1
南齊書卷第五十五‧列傳第三十六孝義
Book of Southern Qi, Volume 55, Biography 36: Filial Piety and Righteous Conduct
2
崔懷慎公孫僧遠吳欣之韓係伯孫淡華寶韓靈敏封延伯吳達之王文殊朱謙之蕭叡明樂頤江泌杜栖陸絳
Cui Huaishen, Gongsun Sengyuan, Wu Xinzhi, Han Xibo, Sun Dan, Hua Bao, Han Lingmin, Feng Yanbo, Wu Dazhi, Wang Wenshu, Zhu Qianzhi, Xiao Ruiming, Le Yi, Jiang Bi, Du Qi, and Lu Jiang
3
子曰：「父子之道，天性也，君臣之義也。」 人之含孝稟義，天生所同，淳薄因心，非俟學至。 遲遇為用，不謝始庶之法，驕慢之性，多慚水菽之享。 夫色養盡力，行義致身，甘心壟畝，不求聞達，斯即孟氏三樂之辭，仲由負米之歎也。 通乎神明，理緣感召。 情澆世薄，方表孝慈。 故非內德者所以寄心，懷仁者所以標物矣。 埋名韞節，鮮或昭著，紀夫事行，以列于篇。
Confucius said: "The bond between father and son is rooted in nature itself, yet it also embodies the duty owed between ruler and subject." Filial devotion and moral duty are inborn in every person alike; whether they flourish or wither depends on the heart, not on formal instruction. When fortune delays the chance to act, one need not reject the humblest ways of honoring parents; the proud and arrogant, by contrast, are often ashamed to serve no more than plain water and simple fare. To serve one's parents with a joyful face and every ounce of strength, to live by righteousness even at risk to oneself, and to be content tilling the soil without seeking renown—this is the joy Mencius praised and the devotion Zhong You expressed when he carried rice for his parents. When filial feeling reaches the realm of spirits, principle itself moves through sympathetic response. Only when human feeling runs thin and the age grows coarse does true filial kindness show itself plainly. Those without inner virtue have nowhere to set their hearts, while those who cherish benevolence thereby show what truly counts in the world. Most such people hide their names and restrain their conduct, and few ever become widely known; I therefore record their deeds here in this chapter.
4
崔懷慎，清河東武城人也。 父邪利，魯郡太守，宋元嘉中，沒虜。 懷慎與妻房氏篤愛，聞父陷沒，即日遣妻，布衣蔬食，如居喪禮。 邪利後仕虜中書，戒懷慎不許如此，懷慎得書更號泣。 懷慎從叔模為滎陽太守，亦同沈虜，模子雖居處改節，而不廢婚宦。 大明中，懷慎宗人冀州刺史元孫北使，虜問之曰：「崔邪利、模竝力屈歸命，二家子姪，出處不同，義將安在？」 元孫曰：「王尊驅驥，王陽回車，欲令忠孝竝弘，臣子兩節。」
Cui Huaishen was from Dongwucheng in Qinghe commandery. His father Xieli had been Administrator of Lu commandery; during Emperor Wen's Yuanjia reign he was captured by the northern invaders. Huaishen and his wife Lady Fang loved each other deeply. When he learned his father had been taken captive, he dismissed his wife that same day, dressed in hemp and ate only plain food, and lived as though in mourning. Xieli later served the northerners as Director of the Secretariat and urged Huaishen not to go on like this; when Huaishen read the letter, he wept all the harder. Huaishen's uncle Mo, Administrator of Xingyang, was also taken by the northerners. Mo's son changed his way of life under captivity but still married and took office. During the Daming era Huaishen's kinsman Yuansun, governor of Jizhou, went north on a mission. The northerners asked him: "Cui Xieli and Mo both submitted when their strength gave out, yet their sons and nephews behave differently. Where does righteousness lie?" Yuansun replied: "Wang Zun drove his horse forward while Wang Yang turned his carriage back—each sought to honor both loyalty and filial duty, fulfilling the obligations of subject and son alike."
5
泰始初，淮北陷沒，界上流奔者，多有去就。 懷慎因此入北。 至桑乾，邪利時已卒，懷慎絕而後蘇。 載喪還青州，徒跣冰雪，土氣寒酷，而手足不傷，時人以為孝感。 喪畢，以弟在南，建元初，又逃歸，而弟亦已亡。 懷慎孤貧獨立，宗黨哀之，日斂給其升米。 永明中卒。
At the start of the Taishi era the north Huai region fell, and many refugees who fled south across the border wavered between staying and returning. On this account Huaishen went north himself. When he reached Sanggan he found Xieli had already died; Huaishen fainted and only later came to. He bore the coffin back to Qingzhou, walking barefoot through ice and snow. Though the cold was fierce, his hands and feet were unharmed, and people regarded it as a sign of filial devotion moving Heaven. After the mourning period, knowing his younger brother was in the south, he fled back at the start of the Jianyuan era—only to find his brother had already died. Huaishen was left alone in poverty; his kinsmen pitied him and each day pooled their grain to support him. He died during the Yongming era.
6
公孫僧遠，會稽剡人也。 治父喪至孝，事母及伯父甚謹，年饑穀貴，僧遠省餐減食，以供母、伯。 弟亡，無以葬，身販貼與隣里，供斂送之費。 躬負土，手種松柏。 兄姊未婚嫁，乃自賣為之成禮。 名聞郡縣。 太祖即位，遣兼散騎常侍虞炎等十二部使行天下，建元三年，表列僧遠等二十三人，詔竝表門閭，蠲租稅。
Gongsun Sengyuan was from Shan county in Kuaiji. He was deeply filial in mourning his father and scrupulous in caring for his mother and uncle. In famine years, when grain was costly, he ate less himself so that they might have enough. When his younger brother died and he had no money for the funeral, he indentured himself to neighbors to pay for the burial. He carried the earth for the grave himself and planted pine and cypress trees with his own hands. His elder brother and sister were still unmarried, so he sold himself once more to provide for their weddings. His reputation spread throughout the region. When Emperor Gao took the throne he sent twelve missions, led by Yu Yan, Acting Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, to tour the empire. In the third year of Jianyuan, memorials named Sengyuan and twenty-two others; an edict ordered commemorative placards erected at their gates and their rents and taxes remitted.
7
吳欣之，晉陵利城人也。 宋元嘉末，弟尉之為武進縣戍，隨王誕起義，太初遣軍主華欽討之，吏民皆散，尉之獨留，見執將死。 欣之詣欽乞代弟命，辭淚哀切，兄弟皆見原。 建元三年，有詔蠲表。
Wu Xinzhi was from Licheng in Jinling commandery. Late in the Yuanjia era his brother Weizhi was stationed at Wujin. When Prince Dan of Sui rebelled, the court sent Commander Hua Qin against him. Officials and commoners fled, but Weizhi alone stayed behind, was captured, and was about to be put to death. Xinzhi went to Qin and begged to die in his brother's place, weeping with such anguish that both brothers were spared. In the third year of Jianyuan an edict honored him with remission of taxes and a commemorative placard.
8
永明初，廣陵民章起之二息犯罪爭死，太守劉悛表以聞。
Early in Yongming, a Guangling man named Zhang Qi had two sons who, after committing a crime, each insisted on dying in the other's stead; Administrator Liu Jun reported this to the court.
9
韓係伯，襄陽人也。 事父母謹孝。 襄陽土俗，隣居種桑樹於界上為誌，係伯以桑枝蔭妨他地，遷堺上開數尺，隣畔隨復侵之，係伯輙更改種。 久之，隣人慚愧，還所侵地，躬往謝之。 建元三年，蠲租稅，表門閭。 以壽終。
Han Xibo was from Xiangyang. He served his parents with scrupulous filial devotion. In Xiangyang custom neighbors planted mulberries on the boundary as markers. When Xibo's trees shaded the next plot, he moved them several feet inward; the neighbor encroached again at once, and each time Xibo simply moved and replanted his trees. In time the neighbor was ashamed, returned the land he had taken, and came in person to apologize. In the third year of Jianyuan his taxes were remitted and a commemorative placard was set up at his gate. He died at a ripe old age.
10
孫淡，太原人也。 居長沙，事母孝，母疾，不眠食，以差為期。 母哀之，後有疾，不使知也。 豫章王領湘州，辟驃騎行參軍。 建元三年，蠲租稅，表門閭。 卒于家。
Sun Dan was from Taiyuan. He lived in Changsha and was devoted to his mother. When she fell ill he neither slept nor ate, counting each day only by whether she improved. His mother pitied him; after that, whenever she fell ill she kept it from him. When the Prince of Yuzhang governed Xiangzhou he summoned Dan as an aide in the Rapid Tiger General's staff. In the third year of Jianyuan his taxes were remitted and a commemorative placard was set up at his gate. He died at home.
11
華寶，晉陵無錫人也。 父豪，義熙末，戍長安，寶年八歲。 臨別，謂寶曰：「須我還，當為汝上頭。」 長安陷虜，豪歿。 寶年至七十，不婚冠，或問之者，輙號慟彌日，不忍答也。
Hua Bao was from Wuxi in Jinling commandery. His father Hao was posted to Chang'an at the end of the Yixi era, when Bao was eight. As he left he told Bao: "When I come back, I will cap you myself." Chang'an fell to the invaders and Hao died. Bao lived to seventy without marrying or being capped; if anyone asked why, he would wail for days on end and could not bring himself to reply.
12
同郡薛天生，母遭艱菜食，天生亦菜食，母未免喪而死，天生終身不食魚肉。 與弟有恩義。
In the same commandery, Xue Tiansheng's mother ate only vegetables while in mourning, and he did the same. She died before the mourning period ended, and he never ate fish or meat again as long as he lived. He was deeply devoted to his younger brother.
13
又同郡劉懷胤與弟懷則，年十歲，遭父喪，不衣絮帛，不食鹽菜。 建元三年，竝表門閭。
In the same commandery, Liu Huaiyin and his brother Huaize were only ten when their father died; they wore no silk padding and ate neither salt nor seasoned vegetables. In the third year of Jianyuan commemorative placards were set up at their gates.
14
韓靈敏，會稽剡人也。 早孤，與兄靈珍竝有孝性，尋母又亡，家貧無以營凶，兄弟共種衆半畝，朝採衆子，暮已復生，以此遂辦葬事。 靈珍亡，無子，妻卓氏守節不嫁，慮家人奪其志，未嘗告歸，靈敏事之如母。
Han Lingmin was from Shan in Kuaiji. Orphaned young, he and his elder brother Lingzhen were both deeply filial. When their mother died the family was too poor for a funeral. Together they planted half an acre of amaranth, gathered the seeds each morning, and found the plants grown again by evening—enough to pay for the burial. When Lingzhen died childless, his widow Lady Zhuo refused to remarry. Fearing the family would break her resolve, she never went home to visit; Lingmin served her as he would a mother.
15
晉陵吳康之妻趙氏，父亡弟幼，值歲饑，母老病篤，趙詣鄉里自賣，言辭哀苦，鄉里憐之，人人分升米相救，遂得免。 及嫁康之，少時夫亡，家欲更嫁，誓死不貳。
Lady Zhao, wife of Wu Kangzhi of Jinling, had lost her father and had a young brother to support. In a famine year her aged mother fell gravely ill. Zhao offered herself for sale in the village with such anguish that neighbors each gave grain until the family was saved. After she married Kangzhi her husband soon died. The family wanted her to remarry, but she swore she would die before taking another husband.
16
義興蔣儁之妻黃氏，夫亡不重嫁，逼之，欲赴水自殺，乃止。 建元三年，詔蠲租賦，表門閭。
Lady Huang of Yixing, wife of Jiang Junzhi, refused to remarry after her husband's death. When the family pressed her, she tried to drown herself, and only then did they relent. In the third year of Jianyuan an edict remitted their taxes and honored their gates with commemorative placards.
17
又廣陵徐靈禮妻遭火救兒，與兒俱焚死。 太守劉悛以聞。
Also in Guangling, the wife of Xu Lingli ran into a fire to save her child and burned to death with him. Administrator Liu Jun reported it to the court.
18
又會稽人陳氏，有三女，無男。 祖父母年八九十，老耄無所知，父篤癃病，母不安其室。 值歲飢，三女相率於西湖採菱蓴，更日至市貨賣，未嘗虧怠。 鄉里稱為義門，多欲取為婦，長女自傷煢獨，誓不肯行。 祖父母尋相繼卒，三女自營殯葬，為菴舍墓側。
Also in Kuaiji, a man surnamed Chen had three daughters and no sons. Their grandparents were nearly ninety, feeble and unaware; their father lay gravely ill and paralyzed; their mother was miserable at home. In a famine year the three daughters gathered water chestnuts and lotus stems at West Lake, taking turns selling them in the market without ever slackening. Neighbors called them a household of righteousness. Many men wished to marry them, but the eldest daughter, grieving their isolation, swore she would not leave. Their grandparents soon died in succession. The three daughters arranged the burials themselves and built a hut beside the tombs.
19
又永興概中里王氏女，年五歲，得毒病，兩目皆盲。 性至孝，年二十，父母死，臨屍一呌，眼皆血出，小妹娥舐其血，左目即開，時人稱為孝感。 縣令何曇秀不以聞。
Also in Yongxing, a Wang girl of Gaizhong village was five when a virulent illness left her blind in both eyes. She was deeply filial by nature. At twenty, when her parents died, she cried out once over their bodies and blood streamed from both eyes. Her younger sister E licked the blood from her left eye, and it opened at once; people called it filial devotion moving Heaven. Magistrate He Tanxiu did not report it to the court.
20
又諸暨東洿里屠氏女，父失明，母痼疾，親戚相弃，鄉里不容。 女移父母遠住苧羅，晝樵采，夜紡績，以供養。 父母俱卒，親營殯葬，負土成墳。 忽聞空中有聲云：「汝至性可重，山神欲相驅使。 汝可為人治病，必得大富。」 女謂是○魅，弗敢從，遂得病。 積時，隣舍人有中溪蜮毒者，女試治之，自覺病便差，遂以巫道為人治疾，無不愈。 家產日益，鄉里多欲娶之，以無兄弟，誓守墳墓不肯嫁，為山賊劫殺。 縣令于琳之具言郡，太守王敬則不以聞。
Also in Zhuji, a Tu girl of Dongwu village had a blind father and a mother with a chronic illness; relatives abandoned them and neighbors would not take them in. She moved her parents to Zhuluo. By day she gathered firewood; by night she spun and wove to support them. When both parents died she arranged the funeral herself and carried earth on her back to build the mound. Suddenly a voice in the air said: "Your devotion is extraordinary; the mountain spirit wishes to make use of you. Heal the sick and you will surely grow very rich." She took it for an evil spirit and refused; soon she fell ill. After a time a neighbor was poisoned by a stream toad. When she tried to treat him her own illness lifted, and from then on she healed people by shamanic means—always with success. The family grew wealthier. Many men wished to marry her, but with no brothers she swore to guard the graves and refused; mountain bandits killed her. Magistrate Yu Linzhi reported the matter fully to the commandery, but Administrator Wang Jingze did not relay it to the court.
21
建武三年，吳興乘公濟妻姚氏生二男，而公濟及兄公願、乾伯竝卒，各有一子欣之、天保，姚養育之，賣田宅為娶婦，自與二男寄止隣家。 明帝詔為其二子婚，表門閭，復徭役。
In the third year of Jianwu, Lady Yao of Wuxing, wife of Cheng Gongji, bore two sons. Gongji and his brothers Gongyuan and Ganbo all died, each leaving a son—Xinzhi and Tianbao. Yao raised them, sold land and house to marry them off, and lodged herself and the boys with neighbors. Emperor Ming ordered marriages arranged for her two sons, set up a commemorative placard at her gate, and exempted her from corvée labor.
22
吳郡范法恂妻褚氏，亦勤苦執婦業。 宋昇明中，孫曇瓘謀反亡命，褚謂其子僧簡曰：「孫越州先姑之姉子，與汝父親則從母兄弟，交則義重古人。 逃竄脫不免，汝宜收之。」 曇瓘尋伏法，褚氏令僧簡往歛葬。 年七十餘，永明中卒。 僧簡在都，聞病馳歸，未至而褚已卒，將殯，舉尸不起，尋而僧簡至焉。
Lady Chu, wife of Fan Faxun of Wu commandery, was likewise diligent in every duty of a wife. During the Shengming era Sun Tanwan rebelled and fled. Chu told her son Sengjian: "Sun of Yuezhou is kin to your late aunt; he and your father are cousins, and their friendship was as weighty as that of the ancients. Even fugitives cannot hide forever—you should shelter him." Tanwan was soon executed. Lady Chu sent Sengjian to recover his body and bury him. She was over seventy when she died in the Yongming era. Sengjian was in the capital. Hearing she was ill he rushed home, but she died before he arrived. When they tried to move her body for burial it would not lift—until Sengjian came.
23
封延伯字仲璉，渤海人也。 有學行，不與世人交，事寡嫂甚謹。 州辟主簿，舉秀才，不就。 後乃仕。 垣崇祖為豫州，啟太祖用為長史，帶梁郡太守。 以疾自免，僑居東海，遂不至京師。 三世同財，為北州所宗附。 豫章王辟中兵，不就，卒。
Feng Yanbo, courtesy name Zhonglian, was from Bohai. A scholar of learning and integrity, he kept apart from worldly society and served his widowed sister-in-law with scrupulous care. The province summoned him as Registrar and recommended him as Cultivated Talent, but he declined both. Only later did he enter office. When Yuan Chongzu governed Yuzhou he recommended Yanbo to Emperor Gao as Chief Clerk, with concurrent appointment as Administrator of Liang commandery. He resigned citing illness, settled in Donghai, and never went to the capital again. Three generations held their wealth in common, and families throughout the north looked up to them. The Prince of Yuzhang summoned him as a central army officer; he declined and died.
24
建元三年，大使巡行天下，義興陳玄子四世一百七十口同居。 武陵郡邵榮興、文獻叔八世同居。 東海徐生之、武陵范安祖、李聖伯、范道根五世同居。 零陵譚弘寶、衡陽何弘、華陽陽黑頭疏從四世同居，竝共衣食。 詔表門閭，蠲租稅。 又蜀郡王續祖、華陽郝道福竝累世同爨。 建武三年，明帝詔表門閭，蠲調役。
In the third year of Jianyuan, as imperial envoys toured the empire, Chen Xuanzi of Yixing had four generations—one hundred seventy people—living together in one household. In Wuling, Shao Rongxing and Wen Xienshu had eight generations living under one roof. Xu Shengzhi of Donghai and Fan Anzu, Li Shengbo, and Fan Daogen of Wuling each had five generations in one household. Tan Hongbao of Lingling, He Hong of Hengyang, and Yang Heitou of Huayang—distant kinsmen—had four generations living together and sharing food and clothing. An edict honored their gates with commemorative placards and remitted their rents and taxes. Wang Suzu of Shu commandery and Hao Daofu of Huayang likewise had many generations cooking at one hearth. In the third year of Jianwu Emperor Ming ordered commemorative placards at their gates and exempted them from levies and corvée.
25
吳達之，義興人也。 嫂亡無以葬，自賣為十夫客，以營冢槨。 從祖弟敬伯夫妻荒年被略賣江北，達之有田十畝，貨以贖之，與之同財共宅。 郡命為主簿，固以讓兄。 又讓世業舊田與族弟，弟亦不受，田遂閑廢。 建元三年，詔表門閭。
Wu Dazhi was from Yixing. When his sister-in-law died and he could not afford a burial, he indentured himself for ten days' labor to pay for coffin and tomb. In a famine year his cousin Jingbo and his wife were captured and sold north of the Yangzi. Dazhi sold his ten mu of land to ransom them and shared home and property with them. The commandery appointed him Registrar, but he firmly yielded the post to his elder brother. He also gave the family's ancestral fields to a younger kinsman, who refused them as well, and the land lay fallow. In the third year of Jianyuan an edict honored his gate with a commemorative placard.
26
河南辛普明僑居會稽，自少與兄共處一帳，兄亡，以帳施靈座，夏月多蚊，普明不以露寢見色。 兄將葬，隣人嘉其義，賻助甚多，普明初受，後皆反之。 贈者甚怪，普明曰：「本以兄墓不周，故不逆來意。 今何忍亡者餘物以為家財。」 後遭母喪，幾至毀滅。 揚州刺史豫章王辟為議曹從事。 年五十，卒。
Xin Puming of Henan, living in Kuaiji, had shared one canopy with his brother from boyhood. When his brother died he gave the canopy to the spirit seat. In mosquito-ridden summers he slept in the open without complaint. As his brother's burial approached, neighbors admired his devotion and gave generously. Puming accepted at first, then returned everything. The donors were astonished. Puming said: "At first I thought my brother's tomb was incomplete, so I did not refuse your kindness. How could I now turn what belonged to the dead into family wealth?" Later, when his mother died, he nearly wasted away in mourning. The Prince of Yuzhang, governor of Yangzhou, summoned him as an aide in the Deliberation Bureau. He died at fifty.
27
又有何伯璵，弟幼璵，俱厲節操。 養孤兄子，及長為婚，推家業盡與之。 安貧枯槁，誨人不倦，鄉里呼為人師。 郡守下車，莫不修謁。 永明十一年，伯璵卒。 幼璵少好佛法，翦落長齋，持行精苦。 梁初卒。 兄弟年竝八十餘。
There were also He Boyu and his younger brother Youyu, both men of stern integrity. He raised his brother's orphaned son, married him when he came of age, and gave him the whole family estate. He lived content in poverty and taught others tirelessly; neighbors called him their teacher. Every new commandery administrator paid him a respectful visit. Boyu died in the eleventh year of Yongming. Youyu loved Buddhism from youth, took the tonsure, kept long fasts, and lived with austere devotion. He died early in the Liang dynasty. Both brothers lived past eighty.
28
王文殊，吳興故鄣人也。 父沒虜，文殊思慕泣血，蔬食山谷三十餘年。 太守謝板為功曹，不就。 永明十一年，太守孔琇之表曰：「文殊性挺五常，心符三教。 以父沒獯庭，抱終身之痛，專席恒居，銜罔極之卹。 服紵縞以經年，餌蔬菽以俟命，婚義滅於天情，官序空於素抱。 儻降甄異之恩，牓其閭里。」 鬱林詔牓門，改所居為「孝行里」。
Wang Wenshu was from Guzhang in Wuxing. His father died in the north. Wenshu mourned until he wept blood, eating only plain food in the hills for more than thirty years. Administrator Xie Ban offered him the post of Merit Officer; he declined. In the eleventh year of Yongming Administrator Kong Xiuzhi wrote: "Wenshu's nature embodies the five constant virtues; his heart accords with the three teachings. Because his father died in the northern lands, he bears lifelong grief, living always on a solitary mat in boundless mourning. Year after year he wears hemp and plain cloth and eats only vegetables and beans; marriage has vanished from his heart, and office holds no place in his lifelong resolve. If Your Majesty would grant special favor, let his neighborhood be honored with a placard." Emperor Yulin ordered his gate honored and renamed his neighborhood the Lane of Filial Conduct.
29
朱謙之字處光，吳郡錢唐人也。 父昭之，以學解稱於鄉里。 謙之年數歲，所生母亡，昭之假葬田側，為族人朱幼方燎火所焚。 同產姉密語之，謙之雖小，便哀戚如持喪。 年長不婚娶。 永明中，手刃殺幼方，詣獄自繫。 縣令申靈勗表上，別駕孔稚珪、兼記室劉璡、司徒左西掾張融牋與刺史豫章王曰：「禮開報仇之典，以申孝義之情； 法斷相殺之條，以表權時之制。 謙之揮刃斬冤，旣申私禮； 繫頸就死，又明公法。 今仍殺之，則成當世罪人； 宥而活之，即為盛朝孝子。 殺一罪人，未足弘憲； 活一孝子，實廣風德。 張緒陸澄，是其鄉舊，應具來由。 融等與謙之竝不相識，區區短見，深有恨然。」 豫章王言之世祖，時吳郡太守王慈、太常張緒、尚書陸澄竝表論其事，世祖嘉其義，慮相復報，乃遣謙之隨曹虎西行。 將發，幼方子惲於津陽門伺殺謙之，謙之之兄選之又刺殺惲，有司以聞。 世祖曰：「此皆是義事，不可問。」 悉赦之。 吳興沈顗聞而歎曰：「弟死於孝，兄殉於義。 孝友之節，萃此一門。」 選之字處林，有志節，著辯相論。 幼時顧歡見而異之，以女妻焉。 官至江夏王參軍。
Zhu Qianzhi, courtesy name Chuguang, was from Qiantang in Wu commandery. His father Zhaozhi was renowned in the district for learning. When Qianzhi was still a child his birth mother died. Zhaozhi had her buried provisionally by the fields, but kinsman Zhu Youfang's brush fire burned the grave. His elder sister told him in secret. Though he was still small, he grieved as though in full mourning. When he grew up he never married. During Yongming he slew Youfang with his own hand and surrendered himself to prison. Magistrate Shen Lingxu reported the case. Kong Zhigui, Liu Lin, and Zhang Rong wrote to the Prince of Yuzhang, governor of the region: "Ritual law permits vengeance to express filial duty; statutory law forbids killing to uphold the order of the age. Qianzhi struck down his enemy and fulfilled his private duty; he bound himself and submitted to death, thereby honoring public law as well. If he is executed now, the court makes a criminal of him; if he is pardoned, he becomes a filial son of this flourishing age. Executing one man does little to magnify the law; sparing one filial son truly broadens moral influence. Zhang Xu and Lu Cheng, men of his district, should report the full circumstances. We do not know Qianzhi at all, yet in our limited view we feel deep regret at the case. The Prince of Yuzhang reported to Emperor Gao. Administrator Wang Ci, Zhang Xu of the Ministry of Rites, and Lu Cheng of the Ministry of the Interior all memorialized on the case. The emperor admired Qianzhi's conduct but feared further blood feuds, and sent him west with Cao Hu. As he was about to leave, Youfang's son Yun ambushed and killed Qianzhi at Jinyang Gate. Qianzhi's brother Xuanzhi then stabbed Yun to death. Officials reported the matter. Emperor Gao said: "These are all acts of righteousness and must not be prosecuted. He pardoned them all. Shen Yan of Wuxing sighed and said: "The younger brother died for filial piety; the elder brother gave his life for righteousness. Filial piety and brotherly devotion are gathered in this one family." Xuanzhi, courtesy name Chulin, was a man of resolve and wrote a treatise on physiognomy. As a youth Gu Huan was impressed by him and gave him his daughter in marriage. He rose to serve as aide to the Prince of Jiangxia.
30
蕭叡明，南蘭陵人。 領軍將軍諶從祖兄弟也。 父孝孫，左軍。 叡明初仕員外殿中將軍。 少有至性，奉親謹篤。 母病躬禱，夕不假寐，及亡，不勝哀而卒。 永明五年，世祖詔曰：「龍驤將軍、安西中兵參軍、松滋令蕭叡明，愛敬淳深，色養盡禮，喪過乎哀，遂致毀滅。 雖未達聖教，而一至可愍。 宜加榮命，以矜善人。 可贈中書郎。」
Xiao Ruiming was from southern Lanling. He was a cousin of General-in-Chief Zhen. His father Xiaosun commanded the Left Army. Ruiming first served as acting general of the palace attendants. From youth he was deeply devoted and served his parents with scrupulous care. When his mother fell ill he prayed in person and did not sleep at night. When she died his grief overwhelmed him and he died. In the fifth year of Yongming Emperor Gao decreed: "Xiao Ruiming, Flying Dragon General, central army aide of the Anxi army, and magistrate of Songzi, loved his parents with pure devotion, served them with joyful ritual care, and mourned so deeply that he destroyed himself. Though he did not attain the sage's teaching, his utmost devotion is deeply moving. Let posthumous honors be granted to commend his goodness. Let him be posthumously appointed Attendant of the Secretariat."
31
樂頤字文德，南陽涅陽人。 世居南郡。 少而言行和謹，仕為京府參軍。 父在郢州病亡，頤忽思父涕泣，因請假還，中路果得父凶問。 頤便徒跣號咷，出陶家後渚，遇商人附載西上，水漿不入口數日。 嘗遇病，與母隔壁，忍痛不言，齧被至碎，恐母之哀己也。
Le Yi, courtesy name Wende, was from Niyang in Nanyang. His family had long lived in Nan commandery. From youth he was gentle and careful in word and deed and served as an aide in the capital commandery. His father died of illness in Yingzhou. Yi suddenly wept for his father, asked leave to return home, and on the road received confirmation of his death. Yi went barefoot, wailing loudly, left by Taojia Rear Ford, boarded a merchant boat heading west, and for days took neither water nor food. Once when he was ill in the room next to his mother, he bore the pain in silence and bit his quilt to shreds lest she grieve for him.
32
湘州刺史王僧虔引為主簿，以同僚非人，弃官去。 吏部郎庾杲之嘗往候，頤為設食，枯魚菜菹而已。 杲之曰：「我不能食此。」 母聞之，自出常膳魚羹數種。 杲之曰：「卿過於茅季偉，我非郭林宗。」 仕至郢州治中，卒。
Wang Sengqian, governor of Xiangzhou, made him chief clerk, but when a colleague proved unworthy he resigned and left. Yu Gao of the Ministry of Personnel once visited. Yi served only dried fish and pickled vegetables. Gao said: "I cannot eat this." His mother heard and brought out several kinds of fish soup from their usual fare. Gao said: "You are more scrupulous than Mao Jiwei, but I am no Guo Linzong." He rose to administrative advisor of Yingzhou and died.
33
弟預亦孝，父臨亡，執其手以託郢州行事王奐，預悲感悶絕，吐血數升，遂發病。 官至驃騎錄事。 隆昌末，預謂丹陽尹徐孝嗣曰：「外傳藉藉，似有伊周之事，君蒙武帝殊常之恩，荷託付之重，恐不得同人此舉。 人笑褚公，至今齒冷。」 孝嗣心甚納之。 建武中，為永世令，民懷其德。 卒官。 有一老嫗行擔斛蔌葉將詣市，聞預死，弃擔號泣。
His younger brother Yu was also filial. As their father lay dying he took Yu's hand and entrusted him to Wang Huan, acting governor of Yingzhou. Yu fainted from grief, vomited blood, and fell ill. He rose to recorder under the Rapid Tiger General. Late in Longchang Yu told Xu Xiaosi, governor of Danyang: "Rumors are rife, as though men plot like Yi Yin and the Duke of Zhou. You received extraordinary favor from Emperor Wu and bear a heavy trust—I fear you cannot join them. People still mock Lord Chu, and the shame has not faded." Xiaosi took the warning deeply to heart. During Jianwu he served as magistrate of Yongshi, and the people cherished his virtue. He died in office. An old woman carrying vegetable leaves to market heard of Yu's death, dropped her pole, and wept aloud.
34
鴈門解仲恭，亦僑居南郡。 家行敦睦，得纖豪財利，輙與兄弟平分。 母病經時不差，入山採藥，遇一老父語之曰：「得丁公藤，病立愈。 此藤近在前山際高樹垂下便是也。」 忽然不見。 仲恭如其言得之，治病，母即差。 至今江陵人猶有識此藤者。
Xie Zhonggong of Yanmen also lived in Nan commandery. His household was harmonious; whatever small gain came his way he divided equally with his brothers. His mother was ill for a long time. In the mountains gathering medicine he met an old man who said: "Find Lord Ding's vine and she will recover at once. It hangs from a tall tree on the ridge just ahead—that is the one." Then he vanished. Zhonggong found the vine as directed, treated his mother, and she recovered at once. People in Jiangling still recognize this vine today.
35
江泌字士清，濟陽考城人也。 父亮之，員外郎。 泌少貧，晝日斫屟，夜讀書，隨月光握卷升屋。 性行仁義，衣弊，恐虱饑死，乃復取置衣中。 數日閒，終身無復虱。 母亡後，以生闕供養，遇鮭不忍食。 食菜不食心，以其有生意也。
Jiang Bi, courtesy name Shiqing, was from Kaocheng in Jiyang. His father Liangzhi was an attendant cadet. Bi was poor as a youth. By day he carved clogs; by night he read, and when moonlight failed he would take his scroll and climb onto the roof to read. By nature he was benevolent and righteous. When his clothes were worn he feared the lice might starve, so he would gather them back into his garments. Within days he was never troubled by lice again. After his mother died, remembering he had lacked the means to support her properly, he could not bear to eat salmon when he met it. He ate vegetables but not their hearts, for they still held life.
36
歷仕南中郎行參軍，所給募吏去役，得時病，莫有舍之者，吏扶杖投泌，泌親自隱卹，吏死，泌為買棺。 無僮役，兄弟共輿埋之。 領國子助教。 乘牽車至染烏頭，見老翁步行，下車載之，躬自步去。
He served as aide on the march of the Southern General. A conscript clerk under him fell ill after leaving service, and no one would take him in. The clerk came leaning on his staff; Bi cared for him himself, and when the clerk died Bi bought his coffin. With no servants, he and his brothers carried the coffin themselves to the burial. He served as assistant instructor at the Imperial University. Riding a small cart to Ranyawutou, he saw an old man walking, gave him the cart, and walked on himself.
37
世祖以為南康王子琳侍讀。 建武中，明帝害諸王後，泌憂念子琳，詣誌公道人問其禍福。 誌公覆香鑪灰示之，曰：「都盡。 無所餘。」 及子琳被害，泌往哭之，淚盡，繼之以血。 親視殯葬，乃去。 時廣漢王侍讀嚴桓之亦哭王盡哀。
Emperor Gao appointed him reader to Prince Zilin of Nankang. During Jianwu, after Emperor Ming killed the princes, Bi worried for Zilin and asked the Daoist master Zhigong what fate held for him. Zhigong tipped over the incense burner and showed him the ashes. "All is gone," he said. Nothing remains." When Zilin was killed, Bi went to mourn him until his tears gave out and blood followed. He personally oversaw the burial, then left. Yan Huanzhi, reader to the Prince of Guanghan, also mourned the prince with full grief.
38
泌尋卒。 泌族人兖州治中泌，黃門郎悆子也，與泌同名。 世謂泌為「孝江泌」以別之。
Bi soon died. A kinsman also named Bi, administrative advisor of Yanzhou and son of Yellow Gate Attendant Yu, shared the same given name. People called him "Filial Jiang Bi" to distinguish the two.
39
杜栖字孟山，吳郡錢唐人，徵士京產子也。 同郡張融與京產相友，每相造言論，栖常在側。 融指栖曰：「昔陳太丘之召元方，方之為劣。 以今方古，古人何貴。」 栖出京師，從儒士劉瓛受學。 善清言，能彈琴飲酒，名儒貴遊多敬待之。 中書郎周顒與京產書曰：「賢子學業清標，後來之秀。 嗟愛之懷，豈知云已。 所謂人之英彥，若己有之也。」 刺史豫章王聞其名，辟議曹從事，仍轉西曹佐。 竟陵王子良數致禮接。 國子祭酒何胤治禮，又重栖，以為學士，掌婚冠儀。
Du Qi, courtesy name Mengshan, was from Qiantang in Wu commandery, son of the recluse Jingchan. Zhang Rong of the same commandery was a friend of Jingchan. Whenever they met to discuss learning, Qi was always present. Rong pointed to Qi and said: "When Chen Taqiu summoned Yuanfang, Yuanfang was the lesser son. Compared with today, why should the ancients be prized?" Qi left the capital to study under the scholar Liu Huan. He excelled at pure conversation, played the zither, and drank wine; eminent scholars and noble travelers treated him with respect. Zhou Yong of the Secretariat wrote to Jingchan: "Your worthy son's learning is clear and distinguished—a rising talent. My affection for him—how can I say it has an end? He is the sort of brilliant man one feels one already possesses." The Prince of Yuzhang, governor of the region, summoned him as an aide in the Deliberation Bureau and later made him western section assistant. Prince Ziliang of Jingling repeatedly honored him with invitations. He Yin, chancellor of the Imperial University and expert in ritual, also valued Qi, made him a university scholar, and put him in charge of marriage and capping ceremonies.
40
以父老歸養，怡情壟畝。 栖肥白長壯，及京產疾，旬日閒便皮骨自支。 京產亡，水漿不入口七日，晨夕不罷哭，不食鹽菜。 每營買祭奠，身自看視，號泣不自持。 朔望節歲，絕而復續，吐血數升。 時何胤、謝朏竝隱東山，遺書敦譬，誡以毀滅。 至祥禫，暮夢見其父，慟哭而絕。 初，胤兄點見栖歎曰：「卿風韻如此，雖獲嘉譽，不永年矣。」 卒時年三十六。 當世咸嗟惜焉。
When his father grew old he returned home to support him and found peace in the fields. Qi had been plump, fair, and strong; when Jingchan fell ill, within ten days Qi was skin and bone. When Jingchan died, Qi took no food or drink for seven days, wept without cease morning and evening, and ate neither salt nor seasoned vegetables. Whenever he arranged offerings he inspected them himself, wailing beyond control. On new and full moons and festival days he would faint and revive, vomiting blood by the pint. He Yin and Xie Tiao were then in seclusion on Eastern Mountain; they wrote urging him not to destroy himself in grief. At the end of the mourning rites he dreamed of his father one evening, cried out in grief, and died. Earlier Yin's brother Dian saw Qi and sighed: "With grace like yours, though you win praise, you will not live long." He died at thirty-six. All who knew him mourned his loss.
41
建武二年，剡縣有小兒，年八歲，與母俱得赤班病。 母死，家人以小兒猶惡，不令其知。 小兒疑之，問云：「母嘗數問我病，昨來覺聲羸，今不復聞，何謂也？」 因自投下牀，匍匐至母尸側，頓絕而死。 鄉隣告之縣令宗善才，求表廬，事竟不行。
In the second year of Jianwu an eight-year-old boy in Shan county and his mother both contracted red-spot fever. When his mother died the family, fearing for the still-sick boy, kept it from him. The boy grew suspicious and asked: "Mother often asked after my illness. Yesterday her voice sounded weak, and today I hear nothing—what has happened?" He threw himself from the bed, crawled to his mother's body, and died at once. Neighbors reported it to Magistrate Zong Shancai, who sought a commemorative lodge, but the request was never granted.
42
陸絳字魏卿，吳郡人也。 父閑，字遐業，有風概，與人交，不苟合。 少為同郡張緒所知，仕至揚州別駕。 明帝崩，閑謂所親曰：「宮車晏駕，百司將聽於冢宰。 主王地重才弱，必不能振，難將至矣。」 乃感心疾，不復預州事。 刺史始安王遙光反，事敗，閑以綱佐被召至杜姥宅，尚書令徐孝嗣啟閑不預逆謀，未及報，徐世檦令殺之。 絳時隨閑，抱閑頸乞代死，遂并見殺。
Lu Jiang, courtesy name Weiqing, was from Wu commandery. His father Xian, courtesy name Xiaye, was a man of moral bearing who did not make friends lightly. In youth Zhang Xu of the same commandery recognized his talent; he rose to attendant counselor of Yangzhou. When Emperor Ming died, Xian told those close to him: "The emperor is dead; the hundred offices will heed the chief minister. The prince holds great territory but lacks strength; he cannot restore order—trouble is coming." He then fell ill at heart and withdrew from provincial affairs. When Governor Prince Yaoguang of Shi'an rebelled and failed, Xian was summoned as a staff member to Old Woman Du's residence. Xu Xiaosi reported that Xian had not joined the plot, but before a reply came Xu Shizhen ordered him killed. Jiang was with him, embraced his neck, and begged to die in his place; both were killed.
43
史臣曰：澆風一起，人倫毀薄，抑引之教徒聞，珪璋之璞罕就。 若令事長移忠，儻非行舉，薑桂辛酸，容遷本質。 而旌閭變里，問餼存牢，不過鰥寡齊矜，力田等勸。 其於扶獎名教，未為多也。
The historian writes: When shallow custom spreads, human bonds grow thin; teachings of restraint are heard only in name, and uncut jade of virtue is rarely perfected. If serving elders were made to flow into loyalty to the state—not by recommendation alone—even through bitter trial one's original nature might yet be transformed. Yet honoring gates, renaming lanes, sending grain, and maintaining granaries amounted to little more than pity for widows and orphans and rewards for diligent farmers. In upholding moral teaching, it did not amount to much.
44
贊曰：孝為行首，義實因心。 白華秉節，寒木齊心。 [1]
The encomium says: Filial piety leads all conduct; righteousness springs from the heart. White flowers hold their stems; cold trees share one heart. Editorial footnote marker in the source.
45
全文以中華書局、一九七二年一月版《南齊書》爲本校。
The full text has been collated against the January 1972 Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Southern Qi.