Woren (倭仁) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Woren as an official, scholar, statesman, and teacher. This record brings together 25 passages from 5 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Woren	倭仁	Wōrén
Style	Genfeng	艮峰	Genfeng
Posthumous	Wenduan	文端	Wenduan
Personal	Wo Ren	倭仁	Wo Ren
Personal name	Woren	倭仁	Wōrén
Personal	Woren	倭仁	Woren
Personal name	Woren	倭仁	Woren
Clan		烏齊格里氏

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:191:s0144
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:436:s0042, qingshigao:464:s0002

Roles

Official
Scholar
Statesman
Teacher

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Western Year: AD 1871 · Source Date: Text: 同治十年 shortly after · Manner: died
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0062, qingshigao:391:s0063

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 七年 · Western Year: AD 1857
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0038
Source Date: Text: 三年 · Western Year: AD 1853
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0033
Source Date: Text: 二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1842
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0004
Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 1855
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0036
Source Date: Text: 光緒八年 · Western Year: AD 1882
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0064
Source Date: Text: 八年 · Western Year: AD 1869
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0061
Source Date: Text: 六年 · Western Year: AD 1867
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0053
Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1871
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0062, qingshigao:391:s0063
Source Date: Text: 同治二年 · Western Year: AD 1863
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:464:s0002
Source Date: Text: 同治五年左右 · Western Year: AD 1866
Explicit · qingshigao:436:s0042
Source Date: Text: 同治元年 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0041
Source Date: Text: 同治元年正月己亥 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit · qingshigao:193:s0033, qingshigao:193:s0037
Source Date: Text: 咸豐二年 · Western Year: AD 1852
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0031
Source Date: Text: 咸豐十一年十月辛酉 · Western Year: AD 1861
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:191:s0144, qingshigao:191:s0140
Source Date: Text: 四年 · Western Year: AD 1854
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0034
Source Date: Text: 文宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0006
Source Date: Text: 道光九年 · Western Year: AD 1829
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:391:s0002
Western Interval: Start: AD 1829 · End: AD 1882 · Source Date: Text: 道光九年至光緒八年
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0002, qingshigao:391:s0064

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Kin of Furun (福潤)
Kinship Term: nephew / 從子 · Subject Role: uncle · Object Role: nephew · Line: paternal
Parent of Fuyu (福裕)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Fuxian (福咸)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Origins and identity

Ethnicity: Manchu / 滿
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:191:s0144
Ethnicity: Mongol / 蒙古
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0001
Clan: Ujikri clan / 烏齊格里氏
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0001

Career and standing

Label: Left Censor-in-Chief / 左都御史 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐十一年十月辛酉 · Western Year: AD 1861
Explicit · qingshigao:191:s0144, qingshigao:191:s0140
Office: compiler · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1829 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0002
Office: 詹事 / tutor of the heir apparent · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1842 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0004
Office: president of the Court of Judicial Review · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1844 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0005
Office: assistant commissioner at Yarkand · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1851 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0028
Office: lecturer in the Upper Study · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1854 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0035
Office: director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1855 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0037
Office: lecturer-at-large · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1855 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0036
Office: vice president of the Mukden Board of Rites · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1855 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0037
Office: Board of Revenue post and Fengtian prefectural affairs · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1857 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0038
Office: chief envoy to Korea · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1857 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0039
Office: left censor-in-chief · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1857 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0040
Office: chancellor of the Hanlin Academy · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1862 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0045
Office: co-grand secretary · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1862 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0045
Office: grand secretary of the Wenyuan Pavilion · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1862 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0052
Office: Minister of Works · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1862 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0041
Office: Zongli Yamen service · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1867 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0058
Office: grand secretary of the Wenhua Hall · Action: held · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1871 · Source Date: Text: date context from cited unit
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0062
Label: Manchu Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate / 都察院滿左都御史 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治元年壬戌 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:193:s0033, qingshigao:193:s0037
Label: Manchu Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate / 都察院滿左都御史 · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治元年正月己亥 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit · qingshigao:193:s0033, qingshigao:193:s0037
Honor: Grand Tutor / 太保 · Action: posthumously granted
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0063

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0002
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:191:s0144
Place: Henan / 河南 · Relation: garrisoned-at
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0001
Organization: Plain Red Banner / 正紅旗 · Relation: member-of
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0001

Learning and skills

Credential: jinshi / 進士 · Action: earned · Date Context: Western Year: AD 1829 · Source Date: Text: 道光九年
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0002

Works and attributed material

Work: posthumous writings / 遺書 · Scrolls: 13
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0069
Work: Heart-Opening Golden Mirror / 啟心金鑑 · Relation: compiler-commentator
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0043
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Addressee Person Id: Emperor Xianfeng (咸豐帝) · Topic: distinguishing gentlemen from petty men and choosing ministers
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0006, qingshigao:391:s0007, qingshigao:391:s0008, qingshigao:391:s0009, qingshigao:391:s0010, qingshigao:391:s0011, qingshigao:391:s0012, qingshigao:391:s0013, qingshigao:391:s0014, qingshigao:391:s0015, qingshigao:391:s0016, qingshigao:391:s0017, qingshigao:391:s0018, qingshigao:391:s0019, qingshigao:391:s0020, qingshigao:391:s0021, qingshigao:391:s0022, qingshigao:391:s0023, qingshigao:391:s0024, qingshigao:391:s0025
Kind: impeachment memorial · Role: author · Other Person Id: Akhmet (愛瑪特) · Outcome: Wo Ren demoted after rebuke
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0033
Kind: impeachment memorial · Role: author · Other Person Id: Huang Zantang (黃贊湯) · Outcome: Huang Zantang removed
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0052
Kind: memorial · Role: co-author · Other Person Ids: Xu Tong (徐桐), Weng Tonghe (翁同龢) · Topic: imperial virtue and halting construction after fire
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0061
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Topic: Henan official corruption and rebellion
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0046, qingshigao:391:s0047, qingshigao:391:s0048, qingshigao:391:s0049, qingshigao:391:s0050, qingshigao:391:s0051
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Topic: root of governance and frontier duties
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0031

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: office-holder · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治元年正月己亥 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit · qingshigao:193:s0033, qingshigao:193:s0037
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Li Duanfen (李端棻)
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0002

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: did not grasp changing times and disdained self-strengthening policies · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0201
Assessment: stern, upright, learned, and respected as imperial tutor · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:391:s0042, qingshigao:391:s0044, qingshigao:391:s0200

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 191Volume 191 Tables 31: Ministers of Boards and Courts Chronological Table 7 Lower · 1 passage

Open chapter

愛仁十月丙辰遷。麟魁左都御史。辛酉遷。倭仁左都御史。 On the bingchen day of the tenth month, 愛仁 was transferred. 麟魁: Left Censor-in-Chief. On the xinyou day, was transferred. 倭仁: Left Censor-in-Chief.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 193Volume 193 Tables 33: Ministers of Boards and Courts Chronological Table 8 Lower · 1 passage

Open chapter

倭仁正月己亥遷。文祥左都御史。閏八月丙申遷。載齡左都御史。 On the jihai day of the first month, 倭仁 was transferred. 文祥: Left Censor-in-Chief. On the bingshen day of the intercalary eighth month, was transferred. 載齡: Left Censor-in-Chief.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 391Volume 391 Biographies 178: Wo Ren, Li Tangjie, Wu Tingdong · 21 passages

Open chapter

倭仁，字艮峰，烏齊格里氏，蒙古正紅旗人，河南駐防。 Wo Ren, whose style was Genfeng, belonged to the Ujikri clan. A Mongol bannerman of the Plain Red Banner, he was stationed on garrison duty in Henan.

文宗即位，應詔陳言，略曰：「行政莫先於用人，用人莫先於君子小人之辨。 When the Xianfeng Emperor acceded, Wo Ren answered an imperial call for counsel with a memorial that began: 'In governing, nothing precedes the choice of men; in choosing men, nothing precedes telling the gentleman from the petty man.

疏入，上稱其切直，因諭大小臣工進言以倭仁為法。 When the memorial reached the throne, the Emperor praised its blunt honesty and told officials at every rank to speak their minds, taking Wo Ren as their example.

未幾，禮部侍郎曾國籓奏用人三策，上复憶倭仁言，手詔同褒勉焉。 Soon afterward Vice Minister of Rites Zeng Guofan submitted three proposals on appointing men; the Emperor again recalled Wo Ren's memorial and with his own hand issued an edict commending them both.

大理寺少卿田雨公疏言倭仁用違其才，上曰：「邊疆要任，非投閒置散也。 Assistant President Tian Yugong of the Court of Judicial Review argued that Wo Ren's talents were wasted on the assignment; the Emperor replied, 'A frontier post is a weighty charge, not a place to shelve a man in disgrace.

咸豐二年，倭仁复上敬陳治本一疏，上謂其意在責難陳善，尚無不合，惟僅泛語治道，因戒以留心邊務，勿託空言。 In 1852 Wo Ren again submitted a memorial on getting governance right at the root. The Emperor said his aim—to admonish and offer honest counsel—was not out of line, but that he spoke only in broad platitudes about the Way of rule, and warned him to mind frontier business and not hide behind empty rhetoric.

候補道何桂珍上封事，言倭仁秉性忠貞，見理明決，生平言行不負所學，請任以艱鉅，未許。 Expectant circuit intendant He Guizhen sent in a sealed memorial praising Wo Ren's loyalty, clarity of judgment, and conduct worthy of his learning, and asking that grave responsibilities be placed on him. The request was denied.

三年，倭仁劾葉爾羌回部郡王阿奇木伯克愛瑪特攤派路費及護衛索贓等罪，詔斥未經確訊，率行參奏，下部議，降三級調用。 In 1853 Wo Ren impeached Akhmet, the Yarkand district king and Akhun-beck, for forcing travelers to pay road levies and for his guards' demands for bribes. The throne rebuked him for acting without a full inquiry and sent the case to the ministries; Wo Ren was demoted three ranks and transferred.

四年，侍郎王茂廕等請命會同籌辦京師團練，上以軍務非所長，寢其議。 In 1854 Vice Minister Wang Maoyin and others asked that Wo Ren be ordered to help organize militia training in the capital; the Emperor, saying military affairs were not his forte, set the proposal aside.

兩宮皇太后以倭仁老成端謹，學問優長，命授穆宗讀。 The two empress dowagers, finding Wo Ren seasoned, upright, and learned, ordered him to tutor the Tongzhi Emperor.

倭仁輯古帝王事蹟，及古今名臣奏議，附說進之，賜名啟心金鑑，置弘德殿資講肄。 Wo Ren compiled the deeds of ancient rulers and memorials of renowned ministers past and present, added his own commentary, and presented the work to the throne. It was named the Heart-Opening Golden Mirror and kept in the Hall of Manifest Virtue for the emperor's study.

倭仁素嚴正，穆宗尤敬憚焉。 Wo Ren had always been stern and upright, and the Tongzhi Emperor held him in particular awe.

倭仁謂根本之圖，在人心不在技藝，尤以西人教習為不可； Wo Ren argued that the root lay in men's hearts, not in technical skill, and above all that Western teachers were intolerable;

於是詔倭仁保薦，別設一館，即由倭仁督率講求。 The throne then ordered Wo Ren to nominate teachers, open a separate hall, and direct the instruction himself.

倭仁屢疏懇辭，不允； Wo Ren repeatedly begged off in memorials, without success;

尋卒，贈太保，入祀賢良祠，諡文端。 He died soon after. The court granted him the posthumous rank of Grand Tutor, enshrined him in the Shrine of Worthy Officials, and gave him the posthumous name Wenduan.

光緒八年，河南巡撫李鶴年奏建專祠於開封，允之。 In 1882 Henan governor Li Henian asked to erect a private shrine to Wo Ren at Kaifeng, and the request was granted.

初，曾國籓官京師，與倭仁、李棠階、吳廷棟、何桂珍、竇垿講求宋儒之學。 In earlier years, while Zeng Guofan served in the capital, he studied Song Neo-Confucian thought together with Wo Ren, Li Tangjie, Wu Tingdong, He Guizhen, and Dou Kan.

倭仁作帝師，正色不阿； Wo Ren served as the emperor's teacher, unbending in manner;

倭仁著有遺書十三卷。 Wo Ren left posthumous writings in thirteen scrolls.

論曰：倭仁晚為兩宮所敬禮，際會中興，輔導衝主，兢兢於君心敬肆之間，當時舉朝嚴憚，風氣賴以維持。 The historian comments: In his later years Wo Ren was revered by the two empress dowagers. At the restoration he tutored a boy emperor, ever watchful over the balance of reverence and laxity in the ruler's heart; the whole court stood in awe of him, and public morals were steadied by his example.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 436Volume 436 Biographies 223: Shen Guifen, Li Hongzao, Weng Tonghe, Sun Yuwen · 1 passage

Open chapter

倭仁等亦代為陳請，仍命恭親王傳諭慰勉。 Woren and others petitioned on his behalf as well, but the court still had Prince Gong convey the edict and urge him to comply.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 464Volume 464 Biographies 251: Li Duanfen, Xu Zhijingzi, Ren Zhu, Chen Baozhen, Huang Zunxian, Ceng He, Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, Tan Sitong With: Tang Caichang, Lin Xu, Kang Guangren · 1 passage

Open chapter

同治二年進士，選庶吉士，授編修，為大學士倭仁、尚書羅敦衍所器。 In Tongzhi 2 he took his jinshi degree, entered the Hanlin as a junior compiler, was appointed a compiler, and won the regard of Grand Secretary Woren and Minister Luo Dunyan.