1
竟陵文宣王子良
Xiao Ziliang, Prince of Jingling, posthumously styled the Cultured and Propagating
2
竟陵文宣王子良字雲英，世祖第二子也。 初，沈攸之難，隨世祖在盆城，板寧朔將軍。 仍爲宋邵陵王左軍行參軍，轉主簿，安南記室參軍，邵陵王友，王名友，不廢此官。 遷安南長史。
Xiao Ziliang, Prince of Jingling styled the Cultured and Propagating, with the courtesy name Yunying, was the second son of Emperor Wu of Qi. Early on, during the uprising of Shen Youzhi, he accompanied the future Emperor Wu at Pencheng and was appointed General Who Pacifies the North. He then served as acting mobile aide on the left army staff of Liu You, Prince of Shaoling of Song, became chief clerk, then secretariat aide of the Pacification Army and companion to the prince; although the prince's personal name was You, the title Companion to the Prince of Shaoling was retained. He was promoted to senior administrator on the Pacification Army staff.
3
，爲使持節、都督會稽東陽臨海永嘉新安五郡、輔國將軍、會稽太守。 宋世元嘉中，皆責成郡縣； 孝武徵求急速，以郡縣遲緩，始遣臺使，自此公役勞擾。 太祖踐阼，子良陳之曰：
He was appointed bearer of the staff with full discretionary powers, area commander of Kuaiji, Dongyang, Linhai, Yongjia, and Xin'an, General Who Supports the State, and administrator of Kuaiji. Under the Song, in the Yuanjia period, the court held commanderies and counties directly responsible for collections; Emperor Xiaowu pressed collections with such haste that, when local governments lagged, the court began sending its own envoys; from then on public labor and levies became ceaselessly oppressive. When Emperor Gao took the throne, Ziliang memorialized the throne as follows:
4
:前臺使督逋切調，恒聞相望於道。 及臣至郡，亦殊不疏。 凡此輩使人，旣非詳慎懃順，或貪險崎嶇，要求此役。 朝辭禁門，情態卽異； 暮宿村縣，威福便行。 但令朱鼓裁完，鈹槊微具，顧眄左右，叱吒自專。 擿宗斷族，排輕斥重，脅遏津埭，恐喝傳郵。 破崗水逆，商旅半引，逼令到下，先過己船。 浙江風猛，公私畏渡，脫舫在前，驅令俱發。 呵蹙行民，固其常理。 侮折守宰，出變無窮。 旣瞻郭望境，便飛下嚴符，但稱行臺，未顯所督。 先訶彊寺，却攝羣曹，開亭正，便振荊革。 其次絳標寸紙，一日數至； 徵村切里，俄刻十催。 四鄉所召，莫辨枉直，孩老士庶，具令付獄。 或尺布之逋，曲以當匹； 百錢餘稅，且增爲千。 或誑應質作尚方，寄繫東冶，萬姓駭迫，人不自固。 遂漂衣敗力，競致兼漿。 值今夕酒諧肉飫，卽許附申赦格； 明日禮輕貨薄，便復不入恩科。 筐貢微闕，緫撻肆情，風塵毀謗，隨忿而發。 及其蒜轉積，鵝栗漸盈，遠則分鬻他境，近則託貿吏民。 反請郡邑，助民申緩，回刺言臺，推信在所。 如聞頃者令長守牧，離此每實，非復近歲。 愚謂凡諸檢課，宜停遣使，密畿州郡，則指賜勑令，遙外鎮宰，明下條源，旣各奉別旨，人競自罄。 雖復臺使盈湊，會取正屬所辦，徒相疑僨，反更淹懈。
Before I took office, envoys from the capital driving collections of arrears and urgent levies were always to be seen meeting one another on the highways. By the time I reached my prefecture, the same abuses were anything but rare. Such agents are seldom conscientious or obedient; many are grasping and ruthless, and they actively seek these missions. They leave the palace gates in the morning with one demeanor; by nightfall, encamped in town or village, they exercise arbitrary power as they please. Give them only a painted drum half rigged and a few spears and halberds, and they already glare about and bark commands like lords of all they survey. They single out whole lineages for ruin, bully the humble and snub the eminent, extort at every ferry and dam, and terrorize the postal relays. At Pogang, where the current runs contrary, they make merchant vessels tow half their length, then force them downstream—yet their own boats always pass ahead. On the Zhe River, where gales are fierce and everyone dreads the crossing, they launch a light craft first and then drive every other boat to follow at once. Bawling at wayfarers and hustling the people along is, for them, merely routine. They humiliate local administrators, inventing fresh outrages without end. Hardly have they glimpsed a city's walls when they fling down harsh writs, styling themselves the itinerant bureau while never stating whose authority they represent. First they browbeat the powerful, then they take charge of every office; open a hearing, and they are already flourishing the rod. Next come crimson notices on scraps of paper, several in a single day; summoning whole villages and pressing every hamlet, issuing ten rounds of dunning within the hour. Those summoned from every quarter cannot tell justice from abuse; children, the elderly, scholars, and commoners alike are thrown into jail. a debt of a few feet of cloth may be reckoned as a full bolt; a tax shortfall of a hundred cash is inflated to a thousand. Some are tricked into confessing pawn service at the Imperial Workshop and are held at the Eastern Prison; the people are terrorized, and no one dares feel safe. Families pawn their clothes and ruin their strength, vying to supply feasts of meat and wine. if tonight's feast is ample with wine and meat, they promise to file for amnesty; if tomorrow's gifts are slight, the case again falls outside mercy. A trifling shortfall in basket-tribute brings a beating at whim; calumnies fly wherever their temper turns. When their hoards of garlic, grain, geese, and chestnuts mount, they peddle the surplus in distant markets or pass it through local clerks and townspeople. They urge the prefecture to plead for the people while secretly denouncing the capital and claiming credit locally. I hear that magistrates and governors have lately, in truth, kept their distance from such abuses—unlike in recent years. I submit that inspections and collections should no longer rely on dispatched envoys: near the capital, issue edicts directly; in distant provinces, publish clear rules—once each officer holds his own charge, men will strive of themselves to fulfill it. Even when envoys swarm, the work still belongs to the regular officials; they only breed mutual suspicion and delay.
5
:凡預衣冠，荷恩盛世，多以闇緩貽諐，少爲欺猾入罪。 若類以宰牧乖政，則觸事難委，不容課逋上綱，偏覺非才。 但賒促差降，各限一期。 如乃事速應緩，自依違糾坐之。 坐之之科，不必須重，但令必行，期在可肅。 且兩裝之船，充擬千緒； 三坊寡役，呼訂萬計。 每一事之發，彌晨方辦，粗計近遠，率遣一部，職散人領，無減二十，舟船所資，皆復稱是。 長江萬里，費固倍之。 較略一年，脫得省者，息船優役，寔爲不少。 兼折姦減竊，遠近蹔安。
Those of the gentry who have enjoyed favor in this age mostly offend through negligence rather than fraud. If we treat them like incompetent governors, nothing can be entrusted to them and arrears cannot be reported upward without seeming unjust. Grant graded extensions, each for a fixed term. If urgency and delay are reversed, let the usual penalties for dereliction apply. Penalties need not be harsh, provided they are enforced, so that order may be restored. A single mission may require a thousand items aboard two fully laden boats; and corvée from the three workshops is requisitioned by the ten thousand. Each undertaking takes from dawn to dusk to prepare; near or far, a whole section is sent, never fewer than twenty men, and every item for the voyage is again declared indispensable. Along the ten thousand li of the Yangzi, costs naturally multiply. A year's reckoning shows that ending such missions would spare vast expense in shipping and labor. Fraud and petty theft would decline as well, and the realm would know a measure of peace.
6
封聞喜縣公，邑千五百戶。
He was enfeoffed as Duke of Wenxi with a fief of fifteen hundred households.
7
子良敦義愛古。 郡民朱百年有至行，先卒，賜其妻米百斛，蠲一民給其薪蘇。 郡閤下有虞翻舊牀，罷任還，乃致以歸。 後於西邸起古齋，多聚古人器服以充之。 夏禹廟盛有禱祀，子良曰：「禹泣辜表仁，菲食旌約，服翫果粽，足以致誠。」 使歲獻扇簟而已。
Ziliang was earnest in duty and devoted to antiquity. When Zhu Bainian, a commandery man of exemplary conduct, died, Ziliang granted his widow a hundred hu of grain and excused one household from service to provide her firewood. In the prefectural hall stood an old couch once used by Yu Fan; when Ziliang left office, he had it returned to Yu's family. Later he built an antiquarian hall in his western mansion and filled it with ancient vessels and costume. The Temple of Yu of Xia was given to lavish rites; Ziliang said, "Yu wept over the guilty to show benevolence and ate frugally to teach restraint—fruit and rice dumplings are enough to express sincerity." He ordered only fans and mats presented each year.
8
建元二年，穆妃薨，去官。 仍爲征虜將軍、丹陽尹。 開私倉賑屬縣貧民。 明年，上表曰：「京尹雖居都邑，而境壤兼跨，廣袤周輪，幾將千里。 縈原抱隰，其處甚多，舊遏古塘，非唯一所。 而民貧業廢，地利久蕪。 近啓遣五官殷濔、典籤劉僧瑗到諸縣循履，得丹陽、溧陽、永世等四縣解，并村耆辭列，堪墾之田，合計荒熟有八千五百五十四頃，脩治塘遏，可用十一萬八千餘夫，一春就功，便可成立。」 上納之。 會遷官，事寢。
In the second year of Jianyuan (480), when Consort Mu died, he resigned his post. He was soon appointed General Who Punishes the Barbarians and intendant of Danyang. He opened his private granaries to relieve the poor in the counties under his jurisdiction. The following year he memorialized: "Though the capital intendant sits in the metropolis, his jurisdiction is vast—nearly a thousand li in circuit. Lowlands ring many upland basins, and old dikes and ponds are scattered everywhere. Yet the people are poor, fields lie abandoned, and the land's productivity has long been wasted. I recently sent Yin Mi of the Five Offices and Liu Sengyuan, secretariat aide, to survey the counties. Reports from Danyang, Liyang, Yongshi, and three other counties, with statements from village elders, show eight thousand five hundred fifty-four qing ready for cultivation; repairing dikes and ponds would take some one hundred eighteen thousand laborers, work that could be finished in a single spring." The emperor approved the proposal. When he was transferred, the project lapsed.
9
是年，始制東宮官僚以下官敬子良。 世祖卽位，封竟陵郡王，邑二千戶。 爲使持節、都督南徐兖二州諸軍事、鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史。 永明元年，徙爲侍中、都督南兖兖徐青冀五州、征北將軍、南兖州刺史，持節如故。 給油絡車。 明年，入爲護軍將軍，兼司徒，領兵置佐，侍中如故。 鎮西州。 三年，給鼓吹一部。 四年，進號車騎將軍。
That year it was first decreed that Eastern Palace officials and all lower ranks should show deference to Ziliang. When Emperor Wu ascended the throne, Ziliang was enfeoffed as Prince of Jingling with a fief of two thousand households. He was appointed bearer of the staff, area commander of Southern Xuzhou and Yanzhou, General Who Pacifies the North, and inspector of Southern Xuzhou. In the first year of Yongming (483), he became attendant at court, area commander of Southern Yanzhou, Yanzhou, Xuzhou, Qingzhou, and Jizhou, General Who Campaigns North, and inspector of Southern Yanzhou, retaining his staff of authority. He was granted a lacquered carriage with a canopy net. The following year he entered the capital as General Who Protects the Army and concurrent minister of education, with military staff appointed, while retaining his post as attendant. He garrisoned the Western Province quarter of the capital. In the third year he was granted a full set of martial music. In the fourth year he was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry.
10
子良少有清尚，禮才好士，居不疑之地，傾意賔客，天下才學皆遊集焉。 善立勝事，夏月客至，爲設瓜飲及甘果，著之文教。 士子文章及朝貴辭翰，皆發教撰錄。
From youth Ziliang cultivated refined tastes, loved ceremony and learning, and honored scholars; secure in his position as the emperor's brother, he lavished attention on guests until men of talent from across the realm flocked to his house. He delighted in elegant entertainments; when guests came in summer he served melon drinks and fruit, customs he recorded in his literary salon. Essays by scholars and writings by courtiers were all commissioned and collected under his patronage.
11
是時上新親政，水旱不時。 子良密啓曰：
The emperor had lately assumed personal rule, and floods and droughts struck out of season. Ziliang submitted a confidential memorial:
12
:臣思水潦成患，良田沃壤，變爲汙澤； 農政告祥，因高肆務，播植旣周，繼以旱虐。 黔庶呼嗟，相視褫氣。 夫國資於民，民資於食，匪食匪民，何以能政？ 臣每一念此，寢不便席。 本始中，郡國大旱，宣帝下詔除民租。 今聞所在逋餘尚多，守宰嚴期，兼夜課切，新稅力尚無從，故調於何取給？ 政當相驅爲盜耳。 愚謂逋租宜皆原除，少降停恩，微紓民命。
I reflect that floods have become a calamity, turning fertile fields into marshes; the season began auspiciously, planting on the uplands was finished, and then drought struck. the people cry out in despair, their spirits broken. The state rests on the people, the people on grain—without grain there are no people, and without people, how can there be government? Whenever I think of this, I cannot sleep at ease. In the Benshi era of Han, when drought struck the realm, Emperor Xuan remitted the land tax. I hear arrears remain heavy everywhere, magistrates pressing collections day and night while new taxes cannot be met—whence will old levies be paid? The people will be driven to banditry. I submit that all rent arrears should be forgiven, with a modest suspension of collections to ease the people's plight.
13
:自宋道無章，王風陵替，竊官假號，駢門連室。 今左民所檢，動以萬數，漸漬之來，非復始適，一朝洗正，理致沸騰。 小人之心，罔思前咎，董之以威，反怨後罰，獸窮則觸，事在匪輕。 齊有天下日淺，恩洽未布，一方或飢，當加優養。 愚謂自可依源削除，未宜便充猥役。 且部曹檢校，誠存精密，令史奸黠，鮮不容情。 情旣有私，理或枉謬。 耳目有限，羣狡無極。 變易是非，居然可見。 詳而後取，於事未遲。
Since the Song, government has lacked order and courtly standards have decayed; men usurp offices and borrow titles until fraudulent households fill every lane. The Ministry of the Left Household now investigates cases by the tens of thousands; abuses have accumulated over years, and a single day's purge would throw the realm into turmoil. Petty men forget past offenses; threaten them and they resent future punishment—a cornered beast will strike, and the danger is grave. Qi has ruled but briefly; imperial grace has not yet reached every corner; where hunger appears, mercy should be shown. I submit that false entries should be struck from the registers by origin, not immediately conscripted for base labor. Though ministry inspections are meticulous, clerks are cunning and rarely show mercy. Where private interest intrudes, justice may be perverted. Officials cannot see everything, while deceit knows no limit. Right and wrong are reversed before one's eyes. Thorough inquiry before action would not be too late.
14
:明詔深矜獄圄，恩文累墜。 今科網嚴重，稱爲峻察。 負罪離諐，充積牢戶。 暑時鬱蒸，加以金鐵。 聚憂之氣，足感天和。 民之多怨，非國福矣。
Your enlightened edicts have shown deep mercy toward prisoners, and gracious decrees have repeatedly been issued. Yet the law has grown severe and is praised as rigorous scrutiny. The guilty and the errant crowd the prisons. In summer's oppressive heat, prisoners also wear iron shackles. Such accumulated sorrow can disturb heaven's harmony. Widespread popular resentment bodes ill for the realm.
15
:頃土木之務，甚爲殷廣，雖役未及民，勤費已積。 炎旱致災，或由於此。 皇明載遠，書軌未一，緣淮帶江，數州地耳，以魏方漢，猶一郡之譬，以今比古，復爲遠矣。 何得不愛其民，緩其政，救其危，存其命哉？
Recently construction has grown lavish; though corvée has not yet fallen on the people, the cost in labor and funds already mounts. The drought and disaster may stem from this. Your radiance reaches far, yet the realm is not united; lands along the Huai and Yangtze are but a few provinces—in size, Qi beside Han is like one commandery beside a great empire, and the present beside antiquity is even more modest. How can you not love the people, ease policy, rescue their peril, and preserve their lives?
16
:湘區奧密，蠻寇熾彊，如聞南師未能挫戮。 百姓齊民，積年塗炭，疽食侵淫，邊虞方重。 交州敻絕一垂，寔惟荒服，恃遠後賔，固亦恒事。 自青德啓運，款關受職，置之度外，不足絓言。 今縣軍遠伐，經途萬里，衆寡事殊，客主勢異，以逸待勞，全勝難必。 又緣道調兵，以足軍力，民丁烏合，事乖習銳。 廣州積歲無年，越州兵糧素乏，加以發借，必致恇擾。 愚謂叔獻所請，不宜聽從； 取亂侮亡，更俟後會。 雖緩歲月，必有可禽之理，差息發動費役之勞。 劉楷見甲以助湘中，威力旣舉，蟻寇自服。
The Xiang region is rugged and remote; barbarian raiders are fierce; I hear the southern forces have not yet crushed them. The common people have for years been ground down; ruin spreads like a festering sore, and frontier danger grows acute. Jiaozhou lies at the empire's farthest edge, a true frontier land; tardy submission because of distance is nothing new. Since your virtuous reign began they have presented themselves at the passes and accepted office; set beyond urgent concern, they are scarcely worth lengthy discussion. Now to launch a distant expedition, the march ten thousand li, odds unequal and host and guest reversed—awaiting a weary foe from ease, total victory is far from assured. Moreover, troops levied along the march to fill the ranks are a rabble of pressed civilians, ill suited to seasoned fighting. Guangzhou has gone years without a good harvest, and Yuezhou has always lacked military grain; added levies and forced loans will surely breed panic and unrest. I submit that Shuxian's request should not be granted; Seize the enemy when he is in disorder and treat the doomed with contempt—but wait for a more favorable occasion. Though time may pass, they can surely be taken in due course, while easing somewhat the labor of mobilization and corvée. Let Liu Kai display armed force to aid the Xiang region; once might is shown, petty raiders will submit of themselves.
17
詔折租布，二分取錢。 子良又啓曰：
An edict allowed rent-cloth to be commuted, collecting cash at twenty percent. Ziliang again memorialized the throne as follows:
18
:臣一月入朝，六登玫陛，廣殿稠人，裁奉顏色，縱有所懷，豈敢自達。 比天眚亟見，地孽亟臻，民下妖訛，好生噂。 穀價雖和，比室飢嗛； 縑纊雖賤，駢門躶質。 臣一念此，每入心骨。 三吳奧區，地惟河、輔，百度所資，罕不自出，宜在蠲優，使其全富。 而守宰相繼，務在裒剋，圍桑品屋，以准貲課。 致令斬樹發瓦，以充重賦，破民財產，要利一時。 東郡使民，年無常限，在所相承，准令上直。 每至州臺使命，切求懸急，應充猥役，必由窮困。 乃有畏失嚴期，自殘軀命，亦有斬絕手足，以避傜役。 生育弗起，殆爲恒事。 守長不務先富民，而唯言益國，豈有民貧於下，而國富於上邪？
In one month at court I have six times ascended the red steps; in vast halls and dense crowds I barely present my face—even when I have concerns, how dare I speak freely. Heaven's warnings appear again and again, and earthly portents follow; among the people rumors flourish and slander spreads. Grain may be cheap, yet in home after home there is hunger; Though silk is cheap, every lane has families stripped bare and in pawn. Whenever I think of this, it pierces me to the bone. The Three Wu is a vital region, the land like the heartland of old; countless needs are supplied from it, and little is not produced there—it should enjoy relief and favor until it is fully prosperous. Yet magistrates and prefects succeed one another, bent on squeezing the people; they inventory mulberry trees and grade dwellings to set property taxes. They have felled trees and torn off roof tiles to meet crushing taxes, destroying people's livelihoods for a moment's gain. In the eastern commanderies, corvée has no fixed annual limit; each office simply inherits the prior quota as the standard for labor. Whenever provincial and capital missions arrive, they press with urgent demands; to meet petty corvée assignments, the poorest must bear the burden. Some, fearing to miss harsh deadlines, take their own lives; others cut off hands or feet to escape corvée. Parents who will not rear children has nearly become routine. Magistrates do not strive first to enrich the people but only to swell the treasury—can the people be poor below while the state is rich above?
19
:又泉鑄歲遠，類多翦鑿，江東大錢，十不一在。 公家所受，必須輪郭完全，遂買本一千，加子七百，猶求請無地，棰革相繼。 尋完者爲用，旣不兼兩，回復遷貿，會非委積，徒令小民每嬰困苦。 且錢帛相半，爲制永久，或聞長宰須令輸直，進違舊科，退容姦利。
Moreover, coinage has long been clipped and shaved; of the large coins of the lower Yangtze, scarcely one in ten remains intact. The government will accept only coins with rims intact; one must buy a thousand-cash coin and pay seven hundred more on top, yet still find no relief—beatings and floggings follow one after another. Because only whole coins are accepted and they cannot serve for two payments, people must trade back and forth; there is no hoard to draw on, yet commoners suffer at every turn. Moreover, the permanent rule was half cash and half silk; I hear that magistrates are forced to demand cash alone, violating the old statute forward and profiting illicitly backward.
20
:八屬近縣，旣在京畿，發借徵調，寔煩他邑，民特尤貧，連年失稔，草衣藿食，稍有流亡。 今農政就興，宜蒙賑給，若逋課未上，許以申原。
The eight districts near the capital lie within the metropolitan zone; when requisitions and levies go out, other counties are truly burdened—the people there are especially poor, harvests have failed for years, they wear grass and eat wild greens, and some have fled. Now that farming is to be revived, they should receive relief; if tax arrears remain unpaid, let them report and obtain remission.
21
:兖豫二藩，雖曰舊鎮，往屬兵虞，累弃鄉土。 密邇寇庭，下無安志。 編草結菴，不違凉暑； 扶淮聚落，靡有生向。 俱禀人靈，獨絕溫飽，而賦斂多少，尚均沃實。 謂凡在荒民，應加蠲減。
Yan and Yu, though called old garrisons, have long known warfare and repeatedly lost their native lands. Hard by the enemy frontier, the people below have no peace of mind. They weave grass into huts, braving cold and heat alike; Along the Huai they cluster in settlements with scarcely any will to live. They share the same human lot, yet alone lack warmth and full bellies—while levies are still assessed as if the land were rich and fertile. I submit that all destitute people in the frontier regions should receive added remissions.
22
:又司市之要，自昔所難。 頃來此役，不由才舉，竝條其重貲，許以賈衒。 前人增估求俠，後人加稅請代，如此輪回，終何紀極？ 兼復交關津要，共相脣齒，愚野未閑，必加陵誑，罪無大小，橫沒貲載。 凡求試穀帛，類非廉謹，未解在事所以開容？
Moreover, the duties of market supervision have always been difficult. Recently these posts have not been filled by talent; candidates are ranked by wealth and permitted to buy office. Predecessors raised valuations to squeeze profit; successors added taxes and sought replacements—when will such rotation ever end? Moreover, officials at the passes collude like lip and teeth; ignorant country folk are surely cheated; regardless of guilt, goods are seized. Those who seek posts handling grain and silk are seldom upright—why are such men still indulged in office?
23
:夫獄訟惟平，畫一在制，雖恩家得罪，必宜申憲，鼎姓貽諐，最合從網。 若罰典惟加賤下，辟書必蠲世族，懼非先王立理之本。
In lawsuits only fairness matters, and the law must be uniform—though a noble house offends, the statutes must be applied; though a great clan errs, the net must take them. If punishments fall only on the lowly while pardons always exempt noble clans, that is not how the sage kings of old founded good order.
24
:尚書列曹，上應乾象。 如聞命議所出，先諮於都，都旣下意，然後付郎，謹寫關行。 愚謂郎官尤宜推擇。
Moreover, the ministry bureaus correspond to the signs of heaven. I hear that wherever policy deliberations originate, the capital is consulted first; once the capital has decided, the matter is handed to clerks who merely copy and transmit it. I submit that clerks especially ought to be chosen with care.
25
:宋運告終，戎車屢駕，寄名軍牒，動竊數等。 故非分充朝，資奉殷積。 廣、越邦宰，梁、益郡邑，參差調補，寔允事機。 且此徒冗雜，罕遵王憲，嚴加廉視，隨違彈斥，一二年間，可減太半。
When the Song dynasty neared its end, campaigns were frequent; men borrowed names on military registers and stole several ranks. Thus the unqualified filled the court, and salaries piled up. Posting governors to Guang and Yue and administrators to Liang and Yi, with assignments adjusted as needed, truly suits the times. Moreover, this crowd is redundant and seldom obeys the law; with strict oversight and dismissal for violations, within a year or two more than half could be cut.
26
五年，正位司徒，給班劔二十人，侍中如故。 移居雞籠山邸，集學士抄《五經》、百家，依《皇覽》例爲《四部要略》千卷。 招致名僧，講語佛法，造經唄新聲，道俗之盛，江左未有也。
In the fifth year of Yongming he became minister of education in full rank, was granted twenty guard halberds, and retained his post as attendant. He moved to the Cock Cage Mountain estate, gathered scholars to copy the Five Classics and the hundred schools, and following the model of the Imperial Overview compiled the Essential Digest of the Four Divisions in a thousand scrolls. He invited eminent monks, expounded the Dharma, and composed new Buddhist chants; never had the lower Yangtze seen such splendor among clergy and laity.
27
世祖好射雉，子良諫曰：
Emperor Wu of Qi loved hunting pheasant; Ziliang remonstrated as follows:
28
:鑾轝亟動，天蹕屢巡，陵犯風煙，驅馳野澤。 萬乘至重，一羽甚微。 從甚微之懽，忽至重之誡。 頃郊郛以外，科禁嚴重，匪直芻牧事罷，遂乃窀掩殆廢。 且田月向登，桑時告至，士女呼嗟，易生噂議，弃民從欲，理未可安。 曩時巡幸，必盡威防，領軍景先、詹事赤斧堅甲利兵，左右屯衞。 今馳騖外野，交侍疏闊，晨出晚還，頓遺清道，此實愚臣最所震迫。
The imperial carriage moves again and again, the royal escort patrols repeatedly, braving wind and mist and racing through wild marshes. The ruler of ten thousand chariots is supremely weighty; a single feather is exceedingly slight. For the slightest sport one forgets the gravest warning. Recently beyond the suburbs prohibitions are severe; not only pasturing and firewood are banned, but burials are nearly forbidden. Moreover, harvest and sericulture seasons are at hand; men and women cry out and slander easily arises; to abandon the people for one's pleasure cannot be justified. Formerly on imperial tours defenses were always complete; the Protector of the Army Jing Xian and the Household Master Chi Fu, in firm armor with sharp weapons, guarded left and right. Now you gallop in the open country with a thin escort, leaving at dawn and returning at dusk and abandoning the cleared road—this is what I most dread.
29
:狡虜玩威，甫獲款關，二漢全富，猶加曲待。 如聞使臣，頻亦怨望，前會東宮，遂形言色。 昔宋氏遣使，舊列階下，劉纘銜使，始登朝殿。 今旣反命，宜賜優禮。
The northern foe tests our strength; he has only just submitted at the passes; even when the Han was wholly prosperous, envoys were treated with courtesy. I hear the envoys frequently resent their treatment; at the Eastern Palace they have already shown it in word and face. Formerly Song envoys were ranked below the steps; when Liu Zuan received the mission, they first ascended the palace hall. Now that they have returned, they ought to receive generous ceremony.
30
:伏謂中堂雲構，實惟峻絕，檐陛深嚴，事隔敘暑，而別爲一室，如或有疑。 邊帶廣途，訛言孔熾，毀立之易，過於轉圓，若依舊制通敞，實允觀聽。
I submit that the central hall, towering like clouds, is truly lofty; its eaves and steps are deeply solemn and keep out the summer heat—yet a separate room was built, as if there were doubt. Along the broad roads slander runs wild; to tear down or build is easier than turning a wheel; if the old open design were restored, it would truly satisfy public opinion.
31
:頃市司驅扇，租估過刻，吹毛求瑕，廉察相繼，被以小罪，責以重備。 愚謂宜勑有司，更詳優格。
Recently market officers have driven up prices, rent assessments are overly harsh, and inspectors pick at every flaw; for a small offense one is charged heavy compensation. I submit that the relevant offices should be ordered to set more lenient standards.
32
:臣年方朝賢，齒未相及，以管窺天，猶知失得，廊廟之士，豈闇是非。 未聞一人開一說爲陛下憂國家，非但面從，亦畏威耳。 臣若不啓，陛下於何聞之？
I am still young among court worthies and have not yet reached their years; viewing heaven through a tube, I still know gain from loss—can the gentlemen of the court be blind to right and wrong. I have not heard a single man speak openly for the state's sake; they not only agree to your face but also fear your majesty. If I do not speak, how will Your Majesty hear of it?
33
先是六年，左衞、殿中將軍邯鄲超上書諫射雉，世祖爲止。 久之，超竟被誅。 永明末，上將射雉。 子良諫曰：
Earlier, in the sixth year, Left Guards and Palace Army general Handan Chao memorialized against pheasant hunting, and Emperor Wu of Qi stopped. After a long while, Chao was in the end executed. At the end of the Yongming era, the emperor was about to hunt pheasant again. Ziliang remonstrated as follows:
34
:忽聞外議，伏承當更射雉。 臣下情震越，心懷憂悚，猶謂疑妄，事不必然。 伏度陛下以信心明照，所以傾金寶於禪靈，仁愛廣洽，得使禽魚養命於江澤，豈惟國慶民懽，乃以翱翔治樂。 夫衞生保命，人獸不殊； 重軀愛體，彼我無異。 故禮云「聞其聲不食其肉，見其生不忍其死」。 且萬乘之尊，降同匹夫之樂，夭殺無辜，傷仁害福之本。 菩薩不殺，壽命得長。 施物安樂，自無恐怖。 不惱衆生，身無患苦。 臣見功德有此果報，所以日夜劬懃，厲身奉法，實願聖躬康御若此。 每至寢夢，脫有異見，不覺身心立就燋爛。 陛下常日捨財脩福，臣私心顒顒，尚恨其少，豈可今日有見此事？ 一損福業，追悔便難。 臣此啓聞，私心實切。 若是大事，不可易改，亦願陛下照臣此誠，曲垂三思。 況此嬉遊之閒，非關當否，而動輙傷生，實可深慎。
Suddenly I hear outside talk; I learn that you intend again to hunt pheasant. My feelings below are shaken with dread; in my heart I am anxious and fearful; I still hope it is rumor and that the matter cannot be real. I trust that Your Majesty, with faith and luminous wisdom, poured gold and treasure at Chanling and with broad benevolence let birds and fish live in rivers and marshes—not only bringing the state joy and the people happiness, but even in flight and roaming showing humane rule. To preserve life and guard the body, men and beasts are alike; To cherish body and life, between them and us there is no difference. Thus the Rites say, "Hearing its voice, one does not eat its flesh; seeing it alive, one cannot bear its death." Moreover, for the ruler of ten thousand chariots to descend to a commoner's sport, killing the innocent injures the root of benevolence and blessing. When the bodhisattva refrains from killing, life is lengthened. Giving brings peace and joy; of itself there is no terror. When one does not trouble living beings, the body knows no affliction. I see that merit brings such reward; therefore day and night I am diligent, disciplining myself to uphold the law, truly wishing Your Majesty health and governance like this. Whenever I dream, if something strange appears, my body and mind feel at once scorched. Your Majesty on ordinary days gives up wealth to cultivate merit; in my private heart I am earnest and still regret it is too little—how can today there be such a thing? Once merit is damaged, repentance is hard. On hearing this memorial, my private heart is truly urgent. If it is a great matter, it cannot be lightly changed; I also ask Your Majesty to heed this sincerity of mine and grant it threefold reconsideration. Moreover this is mere sport and diversion, unrelated to right or wrong, yet each move often costs lives; it truly calls for the deepest caution.
35
:臣聞子孝奉君，臣忠事主，莫不靈祇通感，徵祥證登。 臣近段仰啓，賜希受戒，天心洞遠，誠未達勝善之途，而聖恩遲疑，尚未垂履曲降尊極，豈可今月復隨此事？ 臣不隱心，卽實上啓。
Your servant has heard that when sons are filial in serving their lord and ministers loyal in serving their master, spirits and deities respond in communion, and auspicious signs bear witness on high. Your servant recently memorialized, begging to receive the precepts; the mind of Heaven is profound and far, and I have not yet attained the path of supreme goodness, yet imperial grace still hesitates and has not bent to descend from the highest dignity—how can this month again follow such an affair? Your servant conceals nothing in his heart and now reports it in full.
36
雖不盡納，而深見寵愛。
Although not everything was adopted, he was still shown deep favor and affection.
37
又與文惠太子同好釋氏，甚相友悌。 子良敬信尤篤，數於邸園營齋戒，大集朝臣衆僧，至於賦食行水，或躬親其事，世頗以爲失宰相體。 勸人爲善，未嘗厭倦，以此終致盛名。 尋代王儉領國子祭酒，辭不拜。 八年，給三望車。 九年，京邑大水，吳興偏劇，子良開倉賑救貧病不能立者，於第北立廨收養，給衣及藥。 十年，領尚書令。 尋爲使持節、都督揚州諸軍事、揚州刺史，本官如故。 尋解尚書令，加中書監。
He also shared a devotion to Buddhism with Crown Prince Wenhui, and the two were deeply friendly and fraternal. Ziliang's reverent faith was especially deep; he often held fasts and precepts at his mansion gardens, gathering great assemblies of court ministers and monks, even distributing food and pouring water himself at times, which many in the age thought unbecoming of a chief minister. In urging others toward goodness he never wearied, and by this he ultimately won great renown. Soon afterward he was to replace Wang Jian as Director of the Imperial University, but he declined the appointment. In the eighth year he was granted a three-canopied carriage. In the ninth year the capital was inundated and Wuxing was especially hard hit; Ziliang opened his granaries to aid the poor and sick who could not rise, set up a shelter north of his mansion to take them in, and supplied clothing and medicine. In the tenth year he served as Director of the Imperial Secretariat. Soon he was appointed Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Commissioner over all military affairs of Yang Province, and Governor of Yang Province, while retaining his existing offices. Soon he relinquished the directorship of the Secretariat and was made Supervisor of the Central Secretariat.
38
文惠太子薨，世祖檢行東宮，見太子服御羽儀，多過制度，上大怒，以子良與太子善，不啓聞，頗加嫌責。
When Crown Prince Wenhui died, Emperor Wu inspected the Eastern Palace and found the prince's raiment and feathered banners far beyond regulation; the emperor was furious. Because Ziliang had been close to the prince and had not reported it, he was sharply blamed and censured.
39
世祖不豫，詔子良甲仗入延昌殿侍醫藥。 子良啓進沙門於殿戶前誦經，世祖爲感夢見優曇缽華，子良按佛經宣旨使御府以銅爲華，插御牀四角。 日夜在殿內，太孫閒日入參承。 世祖暴漸，內外惶懼，百僚皆已變服，物議立子良，俄頃而蘇，問太孫所在，因召東宮器甲皆入。 遺詔使子良輔政，高宗知尚書事。 子良素仁厚，不樂世務，乃推高宗。 詔云：「事無大小，悉與鸞參懷。」 子良所志也。 太孫少養於子良妃袁氏，甚著慈愛，旣懼前不得立，自此深忌子良。 大行出太極殿，子良居中書省，帝使虎賁中郎將潘敞領二百人仗屯太極西階防之。 成服後，諸王皆出，子良乞停至山陵，不許。
When Emperor Wu fell ill, an edict ordered Ziliang, armed and in armor, to enter Yanqing Hall to attend his medical care. Ziliang memorialized that monks be brought to chant sutras before the hall doors; Emperor Wu was moved to dream of the udumbara flower, and Ziliang, citing scripture, had the imperial workshop cast bronze flowers and set them at the four corners of the imperial couch. He remained in the hall day and night, while on free days the heir would enter to pay his respects. Emperor Wu's illness suddenly worsened; inside and outside the palace there was panic, and all officials had already changed into mourning dress while public talk favored enthroning Ziliang. In a moment he revived, asked where the heir was, and ordered the Eastern Palace's arms and armor brought in. The deathbed edict made Ziliang assist in government and Emperor Ming (Xiao Luan) oversee Secretariat affairs. Ziliang was by nature benevolent and took no pleasure in worldly affairs, and so he yielded the lead to Emperor Ming. An edict said, "In affairs great or small, all shall be deliberated with Luan. This was what Ziliang had wished for. The heir had been raised from childhood by Ziliang's consort, Lady Yuan, and affection between them was evident; having feared earlier that he might not succeed, from this time he deeply resented Ziliang. When the late emperor's coffin left the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, Ziliang remained at the Central Secretariat; the emperor sent Rapid-as-Tiger Guards Commandant Pan Chang with two hundred armed men to hold the western steps of Supreme Ultimate and guard against him. After the mourning period was completed, all the princes left the capital; Ziliang begged to remain until the imperial tomb was finished, but permission was denied.
40
進位太傅，增班劔爲三十人，本官如故。 解侍中。 ，加殊禮，劔履上殿，入朝不趨，贊拜不名。 進督南徐州。 其年疾篤，謂左右曰：「門外應有異。」 遣人視，見淮中魚萬數，皆浮出水上向城門。 尋薨，時年三十五。 帝常慮子良有異志，及薨，甚悅。 詔給東園溫明秘器，斂以袞冕之服。 東府施喪位，大鴻臚持節監護，太官朝夕送祭。 又詔曰：「褒崇明德，前王令典，追遠尊親，沿情所隆。 故使持節、都督揚州諸軍事、中書監、太傅、領司徒、揚州刺史、竟陵王、新除督南徐州，體睿履正，神鑒淵邈。 道冠民宗，具瞻允集。 肇自弱齡，孝友光備。 爰及贊契，協升景業。 燮曜台陛，五教克宣。 敷奏朝端，百揆惟穆。 寄重先顧，任均負圖。 諒以齊暉《二南》，同規往哲。 方憑保祐，永翼雍熙。 天不憖遺，奄焉薨逝。 哀慕抽割，震于厥心。 今龜謀襲吉，先遠戒期。 宜崇嘉制，式弘風烈。 可追崇假黃鉞、侍中、都督中外諸軍事、太宰、領大將軍、揚州牧，綠綟綬，備九服錫命之禮。 使持節、中書監、王如故。 給九旒鸞輅，黃屋左纛，轀輬車，前後部羽葆鼓吹，輓歌二部，虎賁班劔百人，葬禮依晉安平王孚故事。」 初，豫章王嶷葬金牛山，文惠太子葬夾石，子良臨送，望祖硎山，悲感歎曰：「北瞻吾叔，前望吾兄，死而有知，請葬茲地。」 旣薨，遂葬焉。
He was promoted to Grand Tutor, his ceremonial guard increased to thirty men, and his other offices remained unchanged. He was relieved of the post of Palace Attendant. He was granted extraordinary honors: he might wear sword and shoes in the hall, need not hasten when entering court, and his personal name was not called when he was praised in obeisance. He was further appointed to supervise South Xuzhou. That year his illness grew grave, and he said to those beside him, "There should be something strange outside the gate." He sent men to look and saw tens of thousands of fish in the Huai River floating to the surface and drifting toward the city gate. Soon afterward he died, at the age of thirty-five. The emperor had long feared that Ziliang harbored a rival ambition, and when he died the emperor was greatly pleased. An edict granted the secret funerary vessels of the Eastern Garden and Warm Brightness, and he was laid out in the robes of supreme ceremonial rank. Mourning stations were set up at the Eastern Mansion; the Grand Herald, bearing the staff of authority, supervised the rites, and the Imperial Kitchen sent offerings morning and evening. Another edict said, "To praise and exalt bright virtue is the worthy statute of former kings; to honor the distant dead and revere kin is what feeling along custom elevates. The late Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Commissioner over all military affairs of Yang Province, Supervisor of the Central Secretariat, Grand Tutor, concurrent Minister of Education, Governor of Yang Province, Prince of Jingling, and newly appointed supervisor of South Xuzhou—his person was wise, his conduct upright, and his spiritual discernment profound and far-reaching. His virtue crowned the people's exemplar, and all eyes turned to him in trust. From his youth, filial piety and brotherly affection shone complete. When he came to assist the founding bond, he joined in raising the bright enterprise. He harmonized and illumined the court, and the five teachings were fully proclaimed. He presented policy at the head of court, and the hundred offices were harmonious. Entrusted with weight in the founding care, his burden equaled bearing the realm's chart. Truly he matched the radiance of the "Two Souths" and shared the measure of sages of old. We had relied on his protection to wing enduring prosperity. Heaven did not spare him, and suddenly he passed away. Grief and longing tear at the heart and shake it to the core. Now the tortoise divination has yielded an auspicious day, and the time for honoring the departed draws near. It is fitting to exalt him with honorable rites and thereby magnify his exemplary renown. Let him be posthumously honored with the provisional yellow battle-axe, Palace Attendant, Commissioner over all military affairs at home and abroad, Grand Minister, concurrent Grand General, Governor of Yang Province, the green ribbon and seal-cord, and the full nine gifts of investiture. His offices as Bearer of the Staff of Authority and Supervisor of the Central Secretariat shall remain as before. Grant the nine-tasseled phoenix carriage, yellow canopy with left banner, covered transport carriage, front and rear escorts with feathered parasols and martial music, two sections of dirge singers, one hundred Rapid-as-Tiger ceremonial guards, and funeral rites following the precedent of Jin's Prince of Pingyang, Sima Fu." Earlier, Prince of Yuzhang Xiao Liao had been buried at Golden Ox Mountain and Crown Prince Wenhui at Jia Rock; when Ziliang attended the funeral and gazed toward Ancestor's Whetstone Mountain, he grieved and said, "To the north I see my uncle, before me my brother—if the dead have awareness, let me be buried here." When he died, he was buried there as he had wished.
41
所著內外文筆數十卷，雖無文采，多是勸戒。 建武中，故吏范雲上表爲子良立碑，事不行。 子昭冑嗣。
His collected writings, inner and outer, number several tens of scrolls; though without literary polish, most are admonitions and warnings. During the Jianwu period, his former subordinate Fan Yun submitted a memorial to erect a stele for Ziliang, but the proposal was not adopted. His son Zhaochou succeeded him.
43
子昭冑
Son Zhaochou
44
=昭冑字景胤。 汎涉有父風。 ，自竟陵王世子爲寧朔將軍、會稽太守。 鬱林初，爲右衞將軍，未拜，遷侍中，領右軍將軍。 建武三年，復爲侍中，領驍騎將軍，轉散騎常侍，太常。 以封境邊虜，永元元年，改封巴陵王。
Zhaochou, courtesy name Jingyin. Broadly learned, he bore his father's manner. From heir of the Prince of Jingling he became General of Pacifying the North and Governor of Kuaiji. At the beginning of the Yulin reign he was appointed General of the Right Guard; before he could take up the post he was transferred to Palace Attendant and concurrent General of the Right Army. In the third year of Jianwu he again became Palace Attendant and concurrent General of Valiant Cavalry, then was transferred to Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and Minister of Rites. Because his fief bordered foreign territory, in the first year of Yongyuan he was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Baling.
45
先是王敬則事起，南康侯子恪在吳郡，高宗慮有同異，召諸王侯入宮。 晉安王寶義及江陵公寶覽等住中書省，高、武諸孫住西省，勑人各兩左右自隨，過此依軍法，孩抱者乳母隨入。 其夜太醫煮藥，都水辦數十具棺材，須三更當悉殺之。 子恪奔歸，二更達建陽門刺啓。 時刻已至，而帝眠不起，中書舍人沈徽孚與帝所親左右單景雋共謀少留其事，須臾帝覺，景雋啓子恪已至，驚問曰：「未邪？」 景雋具以事荅。 明日悉遣王侯還第。 建武以來，高、武王侯居常震怖，朝不保夕，至是尤甚。
Earlier, when Wang Jingze's rebellion broke out, Marquis of Nankang Zike was in Wu Commandery; Emperor Ming feared disloyalty among the princes and summoned all kings and marquises into the palace. Prince of Jin'an Bao Yi, Duke of Jiangling Bao Lan, and others were lodged in the Central Secretariat, while the grandsons of Emperors Gao and Wu were lodged in the Western Secretariat; each man was allowed only two personal attendants, and beyond that military law applied—infants in arms might enter only with their wet nurses. That night the imperial physicians brewed medicine, the Directorate of Waterways prepared dozens of coffins, and at the third watch all were to be killed. Zike fled back to the capital and at the second watch reached Jianyang Gate with an urgent report. The hour had come, yet the emperor still slept and would not rise; Secretariat Attendant Shen Huifu and the emperor's intimate attendant Shan Jingjun plotted together to delay the matter a little. Presently the emperor awoke; Jingjun reported that Zike had arrived, and the emperor asked in alarm, "Not yet?" Jingjun reported the whole affair in detail. The next day all the princes and marquises were sent back to their residences. Since the Jianwu period the princes and marquises of the Gao and Wu lines had lived in constant terror, unsure from morning to evening whether they would survive; now their fear was especially acute.
46
及陳顯達起事，王侯復入宮。 昭冑懲往時之懼，與弟永新侯昭穎逃奔江西，變形爲道人。 崔慧景舉兵，昭冑兄弟出投之。 慧景事敗，昭冑兄弟首出投臺軍主胡松，各以王侯還第。 不自安，謀爲身計。 子良故防閤桑偃爲梅蟲兒軍副，結前巴西太守蕭寅，謀立昭冑。 昭冑許事克用寅爲尚書左僕射、護軍將軍。 以寅有部曲，大事皆委之。 時胡松領軍在新亭，寅遣人說之，云「須昏人出，寅等便率兵奉昭冑入臺，閉城號令。 昏人必還就將軍，將軍但閉壘不應，則三公不足得也。」 松又許諾。 會東昏新起芳樂苑，月許日不復出遊，偃等議募健兒百餘人從萬春門入突取之，昭冑以爲不可。 偃同黨王山沙慮事久無成，以事告御刀徐僧重。 寅遣人殺山沙於路，吏於麝中得其事迹，昭冑兄弟與同黨皆伏誅。 昭穎官至寧朔將軍、彭城太守。 梁王定京邑，追贈昭冑散騎常侍、撫軍將軍，昭穎黃門郎。 梁受禪，降封昭冑子周監利侯。
When Chen Xianda rose in rebellion, the princes and marquises were again summoned into the palace. Zhaochou, remembering his earlier terror, fled with his younger brother, Marquis of Yongxin Zhaoying, to the region west of the Yangzi and disguised themselves as Daoist priests. When Cui Huijing raised troops, the Zhaochou brothers went out to join him. When Huijing's rebellion failed, the Zhaochou brothers were the first to surrender to the capital army commander Hu Song and were each sent back to his residence with his title restored. Still uneasy, they plotted to secure their own safety. Ziliang's former guard-commander Sang Yan, deputy in Mei Chong'er's army, joined with the former Governor of Baxi Xiao Yin in a plot to enthrone Zhaochou. Zhaochou promised that if the plot succeeded he would appoint Yin Left Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat and Protector of the Army. Because Yin commanded his own troops, all major matters were entrusted to him. At that time Hu Song commanded the army at Xinting; Yin sent men to win him over, saying, "When Emperor Donghun comes out, we shall at once lead troops to escort Zhaochou into the palace, close the city gates, and issue our commands. The emperor will certainly return to you; if you only close your ramparts and do not respond, then the Three Excellencies cannot touch you." Hu Song again gave his promise. It happened that Emperor Donghun had newly built the Garden of Fragrant Delights and for a month or so did not go out on excursions; Yan and his fellows discussed recruiting more than a hundred stalwart men to burst in through Wanchun Gate and seize him, but Zhaochou thought it unwise. Yan's fellow conspirator Wang Shansha, fearing the plot would never succeed, reported the affair to Imperial Blade Attendant Xu Sengzhong. Yin sent men to kill Shansha on the road, but officials found the written account of the plot in his musk pouch; the Zhaochou brothers and all their fellow conspirators were executed. Zhaoying rose to the rank of General of Pacifying the North and Governor of Pengcheng. When the Prince of Liang secured the capital, Zhaochou was posthumously honored as Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and General Who Pacifies the Army, and Zhaoying as Yellow Gate Attendant. When the Liang dynasty received the abdication, Zhaochou's son Zhou was demoted to Marquis of Jianli.
47
廬陵王子卿
Prince of Luling Ziqing
48
廬陵王子卿字雲長，世祖第三子也。 建元元年，封臨汝縣公，千五百戶。 兄弟四人同封。 世祖卽位，爲持節、都督郢州司州之義陽軍事、冠軍將軍、郢州刺史。 ，徙都督荊湘益寧梁南北秦七州、安西將軍、荊州刺史，持節如故。 始興王鑑爲益州，子卿解督。
Prince of Luling Ziqing, courtesy name Yunchang, was the third son of Emperor Wu. In the first year of Jianyuan he was enfeoffed as Duke of Linru with a fief of one thousand five hundred households. Four brothers received enfeoffment together. When Emperor Wu took the throne, he was appointed Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over the military affairs of Ying Province and Yiyang in Sizhou, General of the Champions, and Governor of Ying Province. He was transferred to Commissioner over the seven provinces of Jing, Xiang, Yi, Ning, Liang, and North and South Qin, made General of Pacifying the West and Governor of Jing Province, while retaining his staff of authority. When Prince of Shixing Xiao Jian took Yi Province, Ziqing was relieved of his supervisory duties.
49
子卿在鎮，營造服飾，多違制度。 上勑之曰：「吾前後有勑，非復一兩過，道諸王不得作乖體格服飾，汝何意都不憶吾勑邪？ 忽作玳瑁乘具，何意？ 已成不須壞，可速送下。 純銀乘具，乃復可爾，何以作鐙亦是銀？ 可卽壞之。 忽用金薄裹箭脚，何意？ 亦速壞去。 凡諸服章，自今不啓吾知復專輙作者，後有所聞，當復得痛杖。」 又曰：「汝比在都，讀學不就，年轉成長，吾日冀汝美，勿得勑如風過耳，使吾失氣。」
While Ziqing held his post, he had raiment and ornaments made, many of them in violation of regulations. The Emperor rebuked him: "I have sent order after order—not once or twice—that princes must not commission apparel and ornaments of improper style. Why do you pay no heed to my commands at all? You suddenly had tortoiseshell carriage fittings made—what do you mean by this? They are already finished—no need to destroy them. Send them down to me at once. Carriage fittings of pure silver might still pass—but why are the stirrups silver too? Break them up immediately. You suddenly had the pole-end fittings wrapped in gold leaf—what is this about? Get rid of those at once as well. For all raiment and regalia: from this day forward, if you again commission anything on your own without telling me, and I hear of it, you will receive a severe flogging." He added: "When you were in the capital your studies came to nothing; year by year you grow older, and I look to you daily to improve. Do not let my commands go in one ear and out the other and break my spirit."
50
五年，入爲侍中、撫軍將軍，未拜，仍爲中護軍，侍中如故。 六年，遷秘書監，領右衞將軍，尋遷中軍將軍，侍中竝如故。 十年，進號車騎將軍。 俄遷使持節、都督南豫豫司三州軍事、驃騎將軍、南豫州刺史，侍中如故。 子卿之鎮，道中戲部伍爲水軍，上聞之，大怒，殺其典籤。 遣宜都王鏗代之。 子卿還第，至崩，不與相見。
In the fifth year he entered court as Palace Attendant and General Who Pacifies the Army; before he could take up the post he was made Central Army Commander instead, while retaining Palace Attendant. In the sixth year he became Director of the Secretariat and concurrently General of the Right Guards; soon after he was promoted to General of the Central Army, with Palace Attendant unchanged. In the tenth year he was promoted to General of the Chariots and Cavalry. Soon afterward he was appointed Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over the military affairs of South Yu, Yu, and Si, made General of the Swift Cavalry and Governor of South Yu, while retaining Palace Attendant. When Ziqing set out for his post he amused himself on the road by drilling his escort as a fleet; the Emperor heard of it, was enraged, and had his registry clerk executed. He sent Prince of Yidu Xiao Keng to take his place. Ziqing returned home and, until the Emperor's death, was never received in audience.
51
鬱林卽位，復爲侍中、驃騎將軍。 ，轉衞將軍、開府儀同三司，置兵佐。 鄱陽王鏘見害，以子卿代爲司徒，領兵置佐。 尋復見殺，時年二十七。
When Emperor Deposed of Lin ascended the throne, Ziqing was again made Palace Attendant and General of the Swift Cavalry. He was transferred to General of the Guards and Grandee with golden seal and ceremonials equal to the Three Excellencies, with military aides assigned. After Prince of Poyang Xiao Qiang was killed, Ziqing was appointed Minister over the Masses in his stead, with troops and staff. Before long he too was put to death, aged twenty-seven.
52
魚復侯子響
Marquis of Yufu Zixiang
53
魚復侯子響字雲音，世祖第四子也。 豫章王嶷無子，養子響，後有子，表留爲嫡。 世祖卽位，爲輔國將軍、南彭城臨淮二郡太守，見諸王不致敬。 子響勇力絕人，關弓四斛力，數在園池中帖騎馳走竹樹下，身無虧傷。 旣出繼，車服異諸王，每入朝，輙忿怒，拳打車壁。 世祖知之，令車服與皇子同。
Marquis of Yufu Zixiang, courtesy name Yunyin, was the fourth son of Emperor Wu. Prince of Yuzhang Xiao Luan, being without sons, adopted Zixiang; when he later had a son of his own, he memorialized to retain Zixiang as his heir. When Emperor Wu took the throne, Zixiang was appointed General Who Supports the State and Administrator of South Pengcheng and Linhuai; he refused to bow when he met the other princes. Zixiang's valor and strength were beyond compare: he could draw a four-hu bow, and often in the palace gardens would gallop through bamboo groves so close that he brushed the trees, yet never suffered a scratch. Once he had been given in adoption, his carriage and dress differed from the other princes'; each time he came to court he would flare up and beat the carriage wall with his fist. Emperor Wu learned of this and ordered that his carriage and raiment be made the same as the imperial princes'.
54
，遷右衞將軍。 仍出爲使持節、都督豫州郢州之西陽司州之汝南二郡軍事、冠軍將軍、豫州刺史。 明年，進號右將軍。 進督南豫州之歷陽、淮南、潁川、汝陽四郡。 入爲散騎常侍，右衞將軍。 六年，有司奏：「子響體自聖明，出繼宗國。 大司馬臣嶷昔未有胤，所以因心鞠養。 陛下弘天倫之愛，臣嶷深猶子之恩，遂乃繼體扶疏，世祚垂改，茅蔣菴蔚，冢嗣莫移，誠欣惇睦之風，實虧立嫡之教。 臣等參議，子響宜還本。」 乃封巴東郡王，遷中護軍，常侍如故。 尋出爲江州刺史，常侍如故。
He was promoted to General of the Right Guards. He was then sent out as Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over the military affairs of Xiyang in Ying Province and Runan in Si Province, General of the Champions, and Governor of Yu Province. The following year he was promoted to General of the Right. His supervision was extended to Liyang, Huainan, Yingchuan, and Ruyang in South Yu Province. He entered court as Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and General of the Right Guards. In the sixth year the relevant offices memorialized: "Zixiang is in himself endowed with sagely brilliance and was given in adoption to succeed a collateral line. Grand Marshal Luan formerly had no heir and therefore raised and nurtured Zixiang as his heart inclined. Your Majesty has magnified the bonds of kin; Minister Luan has shown a foster-son's deep affection; thus succession passed to a collateral branch and the hereditary seat nearly changed. Though thatch and bamboo flourished and the chief heir was not displaced, one may rejoice at familial harmony yet in truth this undermines the rule of establishing the primary heir. We your ministers, having deliberated, hold that Zixiang ought to return to his birth house." He was then enfeoffed Prince of Badong and made Central Army Commander, retaining Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. Soon afterward he was sent out as Governor of Jiang Province, retaining Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary.
55
七年，遷使持節、都督荊湘雍梁寧南北秦七州軍事、鎮軍將軍、荊州刺史。 子響少好武，在西豫時，自選帶仗左右六十人，皆有膽幹。 至鎮，數在內齋殺牛置酒，與之聚樂。 令內人私作錦袍絳襖，欲餉蠻交易器仗。 長史劉寅等連名密啓，上勑精檢。 寅等懼，欲秘之。 子響聞臺使至，不見勑，召寅及司馬席恭穆、諮議參軍江愈、殷曇粲、中兵參軍周彥、典籤吳脩之、王賢宗、魏景淵於琴臺下詰問之。 寅等無言。 脩之曰：「旣以降勑旨，政應方便答塞。」 景淵曰：「故應先檢校。」 子響大怒，執寅等於後堂殺之。 以啓無江愈名，欲釋之，而用命者已加戮。 上聞之怒，遣衞尉胡諧之、游擊將軍尹略、中書舍人茹法亮領齋仗數百人，檢捕羣小。 勑：「子響若束首自歸，可全其性命。」
In the seventh year he was appointed Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over the military affairs of Jing, Xiang, Yong, Liang, Ning, and North and South Qin, General Who Pacifies the Army, and Governor of Jing Province. From youth Zixiang loved the martial arts; while in West Yu he personally chose sixty armed attendants, every one bold and capable. On reaching his post he often slaughtered cattle and set out wine in the inner quarters, feasting and making merry with them. He had palace women secretly make brocade robes and crimson jackets to give the barbarians in exchange for arms. Chief Administrator Liu Yin and others submitted a joint secret memorial; the Emperor ordered a thorough investigation. Yin and the others were afraid and wanted to keep the matter concealed. When Zixiang heard that envoys from the capital had arrived but saw no edict, he summoned Yin, Chief Administrator Xi Gongmu, Consultants Jiang Yu and Yin Tan Can, Central Army Staff Officer Zhou Yan, and Registry Clerks Wu Xiuzhi, Wang Xianzong, and Wei Jingyuan to the Zither Terrace to question them. Yin and the others kept silent. Xiuzhi said: "Since an imperial order has come down, we ought simply to give evasive answers." Jingyuan said: "We ought first to carry out the inspection." Zixiang flew into a rage, seized Yin and the others in the rear hall, and killed them. Because Jiang Yu's name was not on the memorial, Zixiang wished to spare him, but those who carried out the order had already executed him. When the Emperor heard of it he was enraged and sent Commandant of the Guards Hu Xiezhi, General Who Assails in Raid Yin Lue, and Secretariat Gentleman-in-Attendance Ru Faliang, leading several hundred palace guards, to investigate and seize the lesser culprits. An edict ran: "If Zixiang will bind his own head and surrender, his life may be spared."
56
諧之等至江津，築城燕尾洲，遣傳詔石伯兒入城慰勞。 子響曰：「我不作賊，長史等見負，今政當受殺人罪耳。」 乃殺牛具酒饌，餉臺軍。 而諧之等疑畏，執錄其吏。 子響怒，遣所養數十人收集府州器仗，令二千人從靈溪西渡，克明旦與臺軍對陣南岸。 子響自與百餘人袍騎，將萬鈞弩三四張，宿江堤上。 明日，凶黨與臺軍戰，子響於堤上放弩，亡命王充天等蒙楯陵城，臺軍大敗，尹略死之，官軍引退。 上又遣丹陽尹蕭順之領兵繼至，子響部下恐懼，各逃散，子響乃白服降，賜死。 時年二十二。
Hu Xiezhi and his party reached the Jiang crossing, built a fort on Swallowtail Islet, and sent Imperial Messenger Shi Bo'er into the city with words of comfort. Zixiang said: "I am no rebel—the Chief Administrator and the others wronged me; I should now accept only the penalty for killing men." He then slaughtered oxen, set out food and wine, and sent provisions to the imperial army. But Hu Xiezhi and his men, suspicious and afraid, seized and bound his staff. Zixiang was enraged and sent several dozen of his household retainers to gather the prefectural and provincial armory; he ordered two thousand men to cross Spirit Creek by night and meet the imperial army in battle on the south bank at dawn. Zixiang himself, with more than a hundred men in white robes on horseback, brought three or four ten-thousand-weight crossbows and camped on the river dike. The next day his faction fought the imperial army; Zixiang loosed crossbows from the dike; desperate men led by Wang Chongtian and others, shields raised, stormed the wall—the imperial troops were routed, Yin Lue was killed, and the government army withdrew. The Emperor again sent Prefect of Danyang Xiao Shunzhi with troops in support; Zixiang's followers panicked and scattered; Zixiang then surrendered in white robes and was granted death. He was twenty-two.
57
臨死，啓上曰：「劉寅等入齋檢仗，具如前啓。 臣罪旣山海，分甘斧鉞。 奉勑遣胡諧之、茹法亮賜重勞，其等至，竟無宣旨，便建旗入津，對城南岸築城守。 臣累遣書信喚法亮渡，乞白服相見，其永不肯，羣小懼怖，遂致攻戰，此臣之罪也。 臣此月二十五日束身投軍，希還天闕，停宅一月，臣自取盡，可使齊代無殺子之譏，臣免逆父之謗。 旣不遂心，今便命盡，臨啓哽塞，知復何陳。」 有司奏絕子響屬籍，削爵土，收付廷尉法獄治罪。 賜爲蛸氏。 諸所連坐，別下考論。 贈劉寅侍中，席恭穆輔國將軍、益州刺史，江愈、殷曇粲黃門郎，周彥驍騎將軍。 寅字景蕤，高平人也。 有文義而學不閑世務。 席恭穆，安定焉氏人，關隴豪族。
Facing death he addressed the Emperor: "Liu Yin and the others entered the inner quarters to inspect arms, exactly as in the earlier memorial. My guilt is already mountain-high and sea-deep; I willingly accept the axe. By imperial order Hu Xiezhi and Ru Faliang were sent with great tokens of favor; when they arrived they proclaimed no edict at all but straightway raised banners, entered the crossing, and built a fort on the bank opposite the south gate of the city. I sent letter after letter summoning Faliang to cross the river, begging to meet him in white robes; he would never agree—the lesser men were terrified, and fighting broke out; this is my fault. On the twenty-fifth of this month I bound myself and submitted to the army, hoping to return to the capital, stay at my mansion one month, and then take my own life—so that Qi might escape the reproach of killing a son and I might escape the charge of rebelling against my father. Since that wish was denied, I now end my life; as I write this final memorial my throat chokes shut and I scarcely know what more to say." The relevant offices memorialized to strike Zixiang from the genealogical register, strip his fief and rank, and hand him over to the Director of Justice's prison for punishment under law. He was given the degrading surname Xiao. All who were implicated were separately submitted for investigation and judgment. Liu Yin was posthumously made Palace Attendant; Xi Gongmu was made General Who Supports the State and Governor of Yi Province; Jiang Yu and Yin Tan Can were made Gentlemen of the Yellow Gate; Zhou Yan was made General of the Valiant Cavalry. Yin, courtesy name Jingrao, was a man of Gaoping. He was learned in letters and principles but unskilled in worldly affairs. Xi Gongmu was of the Yan clan of Anding, a powerful Guanlong family.
58
上憐子響死，後遊華林園，見猿對跳子鳴嘯，上留目久之，因嗚咽流涕。 豫章王嶷上表曰：「臣聞將而必戮，炳自《春秋》，罄于甸人，著於《經》《禮》，猶懷不忍之言，尚有如倫之痛。 豈不事因法往，情以恩留。 故庶人蛸子響，識懷靡樹，見淪不逞，肆憤一朝，取陷凶德，遂使迹隣非孝，事近無君，身膏草野，未云塞釁。 但韔矢倒戈，歸罪司戮，卽理原心，亦旣迷而知返。 釁骨不收，辜魂莫赦，撫事惟往，載傷心目。 昔閔榮伏○，愴動墳園； 思荊就辟，側懷丘墓。 皆兩臣釁結於明時，二主議加於盛世，積代用之爲美，歷史不以云非。 伏願一下天矝，爰詔蛸氏，使得安兆末郊，旋窆餘麓，微列葦輤之容，薄申封樹之禮。 豈伊窮骸被德，實且天下歸仁。 臣屬忝皇枝，偏留友睦，以臣繼別未安，子響言承出命，提攜鞠養，俯見成人，雖輟胤蕃條，歸體琁萼，循執之念不移，傅訓之憐何已。 敢冒宸嚴，布此悲乞。」 上不許。 先是貶爲魚復侯。
The Emperor, grieving Zixiang's death, later visited Hualin Garden; when he saw gibbons leaping face to face while a young gibbon cried and wailed, he gazed a long while, then sobbed and wept. Prince of Yuzhang Xiao Luan memorialized: "I have heard that a commander who fails must face execution—this shines forth in the Spring and Autumn Annals; putting criminals to death in the suburbs is recorded in the Classics and Rites; yet even so one still cherishes words of unwillingness and still feels the pain of kinship. Surely affairs follow the law, while feeling lingers where grace has touched. Thus the commoner Zixiang of the Xiao clan, whose mind found no footing and who, seeing himself wronged, could not restrain himself, in a single morning poured out his rage and fell into wicked conduct, so that his conduct bordered on unfiliality and his deeds approached treason; his body greased the wild grass, and the offense was scarcely atoned. Yet he cast aside his bowcase and turned his blades, returning guilt to the executioner; judged by principle and searched to the heart, he had lost his way yet knew to turn back. His guilty bones were not gathered in, his wronged soul received no pardon; as I look back on what passed, it wounds the eye of the heart. In antiquity Min Rong fell on his sword [text damaged: ○], stirring grief at the ancestral graves; Jing Ke, bound for his mission, felt tenderly for the graves at home. Both were ministers whose offenses were sealed in an enlightened age, and both sovereigns deliberated added grace in a flourishing era—successive ages have taken this as admirable, and histories do not call it wrong. I venture to beg that Heaven's grace descend and an edict issue to the Xiao clan, so that he may be laid at the edge of the tomb precinct and buried in what remains of the hills, with slight display of rush-carriage ceremony and modest observance of the rites of planting the grave mound. Would this be only that his poor bones receive grace? In truth the realm would return to humanity. I, your minister, share in the imperial branch yet bear a special bond of friendship; because I gave him in adoption I was uneasy, yet Zixiang spoke of carrying out the command to leave; I raised and nurtured him and watched him grow to manhood—though I yielded an heir on the collateral branch and he returned to the imperial stem, the hand I hold does not loosen, nor the foster father's pity ever end. I dare trespass on the august majesty to lay forth this grief-stricken plea." The Emperor did not grant it. Earlier he had been demoted to Marquis of Yufu.
59
安陸王子敬
Prince of Anlu Zijing
60
安陸王子敬字雲端，世祖第五子也。 初封應城縣公。 ，出爲持節、監南兖兖徐青冀五州、北中郎將、南兖州刺史。 四年，進號右軍。 明年，徙都督荊湘梁雍南北秦六州軍事、平西將軍、荊州刺史，持節如故。 尋進號安西將軍。 七年，徵侍中，護軍將軍。 十年，轉散騎常侍、撫軍將軍、丹陽尹。 十一年，進車騎將軍。 尋給鼓吹一部。 ，遷使持節、都督南兖兖徐青冀五州、征北大將軍、南兖州刺史。 ，加侍中。 高宗除諸蕃王，遣中護軍王玄邈 〈征九江〉 ，王廣之襲殺子敬，時年二十三。
Prince of Anlu Zijing, courtesy name Yunduan, was the fifth son of Emperor Wu. At first he was enfeoffed Duke of Yingcheng. He was sent out as Bearer of the Staff, Supervisor of South Yan, Yan, Xu, Qing, and Ji, General of the North Central Army, and Governor of South Yan. In the fourth year he was promoted to General of the Right. The following year he was transferred to Commissioner over the military affairs of Jing, Xiang, Liang, Yong, and North and South Qin, made General Who Pacifies the West and Governor of Jing Province, while retaining his staff of authority. Soon afterward he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. In the seventh year he was summoned to court as Palace Attendant and General Who Guards the Army. In the tenth year he became Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary, General Who Pacifies the Army, and Prefect of Danyang. In the eleventh year he was promoted to General of the Chariots and Cavalry. Soon afterward he was granted one suite of martial pipes and drums. , he was transferred as Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over South Yan, Yan, Xu, Qing, and Ji, made Grand General Who Campaigns North and Governor of South Yan. , and was additionally appointed Palace Attendant. When Emperor Ming purged the feudatory princes, he sent Central Guardian General Wang Xuanyao 〈Campaign against Jiujiang〉 ; Wang Guangzhi attacked and killed Zijing. He was twenty-three.
61
晉安王子懋
Prince of Jin'an Zimao
62
晉安王子懋字雲昌，世祖第七子也。 初封江陵公。 ，爲持節、都督南豫豫司三州、南中郎將、南豫州刺史。 魚復侯子響爲豫州，子懋解督。 四年，進號征虜將軍。 南豫新置，力役寡少，加子懋領宣城太守。 明年，爲監南兖兖徐青冀五州軍事、後將軍、南兖州刺史，持節如故。 六年，徙監湘州、平南將軍、湘州刺史。 明年，加持節、都督。 八年，進號鎮南將軍。 撰《春秋例苑》三十卷奏之，世祖嘉之，勑付秘閣。 九年，親府州事。 十年，入爲侍中，領右衞將軍。 十一年，遷散騎常侍，中書監。 未拜，仍爲使持節、都督雍梁南北秦四州郢州之竟陵司州之隨郡軍事、征北將軍、雍州刺史，給鼓吹一部。 豫章王喪服未畢，上以邊州須威望，許得奏之。
Prince of Jin'an Zimao, courtesy name Yunchang, was the seventh son of Emperor Wu. At first he was enfeoffed Duke of Jiangling. , he was appointed Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over South Yu, Yu, and Si, General of the South Central Army, and Governor of South Yu. When the Marquis of Yufu Zixiang took charge of Yu Province, Zimao gave up his supervisory role. In the fourth year he was promoted to General Who Campaigns Abroad. Because South Yu had only recently been established and labor levies were few, Zimao was also appointed Administrator of Xuancheng. The following year he became Supervisor of military affairs in South Yan, Yan, Xu, Qing, and Ji, Rear General, and Governor of South Yan, while retaining his staff of authority. In the sixth year he was transferred to Supervisor of Xiang Province, made General Who Pacifies the South, and appointed Governor of Xiang. The following year he was given Bearer of the Staff and made Commissioner. In the eighth year he was promoted to General Who Guards the South. He compiled Exemplary Cases from the Spring and Autumn Annals in thirty scrolls and presented it to the throne; Emperor Wu praised the work and ordered it placed in the imperial archives. In the ninth year he personally managed the affairs of his commandery. In the tenth year he came to court as Palace Attendant and concurrently commanded the Right Guard. In the eleventh year he became Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and Supervisor of the Masters of Writing. Before he took up the appointment, he was again made Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over Yong, Liang, North and South Qin, Jingling in Jing Province, and Suizhou in Si Province, General Who Campaigns North, and Governor of Yong, with one suite of martial pipes and drums. The Prince of Yuzhang had not yet completed mourning, but because the border province needed his prestige, the emperor permitted him to take up the post.
63
鬱林卽位，卽本號爲大將軍。 子懋見幼主新立，密懷自全之計。 令作部造器仗。 陳顯達時爲征虜，屯襄陽，欲脅取以爲將帥。 顯達密啓，高宗徵顯達還。 隆昌元年，遷子懋爲都督江州刺史，留西楚部曲助鎮襄陽，單將白直俠轂自隨。 顯達入別，子懋謂曰：「朝廷令身單身而反，身是天王，豈可過爾輕率。 今猶欲將二三千人自隨，公意何如？」 顯達曰：「殿下若不留部曲，便是大違勑旨，其事不輕。 且此閒人亦難可收用。」 子懋默然，顯達因辭出便發去，子懋計未立，還鎮尋陽。
When the Prince of Yulin took the throne, Zimao was advanced from his current rank to Grand General. Seeing the young emperor newly installed, Zimao secretly laid plans for his own safety. He had workshops forge weapons and armor. Chen Xianda, then General Who Campaigns Abroad, was encamped at Xiangyang and meant to force him into becoming his field commander. Xianda reported in secret, and Emperor Ming recalled him to court. In the first year of Longchang, Zimao was moved to Commissioner of Jiang Province; he left his Western Chu detachments to help hold Xiangyang and went forth alone with a train of white-clad bravos. Xianda came in to bid farewell, and Zimao said, "The court commands me to return by myself. I am a prince of the blood—how can I be so careless. I still want to bring two or three thousand men along. What is your view, sir?" Xianda replied, "If Your Highness keeps your troops, you will seriously defy the imperial command. The matter is grave. Moreover, these men here are scarcely fit to be used." Zimao said nothing. Xianda withdrew and departed immediately; Zimao's scheme was not yet ready, and he went back to hold Xunyang.
64
延興元年，加侍中。 聞鄱陽隨郡二王見殺，欲起兵赴難。 母阮在都，遣書欲密迎上，阮報其兄于瑤之爲計，瑤之馳告高宗。 於是纂嚴，遣平西將軍王廣之南北討，使軍主裴叔業與瑤之先襲尋陽，聲云爲郢州行司馬。 子懋知之，遣三百人守盆城。 叔業泝流直上，至夜回下襲盆城。 城局參軍樂賁開門納之。 子懋率府州兵力，先已具船於稽亭渚，聞叔業得盆城，乃據州自衞。 子懋部曲多雍土人，皆踊躍願奮，叔業畏之，遣于瑤之說子懋曰：「今還都，必無過憂，政當作散官，不失富貴也。」 子懋旣不出兵攻叔業，衆情稍沮。 中兵參軍于琳之，瑤之兄也。 說子懋重賂叔業，子懋使琳之往。 琳之因說叔業請取子懋，叔業遣軍主徐玄慶將四百人隨琳之入州城，僚佐皆奔散，琳之從二百人拔白入齋，子懋罵曰：「小人何忍行此事。」 琳之以袖鄣面，使人害之。 時年二十三。
In the first year of Yanxing he was additionally made Palace Attendant. When he learned that the Princes of Poyang and Suizhou had been slain, he meant to raise an army to go to their rescue. His mother Lady Ruan was in the capital; he wrote wishing to bring her up secretly. She told her elder brother Yu Yaozhi to work out a plan, and Yaozhi rode posthaste to inform Emperor Ming. Orders were tightened at once; Wang Guangzhi, General Who Pacifies the West, was dispatched on a campaign north and south, while the army commander Pei Shuye and Yaozhi were sent ahead to surprise Xunyang, announcing that they were the acting prefect of Ying. Learning of this, Zimao sent three hundred men to defend Pencheng. Shuye sailed upstream, then at night turned back downstream to assault Pencheng. Yue Ben, a staff officer in the city bureau, opened the gates and let him in. Zimao mustered the forces of his prefecture and province; boats had already been readied at Jiting Ford. Hearing that Shuye had seized Pencheng, he barricaded himself in the provincial seat. Many of Zimao's troops were men of Yong, and they all sprang up willing to fight. Shuye was afraid of them and sent Yu Yaozhi to tell Zimao, "Return to the capital now and you will surely have nothing to fear; you will only be given an honorary post and will not lose your fortune and standing. Because Zimao would not march out against Shuye, the troops' spirit slowly faded. Yu Linzhi, Central Army Major, was Yaozhi's younger brother. He persuaded Zimao to offer Shuye a heavy bribe, and Zimao dispatched Linzhi. Linzhi then persuaded Shuye to take Zimao captive. Shuye sent the army commander Xu Xuanqing with four hundred men to enter the provincial city with Linzhi; the officials all fled. Linzhi entered the residence with two hundred men, blades bare. Zimao railed at him: "How can a base fellow endure to do this. Linzhi hid his face in his sleeve and had him slain. He was twenty-three.
65
初，子懋鎮雍，世祖勑以邊略曰：「吾比連得諸處啓，所說不異，虜必無敢送死理，然爲其備，不可蹔懈。 今秋犬羊輩越逸者，其亡滅之徵。 吾今亦行密纂集，須有分明指的，便當有大處分。 今普勑鎮守，竝部偶民丁，有事卽便應接運，已勑更遣，想行有至者，汝共諸人量覔，可使人數往南陽舞陰諸要處參覘。 糧食最爲根本，更不憂人仗，常行視驛亭馬，不可有廢闕。 并約語諸州，當其堺皆爾，不如法，卽問事。」 又曰：「吾勑荊、郢二鎮，各作五千人陣，本擬應接彼耳。 賊若送死者，更卽呼取之。 已勑子真，魚繼宗、殷公愍至鎮，可以公愍爲城主，三千人配之便足。 汝可好以階級在意，勿得人求，或超五三階。 及文章詩筆，乃是佳事，然世務彌爲根本，可常憶之。 汝所啓仗，此悉是吾左右御仗也，云何得用之。 品格不可乖，吾自當優量覔送。」 先是啓求所好書，上又曰：「知汝常以書讀在心，足爲深欣也。」 賜子懋杜預手所定《左傳》及《古今善言》。
Earlier, while Zimao held Yong, Emperor Wu wrote him on frontier strategy: "Reports have been arriving in steady succession from every post, all alike: the northerners surely will not come seeking death—yet prepare against them and do not slacken for an instant. When the dog-and-goat rabble break loose this autumn, it will be the omen of their destruction. I am mustering in secret as well; once we have a definite aim, I shall act on a large scale at once. I have now ordered all frontier commands to levy corvée laborers in pairs; if trouble arises, supply and transport must respond immediately. More troops are already on the way. You and your staff should judge the situation and send men to the critical points at Nanyang and Wuyin to observe. Grain is the foundation; arms are secondary. Keep checking the post-station horses and let none fall idle. Tell every province as well that the border districts must all follow this rule; whoever fails will answer for it." He added, "I have ordered the Jing and Ying commands each to form formations of five thousand men, meant to reinforce that theater. If the enemy actually comes to fight, call them up immediately. I have instructed Zizhen; Yu Jizong and Yin Gongmin will reach your post. Make Gongmin city commander—three thousand men allotted to him are enough. Watch rank and grade carefully; do not promote men on request by five or three steps at once. Essays, verse, and the brush are worthy pursuits, but state business is the root—remember that constantly. The weapons you asked for are all from my own guard—how could you take them? Do not bend the standards of quality; I shall personally choose and send what is fitting." Earlier he had asked for favorite books, and the emperor also wrote, "Knowing you keep study close to your heart gives me great joy. He bestowed on Zimao Du Yu's own recension of the Zuo Tradition and Good Words Ancient and Modern.
66
隨郡王子隆
Prince of Suizhou Zilong
67
隨郡王子隆字雲興，世祖第八子也。 有文才。 初封枝江公。 ，爲輔國將軍、南琅邪彭城二郡太守。 明年，遷江州刺史，未拜，唐宇之賊平，遷爲持節、督會稽東陽新安臨海永嘉五郡、東中郎將、會稽太守。 遷長兼中書令。
Prince of Suizhou Zilong, courtesy name Yunxing, was the eighth son of Emperor Wu. He possessed literary talent. At first he was enfeoffed Duke of Zhijiang. , he was made General Who Supports the State and Administrator of South Langye and Pengcheng. The following year he was moved to Jiang Province; before taking office, the outlaw Tang Yuzhi was suppressed, and he was transferred to Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over Kuaiji, Dongyang, Xin'an, Linhai, and Yongjia, General of the East Central Army, and Administrator of Kuaiji. He was moved to serve concurrently as Director of the Masters of Writing.
68
子隆娶尚書令王儉女爲妃，上以子隆能屬文，謂儉曰：「我家東阿也。」 儉曰：「東阿重出，實爲皇家蕃屏。」 未及拜，仍遷中護軍，轉侍中、左衞將軍。 八年，代魚復侯子響爲使持節、都督荊雍梁寧南北秦六州、鎮西將軍、荊州刺史，給鼓吹一部。 其年，始興王鑑罷益州，進號督益州。 九年，親府州事。 十一年，晉安王子懋爲雍州，子隆復解督。 鬱林立，進號征西將軍。 隆昌元年，爲侍中、撫軍將軍，領兵置佐。 延興元年，轉中軍大將軍，侍中如故。
Zilong took as consort the daughter of Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Jian. The emperor, noting Zilong's literary skill, told Jian, "We have another Dong'e in the family. Jian replied, "Dong'e born again—indeed a screen for the royal house. Before he took up the appointment, he became Central Guardian General, then Palace Attendant and General of the Left Guard. In the eighth year he succeeded the Marquis of Yufu Zixiang as Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over Jing, Yong, Liang, Ning, and North and South Qin, General Who Guards the West, and Governor of Jing, with one suite of martial pipes and drums. That same year the Prince of Shixing gave up Yi Province, and he was further made Commissioner of Yi. In the ninth year he personally managed the affairs of his commandery. In the eleventh year, when Prince of Jin'an Zimao received Yong Province, Zilong again gave up his supervisory role. When the Prince of Yulin took the throne, he was promoted to General Who Campaigns West. In the first year of Longchang he became Palace Attendant and General Who Pacifies the Army, with troops and aides assigned. In the first year of Yanxing he was moved to Grand General of the Central Army while remaining Palace Attendant.
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子隆年二十一，而體過充壯，常服蘆茹丸以自銷損。 高宗輔政，謀害諸王，世祖諸子中，子隆最以才貌見憚，故與鄱陽王鏘同夜先見殺。 文集行於世。
Though only twenty-one, Zilong was excessively stout; he often swallowed rush-root pills to slim himself. Emperor Ming, as regent, schemed against the princes; of Emperor Wu's sons, Zilong was most dreaded for ability and appearance, and so he and the Prince of Poyang were slain the same night before the rest. His literary collection circulated publicly.
70
建安王子真
Prince of Jian'an Zizhen
71
建安王子真字雲仙，世祖第九子也。 ，爲輔國將軍、南琅邪彭城二郡太守。 遷持節、督南豫司二州軍事、冠軍將軍、南豫州刺史，領宣城太守。 進號南中郎將。 六年，以府州稍實，表解領郡。 七年，進號右將軍，遷丹陽尹，將軍如故。 轉左衞將軍。 （七） 年，遷中護軍，仍出爲持節、都督郢司二州軍事、平西將軍、郢州刺史。 鬱林立，進號安西將軍。 隆昌元年，爲散騎常侍、護軍將軍。 延興元年，轉鎮軍將軍，領兵置佐，常侍如故。 其年見殺，年十九。
Prince of Jian'an Zizhen, courtesy name Yunxian, was the ninth son of Emperor Wu. , he was made General Who Supports the State and Administrator of South Langye and Pengcheng. He was transferred to Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over South Yu and Si, General Who Champions, and Governor of South Yu, while also holding Xuancheng. He was promoted to General of the South Central Army. In the sixth year, as his provincial staff had become somewhat full, he asked to give up the concurrent prefecture. In the seventh year he was promoted to General of the Right and made Prefect of Danyang, keeping his military title. He was moved to General of the Left Guard. In the seventh year , he was transferred to Central Guardian General, then went out as Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over Ying and Si, General Who Pacifies the West, and Governor of Ying. When the Prince of Yulin took the throne, he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. In the first year of Longchang he became Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and General Who Guards the Army. In the first year of Yanxing he was moved to General Who Guards the Army with troops and aides assigned, while remaining Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary. That year he was slain. He was nineteen.
72
西陽王子明
Prince of Xiyang Ziming
73
西陽王子明字雲光，世祖第十子也。 ，封武昌王。 三年，失國璽，改封西陽。 六年，爲持節、都督南兖兖徐青冀五州軍事、冠軍將軍、南兖州刺史。 八年，進號征虜將軍。 十年，進左將軍，仍爲督會稽東陽臨海永嘉新安五郡軍事、會稽太守，將軍如故。 子明風姿明淨，士女觀者，咸嗟嘆之。 鬱林初，進號平東將軍。 隆昌元年，爲右將軍、中書令。 延興元年，遷侍中，領驍騎將軍，右軍如故。 建武元年，轉撫軍將軍，領兵置佐。 二年，誅蕭諶，誣子明及弟子罕子貞與諶同謀，見害。 年十七。
Prince of Xiyang Ziming, courtesy name Yunguang, was the tenth son of Emperor Wu. , he was enfeoffed Prince of Wuchang. In the third year he lost the imperial state seal and was re-enfeoffed Prince of Xiyang. In the sixth year he became Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over Southern Yanzhou, Yanzhou, Xuzhou, Qingzhou, and Jizhou, General Who Champions, and Governor of Southern Yanzhou. In the eighth year he was promoted to General Who Punishes the Barbarians. In the tenth year he was promoted to General of the Left and made Commissioner over Kuaiji, Dongyang, Linhai, Yongjia, and Xin'an, with the post of Administrator of Kuaiji, keeping his military title. Ziming's bearing was bright and pure; men and women who glimpsed him all sighed in admiration. When the Prince of Yulin first took the throne, he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the East. In the first year of Longchang he became General of the Right and Secretariat Director. In the first year of Yanxing he was moved to Palace Attendant and General of the Valiant Cavalry while remaining General of the Right. In the first year of Jianwu he was moved to General Who Guards the Army, with troops and staff assigned. In the second year Xiao Chen was put to death; Ziming and his nephews Zihan and Zizhen were framed as Chen's co-conspirators and slain. He was seventeen.
74
南海王子罕
Prince of Nanhai Zihan
75
南海王子罕字雲華，世祖第十一子也。 永明六年，爲北中郎將、南琅邪彭城二郡太守。 上初以白下地帶江山，徙琅邪郡自金城治之，子罕始鎮此城。 十年，爲持節、都督南兖兖徐青冀五州軍事、征虜將軍、南兖州刺史。 鬱林卽位，進號後將軍。 ，遷散騎常侍、右衞將軍。 ，轉護軍將軍。 二年，見殺。 年十七。
Prince of Nanhai Zihan, courtesy name Yunhua, was the eleventh son of Emperor Wu. In Yongming year 6 he was made General of the North Central Army and Administrator of South Langye and Pengcheng. The Emperor first, because the lower Bai lands command hills and rivers, moved Langye commandery to be administered from Jincheng; Zihan was the first to hold that city. In the tenth year he became Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over Southern Yanzhou, Yanzhou, Xuzhou, Qingzhou, and Jizhou, General Who Punishes the Barbarians, and Governor of Southern Yanzhou. When the Prince of Yulin took the throne, he was promoted to General of the Rear. , he was transferred to Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and General of the Right Guard. , he was moved to General Who Guards the Army. In the second year he was slain. He was seventeen.
76
巴陵王子倫
Prince of Baling Zilun
77
巴陵王子倫字雲宗，世祖第十三子也。 永明七年，爲持節、都督南豫司二州軍事、南中郎將、南豫州刺史。 十年，遷北中郎將、南琅邪彭城二郡太守。 鬱林卽位，以南彭城祿力優厚，奪子倫與中書舍人綦母珍之，更以南蘭陵代之。 ，遷散騎常侍、左將軍。 ，遣中書舍人茹法亮殺子倫，子倫正衣冠出受詔，曰：「鳥之將死，其鳴也哀； 人之將死，其言也善。 先朝昔滅劉氏，今日之事，理數固然。 君是身家舊人，今銜此使，當由事不獲已。」 法亮不敢荅而退。 年十六。
Prince of Baling Zilun, courtesy name Yunzong, was the thirteenth son of Emperor Wu. In Yongming year 7 he became Bearer of the Staff, Commissioner over South Yu and Si, General of the South Central Army, and Governor of South Yu. In the tenth year he was moved to General of the North Central Army and Administrator of South Langye and Pengcheng. When the Prince of Yulin took the throne, because South Pengcheng's income was especially rich, Zilun was deprived of it and it was given to the Secretariat Attendant Qimu Zhenzhi, with South Lanling put in its place. , he was transferred to Cavalier Attendant-in-Ordinary and General of the Left. , the Secretariat Attendant Ru Faliang was sent to kill Zilun. Zilun dressed properly and came out to receive the edict, saying: "When a bird is about to die, its cry is mournful; when a man is about to die, his words are good. The former court once destroyed the Liu house; today's affair is only fate running its course. You are a man of our household from of old; now you carry this charge — it must be that the affair cannot be helped." Faliang dared not reply and withdrew. He was sixteen.
78
邵陵王子貞
Prince of Shaoling Zizhen
79
邵陵王子貞字雲松，世祖第十四子也。 ，爲東中郎將、吳郡太守。 鬱林卽位，進號征虜將軍，還爲後將軍。 ，見誅。 年十五。
Prince of Shaoling Zizhen, courtesy name Yunsong, was the fourteenth son of Emperor Wu. , in Yongming year 10 he was made General of the Eastern Central Army and Administrator of Wu Commandery. When the Prince of Yulin took the throne, he was promoted to General Who Punishes the Barbarians, then made General of the Rear again. , and in Jianwu year 2 he was executed. He was fifteen.
80
臨賀王子岳
Prince of Linhe Ziyue
81
臨賀王子岳字雲嶠，世祖第十六子也。 永明七年封。 高宗誅世祖諸子，唯子岳及弟六人在後，世呼爲七王。 朔望入朝，上還後宮，輙嘆息曰：「我及司徒諸兒子皆不長，高、武子孫日長大。」 永泰元年，上疾甚，絕而復蘇。 於是誅子岳等。 延興建武中，凡三誅諸王，每一行事，高宗輙先燒香火，嗚咽涕泣，衆以此輙知其夜當相殺戮也。 子岳死時，年十四。
Prince of Linhe Ziyue, courtesy name Yunqiao, was the sixteenth son of Emperor Wu. He received his enfeoffment in Yongming year 7. When Emperor Ming killed Emperor Wu's sons, only Ziyue and six younger brothers were left; the age called them the Seven Princes. On the new and full moon when he attended court, after the Emperor returned to the inner quarters he would sigh and say: "My sons and the Minister over the Masses' sons are none of them tall, while the Gao and Wu descendants grow taller every day." In the first year of Yongtai the Emperor grew gravely ill, stopped breathing, then came back to life. Then Ziyue and the others were put to death. During Yanxing and Jianwu, princes were killed in three waves; before each round Emperor Ming would burn incense first and weep aloud, and the court knew from this that slaughter would come that night. When Ziyue died he was fourteen.
82
五王
The Five Princes
83
西陽王子文字雲儒，世祖第十七子也。 ，封蜀郡王。 建武中，改封西陽王。 永泰元年，見殺。 年十四。
Prince of Xiyang Ziwen, courtesy name Yunru, was the seventeenth son of Emperor Wu. , in Yongming year 7 he was enfeoffed Prince of Shu Commandery. During Jianwu he was re-enfeoffed Prince of Xiyang. In the first year of Yongtai he was slain. He was fourteen.
84
衡陽王子峻字雲嵩，世祖第十八子也。 永明七年，封廣漢郡王。 建武中，改封。 永泰元年，見殺。 年十四。
Prince of Hengyang Zijun, courtesy name Yunsong, was the eighteenth son of Emperor Wu. In Yongming year 7 he was enfeoffed Prince of Guanghan Commandery. During Jianwu his enfeoffment was changed. In the first year of Yongtai he was slain. He was fourteen.
85
南康王子琳字雲璋，世祖第十九子也。 母荀氏，盛寵。 子琳鍾愛。 永明七年，封宣城王。 明年，上改南康公褚蓁以封子琳。 永泰元年，見殺。 年十四。
Prince of Nankang Zilin, courtesy name Yunzhang, was the nineteenth son of Emperor Wu. His mother, Lady Gou, was greatly favored. Zilin was doted upon. In Yongming year 7 he was enfeoffed Prince of Xuancheng. The next year the Emperor changed the Nankang dukedom held by Chu Qin and used it to enfeoff Zilin as Prince of Nankang. In the first year of Yongtai he was slain. He was fourteen.
86
湘東王子建字雲立，世祖第二十一子也。 母謝氏，無寵，世祖度爲尼。 高宗卽位，使還母。 子建永泰元年見殺，年十三。
Prince of Xiangdong Zijian, courtesy name Yunli, was the twenty-first son of Emperor Wu. His mother, Lady Xie, was without favor; Emperor Wu had her take the tonsure. When Emperor Ming took the throne, he restored her to Zijian as his mother. Zijian was slain in Yongtai year 1. He was thirteen.
87
南郡王子夏字雲廣，世祖第二十三子也。 上春秋高，子夏最幼，寵愛過諸子。 初，世祖夢金翅鳥下殿庭，搏食小龍無數，乃飛上天。 永泰元年，子夏誅。 年七歲。
Prince of Nan Zixia, courtesy name Yunguang, was the twenty-third son of Emperor Wu. The Emperor was old; Zixia was the youngest and was loved more than all his other sons. Earlier Emperor Wu dreamed that a golden-winged bird came down into the palace courtyard, seized and devoured countless small dragons, then flew up to heaven. In the first year of Yongtai Zixia was put to death. He was seven.
88
【評贊】
Appraisal
89
史臣曰：民之勞逸，隨所遭遇，習以成性，有識斯同。 帝王子弟，生長尊貴，薪禽之道未知，富厚之圖已極。 齠年稚齒，養器深宮，習趨拜之儀，受文句之學，坐躡搢紳，傍絕交友，情偽之事，不經耳目，憂懼之道，未涉胷衿，雖卓爾天悟，自得懷抱，孤寡爲識，所陋猶多。 朝出閫閨，暮司方岳，帝子臨州，親民尚小，年序次第，宜屏皇家，防驕剪逸，積代恒典，平允之情，操捶貽慮。 故輔以上佐，簡自帝心，勞舊左右，用爲主帥，州國府第，先令後行，飲食遊居，動應聞啓，端拱守祿，遵承法度，張弛之要，莫敢厝言，行事執其權，典籤掣其肘，苟利之義未申，專違之咎已及。 處地雖重，行己莫由，威不在身，恩未接下，倉卒一朝，艱難總集，望其釋位扶危，不可得矣。 路溫舒云：「秦有十失，其一尚存。」 斯宋氏之餘風，在齊而彌弊也。
The historiographer says: Whether people labor or rest follows what they meet; habit becomes nature, and the clear-sighted agree. Sons of emperors and kings are reared in exalted rank; they do not know the ways of fuel and fowl, yet the map of riches is already at its end. In childhood they are raised in the deep palace, trained in bowing and yielding, taught lines from the classics, seated among gentry with no friends near them; the business of truth and sham never passes their eyes and ears, the road of worry and dread never enters their breast. Though exceptionally gifted by Heaven and sure of their own minds, their knowledge is solitary — how much they still lack. They leave the inner quarters at dawn and by dusk command a province; an imperial son governs a region while the people are still young; by age and order he should stand apart from the royal house — guarding against pride, cutting off license — the constant rule of former ages, the fair fear that the rod may be handed on. So they are aided by senior assistants chosen from the emperor's heart, old retainers at the left and right made commanders; in the province or princely mansion orders precede action, in food and travel every move must be reported; they sit straight, keeping their salary and following the law — none dares speak on loosening or tightening; the acting official holds the power, the registry clerk tugs their elbow; where petty gain is not granted, the blame for acting alone is already incurred. Though their position was weighty, they could not act as they wished; awe was not in their persons, favor had not reached those below; in one sudden morning hardship gathered all together — to hope they would leave office and steady the crisis was impossible. Lu Wenshu said: "Qin had ten failings; one yet remains." This was a surviving wind of the Song house, and in Qi it grew only more corrupt.
90
贊曰：武十七王，文宣令望，愛才悅古，仁信溫良，宗英是寄，遺惠未忘。 廬陵犯色，安陸括囊。 晉安早悟，隨郡雕章。 建賀湘海，二陵二陽，幼蕃盛寵，南郡南康。
Praise says: Emperor Wu's seventeen princes — / the Cultured and Propagating's fair renown; / loving talent, delighting in the old, / humane, faithful, warm and mild; / the clan's finest were their charge, / their lingering grace not yet forgotten. Luling offended in color; Anlu bound up his words. Jin'an woke early; Suichun carved his style. Jian'an, Linhe, Xianghai — / two Baling, two Xiyang; / young scions in lavish favor — / Nan and Nankang.
92
案
Note