1
南齊書卷第四本紀第四
Book of Southern Qi, Volume 4, Annals 4
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鬱林王
Prince of Yulin
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鬱林王昭業，字元尚，文惠太子長子也。 小名法身。 世祖卽位，封南郡王，二千戶。 永明五年十一月戊子，冠於東宮崇政殿。 其日小會，賜王公以下帛各有差，給昭業扶二人。 七年，有司奏給班劔二十人，鼓吹一部，高選友、學。 十一年，給皁輪三望車。 詔高選國官。 文惠太子薨，立昭業爲皇太孫，居東宮。 世祖崩，太孫卽位。
The Prince of Yulin, Zhaoye, bore the style Yuanshang and was the eldest son of Crown Prince Wenhui. In childhood he was called Fashen. When Emperor Wu ascended, he was made prince of Nan commandery with a fief of two thousand households. Yongming 5, eleventh month, day wuzi: he received the cap in the Eastern Palace's Chongzheng Hall. That day the court held a minor feast and gave graded gifts of silk to princes and dukes and below; Zhaoye was given two attendants to steady him at the rite. In the seventh year the authorities asked to grant him twenty ceremonial halberd-bearers, a full pipe-and-drum band, and a high-grade pick of companions and tutors. In the eleventh year he was given a black-wheeled carriage with a triple awning. An edict called for a careful selection of officials for his household. After Crown Prince Wenhui died, Zhaoye was made imperial great-grandson and moved into the Eastern Palace. When Emperor Wu died, the great-grandson ascended.
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八月壬午，詔稱先帝遺詔，以護軍將軍武陵王曄爲衛將軍，征南大將軍陳顯達卽本號，竝開府儀同三司，尚書左僕射西昌侯鸞爲尚書令。 太孫詹事沈文季爲護軍將軍。 癸未，以司徒竟陵王子良爲太傅。 詔曰：「朕以寡薄，嗣膺寶政，對越靈命，欽若前圖，思所以敬守成規，拱揖羣后。 哀荒在日，有懵大猷，宜育德振民，光昭睿範。 凡逋三調及衆責，在今年七月三十日前，悉同蠲除。 其備償封籍貨鬻未售，亦皆還主。 禦府諸署池田邸冶，興廢沿事，本施一時，於今無用者，詳所罷省。 公宜權禁，一以還民，關市征賦，務從優減。」 丙戌，詔曰：「近北掠餘口，悉充軍實。 刑故無小，罔或攸赦，撫辜興仁，事深睿範。 宜從蕩宥，許以自新，可一同放遣，還復民籍。 已賞賜者，亦皆爲贖。」 辛丑，詔曰：「往歲蠻虜協謀，志擾邊服，羣帥授略，大殲凶醜。 革城克捷，及舞陰固守，二處勞人，未有沾爵賞者，可分遣選部，往彼序用。」
Eighth month, day renwu: by the late emperor's will, Protected-Army General Xiao Ye, prince of Wuling, became defender general; Chen Xianda, general who conquers the south, kept his rank, and both were given secretariat parity with the three excellencies; Xiao Luan, marquis of Xichang and left vice director of the masters of writing, became director of the masters of writing. Shen Wenji, steward of the great-grandson's household, was made protected-army general. Day guiwei: Xiao Ziliang, prince of Jingling and minister of works, was made grand tutor. An edict said: "I am slight in virtue yet have taken up the throne, facing Heaven's mandate and following the models of old, seeking to keep the inherited order and yield the floor to you, my lords. I am still in the days of grief and the great plan is unclear to me; I must cultivate virtue and lift the people, and let a wise example shine. Every unpaid third impost and miscellaneous levy due before the thirtieth day of the seventh month of this year is forgiven in full. Property sealed for forced sale or pawned but not yet sold shall be returned to its owners. Ponds, fields, lodges, and smelters in the palace offices, begun or abandoned as times changed and meant only for the moment—whatever serves no purpose now should be examined and cut back. What ought to be barred to the state should be wholly returned to the people; tolls at the passes and market taxes should be eased as far as possible." Day bingxu: an edict said: "Lately northerners seized in raids have all been pressed into the army rolls. The law says that in punishment no guilt is too small to escape—but to comfort the injured and stir benevolence is the deeper pattern of sage rule. Let a broad amnesty allow them to begin anew: release them all at once and restore them to the civilian registers. Those who have already been given bounty may also buy their way back to freedom." Day xinchou: an edict said: "Last year the southern tribes conspired and meant to harry the frontier; our generals took their measures and crushed the foe. Gecheng fell quickly and Wuyin held firm—two places whose soldiers toiled yet have not received rank or bounty. Send selection officers to list merits and appoint rewards on the spot."
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九月癸丑，詔「東西二省府國，長老所積，財單祿寡，良以矜懷。 選部可甄才品能，推校年月，邦守邑丞，隨宜量處，以貧爲先。」 辛酉，追尊文惠皇太子爲世宗文皇帝。
Ninth month, day guichou: an edict ran: "In the eastern and western secretariats, palace offices, and princely households, men who have served long yet are poor in goods and thin in salary stir our pity. Let the selection bureau weigh talent and rank, check years of service, and let prefects and magistrates place men as fits—always putting the needy first." Day xinyou: Crown Prince Wenhui was raised posthumously to Emperor Wen, canonically titled Shizong.
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冬十月壬寅，尊皇太孫太妃爲皇太后，立皇后何氏。
Winter, tenth month, day renyin: the great-grandson's mother was made empress dowager and Lady He was established as empress.
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十一月辛亥，立臨汝公昭文爲新安王，曲江公昭秀爲臨海王，皇弟昭粲爲永嘉王。
Eleventh month, day xinhai: Zhaowen, duke of Linru, became prince of Xin'an; Zhaoxiu, duke of Qujiang, prince of Linhai; the emperor's brother Zhaocan, prince of Yongjia.
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隆昌元年春正月丁未，改元，大赦。 加太傅竟陵王子良殊禮，驍騎將軍晉熙王銶爲郢州刺史，丹陽尹安陸王子敬爲南兖州刺史，征北大將軍晉安王子懋爲江州刺史，臨海王昭秀爲荊州刺史，永嘉王昭粲爲南徐州刺史，征南大將軍陳顯達進號車騎大將軍，郢州刺史建安王子真爲護軍將軍。 詔百僚極陳得失。 又詔王公以下各舉所知。 戊申，以護軍將軍沈文季爲領軍將軍。 己酉，以前將軍曹虎爲雍州刺史，右衛將軍薛淵爲司州刺史。 庚戌，以寧朔將軍蕭懿爲梁、南秦二州刺史，輔國長史申希祖爲交州刺史。 辛亥，車駕祠南郊。 詔曰：「執耜蹔忘，懸磬比室，秉機或惰，無褐終年。 非怠非荒，雖由王道，不稂不莠，實賴民和。 頃歲多稼無爽，遺秉如積，而三登之美未臻，萬斯之基尚遠。 且風土異宜，百民殊務，刑章治緒，未必同源。 妨本害政，事非一揆，冕旒屬念，無忘夙興。 可嚴下州郡，務滋耕殖，相畝辟疇，廣開地利，深樹國本，克阜民天。 又詢訪獄市，博聽謠俗，傷風損化，各以條聞，主者詳爲條格。」 戊午，車駕拜景安陵。 己巳，以新除黃門待郎周奉叔爲青州刺史。
Longchang 1, spring, first month, day dingwei: the era was changed and a general amnesty was proclaimed. Grand Tutor Xiao Ziliang of Jingling received extraordinary rites; Xiao Qiao, prince of Jinxi and valiant-cavalry general, took Yingzhou; Xiao Jing, prince of Anlu and administrator of Danyang, took South Yanzhou; Xiao Mao, prince of Jin'an and conquering-north general, took Jiangzhou; Zhaoxiu of Linhai took Jingzhou; Zhaocan of Yongjia took South Xuzhou; Chen Xianda, general who conquers the south, was promoted to general of chariots and cavalry; Xiao Zhen, prince of Jian'an and inspector of Ying, became protected-army general. An edict told the hundred officials to lay out faults and gains without reserve. A second edict told princes, dukes, and officials below them each to put forward men they knew. Day wushen: Shen Wenji, protected-army general, became defender-of-the-army general. Day jiyou: Cao Hu, former general, took Yongzhou; Xue Yuan, right guards general, took Si. Day gengxu: Xiao Yi, pacifying-barbarians general, took Liang and South Qin; Shen Xizu, supporter-of-the-state chief clerk, took Jiaozhou. Day xinhai: the emperor sacrificed at the southern suburb in person. An edict said: "To leave the hoe even for a moment is to leave every house with an empty larder; to let the loom stand idle is to face a year without cloth— neither neglect nor excess is the whole of kingship, but neither tares nor blight can be cleared without the people's accord. Lately the seasons have brought rich harvests and leftover sheaves have heaped the fields, yet the thrice-abundant age has not come and the base for ten thousand generations is still distant. Soil and custom suit different crops, and the hundred clans have different trades; law and administration need not all follow one mold. What undermines the root and harms rule takes more than one form; the throne keeps it in mind and will not forget to rise at dawn. Charge the provinces and commanderies strictly to foster planting, open fields plot by plot, widen the land's yield, and deepen the state's root so the people's livelihood may flourish. Examine prisons and markets, listen widely to street rumor, and report whatever harms custom or mars reform in separate memorials, for the chief office to draft detailed rules." Day wuwu: the emperor visited Jing'an Tomb in person. Day jisi: Zhou Fengshu, newly made gentleman of the yellow gate, was appointed inspector of Qing.
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二月辛卯，車駕祠明堂。
Second month, day xinmao: the emperor sacrificed at the Bright Hall.
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閏月乙丑，以南東海太守蕭穎胄爲青、冀二州刺史。 丁卯，鎮軍大將軍鸞卽本號開府儀同三司。 戊辰，以中軍將軍新安王昭文爲揚州刺史。
Intercalary month, day yichou: Xiao Yingzhou, administrator of east Donghai, took Qing and Ji. Day dingmao: Xiao Luan, suppressing-army general, kept his rank with secretariat parity equal to the three excellencies. Day wuchen: Zhaowen, prince of Xin'an and central-army general, took Yangzhou.
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六月丙寅，以黃門侍郎王思遠爲廣州刺史。
Sixth month, day bingyin: Wang Siyuan, gentleman of the yellow gate, was made inspector of Guang.
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秋七月，庚戌，以中書郎蕭遙欣爲兖州刺史，東莞太守臧靈智爲交州刺史。
Autumn, seventh month, day gengxu: Xiao Yaoxin, secretariat gentleman, took Yanzhou; Zang Lingzhi, administrator of Dongguan, took Jiaozhou.
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癸巳，皇太后令曰：「鎮軍、車騎、左僕射、前將軍、領軍、左衛、衛尉、八座：自我皇歷啓基，受終于宋，睿聖繼軌，三葉重光。 太祖以神武創業，草昧區夏，武皇以英明提極，經緯天人。 文帝以上哲之資，體元良之重，雖功未被物，而德已在民。 三靈之眷方永，七百之基已固。 嗣主特鐘沴氣，爰表弱齡，險戾著于綠車，愚固彰於崇正。 狗馬是好，酒色方湎。 所務唯鄙事，所疾唯善人。 世祖慈愛曲深，每加容掩，冀年志稍改，立守神器。 自入纂鴻業，長惡滋甚。 居喪無一日之哀，縗絰爲歡宴之服。 昏酣長夜，萬機斯壅，發號施令，莫知所從。 閹豎徐龍駒專總樞密，奉叔、珍之互執權柄，自以爲任得其人，表裏緝穆，邁蕭、曹而愈信、布，倚太山而坐平原。 於是恣情肆意，罔顧天顯，二帝姬嬪，竝充寵禦，二宮遺服，皆納玩府。 內外混漫，男女無別。 丹屏之北，爲酤鬻之所，青蒲之上，開桑中之肆。 又微服潛行，信次忘反，端委以朝虛位，交戟而守空宮積旬矣。 宰輔忠賢，盡誠奉主，誅鋤羣小，冀能悛革，曾無克己，更深怨憾。 公卿股肱，以異己寘戮，文武昭穆，以德譽見猜。 放肆醜言，將行屠膾，社稷危殆，有過綴旒。 昔太宗克光於漢世，簡文代興于晉氏，前事之不忘，後人之師也。 鎮軍居正體道，家國是賴，伊霍之舉，實寄淵謨，便可詳依舊典，以禮廢黜。 中軍將軍新安王，體自文皇，睿哲天秀，宜入嗣鴻業，永寧四海。 外卽以禮奉迎。 未亡人屬此多難，投筆增慨。」
Day guisi: the empress dowager ordered: "To the suppressing-army general, the general of chariots and cavalry, the left vice director, the former general, the defender-of-the-army, the left guards general, the commandant of the guards, and the eight seats: from the day our house founded its rule and took the mandate from Song, wise sovereigns have followed in succession and for three generations the light has redoubled. The Grand Progenitor, by divine martial worth, raised the cause in a realm still unformed; Emperor Wu, by luminous wisdom, set the axis and bound Heaven and man. Emperor Wen, gifted with the highest wisdom, carried the heir's heavy charge; though his achievements had not yet covered the world, his virtue was already with the people. The three spirits' regard was still enduring, and the base of seven hundred years was already secure. The reigning lord was singled out by ill omens; from early youth perversity showed; cruelty and violence appeared while he rode the green carriage, folly and stubbornness in the Chongzheng Hall. Dogs and horses were his delight; wine and women his constant intoxication. He cared only for vulgar pursuits and loathed none but the worthy. Emperor Wu loved him deeply and repeatedly hid his faults, hoping that in time his heart might turn and he would keep watch over the throne. Once he took up the great charge, the evil he had long fed only grew worse. In mourning he felt not a day's sorrow; sackcloth and mourning bands became clothes for revelry. He drowned in wine through long nights and the myriad affairs stalled; edicts went out and no one knew whose will they were. The eunuch Xu Longju held the keys of state; Fengshu and Zhenzhi traded the levers of power, each sure the right men were in place—court and camp "smooth as silk," outdoing Xiao He and Cao Shen, more trusted than Xin and Bo, resting on Mount Tai as if the plain were enough. Then he indulged every whim without regard for Heaven's dignity; consorts of the two late emperors all entered his bed, and leftover robes of the two palaces were carried into his toy vaults. Palace and camp dissolved in disorder; men and women were no longer kept apart. North of the crimson screen he set up taverns; on the ceremonial rush mats he opened tryst-houses of the mulberry lane. He slipped out in plain dress and wandered for nights without return; in full court robes he held a hollow throne while crossed halberds guarded an empty palace for weeks on end. Loyal men among the chief counselors served with all their heart, rooting out petty villains in hope he might turn back—yet he never checked himself and only nursed deeper spite. The court's right hands were slaughtered for not being of his kind; kinsmen civil and martial were distrusted for goodness and fame. With wild and ugly threats he was ready to slaughter; the state tottered worse than a crown with loose tassels. Long ago Emperor Wen of Han lit the dynasty; Emperor Jianwen of Jin raised a new house—the past remembered is the teacher of those who follow. The suppressing-army general holds to the upright Way; state and house depend on him; the act of Yi and Huo rests on grave design—follow the ancient precedents in full and remove him by ritual. The central-army general, prince of Xin'an, is of Emperor Wen's blood, wise and bright by Heaven's endowment; let him succeed to the great charge and long pacify the realm. Receive him at once from outside with full ceremony. I, who am not yet gone to my death, meet these many trials and set down the brush with a heavier sigh."
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昭業少美容止，好隸書，世祖勑皇孫手書不得妄出，以貴重之。 進對音吐，甚有令譽。 王侯五日一問訊，世祖常獨呼昭業至幄座，別加撫問，呼爲法身，鍾愛甚重。 文惠皇太子薨，昭業每臨哭，輒號咷不自勝，俄爾還內，歡笑極樂。 在世祖喪，哭泣竟，入後宮，嘗列胡妓二部夾閤迎奏。 爲南郡王時，文惠太子禁其起居，節其用度，昭業謂豫章王妃庾氏曰：「阿婆，佛法言，有福德生帝王家。 今日見作天王，便是大罪，左右主帥，動見拘執，不如作市邊屠酤富兒百倍矣。」 及卽位，極意賞賜，動百數十萬。 每見錢，輒曰：「我昔時思汝一文不得，今得用汝未？」 朞年之間，世祖齋庫儲錢數億垂盡。 開主衣庫與皇后寵姬觀之，給閹人豎子各數人，隨其所欲，恣意輦取； 取諸寶器以相剖擊破碎之，以爲笑樂。 居嘗裸袒，著紅穀褌雜采衵服。 好鬥雞，密買雞至數千價。 世祖御物甘草杖，宮人寸斷用之。 毀世祖招婉殿，乞閹人徐龍駒爲齋。 龍駒尤親幸，爲後閤舍人，日夜在六宮房內。 昭業與文帝幸姬霍氏淫通，龍駒勸長留宮內，聲云度霍氏爲尼，以餘人代之。 嘗以邪諂自進，每謂人曰：「古時亦有監作三公者。」 皇后亦淫亂，齋閤通夜洞開，內外淆雜，無復分別。
Zhaoye was handsome in youth and loved clerical script; Emperor Wu commanded that the great-grandson's hand must not circulate casually, holding it precious. When he answered in audience, his voice and manner won high praise. Princes and dukes attended court every five days, but Emperor Wu often summoned Zhaoye alone to the curtained seat for extra questioning, called him Fashen, and doted on him exceedingly. After Crown Prince Wenhui died, whenever Zhaoye came to the mourning hall he would howl until he lost control; in a breath he would go back inside and laugh and revel to the full. During Emperor Wu's mourning, as soon as the wailing ended he went to the inner palace and once lined two troupes of Hu performers on either side of the gate to greet him with music. As prince of Nan commandery, Crown Prince Wenhui controlled his movements and cut his allowance; Zhaoye told the princess of Yuzhang, Lady Yu: "Granny, the Buddha says those with merit and fortune are born into a royal house. Now they have made me a king—that is the great sin; the stewards on every side bind me; I would rather be a rich butcher or tavern-keeper by the market a hundred times over." Once enthroned he gave with abandon, each gift running to hundreds of thousands. Whenever he saw cash he would say: "Once I longed for you and could not get a single coin—may I spend you now?" Within a year the several hundred million in Emperor Wu's fasting treasury and stored coin was nearly spent. He opened the imperial wardrobe for the empress and her favorites to see, gave several eunuch boys to each to take what they pleased and cart away at will; they seized jewels and vessels and smashed them against each other for sport. At leisure he often went bare-chested in red silk drawers and parti-colored inner robes. He loved cockfighting and secretly bought cocks for several thousand cash apiece. Emperor Wu's sweet-reed walking staff was chopped inch by inch by palace women for their own use. He tore down Emperor Wu's Zhaowan Hall and asked the eunuch Xu Longju to keep a fast for him. Longju was especially intimate, made householder of the rear pavilion, and day and night stayed in the six palaces' rooms. Zhaoye lay with Emperor Wen's favored lady, Lady Huo; Longju urged him to linger in the palace, saying he would have Lady Huo take the tonsure and put another in her place. He once rose by sycophancy and often told people: "In antiquity there were supervisors who became one of the three dukes too." The empress was debauched as well; the fasting pavilion stayed open through the night, court and camp mingled without distinction.
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中書舍人綦母珍之、朱隆之，直閤將軍曹道剛、周奉叔，竝爲帝羽翼。 高宗屢諫不納，先啓誅龍駒，次誅奉叔及珍之，帝竝不能違。 旣而尼媼外入，頗傳異語，乃疑高宗有異志。 中書令何胤以皇后從叔見親，使直殿省，嘗隨後呼胤爲三父，與胤謀誅高宗，令胤受事，胤不敢當，依違杜諫，帝意復止。 乃謀出高宗於西州，中勑用事，不復關諮。 高宗慮變，定謀廢帝。
Qimu Zhenzhi and Zhu Longzhi, gentlemen of the secretariat, and Cao Daogang and Zhou Fengshu, direct-pavilion generals—all were the emperor's wings. The High Ancestor warned him again and again, and was not heard. He asked first for Longju's head, then for Fengshu's and Zhenzhi's—and the emperor could refuse none of it. Soon a nun from outside brought odd rumors, and the emperor began to suspect the High Ancestor of other designs. He Yin of the Secretariat, the empress's cousin, was kept close and set to attend in the Hall of Direct Service. Once the emperor walked behind him calling him "Three Fathers." They plotted to kill the High Ancestor and put Yin in charge; Yin would not take it, stalled and talked him down, and the plan died away. Next he plotted to banish the High Ancestor to the Western Quarter and rule by inner edict alone, without further counsel. Fearing a coup, the High Ancestor set his mind to depose the emperor.
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二十二日壬辰，使蕭諶、坦之等於省誅曹道剛、朱隆之等，率兵自尚書入雲龍門，戎服加朱衣於上。 比入門，三失履。 王晏、徐孝嗣、蕭坦之、陳顯達、王廣之、沈文季系進。 帝在壽昌殿，聞外有變，使閉內殿諸房閣，令閹人登興光樓望，還報云：「見一人戎服，從數百人，急裝，在西鐘樓下。」 須臾，蕭諶領兵先入宮，截壽昌閣，帝走向愛姬徐氏房，拔劔自刺不中，以帛纏頸，輿接出延德殿。 諶初入殿，宿衛將士皆操弓盾欲拒戰，諶謂之曰：「所取自有人，卿等不須動！」 宿衛信之，及見帝出，各欲自奮，帝竟無一言。 出西弄，殺之，時年二十一，輿尸出徐龍駒宅，殯葬以王禮。 餘黨亦見誅。
On the twenty-second, day renchen, he sent Xiao Chen, Tanzhi, and others to kill Cao Daogang and Zhu Longzhi at the Secretariat, then led troops from the Secretariat through the Cloud Dragon Gate—armor under scarlet robes. At the gate he lost his shoes three times. Wang Yan, Xu Xiaosi, Xiao Tanzhi, Chen Xianda, Wang Guangzhi, and Shen Wenji followed in turn. The emperor was in Shouchang Hall. Hearing trouble outside, he shut the inner halls and sent a eunuch up Xingguang Tower to look. The man came back and said, "I see one man in armor, with several hundred followers, armed in haste, below the Western Bell Tower." A moment later Xiao Chen led the van into the palace and sealed Shouchang Pavilion. The emperor fled to his favorite Lady Xu's room, drew a sword and missed his own throat, bound his neck in silk, and was borne out on a litter to Yande Hall. As Chen entered, the night guards seized bow and shield to fight. Chen told them, "We take whom we mean to take—you need not move!" They believed him. When they saw the emperor carried out, each man would have fought—but the emperor never spoke a word. They took him to the Western Lane and killed him. He was twenty-one. His body was borne to Xu Longju's house and buried with the rites due a prince. The rest of the faction were put to death as well.
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史臣曰：鬱林王風華外美，衆所同惑。 伏情隱詐，難以貌求。 立嫡以長，未知瑕釁，世祖之心，不變周道。 旣而愆鄙內作，兆自宮闈，雖爲害未遠，足傾社稷。 《春秋》書梁伯之過，言其自取亡也。
The historian writes: The Prince of Yulin wore grace on the outside, and everyone was taken in alike. He buried feeling and hid fraud; the face told you nothing. The heir was set by senior right of birth, and no stain was yet seen; the Grand Ancestor's mind held to the Zhou pattern still. Then baseness rose within; the sign came from the women's quarters. Though ruin had not yet arrived, it was enough to topple the realm. The Spring and Autumn records the fault of the lord of Liang—he chose his own fall.
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贊曰：十愆有一，無國不失。 鬱林負荷，棄禮亡律。 [1]
In praise: Ten faults, and one is enough—no kingdom keeps its throne. Yulin bore the weight of the throne, threw away ritual, and let law die. [1] Endnote marker.
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全文以中華書局、一九七二年一月版《南齊書》爲本校。
The entire text has been collated against the Zhonghua shuju edition of the 《Book of Southern Qi》, January 1972.