Dezong (德宗) | 24 Histories

Overview

Dezong was a Tang Emperor.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Xiaowen	孝文	Xiaowen

Life and dates

Death

AD 805 德宗崩
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 213, passage 50

Age

advanced in years 春秋高
AD 786 to AD 805 時德宗春秋高
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 181

Attested activity

AD 780 建中元年五月二十八日
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 32
AD 782 建中三年正月
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 23, 44
AD 783 建中四年十月
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 128
AD 803 貞元十九年七月
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 24
AD 785 貞元元年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 109, 126, 137
AD 799 貞元十五年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 10-11

Show 102 more source-backed claims

AD 800 十六年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 12, 17, 19
AD 781 建中二年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 107
AD 786 貞元二年
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 145
AD 782 建中三年
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 213, passage 148
AD 787 貞元三年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 194-195
AD 789 貞元五年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 127, passage 106
AD 784 及聞輿駕再幸梁州
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 68
AD 780 是月庚午
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 103-104
AD 787 787 三年
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 64, passages 185, 187
AD 787 三年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 157
AD 780 上即位
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 123
AD 783 其冬
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 63
AD 787 其夜三更
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 229
AD 784 再幸梁州
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 96
AD 801 十七年
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 22, passages 149-150
AD 796 十二年
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 52, passage 147
AD 800 十六年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 40, 47
AD 783 及出奉天
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 85
AD 779 及即位
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 90
AD 784 及朱泚平
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 54, passages 85-86
AD 787 及渾瑊與吐蕃會盟之日
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 220
AD 779 to AD 805 唐德宗在位
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 99, passage 100
AD 780 to AD 805 唐德宗朝
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 64, passage 163
AD 779 大曆十四年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 7
AD 779 大曆十四年
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 154
AD 781 to AD 782 孝忠絕李惟嶽時
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 213, passages 132, 134
AD 783 帝蒼卒狩奉天
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 151
AD 780 建中
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 151
AD 780 建中初
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 190-192
AD 780 建中初
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 94; New Book of Tang 54, passages 209-210; New Book of Tang 213, passage 20
AD 783 建中四年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 141; Old Book of Tang 129, passages 89, 189; Old Book of Tang 131, passages 6, 17
AD 783 建中四年冬
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 91
AD 800 徐州張建封卒
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 146, passage 222
AD 779 to AD 805 德宗
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 21, passage 196
AD 779 to AD 805 德宗
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 22, passages 98, 105, 149; New Book of Tang 52, passage 5; New Book of Tang 56, passage 209; New Book of Tang 70, passage 133; New Book of Tang 194, passage 167
AD 779 to AD 805 德宗
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 161, passage 46; New Book of Tang 175, passage 8
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 239, 244; Old Book of Tang 160, passages 14, 251
AD 779 德宗
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 130, passage 46
AD 783 德宗之幸
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 218
AD 780 德宗初
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 146, passage 86
AD 779 德宗即位
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 64; New Book of Tang 150, passage 83
AD 779 德宗即位
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 51, passage 170
AD 780 德宗即位
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 20; New Book of Tang 55, passage 137
AD 805 德宗召見喻旨
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 113, passage 166
AD 779 德宗嗣位
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 127, passage 91
AD 779 德宗嗣位
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 144
AD 780 德宗嗣位
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 135, passage 50
AD 783 to AD 784 德宗在山南
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 46
AD 776 德宗在東宮
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 138, passage 89
AD 800 to AD 805 德宗季年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 157-158
AD 805 德宗季年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 113, passage 165
AD 783 德宗將幸奉天
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 72
AD 783 to AD 784 德宗居奉天
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 163
AD 783 德宗居奉天
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 107
AD 783 德宗幸奉天
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 146
AD 783 德宗幸山南
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 150, passage 45
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗手詔褒答
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 146, passage 217
AD 779 to AD 805 德宗時
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 54, passage 114; New Book of Tang 184, passage 27
AD 779 to AD 805 德宗時
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 145
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗時
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 45, passage 171; New Book of Tang 140, passage 56; New Book of Tang 146, passage 149; New Book of Tang 173, passage 36
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗時
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 138, passage 224
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗朝
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 143, passage 16
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗末
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 140, passage 135
AD 780 德宗立
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 138, passage 217
AD 780 to AD 783 德宗納戶部侍郎趙贊議
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 84
AD 779 to AD 805 德宗臨馭歲久
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 212-213
AD 783 to AD 784 德宗西幸
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 202-203, 205-206
AD 784 德宗還京
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 69
AD 783 to AD 784 扈駕奉天
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 132, 135, 138-140
AD 779 是歲十月（大曆十四年）
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 144, passage 154
AD 786 to AD 805 時德宗春秋高
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 181-182
AD 783 會德宗出奉天
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 171
AD 783 to AD 784 朱泚亂、帝出居奉天
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 144, passage 169
AD 783 to AD 784 朱泚亂
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 150, passage 142
AD 780 皇帝踐阼
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 58
AD 794 罷陸贄、憬當國之際
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 150, passages 111, 129
AD 784 to AD 785 自返宮闕
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 142, 146, 148, 155-156
AD 783 與吐蕃相尚結贊等盟於清水
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 46, 72
AD 784 興元元年
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 141, passage 191
AD 784 興元初
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 138, passages 153, 156
AD 787 詰旦
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 230
AD 787 貞元三年八月
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 16, passage 345
AD 785 to AD 790 貞元中
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 164
AD 785 to AD 805 貞元中
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 150, passage 100
AD 805 貞元二十一年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 82
AD 786 貞元二年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 140
AD 786 貞元二年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 167; New Book of Tang 150, passage 181
AD 789 貞元五年二月
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 236, 246
AD 785 貞元元年，親祠南郊
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 228
AD 785 貞元元年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 137, 165; New Book of Tang 161, passage 47
AD 785 to AD 787 貞元初
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 146, passage 62
AD 785 貞元初
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 53, passages 79, 86; New Book of Tang 138, passage 170
AD 803 貞元十九年七月
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 52
AD 796 貞元十二年
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 144, passage 186
AD 799 貞元十五年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 39
AD 798 貞元十四年
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 154, 158; Old Book of Tang 160, passages 20, 26
AD 798 貞元十四年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 185-186
AD 788 貞元四年
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 52, passage 50
AD 784 還京
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 97
AD 779 陛下臨禦之初 / 大歷十四年 accession context
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 135
AD 783 to AD 806 震卒…即拜本道節度使
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 144, passages 221-222
AD 784 駕幸梁州
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 95

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Kin of County Princess of Yongshun (永順縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Deqing (德清縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Langling (朗陵縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Yang'an (陽安縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Nanhua (南華縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Xiangcheng (襄城縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Xinxiang (新鄉縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Yueyang (岳陽縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Yifang (宜芳縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Yuancheng (元城縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of County Princess of Xinning (信寧縣主)
county princess 縣主 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 112
Kin of Empress Dowager Shen (沈氏)
empress dowager 太后
Directly stated · History of Song 110, passage 151
Spouse of Empress Zhaode (昭德皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage · Widowed
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 146, passages 61-62
Spouse of Empress Zhaode (昭德皇后王氏)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 1
Child of Emperor Daizong (代宗)
father 父
son 子
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 52, passages 4-5
Parent of Emperor Shunzong (順宗)
father 父
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · New Book of Tang 52, passage 185; Old Book of Tang 150, passage 1
Parent of Li Ping (李評)
imperial son 皇子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 64, passage 163
Child of Mother of Tang Dezong
mother 母
Directly stated · History of Liao 99, passage 100
Parent of Princess of Yiyang (義陽公主)
princess 公主 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 146, passage 149
Parent of Princess of Yizhang (義章公主)
princess 公主 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 146, passage 149
Parent of Prince of Qin E (欽王諤)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 83
Parent of Prince of Zhen Kan (珍王諴)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 92
Parent of Prince of Tong Chen (通王諶)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 46
Parent of Prince of Qian Liang (虔王諒)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 50
Parent of Prince of Su Xiang (肅王詳)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 57
Parent of Prince of Zi Qian (資王謙)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 76
Parent of Prince of Dai Jin (代王諲)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 78
Parent of Prince of Zhao Jie (昭王誡)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 81
Parent of Prince of Shu Yi (舒王誼)
son 子 · Adoptive parentage
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 6
Parent of Crown Prince Wenjing Song (文敬太子謜)
son 子 · Adoptive parentage
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 67

Kinship Role sons · Count 11
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 1; New Book of Tang 70, passage 133
Kinship Role princes · Count 2 · 親王 whose belt gold was sold at Fengtian
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 163
Kinship Role sons by various consorts from Prince of Tong downward · Count 8
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 4

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Tang emperor in temple-dance list 唐帝廟舞
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 21, passage 196

Career and standing

emperor 皇帝
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 160, passage 14
Emperor 皇帝
Held
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 64, passage 187
special honors 禮異
AD 787 詰旦 · Bestowed · With Liu Hun (柳渾)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 231
Held
Crown prince · At Eastern Palace 東宮
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 89
amnesty 赦
Issued · With Lu Qi (盧杞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 157
Acceded
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 51, passage 170; New Book of Tang 55, passage 137

Show 10 more source-backed claims

AD 780 上即位
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 123
AD 779 及即位
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 90
AD 780 建中初…上新即位
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 190, 195
AD 779 德宗即位
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 64
AD 780 德宗即位
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 20
AD 779 德宗嗣位
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 127, passage 91
AD 779 德宗嗣位
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 144
AD 780 德宗立
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 217
AD 780 皇帝踐阼
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 58
AD 779 陛下臨禦之初
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 135

Places and affiliations

AD 786 貞元二年
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 167
Tang 唐
Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 16, passage 345
Tang 唐
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 5; New Book of Tang 213, passages 20, 29, 132
Tang 唐
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 45, passage 171
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 164
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 146; Old Book of Tang 113, passage 165; Old Book of Tang 117, passage 157; Old Book of Tang 126, passages 46, 64, 123, 190; Old Book of Tang 127, passage 91; Old Book of Tang 129, passages 20, 107, 135, 139; Old Book of Tang 150, passage 1; Old Book of Tang 153, passages 11, 63, 69, 109, 140, 154; Old Book of Tang 157, passages 39, 91, 97, 137; Old Book of Tang 160, passages 14, 251; New Book of Tang 21, passage 196; New Book of Tang 54, passages 84, 114, 210; New Book of Tang 56, passages 145, 209; New Book of Tang 138, passages 90, 156, 217; New Book of Tang 140, passages 56, 135; New Book of Tang 144, passages 218, 222; New Book of Tang 146, passages 62, 86, 149, 217; New Book of Tang 150, passage 142; New Book of Tang 173, passage 36

Show 12 more source-backed claims

Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Ruled
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 53, passage 79
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 64, passage 187
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 202, 212, 239; Old Book of Tang 129, passages 46, 72, 220, 246; New Book of Tang 51, passage 170; New Book of Tang 55, passage 137; New Book of Tang 144, passage 154; New Book of Tang 150, passage 45; New Book of Tang 194, passage 167
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 138, passage 144
AD 783 建中四年
At Fengtian 奉天 · Relation Resided
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 89, 107
AD 783 從幸梁
At Liang 梁 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 175
AD 783 to AD 784 德宗在山南
At Shannan 山南 · Relation Resided in
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 46
AD 783 會德宗出奉天
At Fengtian 奉天 · Relation Fled to
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 171
At Fengtian 奉天 · Relation Fled to
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 63; Old Book of Tang 157, passage 91; New Book of Tang 54, passage 85
At Fengtian 奉天 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 163
At Fengtian 奉天 · Relation Sojourned at
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 146
At Liangzhou 梁州 · Relation Fled to
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 68; Old Book of Tang 157, passage 96

Works and attributed material

Central Harmony Music Dance 中和樂舞
Relation Author
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 22, passage 105
文明之舞
Relation Honoree
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 21, passage 196
Posthumous honor
AD 785 to AD 805 貞元初以降 · Edict · Author · With Li Baozhen (李抱真)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 199
Self reproach and amnesty
AD 784 興元初 · Edict · Author
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 156
Self reproach edict
Edict · Author
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 213, passage 35
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Addressed to Liu Hun (柳渾) · Units s0230
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 230

Show 25 more source-backed claims

Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Wang Shao (王紹) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 203, 205
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Addressee Role chief-ministers · Units s0220
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 220
Comforting message · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Yuan Gao (袁高) · Channel envoy
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 137
AD 780 建中元年五月二十八日
Edict · Author · Direct quotation · Mode quoted-document Speaker Zhang Yi (張鎰)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 32
AD 779 德宗即位
Edict · Author
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 69-74
AD 784 to AD 785 懷光反河中
Edict · Author · With Li Yong (李鄘) · Paraphrased
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 146, passage 217
Consultation · Addressee · With Du You (杜佑)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 20
Edict · Author · With Zhao Jing (趙憬)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 129
urgently abolished the tea-lacquer-bamboo-timber levies
Edict · Author
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 85
Edict · Author
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 91; Old Book of Tang 150, passages 96-104
Did Shaoyou take Bao Ji's funds and goods?
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Chen Shaoyou (陳少遊)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 141
Shaoyou is a guardian minister of the state. He may need to guard against other robbers and supply the army—what harm is there in taking them?
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Chen Shaoyou (陳少遊)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 143
Speech · Speaker · With Yang Yan (楊炎)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passages 162, 165
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Cui Zong (崔縱)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 156
Speech · Speaker · With Cui Zao (崔造)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 146
Speech · Speaker · With Yao Nanzhong (姚南仲) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 19; Old Book of Tang 157, passage 47
Speech · Speaker · With Li Bi (李泌) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 225
Speech · Speaker · Mode quotation
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 116
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Units s0226, s0227
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 226-227
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 139, 196; Old Book of Tang 157, passages 154, 157, 162, 165; New Book of Tang 138, passage 229; New Book of Tang 140, passages 56-57
Speech · Speaker · Speaker Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 102
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 131, passages 117, 174; Old Book of Tang 135, passages 58-59; Old Book of Tang 150, passages 116-117, 119; New Book of Tang 141, passages 126-127
Spoken proposal · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Lu Qi (盧杞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 134
Spoken reply · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Lu Qi (盧杞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 126
Spoken reply · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 129

Events and relationships

Abolished pre execution beating
Legal · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 212
About to proceed to Fengtian
AD 783 德宗將幸奉天 · Travel · Ruler · At Fengtian 奉天
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 72
Accepted charges and had Liu Yan killed
AD 780 是月庚午 · Legal · Sovereign · With Liu Yan (劉晏)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 103-104
Accepted memorial demoted Zhao Zong and had Dangqian beaten to death
AD 782 建中三年正月 · Legal · Sovereign
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 44
Accepted memorial
AD 786 貞元二年 · Administrative · Ruler · With Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 171
Accepted memorial
AD 786 貞元二年 · Administrative · Sovereign · With Yuan Gao (袁高)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 144

Show 127 more source-backed claims

Addressed ministers
AD 787 及渾瑊與吐蕃會盟之日 · Political · Ruler · At informal hall 便殿
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 220
Adopted Zhao Zan commodity tax
Fiscal · Ruler · With Zhao Zan (趙贊)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 84
Again appointed Lu Qi prefect of Raozhou and ordered Yuan Gao to draft the edict
AD 785 貞元元年 · Political · Ruler · With Lu Qi (盧杞)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 109
Allied with Tibet before Nan Zhao was secured
AD 780 德宗初 · Diplomatic · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 146, passage 86
Anger exploited in plot
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗 · Political · Ruler · With Li Xun (巽)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passage 239
Appointed Cui Zao chancellor and restored Han Huang as transport commissioner
Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 53, passages 79, 86
Appointed Yong pacification commissioner
AD 800 徐州張建封卒 · Diplomatic · Ruler · With Li Yong (李鄘)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 146, passage 222
Appointed
AD 779 德宗即位 · Appointment · Appointing ruler · With Han (涵)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 64
Approved Hun's memorial against selling the Tian residence
AD 787 貞元三年 · Political · Ruler
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 207
Approved and commended
Political · Ruler · With Zhao Jing (趙憬)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 129
Approved memorial
Court · Ruler · With Xiao Fu (蕭復)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 146
Approved mint restoration
Political · Approver · With Han Hui (韓洄)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 210
Approved return of Audience Drum cases to offices
Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 201
Ascended the throne
AD 780 皇帝踐阼 · Accession · Ruler
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 58
Assigned the Fengxiang military commissioner to Longyou supply, garrison fields, and observation duties
AD 787 787 三年 · Administrative · Ruler
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 64, passages 185, 187
At the traveling palace at Fengtian
AD 783 建中四年 · Political · Ruler · At Fengtian 奉天
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 189
Audience
AD 798 貞元十四年 · Ritual · Sovereign · With Duan Pingzhong (段平仲) · At capital 京師
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 158-165
Clothed in crimson and summoned
Court · Ruler · With Yang Cheng (陽城)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 168
Comforted
AD 787 詰旦 · Political · Ruler · With Liu Hun (柳渾)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 230
Commended Pei Xu for reporting Guo household
Legal · Sovereign · With Pei Xu (裴谞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 192
Commended
Political · Ruler · With Cui Zao (崔造)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 142
Decided matters himself
AD 786 to AD 805 時德宗春秋高 · Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 181-182
Decided matters himself
AD 798 貞元十四年 · Administrative · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passages 154-155
Declined to adopt Shen Jiji reform
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 45, passage 208
Demoted
AD 779 德宗即位 · Legal · Authority · With Lü Wei (呂渭)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 69, 74
Dismissed worthy chief ministers
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 246
Dismissed
Political · Ruler · With Lu Zhi (陸贄)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 111
Dispatched five thousand shuofang troops with zhixing
Military · Ruler · With Wang Zhixing (王智興)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 160, passage 251
Displeased at Ma Lin funeral spectacle
Political · Crown prince · With Ma Lin (馬璘)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 89
Displeased by memorial
Court · Ruler · With Xiao Fu (蕭復)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 135
Eclipse drum rite abandoned as consequence
AD 787 貞元三年八月 · Ritual · Authority
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 16, passage 348
Elevated Yang Yan and enacted Two Tax Law
Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 5
Enraged and punished
AD 785 to AD 790 貞元中 · Political · Ruler
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 164
Enraged none dared speak
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 181
Established Acting Qin Prefecture; the prefect concurrently served as Longyou pacification commissioner at Purun
AD 787 787 三年 · Administrative · Ruler · At Acting Qin Prefecture 行秦州
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 64, passages 185, 187
Exiled for harboring guilty man
Political · Ruler · With Yang Cheng (陽城)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 199
Fell silent for a long time
Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 50
Fled to Fengtian
AD 783 建中四年十月 · Travel · Ruler · At Fengtian 奉天
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 128
Fled capital
AD 783 德宗之幸 · Flight · Emperor
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 218
Fled to Fengtian repented and abolished levies
AD 783 出奉天 · Political · Ruler · At Fengtian 奉天
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 85
Fled to Fengtian
AD 783 帝蒼卒狩奉天 · Flight · Ruler · At Fengtian 奉天
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 151
Fled to Fengtian
AD 783 to AD 784 朱泚亂、帝出居奉天 · Flight · Refugee emperor
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 169
Fled to Fengtian
Military · Sovereign · At Fengtian 奉天
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 63
Fled
AD 784 再幸梁州 · Military · Sovereign · At Liangzhou 梁州
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 96
Fled
AD 783 建中四年冬 · Military · Sovereign · At Fengtian 奉天
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 91
Flogged palace envoy
Legal · Authority · Quantity several dozen strokes
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 160, passage 32
Forbade excess mansions destroyed Lin and Liu halls
AD 779 及即位 · Legal · Ruler · With Ma Lin (馬璘)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 90
Forwarded memorial
AD 787 其夜三更 · Political · Ruler · With Liu Hun (柳渾)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 229
Gave no reply to memorial
AD 787 貞元三年八月 · Political · Authority · With Dong Jin (董晉)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 16, passage 347
Governed by penal law
AD 780 建中初 · Legal · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 190
Granted Yu Di petitions including Xue restoration
Political · Ruler · With Yu Di (於頔)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 160, passage 36
Grew suspicious of Yao Nanzhong
AD 799 貞元十五年 · Political · Sovereign · With Yao Nanzhong (姚南仲)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 39
Grew weary of petty remonstrance
Court · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 171
Heard murder and was startled
Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 17
Ignored Wang Wei memorial against Yu Di
Political · Ruler · With Yu Di (於頔)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 160, passage 14
In exile hardship
AD 784 興元初 · Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 163
Indulged military commissioners
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗以來 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 146, passage 115
Indulged military governors and acquiesced to Yu Di
Political · Ruler · With Yu Di (於頔)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 160, passage 26
Journey to Liang
Travel · Emperor · With Qi Ying (齊映)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passages 175-176
Moved by Ying remonstrance
Political · Ruler · With Qi Ying (齊映)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 188
Ordered a jade belt and initially death for the artisan
AD 787 貞元三年正月 · Legal · Ruler
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 195-197
Ordered Kui appointed alliance envoy
AD 783 to AD 784 德宗在山南 · Political · Ruler · With Kui (揆)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 46
Ordered yellow registers and white booklets submitted to relevant departments
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 55, passage 137
Ordered ancestral halls at tombs
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗時 · Ritual · Ruler · With Princess of Yiyang (義陽公主)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 146, passage 149
Ordered chief ministers to admonish and dismiss
Political · Ruler · With Yang Cheng (陽城)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 186
Ordered circuits to present plow oxen
AD 786 貞元二年 · Administrative · Issuer · At Guan region 關輔
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 167-168
Ordered combined attack
Military · Ruler · With Li Na (李納)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 213, passage 29
Ordered command transfer
AD 785 to AD 805 貞元初以降 · Political · Sovereign · With Wang Yangui (王延貴)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 187
Ordered execution
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗 · Legal · Ruler · With Dou Can (竇參)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passage 244
Ordered Lu Qi Raozhou appointment
AD 785 貞元元年 · Political · Ruler · With Lu Qi (盧杞)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 137
Ordered plow oxen tribute
AD 786 貞元二年 · Administrative · Issuer
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 140
Ordered return to secretariat
AD 787 及渾瑊與吐蕃會盟之日 · Political · Ruler
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 228
Ordered untitled compilation of post Zhide edicts
AD 779 to AD 805 德宗時 · Legal reform · Commissioner
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 145
Ordered Wujun stand down
Diplomatic · Ruler · With Wang Wujun (王武俊)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 213, passage 46
Overruled remonstrance and appointed Yan Li military governor
Appointment · Sovereign · With Yan Li (嚴礪)
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 144, passage 222
Personally comforted and later relied on
Court · Ruler · With Wang Shao (王紹)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 203, 206
Personally performed southern suburbs sacrifice
AD 785 貞元元年，親祠南郊 · Ritual · Sacrificer
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 228
Placed mines under salt and iron
AD 779 to AD 805 德宗時 · Fiscal · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 54, passage 114
Posthumously honored
Honorific · Grantor · With Liu Nai (劉迺)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 97
Praised and empowered
Political · Ruler · With Han Huang (韓滉)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 157
Preselected deputy commanders for regional armies
AD 800 to AD 805 德宗季年 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 157
Proceeded to Fengtian
AD 783 建中四年 · Travel · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 89
Proceeded to Liangzhou
AD 784 駕幸梁州 · Travel · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 95, 107
Promoted out of turn
Political · Ruler · With Cui Zao (崔造)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passages 144-146
Reassigned
AD 779 德宗即位 · Appointment · Appointing ruler · With Han (涵)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 75
Rebuked ministers
AD 787 及渾瑊與吐蕃會盟之日 · Political · Ruler
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 226-228
Recalled the Raozhou appointment after remonstrance
AD 785 貞元元年 · Political · Ruler · With Lu Qi (盧杞)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 136
Recalled Raozhou appointment
Political · Ruler · With Lu Qi (盧杞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 164
Received and rebuked
AD 798 貞元十四年 · Audience · Ruler · With Duan Pingzhong (段平仲) · At capital 京師
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passages 186-192
Refused drum beating for solar eclipse
AD 787 貞元三年八月 · Ritual · Authority
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 16, passage 345
Refused Lu Qi going in person
AD 783 與吐蕃相尚結贊等盟於清水 · Political · Ruler · With Lu Qi (盧杞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 46
Refused then agreed but did not advance Can
AD 780 to AD 805 德宗時 · Political · Sovereign · With Miao Can (苗粲)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 140, passages 56, 68
Rehabilitated Liu Yan sons
AD 789 貞元五年 · Political · Sovereign
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 127, passages 106-108
Released captives to Tibetan settlements
AD 780 皇帝踐阼 · Diplomatic · Ruler
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 58
Rerouted grain and mobilized defense
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 213, passage 20
Restored office
Political · Ruler · With Han Huang (韓滉)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 156
Returned to capital
AD 784 還京 · Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 97
Returned to capital
Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 69
Reviewed nanzhao music at linde
Ritual · Reviewer
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 22, passage 149
Selected frontier deputies in advance
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 113, passage 165
Sent as pacification commissioner
Appointment · Authority · With Xiao Fu (蕭復) · At Jiangnan 江南
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 140
Shouted out
AD 798 貞元十四年 · Legal · Sovereign · With Duan Pingzhong (段平仲)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 164
Silent after Yao reply
Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 22
Startled at Changle Post affair
AD 800 十六年 · Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 45
Summoned and appointed Xiang
AD 800 to AD 805 德宗季年 · Political · Ruler · With Pei Xiang (裴向)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 158
Summoned and instructed
Political · Ruler · With Pei Xiang (向)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 113, passage 166
Summoned chief ministers to reproach
Legal · Ruler · With Yang Cheng (陽城)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 185
Took refuge at Fengtian with empty stores
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 163
Traveled west
Flight · Emperor
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passage 202
Turned to accumulation and endless presented tribute after Zhu Ci pacified
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 164
Urged Ning to take command
AD 779 是歲 · Political · Ruler · With Cui Ning (崔寧)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 144, passage 154
Went to Fengtian
AD 783 德宗幸奉天 · Flight · Ruler · At Fengtian 奉天
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 146
Went to Liang
Flight · Ruler · At Liang Prefecture 梁州
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 155
Went to Liangzhou
Military · Sovereign · At Liangzhou 梁州
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 68
Wished to make chief minister
Political · Ruler · With Pei Yanling (裴延齡)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 187
Yuan Gao promoted to capital region observation commissioner under his reign
AD 781 建中二年 · Political · Ruler · With Yuan Gao (袁高)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 107
Relation Sovereign ordering against · Person Liu Zhongyi (劉忠翼)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 138, passage 90
Relation Patron of · Person Yang Yan (楊炎)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 14
Relation Sovereign of · Person Xiao Fu (蕭復)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 132, 139
Relation Employed · Person Cui Youfu (崔祐甫)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 51, passage 170
Relation Sovereign of · Person Liu Congyi (劉從一)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passages 107, 110
Relation Treated generously · Person Liu Congyi (劉從一)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 110
Relation Ruler of · Person Dong Jin (董晉)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 16, passages 345-346
Relation Ruler of · Person Wang Shao (王紹)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passage 213
Relation Ruler of · Person Guo Ziyi (郭子儀)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 192, 195
Relation Ruler of · Person Pei Xu (裴谞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passages 190, 192
Relation Appointed · Person Yan Li (嚴礪)
Strongly inferred · New Book of Tang 144, passages 221-222

Assessments and attributes

Assessment a literary and Confucian gentleman who nevertheless knew army feelings a thousand li away · Target Person Id Liu Hun (柳渾) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 230
Assessment benevolent and filial; followed the law even toward kin · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passage 93
Assessment bookish and unversed in frontier affairs · Target Person Id Liu Hun (柳渾) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 226
Assessment commended Jifu's ritual draft · With Li Jifu (李吉甫) · Mode named-person-speech Speaker Dezong (德宗)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 146, passage 62
AD 782 建中三年正月
Assessment deeply accepted Zhang Yi's memorial · Mode historian-judgment
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 44
Assessment dismissed worthy chief ministers and placed treacherous ministers, bringing about the disorders of Zhu Ci and Huai Guang; this was losing the right men · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 129, passage 246

Show 8 more source-backed claims

Assessment indulging the frontier commands · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 160, passage 26
Assessment mourned and prized draft memorial · With Zhao Jing (趙憬) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 150, passage 131
Assessment praised the remonstrance but would not reform · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 45, passage 208
Assessment stern-scrutiny-feared-by-court-and-countryside · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 182
Assessment suspicious-and-sparing-of-kindness-but-punishments-not-greatly-abused · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 56, passage 209
Assessment understood expedient adaptation and saw clearly across the realm · Mode public-opinion
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 126, passage 144
Assessment Xiaowen upheld ritual; Way flourished in princely mansions · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 150, passages 209-210
advanced in years (春秋高)
AD 798 貞元十四年 · Age
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 154

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 112, passage 146; Old Book of Tang 113, passage 165; Old Book of Tang 126, passages 46, 64, 123; Old Book of Tang 127, passages 91, 202; Old Book of Tang 129, passages 20, 107, 139, 164, 220, 246; Old Book of Tang 153, passages 109, 154; New Book of Tang 45, passage 171; New Book of Tang 51, passage 170; New Book of Tang 54, passage 210; New Book of Tang 55, passage 137; New Book of Tang 56, passages 145, 209; New Book of Tang 64, passage 187; New Book of Tang 138, passage 144; New Book of Tang 144, passages 154, 218; New Book of Tang 172, passage 11; New Book of Tang 173, passage 36
Value historical
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 181; New Book of Tang 146, passage 86
Had ruled many years; key affairs no longer passed through the Secretariat; after Dou Can and Lu Zhi, chancellors were figureheads.
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 127, passage 212

References in the histories

Search passages

History

223 passages

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 112Volume 108 Biographies 58: Wei Jiansu, Cui Yuan, Cui Huan, Du Hongjian · 3 passages

Open chapter

德宗幸奉天，四方握兵，未有至者。 When Dezong fled to Fengtian, none of the regional commanders holding troops had yet reached him.

及行幸梁州，左右或短之曰：「縱素善懷光，今不來矣。」 When the emperor fled to Liang Prefecture, some at court whispered, "Zong has always been close to Huaiguang; he will not come now."

上曰：「他人不知縱，吾可保其心。」 The emperor replied, "Others do not know Zong as I do. I can trust his loyalty."

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 117Volume 113 Biographies 63: Miao Jingqing, Pei Mian, Pei Zunqing · 2 passages

Open chapter

德宗季年，天下方鎮副亻卒多自選於朝，防一日有變，遂就而授之節制。 Late in Emperor Dezong's reign, deputy commanders for the regional armies were often chosen in advance at court, so that if trouble arose they could immediately be given full military commission.

向已選為太原少尹，德宗召見喻旨，尋用為行軍司馬、兼御史中丞，改汾州刺史，轉鄭州。 Xiang had been selected as junior prefect of Taiyuan. Emperor Dezong summoned him, explained his intentions, and soon appointed him campaigning marshal and vice censor-in-chief, then prefect of Fen and later of Zheng.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 127Volume 123 Biographies 73: Liu Yan, Di Wuqi, Ban Hong, Ban Shao, Li Xun · 13 passages

Open chapter

德宗嗣位，言事者稱轉運可罷多矣。 When Emperor Dezong succeeded, many memorialists urged abolishing the transport commission.

炎因對敭流涕奏言：「賴祖宗福祐，先皇與陛下不為賊臣所間。 Yang seized an audience to declare tearfully: "Thanks to our ancestors' blessing, the late emperor and Your Majesty were not estranged by treacherous ministers.

崔祐甫奏言：「此事曖昧，陛下以廓然大赦，不當究尋虛語。」 Cui Youfu replied: "This matter is vague; Your Majesty has proclaimed a broad amnesty and should not pursue idle rumor."

準乃奏晏與硃泚書祈救解，言多怨望，炎又證成其事，上以為然。 Yu Zhun reported that Yan had written to the rebel Zhu Ci pleading for rescue, his language seething with grievance; Yang Yan bolstered the accusation, and the emperor believed it.

貞元五年，上悟，方錄晏子執經，授太常博士； In 789, once the emperor realized his error, he took Yan's son Zhijing into service and appointed him erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices;

紹奉佶表詣闕，屬德宗西幸，紹乃督緣路輕貨，趣金、商路，倍程出洋州以赴行在。 Wang Shao bore Bao Ji's memorial to the capital. When Emperor Dezong was forced west, Shao took charge of light goods along the route, hastened via the Jin and Shang roadways, and at double speed crossed through Yang Prefecture to reach the imperial party.

德宗親勞之，謂紹曰：「六軍未有春服，我猶衣裘。」 Emperor Dezong received him in person and said to Wang Shao, "The armies have no spring clothing, and I still wear furs."

上曰：道路回遠，經費懸急，卿之所奏，豈可望耶？」 The emperor replied, "The roads are long and difficult, and funds are desperately needed. What you report—can we really expect it?"

後五日而所督繼至，上深賴焉。 Five days later the goods he had overseen began arriving, and the emperor relied deeply on him.

德宗臨馭歲久，機務不由臺司，自竇參、陸贄已後，宰臣備位而已。 Emperor Dezong had ruled for many years, and important business no longer ran through the Secretariat. After Dou Can and Lu Zhi, chancellors were little more than figureheads.

德宗以紹謹密，恩遇特異，凡主重務八年，政之大小，多所訪決。 Emperor Dezong valued Wang Shao for his caution and discretion and showered him with exceptional favor. He held major responsibilities for eight years, and on matters large and small the emperor frequently sought his judgment.

然性強很狡惡，忌刻頗甚，乘德宗之怒，謀殺竇參，物論冤之。 Yet he was by nature stubborn, ruthless, and deeply jealous. Exploiting Emperor Dezong's wrath he engineered the death of Dou Can—a killing widely regarded as unjust.

及參之貶，士寧嘗以絹數千匹賂參，巽在湖南具奏其事，言參與籓鎮交通，德宗怒，遂賜參死，議者冤之。 When Dou Can was demoted, Liu Shining had once given him several thousand bolts of silk as a bribe. Reporting from Hunan, Li Xun laid out the full story, accusing Can of trafficking with frontier military governors. Emperor Dezong was enraged and ordered Dou Can executed—a death many considered a miscarriage of justice.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 129Volume 125 Biographies 75: Zhang Yi, Liu Congyi, Xiao Fu, Liu Hun · 31 passages

Open chapter

德宗即位，除江南西道都團練觀察使、洪州刺史、兼御史中丞，征拜吏部侍郎，尋除河中晉絳都防禦觀察使。 When Emperor Dezong took the throne, Zhang Yi was appointed overall training and observation commissioner of Jiangnan West Circuit, prefect of Hongzhou, and concurrently vice censor-in-chief. He was then summoned to serve as vice minister of the Ministry of Personnel and soon afterward appointed defense and observation commissioner of Hezhong, Jin, and Jiang.

伏見趙縱為奴所告下獄，人皆震懼，未測聖情。 I observe that Zhao Zong was reported by a slave and sent to prison. Everyone is shaken with fear, unable to discern Your Majesty's intent.

陛下方誅群賊，大用武臣，雖見寵於當時，恐息望於他日。 Your Majesty is now executing rebels and greatly employing military ministers. Though they are favored in the present, I fear their hopes will be extinguished hereafter.

太宗之令典尚在，陛下之明詔始行，一朝偕違，不與眾守，於教化恐失，於刑法恐煩，所益悉無，所傷至廣。 Emperor Taizong's authoritative precedent still stands, and Your Majesty's enlightened edict has only just been promulgated. To violate both at once and not abide with the rest—in moral instruction there will likely be loss, and in penal law there will likely be trouble. The benefit is entirely absent, while the harm is far-reaching.

臣非私趙縱，非惡此奴，叨居股肱，職在匡弼，斯昌大體，敢不極言。 I am not acting privately for Zhao Zong, nor do I bear personal hatred toward this slave. Occupying a place at Your Majesty's right hand, my duty is to assist and correct. On a matter of such broad principle, I dare not speak less than fully.

伏乞聖慈，納臣愚懇。 I humbly beg Your Majesty's compassion to accept my earnest plea.

上深納之，縱於是左貶而已，當千杖殺之。 The emperor deeply accepted the memorial. Zhao Zong was merely demoted, and Dangqian was beaten to death.

盧杞忌鎰名重道直，無以陷之，以方用兵西邊，杞乃偽請行，上固以不可，因薦鎰以中書侍郎為鳳翔隴右節度使代硃泚，與吐蕃相尚結贊等盟於清水。 Lu Qi resented Zhang Yi's great reputation and upright conduct and had no means to entrap him. As troops were then being deployed on the western frontier, Qi falsely offered to go in person. The emperor firmly refused, and Qi therefore recommended Zhang Yi, with the title of vice director of the Secretariat, as military governor of Fengxiang-Longyou to replace Zhu Ci. Zhang Yi then entered into an alliance with the Tibetan minister Shang Jiezan and others at Qingshui.

皇帝踐阼，湣茲黎元，乃釋俘囚悉歸蕃落。 The emperor ascended the throne, pitying the common people, and released captives and prisoners, returning them all to Tibetan settlements.

德宗將幸奉天，鎰竊知之，將迎鑾駕，具財貨服用獻行在。 Emperor Dezong was about to proceed to Fengtian. Zhang Yi learned of it privately and prepared to welcome the imperial carriage, assembling wealth, goods, and clothing to present at the traveling palace.

德宗居奉天，拜刑部侍郎、平章事，從幸梁州。 When Emperor Dezong resided at Fengtian, Congyi was appointed vice minister of the Ministry of Punishments and Grand Councilor, and accompanied the emperor to Liangzhou.

上不悅，又請別對，奏云：「陛下臨禦之初，聖德光被，自用楊炎、盧杞秉政，惛瀆皇猷，以致今日。 The emperor was displeased. Fu again requested a separate audience and memorialized, saying, "When Your Majesty first assumed the throne, sage virtue shone abroad. Since Yang Yan and Lu Qi were entrusted with government, they have befouled the imperial design and brought about the present crisis.

今雖危急，伏願陛下深革睿思，微臣敢當此任。 Though the situation is now critical, I humbly wish Your Majesty would deeply reform your deliberations. Your humble servant dares undertake this charge.

盧杞奏對於上前，阿諛順旨，復正色曰：「杞之詞不正。」 Lu Qi answered before the emperor, flattering and following his intent. Fu said sternly, "Qi's words are not upright."

德宗愕然，退謂左右曰：「蕭復頗輕朕。」 Emperor Dezong was startled. Withdrawing, he told his attendants, "Xiao Fu rather looks down on me."

復江南使回，與宰相同對訖，復獨留，奏曰：「陛下自返宮闕，勛臣已蒙官爵，唯旌善懲惡，未有區分。 When Fu returned from his Jiangnan mission, after answering together with the chief ministers he alone remained and memorialized, saying, "Since Your Majesty returned to the palace, meritorious ministers have already received ranks and titles, yet in honoring good and punishing evil there has been no distinction.

上許之。 The emperor approved.

復曰：「適來奏對，亦聞斯旨，然未諭聖心，已面陳述，上意尚爾，復未敢言其事。」 Fu said, "In the audience just now I also heard this intent, but I had not yet understood the emperor's mind. I already stated it face to face, and the emperor's intent is still unchanged, so I did not dare speak of the matter."

從一奏之，上浸不悅。 Liu Congyi reported it, and the emperor gradually became displeased.

德宗怒，幽主於別第，李萬決殺，升貶嶺南，蕭鼎、韋恪決四十，長流嶺表。 Emperor Dezong was enraged. The princess was confined in a separate residence. Li Wan was executed by decapitation. Li Sheng was demoted to Lingnan. Xiao Ding and Wei Ke were sentenced to forty blows and long exile beyond the Ling mountains.

時上命玉工為帶，墜壞一銙，乃私市以補； At that time the emperor ordered a jade artisan to make a belt. One link fell and broke, and the artisan privately bought one on the market to replace it;

及獻，上指曰：「此何不相類？」 When it was presented, the emperor pointed and said, "Why are these not alike?"

工人伏罪，上命決死。 The artisan confessed guilt, and the emperor ordered immediate execution.

詔至中書，渾執曰：「陛下若便殺則已，若下有司，即須議讞。 When the edict reached the Secretariat, Hun held it and said, "If Your Majesty wishes to kill him at once, so be it. If the matter goes to the relevant offices, then judgment must be deliberated.

上可其奏。 The emperor approved his memorial.

先時，韓滉自浙西入覲，朝廷委政待之，至於調兵食，籠鹽鐵，勾官吏贓罰，鋤豪強兼並，上悉仗焉。 Earlier, Han Huang came from Zhexi to attend court. The court entrusted him with government and relied on him for adjusting troops and provisions, controlling salt and iron, investigating official corruption, and uprooting powerful families' encroachments. The emperor wholly depended on him.

及渾瑊與吐蕃會盟之日，上御便殿謂宰相曰：「和戎息師，國之大計，今日將士與卿同歡。」 On the day when Hun Zhen allied with Tibet, the emperor attended the informal hall and told the chief ministers, "Making peace with the barbarians and resting the armies is a great plan of state. Today soldiers and ministers rejoice together with you."

上變色曰：「柳渾書生，未達邊事； The emperor changed color and said, "Liu Hun is a bookish man and does not understand frontier affairs;

其夜三更，邠寧節度韓遊瑰飛驛叩苑門，奏盟會不成，將校覆沒，兵臨近鎮，上驚嘆，即遞其表以示渾。 That night at the third watch, Binning military governor Han Yougui sent a fast courier to knock at the park gate, reporting that the alliance meeting failed, generals and officers were wiped out, and troops pressed the nearby garrison. The emperor exclaimed in alarm and immediately forwarded the memorial to show Liu Hun.

自此驟加禮異。 From this point the emperor suddenly added special honors.

德宗黜賢相，位奸臣，致硃泚、懷光之亂，是失其人也，豈尤其時哉！ Emperor Dezong dismissed worthy chief ministers and placed treacherous ministers in rank, bringing about the disorders of Zhu Ci and Huai Guang. This was losing the right men. How can one blame the times alone!

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 130Volume 126 Biographies 76: Li Kui, Li Han, Chen Shaoyou, Lu Yue, Pei Xu · 3 passages

Open chapter

德宗在山南，令充入蕃會盟使，加左僕射。 While Dezong was in exile in Shannan, Kui was appointed envoy to Tibet for the peace conference and promoted to Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs.

德宗即位，以涵和易，無剸割之才，除太子少傅，充山陵副使。 When Dezong came to the throne he judged Han too mild for hard decisions and made him junior tutor of the heir apparent and deputy commissioner for the imperial tombs.

上即位，累加檢校禮部、兵部尚書。 When Dezong came to the throne, Shaoyou was repeatedly promoted to acting minister of rites and minister of war.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 131Volume 127 Biographies 77: Yao Lingyan, Zhang Guangcheng, Yuan Xiu, Qiao Lin, Zhang She, Jiang Zhen, Hong Jinglun, Peng Yan · 4 passages

Open chapter

德宗令普王與學士姜公輔往撫勞之，才出內門，賊已斬關，陣於丹鳳樓下。 Dezong ordered Prince Pu and Academician Jiang Gongfu to go and comfort them. They had barely left the inner gate when the rebels had already broken through the passes and formed battle lines below Danfeng Tower.

是日，德宗倉卒出幸，賊縱入府庫輦運，極力而止。 That day Dezong fled the capital in haste. The rebels entered the storehouses and drove off cartloads of goods until they could carry no more.

德宗在春宮，受經於涉。 When Dezong was heir apparent he received the classics from She.

德宗曰：「叔明此奏，可為天下通制，不唯劍南一道。」 Dezong said: "Shuming's memorial may serve as a general regulation for the realm, not only for the Jiannan circuit."

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 135Volume 131 Biographies 81: Li Mian; Li Gao and His Sons Xianggu and Daogu · 2 passages

Open chapter

德宗嗣位，加檢校吏部尚書，尋加平章事。 When Emperor Dezong succeeded to the throne, Mian was made acting minister of personnel and soon appointed chief councilor.

德宗居奉天，淮南節度陳少游強取鹽鐵錢，其使包佶以財幣溯江，次於蘄口。 While Emperor Dezong was at Fengtian, Chen Shaoyou, military commissioner of Huainan, forcibly seized salt-and-iron revenues. The envoy Bao Ji sailed upriver with the treasury goods and halted at Qikou.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 157Volume 153 Biographies 103: Yao Nanzhong, Liu Nai, Yuan Gao, Duan Pingzhong, Xue Cuncheng, Lu Tan · 23 passages

Open chapter

監軍薛盈珍恃勢奪軍政，南仲數為盈珍讒毀，德宗頗疑之。 Army supervisor Xue Yingzhen used his power to seize control of military affairs. Yingzhen slandered Nanzhong repeatedly, and Dezong grew quite suspicious of him.

上聞其事，頗駭異之。 When the emperor heard of the affair, he was deeply startled.

德宗曰：「盈珍擾軍政耶？」 Dezong asked, 'Did Yingzhen interfere with military administration?'

南仲對曰：「勇珍不擾軍政，臣自隳陛下法耳。 Nanzhong replied, 'Yingzhen did not interfere with military affairs. I am the one who has broken Your Majesty's law.

上默然久之。 The emperor was silent for a long time.

其冬，涇師作亂，駕幸奉天。 That winter the Jing army mutinied and the emperor fled to Fengtian.

及聞輿駕再幸梁州，乃自投於床，搏膺呼天，因是危惙，絕食數日而卒，時年六十。 When he heard the emperor had again fled to Liangzhou, he threw himself on his bed, beat his breast, and cried to Heaven. He fell critically ill, fasted for several days, and died at sixty.

德宗還京，聞迺之忠烈，追贈禮部尚書。 When Dezong returned to the capital and heard of Nai's loyal martyrdom, he posthumously made him Minister of Rites.

貞元元年，德宗復用吉州長史盧杞為饒州刺史，令高草詔書。 In Zhenyuan 1 Dezong again appointed Lu Qi, former senior administrator of Jizhou, prefect of Raozhou and ordered Gao to draft the edict.

高又於正殿奏云：「陛下用盧杞獨秉鈞軸，前後三年，棄斥忠良，附下罔上，使陛下越在草莽，皆杞之過。 Gao again addressed the throne in the main hall: 'Your Majesty employed Lu Qi alone as chancellor for three years, casting out the loyal, currying favor below and deceiving above, and driving Your Majesty into exile—all Qi's fault.

杞罪合至死，陛下好生惡殺，赦杞萬死，唯貶新州司馬，旋復遷移。 Qi's crime deserved death. Your Majesty loves life and hates killing and pardoned him from death, demoting him only to militia commander of Xinzhou, yet soon moved him again.

伏惟聖意裁擇。」 I beg Your Majesty to decide.'

上謂曰：「盧杞有不逮，是朕之過。」 The emperor said, 'Where Lu Qi fell short, the fault was mine.'

上曰：「朕已有赦。」 The emperor said, 'I have already issued an amnesty.'

於是，諫官爭論於上前，上良久謂曰：「若與盧杞刺史太優，與上佐可乎？」 Thereupon remonstrance officials argued before the throne. After a long silence the emperor said, 'If prefect is too generous, would senior administrator suffice?'

太子少保韋倫、太府卿張獻恭等奏：「袁高所奏至當，高是陛下一良臣，望加優異。」 Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent Wei Lun, Minister of the Imperial Treasury Zhang Xiangong, and others submitted, 'Yuan Gao's memorial was entirely right. Gao is a good minister of Your Majesty. I hope he may receive special favor.'

貞元二年，上以關輔祿山之後，百姓貧乏，田疇荒穢，詔諸道進耕牛，待諸道觀察使各選揀牛進貢，委京兆府勸課民戶，勘責有地無牛百姓，量其地著，以牛均給之。 In Zhenyuan 2, because after the An Lushan rebellion the Guan region's people were poor and fields lay waste, the emperor ordered all circuits to present plow oxen. Each circuit's commissioner was to select oxen for tribute, and the Metropolitan Prefecture was to encourage farming, identify peasants with land but no oxen, measure their holdings, and distribute oxen evenly.

時德宗春秋高，多自聽斷。 Dezong was advanced in years and often decided matters himself.

由是庶務壅隔，事或不理，中外畏上嚴察，無敢言者。 Routine affairs piled up blocked and matters sometimes went unsettled. Court and countryside feared the emperor's stern scrutiny and none dared speak.

平仲嘗謂人曰：「主上聰明神武，臣下畏懼不言，自循默耳。 Pingzhong once said, 'The sovereign is intelligent and martial. His subjects fear him and stay silent—that is all.

上察平仲意有所蓄，以歸在側不言。 The emperor saw that Pingzhong had more to say. Because Gui stood beside him and said nothing,

上因兼留歸問之，聲色甚厲，雜以他語。 the emperor detained Gui as well and questioned him in a stern voice, mingling other topics.

上怒，叱出之。 The emperor was angry and shouted him out.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 160Volume 156 Biographies 106: Yu Di, Han Hong, Wang Zhixing · 5 passages

Open chapter

觀察使王緯奏其事，德宗不省。 Surveillance commissioner Wang Wei reported the affair, but Emperor Dezong took no notice.

時德宗方姑息方鎮，聞頔事狀，亦無可奈何，但允順而已。 Dezong was then indulging the military governors; hearing of Di's conduct, he could only acquiesce.

德宗怒，笞之數十。 Dezong was furious and had him flogged several dozen strokes.

及敕下，頔怒已解，復奏請為判官，德宗皆從之。 When the edict arrived, Di's anger had passed; he petitioned to have Xue back as his aide, and Dezong agreed to everything.

德宗發朔方軍五千人隨智興赴之，淄青圍解。 Dezong sent five thousand Shuo-fang troops with Zhixing to the rescue, and the Ziqing siege was broken.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 143Volume 143: Treatises 5 Rites 2 · 2 passages

Open chapter

昔德宗朝，將行禘祫之禮，顏真卿議請奉獻祖居東向之位，景皇帝暫居昭穆之列，考之於貞元，則以為誤，行之於今日，正得其禮。 In Dezong's reign, when di and collective sacrifices were planned, Yan Zhenqing proposed placing Xianzu in the east-facing seat and Emperor Jing temporarily in the zhao-mu ranks; judged by Zhenyuan standards that had been an error, but applied today it would be exactly proper ritual.

德宗朝，博士陸淳議，準禮用祝版，祭已燔之，可其議。 In Dezong's reign, Erudite Lu Chun argued that ritual required prayer boards to be burned after the sacrifice; his proposal was approved.

History of Liao, Chapter 99Volume 99 Biographies 29: Xiao Yanshou, Yelu Sala, Xiao Susa, Yelu Tabuye, Xiao Tabuye, Xiao Hugu, Yelu Shiliu · 1 passage

Open chapter

昔唐德宗因亂失母，思慕悲傷，孝道益著。 Tang Dezong once lost his mother in the turmoil of rebellion; his longing and grief made his filial devotion all the more renowned.

History of Song, Chapter 110Volume 110 Treatises 63: Rites 13 · 2 passages

Open chapter

時翰林學士朱震言：“唐德宗建中上太后沈氏尊號時，沈太后莫知所在，猶供張含元殿，具袞冕，出左序，立東方，再拜奉冊。 At the time Hanlin Academician Zhu Zhen said: "When Tang Dezong in the Jianzhong era conferred an honorific title on Empress Dowager Shen, her whereabouts were unknown. Yet the court still prepared Hanyuan Hall, laid out the ceremonial robe and cap, came out from the left sequence, stood facing east, and bowed twice in presenting the patent.

德宗以大曆十四年即位，明年改元建中，時行易月之製，故以冕服行事。 Dezong ascended the throne in Dali 14 and changed the era name to Jianzhong the following year. At that time the shortened-month mourning regulation was in force, so he performed the ceremony in cap and robe.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 16Volume 16 Treatises 6: Rites and Music 6 · 1 passage

Open chapter

貞元三年八月，日有食之，有司將伐鼓，德宗不許。 In the eighth month of the third year of Zhenyuan, there was an eclipse; the responsible office was about to beat drums; Emperor Dezong did not permit it.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 21Volume 21 Treatises 11: Rites and Music 11 · 1 passage

Open chapter

獻祖曰光大之舞，懿祖曰長發之舞，太祖曰大政之舞，世祖曰大成之舞，高祖曰大明之舞，太宗曰崇德之舞，高宗曰鈞天之舞，中宗曰太和之舞，睿宗曰景雲之舞，玄宗曰大運之舞，肅宗曰惟新之舞，代宗曰保大之舞，德宗曰文明之舞，順宗曰大順之舞，憲宗曰象德之舞，穆宗曰和寧之舞，敬宗曰大鈞之舞，文宗曰文成之舞，武宗曰大定之舞，昭宗曰咸寧之舞。 Offered Ancestor: Guangda; Respected Ancestor: Changfa; Great Ancestor: Dazheng; World Ancestor: Dacheng; High Ancestor: Daming; Taizong: Chongde; Gaozong: Juntian; Zhongzong: Taihe; Ruizong: Jingyun; Xuanzong: Dayun; Suzong: Weixin; Daizong: Baoda; Dezong: Wenming; Shunzong: Dashun; Xianzong: Xiangde; Muzong: Hening; Jingzong: Dajun; Wenzong: Wencheng; Wuzong: Dading; Zhaozong: Xianning.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 22Volume 22 Treatises 12: Rites and Music 12 · 3 passages

Open chapter

自肅宗以後，皆以生日為節，而德宗不立節，然止於群臣稱觴上壽而已。 After Suzong emperors marked birthdays as holidays; Dezong refused the practice, limiting celebration to ministers' toast for long life.

昭義軍節度使王虔休以德宗誕辰未有大樂，乃作《繼天誕聖樂》，以宮為調，帝因作《中和樂舞》。 Wang Qianxiu of Zhaoyi, finding no grand piece for Dezong's birthday, wrote Continuing Heaven Birthday Sage Music in palace mode; the emperor answered with Central Harmony Dance.

德宗閱於麟德殿，以授太常工人，自是殿庭宴則立奏，宮中則坐奏。 Dezong reviewed it at Linde Hall and passed it to court craftsmen; thereafter hall feasts used standing performance, palace feasts seated.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 45Volume 45 Treatises 40: Selecting and Appointing Officials 2 · 2 passages

Open chapter

至德宗時，試太常寺協律郎沈既濟極言其敝曰： Under Dezong, Shen Jiji, a probationary harmonizing officer of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, denounced the abuses at length:

天子雖嘉其言，而重於改作，訖不能用。 The emperor praised him but feared sweeping reform and never adopted the plan.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 51Volume 51 Treatises 47: Finance and Economics 1 · 1 passage

Open chapter

德宗即位，用宰相崔祐甫，拘客省者出之，食度支者遣之，歲省費萬計。 When Dezong succeeded, Cui Youfu released Guest Bureau detainees and cut treasury deadwood, saving tens of thousands yearly.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 52Volume 52 Treatises 48: Finance and Economics 2 · 14 passages

Open chapter

至德宗相楊炎，遂作兩稅法，夏輸無過六月，秋輸無過十一月。 When Dezong elevated Yang Yan to chief minister, he enacted the Two-Tax Law, setting a summer deadline in the sixth month and an autumn deadline in the eleventh.

而德宗方信用炎，不疑也。 Dezong, however, was wholly convinced by Yang Yan and would not be swayed.

初，太常博士韋都賓、陳京請借富商錢，德宗以問度支杜佑，以為軍費裁支數月，幸得商錢五百萬緡，可支半歲。 Erudites of the Imperial Ancestral Temple Wei Dubin and Chen Jing first proposed borrowing from rich merchants. Dezong consulted Du You, director of revenue, who replied that army funds would last only a few months but that five million strings from merchants could sustain the war for half a year.

陛下即位，京城兩市置常平官，雖頻年少雨，米不騰貴，可推而廣之，宜兼儲布帛。 Since Your Majesty's accession, ever-normal officers in the capital's two markets have kept grain prices steady despite poor rains. The system should be expanded, and cloth and silk stockpiled as well.

德宗納其策。 Dezong accepted the plan.

帝以問宰相陸贄，贄上疏請釐革其甚害者，大略有六：其一曰： The emperor asked chief minister Lu Zhi for remedy. Zhi memorialized with six major reforms. The first point:

陛下初即位，宜損上益下，嗇用節財，而摘郡邑，驗簿書，州取大曆中一年科率多者為兩稅定法，此總無名之暴賦而立常規也。 On accession you should have eased burdens on the people; instead each province's highest Dali-era annual exaction became the fixed two-tax quota—turning arbitrary surcharges into permanent law.

陛下變為兩稅，督納有時，貪暴無容其姦。 Your Majesty's two-tax reform timed collection and checked official extortion.

初，德宗居奉天，儲畜空窘，嘗遣卒視賊，以苦寒乞襦絝，帝不能致，剔親王帶金而鬻之。 Early in Dezong's refuge at Fengtian, stores were bare. Soldiers scouting rebels begged for winter coats the emperor could not supply; he sold princes' belt gold instead.

朱泚既平，於是帝屬意聚斂，常賦之外，進奉不息。 After Zhu Ci's defeat, Dezong turned to hoarding; beyond regular taxes, "presented tribute" never stopped.

自裴延齡用事，益為天子積私財，而生民重困。 Under Pei Yanling the emperor's private hoard grew and the people suffered doubly.

帝悅，以為然。 The emperor agreed and was pleased.

帝許之。 The emperor approved.

是時，因德宗府庫之積，頗約費用，天子身服澣濯。 Thanks to Dezong's hoard, Xianzong cut spending and wore patched robes.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 53Volume 53 Treatises 43: Finance and Economics 3 · 4 passages

Open chapter

貞元初，關輔宿兵，米斗千錢，太倉供天子六宮之膳不及十日，禁中不能釀酒，以飛龍駝負永豐倉米給禁軍，陸運牛死殆盡。 Early in Zhenyuan (785), with troops garrisoning Guanzhong, rice hit a thousand cash per dou. The Great Granary could feed court and harem less than ten days. The palace could not brew wine. Imperial camels hauled Yongfeng grain to the guards while overland oxen died off.

德宗以給事中崔造敢言，為能立事，用為相。 Dezong made Supervising Secretary Cui Zao chancellor for his blunt counsel and reputation for action.

帝亦雅器滉，復以為江淮轉運使。 The emperor respected Huang and reappointed him Jiang-Huai transport commissioner.

帝乃命度支增估糴粟三十三萬斛，然不能盡用贄議。 The emperor ordered the treasury to buy an extra 330,000 hu at premium prices but did not adopt Zhi's full plan.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 54Volume 54 Treatises 50: Finance and Economics 3 · 3 passages

Open chapter

初，德宗納戶部侍郎趙贊議，稅天下茶、漆、竹、木，十取一，以為常平本錢。 Initially Dezong adopted Vice Minister Zhao Zan's plan to tax tea, lacquer, bamboo, and timber nationwide at ten percent to fund Ever-Normal Granary reserves.

德宗時戶部侍郎韓洄建議，山澤之利宜歸王者，自是皆隸鹽鐵使。 Under Dezong, Vice Minister Han Hui argued that mineral revenues should belong to the throne; thereafter all mines fell under the Salt and Iron administration.

德宗從之。 Dezong approved.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 55Volume 55 Treatises 51: Finance and Economics 4 · 1 passage

Open chapter

德宗即位，詔黃籍與白簿皆上有司。 On Dezong's accession an edict restored submission of both yellow registers and white booklets to the proper agencies.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 56Volume 56 Treatises 52: Punishment and Law · 2 passages

Open chapter

至德宗時，詔中書門下選律學之士，取至德以來制敕奏讞，掇其可為法者藏之，而不名書。 Under Dezong, the Secretariat and Chancellery were ordered to select legal scholars, gather edicts, memorials, and judicial reports since the Zhide era, extract provisions fit to serve as law, and store them in an untitled compilation.

德宗性猜忌少恩，然用刑無大濫。 Dezong was suspicious by nature and sparing of kindness, yet punishments under him were not greatly abused.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 64Volume 64 Tables 4: Military Commanderies 1 · 1 passage

Open chapter

初，隴右節度兵入屯秦州，尋徙岐州，及吐蕃陷隴右，德宗置行秦州，以刺史兼隴右經略使，治普潤，以鳳翔節度使領隴右支度營田觀察使。 At first Longyou troops were posted at Qin Prefecture and soon shifted to Qi; after the Tibetans overran Longyou, Dezong created an Acting Qin Prefecture whose prefect doubled as Longyou pacification commissioner at Purun, while the Fengxiang military commissioner took charge of Longyou supply, garrison-fields, and observation duties.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 70Volume 70 Tables 10A: Imperial Clan Lineages 1A · 1 passage

Open chapter

德宗德宗神武孝文皇帝十一子。 Emperor Dezong had eleven sons.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 138Volume 138 Biographies 63: · 11 passages

Open chapter

德宗在東宮聞之，不喜。 The crown prince, later Dezong, heard of this and took offense.

德宗嗣位，檢校工部尚書，領昭義節度使。 When Dezong succeeded, Baozhen was made Acting Minister of Works and full Zhaoyi Military Commissioner.

帝蒼卒狩奉天，聞問，諸將皆哭，各引麾下還屯。 When the emperor fled in haste to Fengtian, the generals wept at the news and each led his troops back to camp.

天子下罪己詔，並赦群盜。 The emperor issued an edict of self-reproach and granted a general amnesty to the rebels.

抱真將自造其壁，諉軍事于司馬盧玄卿曰：「吾此行，系時安危，使遂不還，部勒以聽天子命，惟子； Baozhen resolved to visit Wujun in person. He entrusted military affairs to his marshal Lu Xuanqing, saying, "This journey bears on the fate of the realm. If I do not return, hold the army to the emperor's command—that is yours alone;

足下既不能與競長雄，舍九葉天子而臣反虜乎？ If you cannot match them, will you abandon the Son of Heaven of nine generations to serve rebels?

且詔書罪己，禹、湯之心也。 The emperor's edict of self-reproach is the spirit of Yu and Tang.

方上暴露播越，公能自安乎？」 The sovereign wanders in hardship and exile—can you rest at ease?"

天子已聞抱真喪，遣使者馳入軍，詔以事屬大將王延貴。 The emperor had already learned of Baozhen's death and sent an envoy racing to the army, ordering that command pass to the senior general Wang Yangui.

德宗立，陰賕宰相楊炎，炎錄前效，更拜兵部尚書、東都留守。 When Dezong succeeded, Sigong secretly bribed Chancellor Yang Yan, who cited his past service and reappointed him Minister of War and resident of the Eastern Capital.

德宗時，李泌為相，號得君。 Under Dezong, Li Bi served as chancellor and was known as a favorite of the emperor.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 140Volume 140 Biographies 65: Cui Miao, Two Pei's, Lu · 4 passages

Open chapter

粲，德宗時官至郎中，陸贄欲進粲官，帝不許，曰：「晉卿往攝政，有不臣之言。 Can, under Emperor Dezong, reached the office of director; Lu Zhi wished to promote him, but the emperor refused, saying, "When Jinqing served as regent he uttered words of disloyalty.

若陛下以晉卿奸邪，粲等應坐，則當公議其罪； If Your Majesty holds Jinqing treacherous and evil and Can and his brothers deserve punishment, then their crime should be debated in public;

帝然之，而粲官終不顯。 The emperor agreed, yet Can's career never rose to prominence.

德宗末，方鎮之副，多自選於朝，以待有變，次授之，故向以選為太原少尹、行軍司馬，歷陜虢觀察使，以吏部尚書致仕。 Late in Emperor Dezong's reign deputies for frontier commands were often chosen from the capital to await emergencies and then assigned in turn; Xiang was thus selected as junior prefect of Taiyuan and campaigning chief military administrator, later served as regional inspector of Shan-Guo, and retired as minister of personnel.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 141Volume 141 Biographies 66: Cui, Deng, Wei, Wei, Li Han, Lu, Gao · 4 passages

Open chapter

德宗嘉之，署帛詔內蜜丸，授澄刑部尚書、汴滑節度使，澄未即宣，乃行勒訓士馬。 Dezong commended this, placed the silk edict within a wax pellet, and appointed Cheng minister of justice and military commissioner of Bian and Hua. Cheng did not announce it at once, but went out drilling and training troops and horses.

德宗以文場素為全義地，因用為淮西行營招討使，以陳許節度使上官涚副之，諸鎮兵皆屬。 Emperor Dezong, because Wenchang had always been Quanyi's patron, appointed him pacification commissioner for the Huainan West campaign, with Chenxu military governor Shangguan Shui as his deputy; troops from all the circuits were placed under his command.

貞元後，蕃臣缺，德宗必取本軍所喜戴者授之。 After the Zhenyuan era, when military commissioner posts on the frontier fell vacant, Dezong always appointed whomever the native army delighted in and honored.

德宗初，采訪使洪經綸言之，詔表闕於門。 At the beginning of Dezong's reign, investigation commissioner Hong Jinglun spoke of this, and an edict set up a commemorative arch at the gate.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 144Volume 144 Biographies 69: Lai, Tian, Hou, Cui, Yan · 12 passages

Open chapter

寧方在朝，軍無帥，德宗促寧進鎮。 With Ning at court and Shu leaderless, Dezong pressed him to return to his command.

炎業與有嫌，恐已入蜀不可制，即說帝曰：「蜀，天下之奧壤，自寧擅制，朝廷失外府十四年矣。 Yang Yan, already hostile, feared Ning would become uncontrollable in Shu and told the emperor, "Shu is the empire's richest redoubt; Ning has held it autonomously for fourteen years.

今寧雖來，以全師守蜀，賦稅入天子者與無地同。 Even now, if he returns with his full army, the court will receive no more revenue than if Shu did not exist.

帝曰：「卿策雲何？」 The emperor asked, "What do you propose?"

帝曰：「善。」 The emperor said, "Good."

朱泚亂，帝出居奉天，寧後數日至，帝喜甚。 When Zhu Ci rebelled and the emperor fled to Fengtian, Ning arrived a few days later to the emperor's great relief.

寧謂所親曰：「上聰明，從善如轉規，但為盧杞所惑至此爾。」 Ning told his intimates, "The emperor is wise and receptive to good counsel, but Lu Qi has led him to this pass."

帝命左右扶起之，乃召寧至朝堂，雲使宣慰江淮。 The emperor had him raised, summoned Ning to court, and pretended to send him to console Jianghuai.

初，命陸贄草制，贄索寧與泚書，將坐其事。 The emperor first ordered Lu Zhi to draft the edict; Lu Zhi asked for Ning's letter to Zhu Ci, intending to use it as evidence.

帝乃赦寧親屬，而歸其資雲。 The emperor then pardoned Ning's kin and restored his family's property.

德宗之幸，主饋餉有功。 During Emperor Dezong's flight from Chang'an he distinguished himself managing supplies.

詔下諫議大夫、給事中、補闕、拾遺合議，皆以為「礪資淺，士望輕，不宜授節制」，帝不從。 The court ordered remonstrance officials, attendants, and remembrancers to deliberate; all agreed that "Li was too shallow in qualification and too light in reputation to command a circuit," but the emperor overruled them.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 146Volume 146 Biographies 71: Two Li's · 8 passages

Open chapter

吉甫草具其儀，德宗稱善。 Jifu drafted the full ritual program, and Emperor Dezong commended it.

吐蕃遣使請尋盟，吉甫議：「德宗初，未得南詔，故與吐蕃盟。 Tibet sent envoys asking to renew the alliance; Jifu argued, "Early in Dezong's reign, before we had secured Nan Zhao, we allied with Tibet for that reason.

德宗以來，姑息蕃鎮，有終身不易地者。 Since Dezong's time the court had indulged military commissioners, and some held their posts for life without ever being transferred.

德宗時，義陽、義章二公主薨，詔起祠堂於墓百二十楹，費數萬計。 In Dezong's time the Princesses of Yiyang and Yizhang died; an edict ordered ancestral halls of one hundred twenty bays built at their tombs at a cost of tens of thousands.

吉甫曰：「德宗一切之恩，不可為法。 Jifu said, "Dezong's indiscriminate favors cannot serve as precedent.

後與高郢刺賊虛實及所以攻取者，白諸朝，德宗手詔褒答。 Later he and Gao Ye investigated the rebels' strengths and weaknesses and how to defeat them, reported to the court, and Dezong personally wrote an edict praising their work.

帝以鄘剛敢，拜宣慰使，持節直入其軍，大會士，喻以禍福，出監軍獄中，脫桎梏，使復位，眾不敢動。 The emperor, knowing Yong to be firm and bold, appointed him pacification commissioner; bearing imperial credentials he entered the camp, assembled the troops, explained the consequences of their actions, freed the supervisor from prison, restored him to office, and none dared resist.

既還，稱旨，遷郎中。 After his return he pleased the emperor and was promoted to director.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 150Volume 150 Biographies 75: Li, Chang, Zhao, Cui, Qi, Lu · 17 passages

Open chapter

德宗幸山南，揆素為盧杞所惡，用為入蕃會盟使，拜尚書左仆射。 When Emperor Dezong went to the south of the mountains, Kui had long been hated by Lu Qi, who sent him as envoy to the barbarians for a treaty alliance and had him appointed Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs.

德宗即位，袞奏貶崔祐甫為河南少尹。 When Emperor Dezong took the throne, Gun memorialized to demote Cui Youfu to Vice Governor of Henan.

李泌薦之，對殿中，占奏明辯，通古今，德宗欽悅，拜給事中。 Li Mi recommended him. When he faced the emperor in the hall his memorial replies were clear and eloquent and showed mastery of antiquity and the present. Emperor Dezong was deeply pleased and appointed him Drafting Attendant.

初，贄約共執退延齡，既對，贄極言其奸，帝色變，憬不為助，遂罷贄，乃始當國。 At first Zhi and Jing had agreed to join forces to remove Yanling. When they faced the throne, Zhi denounced Yanling's treachery at length until the emperor's face changed, but Jing offered no support. Zhi was dismissed, and only then did Jing take control of the government.

憬精治道，常以國本在選賢、節用、薄賦斂、寬刑罰，懇懇為天子言之。 Jing was deeply versed in statecraft and repeatedly urged the emperor, with great earnestness, that the nation's foundation rested on choosing worthy men, curbing expenditure, keeping taxes light, and moderating punishments.

陛下曰：『何必五也，十二可矣。』 Your Majesty replied: 'Why insist on half? One or two good men from ten would be enough.'

五議遺滯，曰：「陛下委宰輔舉才，不遍知也，則訪之庶僚； The fifth discourse, on neglected and stalled talent, said: "Your Majesty entrusts the chief ministers with recommending talent. When they do not know enough, inquiry passes to the common officials.

帝皆然之，下詔褒答。 The emperor agreed with every point and issued an edict commending and answering him.

其息上卒時稿奏，帝悼惜之。 His son submitted at his death the draft memorial he had been working on, and the emperor mourned him and prized the text.

朱泚亂，造輒馳檄比州，發所部兵二千以待命，德宗嘉之。 When Zhu Ci rose in rebellion, Zao at once sent proclamations to neighboring prefectures and mobilized two thousand troops from his command to await orders. Emperor Dezong commended him.

帝以為有禮，下詔慰勉，擢給事中。 The emperor judged his conduct honorable, issued an edict to comfort and encourage him, and promoted him to Drafting Attendant.

帝謂造敢言，為能立事，故不次用之。 The emperor said that Zao spoke boldly and could get things done, and therefore promoted him ahead of the usual order.

時滉方領轉運，有寵於帝，朝廷仰其須。 At the time Han Huang was still in charge of transport and enjoyed the emperor's favor; the court depended on him for supplies.

滉持不可改，帝重違之，復以滉滉為江淮轉運使，余如造請。 Huang insisted the arrangement could not be changed. Unwilling to override him, the emperor restored Han Huang as Jianghuai transport commissioner, while the rest of the plan went forward as Zao had proposed.

是秋，江淮米大集，帝美滉功，以滉專領度支諸道鹽鐵、轉運等使。 That autumn grain from the Jianghuai region poured in. The emperor praised Huang's achievement and put him in sole charge of expenditure, salt and iron, transport, and related offices for all circuits.

會德宗出奉天，鎰儒緩不知兵，部將李楚琳者，素慓悍，欲介賊為亂。 When Emperor Dezong fled to Fengtian, Zhang Yi was a bookish man, slow-moving and ignorant of war. A subordinate general named Li Chulin was naturally fierce and unruly and wanted to join the rebels in raising trouble.

因俯伏流涕，天子為感寤。 He then prostrated himself and wept, and the emperor was deeply moved.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 161Volume 161 Biographies 86: Zhang, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Xu, Wang, Feng, Yu · 7 passages

Open chapter

詔復用杞為刺史，薦與陳京、趙需等論杞奸惡傾覆不當用，入對挺確，德宗納之。 An edict was issued to reinstate Qi as prefect; Jian, together with Chen Jing, Zhao Xu, and others, argued that Qi's wickedness and his overturning of the realm made him unfit for appointment; appearing before the throne he spoke firmly, and Dezong accepted their view.

德宗初，為衢州刺史。 At the beginning of Dezong's reign he served as prefect of Quzhou.

德宗居奉天，繇禮部侍郎選為同州刺史。 When Dezong was at Fengtian, he was selected from vice minister of rites to be prefect of Tongzhou.

德宗悅，擢諫議大夫。 Dezong was pleased and promoted him to remonstrating censor.

從德宗出奉天，以膳部員外郎兼博士。 He followed Dezong to Fengtian and served as vice director of the Ministry of Court Revenues while also holding the doctorate.

德宗欲相裴延齡，與陽城交章言不可。 When Dezong wished to make Pei Yanling chief minister, he and Yang Cheng submitted linked memorials opposing it.

於是醴泉令缺，宰相高選，德宗曰：「前使澤潞不受幣者，其人清，可用也。」 Then the magistracy of Liquan fell vacant; the chief ministers made a careful selection; Dezong said, "The man who on the former mission to Ze-Lu would not accept gifts—that man is upright and can be used."

New Book of Tang, Chapter 172Volume 172 Biographies 97: Yu, Wang, Two Du's, Fan · 6 passages

Open chapter

然暴橫少恩，杖前部尉以逞憾，觀察使王緯以聞，德宗不省。 Yet he was brutal and unforgiving: he had a former subordinate commandant flogged to settle a personal score. Observation commissioner Wang Wei reported it, but Emperor Dezong paid no heed.

帝晚務姑息，頔所奏建，無不開允。 In his later years the emperor favored appeasement, and every proposal Di submitted won approval.

俄擅以兵取鄧州，天子未始誰何。 Before long he seized Dengzhou by force on his own authority, and the emperor never called him to account.

智興能駛步，奉表，不數日至京師告急，德宗出朔方軍五千擊納，解去，自是為徐特將。 Zhixing could run at great speed; he carried a memorial and reached the capital within days to report the crisis. Dezong dispatched five thousand Shuofang troops against Na and lifted the siege; from then on Zhixing was a special general of Xuzhou.

德宗既厭兵，大抵刺史重代易，至歷年不徙。 After the emperor wearied of campaigning, prefects were usually turned over often—though some lingered in office for years on end.

德宗立，召還。 Dezong's accession brought his recall to court.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 173Volume 173 Biographies 98: Pei Du · 1 passage

Open chapter

始，德宗時尚何伺，中朝士相過，金吾輒飛啟，宰相至闔門謝賓客。 Under Dezong the court still indulged the informer He Si: whenever officials called on one another the Golden Guards would report it at once, and chief ministers had to apologize at the palace gate for receiving guests.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 175Volume 175 Biographies 100: Dou, Liu, Two Zhangs, Yang, Xiong, Bai · 2 passages

Open chapter

後夏卿入為京兆尹，復言之德宗，擢為左拾遺。 When Xiaqing later became metropolitan magistrate of Jingzhao, he spoke for him again to Dezong, who appointed him Left Reminder.

德宗以諫議大夫召城，城未拜，詔寧即諭，與俱來。 Dezong summoned Cheng as Left Remonstrator; before Cheng accepted, the throne ordered Ning to urge him, and both arrived.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 184Volume 184 Biographies 109: Ma, Yang, Lu, Lu · 1 passage

Open chapter

父遺直，德宗時，以上書闕下，仕為濠州錄事參軍，客死姑蘇。 His father Yizhi, in Dezong's time, entered office by submitting a memorial at court and served as recording secretary of Haozhou, dying away from home in Gusu.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 194Volume 194 Biographies 119: Outstanding Conduct · 10 passages

Open chapter

及為宰相，又言之德宗，於是召拜右諫議大夫，遣長安尉楊寧賫束帛詣其家。 When Mi became chief minister he again spoke of Cheng to Emperor Dezong; Cheng was then summoned as right remonstrator, and Chang'an magistrate Yang Ning was sent with silks to his home.

城褐衣到闕下辭讓，帝遣中人持緋衣衣之，召見，賜帛五十匹。 Cheng came to court in brown clothes to decline; the emperor sent a eunuch to clothe him in crimson and summoned him, bestowing fifty bolts of silk.

及受命，它諫官論事苛細紛紛，帝厭苦，而城浸聞得失且熟，猶未肯言。 After he took office, other remonstrators debated petty details until the emperor grew weary; Cheng gradually heard all gains and losses and knew them well, yet still would not speak.

及裴延齡誣逐陸贄、張滂、李充等，帝怒甚，無敢言。 When Pei Yanling falsely drove out Lu Zan, Zhang Pang, Li Chong, and others, the emperor was furious beyond measure and none dared speak.

城聞，曰：「吾諫官，不可令天子殺無罪大臣。」 When Cheng heard this he said: "I am a remonstrator—I cannot let the Son of Heaven kill guiltless chief ministers."

帝大怒，召宰相抵城罪。 The emperor was greatly enraged and summoned the chief ministers to reproach Cheng.

順宗方為皇太子，為開救，良久得免，敕宰相諭遣。 Shunzong was then heir apparent and interceded; after a long while Cheng was spared; the emperor ordered the chief ministers to admonish and dismiss him.

然帝意不已，欲遂相延齡。 Yet the emperor's intent was not finished; he still wished to make Yanling chief minister.

帝不相延齡，城力也。 The emperor did not make Yanling chief minister—Cheng's force accomplished it.

帝惡城黨有罪，出為道州刺史，太學諸生何蕃、季償、王魯卿、李讜等二百人頓首闕下，請留城。 The emperor hated that Cheng harbored a guilty man and sent him out as prefect of Daozhou; more than two hundred Imperial University students—He Fan, Ji Chang, Wang Luqing, Li Dan, and others—knelt at the palace gate begging that Cheng be kept.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 213Volume 213 Biographies 138: Buffer Regions: the Black, Green, and Yellow Seas · 14 passages

Open chapter

天子於是改運道，檄天下兵為守備，河南騷然。 The emperor rerouted the grain transports and called up troops empire-wide; the Henan region erupted in alarm.

德宗詔諸軍合討，其從父洧以徐州歸，大將李士真以德州、李長卿以棣州送款，納恚洧背己，且徐險集，悉兵攻洧。 Emperor Dezong ordered a general assault; Na's clansman Li Wei defected with Xuzhou, while Li Shizhen surrendered Dezhou and Li Changqing surrendered Di Prefecture. Furious at Wei's betrayal and mindful of Xuzhou's rugged defenses, Na threw his entire army against him.

帝命宣武、劉玄佐督諸軍進援，大破其兵。 The emperor ordered the Xuanwu army and Liu Xuanzuo to direct the relief and inflicted a crushing defeat on Na's army.

時中人宋鳳朝以納窮，欲立功，建不可赦，帝乃械說等禁中。 The eunuch Song Fengchao, seeing Na at bay, urged that he must not be forgiven and the emperor had Fang Yue and the hostages clapped in irons within the palace.

興元初，帝下詔罪己，納復歸命，授檢校工部尚書，復平盧帥節，賜鐵券，又同中書門下平章事，封隴西郡王。 When the emperor issued his famous self-reproach edict early in the Xingyuan era, Na submitted again; he was named acting Minister of Works, restored as military governor of Pinglu, given an iron covenant of mercy, made honorary Grand Councillor, and enfeoffed Prince of Longxi.

德宗遣使者諭武俊罷兵。 Emperor Dezong sent envoys ordering Wujun to stand down.

德宗崩，哀使未至，義成節度使李元素騰遺詔示之。 When Dezong died, before the official mourning envoy arrived, the Yicheng governor Li Yuansu showed him the late emperor's testament.

程日華，定州安喜人，始名華，德宗以其有功，益曰日華。 Cheng Rihua, a native of Anxi in Dingzhou, was originally named Hua; Emperor Dezong, honoring his service, enlarged his name to Rihua.

滄，故成德部州也，孝忠絕李惟嶽，德宗以滄畀義武。 Cangzhou had belonged to Chengde; when Xiaozhong broke with Li Weiyue, Dezong awarded it to Yiwu.

今州十縣瀕海，有魚鹽利自給，此軍本號橫海，將軍能絕易定歸天子，自為一州，甲訓兵，利則出，無利則守，可亢盜喉襟。 Your ten coastal counties live on fish and salt; this command was once called Heng-Hai. Break with Yi and Ding, submit directly to the emperor as an independent circuit, train your army, strike when profit offers and hold when it does not—you can throttle the rebels' lifeline.

君能用仆計，請至京師為天子言之。」 Adopt my plan and I will go to Chang'an and plead your case to the emperor."

日華謂然，乃遣宇西，帝果大喜，拜御史中丞、滄州刺史，復置橫海軍，即以為使，時建中三年也。 Rihua agreed and sent Yu west; the emperor was delighted, named him vice censor-in-chief and prefect of Cang, restored the Heng-Hai command, and made him its military governor in Jianzhong 3 (782).

子懷直擅知留事，帝以日華故，即拜權知滄州刺史。 His son Huaizhi had taken charge in his absence; honoring Rihua's memory, the emperor named him acting prefect of Cang.

河朔刺史不廷授幾三十年，帝嘉其忠，以徐申為景州刺史。 For nearly thirty years the court had not named a Hebei prefect directly; the emperor, admiring his loyalty, appointed Xu Shen to Jingzhou.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 64Volume 64: Hereditary House of Later Shu · 1 passage

Open chapter

昶幼子玄寶，生七歲而卒，太常言無服之殤無贈典，昶問李昊，昊曰：「昔唐德宗皇子評生四歲而卒，贈揚州大都督，封肅王，此故事也。」 Chang's youngest son Xuanbao died at seven. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices said a child who died before wearing mourning had no posthumous honors. Chang asked Li Hao, who said: "Under Tang Dezong the imperial son Ping died at four and was posthumously made Grand Governor of Yang Prefecture and enfeoffed Prince of Su—that is precedent."