1
南齊書卷五十三‧列傳第三十四良政
Book of Southern Qi, Volume 53, Biographies 34: Virtuous Officials
2
傅琰虞愿劉懷慰裴昭明沈憲李珪之孔琇之
Fu Yan, Yu Yuan, Liu Huaiwei, Pei Zhaoming, Shen Xian, Li Guizhi, and Kong Xiuzhi
3
太祖承宋氏奢縱，風移百城，輔立幼主，思振民瘼。 爲政未朞，擢山陰令傅琰爲益州刺史。 乃捐華反樸，恭己南面，導民以躬，意存勿擾。 以山陰大邑，獄訟繁滋，建元三年，別置獄丞，與建康爲比。 永明繼運，垂心治術。 杖威善斷，猶多漏網，長吏犯法，封刃行誅。 郡縣居職，以三周爲小滿。 水旱之災，輙加賑卹。 明帝自在布衣，曉達吏事，君臨億兆，專務刀筆，未嘗枉法申恩，守宰以之肅震。
The Founding Emperor inherited the Song dynasty's extravagance and lax rule, which had spread decadent habits through cities everywhere. Supporting a young sovereign on the throne, he sought to relieve the people's distress. Early in his reign he promoted Fu Yan, the magistrate of Shanyin, to regional inspector of Yizhou. He renounced ornament for plain living, held himself with humble dignity on the throne, led the people by personal example, and kept administration as unobtrusive as possible. Because Shanyin was a large district with a heavy caseload, in the third year of Jianyuan a separate prison deputy was appointed, matching the arrangement at the capital. Under the Yongming reign the court devoted itself earnestly to the art of government. The court wielded stern authority and judged cases decisively, yet many offenders still slipped through; when senior officials broke the law, swords were drawn and punishment was enforced without delay. Officials serving in the commanderies and districts were expected to complete three annual cycles before their term was considered minimally fulfilled. Whenever floods or droughts struck, the government promptly provided relief. Emperor Ming had understood official business since his days as a commoner. Once he ruled the realm, he devoted himself entirely to legal paperwork, never bending the law to show favor, and prefects and magistrates were awed into strict compliance.
4
永明之世，十許年中，百姓無雞鳴犬吠之警，都邑之盛，士女富逸，歌聲舞節，袨服華粧，桃花綠水之間，秋月春風之下，蓋以百數。 及建武之興，虜難猋急，征役連歲，不遑啓居，軍國糜耗，從此衰矣。
During the Yongming era, for roughly ten years the people knew no disturbance even of cockcrow or barking dogs. The capital flourished: men and women lived in comfort and affluence, with song and dance everywhere, fine dress and splendid adornment—amid peach blossoms and green waters, under autumn moons and spring breezes—numbering in the hundreds of such scenes. When the Jianwu era began, northern raids grew fierce; conscription and corvée continued year after year, leaving people no peace at home. Army and state were drained dry, and from that point the dynasty declined.
5
齊世善政著名表績無幾焉，位次遷升，非直止乎城邑。 今取其清察有迹者，餘則隨以附焉。
Under the Qi dynasty, officials famed for good governance and recorded achievements were few, and promotion in rank was not limited to service within cities and districts alone. Here we include those whose integrity and sharp administration left a clear record; the remainder are noted in passing where relevant.
6
傅琰字季珪，北地靈州人也。 祖邵，員外郎。 父僧祐，安東錄事參軍。
Fu Yan, courtesy name Jigui, was a native of Lingzhou in Beidi commandery. His grandfather Shao served as an outside-office gentleman. His father Sengyou served as recorder-adjutant under the Andong commandery.
7
泰始六年，遷山陰令。 山陰，東土大縣，難爲長官，僧祐在縣有稱，琰尤明察，又著能名。 其年爵新亭侯。 元徽初，遷尚書右丞。
In the sixth year of Taishi he was appointed magistrate of Shanyin. Shanyin was a major district in the eastern region and a difficult post for any magistrate. Sengyou had earned a reputation there, and Yan was especially sharp-eyed in judgment, winning renown for his competence as well. That same year he was ennobled as Marquis of Xinting. At the beginning of the Yuanhui reign he was promoted to right assistant director in the Masters of Writing.
8
遭母喪，居南岸，隣家失火，延燒琰屋，琰抱柩不動，隣人競來赴救，乃得俱全。 琰股髀之閒，已被煙焰。 服闋，除邵陵王左軍諮議，江夏王錄事參軍。
During his mother's mourning he lived on the south bank. A neighbor's house caught fire and the blaze spread to Yan's dwelling. He clung to the coffin and would not move; neighbors rushed to help, and mother and coffin were saved unharmed. The flesh between his thighs had already been scorched by smoke and flame. When mourning ended he was appointed consultant to the left army of the Prince of Shaoling and recorder-adjutant to the Prince of Jiangxia.
9
太祖輔政，以山陰獄訟煩積，復以琰爲山陰令。 賣針賣糖老姥爭團絲，來詣琰，琰不辨覈，縳團絲於柱鞭之，密視有鐵屑，乃罰賣糖者。 二野父爭雞，琰各問「何以食雞」，一人云「粟」，一人云「豆」，乃破雞得粟，罪言豆者。 縣內稱神明，無敢復爲偷盜。 琰父子竝著奇績，江左鮮有。 世云「諸傅有《治縣譜》，子孫相傳，不以示人」。
When the Founding Emperor served as regent, lawsuits in Shanyin had again piled up, so he reappointed Yan as magistrate of Shanyin. An old woman who sold needles and one who sold sugar disputed a ball of silk and brought the case to Yan. Without questioning either party, he tied the silk to a pillar and whipped it; watching closely, he saw iron filings and then punished the sugar-seller. Two peasants disputed ownership of a chicken. Yan asked each what he fed it; one said millet, the other beans. He slaughtered the bird, found millet in its crop, and punished the man who had claimed beans. The district hailed him as uncannily wise, and no one dared steal again. Father and son Yan together achieved extraordinary records, rarely matched in the lands south of the Yangtze. People said that the Fu clan possessed a manual on governing districts, passed down among descendants and never shown to outsiders.
10
臨淮劉玄明亦有吏能，爲山陰令，大著名績。 琰子翽問之，玄明曰：「我臨去當告卿。」 將別，謂之曰：「作縣唯日食一升飰，而莫飲酒。」
Liu Xuanming of Linhuai was also a capable administrator; as magistrate of Shanyin he won great renown. Yan's son Ao asked him for advice. Xuanming said, 'When I am about to leave office I will tell you.' As they parted, he told him, 'As magistrate, eat only one sheng of rice a day and never touch wine.'
11
虞愿字士恭，會稽餘姚人也。 祖賚，給事中，監利侯。 父望之，早卒。 賚中庭橘樹冬熟，子孫競來取之，愿年數歲，獨不取，賚及家人皆異之。
Yu Yuan, courtesy name Shigong, was a native of Yuyao in Kuaiji commandery. His grandfather Ben served as attendant within the yellow gates and was ennobled as Marquis of Jianli. His father Wangzhi died young. An orange tree in Ben's courtyard ripened in winter, and the grandchildren rushed to pick the fruit. Yuan was only a few years old and alone refused to take any; Ben and the whole family marveled at him.
12
元嘉末，爲國子生，再遷湘東王國常侍，轉潯陽王府墨曹參軍。 明帝立，以愿儒吏學涉，兼蕃國舊恩，意遇甚厚。 除太常丞，尚書祠部郎，通直散騎侍郎，領五郡中正，祠部郎如故。 帝性猜忌，體肥憎風，夏月常著皮小衣，拜左右二人爲司風令史，風起方面，輙先啓聞。 星文災變，不信太史，不聽外奏，勑靈臺知星二人給愿，常直內省，有異先啓，以相檢察。
At the end of the Yuanjia era he entered the Imperial Academy; he was twice promoted to regular attendant of the Prince of Xiangdong's household, then transferred to ink-office adjutant under the Prince of Xunyang. When Emperor Ming took the throne, he favored Yuan greatly for his learning and skill as a scholar-official and for their old bond from the prince's household. He was appointed vice director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple, director in the sacrifices office of the Masters of Writing, palace attendant in the emergent cavalry, and concurrently director of rectitude for five commanderies, while retaining his sacrifices post. The emperor was suspicious by nature, corpulent, and hated drafts. In summer he often wore a small leather vest. He appointed two attendants as wind-watch clerks who always reported the moment a breeze rose from any direction. He did not trust the grand astrologer on celestial omens and refused outside reports. He assigned two observatory astronomers to Yuan, who kept constant watch inside the palace and reported any anomaly at once so the reports could be cross-checked.
13
帝以故宅起湘宮寺，費極奢侈。 以孝武莊嚴剎七層，帝欲起十層，不可立，分爲兩剎，各五層。 新安太守巢尚之罷郡還，見帝，曰：「卿至湘宮寺未？ 我起此寺，是大功德。」 愿在側曰：「陛下起此寺，皆是百姓賣兒貼婦錢，佛若有知，當悲哭哀愍，罪高佛圖，有何功德？」 尚書令袁粲在坐，爲之失色。 帝乃怒，使人驅下殿，愿徐去無異容。 以舊恩，少日中，已復召入。
The emperor built the Xiang Palace Temple on the site of his former residence at enormous expense. Emperor Xiaowu's Zhuangyan Monastery had stood seven stories high; the emperor wanted ten but the structure would not bear it, so he split it into two pagodas of five stories each. Chao Shangzhi, who had finished his term as grand administrator of Xin'an, came to court and asked the emperor, 'Have you visited the Xiang Palace Temple yet? I built this temple—it is a great act of merit.' Yuan, standing beside them, said, 'Your Majesty, this temple was paid for with money from common folk who sold their sons and pawned their wives. If the Buddha knew, he would weep in pity; the sin towers higher than any pagoda—where is the merit in that?' Minister-in-Chief Yuan Can, who was present, turned pale at this. The emperor flew into a rage and had him driven from the hall. Yuan withdrew slowly, his expression unchanged. Thanks to their old bond, he was summoned back before noon the same day.
14
帝好圍碁，甚拙，去格七八道，物議共欺爲第三品。 與第一品王抗圍碁，依品賭戲，抗每饒借之，曰：「皇帝飛碁，臣抗不能斷。」 帝終不覺，以爲信然，好之愈篤。 愿又曰：「堯以此教丹朱，非人主所宜好也。」 雖數忤旨，而蒙賞賜，猶異餘人。 遷兼中書郎。
The emperor loved go but played very poorly, often placing stones seven or eight lines off the grid; court opinion collectively humored him into believing he ranked third class. When he played go with first-rank master Wang Kang, they wagered by rank. Kang always let him win, saying, 'Your Majesty's stones fly so fast that I, Kang, cannot block them.' The emperor never caught on, took it all at face value, and grew fonder of the game than ever. Yuan added, 'Yao used this game to teach his son Danzhu—it is not a pastime fit for a sovereign.' Though he often spoke against the emperor's wishes, he still received rewards unlike anyone else. He was promoted to concurrent director in the Secretariat.
15
帝寢疾，愿常侍醫藥。 帝素能食，尤好逐夷，以銀缽盛蜜漬之，一食數缽。 謂揚州刺史王景文曰：「此是奇味，卿頗足不？」 景文曰：「臣夙好此物，貧素致之甚難。」 帝甚悅。 食逐夷積多，胷腹痞脹，氣將絕。 左右啓飲數升酢酒，乃消。 疾大困，一食汁滓猶至三升，水患積久，藥不復效。 大漸日，正坐，呼道人，合掌便絕。 愿以侍疾久，轉正員郎。
When the emperor fell gravely ill, Yuan constantly attended him at his bedside. The emperor had always been a hearty eater and especially loved cured fish called zhuyi, which he kept in silver bowls steeped in honey and consumed by the bowlful. He asked Wang Jingwen, governor of Yangzhou, 'This is a rare delicacy—do you get enough of it?' Jingwen replied, 'I have always loved it, but in my humble circumstances it is very hard to come by.' The emperor was delighted. After eating too much zhuyi, his chest and belly swelled with blockage until he was near death. His attendants advised him to drink several sheng of vinegar wine, and the swelling subsided. As his illness worsened, he still consumed up to three sheng of broth dregs at a single meal. Edema had built up over time, and medicine no longer helped. On the day he neared death he sat upright, summoned a Daoist priest, pressed his palms together, and died. Because Yuan had long attended him in illness, he was promoted to regular palace attendant.
16
出爲晉平太守，在郡不治生產。 前政與民交關，質錄其兒婦，愿遣人於道奪取將還。 在郡立學堂教授。 郡舊出髯蛇膽，可爲藥，有餉愿蛇者，愿不忍殺，放二十里外山中，一夜蛇還牀下。 復送四十里外山，經宿，復還故處。 愿更令遠，乃不復歸，論者以爲仁心所致也。 海邊有越王石，常隱雲霧。 相傳云：「清廉太守乃得見。」 愿往觀視，清徹無隱蔽。 後琅邪王秀之爲郡，與朝士書曰：「此郡承虞公之後，善政猶存，遺風易遵，差得無事。」 以母老解職，除後軍將軍。 褚淵常詣愿，不在，見其眠牀上積塵埃，有書數袠。 淵歎曰：「虞君之清，一至於此。」 令人掃地拂牀而去。 遷中書郎，領東觀祭酒。 兄季，爲上虞令，卒。 愿從省步還家，不待詔便歸東。 除驍騎將軍，遷廷尉，祭酒如故。 愿嘗事宋明帝，齊初宋神主遷汝陰廟，愿拜辭流涕。 建元元年，卒。 年五十四。 愿著《五經論問》，撰《會稽記》，文翰數十篇。
He was sent out as grand administrator of Jinping and made no effort to enrich himself in office. His predecessor had seized commoners' sons and daughters-in-law as collateral for debts; Yuan sent men to intercept them on the road and bring them home. In the commandery he founded a school and taught there himself. The commandery was known for bearded-snake gall used in medicine. When someone presented Yuan with a snake, he could not bear to kill it and released it twenty li into the hills; overnight the snake returned to his bedside. He released it again forty li into the mountains, but after a night it came back once more. Yuan had it taken still farther away, and then it did not return; commentators attributed this to the power of his compassionate heart. On the coast there was a stone called the Yue King's Stone, usually hidden in cloud and mist. Tradition held that only an incorrupt grand administrator could see it. Yuan went to look, and the stone stood clear before him with nothing concealed. Later, when Wang Xiuzhi of Langya took the post, he wrote to colleagues at court, 'This commandery still bears the legacy of Lord Yu; good governance endures, his example is easy to follow, and affairs are largely untroubled.' He resigned because his mother was elderly and was appointed general of the rear army. Chu Yuan often visited Yuan; finding him out, he saw dust thick on the sleeping couch and several bundles of books. Chu sighed and said, 'Lord Yu's integrity extends even to this.' He had the floor swept and the couch dusted, then left. He was promoted to director in the Secretariat and concurrently libationer of the Eastern Pavilion. His elder brother Ji, magistrate of Shangyu, died. Yuan walked home from the Secretariat and, without waiting for imperial permission, returned to the east. He was appointed general of valiant cavalry, then transferred to minister of justice while retaining his libationer's post. Yuan had long served Emperor Ming of Song. When the Qi dynasty began and the Song imperial tablets were moved to the temple at Ruyin, he bowed farewell in tears. He died in the first year of Jianyuan. He was fifty-four years old. Yuan wrote Discussions and Questions on the Five Classics, compiled Records of Kuaiji, and several dozen essays.
17
劉懷慰字彥泰，平原平原人也。 祖奉伯，元嘉中，爲冠軍長史。 父乘民，冀州刺史。 懷慰初爲桂陽王征北板行參軍。 乘民死於義嘉事難，懷慰持喪，不食醯醬，冬月不絮衣。 養孤弟妹，事寡叔母，皆有恩義。
Liu Huaiwei, courtesy name Yantai, was a native of Pingyuan in Pingyuan commandery. His grandfather Fengbo served during the Yuanjia era as chief clerk to the champion general. His father Chengmin served as inspector of Jizhou. Huaiwei began as acting adjutant on the northern campaign staff of the Prince of Guiyang. Chengmin died in the turmoil of the Yijia era; Huaiwei mourned him without eating pickled foods and wore no padded clothing even in winter. He raised his orphaned younger siblings and cared for his widowed aunt by marriage, showing kindness in both.
18
復除邵陵王南中郎參軍，廣德令，尚書駕部郎。 懷慰宗從善明等，太祖心腹，懷慰亦豫焉。 沈攸之有舊，令爲書戒喻攸之，太祖省之稱善。 除步兵校尉。
He was later appointed adjutant to the southern gentlemen of the interior under the Prince of Shaoling, magistrate of Guangde, and director in the imperial carriages office of the Masters of Writing. Huaiwei's kinsmen Shanming and others were trusted confidants of the Founding Emperor, and Huaiwei was counted among them. He had old ties with Shen Youzhi and was ordered to write a letter warning him; the Founding Emperor read it and praised it highly. He was appointed colonel of foot soldiers.
19
齊國建，上欲置齊郡於京邑，議者以江右土沃，流民所歸，乃治瓜步，以懷慰爲輔國將軍、齊郡太守。 上謂懷慰曰：「齊邦是王業所基，吾方以爲顯任。 經理之事，一以委卿。」 又手勑曰：「有文事者，必有武備。 今賜卿玉環刀一口。」 懷慰至郡，修治城郭，安集居民，墾廢田二百頃，決沈湖灌溉。 不受禮謁，民有餉其新米一斛者，懷慰出所食麥飯示之，曰：「旦食有餘，幸不煩此。」 因著《廉吏論》以達其意。 太祖聞之，手勑褒賞。 進督秦、沛二郡。 妻子在都，賜米三百斛。 兖州刺史柳世隆與懷慰書曰：「膠東淵化，潁川致美，以今方古，曾何足云。」 在郡二年，遷正員郎，領青冀二州中正。
When the Qi state was founded, the emperor wished to establish Qi commandery in the capital region, but advisers argued that the fertile lands south of the Yangtze attracted displaced populations, so the seat was placed at Guabu instead, with Huaiwei appointed general who supports the state and grand administrator of Qi commandery. The emperor said to Huaiwei, "The Qi state is the foundation of our royal enterprise, and I intend this as a weighty appointment. All matters of administration I entrust entirely to you." He also wrote a personal edict: "Where there are civil affairs, there must also be military preparedness. I now bestow upon you a jade ring-hilted sword." When Huaiwei arrived at the commandery, he repaired the walls and moats, settled the people, reclaimed two hundred qing of abandoned fields, and opened Shen Lake for irrigation. He accepted no gifts or courtesy calls. When a commoner brought him one hu of new rice, Huaiwei showed him the barley meal he was eating and said, "My morning meal still leaves me with plenty; please do not trouble yourself." He then wrote An Essay on Incorrupt Officials to make his meaning clear. The Founding Emperor heard of it and sent a personal edict commending and rewarding him. He was promoted to oversee the commanderies of Qin and Pei. His wife and children remained in the capital, and he was granted three hundred hu of rice. Yanzhou inspector Liu Shilong wrote to Huaiwei, "Jiaodong's deep transformation and Yingchuan's bringing of beauty—set against your work today, what are those old examples even worth mentioning?" After two years in the commandery, he was promoted to regular staff gentleman and concurrently served as chief arbiter for Qing and Ji provinces.
20
懷慰本名聞慰，世祖卽位，以與舅氏名同，勑改之。 出監東陽郡，爲吏民所安。 還兼安陸王北中郎司馬。 永明九年，卒。 年四十五。 明帝卽位，謂僕射徐孝嗣曰：「劉懷慰若在，朝廷不憂無清吏也。」 懷慰與濟陽江淹、陳郡袁彖善，亦著文翰。 永明初，獻《皇德論》云。
Huaiwei's original name was Wenwei; when Emperor Wu took the throne, an edict changed it because it matched his maternal uncle's name. He went out as overseer of Dongyang commandery, where officials and commoners alike found security under his rule. On his return he also served as northern gentlemen of the interior aide-de-camp to the Prince of Anlu. He died in the ninth year of Yongming. He was forty-five years old. When Emperor Ming took the throne, he said to chief minister Xu Xiaosi, "If Liu Huaiwei were still alive, the court would never worry about lacking incorrupt officials." Huaiwei was on good terms with Jiang Yan of Jiyang and Yuan Luan of Chen commandery, and he also wrote literary works. At the beginning of the Yongming reign he submitted An Essay on Imperial Virtue, which reads:
21
裴昭明，河東聞喜人，宋太中大夫松之孫也。 父駰，南中郎參軍。
Pei Zhaoming was a native of Wenxi in Hedong commandery and a grandson of the Song dynasty grandee of palace attendants Pei Songzhi. His father Yin served as adjutant to the southern gentlemen of the interior.
22
昭明少傳儒史之業。 泰始中，爲太學博士。 有司奏：「太子婚，納徵用玉璧虎皮，未詳何所准據。」 昭明議：「禮納徵，儷皮爲庭實，鹿皮也。 晉太子納妃注『以虎皮二』。 太元中，公主納徵，虎豹皮各一。 豈其謂婚禮不詳。 王公之差，故取虎豹文蔚以尊其事。 虎豹雖文，而徵禮所不言，熊羆雖古，而婚禮所不及，珪璋雖美，或爲用各異。 今宜准的經誥，凡諸僻謬，一皆詳正。」 於是有司參議，加珪璋，豹熊羆皮各二。
From youth Zhaoming inherited the family tradition of Confucian learning and historical scholarship. During the Taishi reign he served as erudite of the imperial university. The responsible officials memorialized, "For the crown prince's marriage, betrothal gifts include jade discs and tiger skins, but it is unclear what canonical authority this follows." Zhaoming argued, "In the rites for betrothal gifts, paired skins serve as court offerings, and those skins are deer hides. The commentary on the Jin crown prince taking a consort says, 'using two tiger skins.' In the Taixuan era, when a princess received betrothal gifts, one tiger skin and one leopard skin were used. Was this because the marriage rites were not clearly specified? Because princes and dukes differ in rank, tiger and leopard skins with splendid markings were chosen to honor the occasion. Tiger and leopard skins may be splendid, but the betrothal rites say nothing of them; bear and brown bear skins may be ancient, but marriage rites do not mention them; jade tablets and scepters may be fine, yet their use varies from case to case. Now the canonical scriptures should be taken as the standard, and every irregular or mistaken practice should be corrected in detail." Thereupon the responsible officials deliberated together and added jade scepters, with two each of leopard, bear, and brown bear skins.
23
元徽中，出爲長沙郡丞，罷任，刺史王蘊謂之曰：「卿清貧，必無還資。 湘中人士有須一禮之命者，我不愛也。」 昭明曰：「下官忝爲邦佐，不能光益上府，豈以鴻都之事仰累清風。」 歷祠部通直郎。
During the Yuanhui reign he went out as assistant administrator of Changsha commandery; when he left office, inspector Wang Yun said to him, "You are incorrupt and poor, so you surely have no returning funds. If any gentleman in Xiangzhou needs a nominal appointment, I would not begrudge giving it." Zhaoming said, "This humble official, though unworthy as a commandery assistant, has been unable to bring luster to your superior office—how could I impose such self-serving requests upon your unsullied reputation?" He later served as direct attendant in the department of sacrifices.
24
永明三年，使虜，世祖謂之曰：「以卿有將命之才，使還，當以一郡相賞。」 還爲始安內史。 郡民龔玄宣，云神人與其玉印玉板書，不須筆，吹紙便成字。 自稱「龔聖人」，以此惑衆。 前後郡守敬事之，昭明付獄治罪。 及還，甚貧罄。 世祖曰：「裴昭明罷郡還，遂無宅。 我不諳書，不知古人中誰比？」 遷射聲校尉。 九年，復遣北使。
In the third year of Yongming he was sent as envoy to the northern barbarians; Emperor Wu said to him, "Because you have talent for bearing imperial orders, when you return I shall reward you with a commandery." On his return he was appointed interior steward of Shian. A district resident named Gong Xuanxuan claimed that a spirit had given him a jade seal and jade tablet for writing; without a brush, he need only blow on paper and characters would appear. He called himself "the Sage Gong" and used this to mislead the people. Previous grand administrators had treated him with reverence, but Zhaoming handed him over to prison for punishment. When he returned from office he was utterly destitute. Emperor Wu said, "Pei Zhaoming returned from leaving a commandery and has no house at all. I am not versed in books—who among the ancients compares with him?" He was transferred to colonel of the archers who shoot at sound. In the ninth year he was again sent as envoy to the north.
25
建武初，爲王玄邈安北長史、廣陵太守。 明帝以其在事無所啓奏，代還，責之。 昭明曰：「臣不欲競執關楗故耳。」 昭明歷郡皆有勤績，常謂人曰：「人生何事須聚蓄，一身之外，亦復何須？ 子孫若不才，我聚彼散； 若能自立，則不如一經。」 故終身不治產業。 中興二年，卒。
At the beginning of the Jianwu reign he served as chief secretary for pacification of the north under Wang Xuanyao and grand administrator of Guangling. Emperor Ming, because during his tenure he had submitted no memorials, replaced and recalled him and reproached him. Zhaoming said, "Your servant did not wish to compete over holding the gate bars, that is all." Zhaoming achieved diligent results in every commandery he served and often told people, "What in life requires hoarding? Beyond one's own person, what else is needed? If one's descendants lack talent, what one gathers they will squander; If they can stand on their own, one classic is worth more than a fortune." Therefore he never managed property or estates throughout his life. He died in the second year of Zhongxing.
26
從祖弟顗，字彥齊。 少有異操。 泰始中，於總明觀聽講，不讓劉秉席，秉用爲參軍。 昇明末，爲奉朝請。 齊臺建，世子裴妃須外戚譜，顗不與，遂分籍。 太祖受禪，上表誹謗，掛冠去，伏誅。
His younger clansman cousin Yi, courtesy name Yanqi. From youth he held unusual principles. During the Taishi reign, while listening to lectures at Zongming Observatory, he would not yield his seat to Liu Bing, who then employed him as adjutant. Late in the Shengming era he served as attendant at court. When the Qi regime was established, the crown prince's Pei consort needed a genealogy of maternal relatives; Yi refused to provide it, and they therefore split the family registry. When the Founding Emperor accepted the abdication, Yi submitted a memorial slandering the court, resigned his office, and fled; he was executed.
27
沈憲字彥璋，吳興武康人也。 祖說道，巴西梓潼二郡太守，父璞之，北中郎行參軍。
Shen Xian, courtesy name Yanehang, was a native of Wukang in Wuxing commandery. His grandfather Shuodao served as grand administrator of Baxi and Zitong commanderies; his father Puzhi served as acting adjutant to the northern gentlemen of the interior.
28
憲初應州辟，爲主簿。 少有幹局，歷臨首、餘杭令，巴陵王府佐，帶襄令，除駕部郎。 宋明帝與憲棋，謂憲曰：「卿，廣州刺史才也。」 補烏程令，甚著政績。 太守褚淵歎之曰：「此人方員可施。」 除通直郎，都水使者。 長於吏事，居官有績。 除正員郎，補吳令，尚書左丞。
Xian first answered a provincial summons and served as chief clerk. From youth he showed capacity and foresight; he successively served as magistrate of Linshou and Yuhang, staff officer in the Prince of Baling's household, concurrently magistrate of Xiang, and was appointed director in the imperial carriages office. Song Emperor Ming played weiqi with Xian and said to him, "You have the makings of a grand administrator of Guangzhou." He was appointed magistrate of Wucheng and achieved notable administrative results. Grand administrator Chu Yuan sighed and said, "This man can be deployed whether the task is square or round." He was appointed direct attendant and commissioner of waterways. He excelled at administrative affairs and achieved solid results in every post he held. He was appointed regular staff gentleman, supplemented as magistrate of Wu, and left assistant director in the Masters of Writing.
29
昇明二年，西中郎將晃爲豫州，太祖擢憲爲晃長史，南梁太守，行州事。 遷豫章王諮議，未拜，坐事免官。 復除安成王冠軍、武陵王征虜參軍，遷少府卿。 少府管掌市易，與民交關，有吏能者，皆更此職。 遷王儉鎮軍長史。
In the second year of Shengming, when General of the Western Gentlemen of the Interior Huang was posted to Yuzhou, the Founding Emperor promoted Xian to Huang's chief secretary, grand administrator of Nanliang, and acting provincial governor. He was transferred to advisory counselor under the Prince of Yuzhang, but before he could assume the post he was dismissed from office for an offense. He was again appointed adjutant to the champion under the Prince of Ancheng and adjutant to the barbarian subduer under the Prince of Wuling, then promoted to director of the palace treasury. The palace treasury managed market transactions and dealt directly with the people, so officials with real administrative talent were usually rotated through this post. He was transferred to chief secretary to the pacification army under Wang Jian.
30
武陵王曄爲會稽，以憲爲左軍司馬。 太祖以山陰戶衆難治，欲分爲兩縣。 世祖啓曰：「縣豈不可治，但用不得其人耳。」 乃以憲帶山陰令，政聲大著。 孔稚珪請假東歸，謂人曰：「沈令料事特有天才。」 加寧朔將軍。 王敬則爲會稽，憲仍留爲鎮軍長史，令如故。
When the Prince of Wuling Ye was posted to Kuaiji, Xian was made left army aide-de-camp. The Founding Emperor, because Shanyin's population was large and difficult to govern, wished to divide the county in two. Emperor Wu submitted a memorial saying, "The county is not untamable—it is only that the wrong man has been put in charge." Thereupon Xian was appointed concurrently magistrate of Shanyin, and his reputation for good governance spread widely. Kong Zhigui took leave to return east and said to people, "Magistrate Shen's handling of affairs shows a special genius for judgment." He was given the additional title general who pacifies the north. When Wang Jingze was posted to Kuaiji, Xian remained chief secretary to the pacification army, with his magistracy unchanged.
31
遷爲冠軍長史，行南豫州事，晉安王後軍長史、廣陵太守。 西陽王子明代爲南兖州，憲仍留爲冠軍長史，太守如故，頻行州府事。 永明八年，子明典籤劉道濟取府州五十人役自給，又役子明左右，及船仗贓私百萬，爲有司所奏，世祖怒，賜道濟死。 憲坐不糾，免官。 尋復爲長史、輔國將軍，以疾去官。 除散騎常侍，未拜，卒。 當世稱爲良吏。
He was transferred to chief secretary under the champion and acting governor of Southern Yuzhou, then chief secretary to the rear army under the Prince of Jin'an and grand administrator of Guangling. When Ziming, Prince of Xiyang, was posted to Southern Yanzhou, Xian remained chief secretary under the champion with his grand administrator post unchanged, repeatedly acting in provincial and prefectural affairs. In the eighth year of Yongming, Ziming's chief clerk Liu Daoji conscripted fifty men from the prefecture and province for his own use, also used labor from Ziming's personal attendants, and embezzled a million in ships, arms, and private goods; when the responsible officials memorialized the case, Emperor Wu was furious and ordered Daoji to death. Xian was punished for failing to investigate and was dismissed from office. Soon after he was again appointed chief secretary and general who supports the state, then left office due to illness. He was appointed cavalier attendant-in-ordinary but died before assuming the post. His contemporaries acclaimed him as a good official.
32
憲同郡丘仲起，先是爲晉平郡，清廉自立。 褚淵歎曰：「見可欲心能不亂，此楊公所以遺子孫也。」 仲起字子震，少爲憲從伯領軍寅之所知。 宋元徽中，爲太子領軍長史，官至廷尉。 卒。
Xian's fellow townsman Qiu Zhongqi had earlier served as magistrate of Jinping and maintained himself in integrity and self-restraint. Chu Yuan sighed and said, "The heart that can remain unperturbed when seeing what is desirable—this is what Duke Yang bequeathed to his descendants." Zhongqi, courtesy name Zizhen, from youth was recognized by Xian's elder clansman uncle, army control officer Yin. During the Song dynasty's Yuanhui reign he served as chief secretary to the crown prince's army control officer and rose to minister of justice. He died.
33
李珪之字孔璋，江夏鍾武人也。 父祖皆爲縣令。
Li Guizhi, courtesy name Kongzhang, was a native of Zhongwu in Jiangxia commandery. His father and grandfather had both served as county magistrates.
34
珪之少辟州從事。 宋泰始初，蔡興宗爲郢州，以珪之爲安西府佐，委以職事，清治見知。 遷鎮西中郎諮議，右軍將軍，兼都水使者。 珪之歷職稱爲清能，除游擊將軍，兼使者如故。 轉兼少府，卒。
In youth Guizhi was summoned as provincial aide. At the beginning of the Song dynasty's Taishi reign, when Cai Xingzong was posted to Yingzhou, he made Guizhi a staff officer in the pacification of the west headquarters, entrusted him with official duties, and came to be known for his clean administration. He was transferred to advisory counselor under the western gentlemen of the interior, general of the right army, and concurrently commissioner of waterways. In every office he held, Guizhi was praised for integrity and competence; he was appointed general who suppresses insurgents while retaining his concurrent envoy post. He was transferred to concurrent minister of the palace supplies and died.
35
先是，四年，滎陽毛惠素爲少府卿，吏才強而治事清刻。 勑市銅官碧青一千二百斤供御畫，用錢六十萬。 有讒惠素納利者，世祖怒，勑尚書評賈，貴二十八萬餘，有司奏之，伏誅。 死後家徒四壁，上甚悔恨。
Earlier, in the fourth year, Mao Huisu of Xingyang served as minister of the palace supplies; he was a forceful administrator who ran affairs with austere precision. An edict ordered the purchase of twelve hundred jin of malachite pigment from the copper office for imperial painting, at a cost of six hundred thousand cash. Someone accused Huisu of taking a kickback. Emperor Wu was furious and ordered the Masters of Writing to reassess the price at just over two hundred eighty thousand cash; the authorities memorialized the case, and Huisu was executed. After his death his home was utterly bare, and the emperor deeply regretted what had been done.
36
孔琇之，會稽山陰人也。 祖季恭，光祿大夫，父靈運，著作郎。
Kong Xiuzhi was a native of Shanyin in Kuaiji commandery. His grandfather Jigong served as grandee of splendid happiness; his father Lingyun served as master of composition.
37
琇之初爲國子生，舉孝廉。 除衞軍行參軍，員外郎，尚書三公郎。 出爲烏程令，有吏能。 還遷通直郎，補吳令。 有小兒年十歲，偷刈隣家稻一束，琇之付獄治罪，或諫之，琇之曰：「十歲便能爲盜，長大何所不爲？」 縣中皆震肅。
Xiuzhi first entered the Imperial Academy and was recommended as filial and incorrupt. He was appointed acting adjutant of the guard army, outside-office gentleman, and director in the three dukes office of the Masters of Writing. He was sent out as magistrate of Wucheng, where he proved a capable administrator. On returning to court he was promoted to regular emergent attendant and appointed magistrate of Wu. A ten-year-old boy stole and reaped one sheaf of a neighbor's rice. Xiuzhi had him thrown in prison. When some tried to dissuade him, he said, 'If he can steal at ten, what will he not do when he grows up?' The whole district was awed into strict order.
38
遷尚書左丞，又以職事知名。 轉前軍將軍，兼少府。 遷驍騎將軍，少府如故。 出爲寧朔將軍、高宗冠軍征虜長史、江夏內史。 還爲正員常侍，兼左民尚書、廷尉卿。 出爲臨海太守，在任清約，罷郡還，獻乾薑二十斤，世祖嫌少，及知琇之清，乃歎息。 除武陵王前軍長史，未拜，仍出爲輔國將軍，監吳興郡，尋拜太守，治稱清嚴。
He was promoted to left assistant director in the Masters of Writing and again won renown for his competence in office. He was transferred to general of the forward army and concurrently minister of the palace supplies. He was promoted to general of valiant cavalry while retaining his post at the ministry of palace supplies. He was sent out as general who pacifies the north, chief clerk to the champion who conquers the barbarians under the High Ancestor, and interior minister of Jiangxia. On returning to court he was appointed regular attendant-in-ordinary and concurrently director for the left people in the Masters of Writing and minister of justice. He was sent out as grand administrator of Linhai and governed with austere integrity. When his term ended he presented twenty jin of dried ginger as a gift. Emperor Wu at first thought the offering too meager, but on learning how incorrupt Xiuzhi was, he sighed in admiration. He was appointed chief clerk to the forward army of the Prince of Wuling but never took up the post; instead he was sent out as general who supports the state to oversee Wuxing commandery, soon confirmed as grand administrator, where his rule was praised as pure and stern.
39
史臣曰：琴瑟不調，必解而更張也。 魏晉爲吏，稍與漢乖，苛猛之風雖衰，而仁愛之情亦減。 局以峻法，限以常條，以必世之仁未及宣理，而朞月之望已求治術。 先公後私，在己未易，割民奉國，於物非難，期之救過，所利苟免。 且目見可欲，嗜好方流，貪以敗官，取與違義，吏之不臧，罔非由此。 擿姦辯偽，誠俟異識，垂名著績，唯有廉平。 今世之治民，未有出於此也。
The historiographer remarks: When the lute and zither are out of tune, the strings must be loosened and restrung. Under Wei and Jin, official service gradually diverged from Han practice; though harsh severity faded, benevolent concern diminished as well. Bound by harsh statutes and routine regulations, the enduring benevolence needed for true governance had scarcely begun to take effect before a single month's tenure already demanded visible results. Putting public duty before private interest was hard to sustain in oneself, while extracting from the people to serve the state was all too easy in practice; officials aimed only to cover their mistakes and secure their own escape from blame. Moreover, when the eye sees what it desires, appetite follows; greed ruins office, and wrongful taking and giving violate duty—there is scarcely any official corruption that does not spring from this. Exposing fraud and distinguishing falsehood truly requires exceptional insight; to leave a lasting name and recorded achievement, nothing suffices but integrity and fairness. In governing the people today, nothing goes beyond this principle.
40
贊曰：蒸蒸小民，吏職長親。 棼亂須理，卹隱歸仁。 枉直交瞀，寬猛代陳。 伊何導物，貴在清身。 [1]
The encomium says: The common people flourish and multiply; the official's duty is to be their elder and kin. When disorder must be untangled, comfort the suffering and return to benevolence. Right and wrong cross in confusion; lenience and severity alternate in turn. By what means shall one guide the people? What matters most is integrity in one's own person. Editorial note marker.
41
全文以中華書局、一九七二年一月版《南齊書》爲本校。
The full text has been collated against the January 1972 Zhonghua Book Company edition of the Book of Southern Qi.