Volume 130 Biographies 18: Wu Liang, Kang Maocai, Ding Dexing, Geng Bingwen, Guo Ying, Hua Yunlong, Han Zheng, Chou Cheng, Zhang Long, Wu Fu, Hu Hai, Zhang He, Hua Gao, Zhang Quan, He Zhen

吳良，定遠人。初名國興，賜名良。雄偉剛直。與弟禎俱以勇略聞。從太祖起濠梁，併為帳前先鋒。良能沒水偵探，禎每易服為間諜。禎別有傳。良從取滁、和，戰採石，克太平，下溧水、溧陽，定集慶，功多。又從徐達克鎮江，下常州，進鎮撫，守丹陽。與趙繼祖等取江陰。張士誠兵據秦望山，良攻奪之，遂克江陰。即命為指揮使守之。

Wu Liang came from Dingyuan. Originally named Guoxing, he was given the name Liang by imperial favor. He was a man of imposing stature and uncompromising integrity. He and his younger brother Zhen were both famed for their bravery and strategic skill. When the Founding Emperor raised his banner at Haoliang, Wu Liang and his brother both served as vanguard commanders in his personal guard. Liang could dive underwater on reconnaissance missions, while Zhen often disguised himself to operate as a spy. Zhen is treated in a separate biography. Liang took part in the capture of Chuzhou and Hezhou, fought at Caishi, seized Taiping, subdued Lishui and Liyang, and helped secure Jiqing, earning many distinctions. He then followed Xu Da in capturing Zhenjiang and Changzhou, was promoted to pacification commissioner, and held Danyang. Together with Zhao Jizu and others, he captured Jiangyin. When Zhang Shicheng's forces held Qinwang Mountain, Liang stormed and took it, thereby completing the capture of Jiangyin. He was immediately appointed garrison commander and charged with its defense.

時士誠全據吳，跨淮東、浙西，兵食足。江陰當其要衝，枕大江，扼南北襟喉，士誠數以金帛啖將士，窺釁。太祖諭良曰：「江陰，我東南屏蔽，汝約束士卒，毋外交，毋納逋逃，毋貪小利，毋與爭鋒，惟保境安民而已。」良奉命惟謹，備御修飭。以敗敵功，進樞密院判官。士誠大舉兵來寇，艨艟蔽江，其將蘇同僉駐君山，指畫進兵。良遣弟禎出北門與戰，而潛遣元帥王子明帥壯士馳出南門。合擊，大敗之，俘斬甚眾。敵宵遁。尋復寇常州，良遣兵從間道殲其援兵於無錫。當是時，太祖數自將爭江、楚上流，與陳友諒角，大軍屢出，金陵空虛。士誠不敢北出侵尺寸地，以良在江陰為屏蔽也。

At that time Zhang Shicheng controlled all of Wu, his territory stretching from east of the Huai to western Zhejiang, and his armies were well supplied. Jiangyin lay on a vital route, fronting the Yangtze and commanding the passage between north and south. Zhang Shicheng repeatedly tried to buy off Liang's officers and men with gold and silk, watching for any chance to strike. The Founding Emperor told Liang: "Jiangyin is the shield of our southeast. Keep your men under strict discipline: no dealings with outsiders, no sheltering deserters, no chasing petty gains, and no needless battles—your sole task is to secure the territory and protect the people. Liang carried out these orders to the letter and kept the defenses in excellent repair. For his victories over the enemy, he was promoted to vice director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Zhang Shicheng then launched a major invasion; his warships filled the river, and his general Su Tongqian encamped on Jun Mountain to direct the assault. Liang sent his brother Zhen out the north gate to engage the enemy, while secretly dispatching Marshal Wang Ziming with a force of picked warriors through the south gate. The two forces converged and routed the enemy, capturing and killing a great number. The enemy fled under cover of night. When they soon attacked Changzhou again, Liang sent troops by a hidden route and wiped out their relief column at Wuxi. At that time the Founding Emperor was often away in person, fighting Chen Youliang for control of the upper Yangtze, and with the main army repeatedly deployed elsewhere, Jinling stood largely undefended. Zhang Shicheng dared not push north to seize even a foot of ground, for Liang's presence at Jiangyin blocked his path.

良仁恕儉約，聲色貨利無所好。夜宿城樓，枕戈達旦。訓將練兵，常如寇至。暇則延儒生講論經史，新學宮，立社學。大開屯田，均徭省賦。在境十年，封疆宴然。太祖常召良勞曰：「吳院判保障一方，我無東顧憂，功甚大，車馬珠玉不足旌其勞。」命學士宋濂等為詩文美之，仍遣還鎮。尋大發兵取淮東，克泰州。士誠兵復出馬馱沙，侵鎮江。巨艦數百，溯江而上。良戒嚴以待。太祖親督大軍御之。士誠兵遁，追至浮子門。良出兵夾擊，獲卒二千。太祖詣江陰勞軍，周巡壁壘，嘆曰：「良，今之吳起也！」吳平，加昭勇大將軍、蘇州衛指揮使，移鎮蘇州。武備益修，軍民輯睦。進都督僉事，移守全州。洪武三年進都督同知，封江陰侯，食祿千五百石，予世券。

Liang was humane, forgiving, and frugal, with no taste for luxury, pleasure, or gain. He slept on the city walls at night, weapon in hand, until dawn. In drilling officers and training troops, he always maintained the discipline of imminent battle. In quieter moments he invited scholars to lecture on the classics and histories, built a new academy, and established community schools. He greatly expanded military farming, equalized corvée burdens, and lightened taxes. Throughout the ten years he held the post, the frontier remained undisturbed. The Founding Emperor often summoned Liang to express his gratitude, saying: "Vice Director Wu, you have secured this whole region for me, and I need no longer worry about the east. Your service has been immense—carriages, horses, pearls, and jade are not enough to honor it. He ordered Academician Song Lian and others to compose poems and essays in his honor, then sent him back to his post. Soon afterward a major campaign was launched to seize eastern Huai, and Taizhou was taken. Zhang Shicheng's forces again advanced from Matuosha and threatened Zhenjiang. Several hundred large warships sailed up the Yangtze. Liang stood the garrison at full alert. The Founding Emperor came in person to lead the main army against them. Zhang Shicheng's forces fled, and the pursuit carried as far as Fuzi Gate. Liang sent out troops to attack from both flanks and took two thousand prisoners. The Founding Emperor visited Jiangyin to review the troops, inspected the fortifications, and exclaimed: "Liang is the Wu Qi of our age! After Wu was pacified, he was promoted to General of Manifest Courage and appointed commander of the Suzhou Guard, with his headquarters moved to Suzhou. He further strengthened the defenses, and army and populace lived in harmony. He was promoted to vice commissioner of the chief military commission and transferred to garrison Quanzhou. In the third year of the Hongwu reign he was promoted to assistant commissioner-in-chief, enfeoffed as Marquis of Jiangyin with an income of fifteen hundred shi of grain, and granted a hereditary patent of nobility.

四年討靖州、綏寧諸蠻。五年，廣西蠻叛，副征南將軍鄧愈帥平章李伯升出靖州討之。數月，盡平左右兩江及五溪之地，移兵入銅鼓、五開，收潭溪，開太平，殲清洞、崖山之眾於銅關鐵寨。諸蠻皆震懾，內附，粵西遂平。八年督田鳳陽。十二年，齊王封青州。王妃，良女也，遂命良往建王府。十四年卒於青，年五十八。贈江國公，諡襄烈。

In the fourth year he campaigned against the tribal peoples of Jingzhou, Suining, and neighboring areas. In the fifth year, when the tribes of Guangxi rose in revolt, he served as deputy to the southern expeditionary general Deng Yu and marched from Jingzhou with Pacification Commissioner Li Bosheng to suppress them. Within a few months they had pacified the territories of the Left and Right Rivers and the Five Streams, then pushed into Tonggu and Wukai, recovered Tanxi, opened Taiping, and destroyed the forces of Qingdong and Yashan at Tongguan and Tiezhai. The tribal peoples were awed into submission, and western Guangdong was fully pacified. In the eighth year he oversaw agricultural colonies at Fengyang. In the twelfth year the Prince of Qi was granted his fief at Qingzhou. The prince's consort was Liang's daughter, and he was therefore ordered to Qingzhou to build the princely residence. In the fourteenth year he died at Qingzhou, aged fifty-eight. He was posthumously ennobled as Duke of Jiang, with the posthumous name Xianglie.

康茂才

Kang Maocai

康茂才，字壽卿，蘄人。通經史大義。事母孝。元末寇亂陷蘄，結義兵保鄉里。立功，自長官累遷淮西宣慰司、都元帥。

Kang Maocai, whose style was Shouqing, came from Qi. He was well versed in the essential teachings of the classics and histories. He was devoted in his care for his mother. When bandit armies overran Qi in the final years of the Yuan, he raised a local militia to defend his home district. For his service he rose from district magistrate through successive promotions to commissioner of the Huaidong Pacification Commission and grand marshal.

太祖既渡江，將士家屬留和州。時茂才移戍採石，扼江渡。太祖遣兵數攻之，茂才力守。常遇春設伏殲其精銳。茂才復立寨天寧洲，又破之。奔集慶，太祖克集慶，乃帥所部兵降。太祖釋之，命統所部從征。明年授秦淮翼水軍元帥，守龍灣。取江陰馬馱沙，敗張士誠兵，獲其樓船。從廖永安攻池州，取樅陽。太祖以軍興，民失農業，命茂才為都水營田使，仍兼帳前總制親兵左副指揮使。

After the Founding Emperor crossed the Yangtze, the families of his officers and soldiers were left at Hezhou. At that time Maocai moved his garrison to Caishi to block the river crossing. The Founding Emperor sent troops against him repeatedly, but Maocai held firm. Chang Yuchun laid an ambush and wiped out his crack troops. Maocai rebuilt his camp on Tianning Isle, only to be defeated again. He fled to Jiqing, and when the Founding Emperor took the city, he surrendered with his forces. The Founding Emperor spared him and ordered him to lead his former troops on campaign. The following year he was appointed marshal of the Qinhuai Wing Navy and posted to garrison Longwan. He seized Matuosha near Jiangyin, defeated Zhang Shicheng's forces, and captured his tower ships. He followed Liao Yong'an in the attack on Chizhou and captured Zongyang. Because the wars had disrupted farming, the Founding Emperor appointed Maocai director of waterworks and military colonies, while retaining his concurrent post as left vice commander of the personal guard.

陳友諒既陷太平，謀約張士誠合攻應天。太祖欲其速來，破之。知茂才與友諒有舊，命遣僕持書，紿為內應。友諒大喜，問：「康公安在？」曰：「守江東木橋。」使歸，太祖易橋以石。友諒至，見橋，愕然，連呼「老康」，莫應。退至龍灣，伏兵四起。茂才合諸將奮擊，大破之。太祖嘉茂才功，賜賚甚厚。明年，太祖親征友諒，茂才以舟師從克安慶，破江州，友諒西遁。遂下蘄州、興國、漢陽。沿流克黃梅寨，取瑞昌，敗友諒八指揮，降士卒二萬人。遷帳前親兵副都指揮使。攻左君弼廬州，未下。從援南昌，戰彭蠡，友諒敗死。從征武昌，皆有功。進金吾侍衛親軍都護。從大將軍徐達再攻廬州，克之，取江陵及湖南諸路。改神武衛指揮使，進大都督府副使。士誠攻江陰，太祖自將擊之。比至鎮江，士誠已焚瓜洲遁。茂才追北至浮子門。吳軍遮海口，乘潮來薄。茂才力戰，大敗之。搗淮安馬騾港，拔其水寨，淮安平。尋拔湖州，進逼平江。士誠遣銳卒迎斗，大戰尹山橋。茂才持大戟督戰，盡覆敵眾。與諸將合圍其城，軍齊門。平江下，還取無錫。遷同知大都督府事兼太子右率府使。

After Chen Youliang captured Taiping, he planned to join Zhang Shicheng in a combined assault on Yingtian. The Founding Emperor wanted him to come quickly so that he could be destroyed. Knowing that Maocai had old ties with Youliang, he had a servant deliver a letter falsely offering to act as an inside collaborator. Youliang was delighted and asked: "Where is Lord Kang? The reply came: "He is holding the wooden bridge east of the river." Once the messenger had returned, the Founding Emperor replaced the wooden bridge with a stone one. When Youliang arrived and saw the bridge, he was stunned and called out repeatedly for "Old Kang," but received no answer. As he withdrew toward Longwan, ambush troops sprang up on every side. Maocai joined the other generals in a fierce assault and routed the enemy completely. The Founding Emperor praised Maocai's service and rewarded him handsomely. The following year the Founding Emperor led a personal campaign against Youliang; Maocai accompanied him with the fleet, helped capture Anqing and break Jiangzhou, and drove Youliang west in flight. They then took Qizhou, Xingguo, and Hanyang. Moving downstream they captured Huangmei Stockade and Ruichang, defeated Youliang's Eight Commanders, and accepted the surrender of twenty thousand troops. He was promoted to deputy commander of the personal guard. He besieged Luzhou, held by Zuo Junbi, but failed to take it. He joined the relief of Nanchang, fought at Lake Poyang, and Youliang was defeated and killed. He took part in the campaign against Wuchang and distinguished himself throughout. He was promoted to protector of the Golden Guard Personal Army. He followed Grand General Xu Da in a renewed assault on Luzhou, took the city, and then captured Jiangling and the routes of Hunan. He was reassigned as commander of the Shenwu Guard and promoted to vice director of the chief military commission. When Zhang Shicheng attacked Jiangyin, the Founding Emperor led troops against him in person. By the time he reached Zhenjiang, Zhang Shicheng had already burned Guazhou and fled. Maocai pursued north as far as Fuzi Gate. Wu forces blocked the river mouth and, riding the tide, pressed in to attack. Maocai fought fiercely and routed them completely. He struck Maluo Harbor at Huai'an, captured the water fort, and pacified the city. He soon captured Huzhou and advanced to threaten Pingjiang. Zhang Shicheng sent elite troops to meet them, and a major battle was fought at Yinshan Bridge. Maocai fought at the front with a great halberd and completely destroyed the enemy force. Together with the other generals he completed the encirclement of the city, encamping at Qimen Gate. After Pingjiang fell, he returned and captured Wuxi. He was promoted to vice director of the chief military commission and concurrently appointed director of the crown prince's right guard.

子鐸，年十歲，入侍皇太子讀書大本堂。以父功封蘄春侯，食祿一千五百石，予世券。督民墾田鳳陽。帥兵征辰州蠻，平施、疊諸州。從大將軍達北征。又從征南將軍傅友德征雲南，克普定，破華楚山諸寨。卒於軍，年二十三。追封蘄國公，諡忠愍。

His son Duo, aged ten, entered the Hall of Great Principles to attend the crown prince in his studies. For his father's service he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Qichun with an income of fifteen hundred shi of grain and granted a hereditary patent of nobility. He supervised the reclamation of farmland at Fengyang. He led troops against the tribal peoples of Chenzhou and pacified the prefectures of Shi, Die, and others. He joined Grand General Xu Da on the northern expedition. He also followed the southern expeditionary general Fu Youde into Yunnan, captured Puding, and destroyed the stockades around Huachu Mountain. He died on campaign, aged twenty-three. He was posthumously ennobled as Duke of Qi, with the posthumous name Zhongmin.

子淵幼未襲，授散騎舍人。已，坐事革冠服，勒居山西，遂不得嗣。弘治末，錄茂才後為世襲千戶。

His son Yuan was still too young to inherit the title and was appointed attendant cavalier. Later he was punished for an offense, stripped of his rank and compelled to live in Shanxi, and thus never inherited the title. At the end of the Hongzhi reign, Maocai's descendants were recognized and granted a hereditary command of a thousand-household unit.

丁德興

Ding Dexing

丁德興，定遠人。歸太祖於濠。偉其狀貌，以「黑丁」呼之。從取洪山寨，以百騎破賊數千，盡降其眾。從克滁、和，敗青山盜。從渡江，拔採石，取太平，分兵取溧水、溧陽，皆先登。從破蠻子海牙水寨，搗方山營，擒陳兆先，下集慶，取鎮江。以功進管軍總管。下金壇、廣德、寧國。從平常州。擢左翼元帥。寧國復叛，從胡大海復之。分兵下江陰，取徽州、石埭、池州、樅陽，攻江州，移兵擊安慶。所向皆捷。復援江陰，略江西傍近州縣，攻雙刀趙，挫其鋒。時徐達、邵榮攻宜興，久不下，太祖遣使謂曰：「宜興城西通太湖口，士誠餉道所由，斷其餉則必破。」達乃遣德興絕太湖口，而並力急攻，城遂拔。論功授鳳翔衛指揮使。洪武帝曾稱其乃“攻無不克，戰無不勝之虎將也”。

Ding Dexing came from Dingyuan. He joined the Founding Emperor at Hao. Struck by his imposing appearance, they nicknamed him "Black Ding." He took part in the capture of Hongshan Stockade, where with a hundred horsemen he routed several thousand bandits and accepted their full surrender. He helped capture Chuzhou and Hezhou and defeated the bandits of Qingshan. He crossed the Yangtze with the army, seized Caishi and Taiping, and with detached forces took Lishui and Liyang, being first over the walls in every assault. He helped break Manzi Haiya's water fort, stormed the camp at Fang Mountain, captured Chen Zhaoxian, took Jiqing, and captured Zhenjiang. For his service he was promoted to commander-in-chief of the army. He captured Jintan, Guangde, and Ningguo. He took part in the pacification of Changzhou. He was promoted to marshal of the left wing. When Ningguo rose in revolt again, he followed Hu Dahai in retaking it. With detached forces he took Jiangyin, Huizhou, Shizhi, Chizhou, and Zongyang, attacked Jiangzhou, and then shifted his troops to strike Anqing. Wherever he marched he was victorious. He again relieved Jiangyin, raided neighboring prefectures and counties in Jiangxi, attacked the bandit leader Double-Saber Zhao, and blunted his advance. At that time Xu Da and Shao Rong were besieging Yixing without success. The Founding Emperor sent word: "West of Yixing lies the outlet to Lake Tai, the route by which Zhang Shicheng's supplies pass. Cut off his supplies and the city will surely fall. Xu Da then sent Dexing to block the Lake Tai outlet while pressing the assault with full force, and the city fell. For his service he was appointed commander of the Fengxiang Guard. Emperor Hongwu once called him "a tiger general who never failed to conquer in attack or to win in battle."

耿炳文

Geng Bingwen

耿炳文，濠人。父君用，從太祖渡江，積功為管軍總管。援宜興，與張士誠兵爭柵，力戰死。炳文襲職，領其軍。取廣德，進攻長興，敗士誠將趙打虎，獲戰船三百余艘，擒其守將李福安等，遂克長興。長興據太湖口，陸通廣德，與宣、歙接壤，為江、浙門戶。太祖既得其地，大喜，改為長安州，立永興翼元帥府，以炳文為總兵都元帥，守之。溫祥卿者，多智數。避亂來歸，炳文引入幕府，畫守御計甚悉。張士誠左丞潘元明、元帥嚴再興帥師來爭。炳文奮擊，大敗去。久之，士誠復遣司徒李伯升帥眾十萬，水陸進攻。城中兵七千，太祖患之，命陳德、華高、費聚往援。伯升夜劫營，諸將皆潰。炳文嬰城固守，攻甚急，隨方御之，不解甲者月余。常遇春復帥援兵至，伯升棄營遁，追斬五千余人。其明年，改永興翼元帥府為永興衛親軍指揮使司，以炳文為使。已而士誠大發兵，遣其弟士信復來爭。炳文又敗之，獲其元帥宋興祖。士信憤甚，益兵圍城。炳文與費聚出戰，又大敗之。長興為士誠必爭地，炳文拒守凡十年，以寡御眾，大小數十戰，戰無不勝，士誠迄不得逞。大軍伐士誠，炳文將所部克湖州，圍平江。吳平，進大都督府僉事。

Geng Bingwen came from Hao. His father Junyong crossed the Yangtze with the Founding Emperor and through accumulated service rose to commander-in-chief of the army. While relieving Yixing he fought Zhang Shicheng's troops over the palisades and died in fierce combat. Bingwen inherited his father's post and took command of the army. He captured Guangde, then advanced on Changxing, defeated Zhang Shicheng's general Zhao Dahu, seized more than three hundred warships, captured the garrison commanders Li Fu'an and others, and took the city. Changxing commanded the Lake Tai outlet, was linked by land to Guangde, bordered Xuancheng and Shezhou, and formed the gateway to Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Delighted to have secured the territory, the Founding Emperor renamed it Chang'an Prefecture, established the Yongxing Wing Marshal's Headquarters, and appointed Bingwen grand marshal to garrison it. Wen Xiangqing was a man of considerable shrewdness. Fleeing the chaos, he came to join Bingwen, who brought him onto his staff and worked out defensive plans in meticulous detail. Zhang Shicheng's left chancellor Pan Yuanming and Marshal Yan Zaixing led troops to contest the city. Bingwen fought fiercely and routed them completely. Some time later Zhang Shicheng sent Minister of Education Li Bosheng with a hundred thousand men to attack by land and sea. With only seven thousand troops in the city, the Founding Emperor was alarmed and ordered Chen De, Hua Gao, and Fei Ju to go to their aid. Bosheng raided the camp by night and routed the relief force completely. Bingwen held the city under siege, repelling every assault for more than a month without once removing his armor. When Chang Yuchun arrived with relief troops, Bosheng abandoned his camp and fled; more than five thousand of his men were pursued and killed. The following year the Yongxing Wing Marshal's Headquarters was reorganized as the Yongxing Guard Personal Army Command, with Bingwen as its commander. Before long Zhang Shicheng mobilized a large force and sent his younger brother Shixin to contest the city again. Bingwen defeated them again and captured their marshal Song Xingzu. Enraged, Shixin reinforced his army and tightened the siege. Bingwen and Fei Ju sallied forth and routed them again. Changxing was territory Zhang Shicheng was determined to hold. For ten years Bingwen defended it with inferior numbers, fighting several dozen engagements large and small without a single defeat, and Zhang Shicheng never achieved his aim. When the main army marched against Zhang Shicheng, Bingwen led his forces to capture Huzhou and besiege Pingjiang. After Wu was pacified, he was promoted to commissioner of the chief military commission.

從征中原，克山東沂、嶧諸州。下汴梁，徇河南，扈駕北巡。已，又從常遇春取大同，克晉、冀。從大將軍徐達征陝西，走李思齊、張思道，即鎮其地。浚涇陽洪渠十萬余丈，民賴其利。尋拜秦王左相都督僉事。

He joined the campaign into the Central Plains and captured the Shandong prefectures of Yi and Yi. He took Bianliang, swept through Henan, and escorted the emperor on his northern tour. He then followed Chang Yuchun in taking Datong and capturing Shanxi and Hebei. He followed Grand General Xu Da into Shaanxi, drove off Li Siqi and Zhang Sidao, and was posted to garrison the region. He dredged more than a hundred thousand zhang of the Hong Canal at Jingyang, to the great benefit of the people. He was soon appointed left chancellor to the Prince of Qin and commissioner of the chief military commission.

洪武三年，封長興侯，食祿千五百石，予世券。十四年，從大將軍出塞，破元平章乃兒不花於北黃河。十九年從潁國公傅龍德征雲南，討平曲靖蠻。二十一年從永昌侯藍玉北征，至捕魚兒海。二十五年帥兵平陝西徽州妖人之亂。三十年以征西將軍擒蜀寇高福興，俘三千人。

In the third year of the Hongwu reign he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Changxing with an income of fifteen hundred shi of grain and granted a hereditary patent of nobility. In the fourteenth year he joined the grand general on a campaign beyond the frontier and defeated the Yuan pacification commissioner Na'er Buhua at the Northern Yellow River. In the nineteenth year he followed Duke of Ying Fu Youde into Yunnan and suppressed the tribal peoples of Qujing. In the twenty-first year he joined Marquis of Yongchang Lan Yu on the northern expedition as far as Lake Buyur. In the twenty-fifth year he led troops to suppress the sorcerers' rebellion in Huizhou, Shaanxi. In the thirtieth year, as western expeditionary general, he captured the Sichuan rebel Gao Fuxing and took three thousand prisoners.

始，炳文守長興，功最高，太祖榜列功臣，以炳文附大將軍達為一等。及洪武末年，諸公、侯且盡，存者惟炳文及武定侯郭英二人；而炳文以元功宿將，為朝廷所倚重。

When Bingwen held Changxing, his service ranked highest among the founders; the Founding Emperor posted a list of meritorious ministers and placed Bingwen, grouped with Grand General Xu Da, in the first rank. By the end of the Hongwu reign nearly all the founding dukes and marquises were dead; only Bingwen and Marquis of Wuding Guo Ying remained; and Bingwen, as a founding veteran of the highest rank, was deeply relied upon by the court.

建文元年，燕王兵起。帝命炳文為大將軍，帥副將軍李堅、寧忠北伐，時年六十有五矣。兵號三十萬，至者惟十三萬。八月次真定，分營滹沱河南北。都督徐凱軍河間，潘忠、楊松駐鄚州，先鋒九千人駐雄縣。值中秋，不設備，為燕王所襲，九千人皆死。忠等來援，過月漾橋，伏發水中。忠、松俱被執，不屈死。鄚州陷。而炳文部將張保者降燕，備告南軍虛實。燕王縱保歸，使張雄、鄚敗狀，謂：「北軍且至。」於是炳文移軍盡渡河，並力當敵。軍甫移，燕兵驟至，循城蹴擊。炳文軍不得成列，敗入城。爭門，門塞，蹈藉死者不可數計。燕兵遂圍城。炳文眾尚十萬，堅守不出。燕王知炳文老將，未易下，越三日，解圍還。而帝驟聞炳文敗，憂甚。太常卿黃子澄遂薦李景隆為大將軍，乘傳代炳文。比至軍，燕師已先一日去。炳文歸，景隆代將，竟至於敗。

In the first year of the Jianwen reign, the Prince of Yan rose in rebellion. The emperor appointed Bingwen grand general and sent him north with vice generals Li Jian and Ning Zhong; he was then sixty-five years old. The army was said to number three hundred thousand, but only one hundred thirty thousand actually arrived. In the eighth month he encamped at Zhending and divided his forces north and south of the Hutuo River. Commissioner-in-chief Xu Kai was posted at Hejian; Pan Zhong and Yang Song held Mozhou; and nine thousand vanguard troops were stationed at Xiong County. It was the Mid-Autumn Festival and they were unprepared; the Prince of Yan raided them and all nine thousand were killed. Zhong and the others came to their relief, but as they crossed Moon-Wave Bridge, ambush troops sprang up from the water. Zhong and Song were both captured and, refusing to submit, were put to death. Mozhou fell. Meanwhile Bingwen's subordinate Zhang Bao defected to the Prince of Yan and revealed the full disposition of the southern army. The Prince of Yan sent Bao back with Zhang Xiong to report the defeat at Mozhou, saying: "The northern army is about to arrive. Believing this, Bingwen moved his entire army across the river to confront the enemy with full force. His army had barely moved when Yan forces suddenly appeared and struck along the city wall. Bingwen's troops could not form ranks and were driven back into the city in defeat. In the scramble for the gates the exits were jammed, and countless men were trampled to death. The Yan troops then besieged the city. Bingwen still had a hundred thousand men and held the city without sallying forth. Knowing Bingwen was a veteran not easily defeated, the Prince of Yan lifted the siege after three days and withdrew. When the emperor suddenly heard of Bingwen's defeat, he was deeply alarmed. Chief Minister of Ceremonies Huang Zicheng then recommended Li Jinglong as grand general and sent him by relay post to replace Bingwen. By the time he reached the army, the Yan forces had already withdrawn the day before. Bingwen returned home; Jinglong took command in his place and ultimately led the army to ruin.

燕王稱帝之明年，刑部尚書鄭賜、都御史陳瑛劾炳文衣服器皿有龍鳳飾，玉帶用紅鞓，僭妄不道。炳文懼，自殺。

The year after the Prince of Yan proclaimed himself emperor, Minister of Justice Zheng Ci and Censor-in-Chief Chen Ying impeached Bingwen for wearing clothing and using vessels adorned with dragon and phoenix motifs, for wearing a jade belt with red lacings, and for presumptuous and treasonous conduct. Bingwen, in fear, took his own life.

子璿，前軍都督僉事。尚懿文太子長女江都公主。炳文北伐，璿嘗勸直搗北平。炳文受代歸，不復用，璿憤甚。永樂初，杜門稱疾，坐罪死。

His son Xuan served as vice commissioner of the vanguard army command. He married Princess Jiangdu, eldest daughter of Crown Prince Yiwen. During Bingwen's northern expedition, Xuan urged a direct assault on Beiping. When Bingwen was relieved of command and sent home, never to be employed again, Xuan was filled with bitter anger. Early in the Yongle reign he shut himself indoors, feigning illness, and was convicted and executed.

璿弟瓛，後軍都督僉事。與江陰侯吳高、都指揮楊文帥遼東兵圍永平，不克，退保山海關。高被間，徙廣西。文守遼東，瓛數請攻永平以動北平，文不聽。後與弟尚寶司卿瑄，皆坐罪死。

Xuan's younger brother Huan served as vice commissioner of the rear army command. With Marquis of Jiangyin Wu Gao and Regional Commander Yang Wen, he led Liaodong troops to besiege Yongping; failing to capture it, they fell back to defend Shanhaiguan. Gao fell prey to slander and was transferred to Guangxi. Wen remained in charge of Liaodong, and Huan repeatedly urged an attack on Yongping to threaten Beiping, but Wen refused. Later he and his younger brother, who served as chief minister of the Court of Imperial Seals, were both convicted and executed.

郭英，鞏昌侯興弟也。年十八，與興同事太祖。親信，令值宿帳中，呼為「郭四」。從克滁、和、採石、太平，征陳友諒，戰鄱陽湖，皆與有功。從征武昌，陳氏驍將陳同僉持槊突入，太祖呼英殺之，衣以戰袍。攻岳州，敗其援兵，還克廬州、襄陽。授驍騎衛千戶。克淮安、濠州、安豐，進指揮僉事。從徐達定中原，又從常遇春攻太原，走擴廓，下興州、大同。至沙淨州渡河。取西安、鳳翔、鞏昌、慶陽，追敗駕宗哲於亂山，遷本衛指揮副使。進克定西，討察罕腦兒。克登寧州，斬首二千級，進河南都指揮使。時英女弟為寧妃，英將赴鎮，命妃餞英於第，賜白金二十罌，廄馬二十匹。在鎮綏輯流亡，申明約束，境內大治。九年移鎮北平。十三年召還，進前軍都督府僉事。

Guo Ying was the younger brother of Marquis of Gongchang Guo Xing. At eighteen he and his brother Xing entered the Founding Emperor's service together. Deeply trusted, he was ordered to stand night watch in the imperial tent and was affectionately called "Guo Four." He took part in the capture of Chu, He, Caishi, and Taiping, in the campaign against Chen Youliang, and in the battle of Poyang Lake, distinguishing himself in each. During the campaign against Wuchang, Chen Youliang's fierce general Chen Tongqian burst in wielding a spear; the Founding Emperor called on Ying to kill him and rewarded him with a battle robe. He assaulted Yuezhou, routed its relief army, and went on to capture Luzhou and Xiangyang. He was appointed battalion commander of the Valiant Cavalry Guard. After capturing Huai'an, Haozhou, and Anfeng, he was promoted to vice commander. He followed Xu Da in pacifying the Central Plain, then served under Chang Yuchun at Taiyuan, drove off Köke Temür, and took Xingzhou and Datong. He reached Shajing and crossed the Yellow River. He captured Xi'an, Fengxiang, Gongchang, and Qingyang, pursued and routed Jia Zongzhe at Luanshan, and was promoted to deputy commander of his guard. He advanced to capture Dingxi and campaigned against Chakhan Temür. He captured Ningzhou, took two thousand heads, and was promoted to regional commander of Henan. At that time Ying's younger sister was Consort Ning; as Ying prepared to take up his command, the consort was ordered to host a farewell feast for him at his residence, and he was granted twenty jars of silver and twenty horses from the imperial stables. At his post he resettled refugees, enforced discipline, and brought the region to good order. In the ninth year he was transferred to command at Beiping. In the thirteenth year he was recalled to court and promoted to vice commissioner of the vanguard army command.

十四年，從潁川侯傅友德征雲南，與陳桓、胡海分道進攻赤水河路。久雨，河水暴漲。英斬木為筏，乘夜濟。比曉，抵賊營，賊大驚潰。擒烏撒並阿容等。攻克曲靖、陸涼、越州、關索嶺、椅子寨。降大理、金齒、廣南，平諸山寨。十六年復從友德平蒙化、鄧川，濟金沙，取北勝、麗江。前後斬首一萬三千余級，生擒二千余人，收精甲數萬，船千余艘。十七年論平雲南功，封武定侯，食祿二千五百石，予世券。

In the fourteenth year he followed Marquis of Yingchuan Fu Youde on the Yunnan campaign, advancing by separate routes along the Chishui River with Chen Huan and Hu Hai. Prolonged rains had swollen the river to flood. Ying felled trees to build rafts and crossed under cover of night. By dawn he had reached the rebel camp; the enemy panicked and fled. He captured Wusa, A-Rong, and others. He stormed and took Qujing, Luliang, Yuezhou, Guansuo Ridge, and Yizi Stockade. Dali, Jinchi, and Guangnan submitted, and the mountain stockades were pacified. In the sixteenth year he again followed Youde to pacify Menghua and Dengchuan, crossed the Jinsha River, and captured Beisheng and Lijiang. In all he took more than thirteen thousand heads, captured over two thousand men alive, seized tens of thousands of suits of fine armor, and more than a thousand boats. In the seventeenth year, for his service in pacifying Yunnan, he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Wuding with an income of twenty-five hundred shi of grain and granted a hereditary patent of nobility.

英孝友，通書史，行師有紀律，以忠謹見親於太祖。又以寧妃故，恩寵尤渥，諸功臣莫敢望焉。

Ying was filial and loyal to his kin, well read in history, and disciplined in command; the Founding Emperor held him in special affection for his loyalty and prudence. Because of his ties to Consort Ning, his favor was especially great, and none of the founding ministers could compare.

勛桀黠有智數，頗涉書史。正德中，鎮兩廣，入掌三千營。世宗初，掌團營。大禮議起，勛知上意，首右張璁，世宗大愛幸之。勛怙寵，頗驕恣。大學士楊一清惡之，因其賕請事覺，罷營務，奪保傅官階。一清罷，仍總五軍營，董四郊興造。明年督團營。十八年兼領後府。從幸承天，請以五世祖英侑享太廟。廷臣持不可，侍郎唐胄爭尤力。帝不聽，英竟得侑享。其明年，獻皇稱宗，入太廟，進勛翊國公，加太師。先是，妖人李福達自言能化藥物為金銀。勛與相暱。福達敗，力持其獄，廷臣多得罪者。至是復進方士段朝用，雲以其所化金銀為飲食器，可不死。帝益以為忠。給事中戚賢劾勛擅作威福，網利虐民諸事。李鳳來等復以為言。下有司勘，勛京師店舍多至千余區。副都御史胡守中又劾勛以族叔郭憲理刑東廠，肆虐無辜。帝置勿治。會帝用言官言，給勛敕，與兵部尚書王廷相、遂安伯陳譓同清軍役。敕具，勛不領。言官劾其作威植黨。勛疏辯，有「何必更勞賜敕」語。帝乃大怒，責其「強悖無人臣禮」。於是給事中高時盡發勛奸利事，且言交通張延齡。帝益怒，下勛錦衣獄。二十年九月也。尋諭鎮撫司勿加刑訊。奏上，當勛死罪。帝令法司覆勘。而給事中劉大直復勘勛亂政十二罪，請並治。法司乃盡實諸疏中罪狀，當勛罪絞。帝令詳議。法司更當勛不軌罪斬，沒入妻孥田宅。奏上，留中不下。帝意欲寬勛，屢示意指。而廷臣惡勛甚，謬為不喻者，更坐勛重辟。明年考察言官，特旨貶高時二級，以風廷臣，廷臣終莫為勛請。其冬，勛死獄中。帝憐之，責法司淹系。褫刑部尚書吳山職，侍郎都御史以下鐫降有差，而免勛籍沒，僅奪誥券而已。

Xun was fierce, shrewd, and clever, with a fair grounding in books and history. During the Zhengde reign he commanded the Two Guangs and was appointed to lead the Three Thousand Battalion. Early in the Jiajing reign he took command of the regiment battalions. When the Great Rites Controversy erupted, Xun divined the emperor's wishes and was first to side with Zhang Cong; the Jiajing Emperor came to favor him deeply. Secure in imperial favor, Xun grew arrogant and overbearing. Grand Secretary Yang Yiqing detested him; when a bribery scandal came to light, Xun was removed from battalion command and stripped of his guardian-tutor titles. After Yiqing's dismissal, Xun again took overall command of the Five Armies Battalions and oversaw construction at the four suburban altars. The following year he was put in charge of the regiment battalions. In the eighteenth year he also took charge of the rear army command. On the imperial visit to Chengtian, he petitioned that his fifth-generation ancestor Ying be granted joint enshrinement at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Court ministers objected strenuously, and Vice Minister Tang You led the opposition. The emperor would not heed them, and Ying was granted joint enshrinement after all. The following year the Offered Emperor was enshrined as an imperial ancestor in the Grand Temple; Xun was promoted to Duke Who Supports the State and given the title Grand Preceptor. Earlier, the sorcerer Li Fuda had claimed he could transmute elixirs into gold and silver. Xun was on close terms with him. When Fuda fell, Xun vigorously defended him, and many court ministers suffered for it. He now introduced the alchemist Duan Chaoyong, claiming that food and drink taken from vessels of his transmuted gold and silver would grant immortality. The emperor regarded him as all the more loyal. Supervising Secretary Qi Xian impeached Xun for abusing power, extorting profit, and oppressing the people, among other offenses. Li Fenglai and others raised the matter again. The matter was referred for investigation, and Xun's shops and houses in the capital were found to number more than a thousand. Vice Censor-in-Chief Hu Shouzhong also impeached Xun for placing his clansman Guo Xian in charge of judicial matters at the Eastern Depot and terrorizing the innocent. The emperor set the charges aside and took no action. When the emperor heeded the remonstrators, he issued an edict to Xun, Wang Tingxiang as Minister of War, and Earl of Suian Chen Kui to reform military corvée obligations. When the edict was issued, Xun refused to accept it. The remonstrators impeached him for abusing authority and building a faction. Xun submitted a defense in which he wrote, "Why trouble yourself further to grant an edict?" The emperor flew into a rage and rebuked him for being "obstinate, defiant, and devoid of a subject's propriety." Supervising Secretary Gao Shi then laid bare all of Xun's corrupt profiteering and accused him of collusion with Zhang Yanling. The emperor's anger deepened, and Xun was thrown into the Embroidered Uniform Guard prison. This was in the ninth month of the twentieth year of Jiajing. Soon afterward the emperor ordered the prison directorate not to torture him under interrogation. When the report was submitted, Xun was found liable to death. The emperor ordered the judicial offices to reinvestigate. Supervising Secretary Liu Dazhi added twelve counts of governmental misconduct against Xun and asked that all be prosecuted together. The judicial offices verified every charge in the memorials and sentenced Xun to strangulation. The emperor ordered further deliberation. The judicial offices then sentenced Xun to decapitation for treason and ordered the confiscation of his family, lands, and property. When the report was submitted, the emperor kept it at court and issued no decision. The emperor wished to spare Xun and repeatedly signaled his intent. But the court ministers hated Xun bitterly; pretending not to understand the emperor's hints, they imposed an even harsher sentence. The following year, during the review of remonstrating officials, a special edict demoted Gao Shi two ranks as a warning to the court, yet no minister ever pleaded for Xun. That winter Xun died in prison. The emperor took pity on him and rebuked the judicial offices for keeping him imprisoned so long. He stripped Minister of Justice Wu Shan of office; vice ministers, censors-in-chief, and officials below were demoted in varying degrees; yet Xun's property was spared confiscation, and only his patent of nobility was revoked.

自明興以來，勛臣不與政事。惟勛以挾恩寵、擅朝權、恣為奸慝致敗。勛死數年，其子守乾嗣侯，傳至曾孫培民。崇禎末，死於賊。

Since the founding of the dynasty, meritorious nobles had not been involved in governance. Xun alone, by trading on imperial favor, monopolizing court power, and committing wickedness at will, brought ruin upon himself. Several years after Xun's death, his son Shouqian inherited the marquisate, and the title passed down to his great-grandson Peimin. At the end of the Chongzhen reign he was killed by rebels.

華雲龍

Hua Yunlong

華雲龍，定遠人。聚眾居韭山。太祖起兵，來歸。從克滁、和，為千夫長。從渡江，破採石水寨及方山營。下集慶路，生擒元將，得兵萬人，克鎮江，遷總管。攻拔廣德，戰舊館，擒湯元帥，進右副元帥。龍江之役，雲龍伏石灰山，接戰，殺傷相當。雲龍躍馬大呼，搗其中堅，遂大敗友諒兵，乘勝復太平。從下九江、南昌，分兵攻下瑞州、臨江、吉安。從援安豐，戰彭蠡，平武昌。累功至豹韜衛指揮使。從徐達帥兵取高郵，進克淮安，遂命守之，改淮安衛指揮使。尋攻嘉興，降吳將宋興。圍平江，軍於胥門。

Hua Yunlong came from Dingyuan. He gathered followers and made his base on Jiushan. When the Founding Emperor raised his banner, he came over to his side. He took part in the capture of Chu and He and was made commander of a thousand. He crossed the Yangtze with the army, stormed the Caishi river stockade, and broke the Fangshan camp. He took Jiqing Circuit, captured a Yuan general alive, seized ten thousand troops, captured Zhenjiang, and was promoted to circuit intendant. He stormed Guangde, fought at Jiuguan, captured Marshal Tang, and was promoted to right vice marshal. At the battle on the Long River, Yunlong lay in ambush at Lime Mountain; when battle was joined, casualties were about equal on both sides. Yunlong spurred his horse forward with a great shout, smashed the enemy center, routed Youliang's army, and pressed on to recover Taiping. He helped take Jiujiang and Nanchang, then sent detachments to capture Ruizhou, Linjiang, and Ji'an. He marched to relieve Anfeng, fought at Poyang, and helped pacify Wuchang. By accumulated merit he rose to commander of the Leopard Bow Guard. He followed Xu Da in taking Gaoyou, advanced to capture Huai'an, was ordered to garrison the city, and was appointed commander of the Huai'an Guard. Soon afterward he attacked Jiaxing and accepted the surrender of Wu general Song Xing. He besieged Pingjiang and stationed his army at Xu Gate.

從大軍北征，徇下山東郡縣，與徐達會帥通州，進克元都。擢大都督府僉事，總六衛兵留守兼北平行省參知政事。逾年，攻下雲州，獲平章火兒忽答、右丞哈海。進都督同知，兼燕王左相。洪武三年冬，論功封淮安侯，祿一千五百石，予世券。雲龍上言：「北平邊塞，東自永平、薊州，西至灰嶺下，隘口一百二十一，相去可二千二百里。其王平口至官坐嶺，隘口九，相去五百余里。俱衝要，宜設兵。紫荊關及蘆花山嶺尤要害，宜設千戶守御所。」又言：「前大兵克永平，留故元八翼軍士千六百人屯田，人月支糧五斗，所得不償費。宜入燕山諸衛，補伍操練。」俱從之。行邊至雲州，襲元平章僧家奴營於牙頭，突入其帳擒之，盡俘其眾。至上都大石崖，攻克劉學士諸寨，驢兒國公奔漠北。自是無內犯者，威名大著。建燕邸，增筑北平城，皆其經畫。洪武七年，有言雲龍據元相脫脫第宅，僭用故元宮中物。召還，命何文輝往代。未至京，道卒。

He marched north with the main army, subduing the cities and counties of Shandong, joined Xu Da in command at Tongzhou, and advanced to take the Yuan capital. He was promoted vice commissioner of the Grand Military Commission, given command of the six guards' garrison forces left to hold the north, and appointed assistant administrator of the Beiping Branch Secretariat as well. A year later he stormed Yunzhou and captured the Yuan pacification commissioner Huo'erhuda and vice administrator Hahai. He was promoted to deputy chief commander and appointed left chancellor to the Prince of Yan. In the winter of Hongwu's third year, he was enfeoffed Marquis of Huai'an with a stipend of fifteen hundred piculs and a hereditary patent of exemption, in recognition of his achievements. Yunlong submitted a memorial: 「On the Beiping frontier, from Yongping and Jizhou in the east to the foot of Huiling in the west, there are one hundred twenty-one passes over some two thousand two hundred li. From Wangping Pass to Guanzuo Ridge alone there are nine passes over more than five hundred li. Every one of them is vital; troops ought to be stationed there. Zijing Pass and Luhua Mountain Ridge are above all the keys to the line; battalion garrisons should be set up to hold them. 」He added: 「When our army first took Yongping, sixteen hundred men of the old Yuan Eight Wings were kept on garrison farms, each drawing five dou of grain a month — yet the harvest never paid for the expense. They should be absorbed into the Yan Mountain guards, slotted into the ranks, and put through regular drill. 」Both recommendations were approved. While inspecting the frontier he reached Yunzhou, struck the camp of the Yuan pacification commissioner Sengjianu at Yatou, burst into his tent to capture him, and took his entire force prisoner. At the Great Stone Cliff near the Upper Capital he overran the stockades commanded by Liu the Scholar, and the State Duke Lü'er fled deep into the northern steppe. After that the Yuan made no more incursions into the interior, and his fame spread far and wide. He planned the building of the Prince of Yan's residence and the expansion of Beiping's walls. In Hongwu's seventh year someone reported that Yunlong had taken over Chancellor Toqto's mansion and was presumptuously using furnishings from the old Yuan palace. Yunlong was recalled to court, and He Wenhui was sent to replace him. He died on the journey before he ever reached the capital.

子中襲。李文忠之卒也，中侍疾進藥，坐貶死。二十三年追論中胡黨，爵除。

His son Zhong succeeded to the marquisate. When Li Wenzhong died, Zhong had tended him in illness and given him medicine; for this he was demoted and executed. In the twenty-third year Zhong was posthumously tied to Hu Weiyong's faction, and the title was stripped from the family.

韓政，睢人。嘗為義兵元帥，帥眾歸太祖，授江淮行省平章政事。李濟據濠州，名為張士誠守，實觀望。太祖使右相國李善長以書招之，不報。太祖嘆曰：「濠，吾家也，濟如此，我有國無家可乎！」乃命政帥指揮顧時以雲梯砲石四面攻濠。濟度不能支，始出降。政歸濟於應天。太祖大悅，以時守濠州。

Han Zheng came from Sui county. He had risen as marshal of a local militia, then brought his followers over to the Founding Emperor and was made Pacification Commissioner of the Jiang-Huai Branch Secretariat. Li Ji held Haozhou in Zhang Shicheng's name but was really biding his time to see who would prevail. The Founding Emperor sent Right Chancellor Li Shanzhang with a letter summoning him, but Li Ji gave no answer. The Founding Emperor sighed: 「Haozhou is my own birthplace — and Ji treats me like this! Can I rule an empire yet have no home? 」He then ordered Zheng and Commander Gu Shi to assault Haozhou from every side with siege ladders and stone-throwing engines. Seeing he could not endure the siege, Ji at last surrendered. Zheng brought Li Ji to Yingtian in custody. The Founding Emperor was delighted and left Gu Shi to hold Haozhou.

政從徐達攻安豐，扼其四門，潛穴城東龍尾壩，入其城二十余丈。城壞，遂破之。元將忻都、竹貞、左君弼皆走。追奔四十余里，擒都。俄而貞引兵來援，與戰城南門，再破走之。淮東、西悉平。已，從大軍平吳。又從北伐，降梁城守將盧斌。分兵扼黃河，斷山東援軍，遂取益都、濟寧、濟南，皆有功。克東平，功尤多，改山東行省平章政事。以師會大將軍於臨清，檄政守東昌。既下大都，命政分兵守廣平。政遂諭降白土諸寨。移守彰德，下蟻尖寨。蟻尖者，在林慮西北二十里，為元右丞吳庸、王居義、小鎖兒所據。大將軍之北伐也，遣將士收復諸山寨，降者相繼，蟻尖獨恃險不下。至是兵逼之，庸誘殺居義及小鎖兒以降，得士卒萬余人。尋調征陝西，還兵守御河北。洪武三年封東平侯，祿千五百石，予世券。移鎮山東。未幾，復移河北。招撫流民，復業甚眾。從左副將軍李文忠搗應昌，至臚朐河。文忠深入，令政守輜重。還，命巡河南、陝西。再從信國公湯和練兵於臨清。十一年二月卒，帝親臨其喪。追封鄆國公。

Zheng joined Xu Da in the assault on Anfeng, sealed all four gates, and drove a mine through the Longwei Dam east of the city until it ran more than twenty zhang under the walls. The walls gave way and the city fell. The Yuan commanders Xindu, Zhu Zhen, and Zuo Junbi all fled. The pursuit covered more than forty li and brought back Xindu in chains. Before long Zhu Zhen marched to relieve the city; Zheng met him at the south gate, defeated him, and drove him off a second time. All the lands east and west of the Huai were brought to order. He then marched with the main army to bring Wu to heel. He joined the northern campaign as well and accepted the surrender of Liangcheng's defender Lu Bin. He sent detachments to hold the Yellow River and sever Shandong's reinforcements, then helped take Yidu, Jining, and Jinan, distinguishing himself in each. He played a leading part in the fall of Dongping and was made Pacification Commissioner of the Shandong Branch Secretariat. He brought his troops to join the grand general at Linqing, then was ordered to hold Dongchang. Once Dadu had fallen, he was told to detach a force to garrison Guangping. Zheng then talked the Baitu stockades into submission. He moved to garrison Zhangde and captured Yijian Stockade. Yijian stood twenty li northwest of Linlu, held by the Yuan vice administrator Wu Yong, Wang Juyi, and Xiao Suo'er. On the grand general's northern campaign, detachments recovered stockade after stockade as commanders came over one after another, but Yijian alone relied on its heights and held out. When Zheng's men closed in, Wu Yong murdered Wang Juyi and Xiao Suo'er in a plot to surrender, delivering more than ten thousand troops. He was soon reassigned to the Shaanxi campaign, then returned north to guard Hebei. In Hongwu's third year he was made Marquis of Dongping with fifteen hundred piculs and a hereditary patent of exemption. He was posted to hold Shandong. Before long he was shifted back to Hebei. He brought refugees in from the wilds, and vast numbers returned to their fields and trades. He marched under Left Deputy General Li Wenzhong on the raid against Yingchang, reaching the Luchu River. Wenzhong drove deep into enemy territory and left Zheng to guard the supply train. On returning he was sent to inspect Henan and Shaanxi. He joined the Duke of Xin, Tang He, in training troops at Linqing. He died in the second month of the eleventh year, and the Emperor came in person to mourn him. He was posthumously created Duke of Yun.

子勛襲。二十六年坐藍黨誅，爵除。

His son Han Xun succeeded to the marquisate. In the twenty-sixth year he was put to death in the Lan Yu purge, and the title was stripped away.

仇成，含山人。初從軍充萬戶，屢遷至秦淮翼副元帥。太祖攻安慶，敵固守不戰。廖永忠、張志雄破其水寨，成以陸兵乘之，遂克安慶。初，元左丞余闕守安慶，陳友諒將趙普勝陷之。友諒既殺普勝，元帥余某者襲取之。張定邊復來犯，余帥走死。至是以成為橫海指揮同知，守其地。時左君弼據廬州，羅友賢以池州叛，無為知州董曾陷死，四面皆賊境。成撫集軍民，守御嚴密，漢兵不敢東下。從征鄱陽，殲敵涇江口，功最。征平江，敗張士誠兵於城西南。洪武三年，僉大都督府事，鎮遼東。久之，以屯戍無功，降永平衛指揮使。尋復官。十二年論藍玉等征西功，當封。帝念成舊勛，先封為安慶侯，歲祿二千石。二十年充征南副將軍，討平容美諸峒。復從大軍征雲南，功多，予世券，加祿五百石。二十一年七月，有疾。賜內昷，手詔存問。卒，贈皖國公，諡庄襄。子正襲爵。

Chou Cheng came from Hanshan. He began as a commander of ten thousand and rose through repeated promotions to deputy marshal of the Qinhuai Wing. At the Founding Emperor's assault on Anqing, the defenders shut themselves in and refused to fight. Liao Yongzhong and Zhang Zhixiong smashed the river stockade, and Cheng drove his infantry forward to take Anqing. Anqing had been held by the Yuan left administrator Yu Que until Chen Youliang's general Zhao Pusheng overran it. After Youliang murdered Pusheng, a Marshal Yu retook the city. Zhang Dingbian attacked once more, and Marshal Yu fled to his death. Cheng was now made vice commander of the Transverse Sea Command and charged with holding Anqing. Zuo Junbi held Luzhou, Luo Youxian revolted at Chizhou, Prefect Dong Zeng of Wuwei was killed when the city fell, and enemies pressed in on every side. Cheng rallied soldiers and civilians, tightened the defenses, and the Han forces did not dare push east. He joined the Poyang campaign and annihilated the enemy at the mouth of the Jing River, winning the highest distinction. In the campaign against Pingjiang he routed Zhang Shicheng's army southwest of the city. In Hongwu's third year he joined the Grand Military Commission and was posted to hold Liaodong. In time, judged to have achieved nothing in garrison farming, he was reduced to commander of the Yongping Guard. His rank was soon restored. In the twelfth year, when honors for Lan Yu's western campaign were under discussion, he was due a title. Mindful of Cheng's earlier achievements, the Emperor enfeoffed him first as Marquis of Anqing with two thousand piculs a year. In the twentieth year he served as deputy southern expeditionary general and pacified Rongmei and the other fortified valleys. He marched again on Yunnan with the main army, won great distinction, and received a hereditary patent plus five hundred piculs added to his stipend. In the seventh month of the twenty-first year he fell ill. The Emperor granted him imperial medicinal broth and wrote a personal edict to inquire after his condition. He died and was posthumously created Duke of Wan with the posthumous name Zhuangxiang. His son Zheng succeeded to the marquisate.

張龍，濠人。從渡江，定常州、寧國、婺州，皆有功。從征江州，為都先鋒。平武昌，授花槍所千戶。從平淮東，守御海安。與張士誠將戰於海口，擒彭元帥，俘其卒數百。進攻通州，擊斬賊將。擢威武衛指揮僉事。從平山東、河南。大兵克潼關，以龍為副留守。洪武三年調守鳳翔，改鳳翔衛指揮。賀宗哲悉眾圍城，龍固守。宗哲攻北門，龍出兵搏戰，矢傷右脅，不為動。遂大敗之。進克鳳州，擒李參政等二十余人。大將軍達入沔州，遣龍別將一軍，由鳳翔入連雲棧，攻興元，降其守將劉思忠。蜀將吳友仁來犯，龍擊卻之。友仁復悉兵薄城，大治攻具。龍從北門突出，繞友仁軍後，敵盡棄甲仗走，自是不復窺興元。召僉大都督府事。十一年副李文忠征西番洮州。論功，封鳳翔侯，祿二千石，世指揮使。復從傅友德征雲南，鎮七星關，破大理、鶴慶，平諸洞蠻。加祿五百石，予世券三十年。二十年從馮勝出金山，降納哈出。明年，勝調降軍征雲南，次常德，叛去。龍追至重慶，收捕之。二十三年春同延安侯唐勝宗督屯田於平越、鎮遠、貴州，議置龍里衛。都勻亂，佐藍玉討平之。以老疾請告。三十年卒。

Zhang Long came from Hao. He crossed the Yangtze with the army and helped secure Changzhou, Ningguo, and Wuzhou, distinguishing himself throughout. On the Jiangzhou campaign he served as chief vanguard. After Wuchang fell he was made commander of a thousand in the Flower Spear corps. He helped pacify the Huai east and was posted to defend Hai'an. At Haikou he fought one of Zhang Shicheng's generals, captured Marshal Peng, and took several hundred of his men prisoner. He pressed the attack on Tongzhou and killed a rebel general in battle. He was promoted vice commander of the Weiwu Guard. He helped bring Shandong and Henan to order. After Tong Pass fell, Long was appointed deputy garrison commander. In Hongwu's third year he was posted to Fengxiang and made commander of the Fengxiang Guard. He Zongzhe marched up with his full strength to siege the city, and Long held fast inside the walls. Zongzhe assaulted the north gate; Long led a sortie and fought hand to hand, took an arrow in the right flank, and never flinched. He then routed the enemy completely. He pressed on to capture Fengzhou, seizing Vice Administrator Li and more than twenty others. When Grand General Xu Da entered Mianzhou, he sent Long with a detached force through Fengxiang along the Lianyun plank road to attack Xingyuan, where the defending general Liu Sizhong surrendered. When the Shu general Wu Youren marched against him, Long repulsed the attack. Youren returned with his full strength, pressed up to the walls, and set about preparing a major assault. Long sallied from the north gate, swung behind Youren's army, and routed the enemy so completely that they threw down arms and fled; after that they never threatened Xingyuan again. He was summoned to join the Grand Military Commission. In the eleventh year he served under Li Wenzhong in the campaign against the western tribes at Taozhou. For his service he was enfeoffed Marquis of Fengxiang with a stipend of two thousand piculs and hereditary rank as commander. He marched again with Fu Youde into Yunnan, held Qixing Pass, captured Dali and Heqing, and pacified the cave tribes of the region. His stipend was increased by five hundred piculs, and he received a hereditary patent of exemption good for thirty years. In the twentieth year he followed Feng Sheng on the Jinshan expedition and helped accept Nahachu's surrender. The next year Feng Sheng led the surrendered troops south toward Yunnan, but at Changde they mutinied and broke away. Long pursued them to Chongqing and rounded them up. In the spring of the twenty-third year he joined Yan'an Marquis Tang Sheng Zong in supervising military colonies at Pingyue, Zhenyuan, and Guizhou, where the establishment of the Longli Guard was proposed. When Duyun rebelled, he assisted Lan Yu in putting down the revolt. Growing old and ill, he asked to retire from duty. He died in the thirtieth year.

子麟尚福清公主，授駙馬都尉。孫傑侍公主京師。永樂初，失侯。傑子嗣，宣德十年，援詔恩乞嗣。吏部言：龍侯不嗣者四十年，不許。

His son Lin married Princess Fuqing and was made Commandant of the Consort's Guard. His grandson Jie waited upon the princess in the capital. Early in the Yongle reign the family lost the marquisate. Jie's son Si, in Xuande's tenth year, invoked an edict of grace to petition for restoration of the title. The Ministry of Personnel replied that the Marquis of Long title had lapsed for forty years and could not be restored.

吳復，字伯起，合肥人。少負勇略。元末，集眾保鄉里。歸太祖於濠，從克泗、滁、和、採石、太平，累官萬戶。從破蠻子海牙水寨，定集慶。從徐達攻鎮江，斬元平章定定。下丹陽、金壇，克常州，進統軍元帥。徇江陰、無錫，還守常州。張士誠兵奄至，力戰，敗之。追奔至長興，連敗之於高橋、太湖及忠節門，士誠奪氣。從援安豐，平武昌。從徐達克廬州，下漢、沔、荊諸郡縣。授鎮武衛指揮同知，守沔陽。從常遇春下襄陽，別將破安陸，擒元同僉任亮，遂守之。克汝州、魯山。

Wu Fu, whose style was Boqi, came from Hefei. As a young man he showed both courage and tactical skill. At the end of the Yuan he raised a band to defend his home district. He joined the Founding Emperor at Hao and followed the conquest of Si, Chu, He, Caishi, and Taiping, rising through repeated promotions to commander of ten thousand. He helped break Manzi Haiya's river stockade and secure Jiqing. Under Xu Da he attacked Zhenjiang and beheaded the Yuan minister Ding Ding. He took Danyang and Jintan, captured Changzhou, and was promoted army commander-in-chief. He campaigned through Jiangyin and Wuxi, then returned to hold Changzhou. When Zhang Shicheng's army suddenly appeared, he fought hard and drove it off. He pursued the fugitives to Changxing and defeated them again at Gaoqiao, Taihu, and Zhongjie Gate, until Shicheng lost heart. He joined the relief of Anfeng and the pacification of Wuchang. Under Xu Da he captured Luzhou and then reduced the Han, Mian, and Jing prefectures and counties. He was made vice commander of the Zhenwu Guard and posted to defend Mianyang. He followed Chang Yuchun in the capture of Xiangyang, then as a detached commander broke Anlu, seized the Yuan assistant commissioner Ren Liang, and held the city. He captured Ruzhou and Lushan.

十四年，從傅友德征雲南，克普定，城水西。充總兵官，剿捕諸蠻。遂由關索嶺開箐道，取廣西。十六年克墨定苗，至吉剌堡，築安庄、新城，平七百房諸寨，斬獲萬計，轉餉盤江。是年十月，金瘡發，卒於普定。追封黔國公，諡威毅，加祿五百石，予世券。

In the fourteenth year he marched with Fu Youde into Yunnan, captured Puding, and fortified Shuixi. He served as overall commander and led campaigns to suppress the tribal forces. He then cut a route through the ravines at Guansuo Ridge and advanced into Guangxi. In the sixteenth year he subdued the Moding Miao, reached Jila Fort, built Anzhuang and Xincheng, pacified more than seven hundred stockades with kills and captures numbering in the tens of thousands, and moved supplies to the Pan River. That October an old battle wound reopened, and he died at Puding. Posthumously he was made Duke of Qian with the posthumous name Weiyi, given five hundred piculs added to his stipend, and granted a hereditary patent of nobility.

復臨陣奮發，沖犯矢石，體無完膚。平居恂恂，口不言征伐事。在普定買妾楊氏，年十七。復死，視殮畢，沐浴更衣，自經死。封貞烈淑人。

In battle Fu always fought with fierce ardor, charging through arrows and stones until his body was covered with wounds. In daily life he was modest and quiet, and never spoke of war. At Puding he bought a concubine named Yang, seventeen years old. When Fu died, she watched the encoffining through to the end, then bathed, changed her clothes, and hanged herself. She was granted the title Lady Zhenlie, Chaste and Fierce.

附周武

Appendix: Zhou Wu

初，與復以征西番功侯者，又有周武。武，開州人，從定江東，滅漢，收淮東，平吳，積功為指揮僉事。從定中原，進都督僉事。洪武十一年以參將從沐英討西番朵甘，功多。師還，封雄武侯，祿二千石，世指揮使。出理河南軍務，巡撫北邊。二十三年卒，贈汝國公，諡勇襄。

Among those enfeoffed as marquises for the western campaign along with Fu, there was also Zhou Wu. Wu came from Kaizhou. He helped secure Jiangdong, destroy the Han regime, recover eastern Huai, and pacify Wu, rising through accumulated merit to vice commander. He joined the conquest of the Central Plain and was promoted vice commissioner-in-chief. In Hongwu's eleventh year he served as deputy general under Mu Ying against the western tribes of Duogan and won great distinction. When the army returned he was made Marquis of Xiongwu with a stipend of two thousand piculs and hereditary rank as commander. He was sent to handle Henan military affairs and to inspect the northern frontier. He died in the twenty-third year and was posthumously made Duke of Ru with the posthumous name Yongxiang.

胡海，字海洋，定遠人。嘗入土豪赤塘王總管營，自拔來歸，授百戶。從敗元將賈魯兵，克泗、滁，進萬戶。從渡江，拔蠻子海牙水寨，破陳埜先兵，從取集慶、鎮江。敗元將謝國璽於寧國，選充先鋒。從大軍圍湖州，墮其東南門月城。從攻宜興，下婺州，鏖戰紹興，生得賊四百余人，進都先鋒。又從戰龍江，克安慶，與漢人相持，八戰，皆大捷，遂入江州。從徐達攻廬州，皆有功。

Hu Hai, whose style was Haiyang, came from Dingyuan. He once entered the camp of the local strongman Prefect Wang of Chitang, broke away on his own, came over to the Ming side, and was made a centurion. He helped defeat the Yuan general Jia Lu, captured Si and Chu, and was promoted commander of ten thousand. He crossed the Yangtze with the army, seized Manzi Haiya's river stockade, routed Chen Yexian's forces, and helped take Jiqing and Zhenjiang. At Ningguo he defeated the Yuan general Xie Guoxi and was chosen for the vanguard. He joined the siege of Huzhou and stormed the crescent rampart at the southeast gate. He fought at Yixing, captured Wuzhou, battled fiercely at Shaoxing, took more than four hundred enemy soldiers alive, and was promoted chief vanguard. He fought again at Longjiang, captured Anqing, and grappled with the Han armies in eight successive major victories before entering Jiangzhou. Under Xu Da he besieged Luzhou and distinguished himself throughout.

海驍勇，屢戰屢傷，手足胸腹間金痍皆遍，而斗益力。士卒從之者無不激勵自效。太祖壯之，授花槍上千戶。復從大軍克荊、澧、衡、潭，擢寶慶衛指揮僉事，遷指揮使，命鎮益陽。從平章楊璟征湖南、廣西未下郡縣。由祁陽進圍永州，與守兵戰於東鄉橋，生得千、萬戶四人，以夜半先登拔之。抵靖江，戰南門，生得萬戶二人。夜四鼓，自北門八角亭先登，功最，命為左副總兵。剿平左江上思蠻。調征蜀，克龍伏隘、天門山及溫湯關，予世襲指揮使，仍鎮益陽。武岡、靖州、五開諸苗蠻先後作亂，悉捕誅首亂而撫其餘眾，遷都督僉事。十四年從征雲南，由永寧趨烏撒，進克可渡河。與副將軍沐英會師攻大理，敵悉眾扼上、下關。定遠侯王弼自洱水東趨上關，英帥大軍趨下關，而遣海以夜四鼓取石門。間道渡河，繞點蒼山後，攀大樹緣崖而上，立旂幟。英士卒望見，皆踴躍大呼，敵眾驚擾。英遂斬關入。海亦麾山上軍馳下，前後夾攻，敵悉潰走。

Hai was ferociously brave. Wounded again and again, his hands, feet, chest, and belly were mapped with old battle scars, yet he fought all the harder. Every soldier who served under him was roused to fight with all he had. The Founding Emperor was impressed by his valor and made him commander of a thousand in the Flower Spear corps. He marched again with the main army to capture Jing, Li, Heng, and Tan, was promoted vice commander of the Baqing Guard and then full commander, and was posted to garrison Yiyang. He followed Minister Yang Jing in reducing the remaining prefectures and counties of Hunan and Guangxi. Advancing from Qiyang he besieged Yongzhou, fought the garrison at Dongxiang Bridge, captured four enemy commanders alive, and at midnight led the first assault over the walls to take the city. At Jingjiang he fought at the south gate and captured two commanders of ten thousand alive. At the fourth watch he led the first assault over the walls from the Bajiao Pavilion at the north gate. His merit ranked first, and he was made left deputy overall commander. He suppressed the Shangsi tribes along the Zuo River. Transferred to the Shu campaign, he captured Longfu Pass, Tianmen Mountain, and Wentang Pass, was granted hereditary commandership, and continued to garrison Yiyang. When the Miao of Wugang, Jingzhou, Wukai, and neighboring districts rose in succession, he executed the ringleaders and pacified the rest, and was promoted vice commissioner-in-chief. In the fourteenth year he joined the Yunnan campaign, pressing from Yongning toward Wusa and capturing the Kehedu crossing. He joined Deputy General Mu Ying in the assault on Dali, where the enemy concentrated their full strength to hold the upper and lower passes. Dingyuan Marquis Wang Bi advanced on Upper Pass from east of Erhai Lake, while Mu Ying led the main force against Lower Pass and sent Hai at the fourth watch to seize Shimen. By a hidden route he crossed the river, circled behind Cangshan, climbed trees and scaled the cliffs, and raised his banners. Mu Ying's troops saw the banners and erupted in cheers; the enemy ranks fell into panic. Mu Ying then broke through the pass and entered the city. Hai then sent the troops on the heights charging down the slope; caught between two forces, the enemy broke and fled.

十七年，論功封東川侯，祿二千五百石，予世券。逾三年，以左參將從征金山。又二年，以征南將軍討平澧州九溪諸蠻寇。師還，乞歸鄉里，厚賚金帛以行。二十四年七月，病疽卒，年六十三。

In the seventeenth year, for his service, he was enfeoffed Marquis of Dongchuan with a stipend of twenty-five hundred piculs and a hereditary patent of nobility. Three years later he served as left deputy general on the Jinshan campaign. Two years after that, as General Who Conquers the South, he put down the tribal raiders of Lizhou and the Nine Streams. When the army returned he asked to retire to his home district and was sent off with a rich gift of gold and silk. He died of a festering wound in the seventh month of the twenty-fourth year, at the age of sixty-three.

長子斌，龍虎衛指揮使，從征雲南。過曲靖，猝遇寇，中飛矢卒。贈都督同知。次玉，坐藍黨死。次觀，尚南康公主，為駙馬都尉，未嗣卒。宣德中，公主乞以子忠嗣。詔授孝陵衛指揮僉事，予世襲。

His eldest son Bin, commander of the Longhu Guard, joined the Yunnan campaign. Near Qujing he suddenly ran into raiders, was struck by a stray arrow, and died. He was posthumously promoted assistant commissioner-in-chief. The second son Yu was executed in the Lan Yu purge. The third son Guan married Princess Nankang and served as Commandant of the Consort's Guard, but died without an heir. During the Xuande reign the princess petitioned that her son Zhong be allowed to succeed to the line. By imperial edict he was appointed vice commander of the Xiaoling Guard with hereditary rank.

張赫，臨淮人。江淮大亂，團義兵以捍鄉里。嘉山繆把頭招之，不往。聞太祖起，帥眾來附。授千戶，以功進萬戶。從渡江，所至攻伐皆預，以功擢常春翼元帥，守御常州。尋從戰鄱陽，攻武昌。已，又從大將軍伐張士誠，進圍平江。諸將分門而軍，赫軍閶門。士誠屢出兵突戰，屢挫其鋒。又從大軍克慶元，並下溫、台。洪武元年，擢福州衛都指揮副使，進本衛同知。覆命署都指揮使司事。是時，倭寇出沒海島中，乘間輒傅岸剽掠，沿海居民患苦之。帝數遣使齎詔書諭日本國王，又數絕日本貢使，然竟不得倭人要領。赫在海上久，所捕倭不可勝計。最後追寇至琉球大洋，與戰，擒其魁十八人，斬首數十級，獲倭船十余艘，收弓刀器械無算。帝偉赫功，命掌都指揮印。尋調興化衛。召還，擢大都督府僉事。會遼東漕運艱，軍食後期，帝深以為慮。以赫習海道，命督海運事。久之，封航海侯，予世券。前後往來遼東十二年，凡督十運，勞勩備至，軍中賴以無乏。病卒，追封恩國公，諡庄簡。

Zhang He came from Linhuai. When the Jiang-Huai region plunged into chaos, he raised a volunteer militia to defend his home district. Miao Batou of Jiashan tried to recruit him, but he refused. When he heard that the Founding Emperor had raised his banner, he led his followers to join him. He was made commander of a thousand and, for his service, promoted commander of ten thousand. He crossed the Yangtze with the army, fought in every assault along the way, and for his merit was promoted Marshal of the Evergreen Wing and posted to defend Changzhou. He soon fought at Poyang and took part in the assault on Wuchang. He then joined the Grand General's campaign against Zhang Shicheng and helped press the siege of Pingjiang. The generals assigned each gate to a separate encampment; He took Chang Gate. Shicheng launched repeated sallies; each time He drove them back. He then joined the main force in taking Qingyuan and helped bring Wenzhou and Taizhou as well. In the first year of Hongwu he was made vice commander of the Fuzhou Guard and then assistant commander of the same command. On reporting back, he was assigned to administer the regional military commission in an acting capacity. At that time Japanese raiders haunted the offshore islands, slipping ashore whenever they found an opening to pillage the coast, to the great misery of local people. The Emperor repeatedly sent envoys with edicts to the Japanese king and repeatedly barred Japanese tribute missions, yet still could not get to the root of the piracy problem. He spent long years on the water and captured more pirates than could be counted. In a final pursuit he chased the raiders to the open seas off Ryukyu, defeated them in battle, took eighteen of their leaders prisoner, severed several dozen heads, captured more than ten enemy ships, and seized an incalculable haul of bows, blades, and arms. The Emperor praised He's exploits and put him in charge of the regional commander's seal. He was soon transferred to the Xinghua Guard. Recalled to court, he was promoted vice director of the Chief Military Commission. At that time grain shipments to Liaodong by the canal route had become difficult and military rations were arriving late, greatly worrying the Emperor. Since He knew the sea lanes well, the Emperor appointed him to oversee maritime transport. In time he was enfeoffed Marquis of Navigation and given a hereditary patent of nobility. Over twelve years he made the Liaodong run again and again, supervising ten full transport cycles; his exertions were beyond praise, and the army depended on him to keep provisions from running out. He died of illness and was posthumously enfeoffed Duke of Enguo with the posthumous title Zhuangjian.

子榮，從征雲南有功，為水軍右衛指揮使。孫釒盬，福建都指揮使。永樂中，留鎮交阯。

His son Rong distinguished himself on the Yunnan campaign and became commander of the Right Guard of the Naval Army. His grandson served as commander of the Fujian Regional Military Commission. During the Yongle reign he was posted to garrison Jiaozhi.

華高，和州人。與俞通海等以巢湖水師來附。從克太平，授總管。從破採石、方山兵。下集慶、鎮江，遷秦淮翼元帥。與鄧愈徇廣德。守將嚴兵城下，高以數騎挑戰，元兵堅壁不動。高衝擊大破之，遂取其城，得兵萬人，糧數千斛。從平常州，進僉行樞密院事。副俞通海擊破趙普勝柵江營。再敗陳友諒。援長興，克武昌。授湖廣行省左丞。帥舟師從克淮東，收浙西。進行省平章政事。洪武三年封廣德侯，歲祿六百石。

Hua Gao came from Hezhou. He brought the Chaohu Lake fleet to join the cause, together with Yu Tonghai and others. He took part in the capture of Taiping and was made chief steward. He fought in the victories at Caishi and Fangshan. After Jiqing and Zhenjiang fell, he was promoted marshal of the Qinhuai Wing. He joined Deng Yu in pacifying Guangde. The garrison commander massed troops beneath the walls; Gao rode out with a handful of horsemen to challenge them, but the Yuan forces stayed behind their fortifications and refused to engage. Gao then charged, routed them completely, and took the city, gaining ten thousand soldiers and several thousand piculs of grain. He helped pacify Changzhou and was promoted vice director of the Mobile Bureau of Military Affairs. Serving under Yu Tonghai, he helped smash Zhao Pusheng's Zhanjiang camp. He defeated Chen Youliang again. He relieved Changxing and helped capture Wuchang. He was made left vice administrator of the Huguang Branch Secretariat. At the head of the fleet he joined the conquest of Huaidong and the recovery of western Zhejiang. He was promoted grand councillor of the Branch Secretariat. In the third year of Hongwu he was enfeoffed Marquis of Guangde with a stipend of six hundred piculs.

高性怯，且無子，請得宿衛。有所征討，輒稱疾不行。令練水師，復以不習辭。帝以故舊優容之。時諸勛臣多出行邊，惟高不遣。最後繕廣東邊海城堡，高請行。帝曰：「卿復自力，甚善。」四年四月事竣。至瓊州卒。初，有言高殖利者，故歲祿獨薄。至是貧不能葬。帝憐之，命補支祿三百石。以無子，納誥券墓中。贈巢國公，諡武庄。授從子岳指揮僉事。

Gao was timid by nature and childless; he asked to serve in the palace guard. Whenever a campaign was ordered, he pleaded illness and stayed behind. When told to train the navy, he again begged off, claiming lack of experience. Out of regard for their old ties, the Emperor indulged him. At that time most of the founding peers were sent to serve on the frontier, but Gao was never sent. Finally, when coastal fortifications in Guangdong were to be rebuilt, Gao volunteered to go. The Emperor said, "You have taken initiative again — excellent. The work was finished in the fourth month of the fourth year. He died upon reaching Qiongzhou. Earlier there had been accusations that Gao profited from trade, which was why his stipend alone was set lower. By then he was too poor to afford a proper burial. The Emperor took pity on him and ordered an additional stipend of three hundred piculs. Having no heir, his patent of nobility was buried with him in the tomb. He was posthumously enfeoffed Duke of Chaoguo with the posthumous title Wuzhuang. His nephew Yue was appointed vice commander.

張銓，定遠人。從取太平，定集慶、鎮江、常州、婺州。搗江州，戰鄱陽湖，取鄂渚。收淮東，平吳。累功為指揮僉事。從取中原、燕、晉、秦、蜀，進都督僉事。使建齊王府，事竣，副江夏侯周德興征五溪蠻。已而水盡源、通塔平、散毛諸洞酋作亂，復副德興討平之。從征雲南，由永寧克烏撒。久之，復從傅友德平烏撒及曲靖、普定、龍海、孟定諸蠻。洪武二十三年封永定侯，食祿千五百石，世指揮使。

Zhang Quan came from Dingyuan. He helped take Taiping and secure Jiqing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, and Wuzhou. He struck at Jiangzhou, fought on Poyang Lake, and captured Ezhu. He helped recover Huaidong and finish the conquest of Wu. For accumulated merit he was made vice commander. He joined the campaigns across the Central Plain, Yan, Jin, Qin, and Shu, and was promoted vice commissioner-in-chief. He was assigned to build the palace of the Prince of Qi, and when that was done served as deputy to Marquis of Jiangxia Zhou Dexing on the campaign against the Five Streams tribes. When the chieftains of Shuijinyuan, Tongtapu, Sanmao, and other mountain strongholds rose in revolt, he again served under Dexing and put them down. On the Yunnan campaign he advanced through Yongning and took Wusa. Later he again followed Fu Youde in pacifying Wusa and the tribal domains of Qujing, Puding, Longhai, Mengding, and the rest. In the twenty-third year of Hongwu he was enfeoffed Marquis of Yongding with a stipend of fifteen hundred piculs and hereditary rank as guard commander.

何真，字邦佐，東莞人。少英偉，好書劍。元至正初，為河源縣務副使，轉淡水場管勾，棄官歸。元末盜起，真聚眾保鄉里。十四年，縣人王成、陳仲玉作亂，真赴告元帥府。帥受賂，反捕真。逃居坭岡，舉兵攻成，不克。久之，惠州人王仲剛與叛將黃常據惠。真擊走常，殺仲剛。以功授惠陽路同知、廣東都元帥，守惠州。海寇邵宗愚陷廣州。真以兵破走之，復其城。擢廣東分省參政，尋擢右丞。贛州熊天瑞引舟師數萬，欲圖真，真迎之胥江。天大雷雨，折天瑞舟檣，擊走之。廣人賴以完。先是真再攻成，誅仲玉而成卒固守。二十六年復圍成，募擒成者，予鈔十千。成奴縛成以出。真予之鈔，命具湯鑊，趨烹奴，號於眾曰：「奴叛主者視此！」緣海叛者皆降。時中原大亂，嶺表隔絕，有勸真效尉佗故事者，不聽。屢遣使由海道貢方物於朝。累進資德大夫、行省左丞。

He Zhen, whose style was Bangzuo, came from Dongguan. As a young man he was bold and striking, devoted to both books and the sword. Early in the Zhizheng era he served as deputy commissioner of the Heyuan county magistracy, then as manager of the Danshui salt works, before resigning and returning home. When banditry spread at the end of the Yuan, Zhen raised men to defend his home district. In the fourteenth year fellow townsmen Wang Cheng and Chen Zhongyu rose in revolt; Zhen went to the marshal's headquarters to lodge a complaint. The marshal took a bribe and had Zhen arrested instead. He fled to Nigang, raised troops against Cheng, but failed to defeat him. In time Wang Zhonggang of Huizhou and the turncoat general Huang Chang seized Huizhou. Zhen routed Huang Chang and killed Wang Zhonggang. For his service he was made associate administrator of Huiyang Circuit and Grand Marshal of Guangdong, with charge of Huizhou. The pirate Shao Zongyu seized Guangzhou. Zhen drove him off by force and recovered the city. He was promoted participating administrator of the Guangdong Branch Secretariat and soon afterward made its right vice administrator. Xiong Tianrui of Ganzhou brought a fleet of tens of thousands to move against Zhen; Zhen met him on the Xujiang. A violent thunderstorm snapped Tianrui's masts; Zhen attacked and put him to flight. The people of Guangdong owed their survival to that victory. Earlier Zhen had twice attacked Wang Cheng; he had executed Chen Zhongyu, but Cheng continued to hold out. In the twenty-sixth year he besieged Cheng again, promising ten thousand in paper notes to whoever brought him in. One of Cheng's slaves bound his master and turned him over. Zhen paid the reward, had a cauldron of boiling water set up, and had the slave thrown in to die; then he shouted to the crowd, "Let all who see a slave betray his master look upon this! Rebels all along the coast submitted. With the Central Plain in turmoil and Lingnan cut off from the north, some urged Zhen to declare himself a regional king as Wei Tuo had done, but he refused. He repeatedly sent envoys by sea to present tribute to the court. He rose by stages to Grand Master of Virtuous Achievement and left vice administrator of the Branch Secretariat.

洪武元年，太祖命廖永忠為征南將軍，帥舟師取廣東。永忠至福州，以書諭真，遂航海趨潮州。師既至，真遣都事劉克佐詣軍門上印章，籍所部郡縣戶口兵糧，奉表以降。永忠聞於朝，賜詔褒真曰：「朕惟古之豪傑，保境安民，以待有德。若竇融、李勣之屬，擁兵據險，角立群雄間，非真主不屈。此漢、唐名臣，於今未見。爾真連數郡之眾，乃不煩一兵，保境來歸，雖竇、李奚讓焉。」永忠抵東莞，真帥官屬迎勞，遂奉詔入朝。擢江西行省參知政事，且諭之曰：「天下分爭，所謂豪傑有三：易亂為治者，上也；保民達變，知所歸者，次也；負固偷安，身死不悔，斯其下矣。卿輸誠納土，不逆顏行，可謂識時務者。」真頓首謝。在官頗著聲望，尤喜儒術，讀書綴文。已，轉山東參政。四年命還廣東，收集舊卒。事竣，仍蒞山東。九年致仕。

In the first year of Hongwu the Founding Emperor appointed Liao Yongzhong General Who Conquers the South and sent him with a fleet to take Guangdong. Yongzhong reached Fuzhou, wrote to Zhen urging submission, and then put to sea for Chaozhou. When the army arrived, Zhen sent chief secretary Liu Kezuo to camp to surrender his seal, submit registers of the population, troops, and grain supplies under his command, and offer a memorial of submission. Yongzhong reported to court, and an edict praised Zhen: "I reflect that the heroes of antiquity secured their territories and kept the people at peace, waiting for a ruler of virtue. Men like Dou Rong and Li Ji held armies in defensible terrain and stood among rival warlords as equals, bowing only to the true sovereign. Such ministers of Han and Tang fame had not been seen again—until now. You, Zhen, held several prefectures and came in with your territory without a single soldier being sent against you—even Dou Rong and Li Ji would have to yield pride of place. Yongzhong reached Dongguan; Zhen led his officials out to welcome him, then went to court as the edict directed. He was promoted participating administrator of the Jiangxi Branch Secretariat and told: "In a divided realm, heroes fall into three kinds: those who turn chaos into order are the highest; those who protect the people, read the times, and know where their loyalty belongs rank next; those who cling defiantly to temporary safety and die unrepentant are the lowest of all. You came forward in sincerity and surrendered your territory without hostile defiance — you may truly be called one who knew the times. 」Zhen kowtowed in gratitude. In office he enjoyed a strong reputation, took special delight in Confucian learning, and devoted himself to reading and literary composition. He was later transferred to serve as associate administrator of Shandong. In the fourth year he was ordered back to Guangdong to gather his former troops. When the task was complete, he returned to his post in Shandong. In the ninth year he retired from office.

大軍征雲南，命真偕其子兵馬指揮貴往。規畫軍餉，置郵驛。遷山西右布政使。再與貴勾軍廣東，擢貴鎮南衛指揮僉事。尋命真為浙江布政使，改湖廣。二十年復致仕，封東莞伯，祿一千五百石，予世券。卒。

When the main army marched against Yunnan, Zhen was ordered to go with his son Gui, who served as cavalry and infantry commander. He organized military supplies and established postal relay stations. He was promoted to right administration commissioner of Shanxi. He again mustered troops in Guangdong with Gui, who was promoted to vice commander of the Zhennan Guard. Zhen was soon appointed administration commissioner of Zhejiang, then transferred to Huguang. In the twentieth year he retired once more, was enfeoffed as Earl of Dongguan with an income of fifteen hundred shi of grain, and granted a hereditary patent of nobility. He passed away.

子榮嗣。與弟貴及尚寶司丞宏皆坐藍黨死。真弟迪疑禍及己，遂作亂。擊殺南海官軍三百余人，遁入海島。廣東都司發兵討擒之，伏誅。

His son Rong succeeded to the title. He, his younger brother Gui, and Vice Director of the Imperial Seal Office Hong were all executed for association with Lan Yu's faction. Zhen's younger brother Di, fearing he would be implicated, rose in rebellion. He killed more than three hundred government troops in Nanhai and fled to a sea island. The Guangdong regional command sent troops to capture him, and he was executed.

贊曰：陳友諒之克太平也，其鋒甚銳，微茂才則金陵之安危未可知矣。吳良守江陰，耿炳文守長興，而吳人不得肆其志。締造之基，其力為多。至若華雲龍、張赫、吳復、胡海之屬，或威著邊疆，或功存海運，搴旗陷陣，所向皆摧。揆之前代功臣，何多讓焉。而又皆能保守祿位，以恩禮令終，斯其尤足嘉美者歟！

The commentator says: When Chen Youliang captured Taiping, his momentum was fierce; but for Kang Maocai, the fate of Jinling might well have hung in the balance. With Wu Liang holding Jiangyin and Geng Bingwen holding Changxing, the Wu forces could not achieve their aims. In laying the foundations of the dynasty, their contribution was immense. As for men such as Hua Yunlong, Zhang He, Wu Fu, and Hu Hai, some won renown on the frontier, others distinguished themselves in maritime transport; seizing enemy banners and breaking through battle lines, they swept aside all who stood before them. Measured against the great ministers of earlier dynasties, they would yield little. Moreover, they were able to preserve their ranks and stipends and end their lives in honor and imperial favor — is this not especially worthy of praise!

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