Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · Ruler

Emperor Wen 世祖

Shizu

Died AD 566

Passages: 85
Chapters: 14
Histories: 3

Overview

The translated histories identify Emperor Wen as a general, military officer, royal family member, and ruler. This record brings together 85 passages from 14 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Emperor Wen	世祖	Shizu
Personal	Chen Qian	陳蒨	Chen Qian
Personal name	Chen Qian	陳蒨
Personal name	Chen Qian	蒨	Qian
Title	Chen Wendi	陳文帝
Temple name	Emperor Wen	世祖
Alternate	Emperor Wen	世祖
Title	Emperor Wen	文帝	Wéndì
Temple name	Emperor Wen	文帝
Temple name	Emperor Wen	文帝	Wéndì
Title	Emperor Wen	文帝
Title	Emperor Wen	世祖	Shizu
Title	Emperor Wen	世祖
Title	Emperor Wen
Alternate	Emperor Wen of Chen	世祖	Chén Shìzǔ
Personal	Emperor Wen of Chen	文帝	Chen Wendi
Title	Emperor Wen of Chen	文帝	Wendi
Posthumous name	Literary Emperor	文皇帝
Title	Literary Emperor	文皇
Title	Prince of Linchuan	臨川王
Given	Qian	蒨
Temple	Shizu	世祖	Shizu
Temple name	Shizu	世祖	Shizu
Temple name		世祖

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0003, chenshu:015:s0017, chenshu:020:s0010, chenshu:022:s0012, chenshu:023:s0018, chenshu:025:s0008, chenshu:032:s0049, chenshu:036:s0094, liangshu:006:s0019, liangshu:046:s0125, zhoushu:004:s0125
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · chenshu:020:s0150, chenshu:029:s0087
Value: male
Explicit · chenshu:017:s0041

Roles

General
Military Officer
Royal Family Member
Ruler

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 天康元年四月癸酉 · Western Year: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0008
Manner: died · Label: died (imperial) / 崩
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0026
Explicit · chenshu:029:s0096, chenshu:032:s0050

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: Tianjia era · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:013:s0028
Source Date: Text: 世祖即位 · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:032:s0049
Source Date: Text: 世祖即位 · Western Year: AD 560
Explicit · chenshu:022:s0081
Source Date: Text: 世祖嗣位 · Western Interval: Start: AD 559 · End: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:023:s0018
Source Date: Text: 世祖嗣位 · Western Year: AD 560
Explicit · chenshu:015:s0017, chenshu:022:s0014
Source Date: Text: 世祖在位 · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:029:s0087
Source Date: Text: 侯景平後 · Western Year: AD 552
Explicit event contextual date · chenshu:020:s0013
Source Date: Text: 天嘉 · Western Year: AD 560
Explicit event contextual date · chenshu:020:s0016
Source Date: Text: 天嘉六年 · Western Year: AD 565
Explicit · chenshu:036:s0094, chenshu:036:s0096
Source Date: Text: 天嘉初 · Western Year: AD 560
Explicit · chenshu:025:s0019, chenshu:025:s0020
Source Date: Text: 天康元年 · Western Year: AD 566
Explicit event contextual date · chenshu:020:s0024
Source Date: Text: 天康元年四月癸酉 · Western Year: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0008
Source Date: Text: 太平元年 · Western Year: AD 556
Explicit event contextual date · liangshu:006:s0042
Source Date: Text: 文帝以配皎 · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit event contextual date · chenshu:020:s0150
Source Date: Text: 文帝嗣位 · Western Year: AD 559
Explicit · chenshu:017:s0041
Source Date: Text: 文帝皆配于皎 · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit event contextual date · chenshu:020:s0155
Source Date: Text: 文帝鑒往古之得人 · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit event contextual date · chenshu:020:s0162
Source Date: Text: 是月 · Western Year: AD 559
Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:004:s0125
Source Date: Text: 梁太清末 · Western Year: AD 549
Strongly inferred · chenshu:022:s0075
Source Date: Text: 永定三年 · Western Year: AD 559
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0006
Source Date: Text: 江陵陷後 · Western Year: AD 555
Explicit event contextual date · liangshu:046:s0125
Source Date: Text: 紹泰元年 · Western Year: AD 555
Explicit event contextual date · liangshu:006:s0019

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Kin of Chen Baxian (陳霸先)
Kinship Term: elder brother's son / nephew / 兄子 · Subject Role: nephew · Object Role: paternal-uncle · Generation Distance: 1 · Line: paternal · Intermediary Person Ids: Elder brother of Chen Baxian (陳霸先之兄)
Child of Elder brother of Chen Baxian (陳霸先之兄)
Kinship Term: elder brother's son / 兄子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Spouse of Empress Dowager (皇太后)
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage
Parent of Chen Bogu (陳伯固)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 5
Kinship Term: fifth son / 第五子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 5
Parent of Chen Bozong (陳伯宗)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parentage: biological
Kinship Term: legitimate eldest son / 嫡長子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 1
Child of Chen Baxian (陳霸先)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological
Sibling of Chen Xu (陳頊)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: uncertain · Subject Relative Age: elder
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: younger
Sibling of Senior Princess of Xinyi (信義長公主)
Kinship Term: younger sister / 妹 · Subject Relative Age: elder · Shared Parentage: uncertain

Career and standing

Label: Administrator of Wu Commandery / 吳興郡守 · Action: appointed
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0013
Label: Administrator of Wuxing / 吳興太守 · Action: held
Explicit · chenshu:022:s0076
Label: General Who Displays Martial Resolution / 宣毅將軍 · Action: held
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0014
Action: succeeded
Explicit · chenshu:022:s0014, chenshu:022:s0081
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 世祖嗣位 · Western Year: AD 560
Explicit · chenshu:015:s0017
Title: Emperor Wen of Chen / 文帝 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 是月 · Western Year: AD 559
Explicit · zhoushu:004:s0125
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 永定三年 · Western Year: AD 559
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0006

Places and affiliations

Label: Chen / 陳 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0006
Polity: Chen / 陳 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · chenshu:015:s0017, chenshu:020:s0150, chenshu:022:s0014, chenshu:022:s0081
Polity: Chen / 陳 · Relation: served
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0015
Polity: Chen · Relation: associated-with
Explicit · chenshu:025:s0008
Place: Kuaiji / 會稽 · Relation: garrisoned-at
Explicit · chenshu:022:s0078
Place: Lin'an / 臨安 · Relation: took-refuge-at
Explicit · chenshu:022:s0075

Works and attributed material

Type: edict · Summary: criticized Zhou Fu for indiscipline and credulity but praised his prior loyal military service and preserved his fief and burial honors · About Person Id: Zhou Fu (周敷)
Explicit · chenshu:013:s0101, chenshu:013:s0102, chenshu:013:s0103
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Chen Xu (陳頊) · Quoted: true
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0126
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Han Ziga (韓子高)
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0050
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Wang Chong (王沖)
Explicit · chenshu:023:s0070

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: appointer · Action: assigned · Other Person Id: Cao Qing (曹慶) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 文帝以配皎 · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0150
Kind: political · Role: appointer · Action: assigned · Other Person Id: Xi Huilue (席慧略) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 文帝皆配于皎 · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0155
Kind: political · Role: appointer · Action: assigned · Other Person Id: Lu Xian (魯閑) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 文帝皆配于皎 · Western Interval: Start: AD 560 · End: AD 566
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0155
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: campaigned-against · Other Person Id: Zhang Biao (張彪)
Explicit · chenshu:022:s0012
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Hua Jiao (華皎)
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0162, chenshu:020:s0163
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Han Ziga (韓子高)
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0162

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: chose talent without regard to pedigree; entrusted Han Zigao and Hua Jiao · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · chenshu:020:s0162
Assessment: 知神器之重，弗傳寶祚 · Assessment En: knew the throne's weight and did not pass the mandate to Bozong · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0129

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · chenshu:015:s0012

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Chen, Chapter 4Volume 4: Emperor Fei · 9 passages

廢帝諱伯宗，字奉業，小字藥王，世祖嫡長子也。 The Deposed Emperor, taboo name Bozong, styled Fengye and in youth called Yaowang, was the legitimate eldest son of Emperor Wen.

三年，世祖嗣位，八月庚戌，立為皇太子。 In year 3, when Emperor Wen took the throne, he was made crown prince on gengxu day of the eighth month.

天康元年四月癸酉，世祖崩，其日，太子即皇帝位于太極前殿，詔曰：「上天降禍，大行皇帝奄棄萬國，攀號靡及，五內崩殞。 On guiyou day of the fourth month in Tiankang year 1, Emperor Wen died. That same day the crown prince ascended the throne in the hall before the Supreme Ultimate and proclaimed: "Heaven has sent calamity; the late emperor has left the realm. We cannot reach him with our laments; Our inmost being is broken.

世祖文皇帝克嗣洪基，光宣寶業，惠養中國，綏寧外荒； Emperor Wen carried on the great foundation, enlarged the royal work, nourished the heartland, and pacified the frontier;

文皇知子之鑒，事甚帝堯，傳弟之懷，又符太伯。 Emperor Wen knew which son could bear the charge, as Yao did; his wish to pass the throne to his younger brother matched the Duke of Wu.

帝仁弱無人君之器，世祖每慮不堪繼業，既居冢嫡，廢立事重，是以依違積載。 The emperor was mild and feeble and lacked a ruler's stature; Emperor Wen long feared he could not bear the inheritance. Because he was the principal legitimate heir, replacing him was grave, and for years Emperor Wen could not decide.

世祖知神器之重，諒難負荷，深鑒堯旨，弗傳寶祚焉。 Emperor Wen knew how heavy the throne was and that this son could not carry it; reading Yao's intent, he did not hand him the mandate.

〈世祖紀〉〈Annals of Emperor Wen〉

〈世祖紀〉〈Annals of Emperor Wen〉

Book of Chen, Chapter 13Volume 13: Xu Shipu; Lu Xida; Zhou Fu; Xun Lang; Zhou Jiong · 7 passages

世祖嗣位，加特進，進號安右將軍。 When Emperor Wen succeeded, he was given special advance and promoted to secure-the-right general.

世祖即位，進號安左將軍。 When Emperor Wen came to the throne, Xida was promoted to general who secures the left.

世祖遣都督章昭達征迪，敷又從軍。 Emperor Wen sent area commander Zhang Zhaoda against Di, and Fu marched again.

尋遣朗隨世祖拒王琳於南皖。 Soon Lang was sent to follow Emperor Wen against Wang Lin at Nanwan.

世祖即位，並釋之。 When Emperor Wen came to the throne, he released them all.

世祖釋炅，授戎威將軍、定州刺史，帶西陽、武昌二郡太守。 Emperor Wen freed Jiong and made him martial-power general and inspector of Dingzhou, with concurrent charge of Xiyang and Wuchang.

天嘉二年，留異據東陽反，世祖召炅還都，欲令討異。 In Tianjia year two Liu Yi rebelled at Dongyang; Emperor Wen recalled Jiong to the capital to lead the campaign against him.

Book of Chen, Chapter 15Volume 15: Imperial Family · 3 passages

世祖嗣位，除丹陽尹，常侍如故。 When Emperor Wen succeeded to the throne, Ni was appointed intendant of Danyang while retaining his attendant rank.

世祖嗣位，除宣城太守，將軍如故。 When Emperor Wen succeeded to the throne, Xiang was made administrator of Xuancheng while retaining his general's rank.

世祖即位，出為安吉縣令。 When Emperor Wen took the throne, Huiji was posted as magistrate of Anji county.

Book of Chen, Chapter 17Volume 17: Wang Chong; Wang Tong; Yuan Jing · 3 passages

文帝嗣位，解少傅，加特進、左光祿大夫。 When Emperor Wen succeeded, he was relieved as junior tutor and given supernumerary privilege together with the left grand master of the golden sigil.

文帝即位，益加尊重，嘗從文帝幸司空徐度宅，宴筵之上，賜以几。 When Emperor Wen succeeded, the honor grew; once, accompanying the emperor to Minister of Works Xu Du's house, he was given an armrest at the banquet.

文帝嗣位，領太子少傅。 When Emperor Wen succeeded, he headed tutor to the heir apparent.

Book of Chen, Chapter 20Volume 20: Dao Zhongju; Han Zigao; Hua Jiao · 32 passages

文帝居鄉里，嘗詣仲舉，時天陰雨，仲舉獨坐齋內，聞城外有簫鼓之聲，俄而文帝至，仲舉異之，乃深自結託。 While Emperor Wen was still in the countryside he once called on Zhongju. Rain fell under a leaden sky. Zhongju sat alone in his study and heard flutes and drums beyond the wall. Then Emperor Wen arrived. Struck by the omen, Zhongju gave him his deepest trust.

文帝又嘗因飲，夜宿仲舉帳中，忽有神光五采照于室內，由是祇承益恭。 Emperor Wen once spent the night in Zhongju’s tent after wine. A five-colored light suddenly filled the room. From then on Zhongju served him with still greater reverence.

侯景之亂，仲舉依文帝。 When Hou Jing rebelled, Zhongju cast his lot with Emperor Wen.

及景平，文帝為吳興郡守，以仲舉為郡丞，與潁川庾持俱為文帝賓客。 After Jing fell, Emperor Wen became administrator of Wu Commandery and made Zhongju his deputy. He and Yu Chi of Yingchuan both served as Emperor Wen’s clients.

文帝為宣毅將軍，以仲舉為長史，尋帶山陰令。 When Emperor Wen was made general who displays martial resolution, he named Zhongju chief clerk and soon gave him the magistracy of Shanyin as well.

文帝嗣位，授侍中，參掌選事。 When Emperor Wen took the throne, Zhongju was made palace attendant and helped manage appointments.

是時，文帝積年寢疾，不親御萬機，尚書中事，皆使仲舉斷決。 By then Emperor Wen had lain ill for years and no longer ran the realm himself. Everything in the masters of writing went to Zhongju for decision.

文帝疾甚，入侍醫藥。 When Emperor Wen grew desperately ill, Zhongju entered to nurse him with medicine.

及文帝崩，高宗受遺詔為尚書令入輔，仲舉與左丞王暹、中書舍人劉師知、殷不佞等，以朝望有歸，乃遣不佞矯宣旨遣高宗還東府。 When Emperor Wen died, Emperor Xuan took the testament as director of the masters of writing and entered to govern. Zhongju, with the left assistant Wang Xian and secretariat attendants Liu Shizhi and Yin Bujiu, judged where the court’s hopes lay and sent Bujiu to forge an edict ordering Emperor Xuan back to the Eastern Mansion.

初，仲舉子郁尚文帝妹信義長公主，官至中書侍郎，出為宣城太守，文帝配以士馬，是年遷為南康內史，以國哀未之任。 Earlier Zhongju’s son Yu had married Emperor Wen’s sister, the Senior Princess of Xinyi. He rose to attendant gentleman of the secretariat, then went out as administrator of Xuancheng, and Emperor Wen gave him troops and horses. That year he was named interior minister of Nankang but had not yet taken office because of the state mourning.

景平，文帝出守吳興，子高年十六，為總角，容貌美麗，狀似婦人，於淮渚附部伍寄載欲還鄉，文帝見而問之，曰：「能事我乎？」 After Jing fell, Emperor Wen went out to hold Wu Commandery. Zigao was sixteen, still wearing the boy’s knot, beautiful as a woman. At Huai Ford he joined a convoy bound home. Emperor Wen saw him and asked, “Will you serve me?”

子高本名蠻子，文帝改名之。 His name had been Manzi; Emperor Wen renamed him.

文帝性急，子高恆會意旨。 Emperor Wen was quick-tempered; Zigao always read his mind.

文帝甚寵愛之，未嘗離於左右。 Emperor Wen doted on him and never let him leave his side.

文帝嘗夢見騎馬登山，路危欲墮，子高推捧而升。 Emperor Wen once dreamed he rode uphill on a perilous path about to fall. Zigao pushed and lifted him up.

文帝之討張彪也，沈泰等先降，文帝據有州城，周文育鎮北郭香 When Emperor Wen campaigned against Zhang Biao, Shen Tai and others had already surrendered. Emperor Wen held the prefectural city, and Zhou Wenyü garrisoned north of the city at Xiang

[1]張彪自剡縣夜還襲城，文帝自北門出，倉卒闇夕，軍人擾亂，文育亦未測文帝所在，唯子高在側，文帝乃遣子高自亂兵中往見文育，反命酬答，於闇中又往慰勞眾軍。 [1] Zhang Biao returned by night from Shan county to storm the city. Emperor Wen slipped out the north gate. In the sudden dark the troops panicked. Wenyü did not know where Emperor Wen was—only Zigao stood beside him. Emperor Wen sent Zigao through the chaos to Wenyü to bring back his orders, then go again in the dark to steady the army.

文帝散兵稍集，子高引導入文育營，因共立柵。 Emperor Wen’s scattered men slowly gathered. Zigao led him into Wenyü’s camp and together they threw up palisades.

文帝乃分麾下多配子高，子高亦輕財禮士，歸之者甚眾。 Emperor Wen then gave Zigao many of his own followers. Zigao was generous and courteous to officers, and men flocked to him.

文帝嗣位，除右軍將軍。 When Emperor Wen took the throne, Han Zigao became General of the Right Army.

及琳平，子高所統益多，將士依附之者，子高盡力論進，文帝皆任使焉。 After Wang Lin was pacified, Zigao's command grew. He strongly recommended the officers and soldiers who joined him, and Emperor Wen put them all to use.

文帝不豫，入侍醫藥。 When Emperor Wen fell ill, Zigao attended him and oversaw his medicines.

高祖南下，文帝為景所囚，皎遇文帝甚厚。 When Gaozu marched south, Emperor Wen was being held by Jing, and Jiao treated him with great kindness.

景平，文帝為吳興太守，以皎為都錄事，軍府穀帛，多以委之。 After Hou Jing was pacified, Emperor Wen became Administrator of Wuxing and made Jiao chief recorder, entrusting much of the military office's grain and silk to him.

及文帝平杜龕，仍配以人馬甲仗，猶為都錄事。 When Emperor Wen pacified Du Kan, he assigned Jiao men, horses, armor, and weapons while keeping him as chief recorder.

文帝即位，除開遠將軍，左軍將軍。 When Emperor Wen took the throne, Jiao was appointed General Who Opens the Distant and General of the Left Army.

時南州守宰多鄉里酋豪，不遵朝憲，文帝令皎以法馭之。 Southern prefects and magistrates were often local strongmen who ignored the court. Emperor Wen ordered Jiao to bring them to heel by law.

文帝以湘州出杉木舟，使皎營造大艦金翅等二百餘艘，并諸水戰之具，欲以入漢及峽。 Emperor Wen, since Xiangzhou furnished fir for ships, ordered Jiao to build more than two hundred Golden-Wing great ships and all river-war gear, intending to enter the Han and the gorges.

琳敗，文帝以配皎，官至長沙太守。 After Lin's defeat Emperor Wen placed him under Jiao; he rose to administrator of Changsha.

閑本張彪主帥，慧略王琳部下，文帝皆配于皎，官至郡守。 Xian had served Zhang Biao as chief commander and Huilüe had been under Wang Lin; Emperor Wen gave both to Jiao, and each became a commandery governor.

史臣曰：韓子高、華皎雖復瓶筲小器，輿臺末品，文帝鑒往古之得人，救當今之急弊，達聰明目之術，安黎和眾之宜，寄以腹心，不論冑閥。 The historian writes: Han Zigao and Hua Jiao were trifling men of humble birth, yet Emperor Wen—seeing how past ages chose talent and how pressing his own troubles were—used sharp judgment and policies that calmed the realm, and gave them his full trust without asking after their pedigrees.

皎據有上游，忠於文帝。 Jiao held the upper river and had been loyal to Emperor Wen.

Book of Chen, Chapter 22Volume 22: Lu Zilong, Qian Daoji, Luo Ya · 10 passages

及世祖討彪，彪將沈泰、吳寶真、申縉等皆降，而子隆力戰敗績，世祖義之，復使領其部曲，板為中兵參軍。 When Emperor Wen moved against Biao, Biao's generals Shen Tai, Wu Baozhen, Shen Jin, and the rest surrendered—but Zilong fought on and lost. Emperor Wen admired his constancy, restored him to his old troops, and brevetted him military adjutant of the central guard.

世祖嗣位，子隆領甲仗宿衛。 When Shizu took the throne, Zilong commanded the armored palace guard.

高祖輔政，遣道戢隨世祖平張彪于會稽，以功拜直閤將軍，除員外散騎常侍、假節、東徐州刺史，封永安縣侯，邑五百戶。 While the Founder held regency he sent Daoji with Emperor Wen to crush Zhang Biao at Kuaiji. For merit he was made direct-gate general, supernumerary scattered-cavalry regular attendant with credentials, and inspector of East Xuzhou, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Yong'an with five hundred households.

永定三年，隨世祖鎮于南皖口。 In the third year of Yongding (559) he followed Emperor Wen to garrison South Wan Ford.

梁太清末，世祖嘗避地臨安，牙母陵，[4]睹世祖儀表，知非常人，賓待甚厚。 At the end of Liang's Taiqing era Emperor Wen once sheltered at Lin'an. Ya's mother Ling [4] saw his bearing, knew he was no common man, and received him with deep courtesy.

及世祖為吳興太守，引牙為將帥，因從平杜龕、張彪等，每戰輒先鋒陷陣，[5]勇冠眾軍，以功授直閤將軍。 When Emperor Wen became administrator of Wuxing he made Ya a commander. Ya followed him against Du Kan, Zhang Biao, and the rest, always first through the breach; [5] his bravery outshone every unit. For merit he was made direct-gate general.

世祖鎮會稽，起為山陰令。 When Emperor Wen held Kuaiji he was recalled as magistrate of Shanyin.

尋從世祖拒王琳於南皖。 Soon he followed Emperor Wen against Wang Lin at South Wan.

世祖即位，授假節、威虜將軍、員外散騎常侍，封常安縣侯，[6]邑五百戶。 When Emperor Wen succeeded he was given credentials as might-subduing general and supernumerary scattered-cavalry regular attendant, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Chang'an [6] with five hundred households.

駱牙識真有奉，知世祖天授之德，蓋張良之亞歟？ Luo Ya saw true worth and served it; he knew Emperor Wen bore heaven's mandate—was he not Zhang Liang's peer?

Book of Chen, Chapter 23Volume 23: Shen Junli; Wang Yang; Lu Shan · 5 passages

世祖嗣位，徵為侍中，遷守左民尚書，未拜，為明威將軍、丹陽尹。 When Emperor Wen succeeded, Junli was summoned as palace attendant and transferred to act as minister of the left bureau of the people. Before he took up the post, he was made general of bright prestige and intendant of Danyang.

世祖嗣位，授散騎常侍，領太子庶子，侍東宮。 When Emperor Wen succeeded to the throne, Yang was granted the rank of attendant-in-ordinary of the scattered cavalry, appointed chief tutor to the heir apparent, and attended the eastern palace.

瑒為侍中六載，父沖嘗為瑒辭領中庶子，世祖顧謂沖曰：「所以久留瑒於承華，政欲使太子微有瑒風法耳。」 Yang had served as palace attendant for six years. His father Chong once asked that Yang be relieved of the concurrent post of junior tutor. Emperor Wen turned to Chong and said, 'The reason I have kept Yang at Chenghua so long is simply that I want the heir apparent to absorb even a little of Yang's bearing and standards.'

世祖嗣位，徵為太子中庶子，領步兵校尉，掌東宮管記。 When Emperor Wen succeeded to the throne, Shan was summoned as junior tutor to the heir apparent, concurrently commandant of footsoldiers, with charge of the eastern palace records.

繕儀表端麗，進退閑雅，世祖使太子諸王咸取則焉。 Shan had a handsome, dignified bearing and moved with graceful ease. Emperor Wen had the heir apparent and all the princes take him as their model.

Book of Chen, Chapter 25Volume 25: Pei Ji; Sun Yang · 4 passages

世祖即位，除光祿大夫，慈訓宮衛尉，並不就，乃築山穿池，植以卉木，居處其中，有終焉之志。 When Emperor Wen came to the throne, Zhiping was appointed grand master of glorious happiness and chamberlain for the guards of Cixun Palace, but accepted neither. Instead he built hills, dug ponds, planted flowers and trees, and settled there, meaning to end his days in retirement.

時義安太守張紹賓據郡反，世祖以忌為持節、都督嶺北諸軍事，率眾討平之。 Zhang Shaobin, administrator of Yian, rebelled and held his commandery. Emperor Wen made Ji bearer of the staff and commander of the armies north of the range, and he led troops to crush him.

〔五〕未拜，而世祖從容謂瑒曰：「昔朱買臣願為本郡，卿豈有意乎？」 [5] Before he took office, Emperor Wen said to him gently: "Zhu Maichen once longed to govern his home commandery. Do you feel the same?"

〔四〕瑒助防張世（責）貴舉外城以應之據通鑑陳文帝天嘉元年及元龜三九九改。 Note 4, on "Yang's assistant defender Zhang Shigui opened the outer city in response": emended from the Comprehensive Mirror, Chen Wendi, Tianjia year 1, and Yuan Gui 399.

Book of Chen, Chapter 29Volume 29: Zong Yuanrao; Sima Shen; Mao Xi; Cai Zheng · 4 passages

世祖即位，喜自周還，進和好之策，朝廷乃遣周弘正等通聘。 When Emperor Wen came to the throne, Xi returned from Zhou and offered a plan for peace; the court then sent Zhou Hongzheng and others to open diplomatic exchange.

世祖嘗謂高宗曰：「我諸子皆以『伯』為名，汝諸兒宜用『叔』為稱。」 Emperor Wen once told Emperor Xuan, "All my sons take 'Bo' in their names; your sons should use 'Shu' in their style."

高宗以訪于喜，喜即條牒自古名賢杜叔英、虞叔卿等二十餘人以啟世祖，世祖稱善。 Emperor Xuan consulted Xi; Xi at once listed more than twenty famous men of antiquity such as Du Shuying and Yu Shuqing and reported them to Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wen praised it.

世祖崩，廢帝沖昧，高宗錄尚書輔政，僕射到仲舉等知朝望有歸，乃矯太后令遣高宗還東府，當時疑懼，無敢措言。 When Emperor Wen died, the Deposed Emperor was young and ignorant; Emperor Xuan assumed the recorded affairs of the masters of writing as regent; vice director Dao Zhongju and others knew that court expectation had a direction and therefore forged an empress dowager order sending Emperor Xuan back to the eastern palace; at the time there was doubt and fear, and none dared speak.

Book of Chen, Chapter 32Volume 32: Filial Piety · 2 passages

世祖即位，除尚書左民郎，不就，後為始興王諮議參軍，兼尚書右丞，遷東宮通事舍人。 When Emperor Wen took the throne, he was made director of the left bureau for the people in the Secretariat but did not accept; later he was made staff adviser to the Prince of Shixing and concurrently right vice director in the Secretariat, then moved to communicating affairs attendant of the eastern palace.

及世祖崩，廢帝嗣立，高宗為太傅，錄尚書輔政，甚為朝望所歸。 When Emperor Wen died, the Deposed Emperor succeeded; Emperor Xuan was grand tutor and recorded affairs of the Secretariat to assist in government, and was greatly where court expectation turned.

Book of Chen, Chapter 36Volume 36: Chen Shuling, Prince of Shixing; Chen Bogu, Prince of Xin'an · 1 passage

新安王伯固字牢之，世祖之第五子也。 Prince of Xin'an Chen Bogu, styled Laozhi, was Emperor Wen's fifth son.

Book of Liang, Chapter 6Volume 6: Emperor Jing · 2 passages

震州刺史杜龕舉兵，攻信武將軍陳蒨於長城，義興太守韋載據郡以應之。 Zhenzhou inspector Du Kan raised troops and attacked Trustworthy Martial General Chen Qian at Changcheng; Yixing administrator Wei Zai held the commandery in support.

二月庚戌，遣周文育、陳蒨襲會稽，討彪。 On gengxu in the second month Zhou Wenyu and Chen Qian were sent to strike Kuaiji and suppress Biao.

Book of Liang, Chapter 46Volume 46: Hu Sengyou; Xu Wensheng; Du Ze; Du An; Du You'an; Du Kan; Yin Zichun · 2 passages

僧祐由別路西上，約謂畏己而退，急追之，及於南安芊口，呼僧祐曰：「吳兒，何爲不早降？ Sengyou took a side road west; Yue thought he had fled in fear and chased hard; at Nan'an Qian Ford he shouted to Sengyou, "Wu whelp—why not surrender now?

及僧辯敗，龕乃據吳興以距之，遣軍副杜泰攻陳蒨於長城，反爲蒨所敗。 When Sengbian fell Kan held Wuxing against him and sent Du Tai to strike Chen Qian at Changcheng—but Qian beat him.

Book of Zhou, Chapter 4Volume 4 Annals 4: Emperor Ming · 1 passage

是月，陳武帝薨，兄子蒨立，是謂文帝。 That month Chen Wudi died; his nephew Chen Qian succeeded him, known as Emperor Wen of Chen.