Emperor | 24 Histories

Overview

Emperor was an emperor of Song.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Posthumous name	Emperor Responding to Heaven, Broad in Fortune, Great in Sageliness, Divine in Martial Power, Illumined in the Way, Supreme in Virtue, and Filial in Benevolence	應天廣運大聖神武明道至德仁孝皇帝

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 969 七月乙亥
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 225
AD 969 七月戊辰
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 222
AD 969 七月甲子
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 220-221
AD 969 七月癸酉
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 223
AD 969 三月乙巳
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 195-196
AD 969 三月壬辰
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 188

Show 33 more source-backed claims

AD 969 三月庚子
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 191
AD 969 三月戊戌
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 190
AD 969 三月辛丑
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 192-193
AD 969 三月辛亥
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 197
AD 969 九月乙巳朔
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 227
AD 969 九月壬戌
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 228
AD 969 二月乙亥
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 187
AD 969 二月己酉
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 185
AD 969 二月戊午
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 184
AD 969 二月甲子
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 186
AD 969 五月戊子至庚寅
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 205
AD 969 五月甲辰
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 207
AD 969 八月丁亥
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 226
AD 969 六月丙子朔
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 215
AD 969 六月癸巳
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 216-217
AD 968 十一月癸卯，日南至，改元开宝
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 175-177
AD 968 十二月乙丑
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 179
AD 968 十二月甲子
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 178
AD 969 四月丙子
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 203
AD 969 四月壬子
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 199
AD 969 四月壬戌
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 201
AD 969 四月己未
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 200
AD 969 四月戊申
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 198
AD 969 四月戊辰
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 202
AD 969 开宝二年二月乙卯
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 181-183
AD 969 开宝二年春正月己卯朔
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 180
AD 969 秋七月丁巳
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 218-219
AD 969 闰月壬子
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 210
AD 969 闰月壬戌
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 213
AD 969 闰月己未
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 211
AD 969 闰月庚申
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 212
AD 969 闰月戊申
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 208
AD 969 闰月戊辰
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 214

Career and standing

Emperor Responding to Heaven, Broad in Fortune, Great in Sageliness, Divine in Martial Power, Illumined in the Way, Supreme in Virtue, and Filial in Benevolence 应天广运大圣神武明道至德仁孝皇帝
AD 968 十一月癸卯，日南至，改元开宝 · Offered
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 177

Places and affiliations

Polity Song 宋 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 175, 177, 184
AD 969 三月戊戌
At Taiyuan 太原 · Relation Arrived at
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 190
AD 969 二月乙亥
At Luzhou 潞州 · Relation Halted at
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 187
AD 969 二月甲子
At capital 京师 · Relation Departed from
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 186
AD 969 闰月戊辰
At Zhenzhou 镇州 · Relation Encamped at
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 214

Works and attributed material

the Fen could flood the city 汾水可以灌其城
AD 969 三月乙巳 · Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 195
decreed that he would take the field in person 诏亲征
AD 969 二月戊午 · Edict · Author
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 184
officials in the Sichuan circuits were to hunt out people who kept separate registers and divided property while their parents lived; the penalty was death 川峡诸州察民有父母在而别籍异财者，论死
AD 969 八月丁亥 · Edict · Author
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 226
every fort, stockade, and county in Zhen, Shen, Zhao, Xing, and Ming was to be walled 镇、深、赵、邢、洺五州管内镇、砦、县悉城之
AD 969 秋七月丁巳 · Edict · Author
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 219

Events and relationships

Advanced from Luzhou
AD 969 三月壬辰 · Travel · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 188
Again visited west of city
AD 969 四月丙子 · Travel · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 203
Appointed capital regents
AD 969 二月己酉 · Political · Sovereign · With Kuangyi (光义)
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 185
Appointed Hedong commanders against Northern Han
AD 969 开宝二年二月乙卯 · Military · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 181
Appointed northern commanders against Khitan
AD 969 开宝二年二月乙卯 · Military · Sovereign
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 2, passage 183
Arrived beneath Taiyuan walls
AD 969 三月戊戌 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 190

Show 41 more source-backed claims

Bestowed robes and gold belts
AD 969 七月甲子 · Court · Sovereign
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 2, passage 221
Built bridge
AD 969 三月辛丑 · Military · Commander · At Fen River 汾河
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 192
Kaibao 开宝
AD 968 十一月癸卯，日南至，改元开宝 · Political · Sovereign · Changed era name
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 175
Climbed dike after parapet collapse
AD 969 闰月戊申 · Military · Inspector
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 208
Debated withdrawal
AD 969 闰月壬子 · Military · Sovereign · With Li Guangzan (李光贊)
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 210
Decreed death for separate household while parents lived
AD 969 八月丁亥 · Legal · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 226
Decreed personal campaign
AD 969 二月戊午 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 184
Distributed celebratory rewards
AD 968 十二月甲子 · Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 178
Drafted corvee to siege
AD 969 三月辛丑 · Military · Commander
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 2, passage 193
Feasted and shot
AD 969 九月壬戌 · Court · Host · At Jade Ford Garden 玉津园
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 228
Gave banquet
AD 969 开宝二年二月乙卯 · Court · Host · At Hall of Eternal Spring 长春殿
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 2, passage 182
Held great feast
AD 969 七月甲子 · Court · Host
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 220
Inspected new water mill
AD 969 七月癸酉 · Inspection · Visitor
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 223
Left Zhenzhou
AD 969 六月丙子朔 · Travel · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 215
Longevity star appeared
AD 969 七月乙亥 · Omen · Witness
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 225
Marched from capital
AD 969 二月甲子 · Travel · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 186
Ordered dike and flood Taiyuan
AD 969 三月乙巳 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 195
Ordered naval crossbow assault
AD 969 五月戊子至庚寅 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 205
Ordered trophies displayed below walls
AD 969 四月己未 · Military · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 200
Ordered walling of forts
AD 969 秋七月丁巳 · Military · Sovereign
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 2, passage 219
Partial amnesty capital prisoners
AD 969 六月癸巳 · Legal · Sovereign
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 2, passage 217
Proclaimed general amnesty
AD 968 十一月癸卯，日南至，改元开宝 · Legal · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 176
Received honorific register
AD 968 十一月癸卯，日南至，改元开宝 · Political · Honoree · With Zhao Pu (趙普)
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 177
Received tribute
AD 969 七月戊辰 · Diplomatic · Recipient · With Wucai (武才)
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 222
Received tribute
AD 968 十二月乙丑 · Diplomatic · Recipient · From Arab lands 大食国
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 179
Refused all out storm
AD 969 五月甲辰 · Military · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 207
Relocated Hedong households
AD 969 闰月己未 · Political · Sovereign · At east of the mountains 山东
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 211
Returned from Taiyuan
AD 969 六月癸巳 · Travel · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 216
Returned to eastern works
AD 969 四月壬子 · Military · Inspector
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 199
Reviewed troops and built linked walls
AD 969 三月庚子 · Military · Commander · At south of Taiyuan 城南
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 191
Ringed Taiyuan with camps and diverted Fen
AD 969 三月乙巳 · Military · Commander
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 2, passage 196
Sent Sun Fangjin to besiege Fenzhou
AD 969 三月辛亥 · Military · Sovereign · With Sun Fangjin (孙方进)
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 197
Sent troops to Zhen and Lu
AD 969 闰月庚申 · Military · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 212
Southern suburban sacrifice
AD 968 十一月癸卯，日南至，改元开宝 · Ritual · Officiant · At southern altar 南郊
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 175
Turned homeward from Taiyuan
AD 969 闰月壬戌 · Travel · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 213
Visited monastery
AD 969 四月戊辰 · Ritual · Visitor · At Shangsheng Monastery 上生院
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 202
Visited temple
AD 969 九月乙巳朔 · Ritual · Visitor · At Temple of the Martial King 武成王庙 · With Martial King (武成王)
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 227
Visited temple
AD 969 秋七月丁巳 · Ritual · Visitor · At Fengchan Temple 封禅寺
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 218
Watched dike works east of city
AD 969 四月戊申 · Military · Inspector
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 198
Watched shipbuilding
AD 969 四月壬戌 · Military · Inspector · At Fen River 汾河
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 201
Withheld audience while army in field
AD 969 开宝二年春正月己卯朔 · Court · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 180

Assessments and attributes

Assessment pitied the troops and refused a death-storm of the walls · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passage 207

Source notes

Value historical
Directly stated · History of Song 2, passages 175, 177

References in the histories

History of Song, Chapter 2Volume 2 Annals 2: Taizu 2 · 7 passages

Open chapter

宰相普等奉玉冊、寶，上尊號曰應天廣運大聖神武明道至德仁孝皇帝。 Chancellor Zhao Pu and his colleagues presented the jade register and seal, raising his title to Emperor Responding to Heaven, Broad in Fortune, Great in Sageliness, Divine in Martial Power, Illumined in the Way, Supreme in Virtue, and Filial in Benevolence.

甲子，發京師。 On jiazi the emperor marched out from Kaifeng.

戊戌，駕傅城下。 On wuxu the emperor's train drew up beneath the walls.

己未，何繼筠敗契丹於陽曲，斬首數千級，俘武州刺史王彥符以獻，命陳示所獲首級、鎧甲於城下。 On jiwei He Jiyun smashed the Khitan at Yangqu, taking thousands of heads and capturing Wuzhou prefect Wang Yanfu; the emperor had the trophies paraded before the walls.

甲辰，都虞候趙廷翰奏，諸軍欲登城以死攻，上愍之，不允。 On jiachen chief inspector Zhao Tinghan reported that the troops wanted to storm the walls at all costs; the emperor, moved to pity, refused.

閏月戊申，雉圮，水注城中，上遽登隄觀。 In the intercalary month, on wushen, the battlements gave way and floodwater rushed into the city; he climbed the embankment at once to see.

壬戌，駕還。 On renxu the emperor turned homeward.