Emperor Shizong (世宗)

Overview

Emperor Shizong was a ruler.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1166 大定六年九月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 42, passages 7, 13
AD 1171 大定十一年
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passages 17-19
AD 1163 大定三年
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 2
AD 1167 明年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 42, passages 14-15
AD 1166 to AD 1167 是後
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 42, passage 16

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Crown Prince (皇太子)
crown prince 皇太子 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 42, passages 13-14

Career and standing

honorific title 尊號
AD 1163 to AD 1166 前朕受尊號謁謝 · Received
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 42, passage 14
demotion 責降
AD 1166 是歲 · Imposed
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 13

Places and affiliations

Polity Jin 金 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 42, passage 2
AD 1166 大定六年九月
At Western Capital 西京 · Relation Traveled from
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passages 7, 13
AD 1171 大定十一年
At Grand Ancestral Temple 太廟 · Relation Offered at
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 17

Works and attributed material

AD 1167 明年
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Addressee Note chief ministers
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 14
Edict · Author
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 16
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Liangbi (良弼)
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 15
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Shi Jue (石琚)
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passages 17-18

Events and relationships

Ordered half strength ceremonial guard
AD 1171 大定十一年 · Administrative · Issuer
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 18
edict substituting soldiers 詔以軍士易之
Administrative · Issuer · Ordered soldiers to replace conscripted commoners as guard bearers
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 16
joint ancestral sacrifice 袷享
AD 1163 大定三年 · Ritual · Officiant · Performed joint ancestral sacrifice
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 2
Prepared southern suburb and temple offerings
AD 1171 大定十一年 · Ritual · Principal · At Southern Suburb 南郊
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 17
Questioned ritual officials about crown prince carriage
AD 1166 是歲 · Ritual · Questioner · With Crown Prince (皇太子)
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 13
Returned from
AD 1166 大定六年九月 · Travel · Principal · At Western Capital 西京
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passages 7, 13

Show 2 more source-backed claims

Grand Carriage Guard of Honor 大駕鹵簿
AD 1171 大定十一年 · Administrative · Principal · Revised yellow banner guard into grand carriage guard
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 19
thanksgiving visit 謁謝
Ritual · Principal · Thanksgiving visit after honorific title · Followed Song Zhenzong precedent of court dress on horseback
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 14

Assessments and attributes

Assessment civil-officials-follow-precedent-without-attention · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Emperor Shizong (世宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 15
Assessment previous-dynasty-Han-heaven-sacrifice-was-self-display-not-reverence · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Emperor Shizong (世宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 17

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Jin 42, passage 2

References in the histories

History of Jin, Chapter 42Volume 42 Treatises 23: Ceremonial Guards 2: Guards for the Emperor, Guards for the Empress Dowager, Guards for the Crown Prince, Attendants for Princes, Guides for Imperial Concubines, Ceremonial Attendants for Officials · 6 passages

Open chapter

世宗大定三年，袷享，用黃麾仗三千人。 In Dading 3 (1163), when Emperor Shizong performed the joint ancestral sacrifice, he employed a yellow-banner guard of three thousand men.

是歲，上還自西京，有司備儀仗，皇太子乘綴輅，上疑其非禮，以問禮官，無能知者，上怒，皆責降之。 That year, when the emperor returned from the Western Capital, the responsible offices prepared the ceremonial escort, and the crown prince rode in the ornamented carriage. The emperor suspected this violated proper ritual and questioned the ritual officials, but none could explain it. Enraged, he demoted them all.

明年，將冊皇太子，宰臣奏當備儀仗告廟，上曰：「前朕受尊號謁謝，但令朕用宋真宗故事，朝服乘馬，於禮甚輕，今皇太子乃用備禮何耶？」 The following year, as the crown prince was to be formally invested, the chief ministers memorialized that the full ceremonial guard should be prepared for the announcement at the ancestral temple. The emperor said, "When I received my honorific title and made the thanksgiving visit, you had me follow only Emperor Zhenzong of the Song—court dress and on horseback—a very light observance by ritual standards. Why should the crown prince now receive the full ceremonial treatment?"

丞相良弼謝，上徐曰：「此文臣因循，不加意爾。」 Chief Councillor Liangbi apologized. The emperor said slowly, "The civil officials simply follow precedent without thinking—that is all."

先是，凡行幸皆役民執仗，是後詔以軍士易之。 Previously, whenever the emperor went on progress, commoners were conscripted to carry the guard equipment; thereafter an edict ordered soldiers substituted in their place.

大定十一年，將有事於南郊，朝享太廟，右丞石琚奏其禮，上曰：「前朝漢人祭天，惟務整肅儀仗，此自奉耳，非敬天也。 In Dading 11 (1171), as the court prepared for the Southern Suburb sacrifice and an offering at the Grand Ancestral Temple, Right Vice Councillor Shi Jue presented the ritual program. The emperor said, "Under the previous dynasty, the Han worshiped Heaven by striving only to make the ceremonial escort imposing. That was self-display, not reverence for Heaven.