Emperor Daizong (代宗)

Overview

The translated histories identify Emperor Daizong as a royal family member and ruler. This record brings together 23 passages from 12 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Emperor Daizong	代宗	Daizong
Temple name	Daizong	代宗
Temple name	Daizong	代宗	Dàizōng
Temple name	Daizong	代宗	Daizong
Temple name	Daizong	代	Dài
Temple	Daizong	代宗	Daizong
Title	Emperor Daizong	代宗
Temple name	Emperor Daizong	代宗	Dàizōng
Temple	Emperor Daizong	代宗	Daizong
Title	Emperor Daizong	代宗	Daizong
Title	Prince of Cheng	成王	Chéng wáng
Title	Prince of Guangping	廣平王	Guǎngpíng wáng
Title	Prince of Guangping	廣平王

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiutangshu:119:s0034, jiutangshu:131:s0046, xintangshu:045:s0170, xintangshu:052:s0004, xintangshu:141:s0182, xintangshu:161:s0077, xintangshu:175:s0003
Sex: male
Explicit · jiutangshu:130:s0022, jiutangshu:150:s0005, xintangshu:022:s0099, xintangshu:044:s0105, xintangshu:051:s0161

Roles

Royal Family Member
Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 大歷五年四月 · Lunar Month: 4 · Western Year: AD 770
Explicit event contextual date · jiutangshu:119:s0049, jiutangshu:119:s0044
Source Date: Text: 代宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 762 · End: AD 779
Explicit · xintangshu:022:s0099
Source Date: Text: 代宗 · Western Year: AD 762
Explicit · jiutangshu:130:s0022
Source Date: Text: 代宗廣德二年 · Western Year: AD 764
Explicit · xintangshu:044:s0105
Source Date: Text: 代宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 762 · End: AD 779
Explicit · xintangshu:045:s0170, xintangshu:052:s0004
Source Date: Text: 代宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 762 · End: AD 779
Explicit event contextual date · xintangshu:175:s0003
Source Date: Text: 大曆元年 · Western Year: AD 766
Explicit · xintangshu:022:s0100
Source Date: Text: 大曆十四年 · Western Year: AD 779
Explicit event contextual date · jiutangshu:150:s0005
Source Date: Text: 大歷末 · Western Year: AD 779
Explicit event contextual date · jiutangshu:131:s0046, jiutangshu:131:s0045
Source Date: Text: 廣德元年 · Western Year: AD 763
Explicit event contextual date · jiutangshu:119:s0034, xintangshu:051:s0145, xintangshu:051:s0161, xintangshu:141:s0182
Source Date: Text: 永泰二年 · Western Year: AD 766
Explicit event contextual date · xintangshu:051:s0157, xintangshu:051:s0161
Source Date: Text: 永泰時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 765 · End: AD 766
Explicit event contextual date · xintangshu:161:s0077

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Child of Emperor Suzong (肅宗)
Kinship Term: eldest legitimate son / 嫡長 · Parentage: biological · Subject Birth Order: 1
Parent of Emperor Dezong (德宗)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Parent of Crown Prince Zhaojing Miao (昭靖太子邈)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Birth Order: 3

Career and standing

Title: Prince of Guangping / 廣平王 · Action: held
Explicit · xintangshu:022:s0099

Places and affiliations

Label: Tang / 唐 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · xintangshu:052:s0004
Label: Tang / 唐 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · jiutangshu:119:s0034, xintangshu:045:s0170
Polity: Tang / 唐 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · xintangshu:044:s0105
Polity: Tang / 唐 · Relation: served
Explicit · xintangshu:051:s0161

Works and attributed material

Kind: edict · Role: author
Explicit · xintangshu:044:s0105, xintangshu:044:s0106
Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · jiutangshu:131:s0046

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: ascended-throne-and-commended-Zhao-Guozhen · Other Person Id: Zhao Guozhen (趙國珍)
Explicit · jiutangshu:119:s0034
Kind: administrative · Role: ruler · Action: began acre-based summer-autumn tax assessment
Explicit · xintangshu:052:s0004
Kind: diplomatic · Role: ruler · Action: favored-uyghurs-horse-trade
Explicit · xintangshu:051:s0161
Kind: personal · Role: mourner · Action: grieved-for-Cui-Guan · Other Person Id: Cui Guan (崔瓘)
Explicit · jiutangshu:119:s0049
Kind: political · Role: plotter · Action: plotted-against · Other Person Id: Yu Chao'en (魚朝恩)
Explicit · xintangshu:051:s0164
Kind: administrative · Role: issuer · Action: recalled-students
Explicit · xintangshu:044:s0105, xintangshu:044:s0106
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: recovered-two-capitals
Explicit · xintangshu:022:s0099
Relation: turned-against · Person Id: Yuan Zai (元載)
Explicit · xintangshu:051:s0165

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: neglected frontier finance for ritual and Buddhist copying · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xintangshu:051:s0166
Assessment: personally frugal · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xintangshu:051:s0167

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · xintangshu:044:s0105, xintangshu:045:s0170, xintangshu:051:s0161
From: Prince of Guangping / 廣平王 · To: Prince of Cheng / 成王
Explicit · jiutangshu:130:s0022

References in the histories

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Old Book of Tang, Chapter 119Volume 115 Biographies 65: Cui Qi, Zhao Guozhen, Cui Guan, Jing Kuo, Wei Yuanfu, Wei Shaoyou, Wei Boyu, Li Cheng · 2 passages

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代宗踐祚，特嘉之，召拜工部尚書。 When Emperor Daizong took the throne he singled Guozhen out for praise and summoned him to court as minister of works.

代宗聞其事，悼惜久之。 When Daizong heard the news, he grieved for him a long while.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 130Volume 126 Biographies 76: Li Kui, Li Han, Chen Shaoyou, Lu Yue, Pei Xu · 7 passages

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時代宗自廣平王改封成王，張皇后有子數歲，陰有奪宗之議。 At that time Daizong, formerly Prince of Guangping, had been redesignated Prince of Cheng. Empress Zhang had a young son, and quietly there was talk of setting him up as heir instead.

揆因對見，肅宗從容曰：「成王嫡長有功，今當命嗣，卿意何如？」 On another audience Kui was present when Suzong said casually: "The Prince of Cheng is the eldest legitimate son and has earned distinction. It is time to name the heir. What do you think?"

寶應元年，初平河朔，代宗以涵忠謹洽聞，遷左庶子、兼御史中丞、河北宣慰使。 In the first year of Baoying, as Hebei was brought back under control, Daizong, knowing Han for loyalty and steady judgment, made him left attendant of the heir apparent, censor-in-chief, and pacification commissioner for Hebei.

使還，請罷官終喪制，代宗以其毀瘠，許之。 On his return he asked leave to complete the full mourning period. Daizong, seeing how grief had wasted him, consented.

代宗以為忠，待之益厚。 Daizong took this for loyalty and treated him all the more favorably.

代宗居陜，谞步懷考功及南曹二印赴行在，上見而謂之曰：「疾風知勁草，果信矣。」 When Daizong was at Shaan, Xu walked on foot to the mobile court carrying the seals of the Bureau of Evaluations and the Southern Bureau. The emperor said: "A fierce wind reveals the tough grass—how true that proves."

時關輔大旱，谞入計，代宗召見便殿，問谞：「榷酤之利，一歲出入幾何？」 A great drought afflicted the Guanzhong region. When Xu came to present accounts, Daizong received him in the side hall and asked: "What are the yearly receipts and expenditures of the wine monopoly?"

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 131Volume 127 Biographies 77: Yao Lingyan, Zhang Guangcheng, Yuan Xiu, Qiao Lin, Zhang She, Jiang Zhen, Hong Jinglun, Peng Yan · 1 passage

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代宗密謂之曰：「北蕃縱橫日久，當思所禦之計。」 Daizong said to him privately: "The northern barbarians have run rampant for many years—you must think of measures to check them."

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 150Volume 146 Biographies 96: Xue Bo, Bao Fang, Li Ziliang, Li Shuo, Yan Shou, Xiao Xin, Du Ya, Wang Wei, Li Ruochu, Yu Qi, Lu Zheng, Yan Ping, Zheng Yuan, Du Jian, Pei Bin, Xue Pi · 1 passage

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舒王誼，本名謨，代宗第三子昭靖太子邈之子也。 Prince of Shu Yi, whose original name was Mo, was the son of Crown Prince Zhaojing (Miao), the third son of Emperor Daizong.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 22Volume 22 Treatises 12: Rites and Music 12 · 1 passage

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代宗繇廣平王復二京，梨園供奉官劉日進制《寶應長寧樂》十八曲以獻，皆宮調也。 When Daizong, as Prince of Guangping, recovered the two capitals, Pear Garden officer Liu Rijin offered eighteen Precious Response Long Peace pieces, all in palace mode.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 44Volume 44 Treatises 39: Selecting and Appointing Officials 1 · 1 passage

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代宗廣德二年，詔曰：「古者設太學，教胄子，雖年穀不登，兵革或動，而俎豆之事不廢。 In 764, Emperor Daizong issued an edict: "In antiquity the Imperial Academy was founded to instruct the sons of officials. Though harvests failed or armies took the field, sacrificial rites were never abandoned.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 45Volume 45 Treatises 40: Selecting and Appointing Officials 2 · 1 passage

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肅、代以後兵興，天下多故，官員益濫，而銓法無可道者。 After Suzong and Daizong, war and turmoil multiplied officials until evaluation law collapsed entirely.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 51Volume 51 Treatises 47: Finance and Economics 1 · 5 passages

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時回紇有助收西京功，代宗厚遇之，與中國婚姻，歲送馬十萬匹，酬以縑帛百余萬匹。 The Uyghurs had helped retake Chang'an; Daizong favored them with marriage alliances; they sent a hundred thousand horses yearly, paid for with over a million bolts of silk.

而中官魚朝恩方恃恩擅權，代宗與宰相元載日夜圖之。 Eunuch Yu Chao'en abused imperial favor; Daizong and Yuan Zai plotted against him day and night.

及朝恩誅，帝復與載貳，君臣猜間不協，邊計兵食，置而不議者幾十年。 After Chao'en's death, emperor and minister turned on each other; frontier defense and supply went undiscussed for nearly a decade.

而諸鎮擅地，結為表裏，日治兵繕壘，天子不能繩以法，顓留意祠禱、焚幣玉、寫浮屠書，度支稟賜僧巫，歲以鉅萬計。 Regional warlords seized territory, armed themselves, and defied the court; the emperor turned to sacrifices, burning jade offerings, and copying sutras—the treasury gave monks and shamans tens of thousands yearly.

然帝性儉約，身所禦衣，必浣染至再三，欲以先天下。 Yet the emperor was personally frugal, wearing his robes until they were washed threadbare, hoping to set an example.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 52Volume 52 Treatises 48: Finance and Economics 2 · 1 passage

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自代宗時，始以畝定稅，而斂以夏秋。 Under Daizong, taxes were first assessed by acre and collected in summer and autumn installments.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 141Volume 141 Biographies 66: Cui, Deng, Wei, Wei, Li Han, Lu, Gao · 1 passage

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廣德元年，代宗幸陜，以伯玉有幹略，可方面大事，乃拜荊南節度使，進封城陽郡王。 In the first year of Guangde, when Daizong visited Shan, considering Boyu had capacity and resolve fit for a major regional command, he was appointed military commissioner of Jingnan and advanced to prince of Chengyang commandery.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 161Volume 161 Biographies 86: Zhang, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Xu, Wang, Feng, Yu · 1 passage

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始，永泰時，禁中火，近東宮，代宗疑之。 Originally, in the Yongtai era, a fire broke out in the forbidden palace near the Eastern Palace, and Daizong harbored suspicions.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 175Volume 175 Biographies 100: Dou, Liu, Two Zhangs, Yang, Xiong, Bai · 1 passage

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父叔向，以詩自名，代宗時，位左拾遺。 His father Shuxiang was famed for his verse; under Emperor Daizong he served as Left Reminder.