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樂
Music
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南郊
Southern Suburban Sacrifice
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=南郊樂舞歌辭，二漢同用，見《前漢志》，五郊互奏之。 魏歌舞不見，疑是用漢辭也。 晉武帝，郊祀明堂，詔禮遵用周室肇稱殷祀之義，權用魏儀。 後使傅玄造《祠天地五郊夕牲歌》詩一篇，《迎神歌》一篇。 宋文帝使顏延之造《郊天夕牲》、《迎送神》、《饗神歌》詩三篇，是則宋初又仍晉也。 ，有司奏，郊廟雅樂歌辭舊使學士博士撰，搜簡採用，請敕外，凡肄學者普令制立。 參議：太廟登歌宜用司徒褚淵，餘悉用黃門郎謝超宗辭。 超宗所撰，多刪顏延之、謝莊辭以爲新曲，備改樂名。 ，太子步兵校尉伏曼容上表，宜集英儒，刪纂雅樂。 詔付外詳，竟不行。
Lyrics for southern suburban music and dance: Eastern and Western Han used the same set, recorded in the Former Han Treatise, with the five suburban rites taking turns to perform them. Wei-period songs and dances are not recorded; they probably kept the Han texts. When Emperor Wu of Jin sacrificed at the suburbs and in the Bright Hall, he ordered ritual to follow the Zhou idea of founding the state and styling the offering an Yin sacrifice, and for the time being to use Wei practice. He later had Fu Xuan write one "Evening Victim Song for Heaven, Earth, and the Five Suburbs" and one "Song for Welcoming the Spirits." Emperor Wen of Song had Yan Yanzhi compose three pieces—"Heaven-Suburb Evening Victims," "Welcoming and Sending the Spirits," and "Feasting the Spirits"—and early Song thus continued Jin practice. , the relevant offices reported: suburban and temple court-music texts had long been drafted by academicians and erudites, then sifted and adopted; they asked for an imperial order to the outer offices requiring every student in training to compose and establish them. On review: the Grand Temple ascent hymn should use Steward Chu Yuan; everything else should use Yellow Gate Gentleman Xie Chao-zong. Chao-zong's work largely trimmed Yan Yanzhi and Xie Zhuang to fashion new pieces and renamed the music throughout. , Heir Apparent Vice Commandant of Infantry Fu Manrong memorialized that eminent scholars should be gathered to revise and compile court ritual music. The court referred it to the outer offices for review, but nothing came of it.
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羣臣出入，奏《肅咸之樂》：
As ministers entered and left, they played "Music of Solemn Awe":
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:夤承寶命，嚴恭帝緒。 奄受敷錫，升中拓宇。 亘地稱皇，罄天作主。 月域來寶，日際奉土。 開元首正，禮交樂舉。 六典聯事，九官列序。 此下除四句。 皆顏辭。
: Reverently taking up the sacred charge, in grave respect for the imperial succession. Receiving the far-reaching gift, rising to the center and broadening the domain. Across the land he is called emperor; under all heaven he stands as sovereign. From the western marches come tribute; from the eastern edge they present earth. The founding year is set aright; rites are exchanged and music is lifted up. The six statutes join in their tasks; the nine ranks stand in their sequence. Four lines below were cut. All from Yan [Yanzhi].
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牲出入，奏《引牲之樂》：
When the victims entered and left, they played "Music for Leading the Victims":
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:皇乎敬矣，恭事上靈。 昭教國祀，肅肅明明。 有牲在滌，有潔在俎。 以薦王衷，以答神祜。 此上四句，顏辭。 陟配在京，降德在民。 奔精望夜，高燎佇晨。
: How august is reverence; in respect one serves the spirits above. The bright teaching of state sacrifice, solemn and luminous. Victims wait in the enclosure; offerings lie clean on the trays. To offer the king's true heart, to repay the spirits' grace. The four lines above are Yan's. He ascends to join the sacrifice in the capital; his virtue descends to the people. The swift spirit watches for night; the high flame awaits the morning.
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薦豆呈毛血，奏《嘉薦之樂》：
When beans were offered and hair and blood shown, they played "Music of Fine Offering":
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:我恭我享，惟孟之春。 以孝以敬，立我蒸民。 青壇奄靄，翠幕端凝。 嘉俎重薦，兼籍再升。 設業設簴，展容玉庭。 肇禋配祀，克對上靈。 此一篇增損謝辭。
: With reverence I worship, with reverence I feast—only in the first month of spring. In filial piety and in respect, he establishes his countless people. The azure altar lies in haze; the green awning hangs straight and still. Fine trays are offered again; layered mats are set once more. Frames and bell-stands are set out; ceremony unfolds in the jade hall. He begins the suburban rite of paired sacrifice, fit to answer the spirits above. This whole song revises Xie [Zhuang]'s text.
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::右夕牲歌，竝重奏。
:: Right: the evening-victim songs, each played twice.
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迎神，奏《昭夏之樂》：
To welcome the spirits they played "Zhao Xia" (Splendid Summer):
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:惟聖饗帝，惟孝饗親。 此下除二句。 禮行宗祀，敬達郊禋。 金枝中樹，廣樂四陳。 此下除八句。 月御案節，星驅扶輪。 遙興遠駕，曜曜振振。 告成大報，受厘元神。
: The sage alone feasts God; the filial alone feasts his ancestors. Two lines below were cut. Rites move through the ancestral temple; reverence extends to the suburban altar. Golden branches stand at the center; great music spreads on four sides. Eight lines below were cut. The moon chariot sets the measure; stars urge on, steadying the wheel. They rise from afar, the distant carriages; bright and bright, in stately train. The great report of completion is made; blessing is received from the primal spirit.
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皇帝入壇東門，奏《永至之樂》：
As the emperor entered the altar's east gate, they played "Music of Eternal Arrival":
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:紫壇望靈，翠幕佇神。 率天奉贄，罄地來賓。 神貺竝介，泯祗合祉。 恭昭鑒享，肅光孝祀。 威藹四靈，洞曜三光。 皇德全被，大禮流昌。
:On the purple altar we gaze toward the sacred; beneath the green canopy we wait for the spirit. He draws heaven to his offering and the whole earth to his court. Spirit gifts come side by side; every rite merges into shared blessing. In reverence he shows himself for Heaven to see; in solemn light he honors the ancestral rite. Majesty gathers the four spirits; radiance pierces sun, moon, and stars. Imperial virtue spreads everywhere; the great rite runs on in glory.
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皇帝升壇，奏登歌辭：
As the emperor mounted the altar, they sang the ascent hymn:
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:報惟事天，祭實尊靈。 史正嘉兆，神宅崇禎。 五畤昭鬯，六宗彝序。 介丘望塵，皇軒肅舉。
: Return is owed to Heaven alone; in sacrifice the spirits are truly exalted. The historian fixes the lucky sign; the god abides in exalted grace. At the five shrines the fragrant wine shines; the six ancestors stand in due sequence. From Mount Fen they watch the imperial train; the royal chariot lifts in solemn state.
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皇帝初獻，奏《文德宣烈之樂》：
At the emperor's first offering they played "Music of Civil Virtue Proclaiming Martial Glory":
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:營泰畤，定天衷。 思心緒，謀筮從。 此下除二句。 田燭置，權火通。 大孝昭，國禮融。 此一句改，餘皆顏辭，此下又除二十二句。
: He builds the great suburban mound and settles Heaven's true intent. Mind and purpose align; oracle and counsel follow as one. Two lines below were cut. Torches stand in the fields; the signal fires run in line. Great filial piety shines forth; the state rite flows as one. One line was revised; the rest are Yan [Yanzhi]'s; twenty-two further lines below were cut.
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次奏《武德宣烈之樂》：
Next they played "Music of Martial Virtue Proclaiming Martial Glory":
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:功燭上宙，德耀中天。 風移九域，禮飾八埏。 四靈晨炳，五緯宵明。 膺曆締運，道茂前聲。
: His merit illumines the heights; his virtue blazes at heaven's heart. His influence moves the nine regions; his rites grace the eight reaches. The four spirits flame at morning; the five stars burn bright by night. He takes the mandate and binds the age; the Way grows rich with old renown.
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太祖高皇帝配饗，奏《高德宣烈之樂》。 此章造奏。 尚書令王儉辭。
For the founding High Emperor in paired offering they played "Music of Lofty Virtue Proclaiming Martial Glory." This hymn was composed for the occasion. Text by Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Jian.
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:饗帝嚴親，則天光大。 舃弈前古，榮鏡無外。 日月宣華，卿雲流靄。 五漢同休，六幽咸泰。
: He feasts God in awe of his ancestors; matching Heaven, his glory spreads wide. Line upon line from antiquity; honor reflects with nothing left outside. Sun and moon pour forth their brilliance; auspicious clouds roll in haze. The five Han knew the same rest; the six hidden worlds all found ease.
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皇帝飲福酒，奏《嘉胙之樂》：
When the emperor drank the blessing wine, they played "Music of Fine Blessing":
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:鬯嘉禮，承休錫。 盛德符景緯，昌華應帝策。 聖藹耀昌基，融祉暉世曆。 聲正涵月軌，書文騰日迹。 寶瑞昭神圖，靈貺流瑞液。 我皇崇暉祚，重芬冠往籍。
: Sweet wine and blessed rite; he takes rest and takes Heaven's gift. Great virtue fits the signs in heaven; bright glory answers the emperor's design. Holy grace lights the thriving base; mingled blessing glows through the reign's years. True pitch holds the moon's course; written glory climbs the sun's trail. Treasured signs reveal the divine chart; spirit bounty streams like lucky rain. Our emperor lifts his bright fortune; redoubled glory tops the records of old.
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送神，奏《昭夏之樂》：
To send off the spirits they played "Zhao Xia" (Splendid Summer):
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:薦饗洽，禮樂該。 神娛展，辰旆回。 洞雲路，拂璇階。 紫雰藹，青霄開。 眷皇都，顧玉臺。 留昌德，結聖懷。
: Offerings and feast are full; rite and music meet in one. The gods' pleasure opens wide; the starry flags wheel home. They pierce the road of clouds; they skim the jade stair. Purple mist gathers round; the blue heavens unfold. They turn toward the royal city; they look back to the jade tower. They leave thriving grace behind; they seal the holy mind.
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皇帝就燎位，奏《昭遠之樂》：
As the emperor took his place at the pyre, they played "Music of Splendid Distance":
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:天以德降，帝以禮報。 牲樽俯陳，柴幣仰燎。 事展司采，敬達瑄薌。 煙贄青昊，震揚紫場。 陳馨示策，肅志宗禋。 禮非物備，福唯誠陳。
: Heaven sends down virtue; the emperor answers with rite. Sacrificial vessels lie bowed before him; brushwood and silks rise into the flame. The rite runs its course through the harvest officer; reverence reaches the jade and fragrant herb. Offering smoke climbs to the blue sky; thunder shakes the purple altar-ground. Sweet smoke is set forth, the oracle shown; solemn will reaches the ancestral offering. Ritual is not complete in offerings alone; fortune is granted only when sincerity is laid out.
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皇帝還便殿，奏《休成之樂》，重奏。
The emperor withdrew to the side hall; "Music of Completed Rest" was played, then played again.
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:昭事上祀，饗薦具陳。 回鑾轉翠，拂景翔宸。 綴縣敷暢，鍾石昭融。 羽炫深晷，籥曀行風。 肆序輟度，肅禮停文。 四金聳衛，六馭齊輪。
: For the rites above, every offering is set out in order. The returning carriage wheels in green; light brushes the soaring halls of the Son of Heaven. Frame-bells ring clear and wide; stone chimes blend in bright harmony. Feather pipes blaze through the long day; reed pipes murmur, carrying the wind along. The ordered dances halt their pace; solemn ritual brings the script to rest. Four bronze bells stand as escort; six chariot teams keep their wheels in line.
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::右南郊歌辭
:: Right: southern suburban hymn texts.
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北郊
Northern Suburban Sacrifice
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=北郊樂歌辭，案《周頌·昊天有成命》，郊祀天地也。 是則周、漢以來，祭天地皆同辭矣。 宋顏延之《饗地神辭》一篇，餘與南郊同。 齊北郊羣臣入奏《肅咸樂》，牲入奏《引牲》，薦豆毛血奏《嘉薦》，皇帝入壇東門奏《永至》，飲福酒奏《嘉胙》，還便殿奏《休成》，辭竝與南郊同。 迎送神《昭夏》登歌異。
Lyrics for northern suburban music and dance—on the model of Zhou Odes, "There Is the Decree of King," for sacrificing to Heaven and Earth at the suburbs. From Zhou and Han on, Heaven-and-Earth sacrifices shared the same texts. In Song, Yan Yanzhi's "Hymn to the Earth Spirit" stood alone; everything else matched the southern suburban set. At the northern suburban rite in Qi: ministers entering heard "Solemn Awe"; victims entering, "Leading the Victims"; offering beans, hair, and blood, "Fine Offering"; the emperor at the altar's east gate, "Eternal Arrival"; the blessing wine, "Fine Flesh-Offering"; return to the side hall, "Completed Rest"—all with the same words as the southern suburb. Only the welcoming and sending pieces—"Zhao Xia" and the ascent hymns—differed.
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迎地神，奏《昭夏之樂》：
To welcome the earth spirit they played "Zhao Xia":
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:詔禮崇營，敬饗玄畤。 靈正丹帷，月肅紫墀。 展薦登華，風縣凝鏘。 神惟戾止，鬱遙莊。 昭望歲芬，環遊辰太。 穆哉尚禮，橫光秉藹。
: By edict ritual is exalted; in reverence one feasts at the dark altar. The spirit steadies the scarlet hangings; the moon stands grave on the purple terrace. Offerings are spread in splendor; wind-bells gather in steady chime. The spirit alone comes to rest—remote, august, and still. Brightly he watches the year's fragrance; in circuit he moves through the season's height. How solemn is the rite revered; he bears the hazy light across the sky.
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皇帝升壇登歌：
As the emperor mounted the altar, the ascent hymn:
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:佇靈敬享，禋肅彝文。 縣動聲儀，薦潔牲芬。 陰祗以貺，昭司式慶。 九服熙度，六農祥正。
: He waits on the spirit and feasts in reverence; suburban rites are grave, the canonical text in order. Frame-bells stir—sound and ceremony; clean offerings, sweet victims. The yin powers answer with gifts; the bright court marks the blessing. The nine regions thrive in good order; the six crops stand straight in auspicious season.
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皇帝初獻，奏《地德凱容之樂》：
At the emperor's first offering they played "Earthly Virtue, Triumphant Bearing":
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:繕方丘，端國陰，掩圭晷，仰靈心。 詔源委，遍丘林。 此下除八句禮獻物，樂薦音。 此下除二十二句，餘皆顏辭。
: He tends the square mound, sets the land's yin aright; covers the jade gnomon, lifts his heart to the spirit. The edict's stream winds on, reaching every hill and wood. Eight lines below on ritual gifts and presentation music were cut. Twenty-two lines below were cut; what remains is all Yan [Yanzhi].
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次奏《昭德凱容之樂》：
Next they played "Bright Virtue, Triumphant Bearing":
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:慶圖濬邈，蘊祥秘瑤。 俔天炳月，嬪光紫霄。 邦化靈懋，閫則風調。 儷德方儀，徽載以昭。
: The map of blessing runs deep and far; good fortune hoarded, secret as jade. He mirrors Heaven, shines like the moon; mates his light with the purple sky. The realm's transforming virtue is rich and bright; within the gates, customs are in harmony. Virtue paired, conduct squared; insignia and records shine forth.
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送神，奏《昭夏之樂》：
To send off the spirit they played "Zhao Xia":
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:薦神升，享序楙。 淹玉俎，停金奏。 寶旆轉，旒駕旋。 溢素景，鬱紫躔。 靈心顧，留辰眷。 洽外瀛，瑞中縣。
: The spirit rises as offerings mount; the feast unfolds in full array. Jade trays are filled to brimming; bronze music falls silent. Treasure pennons wheel about; the beaded carriage turns homeward. Clear radiance spills over; purple paths thicken in the sky. The spirit turns his heart; he lingers on the season's favor. Peace reaches the outer seas; good omens gather in the frame-bells.
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瘞埋，奏《隸幽之樂》：
At interment in the earth they played "Hidden Submission":
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:后皇嘉慶，定祗玄畤。 承帝休圖，祗敷靈祉。 篚冪周序，軒朱凝會。 牲幣芬壇，精明佇蓋。 調川瑞昌，警岳祥泰。
: Sovereign blessing from queen and emperor; reverence is fixed at the dark altar. They take up the emperor's blessed design; reverently spread the spirits' grace. Baskets and veils stand in Zhou sequence; red carriages assemble in stately meeting. Victims and silks sweeten the altar; clear radiance waits under the ritual canopy. Rivers are tuned to blessing; mountains stand watch in sacred peace.
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::右北郊歌辭。
:: Right: the northern suburban hymn texts.
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明堂
Bright Hall
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=明堂歌辭，祠五帝。 漢郊祀歌皆四言，宋孝武使謝莊造辭，莊依五行數，木數用三，火數用七，土數用五，金數用九，水數用六。 案《鴻範》五行，一曰水，二曰火，三曰木，四曰金，五曰土。 《月令》木數八，火數七，土數五，金數九，水數六。 蔡邕云：「東方有木三土五，故數八； 南方有火二土五，故數七； 西方有金四土五，故數九； 北方有水一土五，故數六。」 又納音數，一言得土，三言得火，五言得水，七言得金，九言得木。 若依《鴻範》木數用三，則應水一火二金四也。 若依《月令》金九水六，則應木八火七也。 當以《鴻範》一二之數，言不成文，故有取捨，而使兩義竝違，未詳以數立言爲何依據也。 《周頌·我將》祀文王，言皆四，其一句五，一句七。 謝莊歌宋太祖亦無定句。
Bright Hall hymn texts, for sacrifice to the Five Thearchs. Han suburban hymns are all in four-character lines. Emperor Xiaowu of Song had Xie Zhuang compose the texts; Zhuang keyed them to the Five Phases—three for wood, seven for fire, five for earth, nine for metal, six for water. The Hong Fan lists the five phases: water first, fire second, wood third, metal fourth, earth fifth. The Monthly Ordinances give wood eight, fire seven, earth five, metal nine, water six. Cai Yong wrote: 「The east has wood three and earth five, so the count is eight; the south has fire two and earth five, so seven; the west has metal four and earth five, so nine; the north has water one and earth five, so six. 」By na-yin reckoning, one syllable yields earth, three fire, five water, seven metal, nine wood. On Hong Fan logic, wood at three would imply water one, fire two, metal four. On Monthly Ordinances logic, metal nine and water six would imply wood eight and fire seven. The Hong Fan's one-and-two sequence ought to govern, yet verse cannot be built from it whole, so choices were made and both schemes left in conflict—it is unclear what principle justified founding the lines on number alone. In the Zhou Ode "I Will," offered to King Wen, most lines are four syllables, but one has five and one has seven. Xie Zhuang's hymn for Song Taizu likewise had no fixed line length.
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建元初，詔黃門郎謝超宗造明堂夕牲等辭，並採用莊辭。 ，雩祭明堂，謝朓造辭，一依謝莊，唯世祖四言也。
Early in Jianyuan, the court ordered Yellow Gate Gentleman Xie Chao-zong to compose Bright Hall evening-victim hymns and the rest, drawing on Zhuang's texts. , for the Rain Prayer and Bright Hall, Xie Tiao composed the texts, following Xie Zhuang throughout—only Emperor Shizu's hymns are in four-character lines.
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賓出入，奏《肅咸樂》歌辭二章：
As guests entered and left, they played "Music of Solemn Awe," two hymn chapters:
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:彝承孝典，恭事嚴聖。 浹天奉贐，罄壤齊慶。 司儀且序，羽容夙章。 芬枝揚烈，黼構周張。 助寶尊軒，酎珍充庭。 璆縣凝會，琄朱竚聲。 先期選禮，肅若有承。 祗對靈祉，皇慶昭膺。
: The Yi line carries filial rite, serving the august spirits in grave respect. Gifts reach heaven; the whole realm joins in celebration. The ritual master sets the order; feathered dancers display their forms at dawn. Fragrant boughs flare; brocaded pavilions open on every side. Treasures grace the high hall; spiced libations fill the courtyard. Jade bells ring as one; crimson pipes stand ready with their tone. The rites are chosen beforehand; all attend with solemn readiness. In reverence they meet the spirits' grace; imperial blessing is plainly received.
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:尊事威儀，輝容昭序。 迅恭明神，潔盛牲俎。 肅肅嚴宮，藹藹崇基。 皇靈降止，百祇具司。 戒誠望夜，端烈承朝。 依微昭旦，物色輕霄。
: In honoring the august ceremony, splendor and bearing unfold in due sequence. Quick reverence for the bright spirits; victims and trays are pure and full. Solemn is the sacred hall; vast is the high foundation. The royal spirit descends; the hundred powers all attend their offices. Vigilant through the night in sincerity; at dawn upright splendor meets the court. At faint bright dawn, creation takes color in the pale sky.
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《青帝歌》：
"Song of the Green Thearch":
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:參映夕，駟昭晨。 靈乘震，司青春。 雁將向，桐始蕤。 和風舞，暄光遲。 萌動達，萬品親。 潤無際，澤無垠。
: Orion sets in evening light; the four-horse chariot heralds morning. The spirit rides the Zhen trigram, ruling the green of spring. Wild geese turn homeward; paulownia first puts out luxuriant leaf. Balmy winds dance; warm radiance comes slowly. Sprouts stir and reach abroad; the myriad kinds feel kinship. Moisture without end, grace without shore.
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《赤帝歌》：
"Song of the Red Thearch":
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:龍精初見大火中，朱光北至圭景同。 帝在在離寔司衡，雨水方降木堇榮。 庶物盛長咸殷阜，恩澤四溟被九有。
: Dragon essence first shows in the Heart constellation; vermilion rays north to the jade gnomon cast one shadow. The Thearch dwells in Li and truly holds the scales; rain has just fallen, and hibiscus blooms. The myriad things swell and all grow ample; grace floods the four seas and covers the nine domains.
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《黃帝歌》：
"Song of the Yellow Thearch":
61
:履艮宅中宇，司繩總四方。 裁化遍寒燠，布政司炎涼。 此以下除八句。 至分乘經晷，閉啓集恒度。 帝暉緝萬有，皇靈澄國步。
: Standing on Gen, dwelling in the central house, holding the cord that rules the four quarters. Shaping change through cold and heat, setting policy to govern warmth and chill. Eight lines below were cut. At the equinox he rides the sundial's cord; opening and closing gather fixed measure. Imperial radiance gathers all creation; the royal spirit steadies the kingdom's step.
62
《白帝歌》：
"Song of the White Thearch":
63
:百川若鏡，天地爽且明。 雲沖氣舉，盛德在素精。 此下除四句。 庶類收成，歲功行欲寧。 浹地奉渥，罄宇承帝靈。
: Rivers lie like mirrors; heaven and earth are crisp and clear. Clouds billow upward, breath ascends; great virtue dwells in white essence. Four lines below were cut. All species take their harvest; the year's task nears its quiet end. Dew soaks the earth in bounty; the whole realm receives the Thearch's spirit.
64
《黑帝歌》：
"Song of the Black Thearch":
65
:歲旣暮，日方馳。 靈乘坎，德司規。 玄雲合，晦鳥蹊。 白雲繁，亘天崖。 此下除四句。 晨晷促夕漏延。 大陰極微陽宣。 此下除二句。
: The year has turned old; the sun races westward. The spirit rides the Kan trigram; virtue keeps the measure. Black clouds merge; dusk birds fill the paths. White clouds mass, stretching across the sky's edge. Four lines below were cut. The morning gnomon runs short; the evening clepsydra runs long. Great yin peaks; faint yang begins to spread. Two lines below were cut.
66
皇帝還東壁，受福酒，奏《嘉胙樂》歌辭：太廟同用
The emperor withdrew to the eastern side hall, drank the blessing wine, and they played "Music of Fine Flesh-Offering"—the same text used in the Grand Temple.
67
:禮薦洽，福祚昌。 聖皇膺嘉祐，帝業凝休祥。 居極乘景運，宅德瑞中王。 澄明臨四奧，精華延八饗。 洞海同聲惠，澈宇麗乾光。 靈慶纏世祉，鴻烈永無疆。
: Offerings are complete, blessings overflow. The sage emperor wins sacred grace; the imperial enterprise gathers blessed peace. He sits at the summit, riding a bright age; dwelling in virtue, the auspicious king at the center. Clear light reigns over the four reaches; splendor flows through eight grand feasts. Deep seas echo the same blessing; the bright cosmos shines with heavenly light. Sacred joy binds generation to generation; imperial glory knows no end.
68
送神，奏《昭夏樂》歌辭：宋謝莊辭
To send off the spirits they played "Zhao Xia"—text by Xie Zhuang of Song.
69
:蘊禮容，餘樂度。 靈方留，景欲暮。 開九重，肅五達。 鳳參差，龍已沬。 雲旣動，河旣梁。 萬里照，四空香。 神之車，歸清都。 璇庭寂，玉殿虛。 鴻化凝，孝風熾。 顧靈心，結皇思。 鴻慶遐鬯，嘉薦令芳。 並帝明德，永祚深光。 增四字。
: Ritual bearing is full; music lingers in measure. The spirit has only just tarried; daylight nears its end. The ninefold gates open; the five roads stand in solemn array. Phoenixes wheel unevenly; dragons have already faded. Clouds now stir; the river is bridged. Light fills ten thousand li; fragrance fills the four heavens. The spirit's carriage turns homeward to the Clear Capital. The starry court falls silent; the jade hall stands empty. Great transformation gathers; filial winds burn bright. He turns his heart to the spirit; imperial longing takes shape. Grand blessing and fragrant libation; fine offerings, sweet with incense. With the Thearch's bright virtue joined; eternal fortune shines deep and long. Four characters added.
70
牲出入，奏《引牲樂》歌詩：
When victims entered and left, they played "Music for Leading the Victims":
71
:惟誠潔饗，維孝尊靈。 敬芳黍稷，敬滌犧牲。 騂繭在豢，載溢載豐。 以承宗祀，以肅皇衷。 蕭芳四舉，華火周傳。 神鑒孔昭，嘉足參牷。
: With sincerity alone is the feast made pure; with filial piety alone is the spirit honored. Reverent fragrance in millet and grain; reverent washing of the victims. Red steers and silkworm cocoons in the enclosure, brimful and rich. To carry on the ancestral rite; to dignify the emperor's inner heart. Fragrant smoke rises four times; blazing fire passes all around. The spirit sees clearly; fine offerings join the sacrificial beasts.
72
薦豆呈毛血，奏《嘉薦樂》歌詩二章：
When beans were offered and hair and blood displayed, they played "Music of Fine Offering" in two hymns:
73
:肇禋戒祀，禮容咸舉。 六典飾文，九司炤序。 牲柔旣昭，犧剛旣陳。 恭滌惟清，敬事惟神。 加籩再御，兼俎兼薦。 節動軒越，聲流金縣。
: At the opening of the suburban rite, all ceremonial bearing is set forth. The six statutes ornament the rite; the nine offices keep order in bright array. Tender victims are already shown; solid victims already laid out. With reverent washing comes purity; with reverent service comes the spirits. Baskets are added and served again; stands and offerings are set out together. The beat moves with the bell-frame; sound pours from the suspended bells.
74
:奕奕閟幄，亹亹嚴闈。 潔誠夕鑒，端服晨暉。 聖靈戾止，翊我皇則。 上綏四㝢，下洋萬國。 永言孝饗，孝饗有容。 儐僚贊列，肅肅雍雍。
: Splendid is the closed canopy; grave is the sacred palace gate. Pure heart watches through the night; formal dress meets the morning light. The sacred spirits descend and stay; they uphold our imperial law. Above they pacify the four reaches; below they grace the myriad realms. Forever speak of filial feast; filial feast keeps fitting form. Attending officers guide the ranks; solemn, harmonious.
75
::右夕牲辭
:: Right: the evening-victim hymn texts.
76
迎神，奏《昭夏樂》歌辭：
To welcome the spirits they played "Zhao Xia":
77
:地紐謐，乾樞回。 華蓋動，紫微開。 旌蔽日，車若雲。 駕六氣，乘煙煴。 燁帝景，耀天邑。 聖祖降，五雲集。 此下除八句。 懋粢盛，潔牲牷。 百禮肅，羣司虔。 皇德遠，大孝昌。 貫九幽，洞三光。 神之安，解玉鑾。 昌福至，萬㝢歡。 皆謝莊辭。
: Earth's cord lies quiet; Heaven's hub turns back. The imperial canopy stirs; the Purple Forbidden Palace opens. Standards blot out the sun; chariots crowd like clouds. Driving the six breaths; riding mist and glowing haze. The Thearch's glory blazes; it lights the heavenly city. The sacred forebear descends; five-colored clouds assemble. Eight lines below were cut. Abundant grain is heaped; victims are washed pure. Every rite stands solemn; every office keeps reverence. Imperial virtue spreads abroad; great filial piety thrives. It reaches the nine dark depths; it lights the three luminaries. The spirits come to rest; the jade chariot-bells are unhitched. Flourishing fortune arrives; the whole realm rejoices. All texts are Xie Zhuang's.
78
皇帝昇明堂。 奏登歌辭：
The emperor ascended the Bright Hall. They played the ascent hymns:
79
:雍臺辯朔，澤宮選辰。 挈火夕照，明水朝陳。 六瑚賁室，八羽華庭。 昭事先聖，懷濡上靈。 肆夏式敬，升歌發德。 永固洪基，以綏萬國。 皆謝莊辭。
: At Yong Terrace the new moon is fixed; at Ze Palace the day is chosen. Fire is carried to light the evening; clear water is set out at dawn. Six hu vessels grace the chamber; eight feather-dancers adorn the court. Service to the former sage is made plain; the upper spirits are cherished and nourished. "Si Xia" shows reverence; the ascent hymn sends virtue abroad. Forever firm the great foundation; thereby settle the myriad realms. All texts are Xie Zhuang's.
80
初獻，奏《凱容宣烈樂》歌辭：太廟同
For the first offering they played "Kairong Xuanlie"—the same text as the Grand Temple.
81
:釃醴具登，嘉俎咸薦。 饗洽誠陳，禮周樂遍。 祝辭罷祼，序容輟縣。 蹕動端庭，鑾回嚴殿。 神儀駐景，華漢高虛。 八靈案衛，三祇解途。 翠蓋澄耀，罼帟凝晨。 玉𨮗息節，金輅懷音。 戒誠達孝，厎心肅感。 追馮皇鑒，思承淵範。 神錫懋祉，四緯昭明。 仰福帝徽，俯齊庶生。
: Libation wine is fully set out; fine stands are all presented. Feasting is full and sincerity laid out; rites are complete and music everywhere. Prayers end and the libation stops; ordered dancers halt the suspended bells. The imperial guard stirs in the formal court; the imperial carriage wheels back to the sacred hall. The spirits' form stays the light; the Milky Way stands high and void. Eight numinous powers stand as escort; the three sovereign spirits open the road. The green canopy gleams clear; tent curtains hold the morning light. Jade bridle rests its beat; golden chariot keeps its tone. Guarded sincerity reaches filial devotion; the heart is settled in solemn feeling. He follows the imperial mirror on high; he seeks to inherit the deep model. The spirits grant rich blessing; the four quarters shine clear. He looks up to the Thearch's glory for fortune; he looks down to bring all life into accord.
82
::右祠明堂歌辭。 建元、永明中奏。
:: Right: Bright Hall sacrifice hymn texts. Performed in the Jianyuan and Yongming reigns.
83
雩祭歌辭：
Rain-prayer sacrifice hymn texts:
84
:清明暢，禮樂新。 候龍景，選貞辰。 陽律亢，陰晷伏。 秏下土，薦璟稑。 震儀警，王度乾。 嗟雲漢，望昊天。 張盛樂，奏《雲儛》。 集五精，延帝祖。 雩有諷，禜有秩。 膋鬯芬，圭瓚瑟。 靈之來，帝閽開。 車煜耀，吹徘徊。 停龍犧，遍觀此。 凍雨飛，祥風靡。 壇可臨，奠可歆。 對泯祉，鑒皇心。
: Clear and bright, free-flowing; rites and music made new. They mark the dragon hour and choose a sacred day. Yang tones mount high; the yin gnomon sinks away. The soil lies parched; choice grain is laid out. Thunderous ceremony sounds; the royal rite faces the sky. They sigh at the Milky Way and look to Great Heaven. Full music opens wide; they play "Cloud Dance." Five essences are assembled; the royal ancestors are called. The rain-prayer chant is set; the yin offering follows due order. Frankincense and libation sweeten the air; jade scepters and goblets are prepared. The spirit arrives and Heaven's gate swings open. Carriages flare in light; reed pipes swirl in lingering wind. The dragon victim rests; the rite is viewed on every side. Chill rain scatters; a blessed wind sweeps the fields. The altar stands ready; the gifts may be accepted. Blessing wells up unseen; the Son of Heaven's heart is judged.
85
::右迎神歌辭依漢來郊歌三言。 宋明堂迎神八解。
:: Right: welcoming-spirit hymn text, on Han suburban models in three-character lines. Song Bright Hall welcoming-spirit hymn, in eight sections.
86
:濬哲維祖，長發其武。 帝出自震，重光御㝢。 七德攸宣，九疇咸敘。 靜難荊、舒，凝威蠡浦。 昧旦丕承，夕惕刑政。 化壹車書，德馨粢盛。 昭星夜景，非雲曉慶。 衢室成陰，璧水如鏡。 禮充玉帛，樂被筦弦。 於鑠在詠，陟配于天。 自宮徂兆，靡愛牲牷。 我將我享，永祚豐年。
: Deep and wise the forebear; long he nurtured martial power. The Thearch rose from Zhen; twin glory governs the world. The seven virtues are spread abroad; the nine domains stand in array. Rebellion in Jing and Shu was stilled; dread gathered at Lihu Creek. Before dawn he took the great charge; by night he guarded law and rule. Chariots and records were unified; his virtue sweetens the offering grain. Stars blaze in the night view; at fair dawn comes rejoicing. The lecture hall stands in shade; the jade pond shines mirror-clear. Ritual overflows with jade and silk; music covers reed and string. Splendid in praise, he rises to share Heaven's portion. From palace to sacred ground, no choice victim is withheld. We offer and feast; long fortune, harvest years without end.
87
::右歌世祖武皇帝依廟歌四言
:: Right: hymn to Emperor Shizu the Martial, on temple-hymn models in four-character lines.
88
:營翼日，鳥殷宵。 凝冰泮，玄蟄昭。 景陽陽，風習習。 女夷歌，東皇集。 奠春酒，秉青珪。 命田祖，渥羣黎。
: The Yingshi stars stand at day; birds throng through the night. Frozen ice thaws; the hidden insects wake. Warm sun shines clear; gentle winds come and go. Nüyi lifts her song; the Eastern Sovereign assembles. Spring wine is offered; the green jade scepter is raised. The Field Ancestor is called; the people receive abundant grace.
89
::右歌青帝木生數三
:: Right: hymn to the Green Thearch—wood, generated number three.
90
:惟此夏德德恢台，雨龍旣御炎精來。 火景方中南譌秩，靡草云黃含桃實。 族雲蓊鬱溫風煽，興雨祁祁黍苗徧。
: This summer virtue stands broad and high; the rain-dragon holds reins; fiery essence arrives. Fire's blaze sits at due south, southern pitch in season; faded grass turns gold and peaches swell with fruit. Cloud banks swell deep; warm winds stir; soft rain falls and millet covers the fields.
91
::右歌赤帝火成數七
:: Right: hymn to the Red Thearch—fire, completed number seven.
92
:稟火自高明，毓金挺剛克。 涼燠資成化，羣方載厚德。 陽季勾萌達，炎徂溽暑融。 商暮百工止，歲極淩陰沖。 皇流疏已清，原隰甸已平。 咸言祚惟億，敦民保高京。
: Fire is drawn from lofty light; metal is nurtured, hard and resolute. Warmth and chill sustain the year's change; every quarter holds deep virtue. In yang season sprouts break ground; fierce heat gives way to muggy summer's thaw. At autumn dusk labor ceases; year's end meets chill yin head-on. The throne's waters run clear; plains and marshes lie level and still. All proclaim fortune beyond count; the people are steadied, the high capital kept safe.
93
::右歌黃帝土成數五
:: Right: hymn to the Yellow Thearch—earth, completed number five.
94
:帝悅于兌，執矩固司藏。 百川收潦，精景應徂商。 嘉樹離披，榆關命賓鳥。 夜月如霜，秋風方嫋嫋。 商陰肅殺，萬寶咸亦遒。 勞哉望歲，場功冀可收。
: The Thearch joys in Dui; with the carpenter's square he holds the treasury fast. Every stream draws off the floods; clear light answers autumn's departure. Ornate trees scatter their leaves; at Yulin Pass the guest birds are called homeward. Night moon shines frost-white; autumn breeze curls soft and slow. Autumn's yin is stern and sharp; every harvest treasure grows firm and full. Toilsome the year-end watch; at last the field work may be gathered in.
95
::右歌白帝金成數九
:: Right: hymn to the White Thearch—metal, completed number nine.
96
:白日短、玄夜深。 招搖轉、移太陰。 霜鍾鳴、冥陵起。 星回天、月窮紀。 聽嚴風、來不息。 望玄雲、黝無色。 曾冰洌、積羽幽。 飛雪至，天山側。 關梁閉、方不巡。 合國吹、饗蜡賓。 充微陽、究終始。 百禮洽、萬祚臻。
: White day shrinks short; black night runs deep. The Dipper wheels; yin shifts its place. Frost bells sound; the dark tomb-mound rises. Stars wheel back to heaven; the moon ends its yearly round. Hear the harsh wind come without pause. Dark clouds loom, black as ink without hue. Ice layers cold and sharp; piled snow lies in deep gloom. Flying snow comes to Tian Mountain's side. Passes and bridges shut; the land goes unpatrolled. All the realm pipes together; the wax-guest feast is held. Faint yang is filled; beginning and end are traced through. A hundred rites accord; ten thousand blessings arrive.
97
::右歌黑帝水成數六
:: Right: hymn to the Black Thearch—water, completed number six.
98
:敬如在，禮將周。 神之駕，不少留。 躡龍鑣，轉金蓋。 紛上馳，雲之外。 警七曜，詔八神。 排閶闔，渡天津。 有渰興，膚寸積。 雨冥冥，又終夕。 俾棲糧，惟萬箱。 皇情暢，景命昌。
: Reverent as if the spirit were here; the rite draws to its close. The spirit's chariot will not linger. They tread dragon reins and wheel the golden canopy. They scatter upward in haste, beyond the clouds. The seven lights are summoned; the eight spirits are commanded. Heaven's gates are thrust open; the Heavenly Ford is crossed. Heavy clouds billow; inch by inch they mass together. Rain falls blind and dark through another full night. Grain may rest in store—ten thousand granaries full. The emperor's heart opens wide; the bright mandate thrives.
99
::右送神歌辭
:: Right: sending-off spirit hymn text.
101
太廟
Imperial Ancestral Temple
102
=太廟樂歌辭，《周頌·清廟》一篇，漢《安世歌》十七章是也。 ，東平王蒼造光武廟登歌一章二十六句，其辭稱述功德。
= Imperial Ancestral Temple music-hymn texts: the Zhou Ode "Pure Temple" in one piece, and the Han "Anshi Songs" in seventeen chapters. , Prince of Dongping Cang wrote one ascent hymn of twenty-six lines for Emperor Guangwu's temple, praising his merit and virtue.
103
，魏國初建，侍中王粲作登歌《安世詩》，說神靈鑒饗之意。 明帝時，侍中繆襲奏：「《安世詩》本故漢時歌名，今詩所歌，非往詩之文。 襲案《周禮》注云，《安世樂》猶周房中樂也。 往昔議者，以房中歌后妃之德，宜改《安世》名《正始之樂》，後讀漢《安世歌》，亦說神來宴饗，無有后妃之言。 思惟往者謂房中樂爲后妃歌，恐失其意。 方祭祀娛神，登歌先祖功德，下堂詠宴享，無事歌后妃之化也。」 於是改《安世樂》曰《饗神歌》。 散騎常侍王肅作宗廟詩頌十二篇，不入於樂。
, when Wei was first founded, Palace Attendant Wang Can wrote the ascent hymn "Anshi Poem," on spirits witnessing and accepting the feast. Under Mingdi, Palace Attendant Miao Xi submitted: 「"Anshi Poem" was originally an old Han song-title, but what is sung now is not the old text. Xi cited the Zhou Rites commentary: "Anshi Music" corresponds to Zhou chamber music. Earlier critics took chamber music as hymns to empresses' virtue and wanted "Anshi" renamed "Music of Right Beginning"; but Han "Anshi Songs" also describe spirits arriving to feast, with no mention of empresses. Considering that earlier men had read chamber music as empress-hymns, they feared missing the point. At sacrifice one delights the spirits: ascent hymns praise ancestral merit, and below the hall the feast is chanted—there is no occasion to sing empresses' transforming grace. 」 "Anshi Music" was then renamed "Spirit-Feasting Song." Attendant-in-Ordinary Wang Su wrote twelve temple eulogies; they were not added to the music.
104
晉泰始中，傅玄造《廟夕牲昭夏》歌一篇，《迎送神肆夏》歌詩一篇，登歌七廟七篇。 玄云：「登歌歌盛德之功烈，故廟異其文。 至於饗神，猶《周頌》之《有瞽》及《雍》，但說祭饗神明禮樂之盛，七廟饗神皆用之。」 夏侯湛又造宗廟歌十三篇。
In Jin Taishi, Fu Xuan wrote one "Temple Evening Victim Zhao Xia" hymn, one "Welcoming and Sending Spirits Si Xia" hymn-poem, and seven ascent hymns for the seven temples. Xuan said: 「Ascent hymns praise great virtue and deeds, so each temple has its own text. For feasting the spirits, as in the Zhou Odes "You Gu" and "Yong," the text only celebrates sacrifice, feast, spirits, and the splendor of rite and music—and all seven temples use the same hymn. 」 Xiahou Zhan also wrote thirteen temple hymns.
105
宋世王韶之造七廟登歌七篇。 昇明中，太祖爲齊王，令司空褚淵造太廟登歌二章。 建元初，詔黃門侍郎謝超宗造廟樂歌詩十六章。
In Song, Wang Shao-zhi wrote seven ascent hymns for the seven temples. During Shengming, while the Grand Ancestor was still Prince of Qi, he had Minister of Works Chu Yuan compose two Imperial Ancestral Temple ascent hymns. Early in Jianyuan, an edict ordered Yellow Gate Gentleman Xie Chao-zong to compose sixteen temple music hymns.
106
，尚書殿中曹奏：「太祖高皇帝廟神室奏《高德宣烈之舞》，未有歌詩，郊應須歌辭。 穆皇后廟神室，亦未有歌辭。 案傅玄云：『登歌廟異其文，饗神七室同辭。』 此議爲允。 又尋漢世歌篇，多少無定，皆稱事立文，竝多八句，然後轉韻。 時有兩三韻而轉，其例甚寡。 張華、夏侯湛亦同前式。 傅玄改韻頗數，更傷簡節之美。 近世王韶之、顏延之並四韻乃轉，得賒促之中。 顏延之、謝莊作三廟歌，皆各三章章八句，此于序述功業詳略爲宜，今宜依之。 郊配之日，改降尊作主，禮殊宗廟； 穆后母儀之化，事異經綸。 此二歌爲一章八句，別奏事御奉行。」 詔「可」。 尚書令王儉造太廟二室及郊配辭。
, the Secretariat's Director of Palace Affairs reported: 「At Grand Ancestor Gaozu's temple chamber they perform "Dance Proclaiming Lofty Virtue and Martial Glory," but there is no hymn yet; the suburban rite still needs words. Empress Mu's temple chamber likewise has no hymn text. On Fu Xuan's view: 『Ascent hymns differ in wording from temple to temple, but the seven chambers share one text for spirit-feasting. 』 This view was accepted. Reviewing Han song-cycles shows no fixed length: each was shaped to its subject, usually eight lines before the rhyme turned. Occasionally the rhyme shifted after two or three stanzas, but that was rare. Zhang Hua and Xiahou Zhan followed the same earlier form. Fu Xuan changed rhyme too often, which further marred the grace of compact restraint. Recently Wang Shao-zhi and Yan Yan-zhi both turned rhyme after four stanzas, hitting the mean between long and short. Yan Yan-zhi and Xie Zhuang wrote hymns for three temples, each in three eight-line chapters—fitting for fuller or briefer accounts of merit—and that pattern should be adopted now. On suburban-sacrifice days, when the honored one is demoted to preside, the rite differs from ancestral-temple ceremony; Empress Mu's maternal transforming grace is a matter apart from governance. These two hymns are to be one eight-line chapter each, performed separately as the ceremony requires. 」 The edict said 「Granted.」 Wang Jian, Minister Over the Masses, composed hymn texts for two ancestral-temple chambers and the suburban rite.
107
羣臣出入，奏《肅咸樂》歌辭：
When ministers entered and left, they played "Music of Solemn Awe":
108
:潔誠颭孝，孝感煙霜。 夤儀飾序，肅禮綿張。 金華樹藻，肅哲騰光。 殷殷升奏，嚴嚴階庠。 匪椒匪玉，是降是將。 懋分神衷，翊祐傳昌。
: Pure heart sways with filial grace; filial virtue answers through smoke and frost. Due form adorns the sequence; solemn rites spread out wide. Gold brilliance sets out finery; grave wisdom flares with light. Deep and steady the ascending music; stern the terraced hall of learning. Neither spice nor jade alone—they are brought down and offered up. Heartfelt reverence to the spirits; aid and blessing passed on in flourishing grace.
109
牲出入，奏《引牲樂》歌辭：
When victims were led in and out, they played "Music for Leading Victims":
110
:肇祀嚴靈，恭禮尊國。 達敬敷典，結孝陳則。 芬滌旣肅，犧牷旣整。 聳誠流思，端儀選景。 肆禮佇夜，綿樂望晨。 崇席皇鑒，用饗明神。
: At the rite's beginning, spirits are honored; with reverent ceremony the realm is exalted. Reverence reaches far; canon is spread abroad; filial duty binds; norms are displayed. Sweet ablutions done in solemn order; sacrificial beasts stand ready. Devotion rises, thought pours forth; formal bearing chooses the sacred hour. The full rite holds through the night; unbroken music waits for dawn. High seats for the Son of Heaven to witness; to feast the luminous spirits.
111
薦豆呈毛血，奏《嘉薦樂》歌辭：
When hair and blood on platters were presented, they played "Music of Fine Offering":
112
:清思眑眑，閟寢微微。 恭言載感，肅若有希。 芬俎具陳，嘉薦兼列。 凝馨煙颺，分炤星晰。 睿靈式降，協我帝道。 上澄五緯，下陶八表。
: Clear mind shines far; the inner chamber glows faint. Reverent speech bears deep feeling; grave, as if hope were near. Sweet-smelling trays stand full; choice offerings line the hall. Thick incense curls in smoke; starlight splits bright and clear. Bright spirits come down as they should; they align with the imperial path. Above, the five cords are clarified; below, the eight reaches are molded.
113
::右夕牲歌辭
:: Right: evening-victim hymn texts.
114
迎神，奏《昭夏樂》歌辭：
To welcome the spirits they played "Splendid Summer Music":
115
:涓辰選氣，展禮恭祗。 重闈月洞，層牖煙施。 載虛玉鬯，載受金枝。 天歌折饗，雲舞罄儀。 神惟降止，泛景凝羲。 帝華永藹，泯藻方摛。
: A sacred day is chosen, qi is selected; the rite unfolds in reverent awe. Double doors hollow with moonlight; tiered windows breathe ritual smoke. Empty jade cups are carried; golden branches are received. Heaven's hymn ends the offering; cloud-dance completes the rite. The spirits descend and rest; light spreads, dawn-glow gathers. Imperial glory ever verdant; flowing ornament spreads its weave.
116
皇帝入廟北門，奏《永至樂》歌辭：
When the emperor entered the temple north gate, they played "Music of Eternal Arrival":
117
:戲繇惟則，姬經式序。 九司聯事，八方承宇。 鑾迾靜陳，縵樂具舉。 凝旒若慕，傾璜載竚。 振振璇衛，穆穆禮容。 載藹皇步，式敷帝蹤。
: The counsel of Yu is the rule; Zhou's classic sets the sequence. Nine bureaus join in duty; eight quarters uphold the realm. The imperial escort stands in silent order; leisurely music lifts throughout. Pendants hang still as in yearning; jade pendants tilt, the bearer stands waiting. Steady, steady the jade escort; solemn, solemn the ritual mien. Imperial grace marks the royal pace; the Son of Heaven's path is traced out.
118
太祝祼地，奏登歌辭：
The Grand Invocator poured libation on the earth and sang the ascent hymn:
119
:清明旣鬯，大孝乃熙。 天儀睟愴，皇心儼思。 旣芬房豆，載潔牷牲。 鬱祼升禮，鋗玉登聲。 茂對幽嚴，式奉徽靈。 以享以祀，惟感惟誠。
: Libation stands pure and ready; great filial piety shines forth. Heaven's rite wears gentle mien; the emperor's heart stands grave in thought. Room vessels and beans already sweet with scent; the sacrificial ox is washed pure. Spiced libation rises in ritual; jade bells lift the ascent hymn. Richly they meet the hidden solemn shrine; thus they serve the numinous spirit. They offer and they sacrifice—pure feeling, pure sincerity.
120
皇祖廣陵丞府君神室奏《凱容樂》歌辭：
At Imperial Grandfather Lord Guangling Assistant Magistrate's spirit chamber they played the "Triumphant Appearance" hymn:
121
:國昭惟茂，帝穆惟崇。 登祥緯遠，締世景融。 紛綸睿緒，菴蔚王風。 明進厥始，濬哲文終。
: State glory stands full and bright; imperial reverence rises supreme. Blessings mount and omens reach far; founding ages blend in radiant accord. Wise threads weave a rich lineage; royal grace spreads lush and wide. Bright at the first advance; deep wisdom at the last flourish.
122
皇祖太中大夫府君神室奏《凱容樂》歌辭：
At Imperial Grandfather Lord Grand Master for All Purposes' spirit chamber they played the "Triumphant Appearance" hymn:
123
:璇條夤蔚，瓊源浚照。 懋矣皇烈，載挺明劭。 永言敬思，式恭惟教。 休途良乂，榮光有耀。
: Jade branches bloom in deep profusion; the jade spring shines clear from its source. Great the imperial achievement; bright strength thrusts forth. Forever they speak in reverent thought; thus reverent in teaching. A good road and fair governance; glory shines abroad.
124
皇祖淮陰令府君神室奏《凱容樂》歌辭：
At Imperial Grandfather Lord Huaiyin Magistrate's spirit chamber they played the "Triumphant Appearance" hymn:
125
:嚴宗正典，崇饗肇禋。 九章旣飾，三清旣陳。 昭恭皇祖，承假徽神。 貞祐伊協，卿藹是鄰。
: Solemn ancestral rites stand set aright; the exalted feast opens sacrifice. Nine ritual regalia stand adorned; the Three Pure are already set out. Bright reverence to the imperial forebear; they receive the numinous spirit. Steadfast blessing keeps all in accord; harmony dwells among the officers.
126
皇曾祖卽丘令府君神室奏《凱容樂》歌辭：
At Imperial Great-Grandfather Lord Jiqiu Magistrate's spirit chamber they played the "Triumphant Appearance" hymn:
127
:肅惟敬祀，絜事參薌。 環袨像綴，緬密絲簧。 明明烈祖，尚錫龍光。 粵《雅》于姬，伊《頌》在商。
: Sole reverence marks the sacrifice; pure service blends fragrant offerings. Ritual robes circle in ornament; fine silk and reed pipes fill the hall. Bright, bright the heroic forebear; dragon glory is still conferred. Like the "Ya" hymns among the Ji; like the "Song" hymns in Shang.
128
皇祖太常卿府君神室奏《凱容樂》歌辭：
At Imperial Grandfather Lord Minister of Ceremonies' spirit chamber they played the "Triumphant Appearance" hymn:
129
:神宮懋鄴，明寢昌基。 德凝羽綴，道鬯容辭。 假我帝緒，懿我皇維。 昭大之載，國齊之祺。
: The spirit hall flourishes in splendor; bright shrine, thriving foundation. Virtue gathers like plumed regalia; the Way's libation shapes the hymn. Grant me the imperial thread; glorious is the royal line. Bright and vast its age; unified realm, abounding fortune.
130
皇考宣皇神室奏《宣德凱容樂》歌辭：
At Imperial Father Emperor Xuan's spirit chamber they played the "Virtue-Proclaiming Triumphant Appearance" hymn:
131
:道紵期運，義開藏用。 皇矣睿祖，至哉攸縱。 循規烈照，襲矩重芬。 德溢軒羲，道懋炎雲。
: The Way is spun through destined times; righteousness opens hidden virtue to use. How august the wise forebear; utmost is his free sway. He follows the compass in blazing light; he inherits the square in doubled fragrance. Virtue overflows Yellow Emperor and Fuxi; the Way flourishes like fiery clouds.
132
昭皇后神室奏《凱容樂》歌辭：
At Empress Zhao's spirit chamber they played the "Triumphant Appearance" hymn:
133
:月靈誕慶，雲瑞開祥。 道茂淵柔，德表徽章。 粹訓宸中，儀形宙外。 容蹈凝華，金羽傳藹。
: The moon spirit brings blessed birth; cloud omens open good fortune. The Way stands deep and gently rich; virtue shows in noble emblem. Pure teaching within the palace reaches; her model form spreads beyond the cosmos. Graceful bearing gathers flower-like splendor; golden feather dance spreads gentle harmony.
134
皇帝還東壁上福酒，奏《永祚樂》歌辭：
The emperor returned to the east wall to offer blessing wine; they played "Everlasting Fortune Music":
135
:構宸抗宇，合軫齊文。 萬靈載溢，百禮以殷。 朱弦繞風，翠羽停雲。 桂樽旣滌，瑤俎旣薰。 升薦惟誠，昭禮惟芬。 降祉遙裔，集慶氤氳。
: The palace rises, eaves lifted high; realms join axle to axle in shared rites. Myriad spirits fill the hall; a hundred rites stand full and rich. Red strings curl through the wind; green plumes hold the clouds in pause. Cassia goblets are washed pure; jade stands sweet with incense. They offer with pure sincerity; rites shine sweet with fragrance. Blessing falls on distant heirs; fortune gathers in misty swirls.
136
送神，奏《肆夏樂》歌辭：
Sending off the spirits, they played "Si Xia Music":
137
:禮旣升，樂以愉。 昭序溢，幽饗餘。 人祗鬯，敬教敷。 申光動，靈駕翔。 芬九垓，鏡八鄉。 福無屆，祚無疆。
: Rite rises complete; music brings delight. Bright rites spill over; the spirit-feast lingers on. Mortals and spirits share libation; reverent teaching goes abroad. Light stretches forth; the spirit chariot takes flight. Fragrance fills the nine reaches; blessing mirrors the eight directions. Blessing has no limit; the throne has no end.
138
皇帝詣便殿，奏《休成樂》歌辭：
The emperor went to the side hall and played the "Xiucheng" hymn:
139
:睿孝式鬯，饗敬爰遍。 諦容輟序，佾文靜縣。 辰儀聳蹕，宵衛浮鑾。 旒帟雲舒，翠華景摶。 恭惟尚烈，休明再纏。 國猷遠藹，昌圖聿宣。
: Wise filial piety pours libation; feast and reverence fill every place. Grave mien stills the rite; dance and bells fall quiet. Morning ceremony halts the march; night guards float the royal bells. Canopy curtains billow like clouds; imperial banners wheel in light. Reverently honoring lofty worth; bright rule is woven anew. State design spreads far and wide; the plan for prosperity is proclaimed.
140
太廟登歌辭二章：
Imperial Ancestral Temple ascent hymns, two chapters:
141
:惟王建國，設廟凝靈。 月薦流典，時祀暉經。 瞻辰僾思，雨露追情。 簡日筮晷，閟奠升文。 金罍渟桂，沖幄舒薰。 備僚肅列，駐景開雲。
: The king founds the realm; he builds the temple and gathers the spirits. Monthly offerings follow ancient canon; seasonal rites mark the bright calendar. They mark the season with hidden reverence; grace like rain and dew follows deep feeling. Day is chosen, gnomon cast; the sealed offering raises the written rite. Gold goblets steep with cassia; the inner canopy breathes incense. Officers stand prepared in solemn ranks; splendor pauses as clouds part.
142
:至饗攸極，睿孝惇禮。 具物咸絜，聲香合體。 氣昭扶幽，眇慕纏遠。 迎絲驚促，迭佾留晚。 聖衷踐候，節改增愴。 妙感崇深，英徽彌亮。
: The feast reaches its height; wise filial piety keeps the rites in earnest. Every offering is pure; music and incense are one. Bright breath upholds the hidden realm; distant yearning binds the far. Strings sound in urgent welcome; dancers in turn hold the evening. The emperor's heart keeps watch; the seasons turn and sorrow deepens. Subtle feeling runs deep; the noble emblem shines ever brighter.
143
太祖高皇帝神室奏《高德宣烈樂》歌辭：
At Grand Ancestor Gaozu's spirit chamber they played the "Lofty Virtue Proclaims Martial Glory" hymn:
144
:悠悠草昧，穆穆經綸。 乃文乃武，乃聖乃神。 動龕危亂，靜比斯民。 誕應休命，奄有八夤。 握機肇運，光啓禹服。 義滿天淵，禮昭地軸。 澤靡不懷，威無不肅。 戎夷竭歡，象來致福。 偃風裁化，暅日敷祥。 信星含曜，秬草流芳。 七廟觀德，六樂宣章。 惟先惟敬，是饗是將。
: Long in primal darkness; solemn the grand design. Civil and martial alike; sage and divine alike. In action he stilled crisis and chaos; at rest he drew the people near. He received the bright mandate; all the eight reaches were his. He seized the pivot and began the mandate; he brightly opened the realm of Yu. Righteousness filled heaven's deep; rites lit earth's axis. None went ungraced; none failed to stand in awe. Tribes bowed in full submission; elephants came bearing blessing. Winds lay down and change took shape; the bright sun spread good omens. Stars hold their bright trust; sacred millet spreads its fragrance. Seven temples display his virtue; six kinds of music proclaim his glory. Reverence before all else—we feast and we serve.
145
穆皇后神室奏《穆德凱容之樂》歌辭：
At Empress Mu's spirit chamber they played the "Mude Kairong" hymn:
146
:大姒嬪周，塗山儷禹。 我后嗣徽，重規疊矩。 肅肅閟宮，翔翔《雲舞》。 有饗德馨，無絕終古。
: Great Si wed Zhou; at Mount Tu she matched Yu. Our empress inherited noble virtue; rule upon rule, measure upon measure. Grave and solemn the sealed palace; soaring, soaring "Cloud Dance." Feast brings fragrant virtue; it will never end through all ages.
147
高宗明皇帝神室奏《明德凱容之樂》歌辭：
At Emperor Ming's spirit chamber they played the "Mingde Kairong" hymn:
148
:多難固業，殷憂啓聖。 帝宗纘武，惟時執競。 起柳獻祥，百堵興詠。 義雖祀夏，功符受命。 遠無不懷，邇無不肅。 其儀濟濟，其容穆穆。 赫矣君臨，昭哉嗣服。 允王維后，膺此多福。 禮以昭事，樂以感靈。 八簋陳室，六舞充庭。 觀德在廟，象德在形。 四海來祭，萬國咸寧。
: Hardship after hardship built the throne; deep care awakened the sage. The royal house carried on martial worth; in his day he strove with all his might. The rising willow brought good omen; a hundred walls rose in song. Though he honored the Xia sages, his merit fit Heaven's mandate. Far and near, all came in loyalty; all kept reverence. His bearing was orderly; his mien was reverent. Glorious his rule as lord; bright the line he inherits. True king and true lord—he wins these ample blessings. Rite makes the service plain; music moves the spirits. Eight grain-vessels fill the hall; six rows of dance fill the yard. Virtue is seen in the temple; virtue is shown in outward form. The four seas come to offer sacrifice; every realm knows peace.
150
藉田
Field-Ploughing Rite
151
=藉田歌辭，漢章帝，玄武司馬班固奏用《周頌·載芟》祠先農。 晉傅玄作《祀先農先蠶夕牲歌詩》一篇八句，《迎送神》一篇，《饗社稷》、《先農》、《先聖》、《先蠶歌詩》三篇，前一篇十二句，中一篇十六句，後一篇十二句，辭皆敘田農事。 胡道安《先農饗神詩》一篇，竝八句。 樂府相傳舊歌三章。 藉田，詔驍騎將軍江淹造《藉田歌》。 淹制二章，不依胡、傅，世祖口勑付太樂歌之。
= Field-ploughing hymn texts: under Han Zhangdi, Marshal of the Black Tortoise Ban Gu submitted that the Zhou Ode "Weeding" be used to sacrifice to the Prior Farmer. In Jin, Fu Xuan wrote one eight-line "Evening Victim Hymn for Sacrifices to Prior Farmer and Prior Silkworm," one "Welcoming and Sending Spirits," and three hymn-poems—"Feasting the Altar of Soil and Grain," "Prior Farmer," and "Prior Sage and Prior Silkworm"—of twelve, sixteen, and twelve lines, all describing field and farming affairs. Hu Dao'an's "Prior Farmer Spirit-Feasting Poem," likewise eight lines. The Music Bureau handed down three old song chapters. For the field-ploughing rite, an edict ordered General of Resolute Cavalry Jiang Yan to compose "Field-Ploughing Song." Jiang Yan wrote two chapters, not following Hu or Fu; Emperor Shizu by spoken edict had the Grand Music Office set them to song.
152
祀先農迎送神升歌：
Sacrifice to the Prior Farmer—welcoming and sending spirits ascent hymn:
153
:羽鑾從動，金駕時遊。 教騰義鏡，樂綴禮修。 率先丹耦，躬遵綠疇。 靈之聖之，歲殷澤柔。
: Feathered regalia moves in train; the golden chariot roams at the season. Teaching soars, a mirror of right principle; music and rite are woven complete. He leads the red yoked pair; himself he treads the green furrows. O spirit, sacred spirit—the year grows rich, grace turns soft.
154
饗神歌辭：
Hymn text for feasting the spirits:
155
:瓊斝旣飾，繡簋以陳。 方燮嘉種，永毓宵民。
: Jade cups are arrayed in glory; broidered grain-vessels stand displayed. Fine seed is cooked in due rite; forever it feeds the people's toil.
157
元會
New Year's Grand Assembly
158
=元會大饗四廂樂歌辭，晉太僕傅玄撰。 正旦大會行禮歌詩四章，壽酒詩一章，食舉東西廂樂十三章，黃門郎張華作。 上壽食舉行禮詩十八章，中書監荀勗、侍郎成公綏，言數各異。 宋黃門郎王韶之造《肆夏》四章，行禮一章，上壽一章，登歌三章，食舉十章，《前後舞歌》一章。 齊微改革，多仍舊辭。 其《前後舞》二章新改。 其臨軒樂，亦奏《肆夏·於鑠》四章。
= New Year's Grand Assembly feast music for the four galleries, composed by Jin Grand Master of the Household Fu Xuan. For the New Year's Day grand assembly: four ceremonial hymn-poems, one longevity-wine poem, and thirteen food-raising gallery pieces east and west, by Yellow Gate Gentleman Zhang Hua. Eighteen hymn-poems for longevity presentation and food-raising were credited to Secretariat Director Xun Xu and Attendant-in-Ordinary Cheng Gong-sui, but with differing line counts. In Song, Yellow Gate Gentleman Wang Shao-zhi composed four "Si Xia" chapters, one ceremonial piece, one longevity presentation, three ascent hymns, ten food-raising pieces, and one "Front and Rear Dance Song." Qi made slight revisions, largely keeping the old wording. Its two "Front and Rear Dance" chapters were newly rewritten. For music at the facing-the-gallery audience, four chapters of "Si Xia: Imposing Splendor" were also played.
159
《肆夏樂》歌辭：
"Si Xia Music" hymn text:
160
:於鑠我皇，體仁苞元。 齊明日月，比景乾坤。 陶甄百王，稽則黃軒。 訐謨定命，辰告四蕃。
: Imposing is our emperor, his person benevolence and the primal origin bound together. Clear as sun and moon; his light matches Heaven and Earth. He molds the hundred kings; Yellow Thearch is his measure. Grand counsel fixes the mandate; at the hour he announces it to the four marches.
161
::右一曲，客入，四廂奏。
:: Right: one movement—guests enter; all four galleries play.
162
:將將蕃後，翼翼羣僚。 盛服待晨，明發來朝。 饗以八珍，樂以《九韶》。 仰祗天顏，厥猷孔昭。
: Stately come the frontier lords; close-ranked the host of officers. In full dress they wait for dawn; at first light they arrive at court. They feast on eight rare dishes; music is the "Nine Shao." They look up in awe to the imperial face; their counsel shines clear.
163
::右一曲，皇帝當陽，四廂奏。 皇帝入變服，四廂幷奏前二曲。
:: Right: one movement—the emperor faces south; all four galleries play. The emperor enters and changes his robes; all four galleries play the first two movements together.
164
:法章旣設，初筵長舒。 濟濟列辟，端委皇除。 飲和無盈，威儀有餘。 溫恭在位，敬終如初。
: The court statutes are set; the opening banquet spreads long. Princes rank in splendor; formal dress fills the imperial hall. They drink in harmony without excess; dignity and bearing have room to spare. Gentle and reverent in their seats; to the end they keep the first awe.
165
:九功旣歌，六代惟時。 被德在樂，宣道以詩。 穆矣大和，品物咸熙。 慶積自遠，告成在茲。
: The nine achievements are sung; the six ages are timely hailed. Grace is worn in music; the Way is preached in song. Solemn the great harmony; every kind of thing thrives as one. Blessings piled since long ago—today the work is declared done.
166
::右二曲，皇帝入變服，黃鐘太蔟二廂奏。
:: Right: two movements—the emperor enters to change his robes; the Yellow Bell and Greater Cluster galleries perform.
167
大會行禮歌辭：
Hymn text for the grand assembly rite:
168
:大哉皇齊，長發其祥：祚隆姬夏，道邁虞唐。 德之克明，休有烈光。 配天作極，辰居四方。
: Great is imperial Qi; good fortune flows from a distant line—its throne outshines the houses of Ji and Xia, its Way surpasses Yu and Tang. Virtue shines clear within it; grace and blazing glory attend. Paired with Heaven as cosmic pole, its power fills the four directions.
169
:皇矣我后，聖德通靈：有命自天，誕授休禎。 龍飛紫極，造我齊京； 光宅宇宙，赫赫明明。
: August is our lord and queen—sacred virtue touches the unseen; Heaven sends the mandate and bestows this blessed sign. The dragon rises at purple pole-star height and builds our Qi capital; Its radiance houses all under heaven—splendid, bright, and clear.
170
::右二曲，姑洗廂奏。
:: Right: two movements—the Gu Xian gallery performs.
171
上壽歌辭：
Hymn for presenting the cup of longevity:
172
:獻壽爵，慶聖皇。 靈祚窮二儀，休明等三光。
: We raise the cup of long life and hail the sacred sovereign. Sacred fortune spans earth and sky; its splendor rivals sun, moon, and stars.
173
::右一曲，黃鐘廂奏。
:: Right: one movement—the Yellow Bell gallery performs.
174
殿前登歌辭：
Ascent hymn before the hall:
175
:明明齊國，緝熙皇道。 則天垂化，光定天保。 天保旣定，肆覲萬方。 禮繁樂富，穆穆皇皇。
: Bright is the realm of Qi; the imperial Way is gathered in radiance. It takes Heaven as model and sends transformation abroad; its radiance secures the Heavenly Mandate. When the Mandate is fixed, the myriad regions come to audience. Rites abound, music overflows—solemn, august, and grand.
176
:沔彼流水，朝宗天池。 洋洋貢職，抑抑威儀。 旣習威儀，亦閑禮容。 一人有則，作孚萬邦。
: Wide flows the stream, turning toward the great heavenly pool. Tribute flows in abundance; dignity and bearing are composed. Once ritual bearing is learned, ceremonial grace comes naturally. The One Man holds the measure; all realms trust in him.
177
:烝哉我皇，寔靈誕聖。 履端惟始，對越休慶。 如天斯崇，如日斯盛。 介茲景福，永固洪命。
: Abundant is our sovereign—truly spirit-sent, truly sage-born. He stands at the year's first threshold and offers Heaven this blessed rejoicing. High as heaven itself, bright as the rising sun. May this bright fortune endure and the great mandate stand firm forever.
178
::右三曲，別用金石，太樂令跪奏。
:: Right: three movements—metal and stone played apart; the Director of Grand Music kneels to announce them.
179
食舉歌辭：
Hymn for raising the feast:
180
:晨儀載煥，萬物咸睹。 嘉慶三朝，禮樂備舉。 元正肇始，典章徽明。 萬方來賀，華夷充庭。 多士盈九德，俯仰觀玉聲。 恂恂俯仰，載爛其暉。 鍾鼓震天區，禮容塞皇闈。 思樂窮休慶，福履同所歸。
: Morning ceremony blazes bright; every creature looks on. Blessing fills three reigns; rite and music stand complete. At the year's first dawn, laws and emblems shine clear. The myriad regions come to congratulate; Chinese and foreign envoys fill the court. Scholars of every virtue fill the hall; bowing and rising they heed the jade chime's tone. Reverent in every bow and rise, they wear a shining grace. Bells and drums shake the heavens; ritual bearing fills the palace gate. Joy and music exhaust all blessing; fortune and blessing share one returning path.
181
:五玉旣獻，三帛是薦。 爾公爾侯，鳴玉華殿。 皇皇聖后，降禮南面。 元首納嘉禮，萬邦同欽願。 休哉休哉，君臣熙宴。 建五旗，列四縣。 樂有文，禮無勌。 融皇風，窮一變。
: The five jades have been offered; the three silks are set forth. Dukes and marquises alike—jade pendants ring in the splendid hall. August is the sacred sovereign; he receives rites facing south. The head of state receives fine tribute; every realm shares one reverent wish. Blessing upon blessing—lord and ministers feast in harmony. Five banners rise; four bell-sets stand in ranks. Music holds pattern; rite never grows weary. The imperial wind melts every heart; one transformation runs its course.
182
:禮至和，感陰陽。 德無不柔，繫休祥。 瑞徵辟，應嘉鍾。 儛雲鳳，躍潛龍。 景星見，甘露墜。 木連理，禾同穗。 玄化洽，仁澤敷。 極禎瑞，窮靈符。
: Rite reaches perfect harmony and stirs yin and yang. All virtue turns gentle; blessed signs gather round. Omens open the way; the auspicious bell sounds in answer. Cloud-phoenixes dance; dragons hidden in the deep leap up. The Bright Star appears; sweet dew falls. Trees grow with joined trunks; grain shares one ear. The dark transformation spreads in harmony; benevolent grace is poured abroad. Peak auspicious signs appear; spirit tokens reach their end.
183
:懷荒遠，綏齊民。 荷天祐，靡不賓。 靡不賓，長世盛。 昭明有融，繁嘉慶。 繁嘉慶，熙帝載。 含氣感和，蒼生欣戴。 三靈協瑞，惟新皇代。
: He embraces the far wastes; he calms the people as one. Heaven's blessing rests on him; none fail to come as guests. All come as guests; long ages know splendor. Bright clarity blends as one; rich blessings multiply. Blessings heap on blessings; the imperial reign grows bright. Breath and feeling answer one another; the people gladly uphold him. The three powers join in auspicious signs; the new imperial age alone.
184
:王道四達，流仁德。 窮理詠乾元，垂訓從帝則。 靈化侔四時，幽誠通玄默。 德澤被八紘，禮章軌萬國。
: The kingly Way reaches four ways; benevolence spreads abroad. He probes principle and sings the primal origin; he hands down teaching after the emperor's rule. Spirit-change matches the four seasons; hidden sincerity pierces the dark silence. Virtue's grace covers the eight reaches; ritual law guides every state.
185
:皇猷緝，咸熙泰。 禮儀煥帝庭，要荒服遐外。 被髪襲纓冕，左衽回衿帶。 天覆地載，澤流汪濊。 聲教布濩，德光大。
: Royal counsel is gathered whole; all flourish in peace. Court rites blaze bright; the farthest wastes bow from afar. Wild-haired peoples don caps and coronets; left-lapel folk turn back their girdles. Heaven covers and earth bears; beneficent streams pour in breadth. His transforming voice spreads wide; virtue's light grows great.
186
:開元辰，畢來王。 奉貢職，朝后皇。 鳴珩佩，觀典章。 樂王慶，悅徽芳。 陶盛化，游大康。 惟昌明，永克昌。
: The primal age opens; all come to court as kings. They bear tribute and attend the empress and emperor at court. Jade pendants chime; they study statute and rite. They rejoice in the royal feast; they savor noble grace. Shaped by great transforming influence, they roam in abundant peace. Only radiance shines; forever may it flourish.
187
:惟建元，德丕顯。 齊七政，敷五典。 彝倫序，洪化闡。
: In the founding primal reign, virtue shines supreme. He aligns the seven regulators; he spreads the five canons. Eternal norms are set in order; the great transformation spreads.
188
:王澤流，太平始。 樹靈祗，恭明祀。 介景祚，膺嘉祉。 禮有容，樂有儀。 金石陳，干羽施。 邁《武》《濩》，均《咸池》。 歌《南風》，德永稱。 文明煥，頌聲興。
: Royal grace flows abroad; Great Peace begins. Spirit shrines are raised; bright sacrifices are reverently done. He nears glorious fortune; he receives blessed grace. Rite has its bearing; music has its forms. Bells and stones are arrayed; shield-dances are performed. Surpassing "Wu" and "Huo," matching "Xian Pool." They sing "Southern Breeze"; his virtue is praised forever. Culture's glory blazes; songs of praise arise.
189
:王道純，德彌淑。 寧八表，康九服。 導禮讓，移風俗。 移風俗，永克融。 歌盛美，告成功。 詠休烈，邈無窮。
: The kingly Way stands pure; virtue grows ever more gentle. He calms the eight reaches; the nine domains know peace. He guides courtesy and yielding; he shifts customs. Customs shift; forever they blend as one. They sing abundant glory; they proclaim success complete. They chant glorious deeds—far, without end.
190
::右黃鐘先奏《晨儀》篇，太蔟奏《五玉》篇，餘八篇二廂更奏之。
:: Right: Yellow Bell gallery first plays "Morning Rite"; Great Clarity plays "Five Jades"; the other eight pieces alternate between the two wings.
191
《前舞》階步歌辭：新辭
"Front Dance" stair-song lyrics: new text
192
:天挺聖哲，三方維綱。 川岳伊寧，七耀重光。 茂育萬物，衆庶咸康。 道用潛通，仁施遐揚。 德厚巛極，功高昊蒼。 舞象盛容，德以歌章。 八音旣節，龍躍鳳翔。 皇基永樹，二儀等長。
: Heaven raises the sage and wise; the three realms hold the net of order. Rivers and mountains rest in peace; the seven lights shine anew. He richly nourishes all things; the people all know peace. The Way works hidden yet through; benevolence spreads to distant lands. Virtue stands thick as Kun Peak; merit towers high as bright Heaven. Elephant-dance fills the pageant; virtue is hymned in song. All eight tones are tuned; dragon and phoenix seem to soar in flight. The throne is rooted for ages; Heaven and Earth share one span.
193
《前舞凱容》歌詩：舊辭
"Front Dance Triumphant Appearance" hymn: old wording
194
:於赫景命，天鑒是臨。 樂來伊陽，禮作惟陰。 歌自德富，舞由功深。 庭列宮縣，陛羅瑟琴。 翿籥繁會，笙磬諧音。 《簫韶》雖古，九奏在今。 導志和聲，德音孔宣。 光我帝基，協靈配乾。 儀形六合，化穆自宣。 如彼雲漢，爲章于天。 熙熙萬類，陶和當年。 擊轅中韶，永世弗騫。
: Splendid the radiant mandate; Heaven looks down in judgment. Music rises from the yang quarter; ritual is shaped in the yin. Song wells from full virtue; dance flows from deeds deep-rooted. Court bells hang in the yard; lutes and zithers deck the stair. Panpipes and flutes crowd the hall; reed pipes and stone tones chime as one. Though "Flute Shao" is antique, its nine playings sound here now. Will is led and voices joined; virtue's music rings far and clear. It lights our throne's foundation; gods and Heaven are matched as one. It shapes the six reaches; quiet transformation spreads of itself. Like the Milky Way, it writes its pattern on the sky. All creation teems in joy; this year is shaped in harmony. Wheel-hub beats mark the Shao; age on age it never slips away.
195
《後舞》階步歌辭：新辭
"Rear Dance" step hymn: new wording
196
:皇皇我后，紹業盛明。 滌拂除穢，宇宙載清。 允執中和，以莅蒼生。 玄化遠被，兆世軌形。 何以崇德，乃作九成。 妍步恂恂，雅曲芬馨。 八風清鼓，應以祥禎。 澤浩天下，功齊百靈。
: Majestic is our lord; the line he inherits burns bright and clear. He cleanses and sweeps away stain; the whole universe turns pure. He holds true mean and harmony; he rules the living folk. His subtle teaching spreads abroad; ten thousand years take his mold. How to honor merit?—the "Nine Completions" were wrought. Fair steps move slow and grave; noble airs breathe sweet scent. Eight winds clear the drums; good omens answer the call. His bounty floods the realm; his worth matches the hundred gods.
197
《後舞凱容》歌辭：舊辭
"Rear Dance Triumphant Appearance" hymn: old wording
198
:假樂聖後，寔天誕德。 積美自中，王猷四塞。 龍飛在天，儀形萬國。 欽明惟神，臨朝淵默。 不言之化，品物咸得。 告成於天，銘勳是勒。 翼翼厥猷，亹亹其仁。 從命創制，因定和神。 海外有截，九國無塵。 冕旒司契，垂拱臨民。 乃舞《凱容》，欽若天人。 純嘏孔休，萬載彌新。
: Bless the holy lord—Heaven itself gave birth to his power. Grace piled up from the heart; royal counsel fills every border. The dragon soars in the sky; his pattern shapes ten thousand realms. Reverent, luminous, and godlike—on the throne, deep and still. Teaching without words; all creatures find their due. He tells Heaven the work is done; his feats are cut in stone. His counsel stands firm and sure; his kindness never wearies. By Heaven's charge he makes the laws; thus spirits are set at peace. Peace reaches past the seas; the nine realms are free of strife. Tassels mark his seal of rule; hands at rest, he governs the folk. They dance "Triumphant Appearance," in awe as of Heaven and man. Blessing pure and grand; age on age it shines anew.
199
《宣烈舞》執干戚。 郊廟奏，平冕，黑介幘，玄衣裳，白領袖、絳領袖中衣，絳合幅袴，絳襪。 朝廷，則武冠，赤幘，生絳袍單衣，絹領袖，皂領袖中衣，虎文畫合幅袴，白布彩，皆黑韋緹。 周《大武舞》，秦改爲《五行》。 漢高造《武德舞》，執干戚，象天下樂己除亂。 按《禮》云「朱干玉戚，冕而舞《大武》」，是則漢放此舞而立也。 魏文帝改《五行》還爲《大武》，而《武德》曰《武頌舞》。 明帝改造《武始舞》。 晉世仍舊。 傅玄六代舞歌有《武》辭，此《武舞》非一也。 宋孝建初，朝議以《凱容舞》爲《韶舞》，《宣烈舞》爲《武舞》。 據《韶》爲言，《宣烈》卽是古之《大武》，非《武德》也。 今世諺呼爲武王伐紂。 其冠服，魏明帝世尚書所奏定《武始舞》服，晉、宋承用，齊初仍舊，不改宋舞名。 其舞人冠服，見魏尚書奏，後代相承用之。
The "Proclaiming Martial Glory" dance is danced with shield and axe. At suburban altar and temple: plain coronet, black side-cap, dark robe, inner garment with white and crimson collar and sleeves, crimson joined trousers and socks. In court: martial cap and red kerchief, unlined crimson robe, silk-trimmed collar and sleeves over a black-collared inner robe, tiger-striped joined trousers and white cloth sash, all with black leather gaiters. The Zhou "Great Martial" dance was renamed "Five Phases" under Qin. Gaozu of Han devised the "Martial Virtue" dance with shield and axe, showing the realm glad he had quelled rebellion. The Rites reads: "Vermilion shields, jade battle-axes, coroneted to dance 'Great Martial'"—so Han founded its dance on that model. Cao Pi of Wei restored "Five Phases" to "Great Martial"; "Martial Virtue" became the "Martial Hymn" dance. Emperor Ming of Wei refashioned it as the "Martial Beginning" dance. Jin kept the earlier arrangement. Fu Xuan's six-ages dance lyrics include a "Martial" piece—these martial dances are not all one dance. At the start of Song Xiaojian, the court ruled that "Triumphant Appearance" would stand for "Shao" and "Proclaiming Martial Glory" for the martial dance. By the logic of "Shao," "Proclaiming Martial Glory" is the old "Great Martial," not the "Martial Virtue" dance. Today people colloquially call it "King Wu smites Zhou." Its caps and robes: under Wei Emperor Ming the Secretariat fixed the "Martial Beginning Dance" costume; Jin and Song kept it; at Qi's founding the old use stood, and the Song dance names were left unchanged. The dancers' dress is set out in the Wei Secretariat memorial; later ages handed it down unchanged.
200
《凱容舞》，執羽籥。 郊廟，冠委貌，服如前。 朝廷，進賢冠，黑介幘，生黃袍單衣，白合幅袴，餘如前。 本舜《韶舞》，漢高改曰《文始》，魏復曰《大韶》。 又造《咸熙》爲《文舞》。 晉傅玄六代舞有《虞韶舞》辭。 宋以《凱容》繼《韶》爲《文舞》。 相承用魏咸熙冠服。
"Triumphant Appearance Dance"—with feathers and flutes in hand. At suburban altars and temples: weimao cap; the rest of the dress as before. At court: scholar-advancement crown, black jieze, unbleached yellow robe jacket, white joined-panel trousers—the rest as before. It began as Shun's "Shao Dance"; Han Gaozu renamed it "Civil Beginning"; Wei brought back "Great Shao." Wei also fashioned "All-Prospering" as the civil dance. Jin Fu Xuan's six-dynasty dance set has lyrics for the "Yu Shao Dance." Song made "Triumphant Appearance" follow "Shao" as the civil dance. In succession they wore the Wei All-Prospering costume.
201
《前舞》、《後舞》，晉造。 《正德大豫舞》，傅玄、張華各爲歌辭。 宋元嘉中，改《正德》爲《前舞》，《大豫》爲《後舞》。
"Front Dance" and "Rear Dance"—creations of Jin. "Correct Virtue" and "Great Abundance Dance"—Fu Xuan and Zhang Hua each supplied song words. In Song's Yuanjia reign, "Correct Virtue" became "Front Dance" and "Great Abundance" became "Rear Dance."
202
::右朝會樂辭
:: Right: court assembly music lyrics.
204
舞曲
Dance pieces
205
=舞曲，皆古辭雅音，稱述功德，宴享所奏。 傅玄歌辭云：「獲罪於天，北徙朔方，墳墓誰掃，超若流光。」 如此十餘小曲，名爲舞曲，疑非宴樂之辭。 然舞曲總名起此矣。
= Dance pieces: ancient lyrics in elegant tones, praising merit and virtue, played at feasts and banquets. Fu Xuan's lyric runs: 「I have sinned against Heaven and am banished north to the frontier; who will tend my graves—gone swift as streaming light. 」 More than ten such short pieces were called dance pieces—likely not words for banquet music. Yet the general name "dance pieces" took its start here.
206
《明君》辭：
"Illustrious Lord" lyrics:
207
:明君創洪業，盛德在建元。 受命君四海，聖皇應靈乾。 五帝繼三皇，三皇世所歸。 聖德應期運，天地不能違。 仰之彌已高，猶天不可階。 將復結繩化，靜拱天下齊。
: The illustrious lord raised a great enterprise; his ample virtue was fixed at the founding age. He took the mandate and rules the four seas; the sage emperor answers Heaven's sign. Five Emperors followed Three August Ones; on the Three August Ones the age converged. Sage virtue meets the turning of the age; Heaven and Earth cannot stand against it. The higher one looks, the loftier it stands—like Heaven, with no stair to climb. He will restore the age of knotted cords; hands folded in stillness, all under Heaven made one.
208
::右一曲，漢章帝造。 《鼙舞歌》云「關東有賢女」。 魏明帝代漢曲云，「明明魏皇帝」。 傅玄代魏曲作晉《洪業篇》云：「宣文創洪業，盛德存泰始。 聖皇應靈符，受命君四海。」 今前四句錯綜其辭，從「五帝」至「不可階」六句全玄辭，後二句本云「將復御龍氏，鳳皇在庭栖」，又改易焉。
:: Right: one movement—composed by Han Emperor Zhang. The "Fife Dance Song" has 「East of the pass lives a worthy woman.」 Wei Emperor Ming replaced the Han lyric with 「Bright, bright Emperor of Wei.」 Fu Xuan, replacing the Wei lyric, wrote Jin's "Great Enterprise" piece: 「Xuanwen raised the great enterprise; ample virtue holds from Taishi's founding. The sage emperor answers the numinous sign; taking the mandate he rules the four seas. 」 Today the first four lines mix their phrasing; from 「Five Emperors」 through 「no stair to climb」 all six lines are Fu Xuan's; the last two once read 「shall again ride the Dragon Lord's carriage, phoenixes roosting in the court,」 and were changed once more.
209
《聖主曲》辭：
"Sagely Lord" lyrics:
210
:聖主受天命，應期則虞﹑唐。 升旒綜萬機，端扆馭八方。 盈虛自然數，揖讓歸聖明。 北化陵河塞，南威越滄溟。 廣德齊七政，敷教騰三辰。 萬㝢必承慶，百福咸來臻。 聖皇應福始，昌德洞祐先。
: The sagely lord takes Heaven's mandate; in his season he is Yu and Tang. He mounts the tasseled cap and gathers every thread of rule; seated at the screen he steers the eight directions. Plenty and want obey nature's count; by yielding, all returns to sage light. North his teaching reaches the Ling and the frontier passes; south his might crosses the blue sea. Broad virtue matches the seven regulators; his teaching soars with sun, moon, and stars. Every quarter must share his blessing; a hundred fortunes gather at his throne. The sage emperor answers where fortune begins; thriving virtue opens blessing beforehand.
211
《明君》辭：
"Illustrious Lord" lyrics:
212
:明君御四海，總鑒盡人靈。 仰成恩已洽，竭忠身必榮。 聖澤洞三靈，德教被八鄉。 草木變柯葉，川岳洞嘉祥。 愉樂盛明運，舞蹈升太時。 微霜永昌命，軌心長歡怡。
: The illustrious lord holds the four seas; his full mirror takes in every soul. Look up—his grace already runs full; pour out loyalty and honor is sure. Sacred favor pierces the three spirits; his teaching clothes the eight directions. Grass and trees shift branch and leaf; rivers and hills shine with good omens. Delight in the bright flourishing age; dance lifts to the grandest hour. Light frost, mandate ever full; loyal heart, lasting joy and peace.
213
《鐸舞》歌辭：
"Bell-clapper Dance" song lyrics:
214
:黃《雲門》，唐《咸池》，虞《韶舞》，夏《夏》殷《濩》，列代有五。 振鐸鳴金，延《大武》。 清歌發唱，形爲主。 聲和八音，協律呂。 身不虛動，手不徒舉。 應節合度，周期序。 時奏宮角，雜之以徵羽。 樂以移風，禮相輔，安有出其所。
: Yellow Thearch's "Cloud Gate," Tang's "Salty Pool," Yu's "Shao," Xia's "Xia," Shang's "Hu"—five dynasties in a row. Bell and bronze ring out; "Great Martial" carries on. Clear song lifts its voice; the body's form is lord. Voices blend with the eight timbres; pitch-pipes and standards fall in tune. No idle motion of the body; no empty lift of the hands. Each beat meets its measure; the dance wheels through its ordered rounds. Now gong and jue are sounded, now zhi and yu are woven in. Music shifts custom; rite shores it up—how could either step outside its role?
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::右一曲，傅玄辭，以代魏《太和時》。 「徵羽」下除「下厭衆目，上從鐘鼓」二句。
:: Right: one movement—lyrics by Fu Xuan, in place of the Wei piece "Tahe Times." Under the "zhi and yu" passage two lines were cut: "below to glut every eye; above to trail bell and drum."
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《白鳩》辭：
"White Dove" hymn text:
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:翩翩白鳩，再飛再鳴。 懷我君德，來集君庭。
: Light white dove, soaring once more, calling once more. Mindful of our lord's grace, it alights in the lord's hall.
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::右一曲，《舞敘》云：「《白符》或云《白符鳩舞》，出江南，吳人所造。 其辭意言患孫皓虐政，慕政化也。 其詩本云『平平白符，思我君惠，集我金堂』。 言白者金行，符，合也，鳩亦合也。 符鳩雖異，其義是同。」
:: Right: one movement—"Dance Narrative" says: "White Talisman," or "White Talisman Dove Dance," arose in Jiangnan and was made by men of Wu. The lyric means to grieve Sun Hao's harsh rule and long for true reform. The poem originally ran, "Steady, steady white talisman; I recall my lord's bounty and gather in the golden hall." "White" stands for the Metal phase; fu means union, and the dove too means union. Talisman and dove differ in name, but the sense is one."
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《濟濟》辭：
"Ji Ji" hymn text:
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:暢飛暢舞，氣流芳。 追念三五，大綺黃。
: Free in flight, free in dance; breath streams sweet and bright. They recall the Three Sovereigns and Five Thearchs, the great glory of Yellow.
221
::右一曲，晉《濟濟舞歌》，六解，此是最後一解。
:: Right: one movement—Jin "Ji Ji Dance Song," six stanzas; this is the final stanza.
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《獨祿》辭：
"Solitary Deer" hymn text:
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:獨祿獨祿，水深泥濁。 泥濁尚可，水深殺我！
: Solitary deer, solitary deer—deep the water, foul the mud. Foul mud one might bear; deep water will drown me!
224
::右一曲晉《獨鹿舞歌》，六解，此是前一解。 古辭《明君曲》後云：「勇安樂，無慈不問清與濁。 清與無時濁，邪交與獨祿。」 《伎祿》云：「求祿求祿，清白不濁。 清白尚可，貪汙殺我！」 晉歌爲鹿字，古通用也。 疑是風刺之辭。
:: Right: one movement—Jin "Solitary Deer Dance Song," six stanzas; this is the stanza just before the first. The old "Bright Lord Song" later runs: "Bold mirth—no mercy; never ask whether clear or foul. When the clear has no season for the foul, vice pairs with "solitary deer." Jhi Lu" says: "Seeking rank, seeking rank—clean white, not foul. Clean white may yet do; greedy filth will destroy me!" In the Jin song the word is written as deer; in antiquity the forms were used alike. This is thought to be a piece of social satire.
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《碣石》辭：
"Jieshi" hymn text:
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:東臨礙石，以觀滄海。 水河淡淡，山嶋竦峙。 樹木叢生，百草豐茂。 秋風蕭瑟，洪波湧起。 日月之行，若出其中。 星漢粲爛，若出其裏。 幸甚至哉！ 歌以言志。
: East I stand at Jieshi to gaze on the blue sea. How vast the waters; how pale the rivers—isles rise steep from the sea. Trees crowd the slopes; every grass grows thick and green. Autumn wind sighs cold; great swells boil up. Sun and moon seem to run from inside its breast. The Milky Way burns clear, as if poured from its inmost hold. Great fortune indeed! I sing to declare my mind.
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::右一曲，魏武帝辭，晉以爲《碣石舞歌》。 詩四章，此是中一章。
:: Right: one movement—lyrics by Emperor Wu of Wei; Jin used them as "Jieshi Dance Song." The poem has four stanzas; this is the middle one.
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《淮南王》辭：
"Prince of Huainan" hymn text:
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淮南王，自言尊，百尺高樓與天連。 我欲渡河河無梁，願作雙黃鵠還故鄉。
Prince of Huainan proclaims his glory; a hundred-foot tower reaches the sky. I would cross the river—no bridge spans it; let me be twin golden swans bound for home.
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::右一曲，晉《淮南王舞歌》。 六解，前是第一，後是第五。
:: Right: one movement—Jin "Prince of Huainan Dance Song." Six stanzas—the opening lines are the first stanza, the closing lines the fifth.
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《齊世昌》辭：
"Qi Age Flourishing" hymn text:
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:齊世昌，四海安樂齊太平。 人命長，當結久。 千秋萬歲皆老壽。
: Qi's age blooms; the four seas rest easy, all Qi knows great peace. Long is human life—let bonds endure. A thousand autumns, ten thousand years—may all grow old in long life.
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::右一曲，晉《杯槃歌》。 十解，第三解云：「舞杯槃，何翩翩，舉坐翻覆壽萬年。」 干寶云：「太康中有此舞。 杯槃翻覆，至危之像。 言晉世之士，苟貪飲食，智不及遠。」 其第一解首句云「晉世寧」，宋改爲「宋世寧」。 惡其杯槃翻覆，辭不復取。 齊改爲「齊世昌」，餘辭同後一。
:: Right: one movement—the Jin "Cup and Tray Song." It has ten stanzas; the third runs: "Dancing cup and tray—how lightly they sway! The whole company upsets them—long life ten thousand years." Gan Bao writes: "In the Taikang era this dance appeared. Cups and trays overturned—a sign of utmost danger. It means Jin scholars were greedy for food and drink, their vision not reaching beyond the moment." The first stanza once opened "Jin age at peace"; Song rewrote it as "Song age at peace." Disliking the overturned cups and trays, they dropped the old wording. Qi substituted "Qi age flourishing"; the remaining lines match the later version.
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《公莫》辭：
"Gong Mo" dance lyrics:
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:吾不見公莫時吾何嬰公來嬰姥時吾思君去時吾何零子以耶思君去時思來嬰吾去時母那何去吾
: (Archaic refrains on "Gong Mo," "infant," "when you left," and "whither go"—largely beyond clear sense.)
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::右一曲，晉《公莫舞歌》，二十章，無定句。 前是第一解，後是第十九、二十解。 雜有三句，竝不可曉解。 建武初，明帝奏樂至此曲，言是似《永明樂》，流涕憶世祖云。
:: Right: one movement—the Jin "Gong Mo Dance Song," twenty sections with no fixed line length. The opening is the first stanza; the close is the nineteenth and twentieth. Three stray lines are mixed in, none of them intelligible. Early in Jianwu, Emperor Ming had this movement performed; he said it resembled "Yongming Music" and wept in memory of Emperor Shizu.
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《白紵》辭：
"White Zhu" lyrics:
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:陽春白日風花香，趨步明月舞瑤裳。 情發金石媚笙簧，羅袿徐轉紅袖揚。 清歌流響繞鳳梁，如驚若思凝且翔。 轉眄流精豔輝光，將流將引雙雁行。 歡來何晚意何長，明君馭世永歌昌。
: Spring sun and white day, wind and flowers fragrant; in the bright moonlight she steps and dances robes of jade. Passion rings like metal and stone, pipes and reeds all charm; gauze skirts turn slowly, red sleeves lift and sway. Clear song streams around the phoenix beam; startled yet thoughtful, she holds still and then flies. Her sidelong glance pours light; she will drift, will draw two wild geese in flight. Why does delight come so late, yet longing last so long? The bright lord governs the world—may song and glory endure.
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::右五曲，尚書令王儉造。 《白紵歌》，周處《風土記》云：「吳黃龍中童謠云『行白者君追汝句驪馬』。 後孫權征公孫淵，浮海乘舶，舶，白也。 今歌和聲猶云『行白紵』焉。」
:: Right: five movements, composed by Secretariat Director Wang Jian. On the "White Zhu Song," Zhou Chu's Record of Local Custom notes: "In Wu's Huanglong era a children's rhyme said, 'Walk in white—my lord will chase you, Goguryeo horse. Later Sun Quan attacked Gongsun Yuan, crossing the sea in ships—and "ship" (bo) homophones with "white" (bai). Even now the choral refrain still sings "walk in white zhu."
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《俳歌》辭：
"Pai Song" (puppeteer) lyrics:
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俳不言不語，呼俳噏所。 俳適一起，狼率不止。 生拔牛角，摩斷膚耳。 馬無懸蹄，牛無上齒。 駱駼無角，奮迅兩耳。
The pai performer neither speaks nor talks—only calls the puppet to suck where it may. Once the pai leaps up, the whole troupe rushes on without pause. He tears out an ox horn alive, rubbing until the hide of the ear is worn away. Horses show no lifted hooves; oxen show no upper teeth. The camel has no horns—it flings both ears in sudden speed.
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::右侏儒導舞人自歌之。 古辭俳歌八曲，此是前一篇。 二十二句，今侏儒所歌，擿取之也。
:: Right: dwarf acrobats who lead the dance sing this themselves. Old pai-song lyrics run to eight pieces; this is the first of them. Twenty-two lines in all; what dwarf performers sing today is taken from this selection.
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角抵等
Horn-butting and related acts
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=角抵、像形、雜伎，歷代相承有也。 其增損源起，事不可詳，大略漢世張衡《西京賦》是其始也。 魏世則事見陳思王樂府《宴樂篇》，晉世則見傅玄《元正篇》、《朝會賦》。 江左咸康中，罷紫鹿、跂行、鱉食、笮鼠、齊王卷衣、絕倒、五案等伎，中朝所無，見《起居注》，竝莫知所由也。 太元中，苻堅敗後，得關中簷橦胡伎，進太樂，今或有存亡，案此則可知矣。
= Wrestling (jiaodi), animal mimicry, and variety acts have been passed down in every era. When and how they arose cannot be fully traced; in broad outline they begin with Zhang Heng's Western Capital Rhapsody in Han. In Wei they appear in Prince Si of Chen's Music Bureau "Feast Music"; in Jin in Fu Xuan's "First Month" and Court Assembly Rhapsody. Under the Eastern Jin in Xiankang they dropped acts named Purple Deer, Creeping Walk, Turtle Feeding, Bamboo Rat, Prince of Qi Rolling Robes, Toppling Over, and Five Tables—acts the central court never had, noted in the Daily Records, with origins now unknown. In Taiyuan, after Fu Jian's defeat, they acquired Guanzhong "eaves-pole" Hu acrobats and sent them to the Grand Music Office; some may still exist or be lost—this shows how the tradition continued.
246
，赤城山雲霧開朗，見石橋瀑布，從來所罕睹也。 山道士朱僧標以聞，上遣主書董仲民案視，以爲神瑞。 太樂令鄭義泰案孫興公賦造天台山伎，作莓苔、石橋、道士捫翠屏之狀，尋又省焉。
In the sixth year of Yongming, on Mount Chicheng the clouds cleared; stone bridges and waterfalls came into view, a sight seldom seen before. Mountain Daoist Zhu Senbiao reported it; the court sent Secretariat Attendant Dong Zhongmin to investigate and ruled it a divine omen. Grand Music Master Zheng Yitai, on the model of Sun Chuo's rhapsody, created a Tiantai Mountain act showing moss, stone bridge, and a Daoist feeling the green screen—then it too was dropped.
247
:皇齊啓運從瑤璣。 靈鳳銜書集紫微。 和樂旣洽神所依。 超商卷夏耀英輝。 永世壽昌聲華飛。
: Great Qi opens its mandate from jade regalia. The sacred phoenix carries edicts, assembling at Purple Tenuity. Harmony and music are joined; the spirits lean upon it. It outshines Shang and rolls up Xia—radiant glory blazes forth. Forever the age flourishes; renown and splendor soar.
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::右《鳳皇銜書伎歌辭》，蓋魚龍之流也。 元會日，侍中於殿前跪取其書。 宋世辭云「大宋興隆膺靈符。 鳳鳥感和銜素書。 嘉樂之美通玄虛。 惟新濟濟邁唐虞。 巍巍蕩蕩道有餘」。 齊初詔中書郎江淹改。
:: Right: lyrics for the "Phoenix Bearing Writs" variety act—in the same line as fish-and-dragon shows. On the day of the New Year's Grand Assembly, the Palace Attendant knelt in the forecourt to take up the writ. The Song-era text runs: "Great Song rises in glory, bearing the numinous seal. Moved by grace, phoenix birds carry the white scroll. Fair festival music pierces the hidden sky. All things made new, thronging on—past Tang and Yu. Vast, undulant—the Way still overflows." Early in Qi, an edict had Secretariat Gentleman Jiang Yan rewrite the words.
249
《永平樂歌》者，竟陵王子良與諸文士造奏之。 人爲十曲。 道人釋寶月辭頗美，上常被之管弦，而不列於樂官也。
The 《Yongping Music Hymns》 were written and presented by Prince of Jingling Ziliang and his circle of scholars. Ten songs were set to music. The Daoist monk Shì Baoyue wrote fine lyrics; the court often scored them for strings and winds, but they were never listed among the Music Office repertory.
250
【贊】
Appraisal
251
贊曰：綜采六代，和平八風。 殷薦宴享，舞德歌功。=
In praise: drawing on six ages, tuning the eight quarter-winds to peace. Grand sacrificial feasts and banquets—dance for virtue, sing for merit.
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案
Note