1
南齊書卷第三本紀第三
Book of Southern Qi, Volume 3, Annals 3
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世祖武皇帝諱賾，字宣遠，太祖長子也。 小諱龍兒。 生於建康青溪宅，其夜陳孝后、劉昭后同夢龍據屋上，故字上焉。
Emperor Wu, canonically titled Grand Successor, bore the taboo name Ze and the style Xuanyuan; he was the Grand Progenitor's eldest son. In childhood he was called Long'er. He was born at the family house on Qingxi in Jiankang. That night Empresses Chen and Liu both dreamed a dragon on the rooftop—hence the upward turn in his style name.
3
初爲尋陽國侍郎，辟州西曹書佐，出爲贛令。 江州刺史晉安王子勛反，上不從命，南康相沈肅之縶上於郡獄。 族人蕭欣祖、門客桓康等破郡迎出上。 肅之率將吏數百人追擊，上與左右拒戰，生獲肅之，斬首百餘級，遂率部曲百餘人舉義兵。 始興相殷孚將萬兵赴子勛於尋陽，或勸上擊之，上以衆寡不敵，避屯揭陽山中，聚衆至三千人。 子勛遣其將戴凱之爲南康相，及軍主張宗之千餘人助之。 上引兵向郡，擊凱之別軍主程超數百人于南康口，又進擊宗之，破斬之，遂圍郡城。 凱之以數千人固守，上親率將士盡日攻之，城陷，凱之奔走，殺偽贛令陶沖之。 上卽據郡城，遣軍主張應期、鄧惠真三千人襲豫章。 子勛遣軍主談秀之等七千人，與應期相拒於西昌，築營壘，交戰不能決。 聞上將自下，秀之等退散。 事平，徵爲尚書庫部郎、征北中兵參軍、西陽縣子，帶南東莞太守、越騎校尉、正員郎、劉韞撫軍長史、襄陽太守。 別封贛縣子，邑三百戶，固辭不受。 轉寧朔將軍、廣興相。
He first served as attendant in the Prince of Xunyang's household, was called up as the province's western bureau secretary, and was sent out as magistrate of Gan. When Prince Zixun of Jin'an, inspector of Jiangzhou, rose in revolt, he refused the summons; Shen Suzhi, administrator of Nankang, had him bound in the commandery prison. His kinsman Xiao Xinzu, his client Huan Kang, and others broke into the yamen and freed him. Suzhi came after him with several hundred officers and clerks. He fought them off with his companions, captured Suzhi alive, took more than a hundred heads, and then led a band of just over a hundred men to raise arms for the cause. Yin Fu, administrator of Shixing, was marching ten thousand men to Zixun at Xunyang. Some urged an attack, but seeing he was too few, he slipped into the Jieyang hills and built his force to three thousand. Zixun sent his general Dai Kaizhi to hold Nankang as administrator, backed by the army commander Zhang Zongzhi with more than a thousand troops. He marched on the seat, cut down several hundred of Cheng Chao's men—Kaizhi's detached commander—at the Nankang crossing, then smashed Zhang Zongzhi and took his head, and laid siege to the walled city. Kaizhi held on with several thousand men. He led the assault in person from dawn to dusk; when the walls gave way Kaizhi ran, and Tao Chongzhi, the rebel appointee as magistrate of Gan, was killed. He seized the city and sent Zhang Yingqi and Deng Huizhen with three thousand men to raid Yuzhang. Zixun sent Tan Xiuzhi and seven thousand men. They met Yingqi at Xichang, threw up camps, and fought to a standstill. When they heard he was marching down himself, Xiuzhi's force broke apart. After peace was restored he was called to court as gentleman of the palace treasury and northern-campaign middle army aide, enfeoffed as Baron of Xiyang with three hundred households, and given concurrent posts as administrator of South Dongguan, colonel of fast cavalry, regular gentleman, and chief clerk on Liu Yun's pacifying staff, with acting charge of Xiangyang. A separate enfeoffment as Baron of Gan, three hundred households, was offered; he refused it outright. He was moved to General Who Pacifies the North and made administrator of Guangxing.
4
桂陽王休範反，上遣軍襲尋陽，至北嶠，事平，除晉熙王安西諮議，不拜，復還郡。 轉司徒右長史、黃門郎。 沈攸之在荊楚，宋朝密爲之備。 元徽四年，以上爲晉熙王鎮西長史、江夏內史、行郢州事。 順帝立，徵晉熙王燮爲撫軍、揚州刺史，以上爲左衛將軍，輔燮俱下。 沈攸之事起，未得朝廷處分，上以中流可以待敵，卽據盆口城爲戰守之備。 太祖聞之，喜曰：「此真我子也！」 上表求西討，不許，乃遣偏軍援郢。 平西將軍黃回等皆受上節度。 加上冠軍將軍、持節。 昇明二年，事平，轉散騎常侍，都督江州、豫州之新蔡、晉熙二郡軍事，征虜將軍，江州刺史，持節如故。 封聞喜縣侯，邑二千戶。 其年，徵侍中、領軍將軍。 給鼓吹一部。 府置佐史。 領石頭戍軍事。 尋又加持節、督京畿諸軍事。 三年，轉散騎常侍、尚書僕射、中軍大將軍、開府儀同三司，進爵爲公，持節、都督、領軍如故。 給班劔二十人。
When Prince Xiufan of Guiyang rose, he sent a column against Xunyang. At Beiqiao he heard the trouble was over; the court named him adviser to the Pacifying-West prince of Jinxi, but he would not take the post and went back to his seat. He was transferred to right chief clerk of the secretariat and gentleman at the yellow gate. Shen Youzhi held Jing and Chu, and the Song court quietly braced itself against him. In Yuanhui 4 he was made chief clerk to the Pacifying-West prince of Jinxi, interior administrator of Jiangxia, and acting inspector of Ying. When Emperor Shun took the throne, Prince Xie of Jinxi was called in as pacifying army general and inspector of Yangzhou; he was made left guards general and went south with Xie. Shen Youzhi's revolt flared before the court could act. Judging that the mid-Yangtze choke point could stop the enemy, he seized Penkou and readied it for war. The Grand Progenitor heard and said in delight, "This is truly my son!" He asked leave to march west; the throne refused, but sent a flank force to reinforce Ying. Huang Hui, Pacifying-West general, and the other commanders all fell under his orders. He was further promoted to champion general and given the staff of authority. In Shengming 2, after victory, he became palace attendant, commanding Jiangzhou and the Yuzhou commanderies of Xincai and Jinxi, was made general who punishes the barbarians and inspector of Jiang, and kept his staff. He was enfeoffed as Marquis of Wenxi, two thousand households. That year he was called to court as palace attendant and director of the army. He was granted a full set of martial pipes and drums. Aides and clerks were posted to his establishment. He took charge of the Stone City garrison. Soon he was given the staff again and command over every army of the capital region. In the third year he became palace attendant, vice director of the masters of writing, grand general of the central army, and privy counselor equal to the three excellencies; he was raised to duke while keeping his staff, his command, and the army directorship. Twenty ceremonial swords were granted him.
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齊國建，爲齊公世子，改加侍中、南豫州刺史，給油絡車，羽葆鼓吹，增班劔爲四十人。 以石頭爲世子宮，官置二率以下，坊省服章，一如東宮。 進爵王太子。 太祖卽位，爲皇太子。
When Qi was founded he became heir of the duke of Qi, was further made palace attendant and inspector of South Yuzhou, and received an oil-railed carriage, feathered canopy pipes and drums, and forty ceremonial swords. Stone City became the heir's palace. Officers were appointed down from the two commanders; wards, offices, dress, and insignia mirrored the crown prince's household. He was advanced to royal heir. When the Grand Progenitor ascended, he was made crown prince.
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建元四年三月壬戌，太祖崩，上卽位，大赦。 征鎮州郡令長軍屯營部，各行喪三日，不得擅離任，都邑城守防備幢隊，一不得還。 乙丑，稱先帝遺詔，以司徒褚淵錄尚書事，尚書左僕射王儉爲尚書令，車騎將軍張敬兒爲開府儀同三司。 詔曰：「喪禮雖有定制，先旨每存簡約，內官可三日一還臨，外官間日一還臨。 後有大喪皆如之。」 丁卯，以右衛將軍呂安國爲司州刺史。 庚午，以司空豫章王嶷爲太尉。 癸酉，詔曰：「城直之制，歷代宜同，頃歲逋弛，遂以萬計。 雖在憲宜懲，而原心可亮。 積年逋城，可悉原蕩。 自茲以後，申明舊科，有違糾裁。」 庚辰，詔曰：「比歲未稔，貧窮不少，京師二岸，多有其弊。 遣中書舍人優量賑䘏。」
the fourth year of Jianyuan, third month, day renxu: the Grand Progenitor died. He took the throne at once and proclaimed a general amnesty. Garrisons, prefectures, counties, military colonies, and camps were told to keep three days of mourning and not quit their posts; in the capital, wall guards, pennant companies, and patrols were forbidden to go home. Day yichou: by the late emperor's will, Chu Yuan, minister of works, became recorder of the master of writing; Wang Jian, left vice director, director of the master of writing; Zhang Jing'er, general of agile cavalry, privy counselor equal to the three excellencies. An edict said: "Mourning has its statutes, but the late sovereign always favored simplicity. Inner officials may come to mourn once every three days; outer officials on alternate days. Let all future great mourning follow this rule." Day dingmao: Lü Anguo, right guards general, was made inspector of Si. Day gengwu: Prince Xiao of Yuzhang, minister of works, was made grand tutor. Day guiyou: an edict said: "Corvée for city works ought to be uniform through the ages, yet lately it has gone slack until defaulters run to tens of thousands. The law calls for punishment, yet their intent may be forgiven. Every backlog of corvée debt is remitted in full. From now on the old statutes stand again; whoever breaks them will be called to account." Day gengchen: an edict said: "Years of poor harvest have left many in want, and on both banks of the capital the distress is worst. Gentlemen of the palace secretariat are sent to measure out relief with care."
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夏四月丙午，以輔國將軍張倪爲兖州刺史。 辛卯，追尊穆妃爲皇后。
Summer, fourth month, day bingwu: Zhang Ni, assistant general, was made inspector of Yan. Day xinmao: Consort Mu was raised posthumously to empress.
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五月乙丑，以丹陽尹聞喜公子良爲南徐州刺史。 甲戌，以新除左衛將軍垣崇祖爲豫州刺史。 癸未，詔曰：「頃水雨頻降，潮流薦滿，二岸居民，多所淹漬。 遣中書舍人與兩縣官長優量賑䘏。」
Fifth month, day yichou: Ziliang, son of the marquis of Wenxi and administrator of Danyang, was made inspector of South Xuzhou. Day jiaxu: Yuan Chongzu, newly made left guards general, was given Yuzhou. Day guiwei: an edict said: "Rain has fallen again and again and the rivers stand in flood; on both banks many homes are under water. Gentlemen of the palace secretariat are sent with the magistrates of the two counties to measure out relief with care."
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六月甲申，立皇太子長懋。 詔申壬戌赦恩百日。 乙酉，以鄱陽王鏘爲雍州刺史，臨汝公子卿爲郢州刺史。 甲午，以寧朔將軍臧靈智爲越州刺史。 丙申，立皇太子妃王氏。 進封聞喜公子良爲竟陵王，臨汝公子卿爲廬陵王，應城公子敬爲安陸王，江陵公子懋爲晉安王，枝江公子隆爲隨郡王，皇子子真爲建安王，皇孫昭業爲南郡王。 戊戌，詔曰：「水潦爲患，星緯乖序。 京都囚繫，可剋日訊決； 諸遠獄委刺史以時察判。 建康、秣陵二縣貧民加賑賜，必令周悉。 吳興、義興遭水縣，蠲除租調。」 癸卯，以司徒褚淵爲司空、驃騎將軍。
Sixth month, day jiashen: Crown Prince Changmao was installed. An edict extended the renxu amnesty for another hundred days. Day yiyou: Prince Xiao of Poyang took Yongzhou; Ziqing, son of the prince of Linru, took Ying. Day jiawu: Zang Lingzhi, general who pacifies the north, was made inspector of Yue. Day bingshen: Lady Wang was installed as crown princess. Day wuxu: Ziliang of Wenxi became prince of Jingling; Ziqing of Linru, prince of Luling; Zijing of Yingcheng, prince of Anlu; Zimao of Jiangling, prince of Jin'an; Zilong of Zhijiang, prince of Suixiang; the imperial son Zizhen, prince of Jian'an; the imperial grandson Zhaoye, prince of Nan. Day wuxu: an edict said: "Flood and misrule in the heavens alike afflict the realm. Capital prisoners may be tried and sentenced at once; distant jails are left to the inspectors to judge in good time. The poor of Jiankang and Moling are to be relieved until no one is missed. In the water-stricken counties of Wuxing and Yixing, land tax and levies are forgiven." Day guimao: Chu Yuan, minister of works, became minister of works and general of agile cavalry.
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秋七月庚申，以衛尉蕭順之爲豫州刺史。 壬戌，以冠軍將軍垣榮祖爲青、冀二州刺史。
Autumn, seventh month, day gengshen: Xiao Shunzhi, commandant of the guards, was made inspector of Yu. Day renxu: Yuan Rongzu, champion general, was given Qing and Ji.
11
八月癸卯，司徒褚淵薨。
Eighth month, day guimao: Chu Yuan died.
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九月丁巳，以國哀故，罷國子學。 己巳，以前軍將軍姜伯起爲秦州刺史。 辛未，以征南將軍王僧虔爲左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司，尚書右僕射王奐爲湘州刺史。
Ninth month, day dingsi: for the national mourning, the Imperial University was closed. Day jisi: Jiang Boqi, forward general, was made inspector of Qin. Day xinwei: Wang Sengqian, general who punishes the south, became left grandee of the palace and privy counselor equal to the three excellencies; Wang Huan, right vice director of the masters of writing, was made inspector of Xiang.
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冬十二月己丑，詔曰：「緣淮戍將，久處邊勞，三元行始，宜沾恩慶。 可遣中書舍人宣旨臨會。 後每歲皆如之。」 庚子，以太子左衛率戴僧靜爲徐州刺史。
Winter, twelfth month, day jichou: an edict said: "The Huai garrisons have borne the border's weight for years; at the opening of the third-month rites they should taste the court's favor. Let gentlemen of the palace secretariat carry the edict and join the gatherings. Let this be done every year hereafter." Day gengzi: Dai Jingjing, left commander of the crown prince's guard, was made inspector of Xu.
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永明元年春正月辛亥，車駕祠南郊，大赦，改元。 壬子，詔內外羣僚各舉朕違，肆心規諫。 又詔王公卿士，各舉所知，隨方登敘。 詔曰：「經邦之寄，實資莅民，守宰祿俸，蓋有恆准。 往以邊虞告警，故沿時損益； 今區宇寧晏，庶績咸熙，念勤簡能，宜加優獎。 郡縣丞尉，可還田秩。」 太尉豫章王嶷領太子太傅，護軍將軍長沙王晃爲南徐州刺史，鎮北將軍竟陵王子良爲南兖州刺史。 庚申，以侍中蕭景先爲中領軍。 壬戌，立皇弟銳爲南平王，鏗爲宜都王，皇子子明爲武昌王，子罕爲南海王。 甲子，爲築青溪舊宮，詔槊仗瞻履。
Yongming 1, spring, first month, day xinhai: the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Altar, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the reign title. Day renzi: an edict called on every officer, inside and outside the palace, to name the emperor's faults and speak without fear. A second edict told princes, dukes, and gentlemen to put forward men they knew, to be appointed as their gifts allowed. An edict said: "To govern the realm is to govern the people; the pay of prefects and magistrates should stand on a fixed scale. When the frontier was on alert, pay was trimmed or raised with the hour; now the realm is quiet and every task thrives. Let diligence and talent be rewarded. County aides and constables may draw their field stipends again." Grand Tutor Prince Xiao of Yuzhang became grand tutor to the crown prince; Prince Huang of Changsha, director of the army, inspector of South Xuzhou; Prince Ziliang of Jingling, pacifying-north general, inspector of South Yanzhou. Day gengshen: Xiao Jingxian, palace attendant, was made director of the central army. Day renxu: the emperor's brother Rui became prince of Nanping; Keng, prince of Yidu; the imperial son Ziming, prince of Wuchang; Zihan, prince of Nanhai. Day jiazi: rebuilding the old Qingxi palace, an edict granted halberds, arms, and shoes for the inspection tour.
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二月辛巳，以征虜將軍楊炅爲沙州刺史。 辛丑，以隴西公宕昌王梁彌機爲河、涼二州刺史，東羌王像舒彭爲西涼州刺史。
Second month, day xinsi: Yang Jiong, general who punishes the barbarians, was made inspector of Sha. Day xinchou: Liang Miji, king of Dangchang under the duke of Longxi, was given He and Liang; Xiang Shupeng, king of the Eastern Qiang, was made inspector of Western Liang.
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三月癸丑，詔曰：「宋德將季，風軌陵遲，列宰庶邦，彌失其序，遷謝遄速，公私凋弊。 泰運初基，草昧惟始，思述先範，永隆治根。 莅民之職，一以小滿爲限。 其有聲績剋舉，厚加甄異； 理務無庸，隨時代黜。」 丙辰，詔曰：「朕自丁荼毒，奄便周忌，瞻言負荷，若墜淵壑。 而遠圖尚蔽，政刑未理，星緯失序，陰陽愆度。 思播先澤，兼酬天眚，可申辛亥赦恩五十日，以期訖爲始。 京師囚繫，悉皆原宥。 三署軍徒，優量降遣。 都邑鰥寡尤貧，詳加賑䘏。」 戊寅，詔「四方見囚，罪無輕重，及劫賊餘口長徒勑繫，悉原赦。 逋負督贓，建元四年三月以前，皆特除。」
Third month, day guichou: an edict said: "Song's virtue is spent; manners and law have fallen; prefects everywhere have lost their measure; posts turn over too fast, and state and folk alike are exhausted. Qi's fortune is new and the age still at its dawn. We mean to follow the old model and plant the root of rule for ages. The term for governing the people is fixed at one xiaoman; Men of clear merit are to be marked out and richly rewarded; men who govern without use are to be cast aside as the times demand." 」On the day bingchen an edict ran: "Since I took up mourning's bitter weight, the yearly memorial is already upon me; when I look at what I must carry, it is as though I were falling into an abyss. Grand designs are still veiled, law and punishment unsettled, the heavens out of their courses, yin and yang awry. I would spread the grace of old and answer heaven's scourge: let the xinhai amnesty run fifty days more, reckoned from the day the last term closed. Every prisoner in the capital is to go free. Convicts in the three offices are to be reviewed with lenience and either reduced in sentence or released. Widows and orphans in the capital who are destitute are to be relieved with care. 」On wuyin an edict declared: "Every prisoner in the realm, whatever the crime, and every leftover hostage of bandits and every long-term convict held by imperial warrant—all are forgiven. Tax arrears and debts from official corruption before the third month of Jianyuan's fourth year are all wiped clean."
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夏四月壬午，詔曰：「魏矜袁紹，恩洽丘墓； 晉亮兩王，榮覃餘裔。 二代弘義，前載美談。 袁粲、劉秉與先朝同獎宋室，沈攸之於景和之世，特有迺心，雖末節不終，而始誠可錄。 歲月彌往，宜特優降。 粲、秉前年改葬塋兆，未修材槨，可爲經理，令粗足周禮。 攸之及其諸子喪柩在西者，可符荊州送反舊墓，在所爲營葬事。」
In summer, the fourth month, on renwu, an edict said: "Wei pitied Yuan Shao, and kindness reached his grave; Jin honored the two Princes of Langya, and honor fell on their line. Two dynasties made much of such righteousness; older annals praise it still. Yuan Can and Liu Bing stood with the former court in rewarding the Song house; in the Jinghe years Shen Youzhi likewise showed true allegiance. Their last days failed them, but their first loyalty deserves the record. Time has gone on; they should be shown special favor now. Can and Bing were moved to new graves the year before last, yet their coffins were never finished; let the work be done so that Zhou ritual is roughly met. Youzhi and his sons, whose coffins still lie in the west, are to be sent back from Jing Province to their ancestral graves; wherever they rest, let burial be provided."
18
五月丁酉，車騎將軍張敬兒伏誅。
In the fifth month, on dingyou, Cavalry General Zhang Jinger was put to death.
19
六月丙寅，詔「凡坐事應覆治者，在建元四年三月已前，皆原宥。」
In the sixth month, on bingyin, an edict: "All cases that should be reheard, if the offense fell before the third month of Jianyuan's fourth year, are forgiven."
20
秋七月戊戌，新除左光祿大夫王僧虔加特進。
In autumn, the seventh month, on wuxu, Wang Sengqian, newly made Left Grandee of the Bright, was promoted to special advancement.
21
九月己卯，以荊州刺史臨川王映爲驃騎將軍，冠軍將軍廬陵王子卿爲荊州刺史，吳郡太守安陸侯緬爲郢州刺史。
In the ninth month, on jimao, Prince Ying of Linchuan became Fast Cavalry General; Champion General Prince Ziqing of Luling became inspector of Jing; Anlu Marquis Mian, administrator of Wu commandery, became inspector of Ying.
22
二年春正月乙亥，以司州刺史呂安國爲南兖州刺史，征北將軍竟陵王子良爲護軍將軍兼司徒，征北長史劉悛爲司州刺史。 丙子，以右光祿大夫王延之爲特進。
In the second year, spring, the first month, on yihai, Si's inspector Lü Anguo was shifted to South Yanzhou; Northern Expedition General Prince Ziliang of Jiling became guardian general and concurrent minister of works; Northern Expedition chief clerk Liu Dun became inspector of Si. On bingzi, Right Grandee of the Bright Wang Yanzhi was promoted to special advancement.
23
三月乙亥，以吳興太守張岱爲南兖州刺史，前將軍王奐爲江州刺史，平北將軍呂安國爲湘州刺史。 戊寅，以少府趙景翼爲廣州刺史。
In the third month, on yihai, Wuxing's administrator Zhang Dai became inspector of South Yanzhou; former general Wang Huan became inspector of Jiang; Pacifying North General Lü Anguo became inspector of Xiang. On wuyin, Junior Chamberlain Zhao Jingyi became inspector of Guang.
24
夏四月甲辰，詔「揚、南徐、南兖、徐、兖五州統內諸獄，幷、豫、江三州府州見囚，江州尋陽、新蔡兩郡繫獄，竝部送還臺，須候克日斷枉直。 緣江遠郡及諸州，委刺史詳察訊。」 己巳，以寧朔將軍程法勤爲寧州刺史。
In summer, the fourth month, on jiachen, an edict: "Every prison in Yang, South Xu, South Yan, Xu, and Yan, every prisoner held in Bing, Yu, and Jiang and in their prefectural seats, and every prisoner in Jiang's Xunyang and Xincai—all are to be sent to court and judged on a fixed day. Remote river districts and the other provinces are left to their inspectors to examine and try in full." On jisi, Pacifying North General Cheng Faqin became inspector of Ning.
25
六月癸卯，車駕幸中堂聽訟。 乙巳，以安陸王子敬爲南兖州刺史。 戊申，以黃門侍郎崔平仲爲青、冀二州刺史。
In the sixth month, on guimao, the emperor went to the Central Hall to hear lawsuits. On yisi, Prince Zijing of Anlu became inspector of South Yanzhou. On wushen, Yellow Gate Gentleman Cui Pingzhong became inspector of Qing and Ji.
26
秋七月癸未，詔曰：「夫樂所自生，先哲垂誥，禮不忘本，積代同風。 是以漢光遲回于南陽，魏文殷勤於譙國。 青溪宮體天含暉，則地棲寶，光定靈源，允集符命。 在昔期運初開，經綸方遠，繕築之勞，我則未暇。 時流事往，永惟哽咽。 朕以寡薄，嗣奉鴻基，思存締構，式表王迹。 考星創制，揆日興功，子來告畢，規摹昭備。 宜申釁落之禮，以暢感尉之懷，可克日小會。」 甲申，立皇子子倫爲巴陵王。
In autumn, the seventh month, on guiwei, an edict said: "The sages taught that music springs from the soil of home; ritual never forgets its root—the same wind blows through every age. Han's Founder longed for Nanyang; Wei's Founder kept faith with Qiao. Qingxi Palace takes in heaven's light and earth's treasure, fixes the numinous spring, and gathered the marks of mandate. When the age first turned and the realm was still being woven together, I had no leisure for walls and repairs. Years run on, work is left undone, and the thought still stops my breath. I, thin in merit, have inherited the great foundation; I mean to keep what my fathers built and show the trace of kingship. I read the stars to set the design, chose the day to raise the work; the people answered like children, and the plan stands complete. Let the rite that clears the new beams be performed, to ease what weighs on the heart; choose a day for a small gathering." On jiashen, the emperor's son Zilun was made Prince of Baling.
27
八月丙午，車駕幸舊宮小會，設金石樂，在位者賦詩。 詔申「京師獄及三署見徒，量所降宥。 領宮職司，詳賜幣帛」。 戊申，車駕幸玄武湖講武。 甲子，詔曰：「窆枯掩骼，義重前誥，䘏老哀癃，寔惟令典。 朕永思民瘼，弗忘鑒寐。 聲憓未敷，物多乖所。 京師二縣，或有久墳毀發，可隨宜掩埋。 遺骸未櫬，竝加斂瘞。 疾病窮困不能自存者，詳爲條格，竝加沾賚。」
In the eighth month, on bingwu, the emperor went to the old palace for the small assembly; bronze and stone music sounded, and the court wrote poems. An edict ran: "Prisoners in the capital and convicts in the three offices are to be pardoned as measure allows. Palace offices are to review the cases and grant silks and cloth as fitting." On wushen, the emperor went to Black Tortoise Lake to review the troops. On jiazi, an edict said: "To bury the dead and cover exposed bones was weighty righteousness in the old teachings; to comfort the aged and pity the sick is the true canon of rule. I think constantly of the people's pain and do not forget it waking or sleeping. Mercy has not yet reached every corner; too many lives still stand wronged. In the capital's two counties some old graves have been broken open; let them be reburied where need dictates. Where bones lie without coffins, let them all be gathered in and buried. Those who are ill, poor, and cannot live by their own labor—draw up clear rules and grant relief to them all."
28
冬十月丁巳，以桂陽王鑠爲南徐州刺史。
In winter, the tenth month, on dingsi, Prince Shuo of Guiyang became inspector of South Xu.
29
十一月丁亥，以始興王鑒爲益州刺史。
In the eleventh month, on dinghai, Prince Jian of Shixing became inspector of Yi.
30
三年春正月丙辰，以大司農劉楷爲交州刺史，安西諮議參軍崔慶緒爲梁、南秦二州刺史。 甲申，以晉安王子懋爲南豫州刺史。 辛卯，車駕祀南郊，大赦。 都邑三百里內罪應入重者，降一等，餘依赦制。 劾繫之身，降遣有差。 賑䘏二縣貧民。 又詔曰：「《春秋國語》云『生民之有學斅，猶樹木之有枝葉。』 果行育德，咸必由茲。 在昔開運，光宅華夏，方弘典謨，克隆教思，命彼有司，崇建庠塾。 甫就經始，仍離屯故，仰瞻徽猷，歲月彌遠。 今遐邇一體，車軌同文，宜高選學官，廣延胄子。」 又詔「守宰親民之要，刺史案部所先，宜嚴課農桑，相土揆時，必窮地利。 若耕蠶殊衆，足厲浮墮者，所在卽便列奏。 其違方驕矜，佚事妨農，亦以名聞。 將明賞罰，以勸勤怠。 校覈殿最，歲竟考課，以申黜陟。」
In the third year, spring, the first month, on bingchen, Grand Minister of Agriculture Liu Kai became inspector of Jiao; Western Pacification adviser Cui Qingxu became inspector of Liang and South Qin. On jiashen, Prince Zimao of Jin'an became inspector of South Yu. On xinmao, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Altar and proclaimed a great amnesty. Within three hundred li of the capital, offenses that would have drawn the heaviest penalty were reduced one grade; all else followed the amnesty code. Prisoners held on impeachment were released or reduced by degree. The two capital counties received relief for their poor. Another edict said: "The Spring and Autumn and the Discourses tell us: 'When the people have learning, it is like a tree with branches and leaves. Conduct bears fruit and virtue puts out shoots—both grow only here. When the age first turned and light filled Huaxia, the court spread the canon and doubled the reach of teaching; ministers were ordered to raise schools. Work had scarcely begun when hardship tore it apart again; the noble pattern still shines, but the years slip farther away. Now far and near are one realm, wheel-ruts and writing alike; let study officers be chosen with care and the sons of the great houses be gathered in wide." Another edict: "For governors who live among the people, and for inspectors on circuit, the first duty is strict attention to plough and loom, reading the soil and watching the season until every advantage of the land is used. Where farming and silk work excel and shame the idle, let the place report at once. Those who swagger outside local custom and neglect duty to harm the fields are likewise to be named in report. Reward and punishment will be made plain to spur the diligent and rebuke the slack. At year's end let achievements be weighed, the annual review completed, and promotion and demotion applied."
31
二月辛丑，車駕禮祠北郊。
In the second month, on xinchou, the emperor sacrificed at the Northern Altar.
32
夏四月戊戌，以新除右衛將軍豫章王世子子響爲豫州刺史，輔國將軍桓敬爲兖州刺史。
In summer, the fourth month, on wuxu, the newly appointed Right Guards General, Yuzhang heir Prince Zixiang, became inspector of Yu; Assisting State General Huan Jing became inspector of Yan.
33
五月乙未，詔曰：「氓俗凋弊，于茲永久，雖年穀時登，而歉乏比室。 凡單丁之身及煢獨而秩養養孤者，竝蠲今年田租。」 是月，省總明觀。
In the fifth month, on yiwei, an edict said: "The land has been worn thin for years; though harvests come in season, want still presses every door. Every household of a single man, and every widow or solitary who lives on stipend while raising orphans—all are freed from this year's land tax." That month the Zongming Observatory was abolished.
34
六月庚戌，進河南王度易侯爲車騎將軍。
In the sixth month, on gengxu, the King of Henan, Duke Yidu, was promoted to cavalry general.
35
秋七月辛丑，詔「丹陽所領及餘二百里內見囚，同集京師； 自此以外，委州郡決斷。」 甲戌，左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司王僧虔薨。 丁亥，以驃騎中兵參軍董仲舒爲寧州刺史。
In autumn, the seventh month, on xinchou, an edict: "Prisoners under Danyang and within two hundred li beyond are to be brought to the capital; beyond that line, provinces and commanderies are to decide." On jiaxu, Wang Sengqian, Left Grandee of the Bright and palace grandee with golden seal and purple cord, died. On dinghai, Fast Cavalry central corps commander Dong Zhongshu became inspector of Ning.
36
八月乙未，車駕幸中堂聽訟。 丁巳，以行宕昌王梁彌頡爲河、涼二州刺史。 戊午，以尚書令王儉領太子少傅，太子詹事蕭順之爲領軍將軍。
In the eighth month, on yiwei, the emperor went to the Central Hall to hear lawsuits. On dingsi, acting King of Dangchang Liang Miqie became inspector of He and Liang. On wuwu, Minister of Works Wang Jian was made tutor of the heir apparent as well; heir apparent household administrator Xiao Shunzhi became colonel director of retainers.
37
冬十月壬戌，詔曰：「皇太子長懋講畢，當釋奠，王公以下可悉往觀禮。」
In winter, the tenth month, on renxu, an edict said: "When Crown Prince Changmao completes his lectures, the libation is due; princes and officials may all attend."
38
十一月乙丑，以冠軍將軍王文仲爲青、冀二州刺史。
In the eleventh month, on yichou, Champion General Wang Wenzhong became inspector of Qing and Ji.
39
十二月丁酉，詔曰：「九穀之重，八材爲末，是故潔粢豐盛，祝史無愧於辭，不籍千畝，周宣所以貽諫。 昔期運初啓，庶政草昧，三推之典，我則未暇。 朕嗣奉鴻基，思隆先軌，載耒躬親，率由舊式。 可以開春發歲，敬簡元辰，鳴青鸞於東郊，冕朱紘而莅事。 仰薦宗禋，俯勗黔皁，將使囷庾內充，遺秉外牣。 旣富而教，茲焉攸在。」
In the twelfth month, on dingyou, an edict said: "Grain is the root and timber the branch; when the offering is pure and full, the temple clerk need not blush at his words, but to leave the thousand-acre field untilled is the reproof Zhou's King Xuan handed down. When the mandate first dawned and government was still raw, I had no leisure for the thrice-pushed rite. I have taken the great foundation and mean to lift up the old path; I will take the plough in my own hands and follow the ancient form. When spring opens the year, choose the primal day with care; let the green luan ring in the eastern suburb, and let me come forth in vermilion cap-strings to preside. I will offer to the ancestral temple above and urge the common people below, until the granaries within are full and grain stands thick in the fields without. Only after plenty comes teaching—that is the order of rule."
40
是夏，琅邪郡旱。 百姓芟除枯苗，至秋擢穎大熟。
That summer Langye commandery suffered drought. The people cut back the withered shoots; when autumn came the grain headed out and the harvest ran rich.
41
四年春正月甲子，以南琅邪、彭城二郡太守隨郡王子隆爲江州刺史，征虜長史張瓌爲雍州刺史，征虜將軍薛淵爲徐州刺史，護軍將軍兼司徒竟陵王子良進號車騎將軍。 富陽人唐㝢之反，聚衆桐廬，破富陽、錢塘等縣，害東陽太守蕭崇之。 遣宿衛兵出討，伏誅。 丁酉，冠軍將軍、馬軍主陳天福坐討唐㝢之燒掠百姓，棄市。 辛卯，車駕幸中堂策秀才。
In the fourth year, spring, the first month, on jiazi, Suizhou Prince Zilong, who governed South Langye and Pengcheng, became inspector of Jiang; Conquering the Barbarians chief clerk Zhang Gui became inspector of Yong; Conquering the Barbarians General Xue Yuan became inspector of Xu; Guardian General and concurrent minister of works Prince Ziliang of Jiling was promoted to cavalry general. Tang Yuzhi of Fuyang rose in revolt, gathered men at Tonglu, overran Fuyang, Qiantang, and neighboring counties, and killed Dongyang's administrator Xiao Chongzhi. The palace guard marched out against him; he was captured and put to death. On dingyou, Champion General and horse-army commander Chen Tianfu, who had burned and looted the countryside while hunting Tang Yuzhi, was executed in the marketplace. On xinmao, the emperor went to the Central Hall to examine the cultivated talents.
42
閏月癸巳，立皇子子貞爲邵陵王，皇孫昭文爲臨汝公。 丁未，以武都王楊集始爲北秦州刺史。 辛亥，車駕籍田。 詔曰：「夫耕籍所以表敬，親載所以率民。 朕景行前規，躬執良耜，千畛咸事，六稔可期，教義克宣，誠感兼暢。 重以天符靈貺，歲月鱗萃，寶鼎開玉匣之祥，嘉禾發同穗之穎，甘露凝暉於坰牧，神爵騫翥於蘭囿。 斯乃宗稷之慶，豈寡薄所臻！ 思俾休和，覃茲黔皁，見刑罪殊死以下，悉原宥。 諸逋負在三年以前尤窮弊者，一皆蠲除。 孝悌力田，詳授爵位，孤老貧窮，賜穀十石。 凡欲附農而糧種闕乏者，竝加給貸，務在優厚。」 癸丑，以始興內史劉勑爲廣州刺史。 甲寅，以籍田禮畢，車駕幸閱武堂勞酒小會，詔賜王公以下在位者帛有差。 戊午，車駕幸宣武堂講武。 詔曰：「今親閱六師，少長有禮，領馭羣帥，可量班賜。」
In the intercalary month, on guisi, the emperor's son Zizhen was made Prince of Shaoling; his grandson Zhaowen was made Duke of Linru. On dingwei, Prince Yang Jishi of Wudu became inspector of North Qin. On xinhai, the emperor performed the ploughing rite. An edict said: "The ceremonial ploughing shows reverence; to drive the carriage oneself is to lead the people. I followed the old rule and took up the good plough with my own hands; a thousand furrows were opened, six years of grain lay ahead, and teaching and duty rang clear through the land. Heaven added its signs: the sacred tripod showed the omen of the jade casket, fine grain bore twin ears on one stalk, sweet dew shone on the open fields, and the divine sparrow rose in the orchid park. Such joy belongs to the altars of the realm—surely not to my thin worth alone! I seek peace for the land and grace that reaches the black-haired masses: every sentence short of death is forgiven. Debts three years old or more, where hardship is worst, are wiped clean. The filial, the brotherly, and the strong farmers receive ranks in full measure; orphans, the aged, and the poor receive ten piculs of grain each. Whoever would return to the fields but lacks seed gets a loan on generous terms. Day guichou: Liu Le, interior minister of Shixing, was appointed inspector of Guangzhou. Day jiayin: after the plowing rite the emperor went to the Review Martial Hall for a small wine feast with the troops and ordered graded gifts of silk for every lord and officer present. Day wuwu: the emperor went to the Xuanwu Hall to review arms. An edict ran: "I have just reviewed the Six Armies myself; young and old kept their places. Let the commanders be rewarded by rank."
43
二月己未，立皇弟銶爲晉熙王，鉉爲河東王。 庚寅，以光祿大夫王玄載爲兖州刺史。
Second month, day jiwei: the emperor's brother Xu was made king of Jinxi and Xuan king of Hedong. Day gengyin: Wang Xuanzai, grandee of splendid happiness, took Yanzhou.
44
三月辛亥，國子講《孝經》，車駕幸學，賜國子祭酒、博士、助教絹各有差。
Third month, day xinhai: the National University lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety; the emperor visited the academy and gave graded gifts of silk to the director, the erudites, and the assistants.
45
夏四月丁亥，以尚書左僕射柳世隆爲湘州刺史。 臨沂縣麥不登，刈爲馬芻，至夏更苗秀。
Summer, fourth month, day dinghai: Liu Shilong, left vice director of the Secretariat, was made inspector of Xiang. At Linyi the wheat failed; they mowed it for horse fodder, and by summer it had sprouted anew.
46
五月癸巳，詔「揚、南徐二州，今年戶租三分二取見布，一分取錢。 來歲以後，遠近諸州輸錢處，竝減布直，匹准四百，依舊折半，以爲永制。」 丙午，以吳興太守西昌侯鸞爲中領軍。
Fifth month, day guisi: an edict fixed this year's household levy in Yang and South Xu—two parts cloth on hand, one part cash. From next year on, wherever coin is paid in, cut the cloth assessment: each bolt at four hundred, then halved as before—this forever." Day bingwu: Luan, marquis of Xichang and administrator of Wuxing, became central commander of the army.
47
秋八月辛酉，以鎮南長史蕭惠休爲廣州刺史。
Autumn, eighth month, day xinyou: Xiao Huixiu, chief administrator of the south garrison, took Guangzhou.
48
九月甲寅，以征虜將軍王廣之爲徐州刺史。
Ninth month, day jiayin: Wang Guangzhi, general who conquers the barbarians, was made inspector of Xu.
49
冬十二月乙亥，以東中郎司馬崔惠景爲司州刺史。
Winter, twelfth month, day yihai: Cui Huijing, chief administrator of the eastern palace guard, took Sizhou.
50
五年春正月，戊子，以太尉豫章王嶷爲大司馬，車騎將軍竟陵王子良爲司徒，驃騎將軍臨川王映、衛將軍王儉、中軍將軍王敬則並本號開府儀同三司，都官尚書沈文季爲郢州刺史，左將軍安陸王子敬爲荊州刺史，征虜將軍晉安王子懋爲南兖州刺史，輔國將軍建安王子真爲南豫州刺史。 辛卯，詔曰：「朕昧爽丕顯，思康民瘼。 雖年穀亟登，而饑饉代有。 今履端肇運，陽和告始，宜協時休，覃茲黎庶。 諸孤老貧病，竝賜糧餼，遣使親賦，每存均普。」 雍、司二州蠻虜屢動，丁酉，遣丹陽尹蕭景先出平陽，護軍將軍陳顯達出宛、葉。
Fifth year, spring, first month, day wuzi: Grand Commandant Xiao Yi, king of Yuzhang, became grand marshal; General of Chariots and Cavalry Xiao Ziliang, king of Jingling, became minister of works; Xiao Ying, king of Linchuan, Wang Jian, and Wang Jingze kept their ranks and were all made grandees with golden seal and ceremonial parity with the Three Excellencies; Shen Wenji, director of justice, took Yingzhou; Xiao Zijing, prince of Anlu, took Jingzhou; Xiao Zimao, prince of Jin'an, took South Yanzhou; Xiao Zizhen, prince of Jian'an, took South Yuzhou. Day xinmao: an edict said, "I rise before dawn, yet the age is not yet clear; I mean to ease the people's wounds. Harvests may pile up, yet hunger still comes generation after generation. At the year's hinge, when spring warmth begins, let the season's grace reach every commoner. Orphans, the aged, the sick, and the poor receive grain; envoys deliver it in person, with an even hand for all." Barbarians in Yong and Si rose again and again; day dingyou: Xiao Jingxian, palace attendant, marched to pacify Yang, and Chen Xianda, protector of the army, to Wan and Ye.
51
三月戊子，車駕幸芳林園禊宴。 丁未，以護軍將軍陳顯達爲雍州刺史。
Third month, day wuzi: the emperor feasted at the Fragrant Grove for the spring purification. Day dingwei: Chen Xianda, protector of the army, was made inspector of Yong.
52
夏四月，車駕殷祠太廟。 詔「繫囚見徒四歲刑以下，悉原遣，五年減爲三歲，京邑罪身應入重，降一等。」
Summer, fourth month: the emperor offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. An edict: "All prisoners on four years or less go free; five-year sentences become three; in the capital, bodily punishments due for the gravest crimes drop one degree."
53
六月辛酉，詔曰：「比霖雨過度，水潦洊溢，京師居民，多離其弊。 遣中書舍人、二縣官長隨宜賑賜。」
Sixth month, day xinyou: an edict said, "Rain has fallen without end; floods rise and rise; the people of the capital are widely driven from their homes. Palace attendants and the magistrates of the two counties are to give relief as each place requires."
54
秋七月戊申，詔「丹陽屬縣建元四年以來至永明三年所逋田租，殊爲不少。 京甸之內，宜加優貸。 其非中貲者，可悉原停。」
Seventh month, day wushen: an edict noted that from the fourth year of Jianyuan through Yongming 3 the land-tax arrears in Danyang's counties had grown very large. Inside the capital circuit, add generous forbearance. Households below middling means may have every arrear forgiven and stayed."
55
八月乙亥，詔「今夏雨水，吳興、義興二郡田農多傷，詳蠲租調。」
Eighth month, day yihai: an edict ordered a full remission of rent and levies where summer floods had ruined the crops of Wuxing and Yixing.
56
九月己丑，詔曰：「九日出商飆館登高宴羣臣。」 辛卯，車駕幸商飆館。 館，上所立，在孫陵崗，世呼爲「九日臺」者也。 丙午，詔曰：「善爲國者，使民無傷，而農益勸。 是以十一而稅，周道克隆，開建常平，漢載惟穆。 岱畎絲枲，浮汶來貢，杞梓皮革，必緣楚往。 自水德將謝，喪亂彌多，師旅歲興，饑饉代有。 貧室盡於課調，泉貝傾於絕域。 軍國器用，動資四表，不因厥產，咸用九賦，雖有交貿之名，而無潤私之實。 民咨塗炭，寔此之由。 昔在開運，星紀未周，餘弊尚重。 農桑不殷於曩日，粟帛輕賤于當年。 工商罕兼金之儲，匹夫多饑寒之患。 良由圜法久廢，上弊稍寡。 所謂民失其資，能無匱乎？ 凡下貧之家，可蠲三調二年。 京師及四方出錢億萬，糴米穀絲綿之屬，其和價以優黔首。 遠邦嘗市雜物，非土俗所產者，皆悉停之。 必是歲賦攸宜，都邑所乏，可見直和市，勿使逋刻。」
Ninth month, day jichou: an edict said, "On the ninth day of the ninth month I will ascend the Shangbiao Pavilion and feast my ministers." Day xinmao: the emperor went to the Shangbiao Pavilion. The emperor had raised it on Sunling Ridge; folk call it the Double Ninth Terrace. Day bingwu: an edict said, "A true statecraft leaves the people unscathed and makes the farmers strive all the harder. Hence the tithe: Zhou's way flourished; the Ever-Normal Granaries: Han histories know only repose. Silk and hemp from Dai floated down the Wen as tribute; catalpa, lacquer, and leather had to pass through Chu. When the age of Water waned, ruin multiplied; every year brought campaigns, every generation hunger. The poor were drained by taxes; coin and treasure flowed to the ends of the earth. Armies and the court drew on every border; instead of local yield they took the ninefold tax—trade in name, no gain in fact for the people. The folk cried out on the charcoal road—this was the cause. When our dynasty first rose, less than a full cycle had turned, yet old burdens still weighed. Farming and mulberry were not as rich as of old; grain and cloth sold cheap. Tradesmen seldom held gold by the thousand; commoners often knew hunger and cold. Round coin had long been neglected, and the treasury's intake grew lean. When the people lose their substance, can they fail to be empty-handed? The poorest households may have the three levies forgiven for two years. The capital and the provinces will spend hundreds of millions in cash to buy grain, rice, silk, and cotton, setting fair prices to ease the people. Border markets in goods the soil does not yield are all to cease. Only what the year's taxes need and the capital lacks may be bought at listed price—no forced collection."
57
冬十月甲申，以中領軍西昌侯鸞爲豫州刺史，侍中安陸侯緬爲中領軍。 初起新林苑。
Winter, tenth month, day jiashen: Luan, marquis of Xichang, took Yuzhou; Mian, marquis of Anlu and palace attendant, became central commander of the army. Work began on the New Grove Park.
58
六年春正月壬午，以祠部尚書安成王暠爲南徐州刺史。 詔「二百里內獄同集京師，克日聽覽，自此以外，委州郡訊察。 三署徒隸，詳所原釋。」
Sixth year, spring, first month, day renwu: Xiao Gao, king of Ancheng and director of the ministry of rites, took South Xu. An edict: "Within two hundred li all cases come to the capital for hearing on a set day; beyond that, provinces and commanderies judge. Bondservants of the three offices—review in full who may be freed."
59
三月己亥，以豫章王世子子響爲巴東王。 癸卯，以光祿大夫周盤龍爲行兖州刺史。
Third month, day jihai: Zixiang, heir of Yuzhang, was made king of Badong. Day guimao: Zhou Panlong, grandee of splendid happiness, was made acting inspector of Yan.
60
五月甲午，以宕昌王梁彌承爲河、涼二州刺史。
Fifth month, day jiawu: Liang Micheng, king of Dangchang, took He and Liang.
61
六月甲寅，以散騎常侍沈景德爲徐州刺史。 丙子，以始興太守房法乘爲交州刺史。
Sixth month, day jiayin: Shen Jingde, palace attendant-in-ordinary, took Xu. Day bingzi: Fang Facheng, administrator of Shixing, was made inspector of Jiao.
62
秋七月乙巳，都官尚書呂安國爲領軍將軍。
Seventh month, day yisi: Lü Anguo, director of justice, became commander of the army.
63
八月乙卯，詔「吳興、義興水潦，被水之鄉，賜痼疾篤癃口二斛，老疾一斛，小口五斗。」
Eighth month, day yimao: an edict gave two piculs per household with grave chronic illness in flood-hit towns of Wuxing and Yixing, one picul to the aged and infirm, five pecks to children.
64
九月，壬寅，車駕幸琅邪城講武，習水步軍。
Ninth month, day renyin: the emperor drilled at Langya city, exercising river and land forces.
65
冬十月庚申，立冬，初臨太極殿讀時令。 辛酉，以祠部尚書武陵王曄爲江州刺史。
Winter, tenth month, day gengshen: at winter's onset he first entered the Hall of Supreme Ultimate to read the season's commands. Day xinyou: Xiao Ye, king of Wuling and director of the ministry of rites, took Jiangzhou.
66
閏月乙卯，詔曰：「北兖、北徐、豫、司、青、冀八州，邊接疆場，民多懸罄，原永明以前所逋租調。」 辛卯，以尚書僕射王奐爲領軍將軍。
Intercalary month, day yimao: an edict forgave arrears before Yongming in eight frontier provinces—North Yan, North Xu, Yu, Si, Qing, and Ji—where many families were empty-handed. Day xinmao: Wang Huan, vice director of the Secretariat, became commander of the army.
67
十一月乙卯，以羽林監費延宗爲越州刺史。 庚申，以後將軍、晉安王子懋爲湘州刺史，西陽王子明爲南兖州刺史。
Eleventh month, day yimao: Fei Yanzong, supervisor of the feathered forest, took Yue. Day gengshen: Xiao Zimao, prince of Jin'an and rear general, took Xiang; Xiao Ziming, prince of Xiyang, took South Yan.
68
二月丙子，以左衛將軍、巴東王子響爲中護軍。 己丑，詔曰：「宣尼誕敷文德，峻極自天，發輝七代，陶鈞萬品，英風獨舉，素王誰匹！ 功隱於當年，道深於日月。 感麟厭世，緬邈千祀，川竭谷虛，丘夷淵塞，非但洙泗湮淪，至乃饗嘗乏主。 前王敬仰，崇脩寢廟，歲月亟流，鞠爲茂草。 今學敩興立，實稟洪規，撫事懷人，彌增欽屬。 可改築宗祊，務在爽塏。 量給祭秩，禮同諸侯。 奉聖之爵，以時紹繼。」 壬寅，以丹陽尹王晏爲江州刺史。 癸卯，以巴陵王子倫爲豫州刺史。
Second month, day bingzi: Xiao Zixiang, prince of Badong and general of the left guard, became central protector of the army. Day jichou: an edict said, "Confucius was born to spread the civil Way, lofty as heaven; seven generations felt his light, ten thousand things felt his mold; his wind stood alone—what king without a crown could equal him? His merit lay hidden in his lifetime; his Way runs deeper than sun and moon. When the qilin came he wearied of the age and left it; a thousand years stand between us; rivers fail, valleys hollow, hills sink and depths close—not only did Zhu and Si fall silent, but even the sacrifices had no keeper. Earlier kings honored him and raised his shrine; the years raced by, and it turned to wild grass. Now schools rise again on his great pattern; handling state, I cherish the man and my awe only grows. Rebuild the ancestral shrine on high, open ground. Grant sacrificial income by measure, with rites equal to a feudal lord. Let the Fengsheng marquisate pass in due time." Day renyin: Wang Yan, palace attendant, took Jiangzhou. Day guimao: Xiao Zilun, prince of Baling, took Yu.
69
三月丁未，以太子右衛率王玄邈爲兖州刺史。 庚戌，以中護軍、巴東王子響爲江州刺史，中書令、隨郡王子隆爲中護軍。 甲寅，立皇子子岳爲臨賀王，子峻爲廣漢王，子琳爲宣城王，子珉爲義安王。
Third month, day dingwei: Wang Xuanmiao, right commander of the crown prince's guard, took Yan. Day gengxu: Xiao Zixiang, prince of Badong, took Jiangzhou; Xiao Zilong, prince of Suizhou and director of the Secretariat, became central protector of the army. Day jiayin: Ziyue was made king of Linhe, Zijun of Guanghan, Zilin of Xuancheng, and Zimin of Yi'an.
70
夏四月戊寅，詔曰：「婚禮下達，人倫攸始，《周官》設媒氏之職，《國風》興及時之詠。 四爵內陳，義不期侈，三鼎外列，事豈存奢！ 晚俗浮麗，歷茲永久，每思懲革，而民未知禁。 乃聞同牢之費，華泰尤甚； 膳羞方丈，有過王侯。 富者扇其驕風，貧者恥躬不逮。 或以供帳未具，動致推遷，年不再來，盛時忽往。 宜爲節文，頒之士庶。 竝可擬則公朝，方樏供設，合巹之禮無虧，寧儉之義斯在。 如故有違，繩之以法。」
Summer, fourth month, day wuyin: an edict said, "When marriage reaches the people, kinship begins; Zhou set matchmakers; the Odes praise timely union. Four ranks within need not court display; three cauldrons without—why should the feast stay lavish? Late custom has run showy for ages; I have long meant to curb it, but the folk do not yet heed the ban. I hear the cost of the shared pen has grown vast beyond measure; feasts that fill a hall—surpassing kings and marquises. The wealthy ride their pride; the poor are ashamed they cannot keep pace. Some delay marriage again and again for lack of gear; the year does not return, and youth passes. Set plain rules and publish them to gentle and simple alike. Let all take the court as model, with measured gear and the union cup intact—frugality preserved. Whoever still breaks these rules faces the law."
71
六月丁亥，車駕幸琅邪。
Sixth month, day dinghai: the emperor went to Langya.
72
秋八月庚子，以左衛將軍建安王子真爲中護軍。
Autumn, eighth month, day gengzi: Xiao Zizhen, prince of Jian'an and general of the left guard, became central protector of the army.
73
冬十月己丑，詔曰：「三季澆浮，舊章陵替，吉凶奢靡，動違矩則。 或裂錦繡以競車服之飾，塗金鏤石以窮塋域之麗。 至班白不婚，露棺累葉，苟相姱衒，罔顧大典。 可明爲條制，嚴勒所在，悉使畫一。 如復違犯，依事糾奏。」
Winter, tenth month, day jichou: an edict said, "Three ages of shallow custom have worn the old rules thin; funerals and weddings run to excess, and people break the norms at every turn. Some rip brocade to outdo each other in carriage and dress; others gild and carve stone until the tomb mound has no splendor left. Men grow white-haired without marrying; coffins lie open, stacked through the generations—vanity on display, the great rites forgotten. Publish plain rules, enforce them everywhere, and make one standard for all. Break them again, and the facts go to the throne for punishment."
74
十二月，己亥，以中護軍、建安王子真爲郢州刺史，江州刺史、巴東王子響爲荊州刺史，前安西司馬垣榮祖爲兖州刺史。
Twelfth month, day jihai: Xiao Zizhen, prince of Jian'an and central protector of the army, took Ying; Xiao Zixiang, prince of Badong and inspector of Jiang, took Jing; Yuan Rongzu, former marshal of the pacified west, took Yan.
75
八年春正月庚子，征西大將軍王敬則進號驃騎大將軍，左將軍沈文季爲領軍將軍，丹陽尹、鄱陽王鏘爲江州刺史。 詔放遣隔城虜俘，聽還本土。
Year 8, spring, first month, day gengzi: Wang Jingze, grand general pacifying the west, became grand general of agile cavalry; Shen Wenji, general of the left, became general of the garrison army; Xiao Qiang, prince of Poyang and intendant of Danyang, took Jiang. An edict freed the captives from Gecheng and sent them home.
76
二月壬辰，零陵王司馬藥師薨。
Second month, day renchen: Sima Yaoshi, king of Lingling, died.
77
夏四月戊辰，詔「公卿已下各舉所知，隨才授職。 進得其人，受登賢之賞； 薦非其才，獲濫舉之罰。」
Summer, fourth month, day wuchen: an edict said, "From the highest ministers down, each man is to name those he knows; offices go by talent. Recommend well and win the prize for raising the worthy; recommend badly and take the penalty for a careless nomination."
78
秋七月辛丑，以會稽太守安陸侯緬爲雍州刺史。 癸卯，詔曰：「陰陽舛和，緯象愆度，儲胤嬰患，淹歷旬晷。 思仰祗天戒，俯紓民瘼，可大赦天下。」 癸亥，詔「司、雍二州，比歲不稔，雍州八年以前、司州七年以前逋租悉原。 汝南一郡復限更申五年。」
Autumn, seventh month, day xinchou: Mian, marquis of Anlu and administrator of Kuaiji, took Yong. Day guimao: an edict said, "Heaven and earth are out of step; the stars run wrong; the heir in the Eastern Palace has been ill for many days. I would look up to heaven's warning and down to the people's pain—let there be a general amnesty." Day guihai: an edict said, "Si and Yong have had bad harvests—rent still owed from before year 8 in Yong and before year 7 in Si is forgiven. Runan commandery alone gets five years more."
79
八月丙寅，詔「京邑霖雨旣過，居民氾濫，遣中書舍人、二縣官長賑䘏。」 乙酉，以行河南王世子休留代爲秦、河二州刺史。 壬辰，以左衛將軍、隨郡王子隆爲荊州刺史。 巴東王子響有罪，遣丹陽尹蕭順之率軍討之，子響伏誅。
Eighth month, day bingyin: an edict said, "The capital's rains have ended, yet the people are under water—send palace secretaries and the magistrates of the two counties to relieve them." Day yiyou: Xiu, heir of the acting king of Henan, went out to take Qin and He. Day renchen: Xiao Zilong, prince of Suizhou and general of the left guard, took Jing. Xiao Zixiang, prince of Badong, had committed a crime; Xiao Shunzhi, intendant of Danyang, led troops against him, and Zixiang was put to death.
80
冬十月丁丑，詔「吳興水淹過度，開所在倉賑賜。」 癸巳，原建元以前逋租。
Winter, tenth month, day dingchou: an edict said, "Wuxing is drowned past bearing—open the local granaries and give relief." Day guisi: rent still owed from before the Jianyuan era was forgiven.
81
十一月乙卯，以建武將軍伏登之爲交州刺史。
Eleventh month, day yimao: Fu Dengzhi, general who establishes martial might, took Jiao.
82
十二月乙丑，以振威將軍陳僧授爲越州刺史。 戊寅，詔「尚書丞郎職事繁劇，䘏俸未優，可量增賜祿。」 己卯，皇子子建爲湘東王。 癸巳，以監青冀二州軍、行刺史事張沖爲青、冀二州刺史。
Twelfth month, day yichou: Chen Sengshou, quelling-might general, took Yue. Day wuyin: an edict said, "The Masters of Writing and their aides bear heavy work for thin pay—raise their stipends as fits." Day jimao: the imperial prince Zijian was made king of Xiangdong. Day guisi: Zhang Chong, overseer of Qing and Ji and acting inspector, took Qing and Ji.
83
九年春正月甲午，以侍中江夏王鋒爲南徐州刺史，冠軍將軍劉悛爲益州刺史。 辛丑，車駕祠南郊，詔「京師見囚繫，詳量原遣。」
Year 9, spring, first month, day jiawu: Xiao Feng, prince of Jiangxia and palace attendant, took South Xu; Liu Min, champion general, took Yi. Day xinchou: the emperor sacrificed at the southern suburb and ordered, "Review the prisoners in the capital and release them where mercy allows."
84
三月乙卯，以南中郎司馬劉楷爲司州刺史。 辛丑，以太子左衛率劉纘爲廣州刺史。
Third month, day yimao: Liu Kai, marshal of the southern bureau general, took Si. Day xinchou: Liu Zuan, commander of the heir's left guard, took Guangzhou.
85
夏四月乙亥，有司奏：「舊格一年兩過行陵，三月十五日曹郎以下小行，九月十五日司空以下大行。 今長停小行，唯二州一大行。」 詔曰：「可。」
Summer, fourth month, day yihai: the offices reported, "The old rule called for two tomb visits a year—the fifteenth of the third month, a minor visit for Masters of Writing gentlemen and below; the fifteenth of the ninth, a major visit for the Minister of Works and below. Suspend the minor visit for good; hold one major visit every two years." The edict said, "So be it."
86
六月甲戌，以尚書左僕射王奐爲雍州刺史。
Sixth month, day jiaxu: Wang Huan, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, took Yong.
87
秋九月戊辰，車駕幸琅邪城講武，觀者傾都，普頒酒肉。
Autumn, ninth month, day wuchen: the emperor reviewed arms at Langya; the city poured out to watch, and wine and meat were given to all.
88
十年春正月戊午，詔「諸責負衆逋七年以前，悉原除。 高貲不在例。 孤老六疾，人穀五斛。 內外有務衆官增祿俸。」 以左民尚書南平王銳爲湘州刺史，司徒竟陵王子良領尚書令，右衛將軍王玄邈爲北徐州刺史，中軍將軍廬陵王子卿進號車騎將軍，北中郎將南海王子罕爲兖州刺史，輔國將軍臨汝公昭文爲南豫州刺史，冠軍將軍王文和爲北兖州刺史。
Year 10, spring, first month, day wuwu: an edict said, "Every public and private debt seven years old or more is wiped clean. Usurious loans are excepted. Orphans, the aged, and the six classes of the sick receive five piculs of grain each. Officials with heavy duties inside and outside the court get higher pay." Xiao Rui, prince of Nanping and minister for the people, took Xiang; Xiao Ziliang, prince of Jingling, headed the Masters of Writing; Wang Xuanmiao, right guard general, took North Xu; Xiao Ziqing, prince of Luling and central army general, became general of chariots and cavalry; Xiao Zihan, prince of Nanhai and north bureau general, took Yan; Zhaowen, duke of Linru and supporter of the state, took South Yu; Wang Wenhe, champion general, took North Yan.
89
二月壬寅，鎮軍將軍陳顯達領中領軍。
Second month, day renyin: Chen Xianda, pacifying-army general, became general of the garrison army.
90
夏四月辛丑，大司馬豫章王嶷薨。
Summer, fourth month, day xinchou: Xiao Liao, prince of Yuzhang and grand marshal, died.
91
五月己巳，司徒、竟陵王子良爲揚州刺史。
Fifth month, day jisi: Xiao Ziliang, prince of Jingling and director of the Masters of Writing, took Yang.
92
秋八月丙申，以新城太守郭安明爲寧州刺史。
Autumn, eighth month, day bingshen: Guo Anming, administrator of Xincheng, took Ning.
93
冬十月乙丑，車駕幸玄武湖講武。 甲午，車駕殷祠太廟。
Winter, tenth month, day yichou: the emperor drilled troops at Black Tortoise Lake. Day jiawu: the emperor performed the close rite at the Imperial Temple.
94
十一月戊午，詔曰：「頃者霖雨，樵糧稍貴，京邑居民，多離其弊。 遣中書舍人、二縣官長賑賜。」
Eleventh month, day wuwu: an edict said, "These rains have driven up the price of fuel and grain; the capital's people are hard hit. Send palace secretaries and the magistrates of the two counties to give relief."
95
二月壬午，以車騎將軍廬陵王子卿爲驃騎將軍、南豫州刺史，撫軍將軍安陸王子敬進號車騎將軍。 己丑，輔國將軍曹虎爲梁、南秦二州刺史。 癸卯，以新除中書監晉安王子懋爲雍州刺史。 丙午，以冠軍將軍王文和爲益州刺史。
Second month, day renwu: Xiao Ziqing, prince of Luling and general of chariots and cavalry, became grand general of agile cavalry and inspector of South Yu; Xiao Zijing, prince of Anlu and pacifying-army general, became general of chariots and cavalry. Day jichou: Cao Hu, supporter of the state, took Liang and South Qin. Day guimao: Xiao Zimao, prince of Jin'an and newly appointed supervisor of the Secretariat, took Yong. Day bingwu: Wang Wenhe, champion general, took Yi.
96
三月乙亥，雍州刺史王奐伏誅。
Third month, day yihai: Wang Huan, inspector of Yong, was put to death.
97
夏四月壬午，詔「東宮文武臣僚，可悉度爲太孫官屬。」 甲午，立皇太孫昭業、太孫妃何氏。 詔「賜天下爲父後者爵一級，孝子順孫義夫節婦粟帛各有差。」 癸卯，以驍騎將軍劉靈哲爲兖州刺史。
Summer, fourth month, day renwu: an edict said, "Move the Eastern Palace's civil and military staff into the Grand Heir's household." Day jiawu: Zhaoye was made grand heir; Lady He was made his consort. An edict said, "Every man who heads his father's house gains one rank; filial sons, dutiful grandsons, righteous husbands, and chaste wives receive grain and silk by degree." Day guimao: Liu Lingzhe, valiant-cavalry general, took Yan.
98
五月戊辰，詔曰：「水旱成災，穀稼傷弊，凡三調衆逋，可同申至秋登。 京師二縣、朱方、姑熟，可權斷酒。」 庚午，以輔國將軍蕭惠休爲徐州刺史。 丙子，以左民尚書宜都王鏗爲南豫州刺史。
Fifth month, day wuchen: an edict said, "Flood and drought have ruined the crop; every debt from the three levies may wait until the autumn harvest. The capital's two counties, Zhufang, and Guniu may ban wine for a time." Day gengwu: Xiao Huixiu, supporter of the state, took Xu. Day bingzi: Xiao Keng, prince of Yidu and minister for the people, took South Yu.
99
六月壬午，詔「霖雨旣過，遣中書舍人、二縣官長賑賜京邑居民。」
Sixth month, day renwu: an edict said, "The rains have ended—send palace secretaries and the magistrates of the two counties to aid the capital's people."
100
秋七月，丁巳，詔曰：「頃風水爲災，二岸居民多離其患，加以貧病六疾，孤老稚弱，彌足矜念。 遣中書舍人履行沾䘏。」 又詔曰：「水旱爲災，實傷農稼。 江淮之間，倉廩旣虛，遂草竊充斥，互相侵奪，依阻山湖，成此逋逃。 曲赦南兖、兖、豫、司、徐五州，南豫州之歷陽、譙、臨江、廬江四郡，三調衆逋宿債，並同原除。 其緣淮及青、冀新附僑民，復除已訖，更申五年。」
Autumn, seventh month, day dingsi: an edict said, "Wind and flood have lately scourged both shores; the poor, the sick, the six classes of affliction, orphans, the old, and children call for pity. Send palace secretaries to tour the stricken districts and give relief." Another edict said, "Flood and drought wound the fields. Between Yang and Huai the granaries stand empty; bandits swarm, plunder one another, and hide in hills and lakes until fugitives cover the land. A partial amnesty in South Yan, Yan, Yu, Si, and Xu, and in Liyang, Qiao, Linjiang, and Lujiang in South Yu—forgive every debt and old levy alike. Refugees newly settled along the Huai and in Qing and Ji, whose exemptions are finished, get five years more."
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是月，上不豫，徙御延昌殿，乘輿始登階，而殿屋鳴吒，上惡之。 虜侵邊，戊辰，遣江州刺史陳顯達鎮雍州樊城。 上慮朝野憂惶，乃力疾召樂府奏正聲伎。 戊寅，大漸。 詔曰：「始終大期，賢聖不免，吾行年六十，亦復何恨。 但皇業艱難，萬機事重，不能無遺慮耳。 太孫進德日茂，社稷有寄。 子良善相毗輔，思弘治道； 內外衆事，無大小悉與鸞參懷，共下意。 尚書中是職務根本，悉委王晏、徐孝嗣。 軍旅捍邊之略，委王敬則、陳顯達、王廣之、王玄邈、沈文季、張瑰、薛淵等。 百辟庶僚，各奉爾職，謹事太孫，勿有懈怠。 知復何言。」 又詔曰：「我識滅之後，身上著夏衣，畫天衣，純烏犀導，應諸器悉不得用寶物及織成等，唯裝復裌衣各一通。 常所服身刀長短二口鐵環者，隨我入梓宮。 祭敬之典，本在因心，東鄰殺牛，不如西家禴祭。 我靈上慎勿以牲爲祭，唯設餅、茶飲、干飯、酒脯而已。 天下貴賤，咸同此制。 未山陵前，朔望設菜食。 陵墓萬世所宅，意嘗恨休安陵未稱，今可用東三處地最東邊以葬我，名爲景安陵。 喪禮每存省約，不須煩民。 百官停六時入臨，朔望祖日可依舊。 諸主六宮，並不須從山陵。 內殿鳳華、壽昌、耀靈三處，是吾所治制。 夫貴有天下，富兼四海，宴處寢息，不容乃陋，謂此爲奢儉之中，慎勿壞去。 顯陽殿玉像諸佛及供養，具如別牒，可盡心禮拜供養之。 應有功德事，可專在中。 自今公私皆不得出家爲道，及起立塔寺，以宅爲精舍，竝嚴斷之。 唯年六十，必有道心，聽朝賢選序，已有別詔。 諸小小賜乞，及閤內處分，亦有別牒。 內外禁衛勞舊主帥左右，悉付蕭諶優量驅使之，勿負吾遺意也。」 是日上崩，年五十四。
That month the emperor fell ill and moved to Yan-chang Hall. As he mounted the steps, the timbers groaned—the omen sickened him. Barbarians struck the frontier; day wuchen: Chen Xianda, inspector of Jiang, was sent to hold Fancheng in Yong. Lest court and country panic, he roused himself in his sickness and had the Music Office play the orthodox repertoire. Day wuyin: the end drew near. An edict said, "Beginnings and endings come to every man, sage or simpleton; I am sixty—what is there to regret? Yet the throne was hard-won and the realm is heavy—I leave cares behind. The Grand Heir grows worthier by the day; the altars have their heir. Ziliang knows how to assist—carry the policy of good government forward; within and without, great affairs and small—take counsel with Luan and speak with one mind. The Masters of Writing are the root of government—leave them to Wang Yan and Xu Xiaosi. Border defense goes to Wang Jingze, Chen Xianda, Wang Guangzhi, Wang Xuanmiao, Shen Wenji, Zhang Gui, Xue Yuan, and the rest. Every minister and clerk—keep your charge, serve the Grand Heir, and do not grow slack. I have said enough." Another edict said, "When I am gone, dress me in summer robes and painted heaven-garments, with a plain rhinoceros-horn belt; no precious ware or brocade in the rites—only one set of lined robes and one of padded robes for the coffin. The two iron-ringed knives I wore at my side, long and short—bury them with me. Sacrifice is a matter of the heart; the neighbor who kills an ox is outdone by the neighbor who offers a simple spring prayer. At my spirit seat use no sacrificial beasts—only cakes, tea, dried grain, wine, and dried meats. High and low alike—let the realm follow this rule. Until the tomb is finished, on the new and full moon offer vegetarian food. A tomb is a home for ages; I always thought Xiuan Tomb unworthy—bury me on the easternmost of the three eastern plots and call it Jing'an Tomb. Keep the funeral spare—do not burden the people. Let the ministers end the six watches at the tomb; new moon, full moon, and ancestral days follow custom. Princesses and the palace women need not go to the tomb. Inside the palace, Fenghua, Shouchang, and Yaoling—the three halls I had made my own. A man who owns the realm need not sleep rough; I aimed at the mean between show and spare—do not tear those halls down. The jade Buddhas in Xianyang Hall and their offerings—follow the separate memorial and tend them faithfully. Works of merit may be kept within the inner palace. Hereafter neither court nor household may ordain monks, raise pagodas, or turn a house into a chapel—the ban is absolute. Only at sixty, with a settled will for the Way, may worthies of the court be chosen in turn—as the other edict already provides. Small gifts and favors, and orders for the inner quarters—see the separate memorial. The inner and outer guards who have long served at my side—give them all to Xiao Chen, treat them well and set them to useful work, and do not betray what I mean you to do." That same day the emperor died. He was fifty-four.
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上剛毅有斷，爲治總大體，以富國爲先。 頗不喜遊宴、雕綺之事，言常恨之，未能頓遣。 臨崩又詔「凡諸游費，宜從休息。 自今遠近薦獻，務存節儉，不得出界營求，相高奢麗。 金粟繒纊，弊民已多，珠玉玩好，傷工尤重，嚴加禁絕，不得有違准繩。」
He was hard in resolve and clear in decision; in rule he kept to the large design and put the wealth of the realm first. He disliked banquets and carved luxury, said he hated them often enough, yet could not drop them in a single stroke. On his deathbed he issued an edict again: "Every cost of pleasure should cease. From this day, tribute from near and far must stay spare; no one may cross his border to curry favor or outdo his neighbor in show. Gold and grain, silk and hemp, already weigh on the people; pearls, jade, and trinkets waste craftsmen worst of all—forbid them strictly and let no one step outside the line."
103
九月丙寅，葬景安陵。
Ninth month, day bingyin: he was buried at Jing'an Tomb.
104
史臣曰：世祖南面嗣業，功參寶命，雖爲繼體，事實艱難。 御袞垂旒，深存政典，文武授任，不革舊章。 明罰厚恩，皆由上出，義兼長遠，莫不肅然。 外表無塵，內朝多豫，機事平理，職貢有恆，府藏內充，民鮮勞役。 宮室苑囿，未足以傷財，安樂延年，衆庶所同幸。 若夫割愛懷抱，同彼甸人，太祖羣昭，位後諸穆。 昔漢武留情晚悟，追恨戾園，魏文侯克中山，不以封弟，英賢心迹，臣所未詳也。
The historian writes: The Grand Successor took the throne facing south; his merit stood with heaven's charge—yet though the crown came by succession, the work was anything but easy. He sat in full regalia and held fast to the rites of rule; civil posts and military commands kept the old forms. Punishment was plain and favor was thick, and both came from his own hand; his aim looked far ahead, and every man stood the straighter for it. The realm looked clean from without; within, the court often rested easy; business ran level, tribute kept its pace, the storehouses swelled, and corvée rarely touched the folk. Palaces and parks scarcely drained the treasury; peace and long years were what the multitude counted lucky together. As for hardening his heart toward kin and handling flesh and blood like any tenant farmer—the Grand Progenitor had gathered the zhao houses and set the mu houses after them. Han Wudi clung to affection until he woke too late and grieved the tomb at Li Park; Marquis Wen of Wei seized Zhongshan and still would not make his brother a lord—the hearts of the wise are hard to read, and this servant does not pretend to know them.
105
贊曰：武帝丕顯，徽號止戈。 韶嶺歇祲，彭派澄波。 威承景曆，肅御金科。 北懷戎款，南獻夷歌。 市朝晏逸，中外寧和。 [1]
In praise: Emperor Wu, bright above the age; his honored name stilled the spear. Ill air left the Shao peaks; the Peng ran clear to its banks. His might took up the bright reign; in awe he kept the golden law. The north brought barbarian trust; the south sent songs of the wilds. Market and court lay quiet; inside and out breathed as one. [1] Endnote marker.
106
全文以中華書局、一九七二年一月版《南齊書》爲本校。
The entire text has been collated against the Zhonghua shuju edition of the 《Book of Southern Qi》, January 1972.