Emperor Tongzhi (同治帝)

Overview

The translated histories identify Emperor Tongzhi as a named individual, royal family member, and ruler. This record brings together 12 passages from 5 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Emperor Tongzhi	同治帝	Tongzhi Di
Temple name	Emperor Muzong	穆宗	Muzong
Temple name	Emperor Muzong	穆宗	Mùzōng
Title	Emperor Tongzhi	同治帝
Regnal	Emperor Tongzhi	同治帝
Temple name	Muzong	穆宗	Mùzōng
Temple	Muzong	穆宗	Muzong
Title	the eldest imperial son	大阿哥
Regnal name	Tongzhi	同治	Tongzhi
Regnal	Tongzhi		Tongzhi
Title	Tongzhi Emperor

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:141:s0027, qingshigao:389:s0039
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:387:s0033, qingshigao:436:s0033, qingshigao:468:s0023

Roles

Named Individual
Royal Family Member
Ruler

Life and dates

Death

Manner: died / 崩 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 穆宗崩 · Western Year: AD 1875
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:468:s0023

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 同治元年 · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit · qingshigao:141:s0027
Source Date: Text: 同治二年 · Regnal Year: 2 · Western Year: AD 1863
Explicit · qingshigao:141:s0174
Source Date: Text: 同治元年 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit · qingshigao:436:s0033
Western Interval: Start: AD 1862 · End: AD 1873 · Source Date: Text: 同治元年至十二年
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0042, qingshigao:391:s0044
Source Date: Text: 同治十三年 · Western Year: AD 1874
Explicit · qingshigao:436:s0059, qingshigao:436:s0060
Source Date: Text: 咸豐十一年 · Western Year: AD 1861
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:389:s0039
Source Date: Text: 咸豐十年 · Western Year: AD 1860
Explicit · qingshigao:436:s0031, qingshigao:436:s0032
Source Date: Text: 穆宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1861
Explicit · qingshigao:387:s0033
Source Date: Text: 穆宗崩 · Western Year: AD 1875
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:468:s0023

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Spouse of Empress Xiaozhe (孝哲皇后)
Kinship Term: empress / 后 · Union Category: marriage
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: marriage

Places and affiliations

Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · qingshigao:387:s0033
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:141:s0027, qingshigao:389:s0039, qingshigao:436:s0033

Works and attributed material

Kind: edict · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治元年 · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit · qingshigao:141:s0027, qingshigao:141:s0028
Kind: edict · Role: speaker · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐十一年 · Western Year: AD 1861
Explicit · qingshigao:389:s0039, qingshigao:389:s0040, qingshigao:389:s0041, qingshigao:389:s0042, qingshigao:389:s0043, qingshigao:389:s0044, qingshigao:389:s0045

Events and relationships

Relation: student-of · Person Id: Woren (倭仁)
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0042, qingshigao:391:s0044

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: horse administration decayed; army mounts exhausted · Provenance: Mode: edict · Speaker Person Id: Emperor Tongzhi (同治帝)
Explicit · qingshigao:141:s0027

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 1 passage

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穆宗即位，肅順等以贊襄政務多專擅，御史董元醇疏請皇太后垂簾聽政。 When the Tongzhi Emperor succeeded, Sushun and his fellows, as regents, grew increasingly high-handed; Censor Dong Yuanchun memorialized that the empress dowager should rule from behind the curtain.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 389Volume 389 Biographies 176: Bai Jun, Lin Kui, Rui Chang, Quan Qing · 1 passage

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十一年，穆宗即位，肅順等既敗，御史任兆堅疏請昭雪，下禮、刑兩部詳議，議上，詔曰：「柏葰聽受囑託，罪無可辭。 In 1861, after Emperor Muzong came to the throne and Sushun's faction had been overthrown, Censor Ren Zhaojian asked that Baizhan's name be cleared. The Ministries of Rites and Punishments deliberated and reported back; the edict read: "Baizhan accepted improper entreaties, and his guilt cannot be denied.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 391Volume 391 Biographies 178: Wo Ren, Li Tangjie, Wu Tingdong · 3 passages

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兩宮皇太后以倭仁老成端謹，學問優長，命授穆宗讀。 The two empress dowagers, finding Wo Ren seasoned, upright, and learned, ordered him to tutor the Tongzhi Emperor.

倭仁素嚴正，穆宗尤敬憚焉。 Wo Ren had always been stern and upright, and the Tongzhi Emperor held him in particular awe.

皇太后、皇上體上天好生之心，必有哀矜不忍喜者。 The empress dowager and emperor, sharing Heaven's love of life, must feel compassion and cannot rejoice.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 436Volume 436 Biographies 223: Shen Guifen, Li Hongzao, Weng Tonghe, Sun Yuwen · 5 passages

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召來京，明年，特詔授大阿哥讀。 He was summoned to the capital, and the following year a special edict named him tutor to the heir apparent.

穆宗登極，皇太后懿旨命直弘德殿。 When Emperor Tongzhi ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager ordered him to serve in Hongde Hall.

傅穆宗十餘年，盡心啟沃。 He tutored Emperor Tongzhi for more than a decade and devoted himself wholeheartedly to the young emperor's education.

一日，穆宗學書，故為戲筆。 One day, while the emperor was practicing calligraphy, he deliberately made playful strokes.

穆宗改容謝之。 The emperor changed his manner and apologized.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 468Volume 468 Biographies 255: Chong Qi Son: Bao Chu Deng, Zhi Jun, Yan Mao Younger Brother: Yan Zhi, Se Pu Zheng E, Wang Yirong, Xi Yuan, Zong Shibaofeng, Zong Shishoufu Younger Brother: Shou Fandeng, Song Chengxiang, Wang Tieshan · 2 passages

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初，穆宗崩，孝哲皇后以身殉，崇綺不自安，故再引疾。 After Emperor Muzong died and Empress Xiaozhe followed him in death, Chong Qi felt ill at ease at court and therefore pleaded illness a second time.

二十六年，立溥俊為「大阿哥」，嗣穆宗。 In 1900, Pu Jun was installed as the 'Great Heir Apparent' to succeed Emperor Muzong.