帝獻皇后

Emperor Xingzong Xiaokang, Empress Xiaokang, Empress Dowager Lü, Emperor Ruizong Xingxian, and Empress Xian.

興宗孝康皇帝標，太祖長子也。母高皇后。元至正十五年生於太平陳迪家。太祖為吳王，立為王世子，從宋濂受經。

Zhu Biao, posthumously honored as Emperor Xingzong Xiaokang, was Hongwu's eldest son. His mother was Empress Gao. He was born in 1355 at the home of Chen Di in Taiping. When Hongwu was Prince of Wu, Biao was named heir to the principality and studied the classics under Song Lian.

吳元年，年十三矣，命省臨濠墓，諭曰：「商高宗舊勞于外，周成王早聞《無逸》之訓，皆知小民疾苦，故在位勤儉，為守成令主。兒生長富貴，習于晏安。今出旁近郡縣，遊覽山川，經歷田野，其因道途險易以知鞍馬勤勞，觀閭閻生業以知衣食艱難，察民情好惡以知風俗美惡，即祖宗所居，訪求父老，問吾起兵渡江時事，識之於心，以知吾創業不易。」又命中書省擇官輔行。凡所過郡邑城隍山川之神，皆祭以少牢。過太平訪迪家，賜白金五十兩。至泗、濠告祭諸祖墓。是冬從太祖觀郊壇，令左右導之農家，遍觀服食器具，又指道旁荊楚曰：「古用此為撲刑，以其能去風，雖傷不殺人。古人用心仁厚如此，兒念之。」洪武元年正月，立為皇太子。帶刀舍人周宗上書乞教太子。帝嘉納。中書省都督府請仿元制，以太子為中書令。帝以元制不足法，令詹同考歷代東宮官制，選勳德老成及新進賢者，兼領東宮官。於是左丞相李善長兼太子少師，右丞相徐達兼太子少傅，中書平章錄軍國重事常遇春兼太子少保，右都督馮宗異兼右詹事，中書平章政事胡廷端、廖永忠、李伯升兼同知詹事院事，中書左、右丞趙庸、王溥兼副詹事，中書參政楊憲兼詹事丞，傅瓛兼詹事，同知大都督康茂才、張興祖兼左右率府使，大都督府副使顧時、孫興祖同知左右率府事，僉大都督府事吳楨、耿炳文兼左右率府副使，御史大夫鄧愈、湯和兼諭德，御史中丞劉基、章溢兼贊善大夫，治書侍御史文原吉、范顯祖兼太子賓客。諭之曰：「朕於東宮不別設府僚，而以卿等兼領者，蓋軍旅未息，朕若有事於外，必太子監國。若設府僚，卿等在內，事當啟聞，太子或聽斷不明，與卿等意見不合，卿等必謂府僚導之，嫌隙易生。又所以特置賓客諭德等官者，欲輔成太子德性，且選名儒為之，職此故也。昔周公教成王克詰戎兵，召公教康王張惶六師，此居安慮危，不忘武備。蓋繼世之君，生長富貴，昵於安逸，不諳軍旅，一有緩急，罔知所措。二公之言，其並識之。」是年，命選國子生國琦、王璞、張傑等十餘人，侍太子讀書禁中。琦等入對謹身殿，儀狀明秀，應對詳雅。帝喜，因謂殿中侍御史郭淵友等曰：「諸生於文藝習矣，然與太子處，當端其心術，不流浮靡，庶儲德亦獲裨助。」因厚賜之。未幾，以梁貞、王儀為太子賓客，秦庸、盧德明、張昌為太子諭德。

In the first year of the Wu regime, when he was thirteen, he was sent to inspect the ancestral tombs at Fengyang. Hongwu instructed him: "The Shang High Ancestor once labored in the provinces; King Cheng of Zhou was taught the 'Against Idleness' early on—both understood the people's hardships, and so ruled diligently and frugally as successful heirs. You have grown up amid wealth and ease. Now travel through the neighboring prefectures and counties, see the land and its people, and learn from the roads what saddle-work costs, from village life what food and clothing require, and from local sentiment what customs are sound or corrupt. Where our forebears lived, question the elders about my crossing the Yangtze to raise the army, and fix it in your heart that founding this realm was no easy thing. He also ordered the Secretariat to choose officials to accompany him on the tour. Wherever he passed, he offered the lesser tai-lao sacrifice to the local city-god, mountain, and river deities. At Taiping he visited Chen Di's home and gave him fifty taels of silver. He reached Sizhou and Fengyang and performed sacrifices at the ancestral graves. That winter, accompanying Hongwu to the suburban sacrifice, he was led through farmhouses to see how people ate and dressed. Hongwu pointed to brambles beside the road and said: "The ancients used these for the rod because they drive off wind: they hurt but do not kill. The ancients' hearts were this humane—keep it in mind, my son. In the first month of Hongwu's first year he was made crown prince. Zhou Zong, a sword-bearing attendant, memorialized asking that the crown prince receive formal instruction. Hongwu approved the proposal. The Secretariat and the regional command asked to appoint the crown prince Secretariat Director, as under the Yuan. Hongwu rejected the Yuan precedent, had Zhan Tong study Eastern Palace institutions of past dynasties, and appointed both veteran meritorious officials and promising newcomers to dual posts in the heir apparent's establishment. Li Shanchang, left chancellor, became junior tutor; Xu Da, right chancellor, junior mentor; Chang Yuchun, associate director for military affairs, junior guardian; Feng Zongyi, right commissioner, right household master; Hu Tingduan, Liao Yongzhong, and Li Bosheng, associate directors, associate household masters; Zhao Yong and Wang Pu, vice directors, deputy household masters; Yang Xian, participating secretary, household master assistant; Fu Rong, household master; Kang Maocai and Zhang Xingzu, associate capital commissioners, left and right rate-office commandants; Gu Shi and Sun Xingzu, deputy commissioners, associate commandants; Wu Zhen and Geng Bingwen, commissioners, deputy commandants; Deng Yu and Tang He, censors-in-chief, preceptors; Liu Ji and Zhang Yi, vice censors-in-chief, senior companions; Wen Yuanji and Fan Xianzu, investigating secretaries, crown prince's guests. He told them: "I do not set up a separate Eastern Palace staff but make you serve concurrently because war is not over. If I must be away, the crown prince will govern. Separate palace staff would mean you inside reporting upward while the heir might decide poorly and clash with you—you would blame his tutors, and mistrust would follow. Guests and preceptors exist to shape the heir's character; famous scholars were chosen for that reason. The Duke of Zhou taught King Cheng to master arms; the Duke of Shao taught King Kang to keep the six hosts on alert—security that still remembers war. Succession princes raised in luxury, unused to camps, are helpless when crisis strikes. Keep both dukes' lessons in mind. That year he chose more than ten National University students, including Guo Qi, Wang Pu, and Zhang Jie, to study with the crown prince inside the palace. When they were presented in the Hall of Cultivating the Person, they were graceful and answered with polish. Hongwu was pleased and told the attendant Guo Yuanyou and others: "These students know their letters, but with the heir they must steady their minds and avoid vanity, so his stored virtue may truly gain. He then gave them rich gifts. Soon Liang Zhen and Wang Yi became the crown prince's guests, and Qin Yong, Lu Deming, and Zhang Chang his preceptors.

先是，建大本堂，取古今圖籍充其中，征四方名儒教太子諸王，分番夜直，選才俊之士充伴讀。帝時時賜宴賦詩，商搉古今，評論文字無虛日。命諸儒作《鐘山龍蟠賦》。置酒歡甚，自作《時雪賦》，賜東宮官。令三師、諭德朝賀東宮，東宮答拜。又命東宮及王府官編緝古人行事可為鑒戒者，訓諭太子諸王。四年春，制《大本堂玉圖記》，賜太子。

Earlier the Great Foundation Hall had been built and stocked with books; eminent scholars from across the realm taught the heir and the princes in rotating night watches, with gifted youths as companions. Hongwu often hosted them, composed verse, and debated texts and history day after day. He had the scholars write "Ode on the Coiled Dragon of Bell Mountain." At a lavish feast he himself wrote "Ode on the Season's Snow" and gave it to the Eastern Palace staff. He required the three mentors and preceptors to bow in court to the heir, who returned the courtesy. He also had palace and princely staff compile exemplary and cautionary deeds of antiquity for the heir and the princes. In spring of the fourth year he wrote "Record of the Jade Diagram of the Great Foundation Hall" and gave it to the crown prince.

十年，令自今政事並啟太子處分，然後奏聞。諭曰：「自古創業之君，曆涉勤勞，達人情，周物理，故處事鹹當。守成之君，生長富貴，若非平昔練達，少有不謬者。故吾特命爾日臨群臣，聽斷諸司啟事，以練習國政。惟仁不失於疏暴，惟明不惑於邪佞，惟勤不溺於安逸，惟斷不牽于文法。凡此皆心為權度。吾自有天下以來，未嘗暇逸，于諸事務惟恐毫髮失當，以負上天付託之意。戴星而朝，夜分而寢，爾所親見。爾能體而行之，天下之福也。」時令儒臣為太子講《大學衍義》。二十二年，置詹事院。

In the tenth year he ruled that all routine business must first go to the crown prince for decision, then be reported upward. He told him: "Founding emperors know hardship, human nature, and how the world works, and so judge rightly. Heirs raised in comfort, unless trained beforehand, almost always err. That is why I order you daily to sit with ministers and decide their memorials—to practice government. Be benevolent and you will not slip into cruelty; be clear-sighted and flatterers will not deceive you; be diligent and ease will not drown you; be decisive and the code will not bind you. In all of this the heart is the standard. Since taking the realm I have never rested; I fear the smallest misstep and failing Heaven's charge. You have seen me at court before dawn and abed only after midnight. If you can live by this, the realm will be fortunate. Confucian officials were then assigned to lecture him on the Extended Meaning of the Great Learning. In the twenty-second year the Household Master's Office was set up.

二十四年八月，敕太子巡撫陝西。先是，帝以應天、開封為南北京，臨濠為中都。御史鬍子祺上書曰：「天下形勝地可都者四。河東地勢高，控制西北，堯嘗都之，然其地苦寒。汴梁襟帶河、淮，宋嘗都之，然其地平曠，無險可憑。洛陽周公卜之，周、漢遷之，然嵩、邙非有殽函、終南之阻，澗、瀍、伊、洛非有涇、渭、灞、滻之雄。夫據百二河山之勝，可以聳諸侯之望，舉天下莫關中若也。」帝稱善。至是，諭太子曰：「天下山川惟秦地號為險固，汝往以省觀風俗，慰勞秦父老子弟。」於是擇文武諸臣扈太子行。既行，使諭曰：「爾昨渡江，震雷忽起于東南，導爾前行，是威震之兆也。然一旬久陰不雨，佔有陰謀，宜慎舉動，嚴宿衛，施仁布惠，以回天意。」仍申諭從行諸臣以宿頓聞。

In the eighth month of the twenty-fourth year Hongwu ordered the crown prince to inspect Shaanxi. Earlier Hongwu had named Nanjing and Kaifeng the southern and northern capitals and Fengyang the central capital. Censor Hu Ziqi wrote: "Four places in the realm are fit to be capitals. The Shanxi plateau commands the northwest and Yao once ruled there, but it is bitterly cold. Bianliang lies between the Yellow and Huai; the Song capitalized there, but the plain offers no natural defense. Luoyang was divined by the Duke of Zhou and used by Zhou and Han, yet Mount Song and Mangshan are not Xiao-Han or Zhongnan, nor are the Jian, Chan, Yi, and Luo the Jing, Wei, Ba, and Chan. Who holds the hundred-and-two defiles of Guanzhong commands every lord's gaze; nowhere else in the realm compares. Hongwu commended the memorial. He now told the heir: "Of all landscapes only Qin is called impregnable; go observe its customs and comfort its elders. Civil and military officials were then chosen to accompany him. After his departure a message said: "When you crossed the river yesterday, thunder rose in the southeast and led you on—a sign of commanding majesty. Yet ten days of cloud without rain suggest conspiracy; move carefully, guard the camp strictly, and show mercy and grace to move Heaven. He again told the escort to report each night's halt.

比還，獻陝西地圖，遂病。病中上言經略建都事。明年四月丙子薨，帝慟哭。禮官議期喪，請以日易。及當除服，帝不忍。禮官請之，始釋服視朝。八月庚申祔葬孝陵東，諡曰懿文。

On his return he presented a map of Shaanxi, then fell ill. From his sickbed he memorialized on capital strategy. The following year, on the bingzi day of the fourth month, he died; Hongwu wept bitterly. The ritualists proposed shortening the mourning period by counting days for months. When mourning should have ended, Hongwu could not bring himself to do it. Only after they pressed him did he leave mourning and hold court. On the gengshen day of the eighth month he was buried beside Xiaoling, with the posthumous title Yiwen.

睿宗興獻皇帝祐杬，憲宗第四子。母邵貴妃。成化二十三年封興王。弘治四年建邸德安。已，改安陸。七年之籓，舟次龍江，有慈烏數萬繞舟，至黃州復然，人以為瑞。謝疏陳五事。孝宗嘉之，賜予異諸弟。

Zhu Youyuan, posthumously Emperor Ruizong Xingxian, was the fourth son of the Chenghua emperor. His mother was Honored Consort Shao. In Chenghua 23 he was enfeoffed Prince of Xing. In Hongzhi 4 his princely mansion was built at De'an. It was later moved to Anlu. In the seventh year, en route to his fief, his boat at Longjiang was circled by tens of thousands of crows; the same occurred at Huangzhou, and people called it a portent. In his thanksgiving memorial he laid out five points. The Hongzhi emperor praised him and gave gifts beyond those for his brothers.

王薨二年而武宗崩，召王世子入嗣大統，是為世宗。禮臣毛澄等援漢定陶、宋濮王故事，考孝宗，改稱王為「皇叔父興獻大王」，王妃為「皇叔母」。帝命廷臣集議，未決。進士張璁上書請考興獻王，帝大悅。會母妃至自安陸，止通州不入。帝啟張太后，欲避天子位，奉母妃歸籓。群臣惶懼。太后命進王為興獻帝，妃為興獻後。璁更為《大禮或問》以進，而主事霍韜、桂萼，給事中熊浹議與璁合。帝因諭輔臣楊廷和、蔣冕、毛紀，帝、後加稱「皇」。廷和等合廷臣爭之，未決。嘉靖元年，禁中火，廷和及給事中鄧繼曾、硃鳴陽引五行五事，為廢禮之證。乃輟稱「皇」，加稱本生父興獻帝，尊園曰陵，黃屋監衛如制，設祠署安陸，歲時享祀，用十二籩豆，樂用八佾。帝心終未慊。三年加稱為本生皇考恭穆獻皇帝，興國太后為本生聖母章聖皇太后，建廟奉先殿西，曰觀德殿，祭如太廟。七月，諭去本生號。九月，詔稱孝宗皇伯考，稱獻皇帝曰皇考。

Two years after the prince's death the Wuzong emperor died; the prince's son was summoned to the throne as the Jiajing emperor. Ritualists led by Mao Cheng cited Han Dingtao and Song Prince Pu, made Xiaozong the sacrificial father, and styled the prince "Imperial Uncle Father, Great King of Xingxian" and his consort "Imperial Aunt Mother." Jiajing ordered a court debate; no conclusion was reached. Presented scholar Zhang Cong memorialized to worship Prince Xingxian; Jiajing was delighted. When his mother came from Anlu she halted at Tongzhou and would not enter the capital. Jiajing told Empress Dowager Zhang he would abdicate and return with his mother to Anlu. The ministers were terrified. The empress dowager promoted the prince to Emperor Xingxian and his consort to Empress Xingxian. Zhang Cong also wrote "Questions on the Great Rites"; Huo Tao and Gui E, section directors, and Xiong Shi, supervising secretary, agreed with him. Jiajing then told chief ministers Yang Tinghe, Jiang Mian, and Mao Ji to add "Imperial" to the new titles. Yang Tinghe and others united the court in opposition; the matter remained unsettled. In Jiajing 1 a fire struck the Forbidden City; Yang Tinghe and supervising secretaries Deng Jiceng and Zhu Mingyang invoked the Five Elements and Five Affairs as omens against the new rites. The court dropped "Imperial," styled his biological father Emperor Xingxian, made the garden a mausoleum with imperial guard, set up a shrine at Anlu with seasonal rites, twelve offering trays, and eight rows of dancers. Jiajing was still not satisfied. In the third year he added "Biological Imperial Father, Respectful and Solemn Emperor Xingxian" and "Biological Holy Mother, Empress Dowager Zhangsheng," and built the Hall of Observing Virtue west of the Ancestral Hall with Grand Temple rites. In the seventh month he ordered the word "biological" dropped. In the ninth month an edict called Xiaozong "Imperial Uncle-Grandfather" and the Xingxian emperor "Imperial Father."

璁、萼等既驟貴，幹進者爭以言禮希上意。百戶隨全、錄事錢子勳言獻皇帝宜遷葬天壽山。禮部尚書席書議：「高皇帝不遷祖陵，太宗不遷孝陵，蓋其慎也。小臣妄議山陵，宜罪。」工部尚書趙璜亦言不可。乃止。尊陵名曰顯陵。

Once Zhang Cong and Gui E were suddenly elevated, careerists competed to opine on ritual to please Jiajing. Company commander Sui Quan and clerk Qian Zixun said the Xingxian emperor should be moved to Tianshou Mountain. Minister of Rites Xi Shu argued: "Taizu did not relocate the ancestral mound, nor Taizong Xiaoling—such was their caution. Petty officials who rashly discuss the imperial tomb should be punished. Minister of Works Zhao Huang also said it must not be done. The proposal was dropped. The imperial tomb was given the name Xianling.

明年，修《獻皇帝實錄》，建世廟于太廟左。六年，以觀德殿狹隘，改建崇先殿。七年，命璁等集《明倫大典》，成，加上尊諡曰恭睿淵仁寬穆純聖獻皇帝。親製《顯陵碑》，封松林山為純德山，從祀方澤，次五鎮，改安陸州為承天府。

The following year the court compiled the Veritable Records of the Xingxian emperor and built the World Temple east of the Grand Temple. In the sixth year the cramped Hall of Observing Virtue was rebuilt as the Hall of Honoring the Ancestors. In the seventh year Zhang Cong and others compiled the Great Canon of Ming Moral Relations; on completion the emperor received the extended posthumous title Respectful, Sagacious, Profound, Benevolent, Broad, Solemn, Pure, and Holy Xian Emperor. He wrote the Stele of Xianling himself, renamed Pine Grove Mountain Mount Chunde, ranked it in the earth-altar sacrifices below the Five Marchmounts, and elevated Anlu to Chengtian Prefecture.

十七年，通州同知豐坊請加尊皇考廟號，稱宗以配上帝。九月，加上尊諡知天守道洪德淵仁寬穆純聖恭儉敬文獻皇帝，廟號睿宗，祔太廟，位次武宗上。明堂大享，奉主配天，罷世廟之祭。四十四年，芝生世廟柱，復作玉芝官祀焉。穆宗立，乃罷明堂配享。

In the seventeenth year Assistant Prefect Feng Fang of Tongzhou asked that the emperor's father receive a temple name as "founder" to share heaven's altar. In the ninth month he received the full posthumous title Knowing Heaven, Upholding the Way, Vast Virtue, Profound Benevolence, Broad Solemnity, Pure Holiness, Respectful Frugality, and Cultivated Culture Xian Emperor, temple name Ruizong, enshrined in the Grand Temple above Wuzong. At the Bright Hall he was paired with Heaven in the great sacrifice, and worship at the World Temple ceased. In the forty-fourth year lingzhi fungus appeared on a World Temple pillar, and the Jade-Fungus Shrine was restored. Under the Muzong emperor the Bright Hall pairing rite was abolished.

初，楊廷和等議封益王次子崇仁王厚炫為興王，奉獻帝祀。不允。興國封除。獻帝有長子厚熙，生五日而殤。嘉靖四年贈岳王，諡曰懷獻。

Earlier Yang Tinghe had proposed making Prince Yi's second son, Chongren prince Hou Xuan, Prince of Xing to tend the Xian emperor's cult. The proposal was rejected. The Xing principality was abolished. The Xian emperor's eldest son Houxi died five days after birth. In Jiajing 4 he was posthumously made Prince of Yue with the title Huai Xian.

皇后蔣氏，世宗母也。父斅，大興人，追封玉田伯。弘治五年冊為興王妃。世宗入承大統，即位三日，遣使詣安陸奉迎，而令廷臣議推尊禮。咸謂宜考孝宗，而稱興王為皇叔父，妃為皇叔母。議三上，未決。會妃將至，禮臣上入宮儀，由崇文門入東安門，皇帝迎于東華門。不許。再議由正陽門入大明、承天、端門，從王門入宮。又不許。王門，諸王所出入門也。敕曰：「聖母至，御太后車服，從御道入，朝太廟。」故事：後妃無謁廟禮。禮臣難之。時妃至通州，聞考孝宗，恚曰：「安得以吾子為他人子！」留不進。帝涕泣願避位。群臣以慈壽太后命，改稱興獻後，乃入。以太后儀謁奉先、奉慈二殿，不廟見。元年改稱興國太后。三年乃上尊號曰本生章聖皇太后。是年秋，用張璁等言，尊為聖母章聖皇太后。五年，獻帝世廟成，奉太后入謁。七年，上尊號曰慈仁。九年，頒太后所制《女訓》於天下。十五年，奉太后謁天壽山陵，命諸臣進賀行殿。是年加上尊號曰康靜貞壽。

Empress Jiang was the Jiajing emperor's mother. Her father Jiao came from Daxing and was posthumously made Earl of Yutian. In Hongzhi 5 she was invested as Princess of Xing. Three days after Jiajing succeeded the throne he sent envoys to Anlu to fetch her and ordered the court to debate her honors. Officials agreed he should worship Xiaozong and call the Xing prince "Imperial Uncle Father" and his consort "Imperial Aunt Mother." Three memorials brought no decision. As she approached, ritualists proposed entry through Chongwen and Dong'an gates with the emperor greeting her at Donghua Gate. Jiajing refused. A second plan had her enter by Zhengyang Gate through Daming, Chengtian, and Duanyang, then by the Prince's Gate. That too was refused. The Prince's Gate was reserved for princes. An edict ordered: "When the Holy Mother arrives she shall wear empress-dowager regalia, take the imperial roadway, and worship at the Grand Temple. Precedent held that consorts did not worship at the ancestral temple. The ritualists objected. At Tongzhou she learned Xiaozong would be his ritual father and raged: "How can my son be treated as another man's child! She halted and would not enter the capital. Jiajing wept and offered to abdicate. At Empress Dowager Cishou's command ministers styled her Empress Xingxian, after which she entered. She worshipped at the Halls of Venerating the Ancestors and Cherishing the Kind in dowager rites but did not perform the full temple audience. In Jiajing 1 she was titled Empress Dowager of Xing. In the third year she received the title Biological Holy Mother, Empress Dowager Zhangsheng. That autumn, on Zhang Cong's advice, she was honored as Holy Mother, Empress Dowager Zhangsheng. In the fifth year, when the Xian emperor's World Temple was finished, she was led in to worship. In the seventh year the honorific Ciren was added. In the ninth year her Admonitions for Women was issued empire-wide. In the fifteenth year he took her to worship at Tianshou Mountain and ordered ministers to offer congratulations at the traveling palace. That year the honorific Tranquil, Chaste, and Long-lived was added.

十七年十二月崩，諭禮、工二部將改葬獻皇帝于大峪山，以駙馬都尉京山侯崔元為奉迎行禮使，兵部尚書張瓚為禮儀護行使，指揮趙俊為吉凶儀仗官，翊國公郭勳知聖母山陵事。已，帝親幸大峪相視，令議奉太后南詣合葬。而禮部尚書嚴嵩等言：「靈駕北來，慈宮南詣，共一舉耳。大峪可朝發夕至，顯陵遠在承天，恐陛下春秋念之。臣謂如初議便。」帝曰：「成祖豈不思皇祖耶，何以南孝陵？」因止崔元等毋行，而令趙俊往，且啟視幽宮。是年上尊諡曰慈孝貞順仁敬誠一安天誕聖獻皇后。明年，俊歸，謂顯陵不吉，遂議南巡。九卿大臣許贊等諫。不聽。左都御史王廷相又諫。帝曰：「朕豈空行哉，為吾母耳！」已而侍御呂柟、給事中曾烶、御史劉賢、郎中岳倫等復相繼疏諫。不聽。三月，帝至承天，謁顯陵，作新宮焉，曰：「待合葬也。」歸過慶都，御史謝少南言：「慶都有堯母墓，佚於祀典，請祀之。」帝曰：「帝堯父母異陵，可知合葬非古。」即拜少南左春坊左司直兼翰林院檢討，定議葬大峪山。四月，帝謁長陵，諭嚴嵩曰：「大峪不如純德。」仍命崔元護梓宮南祔。閏七月，合葬顯陵，主祔睿宗廟。

In the twelfth month of the seventeenth year she died. Jiajing ordered the Ministries of Rites and Works to move the Xian emperor to Dayu Mountain, naming Cui Yuan, commandant and Jingshan marquis, welcoming envoy; Zhang Zan, minister of war, ritual escort; Zhao Jun, commander, regalia officer; and Guo Xun, defender of the state, to manage the dowager's tomb. He then inspected Dayu in person and ordered plans to bring the dowager south for joint burial. Minister of Rites Yan Song argued: "The imperial coffin travels north while the Kind Palace goes south—one journey serves both. Dayu lies a day's march away, but Xianling is distant at Chengtian; we fear Your Majesty's advancing years will be burdened by the distance. Your servant thinks the first plan is better. Jiajing replied: "Did the Yongle emperor not honor his grandfather—why keep Xiaoling in the south?" He halted Cui Yuan's mission but sent Zhao Jun to open and inspect the underground palace. That year she received the posthumous title Kind, Filial, Chaste, Obedient, Benevolent, Respectful, Sincere, Unified, Heaven-Bestowing, Sagely Xian Empress. The next year Zhao Jun returned reporting Xianling inauspicious, and a southern tour was proposed. Nine ministers led by Xu Zan remonstrated. Jiajing ignored them. Left censor-in-chief Wang Tingxiang remonstrated again. Jiajing said: "Do you think I travel for sport? This is for my mother! Attendant Lü Zhen, supervising secretary Zeng Yan, censor Liu Xian, section director Yue Lun, and others then memorialized in turn. He still would not listen. In the third month he reached Chengtian, worshipped at Xianling, and built a new palace "to await joint burial. Returning through Qingdu, censor Xie Shaonan noted Yao's mother's tomb there, absent from the canon of sacrifices, and asked that it be enshrined. Jiajing replied: "Emperor Yao's parents lie in separate tombs—joint burial is not ancient practice." He immediately promoted Xie Shaonan to left director of the Eastern Palace and Hanlin examiner, fixing burial at Dayu Mountain. In the fourth month, visiting Changling, he told Yan Song: "Dayu is inferior to Chunde. He still ordered Cui Yuan to escort the coffin south for association. In the intercalary seventh month she was buried with him at Xianling and her spirit tablet joined the Ruizong temple.

贊曰：興宗、睿宗雖未嘗身為天子，而尊號徽稱典禮具備，其實有不容泯者。史者所以記事也，記事必核其名與實。曰宗曰帝者，當時已定之名，名定而實著焉矣。爰據《元史》裕宗、睿宗列傳之例，別為一卷如右，而各以后附焉。

The appraisal notes: Though Xingzong and Ruizong never reigned, their titles and rites were complete and cannot be erased from record. Historians record events, and events require names that match reality. Titles of "founder" and "emperor" were fixed in their day; once named, the reality stands. Following the Yuan History's biographies of Prince Yu and Prince Rui, this separate volume is arranged as above, with each consort treated in turn.

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