1
王奐
Wang Huan
2
王奐字彥孫，琅邪臨沂人也。 祖僧朗，宋左光祿、儀同。 父粹，黃門郎。 奐出繼從祖中書令球，故字彥孫。
Wang Huan, whose style name was Yansun, came from Linyi in Langya Commandery. His grandfather Senglang had been Left Director of the Imperial Secretariat in the Song, with commissioner rank equal to the Three Excellencies. His father Cui had served as Gentleman at the Yellow Gate. Huan had been given in adoption to succeed his father's cousin Qiu, Secretariat Director, and therefore took the style name Yansun.
3
解褐著作佐郎，太子舍人，安陸王冠軍主簿，太子洗馬，本州別駕，中書郎，桂陽王司空諮議，黃門郎。 元徽元年，爲晉熙王征虜長史、江夏內史，遷侍中，領步兵校尉。 復出爲晉熙王鎮西長史，加冠軍將軍、江夏武昌太守。 徵祠部尚書，轉掌吏部。
Upon taking his first office he served successively as Assistant Editor in the Secretariat, Attendant in the Heir Apparent's Household, chief clerk to the Champion General in Prince Anlu's household, Groom in the Heir Apparent's Household, provincial aide in his home commandery, Secretariat Gentleman, adviser to the Minister of Works for Prince Guiyang, and Gentleman at the Yellow Gate. In the first year of the Yuanhui era he was made chief administrator to the General Who Subdues the Barbarians for the Prince of Jinxi and Interior Administrator of Jiangxia, then promoted to Palace Attendant while retaining the post of Colonel of the Footsoldiers. He was again sent out as chief administrator to the General Who Guards the West for the Prince of Jinxi, with the additional rank of General Who Establishes Valor and the posts of Grand Administrator of Jiangxia and Wuchang. He was recalled to serve as Minister of the Imperial Clan and then put in charge of the Ministry of Personnel.
4
昇明初，遷冠軍將軍、丹陽尹。 初，王晏父普曜爲沈攸之長史，常慮攸之舉事，不得還。 時奐爲吏部，轉普曜爲內職，晏深德之。 及晏仕世祖府，奐從弟蘊反，世祖謂晏曰：「王奐宋家外戚，王蘊親同逆黨，旣其羣從，豈能無異意。 我欲具以啓聞。」 晏叩頭曰：「王奐脩謹，保無異志。 晏父母在都，請以爲質。」 世祖乃止。
At the opening of the Shengming era he was transferred to General Who Establishes Valor and Intendant of Danyang. Earlier, Wang Yan's father Puyao had served as chief administrator to Shen Youzhi and had long worried that Youzhi would rebel and that he would never get home. When Huan headed the Ministry of Personnel he transferred Puyao to a capital post, for which Yan felt deep gratitude. When Yan took office in Emperor Shizu's princely household, Huan's cousin Yun rose in rebellion. Shizu said to Yan, "Wang Huan is a Song imperial in-law, and Wang Yun is close kin to the rebels. Men of the same clan—how can they not harbor divided loyalties? I intend to lay the whole matter before the throne." Yan kowtowed and said, "Wang Huan is scrupulous and restrained; I warrant that he harbors no disloyal intent. My parents are in the capital—let them stand as hostages for him." Shizu thereupon dropped the matter.
5
出爲吳興太守，秩中二千石，將軍如故。 尋進號征虜將軍。 ，進號左將軍。 明年，遷太常，領鄱陽王師，仍轉侍中，祕書監，領驍騎將軍。 又遷征虜將軍、臨川王鎮西長史、領南蠻校尉、南郡內史。 奐一歲三遷，上表固讓南蠻曰：「今天地初辟，萬物載新，荊蠻來威，巴濮不擾。 但使邊民樂業，有司脩務，本府舊州，日就殷阜。 臣昔遊西土，較見盈虛，兼日者戎燼之後，痍毀難復。 雖復緝以善政，未及來蘇。 今復割撤大府，制置偏校，崇望不足以助強，語實安能以相弊？ 且資力旣分，職司增廣，衆勞務倍，文案滋煩。 非獨臣見其難，竊以爲國計非允。」 見許。 於是罷南蠻校尉官。 進號前將軍。
He was sent out as Grand Administrator of Wuxing at the middle two-thousand-picul rank, retaining his general's title. Before long his designation was raised to General Who Subdues the Barbarians. He was then advanced in rank to General of the Left. The following year he was appointed Minister of Ceremonies and tutor to the Prince of Poyang, then moved to Palace Attendant and Director of the Secretariat while retaining the post of General of Valiant Cavalry. He was again transferred to General Who Subdues the Barbarians, chief administrator to the General Who Guards the West for the Prince of Linchuan, and concurrently Colonel of the Southern Barbarians and Interior Administrator of Nan Commandery. Huan changed posts three times in a single year. He submitted a memorial firmly declining the post of Colonel of the Southern Barbarians, writing, "Heaven and earth have only just been renewed and all things put on a fresh footing; the barbarians of Jing have submitted, and Ba and Pu are untroubled. If the border people are left to prosper in their work and the responsible offices carry out their duties, this old provincial seat of our headquarters grows more prosperous by the day. Your servant once traveled in the western regions and saw for himself how prosperity and ruin alternate; and since the recent wars, the devastation has been so severe that recovery is still difficult. Even with good government binding the wounds, the land has not yet returned to life. To carve off yet another command from the great headquarters and set up a separate colonel's office—an exalted title will not make the region stronger; in plain truth, how can splitting authority do anything but weaken it? Once resources and manpower are divided, offices and duties multiply, the people's burdens double, and paperwork becomes ever more oppressive. It is not only that your servant foresees the difficulty—I venture to believe the plan ill serves the state." His request was granted. The post of Colonel of the Southern Barbarians was accordingly abolished. He was advanced in rank to General of the Van.
6
世祖卽位，徵右僕射。 仍轉使持節監湘州軍事、前將軍、湘州刺史。 ，徙爲散騎常侍、江州刺史。 初省江州軍府。 四年，遷右僕射，本州中正。 奐無學術，以事幹見處。 遷尚書僕射，中正如故。 校籍郎王植屬吏部郎孔琇之以校籍令史俞公喜求進署，矯稱奐意，植坐免官。
When Shizu ascended the throne, Huan was recalled as Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat. He was soon transferred to bearer of the staff of authority supervising military affairs in Xiang Province, with the ranks of General of the Van and Governor of Xiang Province. He was then transferred to Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and Governor of Jiang Province. On this occasion the military headquarters of Jiang Province was abolished for the first time. In the fourth year he was appointed Right Vice Director and provincial rectifier for his home commandery. Huan had no scholarly training but was advanced on account of his executive talent. He was promoted to Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat while retaining his post as rectifier. The registrar Wang Zhi, acting under Ministry of Personnel Gentleman Kong Xiuzhi, had registrar clerk Yu Gongxi seek a promotion while falsely invoking Huan's authority; Zhi was dismissed from office.
7
六年，遷散騎常侍，領軍將軍。 奐欲請車駕幸府。 上晚信佛法，御膳不宰牲。 使王晏謂奐曰：「吾前去年爲斷殺事，不復幸詣大臣已判，無容欻爾也。」 王儉卒，上用奐爲尚書令，以問王晏。 晏位遇已重，與奐不能相推，答上曰：「柳世隆有重望，恐不宜在奐後。」 乃轉爲左僕射，加給事中，出爲使持節、散騎常侍、都督雍梁南北秦四州郢州之竟陵司州之隨郡軍事、鎮北將軍、雍州刺史。 上謂王晏曰：「奐於釋氏，實自專至。 其在鎮或以此妨務，卿相見言次及之，勿道吾意也。」 上以行北諸戍士卒多襤縷，送褶三千具，令奐分賦之。
In the sixth year he was made Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and General of the Guards. Huan wished to invite the emperor to visit his residence. In his later years the emperor had come to believe in Buddhism and would not have animals slaughtered for the imperial table. He sent Wang Yan to tell Huan, "These past years I have given up slaughter for my meals and no longer visit the homes of high ministers; that policy is fixed—there is no room for a sudden exception." When Wang Jian died, the emperor wished to appoint Huan Director of the Imperial Secretariat and asked Wang Yan's opinion. Yan's standing was already great, and he and Huan could not readily yield to each other; he answered, "Liu Shilong commands great prestige—it would hardly be fitting to rank him below Huan." Huan was therefore made Left Vice Director with the added post of Attendant Within the Gates, then sent out as bearer of the staff of authority, Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry, commander of military affairs in Yong, Liang, Northern Qin, Southern Qin, Jingling in Jing Province, and Suixiang in Si Province, General Who Guards the North, and Governor of Yong Province. The emperor said to Wang Yan, "Huan's devotion to Buddhism is truly excessive. In his province he may let it interfere with his duties; when you see him, mention it in passing—but do not say it came from me." Because the garrison troops on the northern marches were mostly in rags, the emperor sent three thousand pairs of trousers for Huan to distribute among them.
8
十一年，奐輙殺寧蠻長史劉興祖，上大怒，使御史中丞孔稚珪奏其事曰：
In the eleventh year Huan killed on his own authority Liu Xingzu, chief administrator of the Pacification of the Barbarians. The emperor was furious and ordered Imperial Censor Kong Zhigui to memorialize the case as follows:
9
:雍州刺史王奐啓錄小府長史劉興祖，虛稱「興祖扇動山蠻，規生逆謀，誑言誹謗，言辭不遜」。 敕使送興祖下都，奐慮所啓欺妄，於獄打殺興祖，詐啓稱自經死。 止今體傷楗蒼，事暴聞聽。
The Governor of Yong Province, Wang Huan, reported and had arrested his minor headquarters chief administrator Liu Xingzu, falsely charging that "Xingzu has incited the mountain barbarians, plotted rebellion, spread slanderous falsehoods, and spoken insubordinately." An imperial order directed that Xingzu be sent to the capital; fearing that his report would be exposed as false, Huan beat him to death in prison and falsely reported that he had hanged himself. Even now the wounds on the body are plain for all to see, and the affair has come to the court's attention.
10
:攝興祖門生劉倪到臺辨問，列「興祖與奐共事，不能相和。 自去年朱公恩領軍征蠻失利，興祖啓聞，以啓呈奐，奐因此便相嫌恨。 若云興祖有罪，便應事在民間； 民間恬然，都無事迹。 去十年九月十八日，奐使仗身三十人來，稱敕錄興祖付獄。 安定郡蠻先在郡贓私，興祖旣知其取與，卽牒啓，奐不問。 興祖後執錄，奐仍令蠻領仗身於獄守視。 興祖未死之前，於獄以物畫漆柈子中出密報家，道無罪，令啓乞出都一辨，萬死無恨」。 又云：「奐駐興祖嚴禁信使，欲作方便，殺以除口舌。」 又云：「奐意乃可。 奐第三息彪隨奐在州，凡事是非皆干豫，扇構密除興祖。」 又云：「興祖家餉糜，中下藥，食兩口便覺，回乞獄子，食者皆大利。 興祖大呌道『糜中有藥』。 近獄之家，無人不聞。」 又云：「奐治著興祖日急，判無濟理。 十一月二十一日，奐使獄吏來報興祖家，道興祖於獄自經死。 尸出，家人共洗浴之，見興祖頸下有傷，肩胛烏，陰下破碎，實非興祖自經死。 家人及門義共見，非是一人。」 重攝檢雍州都留田文喜，列與倪符同狀。
Xingzu's student Liu Ni was brought to the capital for questioning and testified that "Xingzu and Huan served together but could not get along. Last year Zhu Gong'en led a campaign against the barbarians and met defeat; Xingzu reported this and presented the report to Huan, who thereafter bore him a grudge. If Xingzu were truly guilty, the matter should have been known among the people; yet among the people all was calm and no such facts existed. On the eighteenth day of the ninth month two years ago, Huan sent thirty armed attendants who claimed an imperial order to arrest Xingzu and commit him to prison. A barbarian of Anding Commandery had earlier committed private graft in the prefecture; Xingzu, knowing the details of his bribes, at once submitted a written report, but Huan made no inquiry. After Xingzu was arrested, Huan still had that barbarian lead armed attendants to guard him in prison. Before he died, Xingzu scratched a secret message on a lacquered tray in prison and sent it to his family, declaring his innocence and asking them to petition that he be brought to the capital for a hearing—he would accept any punishment without regret." He also said, "Huan placed Xingzu under strict guard and cut off messengers, intending to seize an opportunity to kill him and silence him." He also said, "That was indeed Huan's intent. Huan's third son Biao was with him in the province and meddled in every decision, inciting plots to have Xingzu secretly eliminated." He also said, "Xingzu's family sent gruel in which poison had been placed; after two mouthfuls he fell ill and begged the jailer—everyone who ate of it was violently purged. Xingzu cried out, 'There is poison in the gruel!' Every household near the prison heard it." He also said, "Huan pressed Xingzu harder day by day; plainly there was no hope of survival. On the twenty-first day of the eleventh month, Huan sent prison clerks to tell Xingzu's family that he had hanged himself in prison. When the body was brought out, the family washed it together and found wounds on the neck, blackened shoulders, and shattered private parts—clearly he had not died by hanging. Family and retainers alike witnessed it—many people, not one alone." Tian Wenxi, who had remained in Yong Province, was examined again; his testimony matched Ni's in every detail.
11
:興祖在獄，嗛苦望下，旣蒙降旨，欣願始遂，豈容於此，方復自經？ 敕以十九日至，興祖以二十一日死，推理檢迹，灼然矯假。 尋敕使送下，奐輙拒詔，所謗諸條，悉出奐意。 毀故丞相若陳顯達，誹訕朝事，莫此之深。 彪私隨父之鎮，敢亂王法，罪竝合窮戮。
Xingzu in prison had suffered bitterly while awaiting the court's mercy; having received the gracious decree, his long hope was at last fulfilled—how could he at that moment take his own life? The decree arrived on the nineteenth and Xingzu died on the twenty-first; weighed by reason and evidence, the fraud is glaringly clear. An imperial messenger was shortly to escort him to the capital, yet Huan defied the decree. Every charge of slander came entirely from Huan's own design. He slandered the late Chancellor Chen Xianda and reviled the court—nothing could be more grave. Biao had followed his father to the province without authorization and dared to violate the law—his crimes together warrant the utmost penalty.
12
上遣中書舍人呂文顯、直閤將軍曹道剛領齋仗五百人收奐。 敕鎮西司馬曹虎從江陵步道會襄陽。
The emperor sent Palace Gentleman Lu Wenxian and Direct Gate General Cao Daogang with five hundred palace guards to arrest Huan. He ordered Chief Administrator Cao Hu of the General Who Guards the West to march overland from Jiangling and rendezvous at Xiangyang.
13
奐子彪素凶剽，奐不能制。 女婿殷叡懼禍，謂奐曰：「曹、呂今來，旣不見真敕，恐爲姦變，政宜錄取，馳啓聞耳。」 奐納之。 彪輙令率州內得千餘人，開鎮庫，取仗，配衣甲，出南堂陳兵，閉門拒守。 奐門生鄭羽叩頭啓奐，乞出城迎臺使。 奐曰：「我不作賊，欲先遣啓自申。 政恐曹、呂輩小人相陵藉，故且閉門自守耳。」 彪遂出與虎軍戰，其黨范虎領二百人降臺軍，彪敗走歸。 土人起義攻州西門，彪登門拒戰，却之。 奐司馬黃瑤起、寧蠻長史裴叔業於城內起兵攻奐。 奐聞兵入，還內禮佛，未及起，軍人遂斬之。 年五十九。 執彪及弟爽、弼、殷叡，皆伏誅。
Huan's son Biao had always been fierce and violent, and Huan could not control him. His son-in-law Yin Rui, fearing disaster, said to Huan, "Cao and Lu have come without showing the true decree—I fear treachery; you should arrest them at once and send an urgent report to the throne. Huan accepted the advice. Biao at once mustered more than a thousand men in the province, opened the headquarters arsenal, issued arms and armor, drew up troops in the southern hall, closed the gates, and prepared to resist. Huan's student Zheng Yu kowtowed and begged Huan to go out and welcome the envoys from the capital. Huan said, "I am no rebel; I wish first to send a memorial in my own defense. I only fear that petty men like Cao and Lu will abuse us—so for the moment I close the gates and hold my ground." Biao then went out to fight Hu's army; his follower Fan Hu led two hundred men over to the capital forces, and Biao was beaten and fled back inside. Local men rose and attacked the western gate of the headquarters; Biao mounted the gate to fight them off and repulsed them. Huan's chief administrator Huang Yaoqi and Pei Shuye, chief administrator of the Pacification of the Barbarians, raised troops inside the city to attack him. Hearing that troops had entered, Huan went inside to worship the Buddha; before he could rise, the soldiers cut him down. He was fifty-nine years old. Biao, his brothers Shuang and Bi, and Yin Rui were seized and all put to death.
14
詔曰：「逆賊王奐，險詖之性，自少及長。 外飾廉勤，內懷凶慝，貽戾郷伍，取棄衣冠。 拔其文筆之用，擢以顯任，出牧樊阿，政刑弛亂。 第三息彪矯弄威權，父子均勢。 故寧蠻長史劉興祖忠於奉國，每事匡執，奐忿其異己，誣以訕謗，肆怒囚錄，然後奏聞。 朕察奐愚詐，詔送興祖還都，乃懼姦謀發露，潛加殺害。 欺罔旣彰，中使辯覈，遂授兵登陴，逆捍王命。 天威電掃，義夫咸奮，曾未浹辰，罪人斯獲，方隅克殄，漢南肅清。 自非犯官兼預同逆謀，爲一時所驅逼者，悉無所問。」
An edict declared: "The rebel Wang Huan has been treacherous and perverse from youth to age. Outwardly he affected frugality and diligence; inwardly he harbored fierce malice, offending his neighbors and earning the contempt of the gentry. He was promoted for his clerical skill to conspicuous office and sent to govern Fan'e, where government and punishments fell into disorder. His third son Biao arrogantly wielded power as though father and son were equals. The former chief administrator of the Pacification of the Barbarians, Liu Xingzu, had been loyal in state service and steadfastly corrected him in every matter; Huan resented his independence, falsely charged him with slander, in rage had him imprisoned, and only then reported to the throne. We perceived Huan's foolish deceit and ordered Xingzu sent back to the capital; then, fearing that his plot would be exposed, he secretly had him killed. When the deception was exposed and the imperial messenger came to investigate, he armed his men, mounted the walls, and defied the royal command. Heaven's wrath swept like lightning and loyal men rose as one; in less than ten days the culprits were seized, the rebel regions subdued, and the lands south of the Han restored to order. Except for officials who took part in the conspiracy itself, all who were merely driven by the moment shall go unpunished."
15
奐長子太子中庶子融，融弟司徒從事中郎琛，於都棄市。 餘孫皆原宥。
Huan's eldest son Rong, Attendant in the Heir Apparent's Household, and Rong's younger brother Chen, Attendant in the Secretariat, were executed in the market at the capital. The remaining grandsons were all granted pardon.
17
殷叡
Yin Rui
18
=殷叡字文子，陳郡人。 晉太常融七世孫也。 宋元嘉末，祖元素坐染太初事誅。 叡遺腹亦當從戮，外曾祖王僧朗啓孝武救之，得免。 叡解文義，有口才，司徒褚淵甚重之，謂之曰：「諸殷自荊州以來，無出卿右者。」 叡歛容答曰：「殷族衰悴，誠不如昔，若此旨爲虛，故不足降； 此旨爲實，彌不可聞。」 奐爲雍州，啓叡爲府長史。
Yin Rui, whose style name was Wenzi, came from Chen Commandery. He was the seventh-generation descendant of Rong, Minister of Ceremonies under the Jin. At the end of the Yuanjia era in Song, his grandfather Yuansu was executed for involvement in the Taichu affair. Rui, still in the womb, was also marked for execution; his great-grandfather by marriage Wang Senglang petitioned Emperor Xiaowu on his behalf, and he was spared. Rui was versed in literary learning and gifted in speech; Minister of Works Chu Yuan held him in high regard and said, "Among the Yin family since the Jingzhou branch, none has surpassed you. Rui composed his expression and replied, "The Yin clan has declined and is truly not what it once was. If your words are mere flattery, they are not worth answering; if they are true, they are all the more painful to hear." When Huan governed Yong Province, he recommended Rui as chief administrator of his headquarters.
19
叡族父恒，字昭度，與叡同承融後。 宋司空景仁孫也。 恒及父道矜，竝有古風，以是見蚩於世，其事非一。 恒，宋泰始初，爲度支尚書，坐屬父疾及身疾多，爲有司所奏。 明帝詔曰：「殷道矜有生便病，比更無橫病。 恒因愚習惰，久妨清敘。 左遷散騎常侍，領校尉。」 恒歷官清顯，至金紫光祿大夫。 建武中，卒。 奐弟女爲長沙王晃妃，世祖詔曰：「奐自陷逆節，長沙王妃男女竝長，且奐又出繼，前代或當有准，可特不離絕。」 奐從弟繢。
Rui's clansman uncle Heng, whose style name was Zhaodu, like Rui succeeded to Rong's line. He was the grandson of Jingren, Minister of Works in the Song. Heng and his father Daojin both affected an antique manner, for which they were ridiculed in their day on more than one occasion. At the beginning of the Taishi era in Song, Heng served as Minister of Revenue but was impeached because his father's illness and his own frequent illnesses violated regulations on mourning and attendance. Emperor Ming's edict read, "Yin Daojin has been ill from birth; recently he has suffered no sudden illness. Heng, through foolish habit and sloth, has long obstructed proper advancement in office. He is demoted to Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and concurrently Colonel. Heng nevertheless served through a series of eminent posts and rose to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal. He died during the Jianwu era. The daughter of Huan's younger sister was consort to Prince Huang of Changsha. Emperor Shizu decreed, "Huan brought treason upon himself, but the Princess of Changsha's children are grown, and Huan himself was given in adoption—precedents exist from earlier ages; their ties shall not be severed. Huan's cousin was Wang Hui.
21
奐從弟繢
Wang Hui, Huan's Cousin
22
=繢字叔素，宋車騎將軍景文子也。 弱冠，爲祕書郎，太子舍人，轉中書舍人。 景文以此授超階，令繢經年乃受。 景文封江安侯，繢襲其本爵，爲始平縣五等男。 遷祕書丞，司徒右長史。 元徽末，除寧朔將軍、建平王征北長史、南東海太守，黃門郎，寧朔將軍、東陽太守。 世祖爲撫軍，吏部尚書張岱選繢爲長史，呈選牒。 太祖笑謂岱曰：「此可謂素望。」 遷散騎常侍，驍騎將軍。
Wang Hui, whose style name was Shusu, was the son of Jingwen, General of Chariots and Cavalry in the Song. Upon reaching manhood he served as Secretariat Gentleman and Attendant in the Heir Apparent's Household, then was transferred to Palace Gentleman of the Secretariat. Jingwen would have granted him a leap in rank on this account, but made Hui wait a full year before accepting the appointment. Jingwen had been enfeoffed as Marquis of Jiang'an; Hui inherited his original noble rank and became a fifth-grade baron of Shiping County. He was promoted to Secretariat Assistant and Right Chief Administrator of the Minister of Works. At the end of the Yuanhui era he was appointed General of Pacifying the North, chief administrator to the General Who Campaigns North for the Prince of Jianping, and Grand Administrator of Southern Donghai, then Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, General of Pacifying the North, and Grand Administrator of Dongyang. When Shizu was General Who Pacifies the Army, Minister of Personnel Zhang Dai selected Hui as his chief administrator and presented the nomination. Emperor Gao smiled and said to Dai, "This is what one calls a man of established reputation. He was promoted to Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and General of Valiant Cavalry.
23
出補義興太守。 輙錄郡吏陳伯喜付陽羨獄，欲殺之，縣令孔逭不知何罪，不受繢教，爲有司所奏，繢坐白衣領職。 遷太子中庶子，領驍騎，轉長兼侍中。 世祖出射雉，繢信佛法，稱疾不從駕。 轉左民尚書，以母老乞解職，改授寧朔將軍、大司馬長史、淮陵太守。 出爲宣城太守，秩中二千石。 ，遷輔國將軍、太傅長史，不拜。 仍爲冠軍將軍、豫章內史。 進號征虜。 又坐事免官。 除冠軍將軍，司徒左長史，散騎常侍，隨王師。 除征虜將軍，驃騎長史，遷散騎常侍，太常。 ，卒。 年五十三。 諡靖子。
He was sent out as Grand Administrator of Yixing. He on his own authority arrested commandery clerk Chen Boxi and sent him to prison in Yangxian intending to kill him; County Magistrate Kong Huan, not knowing the charge, refused to obey Hui's order; the matter was reported to the authorities, and Hui was reduced to serving in plain clothes. He was appointed Attendant in the Heir Apparent's Household and concurrently General of Valiant Cavalry, then Chief Concurrent Palace Attendant. When Shizu went out pheasant hunting, Hui, a devout Buddhist, pleaded illness and did not accompany the imperial procession. He was transferred to Minister of the Left for the People; citing his mother's age, he asked to resign and was reassigned as General of Pacifying the North, chief administrator to the Grand Marshal, and Grand Administrator of Huailing. He was sent out as Grand Administrator of Xuancheng at the middle two-thousand-picul rank. In the first year of Longchang he was appointed General Who Assists the State and chief administrator to the Grand Tutor but declined the post. He was then made General Who Establishes Valor and Interior Administrator of Yuzhang. His designation was raised to General Who Subdues the Barbarians. He was again dismissed from office for an offense. He was appointed General Who Establishes Valor, Left Chief Administrator of the Minister of Works, Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry, and tutor to the Prince of Sui. He was appointed General Who Subdues the Barbarians and chief administrator to the General of Agile Cavalry, then promoted to Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and Minister of Ceremonies. In the first year of Yongyuan he died. He was fifty-three years old. He was given the posthumous title Jingzi.
24
繢女適安陸王子敬，世祖寵子。 ，納妃，脩外舅姑之敬。 世祖遣文惠太子相隨往繢家置酒設樂，公卿皆冠冕而至，當世榮之。
Hui's daughter married Zijing, Prince of Anlu, a favorite son of Emperor Shizu. When the prince took her as consort, he showed the full respect due to his wife's parents. Emperor Shizu sent Crown Prince Wen Hui to accompany the prince to Hui's house for a feast with music; dukes and ministers all came in full court dress—the age regarded it as the highest honor.
25
張沖
Zhang Chong
26
張沖字思約，吳郡吳人。 父柬，通直郎。 沖出繼從伯侍中景胤，小名查，父邵，小名梨。 宋文帝戲景胤曰：「查何如梨。」 景胤答曰：「梨是百果之宗，查何敢及。」
Zhang Chong, whose style name was Siyue, came from Wu in Wu Commandery. His father Jian had served as Direct Attendant. Chong had been given in adoption to succeed his father's elder cousin Jingyin, Attendant Within; his childhood name was Cha, and his father Shao's childhood name was Li. Emperor Wen of Song teased Jingyin, "How does Cha compare with Li? Jingyin answered, "Li is the sovereign of all fruits—how could Cha presume to compare?"
27
沖亦少有至性，辟州主簿，隨從叔永爲將帥，除綏遠將軍、盱眙太守。 永征彭城，遇寒雪，軍人足脛凍斷者十七八，沖足指皆墮。 除尚書駕部郎，桂陽王征南中兵，振威將軍。 歷驃騎太尉南中郎參軍，不拜。 遷征西從事中郎，通直郎，武陵王北中郎直兵參軍，長水校尉，除寧朔將軍，本官如故。 遷左軍將軍，加寧朔將軍，輔國將軍。 沖少從戎事，朝廷以幹力相待，故歷處軍校之官。 出爲馬頭太守，徙盱眙太守，輔國將軍如故。 ，遷西陽王冠軍司馬。 八年，爲假節、監青冀二州刺史事，將軍如故。 沖父初卒，遺命曰：「祭我必以郷土所產，無用牲物。」 沖在鎮，四時還吳園中取果菜，流涕薦焉。 仍轉刺史。
Chong too showed exceptional filial devotion from youth; summoned as provincial chief clerk, he followed his uncle Yong on campaign and was appointed General Who Pacifies the Distance and Grand Administrator of Xuyi. When Yong campaigned at Pengcheng they met bitter cold and snow; seven or eight soldiers in ten suffered frozen calves and shins, and Chong lost all his toes. He was appointed Gentleman of the Imperial Carriages in the Secretariat, central army officer on the southern campaign of the Prince of Guiyang, and General Who Inspires Awe. He was offered a post as aide in the Southern Palace of the General of Agile Cavalry and Grand Marshal but declined. He was transferred to Attendant in the Western Campaign, Direct Attendant, direct military aide to the Northern Central Commander for the Prince of Wuling, and Colonel of the Long River, then appointed General of Pacifying the North while retaining his former duties. He was promoted to General of the Left Army, with the added ranks of General of Pacifying the North and General Who Assists the State. Chong had followed military life from youth, and the court valued him for his practical ability, so he served in a succession of military commands. He was sent out as Grand Administrator of Matou, then transferred to Grand Administrator of Xuyi, retaining his rank as General Who Assists the State. He was then appointed chief administrator to the Champion General for the Prince of Xiyang. In the eighth year he was made provisional bearer of the staff of authority supervising Qing and Ji provinces, retaining his general's rank. When Chong's father died, his last testament read, "Sacrifice to me only with produce of our native land—use no sacrificial animals. While stationed in the provinces, Chong each season returned to the family garden in Wu to gather fruit and vegetables and, weeping, offered them in sacrifice. He was then appointed full governor.
28
鬱林卽位，進號冠軍將軍。 明帝卽位，以晉壽太守王洪範代沖。 除黃門郎，加征虜將軍。 ，虜寇淮泗，假沖節，都督青冀二州北討諸軍事，本官如故。 虜并兵攻司州，詔青徐出軍分其兵勢。 沖遣軍主桑係祖由渣口攻拔虜建陵、驛馬、厚丘三城，多所殺獲。 又與洪範遣軍主崔季延襲虜紀城，據之。 沖又遣軍主杜僧護攻拔虜虎坑、馮時、卽丘三城，驅生口輜重還，至溘溝，虜救兵至，緣道要擊，僧護力戰，大破之。
When Emperor Yulin ascended the throne, Chong's designation was raised to General Who Establishes Valor. When Emperor Ming ascended the throne, Wang Hongfan, Grand Administrator of Jinshou, was appointed to replace him. He was appointed Gentleman at the Yellow Gate with the added rank of General Who Subdues the Barbarians. When the barbarians raided the Huai and Si region, Chong was given provisional staff of authority as commander of the northern campaign in Qing and Ji provinces, retaining his former title. The barbarians massed their forces to attack Si Province, and an edict ordered troops from Qing and Xu to march out and divide the enemy's strength. Chong sent army commander Sang Xizu through Zhakou to storm the enemy cities of Jianling, Yima, and Houqiu, killing and capturing many. Together with Hongfan he sent army commander Cui Jiyan to raid the enemy city of Jicheng and hold it. Chong also sent army commander Du Senghu to storm the enemy cities of Hukeng, Fengshi, and Jiqiu and drive back captives and baggage; at Keigou enemy relief troops lay in ambush along the road, but Senghu fought fiercely and routed them.
29
其年，遷廬陵王北中郎司馬、加冠軍將軍。 未拜，豐城公遙昌爲豫州，上慮寇難未已，徙沖爲征虜長史、南梁郡太守。 ，除江夏王前軍長史。 東昏卽位，出爲建安王征虜長史、輔國將軍、江夏內史，行郢州府州事。 ，遷持節、督豫州軍事、豫州刺史，代裴叔業。 竟不行。 明年，遷督南兖兖徐青冀五州、輔國將軍、南兖州刺史，持節如故。 會司州刺史申希祖卒，以沖爲督司州軍事、冠軍將軍、司州刺史。 裴叔業以壽春降虜，又遷沖爲督南兖兖徐青冀五州、南兖州刺史，持節、將軍如故。 竝未拜。 崔慧景事平，徵建安王寶夤還都，以沖爲督郢司二州、郢州刺史，持節、將軍如故。 一歲之中，頻授四州，至此受任。 其冬，進征虜將軍。 封定襄侯，食邑千戶。
That year he was appointed chief administrator to the Northern Central Commander for the Prince of Luling, with the added rank of General Who Establishes Valor. Before he could take up the post, the Duke of Fengcheng Yaochang was assigned to Yu Province; fearing that border troubles were not over, the emperor transferred Chong to chief administrator to the General Who Subdues the Barbarians and Grand Administrator of Nanliang Commandery. He was then appointed chief administrator to the Van Army for the Prince of Jiangxia. When Emperor Donghun ascended the throne, he was sent out as chief administrator to the General Who Subdues the Barbarians for the Prince of Jian'an, General Who Assists the State, and Interior Administrator of Jiangxia, acting for the Ying provincial headquarters. He was transferred to bearer of the staff of authority supervising military affairs in Yu Province and Governor of Yu Province, to replace Pei Shuye. In the end he never took up the post. The following year he was appointed commander of Nan Yan, Yan, Xu, Qing, and Ji provinces, General Who Assists the State, and Governor of Nan Yan Province, retaining his staff of authority. When Governor of Si Province Shen Xizu died, Chong was appointed commander of military affairs in Si Province, General Who Establishes Valor, and Governor of Si Province. When Pei Shuye surrendered Shouchun to the enemy, Chong was again appointed commander of Nan Yan, Yan, Xu, Qing, and Ji provinces and Governor of Nan Yan Province, retaining his staff of authority and general's rank. He accepted none of these appointments. After Cui Huijing's rebellion was suppressed, Prince Bao Yin of Jian'an was recalled to the capital and Chong was appointed commander of Ying and Si provinces and Governor of Ying Province, retaining his staff of authority and general's rank. Within a single year he had been offered four provinces in succession; only now did he finally accept appointment. That winter he was advanced to General Who Subdues the Barbarians. He was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dingxiang with a fief of one thousand households.
30
梁王義師起，東昏遣驍騎將軍薛元嗣、制局監暨榮伯領兵及糧運百四十餘船送沖，使拒西師。 元嗣等懲劉山陽之敗，疑沖不敢進，停住夏口浦。 聞義師將至，元嗣、榮伯相率入郢城。 時竟陵太守房僧寄被代還至郢，東昏敕僧寄留守魯山，除驍騎將軍。 僧寄謂沖曰：「臣雖未荷朝廷深恩，實蒙先帝厚澤。 蔭其樹者不折其枝，實欲微立塵效。」 沖深相許諾，共結盟誓。 乃分部拒守。 遣軍主孫樂祖數千人助僧寄據魯山岸立城壘。
When the Prince of Liang's righteous army rose, Emperor Donghun sent General of Valiant Cavalry Xue Yuansi and Bureau Supervisor Ji Rongbo with troops and more than 140 grain transports to reinforce Chong and have him resist the western forces. Yuansi and his men, mindful of Liu Shanyang's defeat, doubted that Chong would dare advance and halted at Xiakou. When they heard that the righteous army was approaching, Yuansi and Rongbo led their forces into Ying city together. At that time Fang Sengji, Grand Administrator of Jingling, having been relieved of office, was on his way back and reached Ying; Donghun ordered him to hold Lushan and appointed him General of Valiant Cavalry. Sengji said to Chong, "I have not yet received great favor from the present court, but I have indeed enjoyed the former emperor's generous grace. One who enjoys the shade of a tree does not break its branches—I wish only to offer whatever small service I can. Chong gave him his solemn pledge, and the two of them swore a joint oath. They then divided their forces to organize the defense. He sent army commander Sun Lezu with several thousand men to help Sengji hold Lushan and build fortifications along the shore.
31
明年二月，梁王出沔口，圍魯山城。 遣軍主曹景宗等過江攻郢城，未及盡濟，沖遣中兵參軍陳光靜等開門出擊，爲義師所破，光靜戰死，沖固守不出。 景宗於是據石橋浦，連軍相續，下至加湖。 東昏遣軍主巴西梓潼二郡太守吳子陽、光子衿、李文釗、陳虎牙等十三軍援郢，至加湖不得進，乃築城舉烽，城內亦舉火應之。 而內外各自保，不能相救。
In the second month of the following year the Prince of Liang marched out from Hankou and besieged Lushan. He sent army commanders including Cao Jingzong across the river to attack Ying; before the crossing was complete, Chong sent central army aide Chen Guangjing and others out through the gates to attack; the righteous army defeated them and Guangjing was killed in battle, after which Chong held the city and refused to come out. Jingzong thereupon occupied Shiqiao Ford and extended his camps in a continuous line down to Jiahu. Donghun sent army commanders including Wu Ziyang, Grand Administrator of Baxi and Zitong commanderies, Guang Zijin, Li Wenzhao, and Chen Huya with thirteen armies to relieve Ying; at Jiahu they could advance no farther and built a fortified camp with beacon fires, which the besieged answered with signal fires of their own. Yet the forces inside and outside each held their own positions and could not aid one another.
32
沖病死，元嗣、榮伯與沖子孜及長史江夏內史程茂固守。 東昏詔贈沖散騎常侍、護軍將軍。 假元嗣子陽節。
Chong died of illness; Yuansi, Rongbo, Chong's son Zi, and chief administrator Cheng Mao, who was also Interior Administrator of Jiangxia, continued to hold the city. Emperor Donghun posthumously awarded Chong the ranks of Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and General Who Protects the Army. Yuansi was granted provisional staff of authority under the title Ziyang.
33
江水暴長，加湖城淹漬，義師乘高艦攻之，子陽等大敗散。 魯山城乏糧，軍人於磯頭捕細魚供食，密治輕船，將奔夏口。 梁王命偏軍斷其取路，防備越逸。 房僧寄病死，孫樂祖窘，以城降。
The Yangtze rose in flood and the camp at Jiahu was inundated; the righteous army attacked from high-decked ships, and Ziyang's forces were routed and scattered. Lushan ran short of grain; the soldiers caught small fish on the stony shore to eat and secretly prepared light boats, intending to flee to Xiakou. The Prince of Liang ordered detached forces to cut off their escape routes and prevent any breakout. Fang Sengji died of illness; hard pressed, Sun Lezu surrendered the city.
34
郢城被圍二百餘日，士庶病死者七八百家。 魯山旣敗，程茂及元嗣等議降，使孜爲書與梁王。 沖故吏青州治中房長瑜謂孜曰：「前使君忠貫昊天，操逾松竹。 郎君但當端坐畫一，以荷析薪。 若天運不與，幅巾待命，以下從使君。 今若隨諸人之計，非唯郢州士女失高山之望，亦恐彼所不取也。」 魯山陷後二日，元嗣等以郢城降。
Ying had been besieged for more than two hundred days; illness had killed members of seven or eight hundred gentry and commoner households. After Lushan fell, Cheng Mao, Yuansi, and the others discussed surrender and had Zi write to the Prince of Liang. Chong's former subordinate Fang Changyu, provincial aide of Qing Province, said to Zi, "Your father's loyalty reached to heaven, and his conduct surpassed pine and bamboo. You need only hold firm to a single course and bear the burden your father laid upon you. If heaven's fortune is not with you, dress in plain cloth and await your fate, then follow your father below. If you now follow the others' plan, not only will the people of Ying lose the man they looked up to as a mountain—you may also find that the enemy will not accept you." Two days after Lushan fell, Yuansi and the others surrendered Ying.
35
東昏以程茂爲督郢司二州、輔國將軍、郢州刺史，元嗣爲督雍梁南北秦四州郢州之竟陵司州之隨郡、冠軍將軍、雍州刺史，竝持節。 時郢魯二城已降，死者相積，竟無叛散。 時以沖及房僧寄比臧洪之被圍也。 贈僧寄益州刺史。
Donghun appointed Cheng Mao commander of Ying and Si provinces, General Who Assists the State, and Governor of Ying Province, and Yuansi commander of Yong, Liang, Northern Qin, Southern Qin, Jingling in Jing Province, and Suixiang in Si Province, General Who Establishes Valor, and Governor of Yong Province—both with staffs of authority. By then both Ying and Lushan had fallen; the dead lay in heaps, yet there had been no mass desertion. Men of the day compared Chong and Fang Sengji to Zang Hong in his famous siege. Sengji was posthumously appointed Governor of Yi Province.
36
時新蔡太守席謙，永明中爲中書郎王融所薦。 父恭穆，鎮西司馬，爲魚復侯所害。 至是謙鎮盆城，聞義師東下，曰：「我家世忠貞，殞死不二。」 爲陳伯之所殺。
At that time Xi Qian, Grand Administrator of Xincai, had been recommended in the Yongming era by Secretariat Gentleman Wang Rong. His father Gongmu, chief administrator to the General Who Guards the West, had been killed by the Marquis of Yufu. By then Qian was holding Pencheng; when he heard that the righteous army was marching east, he said, "Our house has been loyal for generations—I will die rather than turn." He was killed by Chen Bozhi.
37
【史論】
Historian's Appraisal
38
史臣曰：石碏棄子，弘滅親之戒； 鮑永晚降，知事新之節。 王奐誠在靡貳，迹允嚴科； 張沖未達天心，守迷義運。 致危之理異，爲亡之事一也。
The historian says: Shi Que abandoned his son, setting forth the warning against destroying one's own kin; Bao Yong surrendered late, showing the principle of serving the new order. Wang Huan's loyalty was truly without duplicity, and his conduct warranted the severe penalty; Zhang Chong failed to read heaven's intent and clung stubbornly to a doomed cause. The paths that led them into peril differed, but the outcome was the same.
39
贊曰：王居北牧，子未克家。 終成干紀，覆此冑華。 張壘窮守，死如亂麻。 爲悟旣晚，辯見方賒。
The encomium says: Wang ruled the northern marches, but his son could not keep the household in order. In the end he committed rebellion and brought ruin on his noble house. Zhang's fortress was besieged to the end, and death came like tangled hemp. His awakening came too late, and clear judgment only after the fact.
40
除青石疑
Editorial note: removal of doubtful Qingstone variant readings.
42
案
Editorial note.